{"questions": [{"text": "Robert Walker argued that failing to take this action would lead to an overflow of Northern insane asylums and British intervention. Juan Almonte resigned his diplomatic post in indignation over this event. Isaac Van Zandt began discussing this plan with Abel Upshur before Upshur died. Anson Jones proposed this plan, which reduced his own power but reserved the weaker side the right to split into five parts in the future. Five years after it, a payment of 10 million dollars helped the area at issue repay debts. The Regulator-Moderator war was calmed just before this deal was struck. The question of whether the Nueces River became a southern border in this transaction led to war later in James K. Polk's presidency. For 10 points, name this deal that ended the independent Lone Star Republic.", "answer": "annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States [or Annexation Treaty of 1845; accept any answer indicating that Texas is joining the United States of America as a state; do not accept any answer indicating the independence of Texas from Mexico]", "page": "Texas_annexation", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414836ea23cc9417e9ba80", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93135, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 206], [207, 286], [287, 425], [426, 516], [517, 589], [590, 723], [724, 800]], "first_sentence": "Robert Walker argued that failing to take this action would lead to an overflow of Northern insane asylums and British intervention.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Before he first met his lover, this character sat \"alone,\" \"enthroned in the market place.\" A soldier laments that this man, when not himself, \"comes too short of that great property / which still should go with\" him. This man hands a pack of belongings to a deserter who later laments \"I am alone the villain of the earth.\" This man says \"Let's mock the midnight bell\" in the hopes of having one last drunken party. This man is spared after a rival argues, \"let us be sacrificers, but not butchers.\" In a monologue, this friend of Enobarbus repeatedly calls that rival \"an honorable man\" while standing by a coffin after asking \"Friends, Romans, countrymen: Lend me your ears.\" For 10 points, which rival of Brutus and lover of Cleopatra delivers the Funeral Oration in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar?", "answer": "Mark Antony [or Marcus Antonius; prompt on \"Mark\" or \"Marcus\"]", "page": "Mark_Antony", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414836ea23cc9417e9ba81", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93136, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 217], [218, 323], [323, 416], [417, 499], [499, 678], [679, 799]], "first_sentence": "Before he first met his lover, this character sat \"alone,\" \"enthroned in the market place.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one of this director's films, the opening credits are preceded by a triple axial cut towards the protagonist's face as his head hits his pillow. This director's self-identified \"best film\" is a documentary set at an Elizabeth Street apartment featuring conversations with his parents Charles and Catherine. The protagonist of one of his films has a secret affair with his epileptic cousin and holds his hand over open flames in a restaurant kitchen and in church. This director used what he calls a \"priest's-eye view\" shot to show the aftermath of a massacre in a brothel run by the pimp Sport. In that film of his, the child prostitute Iris fascinates the disturbed title character, Travis Bickle. For 10 points, name this Italian-American director of Mean Streets and Taxi Driver.", "answer": "Martin Scorsese", "page": "Martin_Scorsese", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414836ea23cc9417e9ba82", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93137, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 309], [310, 466], [467, 598], [599, 702], [703, 786]], "first_sentence": "In one of this director's films, the opening credits are preceded by a triple axial cut towards the protagonist's face as his head hits his pillow.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Along with orbitons and holons, quasiparticles carrying this property are formed from electrons in Luttinger liquids, which carry density waves in charge and this property. Similar wave-like disturbances in the collective structure of this property for a crystal lattice are quantized into magnons. This property separates orthohydrogen from parahydrogen, and its total value is 0 for singlet states and 1 for triplet states. This property causes a beam of silver atoms sent through an inhomogeneous magnetic field to split into two beams instead of forming a continuous band. This property, described by a set of Hermitian unitary matrices named for Wolfgang Pauli, was discovered in the Stern-Gerlach experiment. For 10 points, name this intrinsic form of angular momentum, whose quantum number can be plus or minus one-half for electrons.", "answer": "spin angular momentum [prompt on \"angular momentum\" before mention]", "page": "Spin_(physics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414836ea23cc9417e9ba83", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93138, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 298], [299, 425], [426, 576], [577, 714], [715, 841]], "first_sentence": "Along with orbitons and holons, quasiparticles carrying this property are formed from electrons in Luttinger liquids, which carry density waves in charge and this property.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Journalist John Dinges survived this initiative, which he claimed \"brought terrorism to three continents\" in a 2003 book. The murder of Hugo Banzer set back this initiative, which began two years after the Villa Grimaldi complex opened for use in interrogations. A disclosed diplomatic cable from Robert E. White revealed that this plan made use of a tele-communications channel built by the United States. In Washington, DC, a far-flung part of its \"Phase III\" targeted Orlando Letelier, a particular nuisance to the DINA agency led by School of the Americas alum Manuel Contreras. This campaign expanded into the \"Dirty War\" in Jorge Videla's Argentina. For 10 points, name this covert operation in which dictators ring-led by Agusto Pinochet suppressed and killed South American leftists.", "answer": "Operation Condor [or Plan Condor; prompt on \"Cold War;\" prompt on descriptive answers such as \"Pinochet suppressing dissidents\"; do not accept or prompt on \"Pinochet coup\" at any point; do not accept or prompt on \"Dirty War\" at any point]", "page": "Operation_Condor", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414836ea23cc9417e9ba84", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93139, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 262], [263, 406], [407, 582], [583, 655], [656, 791]], "first_sentence": "Journalist John Dinges survived this initiative, which he claimed \"brought terrorism to three continents\" in a 2003 book.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This singer instructs \"put me onto your black motorcycle\" and asks to \"let me put on a show for you, daddy\" in \"Yayo,\" and repeats \"go, go, go, go, go, this is my show\" in a song on her latest album. This singer opens a song with \"I've been out on that open road\" before describing how she \"hears the birds on the summer breeze.\" In another song, she invites you to \"come on take a walk on the wild side\" and sings \"the road is long, we carry on, try to have fun in the meantime.\" This singer of \"Ride\" asks \"will you still love me when I got nothing but my aching soul?\" in another song. Cedric Gervais remixed her most successful song, in which she sings \"kiss me hard before you go.\" For 10 points, name this American singer of \"Born to Die,\" \"Young and Beautiful,\" and \"Summertime Sadness.\"", "answer": "Lana Del Rey [or Elizabeth \"Lizzy\" Grant; prompt on \"Lana\"]", "page": "Lana_Del_Rey", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414836ea23cc9417e9ba85", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93140, "tokenizations": [[0, 199], [200, 329], [330, 480], [481, 588], [589, 686], [687, 794]], "first_sentence": "This singer instructs \"put me onto your black motorcycle\" and asks to \"let me put on a show for you, daddy\" in \"Yayo,\" and repeats \"go, go, go, go, go, this is my show\" in a song on her latest album.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Some Vajrayana Buddhists consider these real-world creatures to be Dakini, a type of angelic psychopomp. They are propitiated at buildings made of three concentric stone circles of varying height. In a ritual meant to satisfy these creatures, a master known as a rogyapa uses a slicing knife during readings from the Tibetan Book of the Dead. On a peak named for these creatures near Ramnagar, the Heart Sutra and Lotus Sutra were delivered by the Buddha. When not shown as an eagle, Garuda's brother Jatayu is one of these creatures, whose recent chemical-caused extinction around Mumbai has threatened the use of dakhmas there by Parsis. For 10 points, name these birds which come to Tibetan \"sky-burials\" and Zoroastrian Towers of Silence to eat decomposing corpses.", "answer": "vultures [prompt on \"birds\"]", "page": "Vulture", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414836ea23cc9417e9ba86", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93141, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 196], [197, 342], [343, 455], [456, 639], [640, 769]], "first_sentence": "Some Vajrayana Buddhists consider these real-world creatures to be Dakini, a type of angelic psychopomp.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The narrator of this novel becomes fascinated by the story of Margaret and Dolcino after a lecture on love by Ubertino. To prove his skill, a character in this novel discerns the location, appearance, and name of the horse Brunellus without having ever seen it. A man in this work has a vision of the plot of the Cena Cypriani before discovering how to open a mirror and enter the finis Africae. After a trial in this novel, Remigio is burned alongside a village girl and the hunchback Salvatore by the inquisitor Bernard Gui. At the end of this novel, the blind Jorge of Burgos eats the poisoned pages of Aristotle's Second Book of Poetics and burns down the monastery library. For 10 points, name this historical novel following William of Baskerville and Adso of Melk, by Umberto Eco.", "answer": "The Name of the Rose [or Il nome della rosa]", "page": "The_Name_of_the_Rose", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414836ea23cc9417e9ba87", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93142, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 261], [262, 395], [396, 526], [527, 678], [679, 787]], "first_sentence": "The narrator of this novel becomes fascinated by the story of Margaret and Dolcino after a lecture on love by Ubertino.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "By processing one etching through four stages, this artist created a curtain of light that illuminates the good thief but casts the bad thief in shadow, as part of one of his best known drypoints. This artist included a hazily rendered flute player in the background of a work whose title figure wears a twelve-pointed black broach on his golden cloak, has a crown above his turban, and knocks over a chalice in shock. That painting by this artist of The Three Crosses shows a hand emerging out of a smoke to show golden Hebrew letters illuminated on the wall. A large textbook is propped open in the corner of a painting by this man in which the corpse of Aris Kindt is being studied by Nicolaes Tulp. For 10 points, name this Dutch Baroque painter of Belshazzar's Feast, The Anatomy Lesson, and the massive Night Watch.", "answer": "Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn", "page": "Rembrandt", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414836ea23cc9417e9ba88", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93143, "tokenizations": [[0, 196], [197, 418], [419, 560], [561, 702], [703, 821]], "first_sentence": "By processing one etching through four stages, this artist created a curtain of light that illuminates the good thief but casts the bad thief in shadow, as part of one of his best known drypoints.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "For any natural number n, there exists only one of these numbers that can be expressed in the form \"n-cubed plus 1\". Kanold was the first to show that the amount of these numbers below a given integer n had an asymptotic form of little-O of the square root of n. With the exception of the smallest of these, all known so far can be written as the sum of the cubes of consecutive positive odd integers. For a Mersenne prime with exponent p, a number of this type can be found by multiplying the Mersenne prime by 2 to the power p minus 1, according to the Euler-Euclid conjecture. These numbers are a subset of the triangular numbers, and all numbers of this type found so far are even. For 10 points, name these numbers, such as 496 and 6, that are equal to the sum of their proper divisors.", "answer": "perfect numbers", "page": "Perfect_number", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414836ea23cc9417e9ba89", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93144, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 262], [263, 401], [402, 579], [580, 685], [686, 791]], "first_sentence": "For any natural number n, there exists only one of these numbers that can be expressed in the form \"n-cubed plus 1\".", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a novel by this author, two advisors enlarge their eyes and ears to better see and hear dissidents. In that novel, American doctors wish to patent a mysterious illness contracted by the Ruler, who wishes to build the monumental skyscraper Marching to Heaven. During a drought in a novel by this author, Abdullah uses a catapult to obtain food while villagers walk to the city. In that novel by this man, Munira incidentally kills three brewery directors by burning down Wanja's brothel. In a third novel by this man, Mumbi becomes pregnant while her husband is in prison, Karanja allies with the British forces, and Mugo confesses to betraying the revolutionary Kihika. For 10 points, name this author of Wizard of the Crow, who set Petals of Blood and A Grain of Wheat in his native Kenya.", "answer": "Ng\u0169g\u0129 wa Thiong'o [or James Ngugi]", "page": "Ng\u0169g\u0129_wa_Thiong'o", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba8a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93145, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [103, 261], [262, 379], [380, 489], [490, 672], [673, 793]], "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, two advisors enlarge their eyes and ears to better see and hear dissidents.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Cristobal de Morales composed a work in this genre known as the \"Mille Regretz.\" A composition of this type named for the city of Tournai was probably used as a model by a developer of \"ars nova\" who wrote an influential example for four parts. Many compositions of this type incorporated the song \"L'homme arm\u00c3\u00a9.\" Truncated examples of these compositions are referred to as \"brevis,\" whereas full ones are called \"solemnis.\" A popular legend holds that one of these compositions by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was responsible for preventing a ban on polyphonic music. These compositions always include a Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei. For 10 points, name this genre of composition that sets to music the five main parts of the liturgy of the Eucharist.", "answer": "masses [or missae]", "page": "Mass_(music)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba8b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93146, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 244], [245, 314], [315, 425], [426, 573], [574, 655], [656, 773]], "first_sentence": "Cristobal de Morales composed a work in this genre known as the \"Mille Regretz.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During this king's reign, his general Henri II de Montmorency beat the Spanish at the Battle of Veillane and helped Charles Gonzaga, the Duke of Nevers [nuh-VAIR], secure rule over Mantua. The Counts of Montr\u00c3\u00a9sor and Soissons plotted with this king's brother Gaston in a plot to overthrow him. Jean Guiton was mayor of a city that resisted this man's rule, holding out for 14 months until the signing of the Peace of Alais. Concino Concini advised the mother of this king, who acted as his regent until Charles de Luynes helped bring this king to power. This son of Marie de' Medici and husband of Anne of Austria was advised by a man who besieged the Huguenot city of La Rochelle. For 10 points, name this French king who succeeded Henry IV and employed Cardinal Richelieu.", "answer": "Louis XIII of France", "page": "Louis_XIII_of_France", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba8c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93147, "tokenizations": [[0, 188], [189, 294], [295, 424], [425, 554], [555, 682], [683, 775]], "first_sentence": "During this king's reign, his general Henri II de Montmorency beat the Spanish at the Battle of Veillane and helped Charles Gonzaga, the Duke of Nevers [nuh-VAIR], secure rule over Mantua.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Metabolism of this molecule is disturbed by defects in WRN protein. This molecule is the subject of a signal amplification technique using its \"branched\" form. Bloom syndrome protein is an ATP-dependent enzyme that acts primarily on this molecule. A phenomenon exhibited by this molecule is described by quantities called \"writhe\" and \"twist.\" This molecule's structures include its Z form and A form, but its standard structure is its B form. The amount of this molecule in a cell determines the C-value. This molecule exhibits supercoiling, and it is wound around octamers of proteins called histones. For 10 points, name this molecule packaged in the nucleus whose double helix structure was discovered by Watson and Crick.", "answer": "DNA [or deoxyribonucleic acid]", "page": "DNA", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba8d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93148, "tokenizations": [[0, 67], [68, 159], [160, 247], [248, 342], [342, 343], [344, 443], [444, 505], [506, 603], [604, 726]], "first_sentence": "Metabolism of this molecule is disturbed by defects in WRN protein.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character marries a \"minor movingpicture magnate\" in Hollywood and divorces him in Mexico five years later. This character washes her mouth out with soap after kissing Charlie; earlier, she wrestles with a brother for kissing \"a dirty girl like Natalie.\" At her father's funeral, this character pays her brother a hundred dollars to see her daughter, whom she later attempts to send two hundred dollars a month. That brother notices her muddy drawers as she climbs a tree, and repeatedly remarks that this character \"smells of trees.\" This character's favorite brother, for whom she names her daughter, thinks of her before committing suicide at Harvard. For 10 points, name this sister of Jason, Quentin, and Benjy Compson in William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury.", "answer": "Caddy Compson [or Candace Compson; prompt on \"Compson\"]", "page": "The_Sound_and_the_Fury", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba8e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93149, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 259], [260, 416], [417, 538], [538, 659], [660, 774]], "first_sentence": "This character marries a \"minor movingpicture magnate\" in Hollywood and divorces him in Mexico five years later.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of these objects is owned by a giant whose wife births a fully armed son every six weeks. That owner of one of these objects, who escapes a plot to roast him alive in an iron house, is named Llasar Llaes Gyfnewid. Along with a staff and a platter, Bran gives one to Matholwch as reparations, which Efnisien sacrifices himself to destroy and stop it from resurrecting the Irish dead. A non-Odin father of Tyr owns one of these objects, which was retrieved in a quest including the fishing trip in which Thor hooks Jormungand. Hymir owns a massive one of these that the gods bring to Aegir's feast for brewing beer. In one named Odrerir, Kvasir's blood is mixed with honey to make the mead of poetry. For 10 points, name these metal objects in which Ceridwen and other legendary witches brew potions.", "answer": "cauldrons [or kettles; or pots; accept any descriptive answer indicating a large open container for mixing or storing liquid]", "page": "Cauldron", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba8f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93150, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [94, 217], [218, 386], [387, 528], [529, 617], [618, 702], [703, 802]], "first_sentence": "One of these objects is owned by a giant whose wife births a fully armed son every six weeks.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This ruler's dream of his son's death by an iron spear was fulfilled by an errant throw from the Phrygian exile Adrastus during a boar hunt. This man's father fought the Medes at a battle that coincided with a solar eclipse predicted by Thales of Miletus. This son of Alyattes is prominent in Book I of Herodotus' Histories, which relates how he allied with Amasis of Egypt and Nabonidus of Babylon for his best-known campaign. This man skirmished with his enemy at Pteria along the Halys River, which was followed by a crushing defeat at Thymbra and the siege of this man's capital at Sardis. This ruler misinterpreted the Oracle of Delphi's warning that a mighty empire would fall if he attacked Persia. For 10 points, name this wealthy king of Lydia who was defeated by Cyrus the Great.", "answer": "Croesus [KREE-sus]", "page": "Croesus", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba90", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93151, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 255], [256, 427], [428, 593], [594, 705], [706, 789]], "first_sentence": "This ruler's dream of his son's death by an iron spear was fulfilled by an errant throw from the Phrygian exile Adrastus during a boar hunt.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This thinker wrote that \"framework theories\" cannot make sense of radio host Goodman Ace's malapropisms. This philosopher argued that an actor's \"pro-attitude\" must be part of the \"primary reason\" that causes an action. This author of \"A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs\" proposed using Tarski's semantic theory of truth as the core for a \"theory of meaning,\" though he later claimed \"there is no such thing as a language.\" He included the \"principle of charity,\" which assumes that another speaker has true beliefs, in a method for understanding unfamiliar speech \"from scratch.\" His alternative to mind-body dualism held that no natural laws connect physical events with mental events. For 10 points, name this American philosopher who devised \"radical interpretation\" and anomalous monism.", "answer": "Donald Herbert Davidson", "page": "Donald_Davidson_(philosopher)", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba91", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93152, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 219], [220, 419], [420, 576], [577, 683], [684, 788]], "first_sentence": "This thinker wrote that \"framework theories\" cannot make sense of radio host Goodman Ace's malapropisms.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In Proto-Indo-European studies, this kind of ablaut contrasts with both the \"e-grade\" and \"o-grade\" varieties. In English syntax, this form of complementizer is inherent to the sentence \"I think they like me.\" This type of \"derivation\" is exemplified by using a noun such as \"pen\" as a verb, as in \"I penned it.\" In the Chomsky hierarchy, unrestricted grammars are also called \"Type-[this]\". Arabic and Hebrew use this type of copula in sentences lacking a word for \"to be.\" In linguistics, this term also denotes an inferred word or part of speech that isn't outwardly expressed. For 10 points, identify this number word which the Mayans wrote as a shell glyph before medieval Europeans started using it in calculations.", "answer": "zero [or null; or 0; or zero-grade ablaut; or zero conjunction; or zero complementizer; or zero derivation; or Type-0 grammars; or zero copula; accept any of the above answers with null in place of \"zero\"]", "page": "0", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba92", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93153, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 208], [208, 312], [313, 391], [392, 474], [475, 580], [581, 721]], "first_sentence": "In Proto-Indo-European studies, this kind of ablaut contrasts with both the \"e-grade\" and \"o-grade\" varieties.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One reaction of this type reacts alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls with Hantzsch esters under amine catalysis. Discoverers of an asymmetric version of this reaction used in the industrial synthesis of L-DOPA from an achiral arene won part of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. That asymmetric form of this reaction can be catalyzed by ruthenium-BINAP complexes developed by Noyori. A square-planar tris(triphenylphosphine) rhodium(I) complex was developed in 1966 to homogeneously catalyze this reaction; that is Wilkinson's catalyst. When this reaction is incomplete, it can result in cis-trans isomerization, and thus its \"partial\" form is responsible for the production of trans fats. For 10 points, name this reduction that involves reacting a substrate with the namesake light gas.", "answer": "hydrogenation [accept transfer hydrogenation before \"incomplete\" is read, and prompt on it afterwards; prompt on \"reduction\"]", "page": "Hydrogenation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba93", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93154, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 276], [277, 381], [382, 534], [535, 687], [688, 786]], "first_sentence": "One reaction of this type reacts alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls with Hantzsch esters under amine catalysis.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author describes the title event of one poem as a \"heart's clarion\" and \"world's wildfire\" and states that \"this... poor potsherd, patch, matchwood\u00c2\u2026 is Immortal Diamond.\" This author wrote a poem whose various interpretations center on the word \"Buckle\" and describes how \"blue-bleak embers\u00c2\u2026 Fall, gall themselves, and gash gold-vermillion.\" This author of \"That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire and of the Comfort of the Resurrection\" remembered \"the Happy Memory of five Franciscan Nuns exiled by the Falk Laws,\" in a poem that plays on the name of a sunken ship to describe both the vessel and the country from which it departed. For 10 points, name this English Jesuit poet of \"The Wreck of the Deutschland,\" who used sprung rhythm in \"The Windhover.\"", "answer": "Gerard Manley Hopkins", "page": "Gerard_Manley_Hopkins", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba94", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93155, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [175, 348], [349, 635], [636, 758]], "first_sentence": "This author describes the title event of one poem as a \"heart's clarion\" and \"world's wildfire\" and states that \"this... poor potsherd, patch, matchwood\u00c2\u2026 is Immortal Diamond.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer's first symphony begins with a G minor movement marked Andante orgoglioso and has a finale concluding in C major. Only the winds and percussion play in the second movement \"Humoreske\" of this composer's sixth symphony. The Andante pastorale second movement in his third symphony features wordless solos for soprano and baritone. Another of his symphonies opens with an Allegro collerico and closes with an Allegro sanguineo. He instructed that two sets of timpani be placed as far as possible from each other on either side of the stage for a symphony in which they \"duel\" in the final movement. For 10 points, name this composer of symphonies nicknamed \"The Four Temperaments\" and \"Inextinguishable,\" a native of Denmark.", "answer": "Carl Nielsen", "page": "Carl_Nielsen", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba95", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93156, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 232], [233, 342], [343, 438], [439, 609], [610, 736]], "first_sentence": "This composer's first symphony begins with a G minor movement marked Andante orgoglioso and has a finale concluding in C major.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A 9th-century letter denying this event, opening with the words \"Cogitis me,\" was written to Paula and Eustochium by a Pseudo-Jerome. St. John Damascene is sometimes called the \"Doctor of\" this event due to his three sermons on it. The 4th Glorious Mystery of the Rosary contemplates this event, which is traditionally held to have left lilies behind. The latest ex cathedra infallible declaration, Munificentissimus Deus, established this as dogma in 1950 under Pope Pius XII. A feast on August 15 honors this event, which in Eastern Orthodox tradition was preceded by a sleep called the Dormition. Like Jesus's resurrection, it left behind an empty tomb. For 10 points, name this unique event at the end of the Virgin Mary's life, in which she arose \"body and soul\" into Heaven.", "answer": "Assumption of the Virgin Mary [accept Dormition of the Virgin before \"Dormition\" is read; accept answers containing \"Theotokos\" in place of \"Virgin Mary\"; prompt on descriptive answers such as \"Mary rising to heaven;\" prompt on \"death of the Virgin Mary\" even though that answer violates the Catholic doctrine]", "page": "Assumption_of_Mary", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba96", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93157, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 231], [232, 351], [352, 477], [478, 599], [600, 656], [657, 780]], "first_sentence": "A 9th-century letter denying this event, opening with the words \"Cogitis me,\" was written to Paula and Eustochium by a Pseudo-Jerome.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this television show, a character smells corn on a body, which leads him to a farm where he adds a \"reflection of God\" to a \"mural\" depicting an eye. A character in this show forces a hysterectomy on his sister so that she can't bear an heir to the family business. The protagonist has recurring hallucinations of a feathered stag while suffering from undiagnosed encephalitis, and he fakes the murder of TattleCrime blogger Freddie Lounds. Eddie Izzard appeared on this series as mental patient Dr. Abel Gideon, who was suspected of being the Chesapeake Ripper. Hugh Dancy stars on this show as an FBI profiler who investigates serial murders while seeing a psychiatrist played by Mads Mikkelson. For 10 points, name this NBC series based on Red Dragon, titled for a cannibalistic killer.", "answer": "Hannibal", "page": "Hannibal", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba97", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93158, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 268], [269, 443], [444, 565], [566, 700], [701, 792]], "first_sentence": "In this television show, a character smells corn on a body, which leads him to a farm where he adds a \"reflection of God\" to a \"mural\" depicting an eye.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A historian from this polity wrote of how a man escaped Antioch undetected by laying inside a coffin with a dead chicken inside. Through her marriage to Giovanni Orseolo, a woman from this place introduced the fork to Venice. Visitors to this realm's royal palace were required to put their foreheads to the floor as the emperor's throne rose up into the air by means of hydraulics. \"Dung-named\" and \"the Khazar\" were epithets of two of this realm's rulers. A princess from this place was married off to Vladimir the Great and later helped Christianize Kiev. Another princess from this empire recorded her father's role letting the First Crusade go through it in the Alexiad. For 10 points, name this Mediterranean empire whose powerful women included historian Anna Komnena and the empress Theodora.", "answer": "Byzantine Empire [or Eastern Roman Empire]", "page": "Byzantine_Empire", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba98", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93159, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 225], [226, 384], [384, 457], [458, 558], [559, 675], [676, 800]], "first_sentence": "A historian from this polity wrote of how a man escaped Antioch undetected by laying inside a coffin with a dead chicken inside.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character faintheartedly commits herself to improving her studies after a night of reading Emerson alone in her house, and hushes Victor when he begins singing \"Ah! Si tu savais!\" While talking to a friend, she declares that she would give up the \"unessential things\" for her children, but she wouldn't give herself up. Doctor Mandelet advises this character's husband to permit her whims, which include moving into a \"pigeon house\" outside of her house on Esplanade Street. This mother of Raoul and Etienne watches Adele Ratignolle give birth on her last night alive, and romances Alcee Arobin and Robert Lebrun while living in New Orleans. For 10 points, name this woman who swims as far as she can into the Gulf of Mexico at the end of Kate Chopin's novel The Awakening.", "answer": "Edna Pontellier [or Edna Pontellier]", "page": "The_Awakening_(Chopin_novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba99", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93160, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [166, 169], [170, 184], [185, 324], [325, 479], [480, 646], [647, 778]], "first_sentence": "This character faintheartedly commits herself to improving her studies after a night of reading Emerson alone in her house, and hushes Victor when he begins singing \"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A painter from this country showed his daughter sitting on a fence with her feet dangling above the wild grass in the painting Dragonfly. Another artist from here showed gulls flying over dark blue waters in front of two Viking ships in Guests from Overseas. The works of one painter from this country appeals to the peasant because he paints effect while Picasso paints cause, according to Clement Greenberg's \"Avant-Garde and Kitsch.\" An artist from this country depicted a group of semi-nomadic warriors who are gathered around a table, laughing at the insulting letter they are drafting for Mehmed IV, and also painted eleven disheveled and exhausted men who drag a barge along the banks of the Volga. For 10 points, name this country home to Nicholas Roerich and Ilya Repin.", "answer": "Russian empire [or Rossiya; accept any of the following due to the time-span in which Roerich was alive: Soviet Union; or USSR; or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; or Soyuz Sovietskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; anti-prompt on \"Ukraine\" since Repin was raised there under Russian rule]", "page": "Russian_Empire", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba9a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93161, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 258], [259, 436], [437, 705], [706, 779]], "first_sentence": "A painter from this country showed his daughter sitting on a fence with her feet dangling above the wild grass in the painting Dragonfly.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 1999, the Zeilinger group reproduced this experiment with buckyballs by heating them up to 1000 Kelvin. The sum of the squares of two properties for objects produced in this experiment is less than or equal to one, according to the Englert-Greenberger relation. A variant of this experiment which shows entanglement by deleting information is called a quantum eraser. This experiment's resulting intensity is proportional to sinc [\"sink\"] squared of the width times pi times sine theta divided by the wavelength; that function predicts light and dark bands on a screen. This experiment disproved Isaac Newton's corpuscular theory of light. For 10 points, name this experiment first performed by Thomas Young, in which a coherent beam of light is diffracted through two openings.", "answer": "Young's double-slit experiment", "page": "Young's_interference_experiment", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba9b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93162, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 264], [265, 370], [371, 441], [442, 572], [573, 642], [643, 781]], "first_sentence": "In 1999, the Zeilinger group reproduced this experiment with buckyballs by heating them up to 1000 Kelvin.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a play by this man, one title character counts the bruises caused by the other title character, who accuses her of looking behind her to find a dog on the road. This author also wrote a play in which two men stage an impromptu performance of Sophocles' Antigone after getting off their shifts as prison workers. This man created a teenager who debates the idea of a \"Man of Magnitude\" to aid his composition for an English class, as well two campers who take in an old man who does not speak English. A third play by this author of Boesman and Lena and The Island takes place just as the title antagonist's father is coming home from the hospital, which prompts him to be cruel to Sam and Willie, his black servants. For 10 points, name this South African playwright of \"Master Harold\"...and the Boys.", "answer": "Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard", "page": "Athol_Fugard", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba9c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93163, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 314], [315, 503], [504, 719], [720, 804]], "first_sentence": "In a play by this man, one title character counts the bruises caused by the other title character, who accuses her of looking behind her to find a dog on the road.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The spectral index n-sub-s is one parameter in this theory that quantifies its departure from scale invariance. Early versions of this theory involved false vacuum states that failed to account for the radiation needed for reheating. Newer models use a scalar field with a namesake parameter involving the ratio of the second time derivative of the Hubble parameter to the product of the Hubble parameter and its first time derivative: the \"slow roll\" parameter. This theory answers the question of why the universe is isotropic if different areas are not in causal contact, known as the horizon problem. The main process this theory predicts was finished by 10 to the negative 32 seconds after the Big Bang. Alan Guth developed, for 10 points, what theory which posits a rapid expansion of the early universe?", "answer": "cosmic inflation theory", "page": "Inflation_(cosmology)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba9d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93164, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 233], [234, 462], [463, 604], [605, 708], [709, 810]], "first_sentence": "The spectral index n-sub-s is one parameter in this theory that quantifies its departure from scale invariance.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The dominant edition of this philosopher's works was revised in the 70s by P.H. Nidditch and first edited by Baronet L. A. Selby-Bigge. This man inspired \"quasi-realism,\" a meta-ethical view formulated by Simon Blackburn. Elizabeth Anscombe's Intention rejected this thinker's two-component theory of motivation, in which a desire and a belief are the only things needed to produce action. This man's longest book claims that personal identity is a mere \"bundle\" of perceptions, and downplays the strength of reason in its second part, \"Of Passions.\" This billiards enthusiast and secret atheist wrote that all ideas come from prior \"impressions,\" except perhaps a spectrum's missing shade of blue. For 10 points, name this author of A Treatise of Human Nature, an 18th-century empiricist Scotsman.", "answer": "David Hume", "page": "David_Hume", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba9e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93165, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 221], [222, 389], [390, 549], [549, 550], [551, 698], [699, 798]], "first_sentence": "The dominant edition of this philosopher's works was revised in the 70s by P.H. Nidditch and first edited by Baronet L. A. Selby-Bigge.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this story, a woman suggests in a letter that the protagonist's worries are a product of \"the phantom of our own selves.\" The final sentence of this story describes that woman's fate as a \"quiet domestic happiness\" unlike that which the protagonist would have given her. This story begins with a letter to Lothar that is intercepted by Clara. The protagonist of this story, which was later analyzed in Sigmund Freud's essay \"The Uncanny,\" constantly sees a girl across the street whom he believes is Spalanzini's daughter Olympia, but who is actually an automaton. This story's protagonist associates the salesman Coppola with the fearsome Coppelius. For 10 points, name this E.T.A Hoffmann story whose fabled title character supposedly plucks out the eyes of children who will not sleep.", "answer": "\"The Sandman\" [or \"Der Sandmann\"]", "page": "Sandman", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9ba9f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93166, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [123, 273], [274, 345], [346, 567], [568, 653], [654, 791]], "first_sentence": "In this story, a woman suggests in a letter that the protagonist's worries are a product of \"the phantom of our own selves.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This geographic feature was closed to Christians by traders called Karimi after Reynaud of Chatillon irked them. Purported cave dwellers on this body of water's western side were the first people called \"Troglodytes.\" A port called \"Mussel Harbor\" abutted this body near Berenice according to an anonymous 1st-century text about its peoples. The city of Adulis traded with the Himyarite kingdom across this body of water, allowing Axum access to frankincense and myrrh traders who plied this sea. Ships sailed down from this sea toward the land of Punt during Queen Hatshepsut's reign. For 10 points, name this sea finally joined to the Mediterranean by the Suez Canal.", "answer": "Red Sea [or Erythrean Sea; or Sea of Reeds; or Yam Suf; accept Indian Ocean during the first sentence ONLY and do not accept it thereafter]", "page": "Red_Sea", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9baa0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93167, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 217], [218, 341], [342, 496], [497, 585], [586, 669]], "first_sentence": "This geographic feature was closed to Christians by traders called Karimi after Reynaud of Chatillon irked them.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The nature of this condition was debated by Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg. In an essay on this condition, a University of Rochester historian describes how \"the happy hooker\" replaced Horatio Alger as the image of success. Robert Raskin and Calvin Hall designed a test for it where subjects choose between statements like \"Compliments embarrass me\" and \"I like to be complimented.\" In a book subtitled American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations, Christopher Lasch argued that postwar America is defined by a \"culture of\" this condition. Sigmund Freud's 1914 paper On this conditon popularized its name, and DSM-5 includes \"largely superficial\" relationships and a \"pervasive pattern of grandiosity\" among its indicators. For 10 points, name this disorder of excessive vanity, named for a man from Greek myth.", "answer": "narcissism [or narcissistic personality disorder; or pathological narcissism; or cultural narcissism; prompt on reasonable synonyms such as \"egocentrism\" or \"megalomania\" until \"Diminishing\" is read", "page": "Narcissism", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9baa1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93168, "tokenizations": [[0, 74], [75, 222], [223, 380], [380, 545], [546, 729], [730, 817]], "first_sentence": "The nature of this condition was debated by Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The fondness of a leader of this party for a certain flower inspired the creation of the Primrose League, which is dedicated to spreading its influence. A document summarizing this party's principles warned that future legislation had potential to cause \"a perpetual vortex of agitation.\" After the elevation of another man to a Lordship, Stafford Northcote led this party in the Commons. This party ran a short-lived government called the \"Who? Who?\" Ministry under the Earl of Derby, and the Tamworth Manifesto, distinguished it from a predecessor led by the Duke of Wellington. This party was also led by a man who organized Britain's purchase of the Suez Canal and had a rivalry with William Gladstone. For 10 points, name this British political party of Robert Peel and Benjamin Disraeli.", "answer": "Conservative Party [or Conservative and Unionist Party; or Tory Party; or Tories]", "page": "Conservative_Party_(UK)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9baa2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93169, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 288], [289, 388], [389, 445], [446, 450], [450, 580], [581, 706], [707, 793]], "first_sentence": "The fondness of a leader of this party for a certain flower inspired the creation of the Primrose League, which is dedicated to spreading its influence.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Along with five ammonia ligands, this molecule is bonded to a ruthenium(II) [two] metal center in a new complex prepared by Allen and Senoff in 1965. As a ligand, this molecule exhibits weak sigma-donation and strong pi backbonding. When silver(I) [one] oxide is added, this gas is evolved in the Arndt-Eistert homologation of carboxylic acids. When ketones are used as the starting product for the Schmidt reaction, this gas is evolved. This gas is also released as a byproduct of the Sandmeyer reactions. In plants, it binds to a molybdenum-containing enzyme. This gas can be produced by just heating diazonium salts or azides. This gas is often used as an alternative to argon for the creation of inert atmospheres. For 10 points, name this most common gas in Earth's atmosphere.", "answer": "dinitrogen gas [or N2]", "page": "Nitrogen", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9baa3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93170, "tokenizations": [[0, 75], [76, 149], [150, 232], [233, 344], [345, 437], [438, 506], [507, 561], [562, 629], [630, 718], [719, 782]], "first_sentence": "Along with five ammonia ligands, this molecule is bonded to a ruthenium(II)", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Most scholars identify this deity with a figure named Saga who dwells in Sokkvabekk. Along with a servant, this deity helped to heal the horse of Phol. Hlin and Syn serve this figure, who told the women of Winnili to cover their faces with hair, thus helping to found the Lombards. Two other servants of this deity, who ride the horse Hofvarpnir and carry shoes respectively, are Gna and Fulla. At the hall Fensalir, this goddess spins the clouds on a loom. Loki accused this goddess of having affairs with Vili and Ve. After this goddess sent Hermod on a mission to Hel, the giantess Thokk refused to weep for her dead son because this goddess failed to get an oath from mistletoe to remain harmless. For 10 points, name this Norse goddess, the mother of Baldur and wife of Odin.", "answer": ": Frigga [or Fricka; accept Frija with the standard English \"j\" sound; do not accept \"Freya\"]", "page": "Frigg", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9baa4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93171, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 151], [152, 281], [282, 394], [395, 457], [458, 519], [520, 701], [702, 780]], "first_sentence": "Most scholars identify this deity with a figure named Saga who dwells in Sokkvabekk.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Horatio Parker won a prize commissioned by this city for his opera Fairyland. With Artie Mason Carter, Philadelphia's Christine Stevenson founded a musical venue in this city with the goal of performing \"Symphonies Under the Stars.\" Mark Swed criticized the \"tyranny of technology\" in the form of large LED screens installed in one venue in this city. Bassist Charles Mingus was raised largely in this city, where the Finnish-born Esa-Pekka Salonen began conducting at age 27. The mirror-like walls of the Founders Room of a concert hall in this city originally produced dangerous blinding glare. Inexpensive classical music performances are given at a natural amphitheater in this city known as the Bowl. For 10 points, name this city home to the Frank Gehry-designed Walt Disney Concert Hall.", "answer": "Los Angeles, California", "page": "Los_Angeles", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9baa5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93172, "tokenizations": [[0, 77], [78, 232], [233, 351], [352, 476], [477, 596], [597, 705], [706, 794]], "first_sentence": "Horatio Parker won a prize commissioned by this city for his opera Fairyland.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One poem by this author describes an island \"long unknown and yet far kinder than our own\" that produces figs, melons, and pomegranates. This poet laments the practice of men carving their beloveds' names into trees in a poem that states \"no white nor red was ever seen / so am'rous as this lovely green.\" Still another poem by this author of \"Bermudas\" praises a man who \"ruin[ed] the great work of time\" and \"cast the kingdom old / into another mould.\" The speaker of a fourth poem by this author of \"The Garden\" declares, \"I would / Love you ten years before the Flood / And you should, if you please, refuse / Till the conversion of the Jews.\" For 10 points, name this 17th-century British poet of \"An Horatian Ode Upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland\" and \"To His Coy Mistress.\"", "answer": "Andrew Marvell", "page": "Andrew_Marvell", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9baa6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93173, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 305], [306, 453], [453, 454], [455, 573], [574, 613], [614, 646], [646, 761], [761, 782]], "first_sentence": "One poem by this author describes an island \"long unknown and yet far kinder than our own\" that produces figs, melons, and pomegranates.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This eventual state's first territorial governor, Isaac Stevens, presided over settlers led by half-black pioneer George Washington Bush. An aviator coincidentally named Harry Truman refused to evacuate this home state of the Yakama tribe. A Supreme Court case originating in this state overturned Adkins v. Children's Hospital via Owen Roberts's \"switch in time\" saving a minimum-wage law. Plutonium for the Fat Man bomb was produced at this state's Hanford site. Police in this state attacked splinter groups such as DAN, who formed an anarchist \"black bloc\" at 1999 protests against the World Trade Organization. Elsie Parrish sued the West Coast Hotel in this state, where Spirit Lake was destroyed in a 1980 disaster. For 10 points, name this state where Mount St. Helens erupted.", "answer": "State of Washington", "page": "Washington_(state)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9baa7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93174, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 239], [240, 390], [391, 464], [465, 615], [616, 722], [723, 785]], "first_sentence": "This eventual state's first territorial governor, Isaac Stevens, presided over settlers led by half-black pioneer George Washington Bush.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Drugs treating some forms of this condition include Mircera and Aranesp. This condition can be caused by deficiencies of triosephosphate isomerase, pyruvate kinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The presence of Heinz bodies accompanies several potential causes of this condition. Although it's not gastritis, autoimmune destruction of parietal cells causes one type of this condition, and another type of this condition is characterized by the production of spherocytes. Some forms of this condition are treated with ESAs, or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Some causes of this condition confer resistance to malaria, and it is commonly caused by iron deficiency. For 10 points, name this condition affecting red blood cells that comes in \"pernicious\" and \"sickle-cell\" varieties.", "answer": "anemia [or more specific types like pernicious anemia, hemolytic anemia, iron-deficiency anemia, and sickle-cell anemia]", "page": "Anemia", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9baa8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93175, "tokenizations": [[0, 72], [73, 203], [204, 288], [289, 479], [480, 569], [570, 675], [676, 792]], "first_sentence": "Drugs treating some forms of this condition include Mircera and Aranesp.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this language, a first book on rightness, a second book on expediency, and a third book on the conflict between rightness and expediency make up a treatise On Moral Duties. At the end of a political theory text in this language, a general dreams of his grandfather's spirit showing him nine spheres full of stars. A six-book philosophical poem in this language concluded that the mind and soul dissolve quickly after their conjoined body dies, and popularized an older idea that free will derives from the unpredictable \"swerve\" of atoms falling in an infinite void. That poem, On the Nature of Things, was rediscovered by Poggio in 1417. For 10 points, name this language used by Lucretius, in which the \"Dream of Scipio\" was written to conclude De Re Publica by Cicero.", "answer": "Latin [or lingua latina]", "page": "Latin", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414837ea23cc9417e9baa9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93176, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 316], [317, 569], [570, 641], [642, 774]], "first_sentence": "In this language, a first book on rightness, a second book on expediency, and a third book on the conflict between rightness and expediency make up a treatise On Moral Duties.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A G minor piece by this composer begins with an ascending arpeggiated A-flat major chord beginning on C and played by both hands an octave apart, then transitions into 6/4 time to introduce the first theme. Towards the end of another of his pieces, the right hand rapidly and repeatedly plays C-flat, B-flat, C-natural, A before resolving into E-flat major chords, first broken, then blocked. This composer's posthumous Op. 72 includes a set of three brief \u00c3\u00a9cossaises. He proceeded via the circle of fifths through all the major and minor keys with his Op. 28 set of 24 standalone preludes. The third movement of his Piano Sonata No. 2 in B-flat minor is a well-known funeral march. For 10 points, name this Romantic pianist whose many mazurkas and polonaises built on traditional forms from his homeland, Poland.", "answer": "Frederic Chopin", "page": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric_Chopin", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9baaa", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93177, "tokenizations": [[0, 206], [207, 392], [393, 423], [424, 469], [470, 557], [558, 591], [592, 683], [684, 814]], "first_sentence": "A G minor piece by this composer begins with an ascending arpeggiated A-flat major chord beginning on C and played by both hands an octave apart, then transitions into 6/4 time to introduce the first theme.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In Shinto myth, a god's arm turns into an icicle during an instance of this activity when it is used to decide the ruler of Japan by Takemikazuchi and Takeminakata. In the Mahabharata, Krishna uses a blade of grass to demonstrate to Bhima how he can defeat Jarasandha in this activity. A Libyan giant uses the skulls of his victims in this activity to build a temple to his father Poseidon. In the Prose Edda, Elli is an old hag who is able to defeat Thor in this because she is a personification of old age. Atalanta defeats Peleus in this, and Heracles kills a practitioner of it in midair because he draws his strength from the earth. The giant Antaeus kills travelers after challenging them to this athletic competition. For 10 points, name this activity invented by the Shinto gods in its \"sumo\" form.", "answer": "wrestling [accept sumo wrestling; prompt on \"combat,\" \"fighting,\" etc.]", "page": "Wrestling", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9baab", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93178, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 285], [286, 390], [391, 508], [509, 637], [638, 724], [725, 806]], "first_sentence": "In Shinto myth, a god's arm turns into an icicle during an instance of this activity when it is used to decide the ruler of Japan by Takemikazuchi and Takeminakata.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a play by this author, the young boy Joas is hidden in a temple to escape the murder of his siblings by the title queen so that he may survive to become king of the Jews. This author included the nobly-born servants Cleone and Cephisa in another play. This author of Athalie used a meter with a caesura in the middle of each line to write a monologue relating how a prince's horses were frightened by a bull-dragon which arose from the sea off-stage. He used that alexandrine verse to adapt a plot in which Helen's daughter Hermione loves Pyrrhus, and another plot also derived from Euripides in which Aricie is treated like a daughter after Hippolytus is accused of raping his stepmother. For 10 points, name this 17th-century French playwright of Andromache and Ph\u00c3\u00a8dre.", "answer": "Jean Racine", "page": "Jean_Racine", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9baac", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93179, "tokenizations": [[0, 173], [174, 254], [255, 453], [454, 692], [693, 775]], "first_sentence": "In a play by this author, the young boy Joas is hidden in a temple to escape the murder of his siblings by the title queen so that he may survive to become king of the Jews.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This book rejects Spinozist pantheism in its chapter on \"Epiphilosophy\" at the very end of its last volume. This work posits that people have a unique \"twofold knowledge\" of their own bodies, which they see both as \"object among objects\" and as an \"inside self.\" Nietzsche drew on this book's idea that people become self-aware via a \"principle of individuation\" which also explains space and time. This book says that we can only transcend blind striving through art or ascetic self-denial. Inspired by the recently-translated Hindu Upanishads, it revised Kant's view of the noumenon by claiming that that only one Ding an sich, or thing-in-itself, pervades the universe. For 10 points, name this book about two aspects of the cosmos, the pessimistic magnum opus of Arthur Schopenhauer.", "answer": "The World as Will and Representation [or The World as Will and Idea; or Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung]", "page": "The_World_as_Will_and_Representation", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9baae", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93181, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 261], [261, 398], [399, 491], [492, 672], [673, 787]], "first_sentence": "This book rejects Spinozist pantheism in its chapter on \"Epiphilosophy\" at the very end of its last volume.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During an attempt to end one of these events, a small village was mistakenly raided after a s\u00c3\u00a9ance used a Ouija board to spell out the name \"Gradoli.\" As part of Operation Panzerfaust, Otto Skorzeny orchestrated one of these events inspired by the carpet scene from Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra, which targeted the son of Miklos Horthy. 86 letters were written to various politicians and Pope Paul VI during one of these events which caused the end of the Historic Compromise. A third one was orchestrated by the Ch\u00c3\u00a9nier Cell, prompting Trudeau to invoke the War Measures Act. One of these events led to the execution of the leader of the Christian Democrats by Red Brigades. For 10 points, name these events in which people like Pierre Laporte and Aldo Moro are taken and held for ransom.", "answer": "kidnappings [or abductions; or hostage takings; or hostage crises; prompt on \"killings,\" \"murders,\" \"executions,\" etc.]", "page": "Kidnapping", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9baaf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93182, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 336], [337, 476], [477, 577], [578, 676], [677, 790]], "first_sentence": "During an attempt to end one of these events, a small village was mistakenly raided after a s\u00c3\u00a9ance used a Ouija board to spell out the name \"Gradoli.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One modification of a reaction developed by this scientist reacts an allylic ether or thioether with a ketene to form an unsaturated ester or thioester. Another modification of the same reaction developed by this man forms gamma, delta-unsaturated carboxylic acids from the rearrangement of deprotonated allylic acetates, and is named for Ireland and this scientist. This man also names a reaction used in the first step in the mevalonate pathway, which forms the molecule acetoacetyl-CoA. Unsaturated ketones are formed from allyl vinyl ethers in this man's rearrangement, a variant of the Cope rearrangement. Dieckmann names an intramolecular version of this man's most famous reaction. For 10 points, name this German chemist whose namesake condensation of two esters forms beta-keto-esters.", "answer": "Rainer Ludwig Claisen", "page": "Rainer_Ludwig_Claisen", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bab0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93183, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 366], [367, 610], [611, 688], [689, 794]], "first_sentence": "One modification of a reaction developed by this scientist reacts an allylic ether or thioether with a ketene to form an unsaturated ester or thioester.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "He's not Maxentius, but a supporter of this man was captured at the Milvian Bridge by Caius Pomtinus, and was named Titus Volturcius. Some allies of this man were strangled by cords in the Tullian dungeon; another ally of his had Publius Umbrenus try to gain the support of the Allobroges, who revealed his plans instead. This man may have bribed Quintus Lutatius Catulus to testify for him during his trial for adultery with a Vestal Virgin. In one speech this man was asked, \"How long...will you abuse our patience?\" before he died fighting at the Battle of Pistoria. This subject of a history by Sallust inspired the exclamation \"O tempora! O mores!\" in the first of four speeches against him by Cicero. For 10 points, name this leader of a 63 BC conspiracy to overthrow the Roman Republic.", "answer": "Catiline [or Lucius Sergius Catilina]", "page": "Catiline", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bab1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93184, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 321], [322, 442], [443, 569], [570, 643], [644, 653], [654, 706], [707, 793]], "first_sentence": "He's not Maxentius, but a supporter of this man was captured at the Milvian Bridge by Caius Pomtinus, and was named Titus Volturcius.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "When a character in one of this author's novels insists that her mother is with God, her sister pushes her off a wall. That character created by this author is routinely raped by Richard, who keeps her silence by threatening to turn in the radical author Alex. Another of this author's protagonists is abandoned by his mother, who takes away Killer, his pet rakunk; that character created by this author later takes a lover later in life who had been forced into child pornography after the murder of Uncle En. This author also wrote a novel in which increasing female sterility forces men such as the Commander to hire concubines like Offred [\"of Fred\"] in the Republic of Gilead. For 10 points, name this Canadian feminist author of The Blind Assassin, Oryx and Crake, and The Handmaid's Tale.", "answer": "Margaret Eleanor Atwood", "page": "Margaret_Atwood", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bab2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93185, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 260], [261, 510], [511, 681], [682, 795]], "first_sentence": "When a character in one of this author's novels insists that her mother is with God, her sister pushes her off a wall.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The de Jager model for this phenomenon overpredicts it in OB-type stars. That \"weak\" problem with this phenomenon cannot be explained by its namesake clumping or by the broadening of P Cygni profiles, which is indicative of line-driving processes causing this phenomenon. Some luminous blue variables, like Eta Carinae, exhibit bubbles named after this phenomenon. Other stars that exhibit this phenomenon lose their nitrogen lines as it occurs, resulting in a transition from WN to WC classification; those are Wolf-Rayet stars. Near us, it manifests as Parker spirals and its interaction with the magnetosphere allows aurorae to be visible on the Earth's surface. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which charged particles are ejected from a star's surface.", "answer": "stellar wind [or solar wind]", "page": "Stellar_wind", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bab3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93186, "tokenizations": [[0, 72], [73, 271], [272, 364], [365, 529], [530, 665], [666, 763]], "first_sentence": "The de Jager model for this phenomenon overpredicts it in OB-type stars.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Reactions to unresponsive examples of these figures were studied in Edward Tronick's still-face experiments. One of these figures is moved into and out of a room in Mary Ainsworth's \"strange situation\" procedure. An experiment found that a drumming toy bear elicited a higher emotionality score in animals in the absence of one of these figures. One scientist discovered that mallards will treat farmyard ducks, but not muscovy ducks, as one of these. Due to \"contact comfort,\" cloth is more effective than wire mesh for creating replacements of them for rhesus macaques. Konrad Lorenz found that, in the critical period, greylag goslings can become attached to a substitute for one via imprinting. For 10 points, name these relatives, which Harry Harlow's experiments replaced with milk-dispensing surrogates.", "answer": "mothers [or parents; accept surrogate mothers or surrogate parents before \"surrogates\" is read]", "page": "Mother", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bab4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93187, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 212], [213, 345], [346, 451], [452, 571], [572, 698], [699, 810]], "first_sentence": "Reactions to unresponsive examples of these figures were studied in Edward Tronick's still-face experiments.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a poetic passage named for this person, a cowardly tribe is asked \"Why abodest thou among the sheepfolds, to hear the bleatings of the flocks?\" and a mother cries through a window lattice, \"Why is his chariot so long in coming?\" This spouse of Lappidoth foresaw the need for ten thousand men to march to Mount Tabor for a battle whose loser was killed by a Kenite woman hammering a tent peg through the temple. That murder by Jael validated this person, who accompanied Barak upon suggesting a campaign against Sisera's iron chariots. This namesake of a poetic Hebrew \"Song\" sat under a palm tree between Ramah and Bethel to settle disputes before Gideon rose to prominence in a set of twelve pre-monarchical leaders. For 10 points, name this only female judge of the Israelites.", "answer": "Deborah [or D'vorah]", "page": "Deborah", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bab5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93188, "tokenizations": [[0, 231], [232, 413], [414, 537], [538, 720], [721, 782]], "first_sentence": "In a poetic passage named for this person, a cowardly tribe is asked \"Why abodest thou among the sheepfolds, to hear the bleatings of the flocks?\" and a mother cries through a window lattice, \"Why is his chariot so long in coming?\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A variant of this experiment used atoms of rubidium-57 and rubidium-87 with a standing wave tuned resonantly to the rubidium D1-line. Another variant of this experiment fired a Scout D rocket from Wallops Island, with an atomic hydrogen maser on board. Modified in the Vissot-Levine experiment, this study used the cone of a loudspeaker to vary the frequency of photons with initial energies of 14.4 kilo-electron volts, and was based on the principle that atoms cannot absorb photons emitted by the same species if they have been Doppler-shifted. Relying on the Mossbauer effect, this experiment used a helium-filled Mylar bag placed between two iron-57 samples and measured gravitational redshift. For 10 points, name this study conducted in the tower of Harvard's Jefferson Laboratory to verify general relativity.", "answer": "Pound-Rebka experiment", "page": "Pound\u2013Rebka_experiment", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bab6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93189, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 252], [253, 547], [548, 699], [700, 817]], "first_sentence": "A variant of this experiment used atoms of rubidium-57 and rubidium-87 with a standing wave tuned resonantly to the rubidium D1-line.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The A-flat major tonality of this character's Act II duet recurs in her last aria, which resolves the earlier scene with a B major tonic chord bringing the opera to a close. Wilhelm Furtw\u00c3\u00a4ngler conducted a famous 1952 recording of this role sung by Kirsten Flagstad, who sang the role seventy-three times at the Metropolitan Opera between 1935 and 1941. The composer paired an orchestral version of this character's final aria with the opera's prelude as a promotional concert piece, which is still popular today. She sings the aria \"Mild und leise wie er l\u00c3\u00a4chelt\" after the arrival of her fianc\u00c3\u00a9, King Marke, in a scene commonly referred to as the \"Liebestod,\" meaning her \"Love-Death.\" For 10 points, name this heroine of an Arthurian Wagner opera who falls in love with Tristan.", "answer": "Isolde", "page": "Iseult", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bab7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93190, "tokenizations": [[0, 173], [174, 354], [355, 514], [515, 690], [691, 784]], "first_sentence": "The A-flat major tonality of this character's Act II duet recurs in her last aria, which resolves the earlier scene with a B major tonic chord bringing the opera to a close.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a poem by this man, a group appears at first \"like the leaves of the forest when Summer is green\" but then \"when Autumn hath blown.\" That poem by this man describes a rider lying \"distorted and pale / With the dew on his brow, and the rust on his mail.\" This poet also described a woman with \"a mind at peace with all below.\" This man wrote a poem in anapestic tetrameter to evoke the galloping of horses, in which attackers' spears are likened to \"stars on the sea\" but become useless after \"the Angel of Death spread his wings\u00c2\u2026and breathed in the face of the foe.\" For 10 points, name this poet who wrote about an Assyrian king who \"came down like the wolf on the fold\" in \"The Destruction of Sennacherib\" and about a woman who moves \"like the night\" in \"She Walks in Beauty.\"", "answer": "Lord Byron [or George Gordon, Lord Byron]", "page": "Lord_Byron", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bab8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93191, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 203], [204, 255], [255, 327], [327, 570], [571, 782]], "first_sentence": "In a poem by this man, a group appears at first \"like the leaves of the forest when Summer is green\" but then \"when Autumn hath blown.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a ceiling painting by this artist, four saints occupy four sections that are divided by red lines decorated with fruit, around a centerpiece showing a head with three faces. A portrait by this artist shows Cerberus lurking behind the nude Orpheus, who holds a violin and turns to face the viewer. The Miracle of the Brazen Serpent is one of the Biblical scenes this artist painted in the Palazzo Vecchio's chapel dedicated to Eleanor of Toledo, the wife of his patron Cosimo de' Medici. This man used a deep blue cloth for the background of a work in which an hourglass appears on the back of an old man, the serpent-tailed and woman-headed Deceit holds a honeycomb, Jealousy clutches her head in agony, and two nude deities embrace. For 10 points, name this Mannerist painter of Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time.", "answer": "Il Bronzino [or Agnolo Bronzino; or Agnolo di Cosimo]", "page": "Bronzino", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bab9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93192, "tokenizations": [[0, 176], [177, 299], [300, 489], [490, 736], [737, 813]], "first_sentence": "In a ceiling painting by this artist, four saints occupy four sections that are divided by red lines decorated with fruit, around a centerpiece showing a head with three faces.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A letter written after this event by one-time Alaskan Independence Party leader Wally Hickel led to Hickel's firing as Secretary of the Interior. A 2010 forensic study into the Strubbe tape implied that Terry Norman provoked this event, which helped inspire the unrest of New York's Hard Hat Riot four days later. The Scranton Commission investigated this event. Governor Jim Rhodes threatened martial law in the run-up to this event, whose aftermath was shown in John Filo's photograph of a kneeling woman screaming. This event happened near Blanket Hill in the Prentice Hall parking lot, as its victims protested Nixon's decision to expand the Vietnam War into Cambodia. For ten points, name this 1970 massacre in which members of the Ohio National Guard killed four college students.", "answer": "Kent State University shootings [or Kent State massacre]", "page": "Kent_State_shootings", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9baba", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93193, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 313], [314, 362], [363, 517], [518, 672], [673, 786]], "first_sentence": "A letter written after this event by one-time Alaskan Independence Party leader Wally Hickel led to Hickel's firing as Secretary of the Interior.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This country's Titov Veles district is known for its high quality opium. A campaign to build nationalist monuments in this country is known as antiquisation. The Golem Grad, home to ruined churches and thousands of snakes, can be found in this country's majority portion of Lake Prespa. Using Motorola's Canopy technology, this country was the first to achieve nationwide wireless broadband. In 1995, this country was forced to remove a 16-rayed sun from its flag, as part of a dispute that still keeps it out of the EU. This country was forced to use a name abbreviated FYROM when it joined the UN. Lake Ohrid lies on this country's border with Albania. For 10 points, name this country that disputes a national identity with Greece, a former Yugoslav republic with capital at Skopje.", "answer": "Macedonia [or Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; accept FYROM [\"fie\"-rahm] before it is mentioned]", "page": "Republic_of_Macedonia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9babb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93194, "tokenizations": [[0, 72], [73, 157], [158, 286], [287, 391], [392, 520], [521, 599], [600, 654], [655, 785]], "first_sentence": "This country's Titov Veles district is known for its high quality opium.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this story, an old professor who has had too much to drink says that the title character \"is already qualified to fill a professor's chair,\" though he declines to share \"other absurd rumors.\" The title character of this story has a voice as \"rich as a tropical sunset,\" which causes the protagonist to \"think of deep hues of purple or crimson, and of perfumes heavily delectable.\" This story's narrator watches a drop of dew that falls and kills a lizard near a shrub bearing a \"profusion of purple blossoms.\" Eventually, Professor Baglioni convinces Giovanni to give the title Padua resident a cup of medicine to counteract her father's experimentation, but it kills her. For 10 points, name this short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne about Beatrice, who becomes as poisonous as the plants she tends.", "answer": "\"Rappaccini's Daughter\"", "page": "Rappaccini's_Daughter", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9babc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93195, "tokenizations": [[0, 193], [193, 383], [384, 511], [511, 675], [676, 801]], "first_sentence": "In this story, an old professor who has had too much to drink says that the title character \"is already qualified to fill a professor's chair,\" though he declines to share \"other absurd rumors.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This leader welcomed war as a \"nice electrical shock\" to his nationality after a neighbor country impounded a merchant steamer with one of his territorial governors aboard. This man's governess Mariana de Verna dominated as part of the Courtier Faction. Peasants who feared higher taxes from this man's enforcement of the metric system broke scales and weights in public. This husband of Teresa Cristina of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies put down the Praieira Revolt in Pernambuco. This man abdicated due to Deodoro da Fonseca's republican coup. He sent armies under the Duke of Caxias to help fight Francisco Solano Lopez in the War of the Triple Alliance. For 10 points, name this man whose daughter Isabel signed the Golden Law to end slavery, the second and final emperor of Brazil.", "answer": "Dom Pedro II", "page": "Pedro_II_of_Brazil", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9babd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93196, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 253], [254, 371], [372, 478], [479, 504], [505, 542], [543, 654], [655, 783]], "first_sentence": "This leader welcomed war as a \"nice electrical shock\" to his nationality after a neighbor country impounded a merchant steamer with one of his territorial governors aboard.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 1997, this city's Otherside Lounge lesbian bar was the target of a bombing. A park in this city houses a statue of a woman holding aloft a phoenix, titled for [This city] from the Ashes. In addition to Woodruff Park, this city is home to Piedmont Park, which hosts the annual Music Midtown festival. After Chicago and New York, this city has the 3rd tallest building in America, the Bank of America Plaza. Security guard Richard Jewell was wrongly accused of a series of bombings in this city, which Eric Robert Rudolph actually committed in its Centennial Olympic Park. The central Five Points stop connects four lines of its MARTA subway system. This city's Hartsfield-Jackson airport is the busiest in the world, and its outskirts house the CDC headquarters. For 10 points, name this capital of Georgia.", "answer": "Atlanta, Georgia", "page": "Atlanta", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9babe", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93197, "tokenizations": [[0, 78], [79, 189], [190, 302], [303, 408], [409, 573], [574, 650], [651, 764], [765, 809]], "first_sentence": "In 1997, this city's Otherside Lounge lesbian bar was the target of a bombing.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This process can be induced in cells by sodium deoxycholate or NP-40. In another context, the Rz and Rz1 proteins help induce this process. Gram-positive bacteria undergo this process when acted upon by an enzyme present in hen egg white also known as muramidase. In protists, this process is continually averted by the action of acidocalcisomes in tandem with contractile vacuoles. This process occurs when a cell is placed in an excessively hypotonic solution. A viral reproduction cycle named for the fact that it causes the host cell to undergo this process is contrasted with the lysogenic cycle. For 10 points, name this general process in which a cell is destroyed via the rupturing of its membrane.", "answer": "lysis [or cytolysis; or osmotic lysis; or lytic cycle; prompt on \"bursting\" or \"cell disruption\"]", "page": "Lysis", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9babf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93198, "tokenizations": [[0, 69], [70, 139], [140, 263], [264, 382], [383, 462], [463, 601], [602, 706]], "first_sentence": "This process can be induced in cells by sodium deoxycholate or NP-40.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A great-grandson of this man fought with Goffarius of Aquitane and was accompanied to Albion by Corineus, namesake of Cornwall. This man wins a fight after a shrieking bird flies around his enemy, terrifying that enemy. This man is given ships by Tarchon, and Cymodocea leads some sea nymphs which had formerly been his ships. According to Geoffrey of Monmouth, a great-grandson of this man named Brutus was the first king of the Britons. This man stabs an enemy upon seeing a belt taken from this man's dead companion, Pallas. Hector appears to this figure in a dream, telling him to flee, but his wife Creusa dies in the attempt. This killer of Turnus was the father of Ascanius. For 10 points, name this Trojan hero who fled to Italy and became ancestor to the Romans.", "answer": "Aeneas", "page": "Aeneas", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bac0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93199, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 219], [220, 326], [327, 438], [439, 527], [528, 631], [632, 681], [682, 771]], "first_sentence": "A great-grandson of this man fought with Goffarius of Aquitane and was accompanied to Albion by Corineus, namesake of Cornwall.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "people died when this country's Ojhri ammunition depot exploded, in what may have been a cover-up of its westward sale of Stinger missiles. Another country's Operation Brasstacks military drill antagonized this country. U.S. ambassador Arnold Raphel died with a leader of this country in a C-130 Hercules crash after the \"Doctrine of Necessity\" defended a coup called Operation Fair Play here. This country lost most of the \"world's highest battlefield,\" the Siachen glacier, in a 2003 ceasefire. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq supported scientist A.Q. Khan while leading this country, which aided the anti-Soviet Operation Cyclone by sending in its intelligence agency, the ISI. For 10 points, name this nation with nuclear weapons, once led by Zulfikar Ali and Benazir of the Bhutto family.", "answer": "Islamic Republic of Pakistan [or Islamiya Jumhuriya-yi Pakistan]", "page": "Pakistan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bac1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93200, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 219], [220, 393], [394, 496], [497, 668], [669, 781]], "first_sentence": "people died when this country's Ojhri ammunition depot exploded, in what may have been a cover-up of its westward sale of Stinger missiles.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The seventh book of this text claims that the phrase \"pale man\" is not a unified definition of anything, even though we can use a single word such as \"cloak\" to refer only to pale men. Its opening paragraph claims that we delight in senses like vision since \"All men by nature desire to know.\" Its twelfth book posits a thought which is a thinking on thinking. This text claims that a potential principle of matter and an actual principle of form combine to make up each \"primary substance.\" Aquinas's Summa Theologica equates God with the \"unmoved mover\" in this text, which was originally presented after notes on the nature of change and movement towards a telos. For 10 points, name this study of \"being qua being\" by Aristotle, whose name now graces a subfield of \"first philosophy.\"", "answer": "Metaphysics [or ta meta ta physika; or Metaphysica; accept any answer indicating the writings on, or notes from lectures about, metaphysics attributed to Aristotle]", "page": "Metaphysics", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bac2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93201, "tokenizations": [[0, 184], [185, 292], [292, 293], [294, 360], [361, 491], [492, 666], [667, 788]], "first_sentence": "The seventh book of this text claims that the phrase \"pale man\" is not a unified definition of anything, even though we can use a single word such as \"cloak\" to refer only to pale men.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "For aqueous solutions with a solute mole fraction less than 1%, the Szyskowski equation can be used to compute this value. In the Gibbs isotherm, the value capital gamma-sub-i for each solute is equal to minus one over RT times the partial derivative of this value with respect to the natural-log concentration of that solute, keeping P and T constant. For two adjacent bubbles of unequal radii, the pressure difference between the bubbles is equal to twice this value times the difference in reciprocal radii of the bubbles. Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, this value is given by the partial derivative of Gibbs free energy with respect to area. This quantity varies inversely with volume to the two-thirds power in Eotvos's rule. For 10 points, name this elastic tendency of liquids to contract in surface area.", "answer": "surface tension", "page": "Surface_tension", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bac3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93202, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 352], [353, 525], [526, 669], [670, 754], [755, 836]], "first_sentence": "For aqueous solutions with a solute mole fraction less than 1%, the Szyskowski equation can be used to compute this value.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This novel's protagonist wonders whether a new acquaintance is French due to her pronunciation of \"du bout des doigts,\" after that other character plays Schubert on the piano at a dying man's house. A character in this novel is sent to a nunnery by her father as punishment because she wished to marry Edward Rosier instead of a wealthier suitor. In this novel, a character who is dying of a lung disease convinces his father to leave half of his own inheritance to the protagonist, in order to grant her independence. Lord Warburton and Caspar Goodwood both propose to this novel's protagonist, who finds that her supposed confidante Madame Merle once had an affair with her husband, Gilbert Osmond. For 10 points, Isabel Archer is the title woman of what novel by Henry James?", "answer": "The Portrait of a Lady", "page": "The_Portrait_of_a_Lady", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bac4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93203, "tokenizations": [[0, 198], [199, 346], [347, 518], [519, 700], [701, 778]], "first_sentence": "This novel's protagonist wonders whether a new acquaintance is French due to her pronunciation of \"du bout des doigts,\" after that other character plays Schubert on the piano at a dying man's house.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A G major piece in this genre begins with a short trill on B, followed by the notes E-D-B. Brahms's first piece in this genre incorporates a dotted figure from his songs \"Regenlied\" and \"Nachklang,\" and his three compositions in this genre are in G Major, A Major, and D Minor. A lengthy F major Andante con variazioni is the second movement of an A major piece of this type originally dedicated to the mulatto George Bridgetower. Robert Schumann wrote the second and fourth movements of a piece in this genre on the letters \"F-A-E.\" An A major work in this genre, whose final movement is in the style of a tarantella, was written by Beethoven. For 10 points, name this genre of ten Beethoven pieces, including ones nicknamed \"Spring\" and \"Kreutzer,\" featuring a high-pitched string instrument.", "answer": "violin sonatas [or equivalents like sonatas for violin and piano; prompt on sonatas]", "page": "Violin_sonata", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bac5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93204, "tokenizations": [[0, 277], [278, 430], [431, 644], [645, 794]], "first_sentence": "A G major piece in this genre begins with a short trill on B, followed by the notes E-D-B. Brahms's first piece in this genre incorporates a dotted figure from his songs \"Regenlied\" and \"Nachklang,\" and his three compositions in this genre are in G Major, A Major, and D Minor.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This opera begins with the cellos playing the half notes D-A-G-A. A 1946 recording of this opera, often considered to be definitive, features Jacques Jansen and Ir\u00c3\u00a8ne Joachim conducted by Roger D\u00c3\u00a9sormi\u00c3\u00a8re. The third act of this opera begins with the female protagonist singing \"Mes longs cheveux descendent,\" after which the male protagonist ties her hair to a willow tree. The opening line of this opera's female protagonist is the repeated \"Ne me touchez pas!\" That character in this opera claims to have lost her wedding ring while gathering shells with a child who later tries to lift a boulder to get his golden ball. This opera ends with the second title character dying after being wounded by Arkel's grandson, Golaud. For 10 points, name this opera based on a Maurice Maeterlinck play, by Claude Debussy.", "answer": "Pell\u00c3\u00a9as and M\u00c3\u00a9lisande [or P\u00c3\u00a9ll\u00c3\u00a9as et M\u00c3\u00a9lisande]", "page": "Pell\u00e9as_and_M\u00e9lisande", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bac7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93206, "tokenizations": [[0, 208], [209, 376], [377, 465], [466, 625], [626, 728], [729, 815]], "first_sentence": "This opera begins with the cellos playing the half notes D-A-G-A. A 1946 recording of this opera, often considered to be definitive, features Jacques Jansen and Ir\u00c3\u00a8ne Joachim conducted by Roger D\u00c3\u00a9sormi\u00c3\u00a8re.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Niklas Luhmann extended this thinker's analysis of a problem in which communication cannot occur between two people when they will both base their behavior on the other. That problem of \"double contingency\" leads to the necessity of stability in this man's theory of interaction between ego and alter. Social choices are made using five axes, including the range between affective neutrality and affectivity, in this man's theory of \"pattern variables.\" Systems must fulfill integration, latency, goal attainment, and adaption according to this man, whose The Social System introduced the AGIL paradigm and pioneered structural-functionalism in sociology. For 10 points, name this American sociologist who formulated the \"unit act\" as part of the action theory presented in his The Structure of Social Action.", "answer": "Talcott Parsons", "page": "Talcott_Parsons", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bac8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93207, "tokenizations": [[0, 169], [170, 301], [302, 452], [452, 655], [656, 809]], "first_sentence": "Niklas Luhmann extended this thinker's analysis of a problem in which communication cannot occur between two people when they will both base their behavior on the other.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A song written in response to this event repeats the line, \"Don't make them have to take it away,\" and was banned from domestic airplay. After Home Secretary Reginald Mauling spoke about this event at the House of Commons, Bernadette Devlin was suspended for slapping him in the face. In 2007, Mike Jackson admitted some complicity in this event, at which he was second-in-command to Derek Wilford. The Saville Report accused Martin McGuinness of supplying nail bombs found at this event, whose perpetrators were exonerated by the Widgery Tribunal. Starting as a march to the Guildhall at Derry, this event occurred after the First Battalion of the Parachute Regiment went into Bogside. For 10 points, name this 1972 incident in Northern Ireland during which British troops fired on civilians.", "answer": "Bloody Sunday of 1972 [accept Bogside Massacre before mention]", "page": "Bloody_Sunday_(1972)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bac9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93208, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 284], [285, 398], [399, 548], [549, 686], [687, 793]], "first_sentence": "A song written in response to this event repeats the line, \"Don't make them have to take it away,\" and was banned from domestic airplay.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One poem by this author declares that while Luna \"had never proved / How vain a thing is mortal love,\" the addressee has proven the truth: \"Thou hast been, shalt be, art, alone.\" Another poem by this author declares that \"with echoing straits between us thrown / \u00c2\u2026 We mortal millions live alone.\" The speaker of a poem by this man describes his \"foot less prompt to meet the morning dew / The heart less bounding at emotion new.\" This author of the Marguerite poems used the line \"Are ye too changed, ye hills?\" to open an elegy mourning Arthur Hugh Clough. He described \"the long, withdrawing roar\" of the \"Sea of Faith\" in a poem that claims that \"Sophocles long ago\" heard the same sound \"on the Aegean.\" For 10 points, name this Victorian poet of \"Thyrsis\" and \"Dover Beach.\"", "answer": "Matthew Arnold", "page": "Matthew_Arnold", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9baca", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93209, "tokenizations": [[0, 178], [179, 260], [261, 265], [266, 296], [296, 297], [298, 389], [390, 429], [429, 430], [431, 511], [511, 558], [559, 708], [709, 780]], "first_sentence": "One poem by this author declares that while Luna \"had never proved / How vain a thing is mortal love,\" the addressee has proven the truth: \"Thou hast been, shalt be, art, alone.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An interlude about mining which interrupts this man's story states that wisdom \"cannot be valued with the gold of Ophir.\" A 1952 book, which claims the Sophia archetype helped God attain self-consciousness by incarnating as Jesus, is Carl Jung's Answer to this man. This man asks if he has stone strength or brass flesh shortly before saying his \"brethren have dealt deceitfully as a brook.\" A voice tells this man to \"gird [his] loins\" from within a whirlwind, asking him \"where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the Earth?\" This man gets rotating advice from Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar after his estate in Uz is destroyed and he is struck with boils due to a bet between God and Satan. For 10 points, name this pious namesake of an Old Testament book who nearly loses his faith in agony.", "answer": "Job [or 'Iyyov; accept Answer to Job]", "page": "Book_of_Job", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bacb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93210, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [120, 121], [122, 265], [266, 390], [390, 391], [392, 532], [533, 695], [696, 797]], "first_sentence": "An interlude about mining which interrupts this man's story states that wisdom \"cannot be valued with the gold of Ophir.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This group claims that they are \"unstable like Chernobyl\" in a song whose hook is hummed while a female backing vocalist says things like \"Earth, Jupiter, Mars\" and \"It's who you are.\" In another song, this group declares that they're \"forever hollerin' 'Hootie hoo'\" when they see cops. Besides \"Millenium\" and \"Slump,\" this group warns \"don't pull the thang out, unless you plan to bang\" in one song, and claims in another that \"mighty fine only got you somewhere half the time.\" They addressed a song to a girl who \"like to thank [her] shit don't stank\" and begins with the cry \"Caroline!\" This group behind \"B.O.B.\" and \"Roses\" sang \"I never meant to make your daughter cry\" in a song addressed to \"baby mamas' mamas.\" For 10 points, name this Atlanta hip hop duo which recorded \"Ms. Jackson\" and \"Hey Ya.\"", "answer": "Outkast", "page": "Outkast", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bacc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93211, "tokenizations": [[0, 184], [185, 255], [255, 287], [288, 480], [480, 592], [593, 722], [723, 810]], "first_sentence": "This group claims that they are \"unstable like Chernobyl\" in a song whose hook is hummed while a female backing vocalist says things like \"Earth, Jupiter, Mars\" and \"It's who you are.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The \"March of\" this object titled a rabidly imperialist campaign speech by Indiana senator Albert Beveridge after the Spanish-American War. A photograph of a white anti-busing protestor in Boston using one of these objects to attack a black lawyer earned Stanley Forman a Pulitzer Prize. The phrase \"Does the Constitution follow [this object]?\" is a common summary of the Insular Cases which arose from the occupied Philippines and Puerto Rico. \"Expressive conduct\" with one of these objects outside the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas was protected in the case Texas v. Johnson. This object appears on Mount Suribachi with five soldiers in Joe Rosenthal's photo of Iwo Jima. For 10 points, name this symbolic object to which American school children pledge allegiance.", "answer": "American flag [or the stars and stripes; or Old Glory; prompt on \"flagpole\"]", "page": "Flag_of_the_United_States", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bacd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93212, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 287], [288, 343], [343, 444], [445, 593], [594, 689], [690, 783]], "first_sentence": "The \"March of\" this object titled a rabidly imperialist campaign speech by Indiana senator Albert Beveridge after the Spanish-American War.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem written in this language is addressed to those who inspired a \"face that bends / over the altar of white paper.\" A second poem in this language is set in an \"inert town\" and opens many stanzas with \"At the end of daybreak.\" In a novel in this language, set during forty days of seclusion after the narrator's husband dies of a heart attack, Mrs. Fall writes So Long a Letter. Another author used this language for \"Prayer to the Masks,\" a poem in his Shadow Songs. Mariama Ba wrote in this language, in which a Shakespeare adaptation includes the demand \"Call me X!\" from the slave Caliban. For 10 points, identify this language in which Notebook of a Return to the Native Land exemplifies the anti-colonial N\u00c3\u00a9gritude movement of Leopold Senghor and the Martinique-born Aim\u00c3\u00a9 C\u00c3\u00a9saire.", "answer": "French [or fran\u00c3\u00a7ais]", "page": "French_language", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bace", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93213, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [118, 230], [231, 364], [365, 382], [383, 471], [472, 573], [574, 597], [598, 793]], "first_sentence": "A poem written in this language is addressed to those who inspired a \"face that bends / over the altar of white paper.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An Italian merchant named Giannino Baglioni claimed to be a member of this dynasty, but was captured on the march and died in prison in Naples. Princesses from this dynasty accused their sisters-in-law of infidelity in the Tour de Nesle Affair, which took place during the reign of a king who won the Battle of Mons en P\u00c3\u00a9v\u00c3\u00a8le to avenge a previous loss. Kings of this dynasty sent Andrew of Longjumeau and Rabban ben Sauma to set up an alliance with the Mongols, and it lost the Battle of the Golden Spurs. This dynasty also included a son of Blanche of Castile who was captured at the Battle of Fariskur during the Seventh Crusade, and who built the Sainte Chapelle. For 10 points, name this French dynasty that included Philip IV and Louis IX, which was founded in 987 by Hugh.", "answer": "House of Capet [or Capetians]", "page": "House_of_Capet", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414838ea23cc9417e9bacf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93214, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 354], [355, 507], [508, 668], [669, 780]], "first_sentence": "An Italian merchant named Giannino Baglioni claimed to be a member of this dynasty, but was captured on the march and died in prison in Naples.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These entities are a solution to a three-dimensional wave equation which itself is defined on the curl of the vector field of strain displacement. Because of this, their propagation obeys the continuity equation for incompressible media, and they cause no changes in volume. According to the Adams-Williamson equations, these waves have velocity equal to the square root of the shear modulus over the mass density. These waves can give rise to Love waves through interaction with a low-velocity surface zone. These waves cannot cross the Gutenburg core-mantle discontinuity; hence, their shadow zones after earthquakes provided evidence for a liquid outer core. For 10 points, name these transverse body waves generated during an earthquake that arrive after P-waves.", "answer": "S-waves [or secondary waves or shear waves; prompt on \"transverse waves\"]", "page": "S-wave", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bad0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93215, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 274], [275, 414], [415, 508], [509, 661], [662, 767]], "first_sentence": "These entities are a solution to a three-dimensional wave equation which itself is defined on the curl of the vector field of strain displacement.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 2012 interactive installation by Ann Hamilton featured 42 of these objects moving a large white curtain at the Park Avenue Armory. In a painting by Renoir, a man in a suit stands left of one of these objects opposite from a woman whose white dress has a string of blue bows running down its front. A painting titled for one, set in a lush garden decorated with lion fountains, shows a woman in a pink dress on its lower right using a telescope. The Wallace Collection houses a work alternately titled for the \"Happy Accidents\" of these objects, which features a statue of a cupid holding a finger to its lips on the left. That painting shows a slipper flying off the foot of a lady dressed in pink as a man in the bushes peeks up her skirt. For 10 points, name this conveyance used in the most famous painting of Jean-Honor\u00c3\u00a9 Fragonard.", "answer": "swings [or escarpolette; or balan\u00c3\u00a7oire]", "page": "Swing_(seat)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bad1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93216, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 299], [300, 446], [447, 623], [624, 742], [743, 838]], "first_sentence": "A 2012 interactive installation by Ann Hamilton featured 42 of these objects moving a large white curtain at the Park Avenue Armory.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Schiehallion experiment attempted to calculate the mean value of one example of this quantity by measuring a nearby mountain's effect on a pendulum. The time derivative of an operator named for this quantity is proportional to the commutator of the operator with the Hamiltonian, according to von Neumann. The expectation value of any observable of a system is equal to the trace of the product of the observable's operator with a matrix named for this quantity. For an electric field's energy, this quantity is given as vacuum permeability times electric field squared over two; for an ideal gas, it equals molar mass times pressure divided by the gas constant and temperature. For 10 points, name this value that can be measured using Archimedes' principle, which equals mass divided by volume.", "answer": "mass density [or density of the Earth; or density matrix; or density operator; or energy density]", "page": "Density", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bad2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93217, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 309], [310, 466], [467, 682], [683, 800]], "first_sentence": "The Schiehallion experiment attempted to calculate the mean value of one example of this quantity by measuring a nearby mountain's effect on a pendulum.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character recalls, \"I fumbled to the window to experience the world\" and states, \"I have heard my Madness chatter before day,\" towards the end of a mostly excised passage called his \"Pervigilium.\" This character describes \"voices dying with a dying fall\" and has a brief vision of \"lonely men in shirt-sleeves, leaning out of windows\" before describing a frightening vision of the \"eternal Footman\" holding his coat. This character compares himself to John the Baptist, Lazarus, and Prince Hamlet in succession after announcing, \"I should have been a pair of ragged claws scuttling across the floors of silent seas.\" This character opens with the line, \"Let us go then, you and I.\" For 10 points, name this aging title character of a dramatic monologue by T. S. Eliot called his \"Love Song.\"", "answer": "J. Alfred Prufrock [or J. Alfred Prufrock]", "page": "The_Love_Song_of_J._Alfred_Prufrock", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bad3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93218, "tokenizations": [[0, 201], [202, 421], [422, 620], [620, 686], [687, 796]], "first_sentence": "This character recalls, \"I fumbled to the window to experience the world\" and states, \"I have heard my Madness chatter before day,\" towards the end of a mostly excised passage called his \"Pervigilium.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The ancient name of a river in this modern-day country is the origin of the word \"pheasant.\" A person called a tamada pronounces toasts at this country's supra dinners, during which you can eat lobiani bean bread and sulguni cheese. Men in this country traditionally wear the Chokha. The alluvial deposits of this country's Inguri and Rioni rivers form the Kolkhida Lowland, known to classical geographers as Colchis. This country's biggest port is Batumi, located in the autonomous region of Adjara. This country claims a region to the northwest governed from Sukhumi, and it is known as Sakartvelo in its native language. This country still claims possession of two breakaway regions lost in 2008: South Ossetia and Abkhazia. For 10 points, name this Caucasian country with capital Tbilisi.", "answer": "Republic of Georgia [accept Sakartvelo before mention]", "page": "Georgia_(country)", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bad4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93219, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 232], [233, 283], [284, 417], [418, 500], [501, 623], [624, 727], [728, 792]], "first_sentence": "The ancient name of a river in this modern-day country is the origin of the word \"pheasant.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This thinker's distinction between \"the possible\" and \"the real\" was given a new third term, the \"virtual,\" in a 1996 book about his \u00c2\u2013ism by Gilles Deleuze, who also built on this thinker's ideas in essays about cinema. This thinker distinguished between qualitative and quantitative types of multiplicity. This man linked emotional detachment to the \"meaning of the comic\" in three articles on laughter. This man used the image of a tape running between two spools to represent the flow of aging and the growth of memory. This author of Matter and Memory described the succession of conscious states as dur\u00c3\u00a9e, or \"duration.\" For 10 points, name this author of Time and Free Will, a French philosopher who discussed a non-mechanistic life force called \u00c3\u00a9lan vital in Creative Evolution.", "answer": "Henri[-Louis] Bergson", "page": "Henri_Bergson", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bad5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93220, "tokenizations": [[0, 220], [221, 307], [308, 405], [406, 523], [524, 626], [626, 788]], "first_sentence": "This thinker's distinction between \"the possible\" and \"the real\" was given a new third term, the \"virtual,\" in a 1996 book about his \u00c2\u2013ism by Gilles Deleuze, who also built on this thinker's ideas in essays about cinema.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer was instrumental in the relocation from Paris of the Mabou Mines theater company, for whom he wrote Music for Voices as well as a string quartet accompanying a performance of Samuel Beckett's Company. This composer attempted to popularize his work with a six-movement chamber composition including movements titled \"Floe,\" \"Island,\" and \"Rubric.\" He wrote for a characteristic ensemble of four saxophones, two flutes, three electric organs, and female voice with his Music in Twelve Parts. This composer scored Martin Scorsese's Kundun as well as a film directed by Godfrey Reggio whose title is a Hopi word meaning \"life out of balance.\" For 10 points, name this minimalist composer of Koyaanisqatsi also known for such operas as Einstein on the Beach.", "answer": "Philip Glass", "page": "Philip_Glass", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bad6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93221, "tokenizations": [[0, 214], [215, 360], [361, 503], [504, 651], [651, 767]], "first_sentence": "This composer was instrumental in the relocation from Paris of the Mabou Mines theater company, for whom he wrote Music for Voices as well as a string quartet accompanying a performance of Samuel Beckett's Company.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In Moby-Dick, this animal is the namesake of a ship whose captain can't answer Ahab's question about the White Whale because he drops his trumpet into the sea. In one poem, one of these creatures \"ate the food it ne'er had ate\" after several men \"hailed it in God's name\" \"as if it had been a Christian soul.\" In another poem, a man limps to mimic one of these \"weak and gauche\" animals as his companion teases it with a \"stubby clay pipe\" for having become \"comic and ugly.\" When one of these animals outside that Charles Baudelaire poem comes \"through the fog\" following \"a good south wind,\" it is shot with a crossbow and hung around a narrator's neck. For 10 points, name this unlucky bird killed in Samuel Coleridge's \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.\"", "answer": "albatrosses [prompt on \"birds,\" \"Aves,\" \"tubenoses,\" or \"Procellariiformes\"]", "page": "Albatross", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bad7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93222, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 309], [310, 474], [474, 655], [656, 757]], "first_sentence": "In Moby-Dick, this animal is the namesake of a ship whose captain can't answer Ahab's question about the White Whale because he drops his trumpet into the sea.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man collaborated with the urban ecologist Robert E. Park on a study of European poverty called The Man Farthest Down. His advisory role on a German colonial expedition to Togo is recounted in Louis Harlan's two-volume, Bancroft prize-winning biography, and he recalled his journey to see Samuel C. Armstrong after leaving Kanawha valley's coal mines in his own memoirs. This Hampton alumnus imagined \"nearly sixteen millions of hands\" lifting a load six years before he dined at the White House with Theodore Roosevelt. He advised \"Cast down your bucket where you are\" in his \"Atlanta Compromise\" speech. For 10 points, name this black leader criticized for his focus on vocational skills by W.E.B. DuBois, the author of Up from Slavery and leader of the Tuskegee Institute.", "answer": "Booker Taliaferro Washington", "page": "Booker_T._Washington", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bad8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93223, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 374], [375, 524], [525, 609], [610, 779]], "first_sentence": "This man collaborated with the urban ecologist Robert E. Park on a study of European poverty called The Man Farthest Down.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a parody of this work, Walter Barnes photographed Edgar Degas perched on the stoop of a house with three women standing above him. The structure in the background of this work features a marble relief of an eagle with a woman on its back, while its foreground includes a pointing figure in black that was copied from a 1650 self- portrait by Poussin. Commissioned by Charles X for a ceiling in the Louvre, this painting shows Raphael led by the hand toward the title figure, whose own output is symbolized by two women sitting at his feet, one with a sword and the other with an oar. Nike prepares to crown the enthroned title man of this painting with a laurel crown as a crowd of great artists and poets look on. For 10 points, name this Ingres painting of a Greek bard's moment of immortality.", "answer": "The Apotheosis of Homer [or L'Apoth\u00c3\u00a9ose d'Hom\u00c3\u00a8re or Homer Deified]", "page": "The_Apotheosis_of_Homer", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bad9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93224, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 353], [354, 586], [587, 717], [718, 799]], "first_sentence": "In a parody of this work, Walter Barnes photographed Edgar Degas perched on the stoop of a house with three women standing above him.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "For an object at high redshift, a K-correction must be applied to this quantity to convert it to an equivalent measurement in the rest frame of the object. Dividing a body's kinetic energy by this quantity gives its Kelvin-Helmholtz time scale. An empirical law sets this quantity for a main-sequence star proportional to its mass to the 3.5th power. The fifth root of one hundred is known as Pogson's ratio because N. R. Pogson developed the Hipparchus scale for measuring a logarithmic variety of this quantity, which is called \"apparent\" if measured from the perspective from the earth. For 10 points, name this quantity which is proportional to the fourth power of temperature in the Stefan-Boltzmann equation, the energy per unit time emitted by a stellar object.", "answer": "luminosity [or apparent magnitude; or absolute magnitude; prompt on \"brightness\"]", "page": "Luminosity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bada", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93225, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 244], [245, 350], [351, 589], [590, 768]], "first_sentence": "For an object at high redshift, a K-correction must be applied to this quantity to convert it to an equivalent measurement in the rest frame of the object.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This institution was notably lacking from a \"New Palace\" toured by Evliya \u00c3\u2021elebi [CHEL-uh-bee] before he left his home city to travel. The selamlik was kept completely separate from this institution. Select members of this institution became gedik, who could be promoted to g\u00c3\u00b6dze or \"favored\" status. Talking to members of this institution demystifies it per the letters of Mary Wortley Montagu, which also discussed inoculation. One official supervisor of this thing, the Kizlar Agha, was always both black and a eunuch. The Valide helped lead this institution, which held effective power for much of the 16th century, after Roxelana used her role in it to gain the title of Haseki Sultan. For 10 points, name this set, greatly expanded by Murad III, of secluded Ottoman imperial concubines.", "answer": "Ottoman imperial harem [or seraglio; or serail; or saray-i-duhteran; prompt on \"Topkapi palace\" or \"Ottoman palace\" or similar answers; prompt on \"women\" or \"women's quarters\"]", "page": "Ottoman_Imperial_Harem", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9badb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93226, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 200], [201, 302], [303, 431], [432, 523], [524, 692], [693, 794]], "first_sentence": "This institution was notably lacking from a \"New Palace\" toured by Evliya \u00c3\u2021elebi [CHEL-uh-bee] before he left his home city to travel.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Strain 121 was discovered in one of these ecosystems. An organism that lives in these ecosystems uses multiple forms of hemoglobin to shuttle gas to symbiotic bacteria colonizing the trophosome that takes up its coelom instead of a gut. Martin et al. proposed that acetate production during serpentinization in these ecosystems is driven by a natural form of chemiosmosis facilitated by the alkalinity of peridotites. The \"iron-sulfur world\" theory is based on studies of these ecosystems, which are inhabited by scavenging \"dandelions\" and Riftia tube worms. The Lost City field and Loki's Castle black smokers are examples of these ecosystems, which are more volatile than cold seeps. For 10 points, name these chemosynthetically-driven geothermal ecosystems on the ocean floor.", "answer": "hydrothermal vents [or hydrothermal chimneys; accept black smokers until it is read; prompt on \"vents\"; prompt on \"deep sea,\" \"ocean,\" \"deep sea communities,\" or \"ocean communities\"]", "page": "Hydrothermal_vent", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9badc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93227, "tokenizations": [[0, 236], [237, 417], [418, 559], [560, 686], [687, 780]], "first_sentence": "Strain 121 was discovered in one of these ecosystems. An organism that lives in these ecosystems uses multiple forms of hemoglobin to shuttle gas to symbiotic bacteria colonizing the trophosome that takes up its coelom instead of a gut.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This poem was adapted from a ballad written by Clemens Brentano, and was first set to music by Friedrich Silcher in a song so popular that it created a misconception about the origin of this poem's title character. This poem is set near \"the crest of [a] mountain\" \"gleaming / in fading rays of sunshine.\" The speaker of this poem \"cannot determine the meaning / of sorrow that fills [his] breast\" but does know that a story he has heard \"allows [his] mind no rest.\" The title character of this poem is introduced wearing glistening jewelry and using a gilded comb. This poem features the death of a man who \"has no eye for the jagged cliff\" and \"by and by\" will be devoured by the waves. For 10 points, name this German poem about a golden-haired siren by the Rhine river, by Heinrich Heine.", "answer": "\"The Lorelei\" [or \"Die Lorelei\"]", "page": "The_Lorelei", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9badd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93228, "tokenizations": [[0, 214], [215, 305], [306, 466], [467, 565], [566, 688], [689, 792]], "first_sentence": "This poem was adapted from a ballad written by Clemens Brentano, and was first set to music by Friedrich Silcher in a song so popular that it created a misconception about the origin of this poem's title character.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to Eustathius, this god killed a king of Cyprus who sent earth-made ships and fake men instead of the fifty manned ships which he promised Agamemnon. This killer of Cinyras also killed a being who picked up the aulos that Athena cast away upon being horrified at her reflection. This god transformed the nymph Castalia into a spring, and he fathered the beekeeper Aristaeus. At the beginning of the Iliad, this god spreads a plague among the Greeks. This god gave a pair of asses' ears to Midas, and he flayed the satyr Marsyas after beating him in a music contest. With his sister, this archer god killed the children of Niobe. For 10 points, name this Greek god who killed the python and established the Oracle at Delphi, the brother of Artemis.", "answer": "Apollo [or Apollon; or Phoebus]", "page": "Apollo", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bade", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93229, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 288], [289, 384], [385, 459], [460, 575], [576, 638], [639, 757]], "first_sentence": "According to Eustathius, this god killed a king of Cyprus who sent earth-made ships and fake men instead of the fifty manned ships which he promised Agamemnon.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "George Steer's reporting for The Times helped foster international outrage for an incident during this conflict. A key siege during this war saw a woman called \"Passionflower\" give the non-French \"They shall not pass!\" speech. One side in this war sent 510 tons of gold to Moscow soon after its outbreak, saw one of its cities destroyed in Operation R\u00c3\u00bcgen, and lost the bloody Battle of Teruel. A clandestine faction working against that side within its cities was given the name \"fifth column\" by a general in this war who soon died in a plane crash, Emilio Mola. This war, in which Republican forces were crushed at the Battle of the Ebro, also included the Condor Legion's bombing of the Basque city of Guernica. For 10 points, name this 1930s conflict won by Francisco Franco's fascists.", "answer": "Spanish Civil War", "page": "Spanish_Civil_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9badf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93230, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 217], [217, 226], [227, 395], [396, 565], [566, 716], [717, 792]], "first_sentence": "George Steer's reporting for The Times helped foster international outrage for an incident during this conflict.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This interaction changes the refractive index of a thin gold film on which a molecule is immobilized with a Biacore sensor chip. Programs like Autodock simulate this interaction, which is screened by fragment-based lead discovery. Protein-directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry is a method used to optimize the strength of this interaction for molecules. The major uses of isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance are to test potential drugs for this non-enzymatic interaction, which is modeled by the MWC and Hill equations if it's cooperative. Affinity constants quantify the strength of this interaction, which is measured in saturation experiments that can be visualized on a Scatchard plot. For 10 points, name this physical interaction between a ligand and its receptor.", "answer": "ligand binding [or binding to a receptor; prompt on protein-protein interaction or PPI or similar answers; anti-prompt on protein activation or inhibition or specific cases of binding; prompt on drug activity or related answers; do not accept \"forming a bond\", \"bonding\", or any answer about covalent bonding]", "page": "Ligand_(biochemistry)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bae0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93231, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 230], [231, 356], [357, 569], [570, 719], [720, 800]], "first_sentence": "This interaction changes the refractive index of a thin gold film on which a molecule is immobilized with a Biacore sensor chip.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During a rulership controversy in this polity, Isabella of Anjou's marriage to Humphrey of Toron was annulled in favor of a man who was assassinated a few days after taking the crown. This state denounced illegal confiscation of fiefs in the Assise sur la ligence, issued by its Haute Cour during the rule of Amalric I. At age sixteen, a ruler of this kingdom overcame overwhelming odds at the Battle of Montgisard, and lifted the Siege of Kerak shortly before his death. This kingdom's coat of arms had five golden crosses on a white field. It was ruled by the leprous Baldwin IV, whose successor Guy of Lusignan lost the disastrous Battle of Hattin, after which Saladin captured its main city and provoked the Third Crusade. For 10 points, name this crusader kingdom named for its extremely holy city.", "answer": "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "page": "Kingdom_of_Jerusalem", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bae1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93232, "tokenizations": [[0, 183], [184, 319], [320, 471], [472, 541], [542, 726], [727, 803]], "first_sentence": "During a rulership controversy in this polity, Isabella of Anjou's marriage to Humphrey of Toron was annulled in favor of a man who was assassinated a few days after taking the crown.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A 2011 trial for religious extremism in this country prosecuted a translation of The Bhagavad-Gita As It Is. In this non-Turkey country, the reformer Abdurrauf Fitrat promoted the teaching of usul ul-jadid in maktabs, initiating the Jadidism movement. Members of an exiled sect from this country established a large community in Woodburn, Oregon. This country was the birthplace of a pacifist movement whose name means \"Warriors of the Spirit,\" which conducted naked protests and eventually resettled in Canada. In this home of the doukhobors, the introduction of a three-fingered sign of the cross and other reforms by Nikon led to a schism with the Old Believers. For 10 points, name this country where Patriarch Kirill leads the most populous Orthodox church.", "answer": "Russia [or Russian Empire; or Russian Federation; or Rossiya; or Rossiyskaya Imperiya; or Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; do not accept \"Soviet Union\" or \"USSR\"]", "page": "Russia", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bae2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93233, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 108], [109, 251], [252, 346], [347, 511], [512, 665], [666, 762]], "first_sentence": "A 2011 trial for religious extremism in this country prosecuted a translation of The Bhagavad-Gita", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The title character of a story by this author is run over and killed by Mr. Shortley's tractor while Mrs. McIntyre is on her way to fire him. This author who wrote about an unfortunate Pole named Mr. Guizac in \"The Displaced Person\" also wrote a story in which an old man moves to New York and mistakenly calls his new neighbor \"preacher,\" leading to a fight that causes him to have a stroke. This author of \"Judgment Day\" wrote a story in which a typewriter salesman denigrates the decayed mansion of his Godhigh ancestors. In that story, a woman in a purple hat has a stroke after she condescendingly gives a penny to a young black boy while riding the bus to the Y with her son Julian. For 10 points, name this extremely Catholic American author of \"Everything that Rises Must Converge.\"", "answer": "Mary Flannery O'Connor", "page": "Flannery_O'Connor", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bae3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93234, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 392], [393, 524], [525, 688], [689, 790]], "first_sentence": "The title character of a story by this author is run over and killed by Mr. Shortley's tractor while Mrs. McIntyre is on her way to fire him.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Internal massless components of these objects are associated with a factor proportional to i divided by the momentum q squared, while coupling constants equal to the square root of 4 pi times the fine structure constant are introduced for each of these objects' vertices. Processes are called OZI suppressed and have much shorter lifetimes if these objects can be \"cut\" by touching only gluons. Antisymmetrization results in subtraction between matrix elements when two of these objects differ by the exchange of identical fermions. Arrows moving opposite the direction of time in these objects represent antiparticles, while helices denote gluons and waves indicate photons. For 10 points, name these diagrams used to model particle interactions, named for a Caltech physicist.", "answer": "Feynman diagrams", "page": "Feynman_diagram", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bae4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93235, "tokenizations": [[0, 271], [272, 394], [395, 532], [533, 675], [676, 778]], "first_sentence": "Internal massless components of these objects are associated with a factor proportional to i divided by the momentum q squared, while coupling constants equal to the square root of 4 pi times the fine structure constant are introduced for each of these objects' vertices.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A treatise in this language discusses the rise of science in the section \"The Discovery of the World and of Man\" and argues that a certain period involved the beginning of self-conscious, calculated government in \"The State as a Work of Art.\" Another book in this language examines the \"fear of being touched,\" uses the memoirs of a judge with dementia to connect ruling and paranoia, and seeks to explain why \"packs\" of people follow despots. This language was used to write The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy as well as Crowds and Power. A treatise in this language explains how a \"reserve army of labor\" counters the tendency of profits to fall over time, and argues that \"commodity fetishism\" characterizes modern society. For 10 points, name this original language of Das Kapital.", "answer": "German [or Deutsch]", "page": "German_language", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bae5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93236, "tokenizations": [[0, 242], [243, 443], [444, 549], [550, 736], [737, 795]], "first_sentence": "A treatise in this language discusses the rise of science in the section \"The Discovery of the World and of Man\" and argues that a certain period involved the beginning of self-conscious, calculated government in \"The State as a Work of Art.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Twice, this character mysteriously alludes to having \"failed him, once at Constantinople.\" This character's sister Sylvia was killed, somewhat ironically, by a falling tree at their childhood home. The Cymbeline line \"fear no more the heat o' the sun\" is repeatedly quoted by this character, who is distracted from her mending of a green dress by the appearance of an old boyfriend. This character thinks that the most exquisite moment of her life was kissing Sally Seton at Bourton. In her youth, this character rejects Peter Walsh to marry the wealthier politician Richard. Before guests arrive at this woman's house, Septimus Smith kills himself. For 10 points, name this character who throws a party in 1923 London in a novel by Virginia Woolf.", "answer": "Mrs. Dalloway [or Clarissa Dalloway]", "page": "Mrs_Dalloway", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bae6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93237, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [89, 197], [198, 382], [383, 483], [484, 575], [576, 649], [650, 748]], "first_sentence": "Twice, this character mysteriously alludes to having \"failed him, once at Constantinople.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 1901 contest to construct one of these buildings in Liverpool was won by Giles Gilbert Scott, who then completed that building with George Frederick Bodley. Bodley himself designed one of these buildings featuring Frederick Hart's The Creation. One of these buildings in Christchurch was constructed out of cardboard by Shigeru Ban. Ronald Reagan's state funeral was held in one of these buildings, which were designed with vast windows in the Rayonnant style. \"Emmanuel\" is the largest of ten huge bells at one of these buildings famous for its chimera statues and located on the \u00c3\u017dle de la Cit\u00c3\u00a9. For 10 points, identify these buildings exemplified by Notre Dame de Paris.", "answer": "cathedrals [prompt on churches]", "page": "Cathedral", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bae7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93238, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 246], [247, 334], [335, 462], [463, 600], [601, 676]], "first_sentence": "A 1901 contest to construct one of these buildings in Liverpool was won by Giles Gilbert Scott, who then completed that building with George Frederick Bodley.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This publication adds the word \"SIR--\" in all caps to preface all published letters to the editor. This publication uses Officina Sans Bold for its headlines, such as a 2012 headline asking \"Which One?\" on an image of Barack Obama and Mitt Romney walking over the American flag. A special \"no boundaries\" award is included in this publication's yearly \"innovation awards\". An early editor of this publication also wrote a book on The English Constitution. Walter Bagehot [\"BADGE\"-it] edited this publication, which reviews books in its Prospero section. James Wilson started this publication to oppose the Corn Laws. For 10 points, name this periodical with anonymous editorials, a weekly British magazine whose coverage of world affairs often has a financial bent.", "answer": "The Economist", "page": "The_Economist", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bae8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93239, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 278], [279, 372], [373, 455], [456, 480], [480, 553], [554, 616], [617, 765]], "first_sentence": "This publication adds the word \"SIR--\" in all caps to preface all published letters to the editor.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The stick-breaking process is a constructive algorithm used to generate samples from a stochastic process named after this mathematician. This mathematician also names a multivariate continuous probability distribution defined on a n-dimensional simplex, which is the conjugate prior of the multinomial distribution. In analytic number theory, the Riemann zeta function is a simple non-trivial example of his type of series, which are sums over n of a-sub-n over n to a complex power s. This mathematician also names the eta function, a simple example of one of his L-functions. In contrast to Neumann boundary conditions, boundary conditions named after this man specify a function's value on the boundary of its domain. For 10 points, name this man who codified, and sometimes names, the pigeonhole principle.", "answer": "Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet", "page": "Peter_Gustav_Lejeune_Dirichlet", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9bae9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93240, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 316], [317, 486], [487, 578], [579, 721], [722, 811]], "first_sentence": "The stick-breaking process is a constructive algorithm used to generate samples from a stochastic process named after this mathematician.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Jacob Thomasius blasted this man's views in Adversus Anonymum. This thinker argued that people make contracts only so long as they bring about a \"greater good\" or impede a \"greater evil.\" This philosopher argued, contra Hobbes, that the \"right to nature\" is the same as what one has the power to do. This man called faith the \"knowledge of God,\" without which obedience to God is impossible. Before Hume, he wrote that natural law disallows miracles in a book that supported a tolerant state with free speech, opposed clerical rule, and claimed that Ezra, not Moses, wrote the Torah. Elsewhere, he wrote on the passions in his chapter \"Of Human Bondage.\" For 10 points, what man attacked the Bible in Tractatus Theologico-Politicus after Amsterdam's Jewry expelled him for writing the Ethics?", "answer": "Baruch Spinoza [or Benedict Spinoza; or Benedictus de Spinoza]", "page": "Baruch_Spinoza", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baea", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93241, "tokenizations": [[0, 62], [63, 186], [186, 187], [188, 299], [300, 391], [392, 583], [584, 654], [655, 792]], "first_sentence": "Jacob Thomasius blasted this man's views in Adversus Anonymum.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Haydn's final numbered composition of this type opens with rolled chords in a dotted rhythm followed by descending passages in double thirds. That piece of this type features a second movement surprisingly in E major after a first movement in E-flat major. Pieces of this type comprise the bulk of the output of Muzio Clementi, who wrote over a hundred and established the genre in the Classical era. Mozart's compositions of this type include his K.545, which is his sixteenth in C major, labeled \"semplice\" or \"for beginners,\" and his eleventh in A major, which concludes with the famous rondo \"Alla Turca.\" For 10 points, name this genre of usually three-movement pieces for a solo keyboard instrument.", "answer": "piano sonatas [prompt on sonatas]", "page": "Piano_sonata", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baeb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93242, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 256], [257, 400], [401, 608], [608, 705]], "first_sentence": "Haydn's final numbered composition of this type opens with rolled chords in a dotted rhythm followed by descending passages in double thirds.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Many leftist women in this country joined Black Sash societies to organize protests. One leader of this country authorized a letter bomb killing Ruth First, who wrote against this country's injustices from abroad. A Women's League in this country successfully argued for a quota in its majority party ensuring one-third female representation in its legislature. This country's journalist Helen Zille, who now leads its minority-party Democratic Alliance, broke a 1977 story detailing the beating and in-prison death of a prominent dissident. Women were exempted from its \"pass laws.\" For 10 points, name this nation whose leading women included Mamphela Ramphele, the lover of Steve Biko, and anti-racist activist Winnie Mandela, the wife of long-imprisoned Nelson.", "answer": "Republic of South Africa", "page": "South_Africa", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baec", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93243, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 213], [214, 361], [362, 541], [542, 583], [584, 765]], "first_sentence": "Many leftist women in this country joined Black Sash societies to organize protests.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After a character in this play escapes from a temple thanks to a sleeping spell, he claims to have been purified by the sacrifice of a pig. According to legend, the premiere of this play was so disturbing that a pregnant woman collapsed and died. A male criminal's footsteps are said to be filled with blood in this play, in which a judge is impressed by a defendant's unusual willingness to take responsibility for his actions. After placing a character under the protection of Hermes, another god in this play argues that mothers are merely vessels and not truly parents. In this play, Apollo argues in a trial decided by the vote of Athena, who promotes an ethic of justice to the Furies and gives them the title new name, meaning \"kindly ones.\" For 10 points, name this final play of Aeschylus's Oresteia.", "answer": "The Eumenides", "page": "Oresteia", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baed", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93244, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 246], [247, 428], [429, 573], [574, 748], [749, 809]], "first_sentence": "After a character in this play escapes from a temple thanks to a sleeping spell, he claims to have been purified by the sacrifice of a pig.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Power lost due to a variation in this quantity is proportional to its peak value squared times frequency squared, all over resistivity, density, and a constant that is 1 for sheets and 2 for wires. This quantity causes a combination of circular motion and guiding center drift, and can be measured at low values via a device with parallel Josephson junctions, known as SQUIDs. Type I and II superconductors differ in the number of critical values for this quantity, which is crossed with the velocity in the Lorentz force and is given by a line integral in the Biot-Savart Law. This quantity, which has zero divergence and is the curl of the vector potential, is expelled from superconductors in the Meissner effect. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in teslas, whose lines run from north to south poles.", "answer": "magnetic field [accept B field or H field]", "page": "Magnetic_field", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baee", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93245, "tokenizations": [[0, 197], [198, 376], [377, 577], [578, 716], [717, 813]], "first_sentence": "Power lost due to a variation in this quantity is proportional to its peak value squared times frequency squared, all over resistivity, density, and a constant that is 1 for sheets and 2 for wires.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The first chapter of this novel is epistolary and recounts a love affair that devolves into \"telegrams and anger.\" This novel analogizes the lower classes as goblins pounding in the abyss while its protagonist and her sister listen to Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. A character in this novel exiles herself to Germany after a bad tip forces her impoverished friend to quit his clerking job. The protagonist of this novel refuses to break off an engagement to Henry after learning that he had an affair with Jacky and insists that he \"connect\" the incidents in his life. A man in this novel pushes over a bookcase with a sword, giving Leonard Bast a heart attack. In her dying hour, Ruth Wilcox signs over the deed to this novel's title estate to Margaret Schlegel. For 10 points, name this novel by E.M. Forster.", "answer": "Howards End", "page": "Howards_End", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baef", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93246, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [113, 262], [263, 387], [388, 566], [567, 659], [660, 761], [762, 809]], "first_sentence": "The first chapter of this novel is epistolary and recounts a love affair that devolves into \"telegrams and anger.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Xuan Wu's stomach turned into one of these animals. Nuwa cut the legs off of one of these named Ao and used those legs to prop up the sky. Apollo transformed into first this animal, and then a snake, in order to rape Dryope. A nymph who did not attend Zeus and Hera's wedding, Chelone, was turned into this animal. An object derived from one was used by Heracles to kill Linus. One of these animals ensured that Mount Mandara did not fall into the milk ocean, and another killed travelers who stooped to wash the feet of Sciron and got pushed off of a cliff. Vishnu's second avatar, Kurma, is one of these animals. Hermes killed an ox and one of these on the day he was born, so as to fashion a lyre. For 10 points, name this animal, which in many Native American myths holds the earth on its back.", "answer": "turtles [or tortoises]", "page": "Turtle", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baf0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93247, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 224], [225, 314], [315, 377], [378, 558], [559, 614], [615, 700], [701, 798]], "first_sentence": "Xuan Wu's stomach turned into one of these animals. Nuwa cut the legs off of one of these named Ao and used those legs to prop up the sky.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In Final Fantasy VI, one of these objects can be found after setting a clock in Zozo, and that item is Edgar's most damaging Tool. A crossbow that fires these objects is one of the prosthetic hand transformations used by Hoss Delgado in The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy. Patrick Bateman drops one of these down a stairwell in order to kill a fleeing prostitute in American Psycho. Angel is killed with one of these things by the Colombian cocaine dealer Hector the Toad in a controversial scene from Scarface. One of them is attached to Ash Williams's arm in Evil Dead II to replace his demon-possessed hand, and a serial killer who uses one wears a mask made from human skin. For 10 points, name these popular zombie-slaying tools used by Leatherface to carry out a massacre in Texas.", "answer": "chainsaws", "page": "Chainsaw", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baf1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93248, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 276], [277, 386], [387, 515], [516, 682], [683, 791]], "first_sentence": "In Final Fantasy VI, one of these objects can be found after setting a clock in Zozo, and that item is Edgar's most damaging Tool.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In Flory-Huggins theory, the enthalpy change associated with this phenomenon is proportional to the interaction parameter chi times kT times the lattice volume fraction phi-sub-2. This phenomenon will occur as concentration increases beyond the Plait point, and does not occur inside the dome on a ternary phase diagram. A paradox named for this process is related to the Gibbs paradox. The increase in entropy due to this process is equal to negative the number of moles times R, times the sum over components of mole fraction times log of mole fraction. A magnetized bar does this process within lab glassware. In an ideal solution, this process evolves no heat. For 10 points, name this process which is used to make a liquid's concentration more homogeneous, by adding an impeller or stirrer.", "answer": "mixing [accept stirring until \"stirrer\" is read; anti-prompt on \"dissolving\" or \"solvation\"]", "page": "Mixing_(process_engineering)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baf2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93249, "tokenizations": [[0, 179], [180, 320], [321, 386], [387, 555], [556, 612], [613, 664], [665, 796]], "first_sentence": "In Flory-Huggins theory, the enthalpy change associated with this phenomenon is proportional to the interaction parameter chi times kT times the lattice volume fraction phi-sub-2.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A member of this family forced magistrates of a captured city to draw a fig from a donkey's anus with their teeth. Another ruler from this family issued a legal code for an island in the Constitutions of Melfi, and signed a peace with Al-Kamil for control of Jerusalem. The founder of this dynasty, which succeeded the House of Supplinb\u00c3\u00bcrg, faced a sacred war wagon called the Carroccio in one battle. That founder suppressed the Commune of Rome and its leader Arnold of Brescia, beat the Seljuks at the battle of Iconium, and held the Diet of Roncaglia after losing at Legnano to the Lombard League. This dynasty's founder went with Richard I and Philip II on the Third Crusade, but drowned in the Saleph River. For 10 points, name this German dynasty begun by Frederick Barbarossa.", "answer": "House of Hohenstaufen [or Swabian dynasty; or Staufer]", "page": "Hohenstaufen", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baf3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93250, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 269], [270, 402], [403, 601], [602, 713], [714, 784]], "first_sentence": "A member of this family forced magistrates of a captured city to draw a fig from a donkey's anus with their teeth.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A replica of this sculpture stands in front of William Tecumseh Sherman in the last monument made by Augustus Saint-Gaudens. This sculpture was originally placed above a reflecting pool in a sanctuary to the gods. The base of this sculpture was originally slotted into a counterbalance to prevent this sculpture from collapsing. Filippo Tommaso Marinetti claimed that a speeding car was more beautiful than this sculpture in the Futurist Manifesto. Its base is the blue marble prow of a ship, and the Louvre added a wing and a breast that were lost in transit before displaying it atop the Daru Staircase. For 10 points, name this headless sculpture discovered in Samothrace depicting the goddess Nike.", "answer": "Winged Victory of Samothrace [or Nike of Samothrace until \"Nike\" is read]", "page": "Winged_Victory_of_Samothrace", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baf4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93251, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 213], [214, 328], [329, 448], [449, 605], [606, 702]], "first_sentence": "A replica of this sculpture stands in front of William Tecumseh Sherman in the last monument made by Augustus Saint-Gaudens.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During an insurrection, members of this industry tied a sheriff named Nuto to the gallows by his foot and ripped him apart. That occurred shortly after a worker in this industry was appointed gonfaloniere of justice. This industry employed the canuts of Lyon. Elsewhere, members of this industry staged a revolt that brought Michele di Lando to power. This industry was controlled by the Lana and Calimala guilds in one city. A device with punched cards was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard to aid it. One form of this industry began in the Byzantine Empire after two monks smuggled eggs out of China in bamboo, and relied on mulberry trees. In 1378, workers in this industry called ciompi revolted against Florentine elites. For 10 points, name this industry that makes goods out of wool and silk.", "answer": "textiles [or clothing; or wool; or silk; prompt on \"weaving\" or \"loom\"]", "page": "Textile", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baf5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93252, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 216], [217, 259], [260, 351], [352, 425], [426, 502], [503, 642], [643, 726], [727, 799]], "first_sentence": "During an insurrection, members of this industry tied a sheriff named Nuto to the gallows by his foot and ripped him apart.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The speaker of a poem by this author pledges, \"I will keep you there forever\" in the \"round-tower of my heart\" \"till the walls should crumble to ruin, and molder in dust away.\" A poem by this author begins by describing the farmer of Grand-Pre, who dies of a heart attack after a mini-riot is quelled by Father Felician. Another of this author's characters fasts for seven days, during which he wrestles Mondamin. This poet of \"The Children's Hour\" wrote a poem in dactylic hexameter beginning \"This is the forest primeval,\" and used a Kalevala-esque trochaic tetrameter for a poem in which the grandson of Nokomis weds Minnehaha \"By the shores of Gitche Gumee.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"Evangeline\" who tried to draw on Ojibwe lore in \"The Song of Hiawatha.\"", "answer": "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "page": "Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baf6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93253, "tokenizations": [[0, 176], [177, 320], [321, 413], [414, 631], [631, 661], [661, 777]], "first_sentence": "The speaker of a poem by this author pledges, \"I will keep you there forever\" in the \"round-tower of my heart\" \"till the walls should crumble to ruin, and molder in dust away.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "It's not Habakkuk, but the story of this man is read as Haftarah on Shavuot. This man, who relates that he spent time along the Chebar river, uses human excrement as the fuel to cook his food while lying on his side for 430 days. Merkabah mysticism is based on an image from this man's accounts, which include a war launched against the land of Magog by the eponymous prince of Gog. This Biblical character sees the faces of men, lions, eagles, and oxen surrounding the throne of God on God's chariot, and has a vision of \"wheels turning inside of wheels\" before he is told to breathe life into a group of reanimated bodies in the \"valley of dry bones\". For 10 points, name this Old Testament prophet whose namesake book comes before Hosea and after the Lamentations attributed to Jeremiah.", "answer": "Ezekiel [or the Book of Ezekiel]", "page": "Ezekiel", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414839ea23cc9417e9baf7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93254, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 229], [230, 382], [383, 653], [654, 790]], "first_sentence": "It's not Habakkuk, but the story of this man is read as Haftarah on Shavuot.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An artist from this country painted over human femur bones with the colors of his country's flag, and opened a fake \"Museum of Modern Art, Department of Eagles\" in his own home. A group of critics in this nation rejected a work in which the artist's sister Mitche sits at a cluttered dining table eating oysters. Along with Georges Lemmen and Fernand Khnopff, the painter of that work was a member of a group in this nation founded by Octave Maus. An artist from this country showed a monkey's crucifixion in The Vile Vivisectors, and evoked a Mardi Gras parade in a painting showing a crowd of mask-like faces marching under a banner reading \"Vive La Sociale.\" For 10 points, name this nation home to Marcel Broodthaers, Les XX [lay vant], and James Ensor, the artist of Christ's Entry Into Brussels.", "answer": "Belgium", "page": "Belgium", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483aea23cc9417e9baf8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93255, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 312], [313, 447], [448, 660], [660, 801]], "first_sentence": "An artist from this country painted over human femur bones with the colors of his country's flag, and opened a fake \"Museum of Modern Art, Department of Eagles\" in his own home.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character created by this man owns a cat named Hamilcar and is ultimately rewarded with a rare manuscript for his kindness in giving some firewood to his freezing neighbors. In a satirical novel by this author, a fake dragon designed in part by Orberosia is killed by Kraken, after which those two become king and queen of a civilization which progresses through all the stages of history. Marcel Proust's literary mentor, Bergotte, was modeled on this author, who created a man who removes Jeanne from a cruel school and pays her dowry by selling his library. In another novel by this man, the Devil tricks a monk named Mael into going to the North Pole to baptize birds. For 10 points, name this European author of The Crime of Sylvester Bonnard and Penguin Island.", "answer": "Anatole France [or Anatole Thibault]", "page": "Anatole_France", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483aea23cc9417e9baf9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93256, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 391], [392, 562], [563, 674], [675, 769]], "first_sentence": "A character created by this man owns a cat named Hamilcar and is ultimately rewarded with a rare manuscript for his kindness in giving some firewood to his freezing neighbors.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The MEPE-ASARM peptides inhibit this process, which is upregulated by the five SIBLING proteins. Expression of CBF-alpha-1, also known as RUNX2, is crucial for this process to occur. A namesake sialoprotein may function as a guide for the accumulation of phosphate compounds during this process. This process can proceed in either an intramembranous or an endochondral manner. Collagen deficiencies can lead to a disease known as this process \"imperfecta.\" This process requires the formation of a cartilage layer, followed by mineralization. When the rate of resorption is faster than the rate of this process, osteoporosis occurs. For 10 points, name this process by which structures such as the fibula and femur are formed.", "answer": "bone formation [or ossification; or osteogenesis; or bone morphogenesis; or dentinogenesis; or odontogenesis; or tooth development]", "page": "Ossification", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bafa", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93257, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 182], [183, 295], [296, 376], [377, 455], [455, 456], [457, 542], [543, 632], [633, 726]], "first_sentence": "The MEPE-ASARM peptides inhibit this process, which is upregulated by the five SIBLING proteins.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The activity of these things is divided into eight types over four quadrants in Joseph McGrath's circumplex model, and their development is described by the \"Forming Norming Storming Performing\" model of Bruce Tuckman. These things dysfunction when they meet one of three \"basic assumptions\" proposed by Wilfred Bion. Action in these things can be ensured using the by-product theory of Mancur Olsen. Henri Tajfel developed a \"minimal\" paradigm for these things to explain their segregation into \"in\" and \"out\" types. Kurt Lewin founded the study of the \"dynamics\" of these things, in which conformity due to a desire for unanimity leads to bad decision making, their namesake \"think.\" For 10 points, name these hopefully-cohesive collections of people who interact.", "answer": "social groups [accept teams; prompt on other similar answers]", "page": "Social_group", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bafb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93258, "tokenizations": [[0, 218], [219, 317], [318, 400], [401, 517], [518, 684], [684, 766]], "first_sentence": "The activity of these things is divided into eight types over four quadrants in Joseph McGrath's circumplex model, and their development is described by the \"Forming Norming Storming Performing\" model of Bruce Tuckman.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This politician's son lost an election for governor after founding the Solidarity Party to ditch two candidates backed by Lyndon LaRouche. This politician aimed to prove his frugality by being photographed with a hole in his shoe. Alabama Senator John Sparkman ran on a ticket with this politician, whose own grandfather of the same name was Vice President under Grover Cleveland. This divorc\u00c3\u00a9e reclaimed a frequent smear by proclaiming, \"Eggheads of the world, unite!\" This man, who served as Ambassador to the UN during the Cuban Missile Crisis, lost one election after an opposing VP candidate agreed to return all ill-gotten donations except his dog Checkers. For 10 points, name this Democratic governor of Illinois who lost two presidential elections to Dwight Eisenhower.", "answer": "Adlai Ewing Stevenson II [do not accept \"Adlai Stevenson Jr.\"]", "page": "Adlai_Stevenson_II", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bafc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93259, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 230], [231, 380], [381, 470], [471, 664], [665, 779]], "first_sentence": "This politician's son lost an election for governor after founding the Solidarity Party to ditch two candidates backed by Lyndon LaRouche.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one essay, this thinker described an unscrupulous but powerful class of men full of \"coarse energy\" he called the \"bruisers.\" At the end of another essay, he imagined an ideal artist who could \"walk the world over\" and be unable \"to find a condition inopportune or ignoble.\" This thinker described the gift of \"a wicked dollar which by and by I shall have the manhood to withhold\" in an essay instructing the reader to \"speak what you think now in hard words, and tomorrow speak what tomorrow thinks in hard words again.\" That essay by this thinker proposes that \"to be great is to be misunderstood\" and argues, \"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds.\" For 10 points, name this American author of \"The Poet\" and \"Self-Reliance.\"", "answer": "Ralph Waldo Emerson", "page": "Ralph_Waldo_Emerson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bafd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93260, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [127, 277], [278, 523], [523, 672], [673, 748]], "first_sentence": "In one essay, this thinker described an unscrupulous but powerful class of men full of \"coarse energy\" he called the \"bruisers.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A prophet of this name retells Zenos's [ZEE-nuss-iz] allegory, comparing Gentiles and Jews to cultivated and wild olive trees, in a namesake book which comes third in the Book of Mormon. This name graces the last man named in the opening of the Jewish Amidah prayer, a Biblical character who made peace with the leader of the Edomites after using peeled, spotted sticks in the process of breeding spotted sheep. That man of this name kept the rival concubines Bilhah and Zilpah, and worked two seven-year indentures for Laban after using the offer of a bowl of stew to trick his brother into handing over his birthright. For 10 points, give this name of the Hebrew patriarch who was born holding his twin brother Esau, and who was renamed Israel after wrestling an angel and seeing a namesake ladder to heaven.", "answer": "Jacob [or Ya'akov; do not accept \"Israel\" or \"Yisrael\"]", "page": "Jacob", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bafe", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93261, "tokenizations": [[0, 186], [187, 411], [412, 620], [621, 810]], "first_sentence": "A prophet of this name retells Zenos's [ZEE-nuss-iz] allegory, comparing Gentiles and Jews to cultivated and wild olive trees, in a namesake book which comes third in the Book of Mormon.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a short story by this author, a clerk whose office has run out of cash is instead paid in defective matches. In a satirical play by this man, a zoologist discovers a method of massive reproduction which is accidentally used to produce vast amounts of snakes, ostriches, and crocodiles, instead of much-needed chickens. This author of \"Diaboliad\" and The Fatal Eggs also described the transplant of a human pituitary gland and testicles that transform Sharik into Polygraph Polygraphovich. This author created a character who predicts the death of Berlioz, a member of MASSOLIT, by decapitation. The title lovers of that novel by this author are reunited and granted peace with the help of Woland. For 10 points, name this author of The Heart of a Dog and The Master and Margarita.", "answer": "Mikhail Bulgakov", "page": "Mikhail_Bulgakov", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9baff", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93262, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 321], [322, 491], [492, 597], [598, 699], [700, 783]], "first_sentence": "In a short story by this author, a clerk whose office has run out of cash is instead paid in defective matches.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An enzyme that binds to this protein forms a heterodimer with APPBP1 to modify another protein very similar to this one called NEDD8. Another enzyme that binds to this protein is encoded in humans by CDC34. This protein forms thioester linkages with three different classes of enzymes with which it interacts in sequence. This protein forms an isopeptide bond between its C-terminal glycine residue and a lysine side chain on its substrate. This protein binds to namesake \"activating\" and \"conjugating\" enzymes, labeled E1 and E2, and its attachment to targets by E3 ligases directs those targets to the proteasome. For 10 points, name this small protein that gets attached to proteins targeted for degradation, which is named for the fact that it is found in almost all cells.", "answer": "ubiquitin", "page": "Ubiquitin", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb00", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93263, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 206], [207, 321], [322, 440], [441, 615], [616, 777]], "first_sentence": "An enzyme that binds to this protein forms a heterodimer with APPBP1 to modify another protein very similar to this one called NEDD8.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In an amusing interview, a player for this NBA team recounted that a teammate elbowed him in practice and yelled \"I'm the only Silverback!\" This team owns the rights to FC Barcelona center Tibor Pleiss, and their starting center is the brother of Olympic shot put gold medalist Valerie. Their recent draft picks include Josh Huestis and Mitch McGary. This team's best player was labeled \"Mr. Unreliable\" during a 2014 playoff series against Memphis, missed the start of the 2014 season with a broken foot, and gave a speech calling his mom \"the real MVP.\" Nick Collison and Steven Adams play for this team, whose GM Sam Presti failed to re-sign former star James Harden. For 10 points, name this team whose players include Serge Ibaka, Russell Westbrook, and Kevin Durant.", "answer": "Oklahoma City Thunder [accept either underlined portion; or OKC]", "page": "Oklahoma_City_Thunder", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb01", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93264, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 286], [287, 350], [351, 555], [556, 670], [671, 772]], "first_sentence": "In an amusing interview, a player for this NBA team recounted that a teammate elbowed him in practice and yelled \"I'm the only Silverback!\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 2010 paper reported that a new calculation of one of these quantities differs by 5.0 standard deviations from CODATA's value. That quantity is the \"charge\" type of this property for the proton. The Stokes-Einstein equation for the diffusion constant has this value and viscosity in the denominator. Another of these quantities is equal to h-bar divided by electron mass, speed of light, and fine structure constant and is named for Bohr. This value is inversely proportional to centripetal acceleration, and is crossed with force to give torque. A type of this property is defined as the distance at which line cannot escape a black hole and is named for Schwarzschild. For 10 points, name this property that is multiplied by 2 pi to give the circumference of a circle.", "answer": "radius [or charge radius; or Bohr radius; or Schwarzschild radius]", "page": "Radius", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb02", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93265, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 195], [196, 300], [301, 439], [440, 547], [548, 671], [672, 771]], "first_sentence": "A 2010 paper reported that a new calculation of one of these quantities differs by 5.0 standard deviations from CODATA's value.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One character in this book is serenaded with \"For He's a Jolly Good Fellow\" after defusing the offense he caused by refusing a strong drink. Another character in this book owns a knife covered in Indian symbols with precious gems on its sheath. Early in this novel, the title character falls into disrepute after claiming that he'd kill half of a howling dog. In this novella, Patsy Cooper takes in two Italian boarders who get accused of the murder of a judge. The title character of this novel, set in Dawson's Landing, exonerates Luigi and Angelo Capello and reveals Judge Driscoll's true murderer by demonstrating fingerprinting. For 10 points, name this Mark Twain novella in which the slave Roxana switches her child with her master's, a scheme foiled by the title lawyer with a pejorative nickname.", "answer": "The Tragedy of Puddn'head Wilson", "page": "Pudd'nhead_Wilson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb03", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93266, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 244], [245, 359], [360, 461], [462, 633], [634, 805]], "first_sentence": "One character in this book is serenaded with \"For He's a Jolly Good Fellow\" after defusing the offense he caused by refusing a strong drink.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This philosopher drew key ideas from the work of Roger Schank's lab at Yale. This man revised his social ontology in Making the Social World, updating his view that \"status indicators\" make institutional facts out of what G.E.M. Anscombe previously called \"brute facts.\" This man insisted on the type-token distinction during a feud in which he attacked the obscurantism of Jacques Derrida. This author of The Construction of Social Reality said that it is impossible to derive intentionality from a set of symbols, prompting the \"systems reply\" and \"many mansions\" reply. He posited an isolated man who uses a list of instructions to reply to writings in a language he doesn't know. For 10 points, name this American thinker who attacked Strong AI with his Chinese Room thought experiment.", "answer": "John Rogers Searle", "page": "John_Searle", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb04", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93267, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 269], [269, 390], [391, 572], [573, 683], [684, 790]], "first_sentence": "This philosopher drew key ideas from the work of Roger Schank's lab at Yale.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Sylvia Plath described a figure painted by this non-Italian as coming out of \"Eden's navel\" in a poem describing another figure's \"moony eye.\" This man put a row of red flowers along the bottom of a double portrait of Marie Laurencin and Guillaume Apollinaire called The Muse Inspiring the Poet. In another painting, he depicted his mistress Yadwiga with lotus flowers and a dark camouflaged man in the shadows. This painter placed a mandolin and vase on the sand under a clear night sky in a painting in which a lion \"picks up [the] scent\" of the title person but \"does not devour her.\" He also painted a dark woman standing between a river and a forest while playing a flute. For 10 points, name this French Primitivist painter of The Dream, The Snake Charmer, and The Sleeping Gypsy.", "answer": "Henri Julien F\u00c3\u00a9lix Rousseau", "page": "Henri_Rousseau", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb05", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93268, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [141, 295], [296, 411], [412, 587], [588, 677], [678, 786]], "first_sentence": "Sylvia Plath described a figure painted by this non-Italian as coming out of \"Eden's navel\" in a poem describing another figure's \"moony eye.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A composition with this title is the first piece of Karol Szymanowski's Op. 34, a set of three Masques for piano. Three poems by Tristan Klingsor formed the basis for a song cycle for soprano and orchestra of this title written by Maurice Ravel, who also wrote a \"fairy overture\" of this name. In another composition of this name, a solo violin playing over harp arpeggios represents the title character, and a pesante unison theme represents her husband. That composition named for this character includes such movements as \"The Young Prince and the Young Princess,\" \"The Kalendar Prince,\" and \"The Sea and Sinbad's Ship.\" For 10 points, name this woman who titles a suite by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov based on the One Thousand and One Nights", "answer": "Scheherezade", "page": "Scheherazade", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb06", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93269, "tokenizations": [[0, 75], [76, 113], [114, 293], [294, 455], [456, 623], [624, 741]], "first_sentence": "A composition with this title is the first piece of Karol Szymanowski's Op.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The speaker of a poem by this man bemoans the idea of \"someone else drowned in that lash-wide stare\" and blames his problems on \"something to do with violence, / a long way back, and wrong rewards, / and arrogant eternity.\" The speaker of another poem by this man experiences a \"sharp tender shock\" upon seeing a stone earl's hand still clasping his wife's, as \"such faithfulness in effigy / was just a detail friends would see.\" This author of \"Love Again\" and \"An Arundel Tomb\" described death as \"nothing to think with / nothing to love or link with / the anesthetic from which none come round.\" For 10 points, name this 20th-century British poet of \"Aubade,\" who acknowledged that \"your mum and dad\" \"were fucked up in their turn\" in \"This Be the Verse.\"", "answer": "Philip Larkin", "page": "Philip_Larkin", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb07", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93270, "tokenizations": [[0, 222], [222, 223], [224, 391], [392, 428], [428, 429], [430, 598], [599, 758]], "first_sentence": "The speaker of a poem by this man bemoans the idea of \"someone else drowned in that lash-wide stare\" and blames his problems on \"something to do with violence, / a long way back, and wrong rewards, / and arrogant eternity.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the Borel hierarchy, sets with this property correspond to the class denoted by a pi with superscript zero and subscript 1. The diagonal set, defined as a subset of the product space of X with itself, has this property if and only if X is Hausdorff. A sequence of real valued continuous functions defined on a finite bounded interval with this property has a uniformly convergent subsequence, according to the Arzela-Ascoli theorem. Cantor's intersection theorem begins by considering a decreasing sequence of nonempty, bounded sets with this property. A subspace is compact if and only if it is bounded and has this property according to the Heine-Borel theorem. The Cantor set has this property because it contains only boundary points. For 10 points, name this property of sets that have an open complement.", "answer": "closure [or closed]", "page": "Closure_(mathematics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb08", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93271, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 252], [253, 435], [436, 555], [556, 666], [667, 741], [742, 813]], "first_sentence": "In the Borel hierarchy, sets with this property correspond to the class denoted by a pi with superscript zero and subscript 1.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one oration, this man argued that alleging \"fanaticism\" as a negative trait discredits brave historical figures such as Martin Luther and John Milton. This man was honored by the words \"My countrymen! Know one another, and you will love one another,\" from a eulogy delivered by former \"fire-eater\" Lucius Lamar of Mississippi. This opponent of the Santo Domingo annexation scheme warned of \"the black flag of the land pirates from Missouri\" in a speech which likened Andrew Butler of South Carolina to Don Quixote and Stephen Douglas to Sancho Panza, and which denounced \"the harlot, Slavery.\" For 10 points, name this Radical Republican, a Massachusetts senator whose speech \"The Crime Against Kansas\" prompted Preston Brooks to beat him with a cane.", "answer": "Charles Sumner", "page": "Charles_Sumner", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb09", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93272, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 203], [204, 329], [330, 596], [597, 754]], "first_sentence": "In one oration, this man argued that alleging \"fanaticism\" as a negative trait discredits brave historical figures such as Martin Luther and John Milton.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One common application of the Thorpe-Ingold effect is in the acceleration of these reactions by the addition of a geminal-dimethyl group to the reactant molecule. Concerted examples of these reactions that also have negative entropies of activation can have conrotatory or disrotatory transition states. A radical-rearrangement of an enediyne is one type of this reaction named for Bergmann. All exo-tet and exo-trig varieties of these reactions are favored, according to Baldwin's rules. When intramolecular, these reactions are fastest when reacting groups are five carbons away. One example of this type of reaction is a condensation named for Dieckmann which forms beta-ketoesters. For 10 points, name these reactions that form rings from carbon chains.", "answer": "cyclizations [accept ring-forming reaction before mention; accept Bergmann cyclization; anti-prompt on \"lactonization\", \"electrocyclization\", \"cycloaddition\", or \"pericyclic reaction", "page": "Pericyclic_reaction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb0a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93273, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 303], [304, 391], [392, 488], [489, 581], [582, 685], [686, 757]], "first_sentence": "One common application of the Thorpe-Ingold effect is in the acceleration of these reactions by the addition of a geminal-dimethyl group to the reactant molecule.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Chapter 5 of Erich Auerbach's Mimesis analyzes a council at which this man asks to be handed a bow, and compares him to Saint Alexis. In one work in which he appears, this character unsuccessfully tries to break his sword against some rocks. After learning of his death, this character's betrothed Aude falls dead at the feet of her king. In another poem, he realizes that his beloved has left him for Medoro and is then struck with a \"horrendous madness.\" This character is betrayed by his stepfather Ganelon, and his death results from his initial refusal to blow a horn in order to alert the retreating Frankish army. For 10 points, name this wielder of the sword Durendal who appears in a Renaissance epic poem by Ludovico Ariosto and an eleventh-century French epic called his \"song.\"", "answer": "Roland [or Orlando]", "page": "Roland", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb0b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93274, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 241], [242, 338], [339, 455], [455, 620], [621, 789]], "first_sentence": "Chapter 5 of Erich Auerbach's Mimesis analyzes a council at which this man asks to be handed a bow, and compares him to Saint Alexis.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An aria in this opera strikes its lowest note, a C-natural, on the first syllable of the heavily accented phrase \"l'ombre mostrarsi.\" Another aria in this opera is usually transposed down a whole step from F to E-flat, and was written explicitly for Fanny Tacchinardi Persiani. In this opera, the protagonist sings the aria \"Regnava nel silenzio,\" in which she informs her maid Alisa that she has seen the ghost of a girl killed by her ancestor. The title woman of this opera sings \"Il dolce suono\" in a famous \"mad scene\" in which she fantasizes about her beloved Edgardo after murdering her husband Arturo. For 10 points, name this opera which was adapted from a Walter Scott novel, by Gaetano Donizetti.", "answer": "Lucia di Lammermoor", "page": "Lucia_di_Lammermoor", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483dea23cc9417e9bb0c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93275, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 277], [278, 445], [446, 608], [609, 706]], "first_sentence": "An aria in this opera strikes its lowest note, a C-natural, on the first syllable of the heavily accented phrase \"l'ombre mostrarsi.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Two books about exploring this ruler's domain were written by Russian Red Cross volunteer Alexander Bulatovich as the also-Russian officer Nikolay Leontiev was giving this ruler military advice and artillery supplies. This man's queen Taitu became effective regent after a series of strokes paralyzed him. This ruler came to power after Yohannes IV died at the battle of Gallabat. This man ruled during a conflict sparked by a mistranslation found in Article 17 of the Treaty of Wuchale, which he signed, and he took his regnal name from a fabled son of the Queen of Sheba and King Solomon. This king's forces defeated Oreste Baratieri at Adowa. For 10 points, name this man who repelled an Italian invasion and founded Addis Ababa as emperor of Ethiopia at the turn of the 20th century.", "answer": "Menelik II [or Sahle Maryam]", "page": "Menelik_II", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb0d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93276, "tokenizations": [[0, 217], [218, 305], [306, 380], [381, 590], [591, 645], [646, 787]], "first_sentence": "Two books about exploring this ruler's domain were written by Russian Red Cross volunteer Alexander Bulatovich as the also-Russian officer Nikolay Leontiev was giving this ruler military advice and artillery supplies.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This psychologist extended the capacity model of attention to allow for a flexible capacity, which can be divided to an extent determined by effort. This living man showed that individuals underestimate the amount of time they need to do any task, which is the \"planning fallacy.\" This author of Attention and Effort wrote that people are more likely to identify Linda as a \"bank teller and feminist\" than just a \"bank teller.\" This man formulated the concept of \"anchoring,\" and he identified availability and representativeness as examples of heuristics that lead to biases. This Nobel laureate proposed that utility be modeled as a function of change in wealth instead of absolute wealth, which helps explain why people avoid risk. For 10 points, name this co-developer of prospect theory with Amos Tversky.", "answer": "Daniel Kahneman", "page": "Daniel_Kahneman", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb0e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93277, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 279], [279, 280], [281, 426], [426, 576], [577, 734], [735, 810]], "first_sentence": "This psychologist extended the capacity model of attention to allow for a flexible capacity, which can be divided to an extent determined by effort.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This figure eats all but one of Fish's eggs, but escapes blame by continually wiping a mark off of the remaining egg as it is counted. This character claims that he had to bury his father in his head, which proves that he is older than the rabbit or the porcupine, and he is able to turn an ear of corn into a following of one hundred soldiers. He pretended to measure the length of a branch against the length of a snake, allowing him to capture that python. While climbing a tree, he dropped a pot full of wisdom, allowing wisdom to spread across the world. He traded the python Onini, the hornets Mmoboro, and the leopard Osebo in exchange for all of the world's stories from his sky god father Nyame. For 10 points, name this wily character from West African folklore who is depicted as a spider", "answer": "Anansi [or Kwaku Ananse]", "page": "Anansi", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb0f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93278, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 344], [345, 459], [460, 559], [560, 704], [705, 799]], "first_sentence": "This figure eats all but one of Fish's eggs, but escapes blame by continually wiping a mark off of the remaining egg as it is counted.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A pope with this name led an Italian league that fought off Saracen pirates at the Battle of Ostia, and ordered the construction of a wall around a namesake \"City\" that included the Borgo and the Vatican. Another pope of this name tried to organize a crusade against Selim I, but was better known for his high spending and ownership of a white elephant named Hanno. The most recent pope with this name issued an encyclical calling for capitalism to address the concerns of the working class, titled Rerum Novarum. The successor of Julius II had this name, and his construction of St. Peter's Basilica led to the sale of indulgences, criticism of which led him to issue the papal bull Exsurge Domine. For 10 points, name this papal name whose tenth holder was an opponent of Martin Luther.", "answer": "Leo [or Leo IV; or Leo XIII; or Leo X]", "page": "Lior\u00e9_et_Olivier", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb10", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93279, "tokenizations": [[0, 204], [205, 365], [366, 513], [514, 699], [700, 788]], "first_sentence": "A pope with this name led an Italian league that fought off Saracen pirates at the Battle of Ostia, and ordered the construction of a wall around a namesake \"City\" that included the Borgo and the Vatican.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of these events was partly caused by Alexander Rigby's diversion of resources to his siege of Lathom House and took place at Bolton during the English Civil War. Another of these events occurred under the pretense that the MacDonald clan was too slow in pledging allegiance to William and Mary, but was motivated by its rivalry with the Campbells. The sister of Sweyn Forkbeard may have died during one of these events that was motivated by tributes and Danish raids against the English. In addition to ones named for Glencoe and St. Brice's Day, an event of this type occurred after a speech by Henry Hunt at a Manchester gathering in protest of poor economic conditions caused by the Corn Laws. For 10 points, name these violent events that include one called Peterloo.", "answer": "massacres of civilians [accept stormings of cities before \"MacDonald\"; accept any answer indicating that many civilians are being killed in a short period of time]", "page": "Massacre", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb11", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93280, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 351], [352, 491], [492, 700], [701, 775]], "first_sentence": "One of these events was partly caused by Alexander Rigby's diversion of resources to his siege of Lathom House and took place at Bolton during the English Civil War.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The proteins CDC42 and Rac1 stimulate the formation of structures composed of this protein. Staining of structures containing this protein is typically done with phalloidin derivatives. Lengthening of structures made of this protein is promoted by formin, while its branching is caused by the Arp2/3 complex. This protein's \"barbed end,\" where polymerization typically occurs, can bind to the protein CapZ, which prevents assembly. This protein's binding sites are blocked by tropomyosin bound to the troponin complex within the sarcomere. For 10 points name this protein which is bound to by myosin during muscle contraction, and which makes up the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.", "answer": "actin", "page": "Actin", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb12", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93281, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 185], [186, 308], [309, 431], [432, 539], [540, 685]], "first_sentence": "The proteins CDC42 and Rac1 stimulate the formation of structures composed of this protein.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Because a dog saved this ethnic group's founding father, it upholds a taboo on using dog fur or eating dog meat to this day. It's not the French, but famille rose and famille verte enamel pottery emerged under this ethnic group's rule, for which Giuseppe Castiglione helped build a palace. These winners of the Battle of Sarhu included Bordered Yellow and Plain White among the divisions of their armies in the Eight Banners system. This group used Latin to write a treaty with Russia signed at Nerchinsk, rose to prominence under Nurhachi, and won at Shanhai Pass against Li Zicheng. This Tungusic ethnicity descended from the group which deposed the Northern Song dynasty, the Jurchens. For 10 points, name this queue-wearing ethnic group which ruled China during the Qing dynasty.", "answer": ": Manchus [or Manju; or Manzu; accept Jurchens until mentioned]", "page": "Manj\u016b", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb13", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93282, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 289], [290, 432], [433, 584], [585, 688], [689, 783]], "first_sentence": "Because a dog saved this ethnic group's founding father, it upholds a taboo on using dog fur or eating dog meat to this day.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This idea constitutes a \"formal determining ground\" unlike the \"material determining grounds\" of the will. Judge Raveh examines a defendant in a glass box on his \"household use\" of this idea in Chapter 8 of Hannah Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem. Philippa Foot rejected this concept in favor of a \"System\" of weaker, \"hypothetical\" replacements. Adherence to this idea allows a person to escape heteronomy. One formulation of this idea envisions all men as legislators in the \"kingdom of ends.\" Its discoverer applied it to condemn masturbation as use of one's self as a means rather than an end. For 10 points, name this principle that one should act only by maxims that can be willed as universal law, devised in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant.", "answer": "categorical imperative [or kategorischer Imperativ; prompt on \"imperative;\" prompt on \"duty\"; prompt on \"autonomy\"; prompt on \"practical reason\" or \"pure practical reason\" or \"reason\" or \"moral law\"]", "page": "Categorical_imperative", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb14", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93283, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 245], [246, 344], [345, 405], [406, 492], [492, 493], [494, 595], [596, 775]], "first_sentence": "This idea constitutes a \"formal determining ground\" unlike the \"material determining grounds\" of the will.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "When alpha to a sulfoxide group, groups containing this element migrate in a common variation of the Pummerer rearrangement. Transmetalation of groups from this element to palladium is a key step in the Hiyama cross-coupling. When groups containing this element are geminal or vicinal to hydroxyl groups, they rearrange to ethers of this element in the Brook rearrangement. Enol derivatives of those ethers of this element are reacted with aldehydes or formates in the Mukaiyama aldol reaction, and ethers of this element are generally useful protecting groups for alcohols. The tetramethyl derivative of this element is defined to have a chemical shift of 0 ppm in proton NMR, and its dioxide is the main component of glass. For 10 points, name this tetravalent element used in microchips.", "answer": "silicon", "page": "Silicon", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb15", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93284, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 225], [226, 373], [374, 574], [575, 725], [726, 790]], "first_sentence": "When alpha to a sulfoxide group, groups containing this element migrate in a common variation of the Pummerer rearrangement.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Malvina Hoffman helped restore some of the works of this sculptor, who persuaded her to study anatomy in Manhattan. Many of his works are housed in a museum at his former workshop, the Hotel Biron, to which he was introduced by his secretary Rainer Maria Rilke. He also taught and sculpted his lover Camille Claudel. This sculptor made his Saint John the Baptist Preaching larger than life-size due to critics accusing him of casting an earlier sculpture from a living model. He used that John the Baptist sculpture, minus the arms and head, as the basis for his The Walking Man. This creator of The Age of Bronze also executed a sculpture of Dante derived from his The Gates of Hell. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Thinker.", "answer": "Auguste Rodin", "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb16", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93285, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 261], [262, 316], [317, 475], [476, 579], [580, 684], [685, 741]], "first_sentence": "Malvina Hoffman helped restore some of the works of this sculptor, who persuaded her to study anatomy in Manhattan.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In Cherokee myth, evil little people are named for these objects, in contrast with the laurel people and dogwood people. The Norse gods placed one deep in the earth under Lyngvi and attached it to another one named Thviti. On the advice of Phineus, a dove was used to overcome two of these, and in book 14 of the Iliad, Ajax almost kills Hector with one. They 're not rivers, but one named Gjoll was used in the binding of Fenrir. Deucalion and Pyrrha threw these objects over their shoulders to create humans. After telling his wife Merope not to bury him, and chaining Hades or Thanatos, a king of Corinth got a punishment involving one. A pair of them, the Symplegades, threatened to wreck the Argo. For 10 points, name these objects, one of which Sisyphus must eternally roll up a hill.", "answer": "rocks [or boulders; or stones; accept other reasonable equivalents]", "page": "Rock_(geology)", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb17", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93286, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 222], [223, 354], [355, 430], [431, 510], [511, 639], [640, 702], [703, 790]], "first_sentence": "In Cherokee myth, evil little people are named for these objects, in contrast with the laurel people and dogwood people.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Cancer of this organ can be treated with vismodegib, which is sold as Erivedge. Most patients with Gorlin syndrome develop cancer of this organ, which can be removed in surgeries described by the acronym CCPDMA. The progress of cancer in this organ can be measured by the Clark level and Breslow's depth. This organ is the target of the surgical procedure EDC, which stands for \"electrodessication and curettage.\" Lentigo maligna is a variety of one of this organ's cancers. This organ can develop the usually non-lethal basal cell carcinoma, and the deadliest cancer of this organ occurs in cells that produce a namesake dark pigment. For 10 points, name this primary organ affected by melanoma", "answer": "skin", "page": "Skin", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb18", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93287, "tokenizations": [[0, 79], [80, 211], [212, 304], [305, 412], [412, 474], [475, 635], [636, 695]], "first_sentence": "Cancer of this organ can be treated with vismodegib, which is sold as Erivedge.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This novel's narrator finds benzene to wipe off a message written in purple lipstick across a woman's stomach before she wakes up and calls him \"boo'ful\" over and over. Emma asks for a dance at a fancy club called the Chthonian in this novel, in which a man known as Supercargo eggs on a fight between veterans in the Golden Day bar. This novel's title character lets a room from Mary Rambo and becomes friends with Brother Clifton. This book's narrator attends a rally at which \"No more dispossessing of the dispossessed!\" is chanted. At a eulogy in this novel, Ras the Destroyer incites massive race riots, during which the narrator falls underground via a manhole and concludes that his personal identity is unnoticed by white people. For 10 points, name this novel by Ralph Ellison.", "answer": "Invisible Man", "page": "Invisible_Man", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb19", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93288, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 333], [334, 432], [433, 535], [536, 737], [738, 786]], "first_sentence": "This novel's narrator finds benzene to wipe off a message written in purple lipstick across a woman's stomach before she wakes up and calls him \"boo'ful\" over and over.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A certain \"Mestre Jacome\" who served this man is identified with a Majorcan Jew named Jehud\u00c3\u00a0 Cresques. After his failed attack on the Marinid sultanate, this man's brother Ferdinand the Holy Prince was taken prisoner and died in captivity at Fez. This member of the Illustrious Generation funded his activities through his mastery of the Order of Christ, and like his brother Edward the Philosopher, he was a son of Philippa of Lancaster. This man sent Gil Eanes on an expedition to pass Cape Bojador, and many of his feats were made possible by the development of caravels. This man convinced his father John I to conquer the Moroccan port of Ceuta. For 10 points, name this member of the House of Aviz, a Portuguese patron of exploration who helped launch the Age of Discovery.", "answer": "Henry the Navigator [or Prince Henry of Aviz; or Infante Dom Henrique de Avis, Duke of Viseu", "page": "Prince_Henry_the_Navigator", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb1a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93289, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 247], [248, 439], [440, 575], [576, 651], [652, 780]], "first_sentence": "A certain \"Mestre Jacome\" who served this man is identified with a Majorcan Jew named Jehud\u00c3\u00a0 Cresques.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The speaker of one poem in this collection describes himself as \"the word without echoes, he who lost everything and he who had everything\" after addressing \"you who are silent,\" a white bee \"drunk with honey\" that buzzes in the speaker's soul. This collection contains a poem that includes the lines \"The night is starry and the stars are blue and shiver in the distance\" and \"Love is so short, forgetting is so long.\" The speaker declares, \"You look like a world lying in surrender\" after noting the \"white hills, white thighs\" of the title thing in \"Body of a Woman.\" The speaker of the last poem in this collection repeatedly exclaims \"In you everything sank!\" right after a poem beginning \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines.\" For 10 points, name this early poetry collection by Pablo Neruda.", "answer": "Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair [or Veinte poemas de amor y una canci\u00c3\u00b3n desesperada]", "page": "Twenty_Love_Poems_and_a_Song_of_Despair", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb1b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93290, "tokenizations": [[0, 244], [245, 300], [301, 419], [420, 570], [571, 664], [665, 734], [735, 800]], "first_sentence": "The speaker of one poem in this collection describes himself as \"the word without echoes, he who lost everything and he who had everything\" after addressing \"you who are silent,\" a white bee \"drunk with honey\" that buzzes in the speaker's soul.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A sedimentary basin named for this period in western Texas has the world's thickest deposits dating from here. Its latter part involved the upward rifting of the Cimmerian subcontinent, an event that formed the Neo-Tethys sea. Swamp-loving lycopod trees were gradually replaced in continental interiors by advanced species of seed ferns and conifers in this period. Olson's extinction is a small event that occurred is in the middle of this period. By the end of this period, dicynodonts and gorgonopsians dominated terrestrial fauna. The supercontinent Pangea existed throughout this period, which the Siberian traps may have ended. The Carboniferous period preceded, for 10 points, what last geologic period of the Paleozoic, which ended with a massive extinction event that ushered in the Triassic?", "answer": "Permian period", "page": "Permian", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb1c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93291, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 226], [227, 365], [366, 448], [449, 534], [535, 633], [634, 801]], "first_sentence": "A sedimentary basin named for this period in western Texas has the world's thickest deposits dating from here.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This poem's speaker questions the \"joy we ever should come near\" if \"we were things born / Not to shed a tear\" and asks, \"What objects are the fountains / Of thy happy strain?\" Images in this poem include a \"rose embowered / In its own green leaves\" and a \"glow-worm golden / In a dell of dew.\" This poem's speaker states \"The world should listen then \u00c2\u2013 as I am listening now\" after declaring that if the title figure would teach him \"half the gladness / That thy brain must know, / Such harmonious madness / From my lips would flow.\" This poem begins with its speaker exclaiming, \"Hail to thee, blithe Spirit!\" For 10 points, name this poem addressing a bird, by Percy Shelley.", "answer": "\"To a Skylark\"", "page": "To_a_Skylark", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb1d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93292, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 175], [175, 224], [225, 275], [276, 293], [293, 455], [456, 509], [510, 534], [534, 612], [613, 679]], "first_sentence": "This poem's speaker questions the \"joy we ever should come near\" if \"we were things born / Not to shed a tear\" and asks, \"What objects are the fountains /", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Previously unknown works by this composer were featured at the Concerti Tigulliani organized by Olga Rudge and Ezra Pound, who helped popularize his music. Fritz Kreisler wrote a C major concerto that he falsely attributed to this composer. Alfredo Casella organized a week in 1939 honoring him, reviving his now-popular Gloria. His works were most thoroughly catalogued by Peter Ryom, who gave them their RV numbers. Bach's Concerto for Four Harpsichords is an adaptation of the tenth piece in this composer's L'Estro Armonico. He imitated the barking of a dog in the first of the programmatic violin concerti that open his The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this Italian violinist of the Baroque era who composed The Four Seasons", "answer": "Antonio Vivaldi", "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb1e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93293, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 240], [241, 328], [329, 417], [418, 528], [529, 667], [668, 759]], "first_sentence": "Previously unknown works by this composer were featured at the Concerti Tigulliani organized by Olga Rudge and Ezra Pound, who helped popularize his music.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A bored office worker in a poem by this man asks many questions of a shopkeeper so \"that their hands might touch\u00c2\u2026that their faces, their lips / might move close together as though by chance.\" The speaker of another poem by this author of \"He Asked About the Quality\" asks why his leaders have \"put on bracelets with so many amethysts, / and rings sparkling with magnificent emeralds.\" The speaker of a poem by this man advises the reader to \"hope your road is a long one\" and notes that you will not encounter obstacles \"unless you bring them along inside your soul.\" The title figure of a fourth poem by this man is told to \"say goodbye to her, to the Alexandria you are losing.\" For 10 points, name this Modern Greek poet of \"Waiting for the Barbarians,\" \"Ithaka,\" and \"The God Abandons Antony.\"", "answer": "Constantine Cavafy", "page": "Constantine_P._Cavafy", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb1f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93294, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [191, 192], [193, 384], [384, 385], [386, 567], [567, 681], [682, 798]], "first_sentence": "A bored office worker in a poem by this man asks many questions of a shopkeeper so \"that their hands might touch\u00c2\u2026that their faces, their lips / might move close together as though by chance.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This property, when combined with a set of behaviors including pseudogap phenomena, spectral weight transfer, and T-linear resistivity, produces Mott insulators. Spin-polarized STM uses tips made from materials with this property, which occurs in manganese-nickel and manganese-platinum alloys. Triangular lattices of interactions with this property results in geometrical frustration, according to a model where this property exists if all of the interaction terms Jij [J-sub-i-j] are negative. At room temperature, chromium is the only pure element with this property, but it becomes paramagnetic above its 308K N\u00c3\u00a9el temperature. For 10 points, name this property among two described by the Ising model, a magnetic state that exists when neighboring spins point in opposite directions", "answer": "antiferromagnetism [do not accept or prompt on \"ferromagnetism\"]", "page": "Antiferromagnetism", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb20", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93295, "tokenizations": [[0, 161], [162, 294], [295, 495], [496, 632], [633, 787]], "first_sentence": "This property, when combined with a set of behaviors including pseudogap phenomena, spectral weight transfer, and T-linear resistivity, produces Mott insulators.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A Barbara Kruger work superimposes the caption \"You invest in the divinity of the masterpiece\" on the center of this painting. In his essay entitled \"Who's Who [in this work],\" Leo Steinberg argued that the way one figure uses only his thumb and index finger to grip the shoulder of another reflects Eucharistic practice. In an adjacent painting, this work's title figure sleeps with his back to a tree stump, while in this work, he rests on a green hill and faces a mass of bodies surrounded by a large red cloth, resembling a brain. This entry in a larger series is between depictions of the prophets Rehoboam and Asa, and follows the separation of land from sea. For 10 points, name this Michelangelo work in the Sistine Chapel that shows the title figure and his Maker touching index fingers.", "answer": "The Creation of Adam [prompt on \"Sistine Chapel\" or \"Sistine Chapel ceiling\" before \"sleeps\"]", "page": "The_Creation_of_Adam", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb21", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93296, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 321], [322, 534], [535, 665], [666, 796]], "first_sentence": "A Barbara Kruger work superimposes the caption \"You invest in the divinity of the masterpiece\" on the center of this painting.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This sect reveres a type of honesty called \"guarding one's tongue.\" This sect rose to prominence in the Chouf mountains. The phrase \"covenant of blood\" refers to this faith's willingness to serve in an army led by another faith. A \"universal mind\" or aql figures into this sect, which reveres the tomb of Sabalan. Adherents believe in exoteric, esoteric, and \"double hidden\" meanings within their Epistles of Wisdom, which are accessible by its majority-female uqqal subgroup but forbidden to juhhal. This faith, which bans intermarriage and conversion, draws on Platonist and Ismaili Shi'a tradition and venerates the caliph al-Hakim. For 10 points, name this secretive monotheistic faith symbolized by a five-colored star, which has historically fought for Israel and against its homeland of Lebanon.", "answer": "Druze [or Muwahiddun; or Ahl-al-Tawhid; or Jabal; do not accept or prompt on \"Muslim,\" \"Ismaili,\" or \"Shi'a\"; be careful not to accept \"Jews\" and ask teams to spell if there is confusion about pronunciation]", "page": "Druze", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb22", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93297, "tokenizations": [[0, 66], [66, 120], [121, 228], [229, 313], [314, 500], [501, 635], [636, 802]], "first_sentence": "This sect reveres a type of honesty called \"guarding one's tongue.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A painting of this battle by William Henry Powell in the US Capitol shows its winning commander standing in a rowboat with his brother as four other men row it through enemy gunfire, a feat which actually happened. In anticipation of this battle, the winning side moved its base away from Black Rock and started building ships behind a sandbar at Presque Isle. Robert Barclay lost this battle, during which Jesse Elliott failed to engage and the Lawrence surrendered despite a battle flag on its side reading \"Don't give up the ship.\" At its end, after the Queen Charlotte was sunk in Put-In Bay, the message \"We have met the enemy and they are ours\" was relayed by Oliver Hazard Perry. For 10 points, name this key naval engagement from the War of 1812, fought on a Great Lake", "answer": "Battle of Lake Erie [accept Battle of Put-in Bay before \"Put-In\" is read]", "page": "Battle_of_Lake_Erie", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb23", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93298, "tokenizations": [[0, 214], [215, 360], [361, 534], [535, 686], [687, 777]], "first_sentence": "A painting of this battle by William Henry Powell in the US Capitol shows its winning commander standing in a rowboat with his brother as four other men row it through enemy gunfire, a feat which actually happened.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This thinker distinguished between \"inner\" and \"outer\" word associations, and used tension vs. relaxation as one of three dichotomies in his tridimensional theory of feeling. This psychologist created a theory where the objects of \"apprehension\" must be focalized using the process of \"apperception.\" Following the work of Donders, this man measured how long it takes to differentiate two stimuli, as part of his extensive experiments on reaction time. This man originated the method of \"introspection\" as part of his psychology of \"voluntarism,\" contrasted with the \"structuralism\" of his student Edward Titchener. This author of Principles of Physiological Psychology founded a lab in Leipzig after studying under Hermann von Helmholtz. For 10 points, name this German founder of experimental psychology.", "answer": "Wilhelm Wundt", "page": "Wilhelm_Wundt", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb24", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93299, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 300], [301, 452], [453, 615], [616, 738], [739, 806]], "first_sentence": "This thinker distinguished between \"inner\" and \"outer\" word associations, and used tension vs. relaxation as one of three dichotomies in his tridimensional theory of feeling.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man gave a speech in support of Ken Cuccinelli in which he used the movie Gattaca to talk about eugenics. After he wrote about an \"insidious drug-war weapon,\" The Washington Times cut his weekly column. This man proposed slashing taxes in places with high unemployment like Cincinnati and Detroit as part of his plan for Economic Freedom Zones. This Republican called the intelligence community \"drunk with power\" during a March 2014 speech at the Berkeley Forum. In 2013, this man led a thirteen hour filibuster against John Brennan's appointment as CIA director. This former ophthalmologist serves as his state's junior senator alongside Mitch McConnell. For 10 points, name this Kentucky senator and libertarian, the son of former Texas congressman Ron", "answer": "Rand Paul [or Randal Howard Paul; prompt on Paul]", "page": "Rand_Paul", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb25", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93300, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 207], [208, 349], [350, 468], [469, 569], [570, 661], [662, 760]], "first_sentence": "This man gave a speech in support of Ken Cuccinelli in which he used the movie Gattaca to talk about eugenics.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This nation's analogue of Molly Pitcher gave her name to an auxiliary women's battalion in operation during World War II, called Lotta Sv\u00c3\u00a4rd. A bishop generally credited with establishing this country's written tradition wrote a primer called ABC-kiria. Frederick Charles of Hesse was the only king of this country, which produced a soldier nicknamed \"White Death\" for being the deadliest sniper in history. This home of Simo H\u00c3\u00a4yh\u00c3\u00a4, prime minister Risto Ryti, and Mikael Agrikola won the Battle of Suomussalmi during a war that led into the Continuation War, in which it built a defensive line running from Taipale to its namesake Gulf. For 10 points, name this country once led by Gustaf Mannerheim, a Baltic nation that fought the Winter War against the neighboring Soviets.", "answer": "Finland [or Suomi]", "page": "Finland", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb26", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93301, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 254], [255, 408], [409, 639], [640, 779]], "first_sentence": "This nation's analogue of Molly Pitcher gave her name to an auxiliary women's battalion in operation during World War II, called Lotta Sv\u00c3\u00a4rd.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character was sent to England to fight in the army of Oliver Cromwell in a novel in which he finally gets his revenge on a man who wronged him in his first appearance. This character wounds Jussac, a member of the Red Guards, and later has an affair with his landlord's wife Constance. This man has a tryst with one of the main villain's agents by disguising himself as her lover, the Comte de Wardes. This hero of the novel Twenty Years After eventually dies in battle after reading that he has been promoted to Marshal of France. This Gascon helps a title group tromp around in opposition to Milady de Winter. For 10 points, name this youngster who assists Athos, Porthos, and Aramis in Alexandre Dumas's The Three Musketeers.", "answer": "d'Artagnan [or Charles Ogier de Batz de Castelmore, Comte d'Artagnan]", "page": "Charles_de_Batz_de_Castelmore_d'Artagnan", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb27", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93302, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 290], [291, 406], [407, 442], [443, 536], [537, 616], [617, 733]], "first_sentence": "This character was sent to England to fight in the army of Oliver Cromwell in a novel in which he finally gets his revenge on a man who wronged him in his first appearance.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The narrator of this story points out that the initials on a silver teaspoon are regretfully not the giver's; that teaspoon, along with other donations like a 5 pound banknote and a silver tobacco box, is placed in a hat next to a candle-box. The arrival of this story's title character results in \"Tuttle's grocery\" importing a carpet and mirrors in order to look nicer. A satirist called \"Boston\" plans a facetious christening in this story that is interrupted by a short speech by Stumpy. Another character in this story has his finger \"rastled\" by a baby, leading him to repeat the phrase \"The damned little cuss!\" At the end of this story, the North Fork floods the title location and Kentuck is found dying with the body of the title child of Cherokee Sal. For 10 points, name this short story by Bret Harte.", "answer": "\"The Luck of Roaring Camp\"", "page": "The_Luck_of_Roaring_Camp", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb28", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93303, "tokenizations": [[0, 242], [243, 371], [372, 491], [492, 618], [619, 762], [763, 814]], "first_sentence": "The narrator of this story points out that the initials on a silver teaspoon are regretfully not the giver's; that teaspoon, along with other donations like a 5 pound banknote and a silver tobacco box, is placed in a hat next to a candle-box.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Enzymes that degrade this molecule can be inhibited by cilomilast and piclamilast. This molecule activates the Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factors, which fall under the Epac family of proteins. Levels of this compound are increased by forskolin. This molecule binds to an enzyme that phosphorylates CREB, which then binds to this molecule's namesake \"response element.\" This compound is degraded by phosphodiesterase 4. In E. coli, this molecule binds to its namesake receptor protein to regulate the lac operon. In signal transduction pathways, this molecule activates protein kinase A after the production of this molecule is catalyzed by adenylyl cyclase. For 10 points, name this \"second messenger\" derived from ATP.", "answer": "cyclic AMP [or cyclic adenosine monophosphate; or cAMP]", "page": "Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb29", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93304, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 197], [198, 249], [250, 372], [372, 373], [374, 423], [424, 516], [517, 662], [663, 724]], "first_sentence": "Enzymes that degrade this molecule can be inhibited by cilomilast and piclamilast.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of these people was made to sit on hot iron plates as burning-hot sand was poured over his body before his execution the next day by drowning in a river. A boy who got this title at age five identified a real queen in a test by sitting on her lap as she was dressed as maidservant, then died at nine from smallpox. The ritual for transferring this title involves five copper coins and a coconut. The most recent one has promulgated the Mul Mantar verse. The last in a set of these leaders called five volunteers to undergo mock-beheading in his tent. The dead body of the first one vanished amid flowers. This title is now and forever held by the Granth Sahib, a holy book. For 10 points, name this religious title whose tenth human holder was Gobind Singh, which was ascribed to Nanak as he began the Sikh faith.", "answer": "Sikh gurus", "page": "Sikh_gurus", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb2a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93305, "tokenizations": [[0, 157], [158, 318], [319, 399], [400, 457], [458, 554], [555, 608], [609, 677], [678, 817]], "first_sentence": "One of these people was made to sit on hot iron plates as burning-hot sand was poured over his body before his execution the next day by drowning in a river.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Anarchist Em\u00c3\u00addio Santana organized an assassination attempt on this man that failed when a bomb hidden in an iron case exploded near his Buick. An anti-communist counter-insurgency group formed under this man was called the Aginter Press. This man had one of his generals court-martialed for disobeying an order to fight to the death in defense of colonies like Daman and Diu. The \"Camp of the Slow Death\" was a nickname for a prison this man built at Tarrafal. This employer of the PIDE police force lost some colonies during Operation Vijay, in which India annexed Goa. Originally a professor of economics, this dictator was succeeded by Marcelo Caetano, who was in turn brought down by the Carnation Revolution. For 10 points, name this founder of the Estado Novo of Portugal.", "answer": "Ant\u00c3\u00b3nio de Oliveira Salazar", "page": "Ant\u00f3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb2b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93306, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 239], [240, 377], [378, 462], [463, 572], [573, 715], [716, 780]], "first_sentence": "Anarchist Em\u00c3\u00addio Santana organized an assassination attempt on this man that failed when a bomb hidden in an iron case exploded near his Buick.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A \"beveled\" style of decorative carving emerged from this dynasty, as did a code of literary etiquette called adab. This dynasty oversaw the failure of its irrigation system in the \"black land,\" or Sawab, south of its capital. Three brothers serving this dynasty sketched many hydraulic automata in a Book of Ingenious Devices. This dynasty briefly persecuted heretics at its mihna court. This dynasty's capital had four gates spaced 90 degrees apart around perfectly round walls. The Barmakid family advised this dynasty early on. A book on solving linear equations, the Al-Jabr, was written by al-Khwarizmi under this dynasty among translators of Greek at its House of Wisdom. For 10 points, name this dynasty of Harun al-Rashid, a caliphate centered at Baghdad which overthrew the Umayyads.", "answer": "Abbasid caliphate [or 'Abbasid dynasty]", "page": "Abbasid_Caliphate", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb2c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93307, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 226], [227, 327], [328, 388], [389, 480], [481, 531], [532, 678], [679, 793]], "first_sentence": "A \"beveled\" style of decorative carving emerged from this dynasty, as did a code of literary etiquette called adab.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This thinker decried the \"social\" realm as that in which the \"life process\" of the private realm is made public. This thinker, who used the phrase \"the rule of nobody\" to describe the regime of bureaucracy, edited posthumous papers of Walter Benjamin into the book Illuminations after his suicide, and proposed a trichotomy between labor, work, and action, three components of the vita activa. This thinker described how the mistreatment of stateless persons fed into a period of \"radical evil\" in \"Ideology and Terror,\" the last chapter of a book which analyzed camps as paradigmatic of a new type of regime. For 10 points, name this German-Jewish author of The Human Condition, a sometime lover of Martin Heidegger who wrote The Origins of Totalitarianism after she fled the Nazis.", "answer": "Hannah Arendt [or Johanna Arendt]", "page": "Hannah_Arendt", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483eea23cc9417e9bb2d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93308, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 393], [394, 609], [610, 783]], "first_sentence": "This thinker decried the \"social\" realm as that in which the \"life process\" of the private realm is made public.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In her response to a question about \"falling in space,\" Laura claims that these individuals have \"all gone away\" in a scene from Fire Walk With Me. The choreographer Joe Gideon flirts with a veil-wearing character of this type in Bob Fosse's All That Jazz. A shift from monochrome to color occurs when a character of this type decides to act on his love for a lonely trapeze artist in a film by Wim Wenders. Marlene Dietrich had her breakout role in a Josef von Sternberg film titled for a \"blue\" one. Characters of this type are protected by Methuselah and help the title character build the Ark in Darren Aronofsky's Noah. For 10 points, name these beings exemplified by Clarence, who intervenes in George Bailey's Christmas near the end of It's a Wonderful Life in order to earn his wings.", "answer": "angels [or angels of death; or fallen angels; or guardian angels; accept Nephilim or Watchers after \"Methuselah\" is read]", "page": "Angel", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb2e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93309, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 256], [257, 407], [408, 501], [502, 624], [625, 742], [743, 792]], "first_sentence": "In her response to a question about \"falling in space,\" Laura claims that these individuals have \"all gone away\" in a scene from Fire Walk With Me.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem by this man claims that \"Untended, will the she-goats then bring home / Their udders swollen with milk, while flocks afield / Shall of the monstrous lion have no fear\" thanks to a boy who is exhorted \"Assume thy greatness, for the time draws nigh.\" A medieval mode of fortune-telling consisted of picking a random line from this man's longest work. A \"child of gods,\" interpreted by early Christians as Jesus, appears in a work by this man often referred to as \"Messianic.\" This poet writes in a pastoral poem that bees \"undergo labour, storing their gains for all,\" and in another work uses apiary similes to describe the construction of a city \"whose walls already rise.\" For 10 points, name this poet of the Eclogues and the Georgics, the author of Rome's national epic, the Aeneid.", "answer": "Virgil [or Publius Vergilius Maro]", "page": "Virgil", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb2f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93310, "tokenizations": [[0, 78], [79, 132], [133, 255], [256, 355], [356, 479], [479, 680], [681, 792]], "first_sentence": "A poem by this man claims that \"Untended, will the she-goats then bring home /", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Using electrostatic interactions known as Circe effects, systems modeled by this equation that exhibit \"kinetic perfection\" can overcome diffusion-based limitations. When this equation is applied empirically to microbial growth, it is known as the Monod equation. It can be derived either by assuming that the reactants immediately equilibrate to form the intermediate complex which decays irreversibly into product, or equivalently by applying a steady-state approximation to that intermediate's concentration. The reactant concentration at which the reaction rate is half of V-max is given by this equation's constant, K-sub-m; both V-max and K-sub-m can be read off of a Lineweaver-Burke plot. For 10 points, name this equation named for two scientists, that describes the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.", "answer": "Michaelis-Menten equation", "page": "Michaelis\u2013Menten_kinetics", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb30", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93311, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 263], [264, 511], [512, 696], [697, 813]], "first_sentence": "Using electrostatic interactions known as Circe effects, systems modeled by this equation that exhibit \"kinetic perfection\" can overcome diffusion-based limitations.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "As of 2002, this country is the largest user of a sodium fluoroacetate-derived pesticide called 1080. The timber industry in this country was historically driven by logging of its kauri tree. This country is home to the only living sphenodont, whose survival is threatened by the kiore rat and which has an unusually well-developed photoreceptive third eye, complete with lens and retina. That lizard-like \"living fossil\" is named for the crested spine on its back. This country, whose only native land mammals are bats, is home to the reptilian tuatara and an enormous insect called a weta. The extinct Haast's eagle hunted the equally extinct moa in this country, whose human residents are outnumbered by sheep ten to one. For 10 points, name this island nation, the home of the kiwi bird.", "answer": "New Zealand [or Aotearoa]", "page": "New_Zealand", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb31", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93312, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 191], [192, 388], [389, 465], [466, 591], [592, 724], [725, 791]], "first_sentence": "As of 2002, this country is the largest user of a sodium fluoroacetate-derived pesticide called 1080.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The House and Senate versions of this legislation were proposed by Martha Griffiths of Michigan and Birch Bayh of Indiana, respectively. Idaho v. Freeman concerned this legislation, which inspired the opposing catchphrase \"specific bills for specific ills\" from former Labor Secretary Esther Peterson. The Eagle Forum was first founded to oppose this legislation. Its original proponent, who lived to see claims that it would greatly expand the Selective Service, was Ph.D sociologist Alice Paul. Due largely to opposition led by Phyllis Schlafly, five of this measure's 35 ratifications were rescinded, and it never reached the required 38 to become law. For 10 points, name this stalled Constitutional amendment intended to prohibit sex discrimination.", "answer": "Equal Rights Amendment [or ERA]", "page": "Equal_Rights_Amendment", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb32", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93313, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 301], [302, 363], [364, 471], [471, 496], [497, 655], [656, 754]], "first_sentence": "The House and Senate versions of this legislation were proposed by Martha Griffiths of Michigan and Birch Bayh of Indiana, respectively.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this painter's portrait of his wife, she wears a cobalt blue gown and is brightly illuminated, contrasting with the dark instrument at which she sits as her right hand rests on the keys. This artist of Emma at the Piano created another work that served as the frontispiece for a 1913 issue of the socialist journal The Masses. That work depicts a crowd of poor children and their tired mothers on the street, below various clotheslines hanging between tenement buildings. In a more famous work by this artist of The Cliff Dwellers, a referee is pushed aside as an athlete charges into his opponent, blurring their heads and arms together. Like William Glackens and Robert Henri, this painter was part of the Ashcan School. For 10 points, name this American famous for boxing scenes like Stag at Sharkey's.", "answer": "George Wesley Bellows", "page": "George_Bellows", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb33", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93314, "tokenizations": [[0, 189], [190, 329], [330, 474], [475, 641], [642, 725], [726, 808]], "first_sentence": "In this painter's portrait of his wife, she wears a cobalt blue gown and is brightly illuminated, contrasting with the dark instrument at which she sits as her right hand rests on the keys.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One novel by this author begins as Neville Chamberlain and other politicians wait to meet with Hitler in the eight days leading up to the Munich Agreement. In another novel by this man, Brunet is a communist friend of Mathieu, who resolves to steal 5000 francs to pay for Marcelle's abortion. This author included The Reprieve and The Age of Reason in an unfinished tetralogy. One of this man's protagonists meets the Autodidact in a local library as he researches the Marquis de Rollebon. That novel by this author of The Roads to Freedom consists of diary entries by Antoine Roquentin, whose contemplation of everyday objects makes him feel sick about the absurdity of life. For 10 points, name this author of Nausea, who included the line \"Hell is -- other people!\" in his play No Exit.", "answer": "Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre", "page": "Jean-Paul_Sartre", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb34", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93315, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 292], [293, 376], [377, 489], [490, 676], [677, 768], [769, 789]], "first_sentence": "One novel by this author begins as Neville Chamberlain and other politicians wait to meet with Hitler in the eight days leading up to the Munich Agreement.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Due to this rock's metastability, no specimens older than the Cretaceous era have been observed. Once the past temperature of this rock is known, the SIMS-SS profile can be used to determine its age because this rock absorbs water at a constant rate. The appearance of the \"fire\" variety of this rock is due to nanoparticles of magnetite, while the appearance of its \"snowflake\" variety is due to gray spherulites centered on locations where crystallization has begun. This rock is commonly formed by the cooling of relatively viscous, silica-rich granitic magmas; because of the rapidity of cooling, it exhibits few to no crystals. This rock's conchoidal fracture made it ideal for use in surgical blades and stone tools. For 10 points, name this usually-black extrusive igneous rock, a volcanic glass.", "answer": "obsidian", "page": "Obsidian", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb35", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93316, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 250], [251, 468], [469, 632], [633, 722], [723, 803]], "first_sentence": "Due to this rock's metastability, no specimens older than the Cretaceous era have been observed.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A book on the \"art\" of the playing this instrument was written by Philip Farkas. The third section of Telemann's Tafelmusik includes a concerto in E-flat for two violins and two of these instruments. A solo for this instrument opens the second \"Promenade\" of Maurice Ravel's orchestration of Pictures at an Exhibition. Shostakovich included a solo for this instrument over the strings in the fourth movement of his Fifth Symphony. A pair of these instruments is featured in Brandenburg Concerto No. 1. This instrument was played by Joseph Leutgeb, for whom Mozart wrote three concerti. In marching bands, the mellophone typically replaces this related instrument. For 10 points, name this coiled brass instrument, into whose bell a player places one hand to change its pitch.", "answer": "French horn [or natural horn]", "page": "French_horn", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb36", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93317, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 199], [200, 318], [319, 430], [431, 501], [502, 585], [586, 663], [664, 775]], "first_sentence": "A book on the \"art\" of the playing this instrument was written by Philip Farkas.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A stanza in this poem compares \"horsemen's scimitars\" to \"sphereless stars / thirsting to eclipse their burning.\" One figure in this poem is \"arrayed in mail/brighter than the viper's scale\" and appears after a \"maniac maid\" named Hope lays in the street \"right before the horses' feet.\" This poem's title personification has a mark on his brow stating \"I AM GOD, AND KING, AND LAW!\" and is a deathly pale figure riding a white horse. A refrain in this poem commands \"Rise like Lions after slumber / In unvanquishable number\" and notes that \"Ye are many - they are few.\" In this poem, the personified Hypocrisy, Fraud, and Murder represent Sidmouth, Eldon, and Lord Castlereagh. For 10 points, name this allegorical response to shootings by police at Peterloo, a poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley.", "answer": "\"The Masque of Anarchy\"", "page": "The_Masque_of_Anarchy", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb37", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93318, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [112, 287], [288, 383], [384, 434], [435, 499], [500, 569], [569, 678], [679, 792]], "first_sentence": "A stanza in this poem compares \"horsemen's scimitars\" to \"sphereless stars / thirsting to eclipse their burning.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Commoners in this country protested the restoration of the aristocracy by burning tax archives in the Bourla-Papey uprising. Under the command of Karl Josef von Bachmann, a last stand of soldiers from this country occurred on the 10th of August, 1792, an event commemorated by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen. David Frankfurter killed the founder of this nation's branch of the Nazi party, Wilhelm Gustloff. Earlier, Fr\u00c3\u00a9d\u00c3\u00a9ric-C\u00c3\u00a9sar de La Harpe worked with the French Directory in establishing a republic here. A federal state was established in this country after Henri Dufour won the Sonderbund War; earlier wars fought in this country included the Kappel Wars, in which Huldrych Zwingli died. For 10 points, name this country whose cantons supply the Vatican's soldiers and guards.", "answer": "Switzerland [or Swiss Confederation]", "page": "Switzerland", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb38", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93319, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 316], [317, 414], [415, 519], [520, 704], [705, 793]], "first_sentence": "Commoners in this country protested the restoration of the aristocracy by burning tax archives in the Bourla-Papey uprising.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This quantity's eigenfunctions are complex exponentials with a constant factor of one divided by quantity \"2 pi times h-bar\" all raised to the three-halves power. In Planck units, this quantity is given by the square root of h-bar times speed of light cubed divided by the universal gravitational constant. The time derivative of its expected value appears on one side of Ehrenfest's theorem. This quantity is squared in the quantum operator for kinetic energy; its own operator is equal to h-bar divided by i times the gradient. For massless particles, special relativity gives this quantity as energy divided by the speed of light. If position is precisely known, this quantity cannot be according to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. For 10 points, name this conserved quantity equal to mass times velocity.", "answer": "linear momentum [do not accept or prompt on \"angular momentum\"]", "page": "Momentum", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb39", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93320, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 306], [307, 392], [393, 529], [530, 633], [634, 738], [739, 812]], "first_sentence": "This quantity's eigenfunctions are complex exponentials with a constant factor of one divided by quantity \"2 pi times h-bar\" all raised to the three-halves power.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The dual form of this concept was introduced by David Luenberger. In incomplete markets, a constrained version of this concept is used instead. The Scitovsky paradox results when this concept is extended using a compensation principle. In an Edgeworth Box, this condition occurs when the marginal rates of substitution are identical, which happens along a contract curve. This condition is equivalent to Walrasian equilibrium according to the fundamental theorems of welfare economics. Kaldor and Hicks extended this concept to situations where a redistribution of wealth could result in greater total utility. For 10 points, name this term for an allocation in which no person can be made better off without making another worse off, named for an Italian economist.", "answer": "Pareto optimality [or Pareto efficiency; accept word forms]", "page": "Pareto_efficiency", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb3a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93321, "tokenizations": [[0, 65], [66, 143], [144, 235], [236, 371], [372, 485], [486, 610], [611, 766]], "first_sentence": "The dual form of this concept was introduced by David Luenberger.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "According to the 10th-century reference book Suda, this person killed himself after being taken to Crete by Minos. Nonnus records that this person judged a game of cottabus between Hymen and Eros; in the Argonautica, he plays dice with Eros. Artistic depictions of this figure often show him holding a rooster or pushing a hoop. After the disappearance of this brother of Assaracus and Ilus, a golden vine and two horses that could run on water were given to his father, Tros. Unlike Endymion and Tithonus, this person was granted eternal youth without complications. Later turned into the constellation Aquarius, this youth replaced Hebe after he was taken from Mount Ida by a god taking the form of an eagle. For 10 points, name this youth loved by Zeus who became cupbearer to the Greek gods.", "answer": "Ganymede [or Ganymedes; or Catamitus]", "page": "Ganymede_(mythology)", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb3b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93322, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 241], [242, 328], [329, 476], [477, 567], [568, 710], [711, 795]], "first_sentence": "According to the 10th-century reference book Suda, this person killed himself after being taken to Crete by Minos.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Terms with indices that are powers of two are used in this mathematician's namesake condensation test to check for convergence of a series. With Hadamard, this mathematician names a formula that calculates the radius of convergence of a power series. He's not Lagrange, but he names a theorem stating that if a prime p divides the order of a group, then the group contains an element with order p. Partial differential equations that give a necessary and sufficient condition for a complex function to be holomorphic are named for him and Riemann. Sequences named for this man, by definition, converge inside complete metric spaces. For 10 points, name this French mathematician who names an inequality relating the dot product of two vectors and their magnitudes along with Hermann Schwarz.", "answer": "Augustin-Louis Cauchy", "page": "Augustin-Louis_Cauchy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb3c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93323, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 250], [251, 394], [395, 397], [398, 547], [548, 632], [633, 791]], "first_sentence": "Terms with indices that are powers of two are used in this mathematician's namesake condensation test to check for convergence of a series.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This philosopher proposed that each virtue has five grades of perfection. Before Jerry Fodor was even born, this man wrote that spoken \"connotative terms\" and \"absolute terms\" are subordinated under a wordless mental language. This man's view that no property rights existed in the Garden of Eden led to reciprocal accusations of heresy with the Pope. He wrote that eight of Aristotle's ten categories can be defined in terms of just two: substance and quality. This man's Summa of Logic argued that universals are only in the mind. In his commentaries on Lombard's Sentences, this nominalist stated \"Entities should not be multiplied without necessity.\" For 10 points, name this English friar and Scholastic who names a principle favoring simpler explanations, his namesake \"razor.\"", "answer": "William of Ockham [or William of Occam]", "page": "William_of_Ockham", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb3d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93324, "tokenizations": [[0, 73], [74, 226], [227, 351], [352, 461], [462, 532], [533, 654], [655, 783]], "first_sentence": "This philosopher proposed that each virtue has five grades of perfection.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Peter Westergaard challenged the traditional view of the primacy of this concept in a 1975 \"introduction\" to his alternative theory. Edward Aldwell and Carl Schachter wrote an influential textbook on this concept \"and voice leading.\" The most popular textbook on this subject has been through four editions beginning in 1941 and was written by Walter Piston. Novel ideas about inversions and progressions were laid out in a seminal 1722 treatise on this subject written by Jean-Philippe Rameau. This concept is sometimes called \"vertical music,\" in contrast to the \"horizontal music\" of the melody. For 10 points, give this term for the simultaneous sounding of multiple notes.", "answer": "harmony [prompt on music theory until \"music\" is read; do not accept \"counterpoint\"]", "page": "Harmony", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb3e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93325, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 232], [232, 358], [359, 494], [495, 598], [599, 677]], "first_sentence": "Peter Westergaard challenged the traditional view of the primacy of this concept in a 1975 \"introduction\" to his alternative theory.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A ruler of this city tortured prisoners in a cave known as his \"ear\" and drank himself to death after his play Ransom of Hector won a prize. Citizens of this non-Athens city could be banished by a system of votes written on leaves, called petalism. This city's celebration of a festival for Artemis allowed Romans under Marcus Claudius Marcellus to infiltrate and capture it. This city defeated Asdrubal at the Crimissus under the command of Timoleon, decades after beating Carthage at the battle of Himera. Tyrants of this city included Agathocles, Dionysius the Elder, and Hiero II, who legendarily commissioned a resident of this city to build a death ray and a mechanical claw to resist the Romans. For 10 points, name this Sicilian city that was home to Archimedes.", "answer": "Syracuse [or Syrakousai; or Syracusae]", "page": "Syracuse,_Sicily", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb3f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93326, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 248], [249, 375], [376, 507], [508, 702], [703, 770]], "first_sentence": "A ruler of this city tortured prisoners in a cave known as his \"ear\" and drank himself to death after his play Ransom of Hector won a prize.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Using Lindemann's criterion to calculate this quantity gives a value proportional to the atomic spacing squared times the Debye frequency squared. For nanoparticles or small crystals, this property is dependent on size, per the Gibbs-Thomson equation. This property is higher for neopentane than for n-pentane or isopentane. When measuring this value, which can be done with a Thiele tube or a Fisher-Johns apparatus, more impure compounds will exhibit a larger range. A mixture with the lowest possible value for this measure is eutectic. For a solution, the depression of this value upon increase in concentration is a colligative property. For gallium, it's slightly above room temperature and for water it is 0 degrees Celsius. For 10 points, name this temperature at which solids become liquid.", "answer": "melting point [accept freezing point]", "page": "Melting_point", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb40", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93327, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 251], [252, 324], [325, 468], [469, 539], [540, 642], [643, 731], [732, 799]], "first_sentence": "Using Lindemann's criterion to calculate this quantity gives a value proportional to the atomic spacing squared times the Debye frequency squared.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In January of this calendar year, Democrats who stayed silent in the House chamber were first counted as present against their will to thwart the \"disappearing quorum\" tactic. The Supreme Court upheld the Edmunds-Tucker Act in this year, in which delegates went home from the first International Conference of American States in DC. In this year, Herman Hollerith lent punch card readers to the first automatically tabulated U.S. Census, which announced the closure of the frontier. Midterm elections in this year voted out Speaker Thomas Reed's Billion-Dollar Congress, which passed the Sherman Silver Purchase and Anti-Trust Acts in this year. For 10 points, what year of Benjamin Harrison's presidency, in which the Wounded Knee massacre took place, began a so-called \"Gay\" decade?", "answer": "1890 CE", "page": "1890", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb41", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93328, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 332], [333, 482], [483, 645], [646, 784]], "first_sentence": "In January of this calendar year, Democrats who stayed silent in the House chamber were first counted as present against their will to thwart the \"disappearing quorum\" tactic.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This act was performed on Rusticus and Eleutherius at the end of their lives, alongside a member of the Fourteen Holy Helpers. This act gives a descriptive name for a deity sometimes called Ai Apaec, who is usually shown with four fangs, a human head, and a spider or jaguar body on Moche artifacts from Peru. During 3rd century CE persecutions, a victim of this act in Gaul then walked for six miles making a speech about repentance; that legendary survivor of it was Saint Denis, the patron saint of France. In the New Testament, a byproduct of this act was displayed on a silver plate by Herod the Tetrarch in return for the \"dance of the seven veils\" by his stepdaughter Salome. For 10 points, name this method of execution used to kill John the Baptist.", "answer": "decapitation [or beheading; or cutting off a person's head; accept word forms; accept Decapitator God; prompt on \"killing;\" prompt on \"execution\" until mention]", "page": "Decapitation", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb42", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93329, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 309], [310, 509], [510, 682], [683, 758]], "first_sentence": "This act was performed on Rusticus and Eleutherius at the end of their lives, alongside a member of the Fourteen Holy Helpers.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this poem, a river is personified as a \"reverend Sire\" wearing a \"Mantle hairy\" and a \"Bonnet sedge.\" The speaker of this poem mentions animals who are \"swoll'n with wind,\" \"rot inwardly,\" and spread \"foul contagion.\" Part of this poem describes a character who carries \"two massy Keyes...of metals twain,\" the Pilot of the Galilean lake. This poem opens with the speaker telling laurels and myrtles that \"I come to pluck your Berries harsh and crude.\" Scholars of this poem argue over what its \"two-handed engine at the door\" actually is. Most of this poem is spoken by an \"uncouth swain,\" who instructs \"Look homeward Angel\" and tells shepherds to \"weep no more.\" This poem is dedicated to Edward King, who died in a shipwreck. For 10 points, name this pastoral elegy by John Milton.", "answer": "\"Lycidas\"", "page": "Lycidas", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb43", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93330, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [103, 219], [219, 341], [342, 455], [456, 542], [543, 667], [667, 732], [733, 788]], "first_sentence": "In this poem, a river is personified as a \"reverend Sire\" wearing a \"Mantle hairy\" and a \"Bonnet sedge.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A 2014 experiment conducted by Gabriela Barreto Lemos used this phenomenon to create images of cats. It occurs when one of the eigenvalues of the joint density matrix's partial transpose is negative, a criterion named for Peres and Horodecki. The entropy of this phenomenon is given by the Von Neumann entropy for one of its reduced density matrices. The CHSH inequality can be used to prove a theorem holding that the effects of this phenomenon cannot be explained by local hidden variable theories, because it violates Bell's inequality. A thought experiment using this phenomenon led to the conclusion that quantum mechanics is an incomplete theory, according to the EPR paradox. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which the states of two spatially separated particles are intrinsically related.", "answer": "quantum entanglement [prompt on \"spooky action at a distance\"]", "page": "Quantum_entanglement", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb44", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93331, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 242], [243, 350], [351, 539], [540, 682], [683, 802]], "first_sentence": "A 2014 experiment conducted by Gabriela Barreto Lemos used this phenomenon to create images of cats.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character created by this man becomes involved with a countess named Agnes, who stops helping him when he becomes older and loses his beauty. After seeing a beautiful wooden Madonna, one of this man's title characters decides to learn woodcarving from Master Nicklaus and goes on to carve his mother before he dies. That young monk created by this man is able to wander for many years because of his apparent immunity to the Black Death. The protagonist of another novel by this man reads a treatise subtitled \"Not for Everybody\" and attends a ball in a chamber \"For Madmen Only!\" This author created the musician Pablo and the enticing Hermine, who enter the Magic Theater with Harry Haller. For 10 points, name this author of Narcissus and Goldmund and Steppenwolf.", "answer": "Herman Hesse", "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb45", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93332, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 317], [318, 439], [440, 582], [583, 694], [695, 769]], "first_sentence": "A character created by this man becomes involved with a countess named Agnes, who stops helping him when he becomes older and loses his beauty.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A figure in one of this man's paintings, who may have been modeled on Leonardo's St. John, is about to stumble into a brook as another man hangs from a tree in the middle ground. In another work by this artist of The Peasant and the Birdnester, a child with a paper crown sits next to a waffle-eating man as others prepare for the cold. That canvas, Gloomy Day, is part of a series by this man that includes a painting showing blackbirds perched in the branches of a linear row of four trees leading down a hill. That work of his, which shows villagers playing hockey and ice skating on frozen water in its background, is in his series on the Labours of the Months. For 10 points, name this Flemish artist who showed three men and their dogs trudging home empty-handed in The Hunters in the Snow.", "answer": "Pieter Brueghel the Elder", "page": "Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb46", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93333, "tokenizations": [[0, 178], [179, 336], [337, 512], [513, 665], [666, 796]], "first_sentence": "A figure in one of this man's paintings, who may have been modeled on Leonardo's St. John, is about to stumble into a brook as another man hangs from a tree in the middle ground.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Architect Morris Lapidus designed several hotels in this city in the 1950s, including the Eden Roc and the Fontainebleau. This city was founded on the land of Julia Tuttle, making it the only major American city founded by a woman. The Casa Casuarina and the Delano Hotel are part of this city's Art Deco district. In 2012, artist Red Grooms received criticism for a $2.5 million animatronic sculpture built in this city, which hosts the annual Calle Ocho Festival. Hialeah is northwest of this city, the world's busiest cruise ship port. This city is home to the Little Haiti neighborhood, and its Venetian Causeway connects it to a namesake beach built on barrier islands in Biscayne Bay. For 10 points, name this home of Little Havana and seat of Dade County, a large city in southeastern Florida.", "answer": "Miami, Florida [or Miami Beach]", "page": "Miami", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb47", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93334, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 231], [232, 314], [315, 465], [466, 538], [539, 690], [691, 800]], "first_sentence": "Architect Morris Lapidus designed several hotels in this city in the 1950s, including the Eden Roc and the Fontainebleau.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man who becomes famous playing this role tries to flee from blinding spotlights and thinks to himself, \"What do they want from me? I'm just an actor!\" at the end of a film by Istvan Szabo. This character asks, \"Who will feed you?\" as he is crushed under rocks in a 2011 film that depicts him as a moneylender with a penis on his rear, and which was directed by Alexander Sokurov. This character shatters a mirror, causing the protagonist to become an old man again, in a film in which he is played by Emil Jannings. Andreas Teuber played this role opposite Richard Burton in a film in which Elizabeth Taylor makes a cameo as the shade of Helen of Troy. For 10 points, name this devil who bargains for the soul of the title doctor in F. W. Murnau's Faust.", "answer": "Mephistopheles [or Mephisto]", "page": "Mephistopheles", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb48", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93335, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 152], [153, 190], [191, 381], [382, 517], [518, 654], [655, 756]], "first_sentence": "A man who becomes famous playing this role tries to flee from blinding spotlights and thinks to himself, \"What do they want from me?", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of this author's plays starts in a post office which blames delays on the rain, though in reality an employee is embezzling their money shipments. He wrote a scene in which a man under a porch communicates with a woman sitting above it by pressing her foot to his throat, in a work that features a pine tree and a palm growing from the same shoot. This author of The Courier for Hell also wrote a work whose title is a metaphor for buying out a courtesan's contract and which focuses heavily on New Years' traditions. This author of The Uprooted Pine wrote of Tokubei and Ohatsu, who go to the Wood of Tenjin to die after finding out they cannot be together. For 10 points, name this prominent creator of bunraku puppet theater, the Japanese playwright of The Love Suicides at Sonezaki.", "answer": "Chikamatsu Monzaemon [or Sugimori Nobumori]", "page": "Chikamatsu_Monzaemon", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb49", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93336, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 351], [352, 521], [522, 662], [663, 790]], "first_sentence": "One of this author's plays starts in a post office which blames delays on the rain, though in reality an employee is embezzling their money shipments.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One ruler of this type only gave a traveler bread, fried meat, and sour milk, and made his court poets wear bird masks. The Chronicle of the Seeker follows another of these rulers who killed his mother by accident. One of these men vanished in a \"great whirlpool\" at sea before the husband of Inare Kunati took this title. The leftmost enthroned man along the bottom of Abraham Cresques's Catalan Atlas held this position. Ibn Battuta saw these leaders' chief interpreter, or jeli, a precursor of later oral poets called griots [gree-oh]. Niani was an early capital for these people. al-Sahili designed the mud-brick Sankore university for a ruler of this title who brought dozens of camels loaded with gold through Egypt on his hajj. For 10 points, what leaders, such as Musa, controlled trade through 14th-century Timbuktu?", "answer": "mansas of the Mali Empire [or emperors of Mali; or emperors of the Mandinka]", "page": "Mali_Empire", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb4a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93337, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 214], [215, 322], [323, 422], [423, 538], [539, 583], [584, 734], [735, 825]], "first_sentence": "One ruler of this type only gave a traveler bread, fried meat, and sour milk, and made his court poets wear bird masks.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Mielikki fashioned one of these animals from wool. One of these animals fathered two giants who were later turned into an eagle owl and a vulture; those twins, Agrius and Oreius, were born after Polyphonte had sex with one. Young girls in saffron robes imitated these animals in a ritual practiced at Brauron. A hero who kills these animals dies fighting the Dark Knight and loves Laimdota in the Latvian epic Lacplesis. Twenty cloves of garlic and 100 days in a cave turn one into a human woman in Korean mythology. Arcas was born to a huntress of Artemis who became one of these animals after Zeus seduced her. Japan's Ainu people revere these animals as sacred kamui. For 10 points, name this animal which Callisto was turned into before she became the constellation Ursa Major.", "answer": "bears", "page": "Bear", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb4b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93338, "tokenizations": [[0, 223], [224, 309], [310, 420], [421, 516], [517, 612], [613, 670], [671, 781]], "first_sentence": "Mielikki fashioned one of these animals from wool. One of these animals fathered two giants who were later turned into an eagle owl and a vulture; those twins, Agrius and Oreius, were born after Polyphonte had sex with one.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During this conflict, the newspaper Atlas spread rumors about a new weapon called the Boulet Asphyxiant, raising fears that were dispelled by further rumors of MacIntosh's Portable Buoyant Wave Repressor. Pioneering celebrity chef Alexis Soyer designed a \"magic stove\" for soldiers in this war, which was documented by journalist William Howard Russell and photographer Roger Fenton. In this war, the 93rd Highlanders under Colin Campbell stood in a row two-deep to resist a cavalry charge, earning the nickname \"Thin Red Line.\" Miscommunicated orders to Lord Cardigan from Lord Raglan led to a disastrous assault at this war's Battle of Balaclava. For 10 points, name this 19th century war that featured the nursing efforts of Florence Nightingale and the Charge of the Light Brigade.", "answer": "Crimean War [or Easter War of 1853-1856]", "page": "Crimean_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb4c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93339, "tokenizations": [[0, 204], [205, 383], [384, 528], [529, 648], [649, 785]], "first_sentence": "During this conflict, the newspaper Atlas spread rumors about a new weapon called the Boulet Asphyxiant, raising fears that were dispelled by further rumors of MacIntosh's Portable Buoyant Wave Repressor.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This economist is the second namesake of social welfare functions in which an individual's utility is based solely on the goods allocated to that individual, and which are contrasted with Arrow social welfare functions. This man argued that one method of producing champagne could be most profitable at both high and low interest rates, but not in between, as part of his reswitching argument during the Cambridge Capital Controversy. He introduced the theory of using what a consumer purchases to infer their utility function; that is revealed preference theory. This economist pioneered using constrained optimization problems to model economic situations in his book Foundations of Economic Analysis. For 10 points, name this first American to win the Nobel Prize in Economics, the author of the 1948 textbook Economics.", "answer": "Paul Samuelson", "page": "Paul_Samuelson", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb4d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93340, "tokenizations": [[0, 219], [220, 434], [435, 563], [564, 703], [704, 823]], "first_sentence": "This economist is the second namesake of social welfare functions in which an individual's utility is based solely on the goods allocated to that individual, and which are contrasted with Arrow social welfare functions.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This process occurs in the tunica albuginea around the corpora cavernosa in Peyronie's disease. Myofibroblasts contribute to this process when they fail to disappear from granulation tissue via apoptosis. In this process, proteins are oriented parallel to each other rather than being oriented perpendicular to each other in the proper \"basket-weave\" manner. This process can produce both \"hypertrophic\" products and keloids. It's not inflammation, but the muscle of the heart undergoes this process after a myocardial infarction, and the tissues of the liver undergo this process in patients with cirrhosis. For 10 points, name this process in which excess connective tissue accumulates in response to events like injuries to the skin.", "answer": "scarring [or fibrosis; prompt on \"wound healing\"]", "page": "Scar", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb4e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93341, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 204], [205, 358], [359, 425], [426, 608], [609, 736]], "first_sentence": "This process occurs in the tunica albuginea around the corpora cavernosa in Peyronie's disease.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This plays opens with the funeral of a woman who is referred to as \"the last of the Mohicans.\" In this play, a character enters dragging a pine tree, which she claims to have cut down with her teeth. One of this play's settings is the Diorama Room, which features a tableau of mechanical mannequins and covered wagons. In this play, a speech criticizing change is given by the world's oldest living Bolshevik, Aleksii Antedilluvianovich Prelapsarianov. In this play, the Valium addict Harper daydreams about beings living in the ozone layer and finally leaves Joe Pitt, her Mormon husband. In this play's latter section, Perestroika, the ghost of Ethel Rosenberg sings to the lawyer Roy Cohn as he dies of AIDS. For 10 points, name this \"Gay Fantasia on National Themes,\" a play by Tony Kushner.", "answer": "Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes [accept Angels in America, Part I: Millennium Approaches until \"pine\" but do not accept thereafter]", "page": "Angels_in_America", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb4f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93342, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [93, 199], [200, 318], [319, 452], [453, 589], [590, 711], [712, 795]], "first_sentence": "This plays opens with the funeral of a woman who is referred to as \"the last of the Mohicans.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In machine learning, this term describes a set of methods that allow operation in high-dimensional implicit feature spaces by replacing inner products with other functions that satisfy Mercer's inequality. One example of a set of such functions is the \"radial basis function\" one of these, which is used in SVM. In mathematics, for an integral transform of a function f, this is a 2D-function that multiplies f inside the integral. For a group homomorphism, the first isomorphism theorem guarantees that an object described by this term is a subgroup of the domain group G. For linear maps, the set described by this term is equivalent to the null space, and is a subspace of the domain whose elements all map to zero in the image. For 10 points, name this term also describing the central program of an operating system.", "answer": "kernel", "page": "The_Daily_Dot", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb50", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93343, "tokenizations": [[0, 205], [206, 311], [312, 431], [432, 573], [574, 731], [732, 821]], "first_sentence": "In machine learning, this term describes a set of methods that allow operation in high-dimensional implicit feature spaces by replacing inner products with other functions that satisfy Mercer's inequality.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Because it likes to set itself on fire, one of these objects named Luin is kept in a container of water; that object is stolen after the sons of Tuireann kill King Pisear with an apple to the head. Shortly after killing the invisible knight Garlon, a knight of King Arthur finds one of these objects that perpetually drips blood. Pieces from one of these objects were used to heal Telephus after Achilles injured him with it; that example of these objects was made by Chiron from an ash tree. Balin used one of these to deliver the Dolorous Stroke, which maimed the Fisher King and brought a curse upon the Waste Land. Izanagi dripped salt off of one of these objects to create the islands of Japan. A mythical Norse one that never misses is Gungnir. For 10 points, name these long weapons used by Lancelot for jousting.", "answer": "spears [or lances; or javelins; or polearms; accept other similar weapons; accept L\u00c3\u00bain before \"Garlon\"]", "page": "Spear", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb51", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93344, "tokenizations": [[0, 197], [198, 329], [330, 492], [493, 618], [619, 699], [700, 750], [751, 820]], "first_sentence": "Because it likes to set itself on fire, one of these objects named Luin is kept in a container of water; that object is stolen after the sons of Tuireann kill King Pisear with an apple to the head.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The fa\u00c3\u00a7ade of a building in this country is a large glass box that displays famous television images. That Institute for Sound and Vision was recently constructed in this country, whose Gothic buildings include the \"whopper monument,\" St. John's Cathedral. An architect from this country collaborated with Bruce Mau on a massive book of fables, essays, photographs, diary excerpts, and designs titled S,M,L,XL. That architect from this country designed the glass and steel exterior of a public library in Seattle. The Royal Concertgebouw is located in the Museum Square of a city in this country. Kisho Kurokawa designed a new wing for a museum in this country that contains The Potato Eaters. For 10 points, name this home country of Rem Koolhaas that contains the Rijksmuseum [\"rikes\"-museum] and the Van Gogh Museum.", "answer": "The Netherlands [or Nederland]", "page": "Netherlands", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb52", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93345, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [103, 257], [258, 411], [412, 514], [515, 597], [598, 694], [695, 820]], "first_sentence": "The fa\u00c3\u00a7ade of a building in this country is a large glass box that displays famous television images.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "On some thangka wall-hangings, Yama holds one of these objects with a pig, a snake, and a rooster representing \"three poisons\" of bad attitude within it. Marpa and Milarepa began the practice of using horizontally-oriented examples of these objects, engraved with the mantra \"Om mani padme hum,\" in Tibetan Buddhist prayer. As Vishnu's other hands hold a conch, a lotus, and a mace, his upper-right hand holds a weaponized one of these objects. A Jain symbol shows a hand surrounding one. In Alexandria, one of these implements was intended to break St. Catherine, but she broke it with a touch. One of these with eight sectors is a common representation of dharma in South Asian faiths. For 10 points, name these objects which allow chariots representing Jagganath to roll.", "answer": "wheels [or discus; or dharmachakra; prompt on \"circle\"]", "page": "Wheel", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb53", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93346, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 323], [324, 444], [445, 488], [489, 595], [596, 687], [688, 774]], "first_sentence": "On some thangka wall-hangings, Yama holds one of these objects with a pig, a snake, and a rooster representing \"three poisons\" of bad attitude within it.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Members of this movement adopted the symbol of the House of York for White Rose Day, and flew a flag with the inscription \"Tandem triumphans\" during one conflict. The Act of Grace and Free Pardon freed many members of this movement from prison, though a few years later it again caused trouble during the Atterbury Plot. The song \"Hey, Johnnie Cope, are Ye Waking Yet?\" made fun of a general who lost to this group at Prestonpans during a war in which their figurehead escaped to the Isle of Skye dressed as a woman. That event came after a victory for the Duke of Cumberland over this movement at the Battle of Culloden Moor. For 10 points, name this mostly-Scottish movement that aimed to place the heirs of James II, like Bonnie Prince Charlie, on the throne.", "answer": "Jacobitism [or Jacobites; accept Jacobite Risings]", "page": "Jacobitism", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb54", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93347, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 320], [321, 368], [368, 516], [517, 626], [627, 762]], "first_sentence": "Members of this movement adopted the symbol of the House of York for White Rose Day, and flew a flag with the inscription \"Tandem triumphans\" during one conflict.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "To get married in this culture, a man and woman sit in front of his house in the morning until the bride's mother acknowledges them. During funerals, women in this culture hand out bundles of banana leaves and skirts. This culture has melded chanting and erotic dancing into its ritualized form of the sport cricket. Children and adolescents play at kayta by dry-humping each other in this culture, which measures a man's wealth by the contents of his yam house. This culture was cited as a counterexample to the Oedipus complex by an anthropologist who found that red necklaces and white armbands move clockwise and counterclockwise, respectively, among their islands. For 10 points, name this Pacific culture that practices the Kula ring, which was researched by Bronislaw Malinowski.", "answer": "Trobriand Islanders [accept Kiriwinans]", "page": "Trobriand_Islands", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb55", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93348, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 217], [218, 316], [317, 462], [463, 669], [670, 786]], "first_sentence": "To get married in this culture, a man and woman sit in front of his house in the morning until the bride's mother acknowledges them.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One character in this play introduces an ongoing joke when he states the adage, \"In time the savage bull doth bear the yoke.\" At a wedding in this play, all of the women wear masks. At the beginning of Act IV, a ceremony presided over by Friar Francis is halted after a woman hears herself compared to a \"rotten orange\" for her infidelity and then faints. A constable in this play retorts \"Forget not that I am an ass.\" In this play, a daughter of Leonato loves a soldier who recently returned to Messina with Don Pedro. Its minor characters include the drunken Borachio and Dogberry. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare comedy, which ends with a double wedding for Hero and Claudio as well as Beatrice and Benedick.", "answer": "Much Ado About Nothing", "page": "Much_Ado_About_Nothing", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "5541483fea23cc9417e9bb56", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93349, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 181], [182, 355], [356, 419], [420, 520], [521, 584], [585, 717]], "first_sentence": "One character in this play introduces an ongoing joke when he states the adage, \"In time the savage bull doth bear the yoke.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A paradox named for this man uses the anthropic principle in considering the existence of self-aware beings as part of rare fluctuations from states of chaos. A relation named for this man gives the ratio of number density between two locations in a plasma as the exponential of a value proportional to the difference in the potentials at each location. This man derived a theorem that provoked the argument that an irreversible process cannot be deduced from time-symmetric dynamics, an argument called Loschmidt's paradox. This deviser of the H-theorem defined the entropy of a system as the logarithm of the number of microstates multiplied by a constant equal to the gas constant divided by Avogadro's number. For 10 points, name this suicidal physicist whose namesake constant is symbolized k-sub-B.", "answer": "Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann", "page": "Ludwig_Boltzmann", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb58", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93351, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 353], [354, 524], [525, 713], [714, 804]], "first_sentence": "A paradox named for this man uses the anthropic principle in considering the existence of self-aware beings as part of rare fluctuations from states of chaos.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The speaker of one poem by this author asks, \"Does my haughtiness offend you?\" after opening that poem with the concession \"you may write me down in history / with your bitter, twisted lies.\" This author insisted in another poem that \"you, created only a little lower / than the angels, have crouched too long in / the bruising darkness.\" This author of \"Still I Rise\" opened a third poem with the phrase \"A Rock, A River, A Tree\" and recorded that she stopped speaking for years after her mother's boyfriend raped her when she was eight. For 10 points, name this poet who read \"On the Pulse of Morning\" at Bill Clinton's inauguration and also wrote the autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.", "answer": "Maya Angelou [or Marguerite Annie Johnson]", "page": "Maya_Angelou", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb59", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93352, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [192, 337], [337, 338], [339, 538], [539, 667], [668, 700]], "first_sentence": "The speaker of one poem by this author asks, \"Does my haughtiness offend you?\" after opening that poem with the concession \"you may write me down in history / with your bitter, twisted lies.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer was inspired to write a piece upon hearing an E minor piece in the same genre by his colleague at the National Conservatory, Victor Herbert. The instruction attacca subito connects the first three tonally related sections of a piano trio by this composer whose last three sections are tonally disparate. He wrote a trilogy of overtures on \"nature, life, and love\" comprising In Nature's Realm, Carnival, and Othello. He never orchestrated an early A major cello concerto, but in 1895 he completed his perennially popular Cello Concerto in B Minor. The D-flat Largo second movement of his last symphony was inspired by The Song of Hiawatha. This composer of the \"Dumky\" Trio was also influenced by African-American spirituals. For 10 points, name this Czech composer of a symphony \"From the New World.\"", "answer": "Antonin Dvorak", "page": "Anton\u00edn_Dvo\u0159\u00e1k", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb5a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93353, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 317], [318, 430], [431, 561], [562, 653], [654, 739], [740, 815]], "first_sentence": "This composer was inspired to write a piece upon hearing an E minor piece in the same genre by his colleague at the National Conservatory, Victor Herbert.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The idea of decreasing surface area via \"enforced hydrophobic interactions\" was originally posited to explain the acceleration of this reaction in water by Breslow. In cases where one of the reactants in this reaction is also a cyclic ketone, it may be followed by the often-aromatizing cheletropic extrusion of carbon monoxide. Pyridine and pyran derivatives are accessible through variants of this reaction which use imines and ketones respectively. The HOMO-LUMO overlap of its two reactants usually explains why this reaction has a strong preference for the electron-withdrawing groups of one reactant pointing down and inward in the transition state; that is called the \"endo\" rule. For 10 points, name this [4+2] cycloaddition that forms cyclohexene derivatives from dienes and dienophiles.", "answer": "Diels-Alder reaction", "page": "Diels\u2013Alder_reaction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb5b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93354, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 328], [329, 451], [452, 687], [688, 796]], "first_sentence": "The idea of decreasing surface area via \"enforced hydrophobic interactions\" was originally posited to explain the acceleration of this reaction in water by Breslow.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In October 2014, a spokesperson for this party amusingly replied \"hell yeah\" when asked if there was corruption in this party. Politicians from this party were implicated in buying flats intended for war widows at below-market prices in a housing society. This party pushed through the 2005 Right to Information Act using a coalition that the Left Front withdrew from in 2008. Since 2004, this party has led the United Progressive Alliance. This party lost a 2014 election where they handed out free milk to counter an opponent's strategy of handing out tea in paper cups with his face on them; they frequently criticized that opponent's response to 2002 anti-Muslim riots in Gujarat. For 10 points, name this party that lost an election to the BJP and Narendra Modi while represented by Rahul Gandhi", "answer": "Indian National Congress party [or INC; prompt on \"United Progressive Alliance\" or \"UDP\"]", "page": "Indian_National_Congress", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb5c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93355, "tokenizations": [[0, 70], [71, 76], [77, 126], [127, 255], [256, 290], [291, 376], [377, 440], [441, 684], [685, 800]], "first_sentence": "In October 2014, a spokesperson for this party amusingly replied \"hell", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After surviving a ship collision aboard the SS Stonington, this man believed he was marked for a divine purpose. Leigh Robinson and George Scoville tried to defend this man in court as he insisted on representing himself, pleading not guilty on account of others' medical malpractice. He unsuccessfully tried to sue John Humphrey Noyes's millenarian Oneida Community for kicking him out. This author of the hymn \"I Am Going to the Lordy\" wrote a speech opposing Winfield Scott Hancock, in return for which he expected an ambassadorship in Europe. He identified with a faction led by Roscoe Conkling by shouting \"I am a stalwart of the Stalwarts\" prior to his arrest near Long Branch, New Jersey in 1881. For 10 points, name this lunatic who assassinated President James Garfield.", "answer": "Charles Julius Guiteau", "page": "Charles_J._Guiteau", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb5d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93356, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 284], [285, 387], [388, 546], [547, 703], [704, 779]], "first_sentence": "After surviving a ship collision aboard the SS Stonington, this man believed he was marked for a divine purpose.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Erwin Panofsky interpreted this painting using a Neoplatonic concept of duality discussed by Marsilio Ficino and Pico della Mirandola, and also suggested that two rabbits on the left represent fertility. Two men on horseback can be seen hunting a third rabbit with their dogs in the right background of this work. The bottom of this painting shows a water spigot next to a coat of arms, which forms a part of a frieze showing a horse and a flagellation scene. Both of this work's title figures wear red and white clothes, though the one with a burning jar of incense has most of her body bared. Commissioned by Niccolo Aurelio for his marriage to Laura Bagarotto, this painting shows a child dipping his hand into a sarcophagus full of water. For 10 points, name this Titian painting of two aspects of Venus.", "answer": "Sacred and Profane Love [or Amor Sacro e Amor Profano; or Venus and the Bride]", "page": "Sacred_and_Profane_Love", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb5e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93357, "tokenizations": [[0, 203], [204, 313], [314, 459], [460, 594], [595, 742], [743, 808]], "first_sentence": "Erwin Panofsky interpreted this painting using a Neoplatonic concept of duality discussed by Marsilio Ficino and Pico della Mirandola, and also suggested that two rabbits on the left represent fertility.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A literary character of this name is given the motto \"Maggiore fretta, minore atto\" on a childish coat of arms in a novel illustrated by E.W. Kemble. Another character of this name gets a job from a man who spends his spare time collecting butterflies. The former man of this name boxed his young daughter about the ears for ignoring him, only to realize she had gone deaf from a fever. The latter character with this name allows an Australian pirate and would-be invader to leave his island unharmed, inadvertently causing the murder of Dain Waris. A man of this name is disguised as the \"Sick Arab\" by the Duke and the Dauphin aboard a raft. For 10 points, give this shared first name of a \"Lord\" of Patusan created by Joseph Conrad and a slave of Mrs. Watson who travels with Huckleberry Finn.", "answer": "Jim [or Lord Jim]", "page": "Jim_(given_name)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb5f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93358, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 252], [253, 386], [387, 549], [550, 643], [644, 796]], "first_sentence": "A literary character of this name is given the motto \"Maggiore fretta, minore atto\" on a childish coat of arms in a novel illustrated by E.W. Kemble.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one story, these figures send some ants to cut down flowers and bring them back. Scholars debate why a member of this group is male but has a name beginning with a feminine prefix. Two of their enemies attack them with thistles and climb a tree which these figures cause to steadily grow. These figures are brought a message by a louse, inside of a toad, inside of a snake, inside of a hawk. They are born after a skull hanging from a fruit tree spits in their mother's hand. To recover a lost arm, these people pose as dentists and replace their enemy's teeth with corn. They ascend to become the sun and moon after they defeat Seven Macaw and travel through the House of Bats in order to beat the Lords of Xibalba. For 10 points, identify these brothers, the protagonists of the Mayan Popol Vuh.", "answer": "Mayan Hero Twins [accept Xbalanque and Hunahpu in either order]", "page": "Maya_Hero_Twins", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb60", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93359, "tokenizations": [[0, 83], [84, 183], [184, 291], [292, 394], [395, 478], [479, 574], [575, 719], [720, 800]], "first_sentence": "In one story, these figures send some ants to cut down flowers and bring them back.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Jabri et al. discovered that mice with this disease can be treated by blocking IL-15 signaling. Poorly managed cases of this disease can lead to a form of T-cell lymphoma called EATL, and this disease also has a connection to the single itchiest condition known to man, dermatitis herpetiformis. Pathologic findings in this disease include crypt hyperplasia and lymphocyte invasion of the lamina propria. Like type 1 diabetes, this disease is associated with the 0201 allele of HLA-DQB1. This disease, which is diagnosed by finding antibodies to tissue transglutaminase, is triggered by antibodies to gliadin peptides and causes villous blunting. For 10 points, name this disease that manifests as gluten intolerance.", "answer": "celiac disease [prompt on \"gluten intolerance\" until it is read]", "page": "Coeliac_disease", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb61", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93360, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 295], [296, 404], [405, 487], [488, 646], [647, 717]], "first_sentence": "Jabri et al. discovered that mice with this disease can be treated by blocking IL-15 signaling.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Friedrich Nietzsche, in Ecce Homo, wrote that he feels \"warmest\" in proximity to this philosopher, because this philosopher affirms the need for destruction. Hegel, in his Lectures on the History of Philosophy, claims that his own logic adapts all the thought of this man, who proposed a cosmic \"downward path\" and \"upward path.\" A finger-wagging follower of this man discusses the nature of words in Plato's dialogue Cratylus. This man's term aletheia was glossed as \"disclosure\" of truth by Martin Heidegger. This native of Ephesus discussed the attunement of the bow and lyre, and posited a unity of opposites. His belief in nature as \"flux\" might explain his adage that you can't step in the same river twice. For 10 points, name this pre-Socratic who said all things come from and return to fire.", "answer": "Heraclitus of Ephesus [or Her\u00c3\u00a1kleitos]", "page": "Heraclitus", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb62", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93361, "tokenizations": [[0, 157], [158, 328], [328, 329], [330, 427], [428, 510], [511, 613], [614, 713], [714, 801]], "first_sentence": "Friedrich Nietzsche, in Ecce Homo, wrote that he feels \"warmest\" in proximity to this philosopher, because this philosopher affirms the need for destruction.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A Hamiltonian path in the polyhedron representing these entities can be found using the Steinhaus-Johnson-Trotter algorithm. The Fisher-Yates method is used for sampling a random one of these. The pure Braid group is the kernel of the homomorphism of the Braid group to the group of these things. Calculating a determinant involves summing products of matrix elements over all possible ones of these. Cayley's theorem states that a group G is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group acting on G, which is itself a set of these. The sign of the Levi-Civita symbol determines whether these things are odd or even, and they can be decomposed into transpositions. For a set of size n, there exist n factorial of, for 10 points, what rearrangements of a set for which order matters?", "answer": "permutations [prompt on \"orderings\"]", "page": "Permutation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb63", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93362, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 192], [193, 296], [297, 400], [401, 535], [536, 667], [668, 785]], "first_sentence": "A Hamiltonian path in the polyhedron representing these entities can be found using the Steinhaus-Johnson-Trotter algorithm.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A very half-hearted siege was conducted during this war by John Hope, who was captured in this war's final battle. One commander in this war mistook the dust raised by departing baggage trains as a sign of retreat, resulting in a foolish attack that Bertrand Clausel unsuccessfully tried to salvage. After a crushing defeat, an army in this war was allowed a full retreat with all spoils by Hew Dalrymple in the Convention of Cintra. During the outbreak of this war, John IV escaped with his court to Brazil and the Bayonne Statute replaced Ferdinand VII with a foreign ruler. The Lines of Torres Vedras were built to defend Lisbon from Andre Massena in this war, which included the Duke of Wellington's victory at Salamanca. For 10 points, name this Napoleonic war fought in Spain and Portugal.", "answer": "Peninsular War [prompt on \"Napoleonic Wars\"]", "page": "Peninsular_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb64", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93363, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 299], [300, 433], [434, 576], [577, 725], [726, 795]], "first_sentence": "A very half-hearted siege was conducted during this war by John Hope, who was captured in this war's final battle.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author discarded a chapter describing a confession of rape to Bishop Tikhon from a novel that includes the inadvertent hiring of a convict to kill a man's handicapped wife, whom he had married on a dare. In that novel by this man, a rebel group fears that the member with access to a printing press will betray them, so another man agrees to sign a note taking responsibility for his murder before killing himself. This author wrote of the suicides of Verkhovensky's men Kirilov and Stavrogin in his novel The Possessed. The servant Grigory tutors an epileptic lackey in his novel about the drunken murder victim Fyodor Pavlovich, his bastard son Smerdyakov, and his legitimate sons Dmitri, Ivan, and Alyosha. For 10 points, name this Russian author of The Brothers Karamazov.", "answer": "Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky", "page": "Fyodor_Dostoevsky", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb65", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93364, "tokenizations": [[0, 208], [209, 419], [420, 525], [526, 714], [715, 781]], "first_sentence": "This author discarded a chapter describing a confession of rape to Bishop Tikhon from a novel that includes the inadvertent hiring of a convict to kill a man's handicapped wife, whom he had married on a dare.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this poem, a \"tear more rare than pearl\" and a \"precious golden lock\" of hair from one character's head are used as payment. Another character in this poem is described as \"full of wise upbraidings\" and later assaulted during this poem's climax. When this poem appeared in its author's first volume of poetry, the author's brother provided the illustrations. In this poem, a character is reminded of the tragic tale of Jeanie, who \"pined and pined away,\" \"dwindled and grew grey, then fell with the first snow;\" that character in this poem is warned to \"not loiter so,\" lest she obey the refrain \"Come buy, come buy.\" For 10 points, name this poem about the sisters Laura and Lizzie, who are tormented each evening by the calls of the title creatures, a work by Christina Rossetti.", "answer": "\"Goblin Market\"", "page": "Goblin_Market", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb66", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93365, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 248], [249, 361], [362, 620], [621, 784]], "first_sentence": "In this poem, a \"tear more rare than pearl\" and a \"precious golden lock\" of hair from one character's head are used as payment.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Chapter 8 of this text notes that all creation is \"groaning\" as in the pains of childbirth; later, it compares its addressees to a branch grafted into an olive root, who must offer their bodies as \"living sacrifices.\" Augustine opened to this Biblical book after hearing the command \"Tolle, lege,\" which turned him Christian. A commentary on this text, stressing the \"wholly otherness of God,\" was written during World War I by Karl Barth. This text's third chapter states that all Jews and Gentiles alike have fallen short of the grace of God, and its sixth chapter says that \"the wages of sin is death.\" Martin Luther used this epistle to support justification by faith alone. For 10 points, name this first and longest New Testament epistle, addressed by Paul to the Jews of an imperial capital.", "answer": "Epistle to the Romans", "page": "Epistle_to_the_Romans", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb67", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93366, "tokenizations": [[0, 216], [216, 325], [326, 439], [440, 548], [549, 605], [606, 678], [679, 798]], "first_sentence": "Chapter 8 of this text notes that all creation is \"groaning\" as in the pains of childbirth; later, it compares its addressees to a branch grafted into an olive root, who must offer their bodies as \"living sacrifices.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author classified women as housewives, guardian angels, dancers, or witches in the essay \"Daguerreotypes.\" This author wrote a marionette play in which Abraham plans to murder Jan Bravida until a witch puts a curse on his inn so that every lie told there will be revealed as truth the next morning. This author of \"The Revenge of Truth\" also wrote about Miss Nat-og-Dag, Countess Calypso, and Jonathan Maersk telling stories in a granary while taking shelter from a flood in \"The Deluge at Norderney.\" In another book, this author described such people as Berkeley Cole, who drinks a bottle of champagne every morning, and Kinanjui, the leader of the laborers on her eventually-failed estate in the Ngong Hills of Kenya. For 10 points, name this author of Seven Gothic Tales and Out of Africa.", "answer": "Isak Dinesen [or Karen Blixen]", "page": "Karen_Blixen", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb6a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93369, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 303], [304, 505], [505, 725], [726, 798]], "first_sentence": "This author classified women as housewives, guardian angels, dancers, or witches in the essay \"Daguerreotypes.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A journey down this river is the subject of Between the Woods and the Water by Patrick Leigh Fermor. Before flooding due to a hydroelectric project, this river's small island of Ada Kaleh was home to a large Turkish population. In 2000, tributaries of this river were affected by a huge cyanide spill from a gold mine near Baia Mare. This river is home to Europe's largest binational hydroelectric dam at the Iron Gate. A major canal links this river to the Main. The Regen flows into this river at Regensburg, and its other tributaries include the Sava and the Tisza. Before the construction of the Szechenyi Chain Bridge, this river divided the twin cities of Buda and Pest. For 10 points, name this river that flows past Belgrade and Vienna and empties into the Black Sea.", "answer": "Danube River [or Donau]", "page": "Danube", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb6b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93370, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 227], [228, 333], [334, 419], [420, 463], [464, 568], [569, 676], [677, 775]], "first_sentence": "A journey down this river is the subject of Between the Woods and the Water by Patrick Leigh Fermor.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A model of this phenomenon developed in Lund and Grenoble built on an earlier one that analogized its relation with position to a stress-strain curve and accounted for hysteresis in the case of permanent displacement. Described by the Dahl model, this behavior was shown by IBM in 2008 at a molecular level using an atomic force microscope on cobalt atoms cooled to 5K. This phenomenon causes head loss proportional to the flow velocity squared divided by the hydraulic diameter and multiplied by the pipe length as well as a value describing this phenomenon named for Darcy. The strength of this force is independent of contact area and sliding velocity according to laws named for Amontons and Coulomb. For 10 points, name this force whose maximum value is proportional to the normal force and which opposes motion.", "answer": "friction", "page": "Friction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb6c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93371, "tokenizations": [[0, 217], [218, 369], [370, 575], [576, 704], [705, 817]], "first_sentence": "A model of this phenomenon developed in Lund and Grenoble built on an earlier one that analogized its relation with position to a stress-strain curve and accounted for hysteresis in the case of permanent displacement.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this country, Nitistas supported a coup by a movement calling itself Fractionism. The CIA helped build a rebel headquarters at Jamba in this country, whose independence was fought for by Holden Roberto. A US legal proviso attempting to ban arms exports to this non-Nicaragua country was named for Iowa senator Dick Clark. After an electoral dispute in this country, Jeremias Chitunda was killed in the Halloween Massacre along with other politicians of the Ovimbundu ethnicity. The Benguela railway was damaged by a war in this country where, until the 2002 death of Jonas Savimbi, UNITA fought the MPLA with Cuban military backing. For 10 points, name this country where separatists hold the oil-rich Cabinda exclave, a former Portuguese colony on Africa's Atlantic coast.", "answer": "Republic of Angola", "page": "Angola", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb6d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93372, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 205], [206, 324], [325, 480], [481, 635], [636, 776]], "first_sentence": "In this country, Nitistas supported a coup by a movement calling itself Fractionism.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man of this surname got wealthy working with David Sarnoff to merge many film studios into Radio Keith-Orpheum, or RKO Pictures. While assistant to a government official of this surname, John Seigenthaler was hit with a pipe in Alabama. The St. Coletta School in Wisconsin hid a member of this family whose father had her lobotomized, then told her siblings to say she was always disabled. A man of this family quoted Aeschylus on \"the awful grace of God\" atop a flatbed truck after MLK's assassination. Sargent Shriver married into this family, whose patriarch Joseph married boss \"Honey Fitz\"'s daughter. For 10 points, what family's highest-ranking politician worked with Ted Sorenson on Profiles in Courage and made his brother Robert Attorney General in 1961?", "answer": "Kennedy family [or Joseph Kennedy; or Rosemary Kennedy; or Robert Francis \"Bobby\" Kennedy; or John Fitzgerald \"Jack\" Kennedy]", "page": "Kennedy_family", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb6e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93373, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 238], [239, 391], [392, 505], [506, 608], [609, 766]], "first_sentence": "A man of this surname got wealthy working with David Sarnoff to merge many film studios into Radio Keith-Orpheum, or RKO Pictures.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This text suggests that five ways for a soul to do \"violence to itself\" include by becoming a \"tumor on the universe.\" This text claims that a man must act as if he were a member of the \"cosmopolis\" to act justly. This book's author often tells himself \"Erase impressions!\" This book claims that a man should be upright, rather than be kept upright. This book opens with a list of lessons learned from family members and teachers, including Rusticus's gift of Epictetus's Discourses, which inspired this book's view of man as a \"soul attached to a corpse\". This work was written along the river Gran and at Carnuntum as the author led military campaigns along his border. For 10 points, name this set of 12 books of personal Stoic philosophical writing by Marcus Aurelius.", "answer": "Meditations of Marcus Aurelius [or To Himself; or Ton eis heauton]", "page": "Meditations", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb6f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93374, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [117, 213], [214, 273], [274, 349], [350, 556], [557, 671], [672, 772]], "first_sentence": "This text suggests that five ways for a soul to do \"violence to itself\" include by becoming a \"tumor on the universe.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Agnes Martin's paintings are almost exclusively canvases of these objects scaled to 6' and filled with varying grids. In one work, a red one of these objects is stretched slightly to represent a peasant woman in two dimensions. Much of Ellsworth Kelly's work consists of random arrangements of these objects made from colored paper, such as in his Spectrum of Colors Arranged by Chance. While at Yale, one artist made hundreds of color-interaction studies by nesting these objects within each other; that series is Homage to [these] by Josef Albers. Holding these shapes to be the \"first step of pure creation,\" Kazimir Malevich created a painting consisting entirely of a black one and showed a different one tilted slightly in White on White. For 10 points, name these four-sided regular polygons.", "answer": "squares [prompt on \"quadrilaterals\"]", "page": "Square", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb70", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93375, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 227], [228, 386], [387, 549], [550, 744], [745, 799]], "first_sentence": "Agnes Martin's paintings are almost exclusively canvases of these objects scaled to 6' and filled with varying grids.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Operation Flipper was a disastrous attempt to raid the headquarters of this man, who personally directed the use of 80-millimeter anti-aircraft guns against tanks during the Battle of Arras. In this man's final military post, he set up a large array of wooden posts to prevent glider landings, known as his \"asparagus.\" Operation Crusader lifted this man's siege of Tobruk. This man was forced to evade a line of land mines and barbed wire stretching to the Qattara Depression, which he called \"devil's gardens,\" resulting in his defeat by Bernard Montgomery. After his implication in the July Plot to assassinate Hitler, this man committed suicide to remain a hero for his service at Kasserine Pass and El Alamein. For 10 points, name this Nazi commander of the Afrika Korps, nicknamed \"Desert Fox.\"", "answer": "Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel [prompt on \"Desert Fox\"]", "page": "Erwin_Rommel", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb71", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93376, "tokenizations": [[0, 190], [191, 319], [320, 373], [374, 559], [560, 715], [716, 800]], "first_sentence": "Operation Flipper was a disastrous attempt to raid the headquarters of this man, who personally directed the use of 80-millimeter anti-aircraft guns against tanks during the Battle of Arras.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Schubert's composition of this type and number concludes with a Presto vivace finale that begins pianissimo, and like his first entry in the genre, it is in D major. Another piece of this type and number was composed during a single summer at Wiesbaden in 1883 and was premiered that year by Hans Richter. That piece of this type and number employs a rising F-A-flat-F motif that represents the composer's motto, \"frei aber froh,\" and was written in F major by Johannes Brahms. Another piece of this type and number begins with two loud E-flat major chords played by the entire orchestra, features a C minor funeral march as its second movement, and is often used to mark the birth of musical Romanticism. For 10 points, name this type of work and number, of which Beethoven's is known as the \"Eroica.\"", "answer": "Symphony No. 3 [or Third Symphony]", "page": "Symphony_No._3_(Beethoven)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb72", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93377, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 305], [306, 477], [478, 705], [706, 802]], "first_sentence": "Schubert's composition of this type and number concludes with a Presto vivace finale that begins pianissimo, and like his first entry in the genre, it is in D major.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "According to Nonnus, twelve sons of this god fought with Dionysus in India. In various sources, a version of this god was made into a constellation after helping Zeus fight Typhon. Herodotus groups him with Heracles and Dionysus as young Greek gods adapted from old Egyptian gods. This god's children include Iynx and Acis, and in some myths, he is born to Penelope after she sleeps with one or all of the suitors. In several stories this son of Hermes pursues the nymph Echo. In the Metamorphoses, Mercury lulls Argus to sleep with a story of this god chasing a nymph to the river Ladon, where she is turned into reeds. After pursuing Syrinx, he fashioned a pair of pipes. For 10 points, name this Greek counterpart of the Roman Faunus, a goat-legged god of the wild.", "answer": "Pan [accept Faunus before mention; accept Aegipan]", "page": "Pan_(god)", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb73", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93378, "tokenizations": [[0, 75], [76, 180], [181, 280], [281, 414], [415, 476], [477, 620], [621, 673], [674, 768]], "first_sentence": "According to Nonnus, twelve sons of this god fought with Dionysus in India.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Part of this structure is absent in a syndrome that can cause mega cisterna magna, and which is named for Dandy and Walker. This structure contains the fastigial, globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei, which are collectively called its namesake \"deep nuclei\" and are located in the arbor vitae. Marr and Albus proposed theories of this structure's function. This structure includes a narrow medial tissue called its namesake vermis. Inputs in this structure diverge to stimulate a huge number of namesake granule cells, then converge to stimulate a much smaller number of Purkinje cells, which are among the largest neurons. For 10 points, name this portion of the brain involved in balance and motor skills, which is located under the cerebrum.", "answer": "cerebellum [prompt on brain until \"namesake\" is read]", "page": "Cerebellum", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb74", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93379, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 296], [297, 359], [360, 434], [435, 626], [627, 747]], "first_sentence": "Part of this structure is absent in a syndrome that can cause mega cisterna magna, and which is named for Dandy and Walker.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man wrote a parody of boy-meets-girl stories in which a writer comes up with a variety of ways Justin Horgenschlag and Shirley Lester could fall in love. This author of \"The Heart of a Broken Story\" also wrote about Ginnie Mannox's awkward conversation with the Graff family. This man described a preternaturally intelligent young boy who foretells his death at the hands of his violent sister Booper, and who believes he is the reincarnation of a Hindu holy man. In another story by this author of \"Teddy\" and \"Just Before the War with the Eskimos,\" a man at the beach helps Sibyl Carpenter look for the title animals before shooting himself in his hotel room. For 10 points, name this creator of the Glass family, the author of \"A Perfect Day for Bananafish.\"", "answer": "Jerome David Salinger", "page": "J._D._Salinger", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb75", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93380, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 280], [281, 468], [469, 666], [667, 766]], "first_sentence": "This man wrote a parody of boy-meets-girl stories in which a writer comes up with a variety of ways Justin Horgenschlag and Shirley Lester could fall in love.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Complexes of bisoxazolines and these species can be used to induce enantioselectivity into aldol and Mannich-type reactions. One method to test the \"strength\" of these species adds a triethylphosphine oxide probe followed by phosphorus-31 NMR analysis; that is the Gutmann-Beckett method. The addition of these substances to acetals can influence whether acetal substitution occurs by an SN1 or SN2 mechanism. These substances are needed to activate the carbonyl group in the Sakurai reaction. These compounds typically catalyze an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction which alkylates or acylates an aromatic ring. Friedel-Crafts reactions can be catalyzed by aluminum chloride or boron trifluoride, both examples of these species. For 10 points, name these acids which accept pairs of electrons.", "answer": "Lewis acid [prompt on \"acid\" before mention]", "page": "Lewis_acids_and_bases", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb76", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93381, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 288], [289, 409], [410, 493], [494, 622], [623, 739], [740, 804]], "first_sentence": "Complexes of bisoxazolines and these species can be used to induce enantioselectivity into aldol and Mannich-type reactions.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A follow-up to this work includes interviews with people like \"Henry Friend\" and Harlem resident \"Mrs. Sarah Cartwright.\" This work argues that competing \"veto groups\" prevent the existence of a ruling class. This book's final section analyzes obstacles to autonomy in work and in play, and it claims that the \"inside-dopester\" has replaced the moralizer in American politics. This book opens with a discredited argument connecting rates of population growth to the differing types of social character. This study uses the metaphor of people who use radar instead of a \"psychic gyroscope\" to explain the transition from \"inner-directed\" to \"outer-directed.\" For 10 points, name this book written with Reuel Denney and Nathan Glazer, a study of character in postwar America by David Riesman.", "answer": "The Lonely Crowd", "page": "The_Lonely_Crowd", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb77", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93382, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [120, 208], [209, 376], [377, 502], [503, 656], [656, 790]], "first_sentence": "A follow-up to this work includes interviews with people like \"Henry Friend\" and Harlem resident \"Mrs. Sarah Cartwright.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These people created a linen-based book named for its current location in Zagreb, which was discovered with a mummy in Egypt. Elongated sculptural figures made by these creators of the Liber Linteus were a primary influence on Giacometti's Walking Man, and these people also created a bronze model of a sheep's liver found at Piacenza. These victors at Alalia lost a major city when Camillus breached its sewers. One of their kings survived an assassination attempt by Gaius Mucius Scaevola, who thrust his hand into a flame to show his resolve; that king was Lars Porsenna of Clusium. Veii was part of this civilization, which produced the Roman Tarquin dynasty. For 10 points, name these ancient Italian people based in Tuscany who served as an early rival to the Romans.", "answer": "Etruscans", "page": "Etruscan_civilization", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb78", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93383, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 335], [336, 412], [413, 585], [586, 663], [664, 773]], "first_sentence": "These people created a linen-based book named for its current location in Zagreb, which was discovered with a mummy in Egypt.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The final poem of this collection begins: \"to a child who is fond of maps and engravings / the universe is the size of his immense hunger.\" Another poem in this collection, from which six \"condemned poems\" were excised after its first edition, compares the decline of his home city to the fall of Andromache and includes an image of the title bird \"reproaching God.\" In addition to \"The Voyage\" and \"The Swan,\" this collection's opening poem mentions a personification who \"dreams of scaffolds as he smokes his hookah pipe,\" and addresses you as the \"Hypocrite reader!\" For 10 points, name this collection which popularized the term ennui, whose sections \"Wine,\" \"Death,\" \"Revolt,\" and \"Spleen and Ideal\" were penned by French Symbolist poet Charles Baudelaire.", "answer": "The Flowers of Evil [or Les Fleurs du Mal]", "page": "Les_Fleurs_du_mal", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb79", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93384, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 366], [367, 569], [570, 761]], "first_sentence": "The final poem of this collection begins: \"to a child who is fond of maps and engravings / the universe is the size of his immense hunger.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "High-resolution UV images of this body in 1995 by the Hubble space telescope showed a dark-spot on its surface that was named after its discoverer. The surface composition of this body consists of a significant amount of hydrated minerals, as well as iron-rich phyllosilicate clays and carbonates. It's not Uranus, but this object's existence was predicted by the Titius-Bode law, though that law was disproven by the discovery of Neptune in 1846. In Spring 2015, Dawn is expected to enter an orbit around this object after a year surveying Vesta. First thought to have been a comet by Giuseppe Piazzi in 1801, this celestial body is now classified as the smallest member of a group with constituents Haumea, Eris and Pluto. For 10 points, identify this dwarf planet of the asteroid belt.", "answer": "1 Ceres", "page": "Ceres_(dwarf_planet)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb7a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93385, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 297], [298, 447], [448, 547], [548, 700], [701, 724], [725, 788]], "first_sentence": "High-resolution UV images of this body in 1995 by the Hubble space telescope showed a dark-spot on its surface that was named after its discoverer.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one essay, this thinker derided people who have \"strong moral convictions,\" but no political principles that allow for accommodating those with different morals. This thinker proposed replacing the traditional political line with a triangle, because socialists and conservatives often agree on matters such as imperialism. This author called himself an \"unrepentant Old Whig\" because his idea of \"liberalism\" didn't match current parties in an essay that attacked the title ideology for wanting to \"stand still.\" This author of \"Why I am Not a Conservative\" wrote in a prominent book that the examples of Soviet Russia and the Nazis show that central planning of the economy will inevitably lead to tyranny. For 10 points, name this Austrian economist who wrote The Road to Serfdom.", "answer": "Friedrich August von Hayek", "page": "Friedrich_Hayek", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb7b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93386, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 325], [326, 515], [516, 710], [711, 785]], "first_sentence": "In one essay, this thinker derided people who have \"strong moral convictions,\" but no political principles that allow for accommodating those with different morals.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, two brothers learn that a great-great-uncle, who they thought had fled after a rebellion, actually hid in a cellar for ten years; those men also disagree about whether or not their older brother volunteered to be executed as compensation for a dead Korean. This novel begins as its narrator and his dog climb into a septic tank while recalling a conversation with his alcoholic wife Natsumi. The narrator's brother confesses to sleeping with their mentally disabled sister before committing suicide. John Bester titled his translation of this novel after the suicide of the narrator's friend, who painted himself red and stuck a cucumber up his anus. For 10 points, name this novel in which Mitsu and his brother Takashi return to their home village, written by Kenzaburo Oe.", "answer": "The Silent Cry [or Man'en Gannen no Futtoboru; or Football in the First Year of Man'en]", "page": "The_Silent_Cry", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb7c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93387, "tokenizations": [[0, 271], [272, 406], [407, 514], [515, 665], [666, 790]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, two brothers learn that a great-great-uncle, who they thought had fled after a rebellion, actually hid in a cellar for ten years; those men also disagree about whether or not their older brother volunteered to be executed as compensation for a dead Korean.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This work was intended to hang in a parliament building designed by Legrand and Molinos. In the upper left of this work, a man stops his hat from flying away as an umbrella is flipped open behind him. This work shows a dissenter sitting on a chair with his head down and arms crossed, while at bottom center a clergyman dressed in his traditional white Carthusian robe, Christophe-Antoine Gerle, shakes hands with a layman. A strong wind makes long curtains billow in from the windows in the upper left of this work. Its vanishing point is between the eyes of Jean-Sylvain Bailly, who stands on a table with the title document and lifts his right hand as the crowd imitates him. For 10 points, name this never-completed Jacques-Louis David painting in which the Third Estate pledges to write a constitution.", "answer": "The Tennis Court Oath [or Le Serment du Jeu de Paume]", "page": "Tennis_Court_Oath", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb7d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93388, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 200], [201, 423], [424, 516], [517, 678], [679, 807]], "first_sentence": "This work was intended to hang in a parliament building designed by Legrand and Molinos.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A campaign ad in support of this politician asked, \"How can you believe that you can kickstart a modern economy by fixing some roads?\" and closes with the message \"Think Twice.\" As Minister of Justice, this person helped reverse the effects of the Seaboyer decision through a new rape shield law, but was criticized for the Airborne Regiment's killing of a teen in the Somalia Affair, which occurred during this politician's time as Minister of National Defense. This person's staff was accused of insensitivity for releasing an attack ad drawing attention to a rival's Bell's palsy. This leader of the Progressive Conservatives never lived at 24 Sussex Drive because Brian Mulroney declined to move out. For 10 points, name this woman succeeded by Jean Chr\u00c3\u00a9tien, the only female Canadian Prime Minister.", "answer": "Kim Campbell [or Avril Phaedra Douglas Campbell]", "page": "Kim_Campbell", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb7e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93389, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 462], [463, 583], [584, 704], [705, 805]], "first_sentence": "A campaign ad in support of this politician asked, \"How can you believe that you can kickstart a modern economy by fixing some roads?\" and closes with the message \"Think Twice.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This musician played the opening solo on Gil Evans's arrangement of \"St. Louis Blues\" for New Bottle Old Wine. One of his albums features the first recording of the Miles Davis composition \"Nardis.\" On the first side of one of his albums, he paired his popular version of Cole Porter's \"Love for Sale\" with \"Autumn Leaves,\" which also titles a 1963 live album of his that emerged from the same Japanese tour as Nippon Soul. This musician referred to Bobby Timmons's \"This Here\" as \"Dis Here,\" and performed it along with \"Dat Dere.\" He recorded the album Somethin' Else. His namesake quintet recorded a popular version of \"Work Song,\" by his cornetist brother Nat. For 10 points, name this nickname-sporting jazz saxophonist who had a hit with \"Mercy, Mercy, Mercy.\"", "answer": "Cannonball Adderley [or Julian Edwin Adderley]", "page": "Cannonball_Adderley", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414840ea23cc9417e9bb7f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93390, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 198], [199, 423], [424, 471], [472, 532], [533, 570], [571, 664], [665, 766]], "first_sentence": "This musician played the opening solo on Gil Evans's arrangement of \"St. Louis Blues\" for New Bottle Old Wine.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "According to Lycophron, this god married a nymph in Pallene, but fled via underground river to leave behind his murderous sons. In the Georgics, this god tells the story of Orpheus to Aristaeus. Euripides and Herodotus identify this god with a king who sheltered Helen during the Trojan War. This god shares his most notable superhuman ability with both Erysichthon's daughter Mestra and Nestor's son Periclymenus. Per Book IV of the Odyssey, this god reveals the fates of Ajax the Lesser and Agamemnon, and his daughter Eidothea hides a man in a sealskin so that he may ambush this god and learn how to return home to Sparta from Pharos. For 10 points, name this husband of Psamathe, a prophetic son of Poseidon and sea god whom Menelaus captures despite his ability to take any shape.", "answer": "Proteus", "page": "Proteus", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb80", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93391, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 194], [195, 291], [292, 414], [415, 638], [639, 786]], "first_sentence": "According to Lycophron, this god married a nymph in Pallene, but fled via underground river to leave behind his murderous sons.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After refusing an order of Maximian, a Roman legion composed of 6,600 members of this group was decimated at Agaunum and later utterly massacred. Officially, thurificati, libellatici, and traditores were classes of lapsi, a collective term for people who broke from this group, which made up the Theban Legion. While governor of Bithynia-Pontus, Pliny the Younger wrote a letter to Trajan asking for advice on dealing with these people, who Decius targeted in a law requiring public sacrifice. This group, which populated much of Rome's Aventine and Trastevere areas, made heavy use of catacombs. These people were officially tolerated after the Edict of Milan. For 10 points, name this religious group that Constantine I joined after he saw a cross in the sky.", "answer": "Christians [accept anything indicating followers of Christ in the Roman Empire]", "page": "Christian", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb82", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93393, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 310], [311, 493], [494, 596], [597, 661], [662, 761]], "first_sentence": "After refusing an order of Maximian, a Roman legion composed of 6,600 members of this group was decimated at Agaunum and later utterly massacred.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The time evolution of the radius of one of these objects can be approximated with less than one percent error by the expression \"one minus t squared raised to the two-fifths power\". The Keller-Miksis equation models these objects, which have a natural frequency proportional to the square root of the adiabatic index times pressure divided by density, a value called the Minnaert resonance. Bjerknes forces contribute to the emission of light from these objects when they are forced to oscillate by standing acoustic waves in a phenomenon known as sonoluminescence. These objects are described by the Rayleigh-Plesset equation, which is derived from the Navier-Stokes equations under spherical symmetry. For 10 points, name these objects that form and implode via cavitation and can form from soap films.", "answer": "bubbles [or liquid bubbles; or soap bubbles]", "page": "Bubble_(physics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb83", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93394, "tokenizations": [[0, 181], [182, 390], [391, 565], [566, 703], [704, 804]], "first_sentence": "The time evolution of the radius of one of these objects can be approximated with less than one percent error by the expression \"one minus t squared raised to the two-fifths power\".", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one scene, this character lies on his back and pedals his feet while saying \"I'm losing weight, you notice, Pop?\" In his last appearance, this character vows to stay \"right in this city\" and \"beat this racket.\" This character pretends to be a champagne salesman while attempting to seduce a woman at a restaurant, to whom he introduces another character as the quarterback of the New York Giants. This man plans to create a sporting goods line with his older brother and repeatedly tells their mother that he's planning on getting married. After abandoning his father at Stanley's restaurant, this serial liar is berated by his mother Linda. For 10 points, name this character from Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, a son of Willy Loman and the younger brother of Biff.", "answer": "Happy Loman [or Harold Loman; prompt on \"Loman\"]", "page": "Death_of_a_Salesman", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb84", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93395, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 212], [212, 399], [400, 542], [543, 644], [645, 775]], "first_sentence": "In one scene, this character lies on his back and pedals his feet while saying \"I'm losing weight, you notice, Pop?\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A businessman of this surname sponsored an early namesake Air Race in 1927, in which all but two planes crashed or went missing, after a machine invented by Henry Ginaca boosted his profits. A politician of this surname pardoned Robert Wilcox after Wilcox's rebellion against him. That man of this surname gained additional powers after the Newlands Resolution was passed, and conspired with John Stevens and Lorrin Thurston to provoke the landing of the USS Boston. The \"Bayonet Constitution\" benefitted a bearded governor of this name by weakening Queen Liliuokalani. For 10 points, give this common surname of Hawaii's first territorial governor Sanford, as well as his cousin James, who founded a fruit company there known for its pineapples.", "answer": "Dole [or James Dole; accept Sanford Dole after \"Robert\" is read]", "page": "Department_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb85", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93396, "tokenizations": [[0, 190], [191, 280], [281, 466], [467, 569], [570, 746]], "first_sentence": "A businessman of this surname sponsored an early namesake Air Race in 1927, in which all but two planes crashed or went missing, after a machine invented by Henry Ginaca boosted his profits.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Two objects sacred to this holiday, which resemble mouths and eyes respectively, are the aravah and the hadass. On its religion's calendar, this holiday is the first of the Shalosh Regalim each year. A prayer said on this holiday addressed to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Joseph, and David, seven Biblical shepherds, honors guests called ushpizin. The Hoshanah Rabbah is observed at the end of this holiday; right after that, Shemini Atzeret follows after this third holiday in the month of Tishrei. Four species of plants, including the lulav branch and etrog citrus fruit, are waved around on this holiday, which remembers the Israelites' wandering in the desert. For 10 points, name this week-long Jewish autumn holiday, whose observers build and live in outdoor wooden booths.", "answer": "Sukkot [or Sukkos; prompt on \"Feast of Booths\" or \"Feast of Tabernacles\"]", "page": "Sukkot", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb86", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93397, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 199], [200, 355], [356, 507], [508, 673], [674, 788]], "first_sentence": "Two objects sacred to this holiday, which resemble mouths and eyes respectively, are the aravah and the hadass.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Fieldwork in this country resulted in a book that draws on Charles Henry and Morley Cromwell's experiences to explain how places can \"speak the past into being\"; that book is Wisdom Sits in Places by Keith Basso. An anthropologist working in this country created the theory that culture is \"superorganic,\" and divided this country into \"culture areas.\" Two cultures found in this country were compared to New Guinea's Dobu in a study contrasting \"Apollonian\" and \"Dionysian\" cultures. Mules and Men collects folklore from this country. Examples of \"salvage ethnography\" practiced in this country include Alfred Kroeber's work with a native named Ishi. For 10 points, name this nation studied in Ruth Benedict's Patterns of Culture, which looked at the Zuni, one of its Pueblo peoples.", "answer": "United States of America [or USA; or America]", "page": "United_States", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb87", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93398, "tokenizations": [[0, 212], [213, 351], [351, 352], [353, 484], [485, 535], [536, 651], [652, 784]], "first_sentence": "Fieldwork in this country resulted in a book that draws on Charles Henry and Morley Cromwell's experiences to explain how places can \"speak the past into being\"; that book is Wisdom Sits in Places by Keith Basso.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a poem by this author, the speaker \"loved [the] whole manner\" of a man \"sure-footed but too sly\" who was \"blown to bits / out drinking in a curfew.\" This author of \"Casualty\" also wrote about creatures \"poised like mud grenades, their blunt heads farting,\" called \"great slime kings\" who \"were gathered there for vengeance.\" In that work, he recounts filling \"jampotfuls of the jellied / Specks to range on window sills at home\" and watching \"until / The fattening dots burst, into nimble / Swimming tadpoles.\" In another poem by this man, he remembers seeing his brother \"for the first time in six weeks\" in a \"four foot box, one for every year.\" For 10 points, name this Irish poet of \"Death of a Naturalist\" and \"Mid-Term Break\" who produced a 1999 verse translation of Beowulf.", "answer": "Seamus Heaney", "page": "Seamus_Heaney", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb88", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93399, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 327], [328, 513], [514, 650], [651, 784]], "first_sentence": "In a poem by this author, the speaker \"loved [the] whole manner\" of a man \"sure-footed but too sly\" who was \"blown to bits / out drinking in a curfew.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The leader of this group is later seen listing frankincense and myrrh as aftershave lotions. This group arrives too late to a courtroom after a judge displays a giant model ant during a game of charades and announces that he is moving to South Africa to \"get some decent sentencing done.\" This group is shown in 1912 in Jarrow after a man reports that \"One of the cross beams has gone out askew on the treadle.\" In another scene, this group pokes an old lady with soft cushions and makes her sit in the comfy chair. Their leader counts \"ruthless efficiency\" among their chief weapons, along with \"fear,\" \"surprise,\" and \"an almost fanatical devotion to the pope.\" For 10 points, name this group of inept torturers from a series of Monty Python sketches, in which nobody expects them.", "answer": "The Spanish Inquisition [or things like \"the Spanish Inquisition cardinals from the Monty Python sketches\"]", "page": "Spanish_Inquisition", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb89", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93400, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 287], [287, 411], [412, 515], [516, 663], [664, 783]], "first_sentence": "The leader of this group is later seen listing frankincense and myrrh as aftershave lotions.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Ruins built in this empire's first capital are called the Roluos Group. An expedition by Henri Mouhot spurred Western interest in this empire, which one man ascended to rule by jumping on the head of a rival's war elephant and killing him. Legendarily, this empire's founder declared independence from Sailendra before he absorbed the pre-existing Chenla people. Leaders called chakravartin led this empire, which built massive water reservoirs called baray. Many complexes built by this empire, such as Bayon, represented the mythical Mount Meru. This empire, whose boats fought against Champa on the Tonle Sap, was founded by Jayavarman II. For 10 points, name this Hindu-turned-Buddhist medieval empire which built Angkor in what's now Cambodia.", "answer": "Khmer Empire [do not accept \"Khmer Rouge\"]", "page": "Khmer_Empire", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb8a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93401, "tokenizations": [[0, 71], [72, 239], [240, 362], [363, 458], [459, 547], [548, 642], [643, 748]], "first_sentence": "Ruins built in this empire's first capital are called the Roluos Group.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Near the end of this piece, a dominant seventh chord on A is used to modulate unexpectedly from D major to D-flat, then back from D-flat to the final D major. This piece begins with a cello and viola playing tenuto half note D's an octave apart, which continues as another cello and viola introduce a dotted theme descending from B-flat to D, the first of three passages representing the protagonists walking. The Ros\u00c3\u00a9 Quartet participated in the premiere of this piece only after being encouraged by Gustav Mahler. This composition was rejected by a Vienna music society over its uncategorized inverted ninth chord. This piece depicts a woman confessing to her lover that she bears another man's child, deriving its program from a Richard Dehmel poem. For 10 points, name this string sextet, the first major work by Arnold Schoenberg.", "answer": "Transfigured Night [or Verkl\u00c3\u00a4rte Nacht]", "page": "Verkl\u00e4rte_Nacht", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb8b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93402, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 409], [410, 419], [420, 516], [517, 617], [618, 753], [754, 836]], "first_sentence": "Near the end of this piece, a dominant seventh chord on A is used to modulate unexpectedly from D major to D-flat, then back from D-flat to the final D major.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a play by this man, Lisardo is killed fighting a duel to prevent his sister from marrying a man who turns out to be her twin brother. That sister, Julia, has a scar on her chest that matches Eusebio's. This author of Devotion to the Cross wrote a play in which Rebolledo and Don Alvaro stage a mock fight so that the latter may meet Isabel, after which her father Pedro Crespo is elected to the title office. This author wrote a third play in which Rosaura marries a man she had meant to kill, Astolfo, who has a claim to the throne of Poland. In that play by this man, Segismundo overthrows but does not kill his father after he is released from his lifelong imprisonment. For 10 points, name this Spanish Golden Age playwright of The Mayor of Zalamea and Life is a Dream.", "answer": "Pedro Calder\u00c3\u00b3n de la Barca", "page": "Pedro_Calder\u00f3n_de_la_Barca", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb8c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93403, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 204], [205, 411], [412, 546], [547, 676], [677, 776]], "first_sentence": "In a play by this man, Lisardo is killed fighting a duel to prevent his sister from marrying a man who turns out to be her twin brother.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Fontaine-Mazur conjectures ask whether l-adic representations of these mathematical objects have convenient geometric properties. Infinite groups of this type can be endowed with the Krull topology. The \"absolute\" one for a field F is defined in terms of the separable closure of F. For field L and subfield K, all automorphisms of L fixing K are trivial if and only if the corresponding one of these groups is trivial, since the order of one of these groups equals the degree of the corresponding field. A polynomial equation is solvable by radicals if and only if the one of these groups corresponding to its splitting field is solvable. For 10 points, name these groups of automorphisms of field extensions, whose subgroups correspond to intermediate fields according to the namesake \"theory\" of a French mathematician.", "answer": "Galois groups [prompt on \"groups\" or \"automorphism groups\"]", "page": "Galois_group", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb8d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93404, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 202], [203, 286], [287, 358], [359, 508], [509, 643], [644, 826]], "first_sentence": "The Fontaine-Mazur conjectures ask whether l-adic representations of these mathematical objects have convenient geometric properties.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This phenomenon is the subject of a dispositional \"higher-order theory\" by philosopher Peter Carruthers. Owen Flanagan called people who deny any possible account of this thing \"New Mysterians.\" Adding a \"causal role\" for this thing to quantum theory was George Wigner's motive for the \"Wigner's friend\" variant of Schr\u00c3\u00b6dinger's cat. Ned Block distinguished \"A-\" and \"P-\" types of this phenomenon; understanding the \"A-\" or \"access\" type is among its \"easy problems\" according to David Chalmers. This thing \"makes the mind-body problem really intractable,\" according to Thomas Nagel's \"What is it like to be a bat?\" Some thinkers claim this thing is divided into units called qualia, which philosophical zombies lack. For 10 points, name this term for awareness of one's own mind.", "answer": "consciousness [or conscious experience; prompt on \"experience\" or \"perception\" throughout; anti-prompt on \"qualia\" until mention; prompt on \"the mind\" until \"mind-body\" is read]", "page": "Consciousness", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb8e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93405, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 194], [195, 334], [335, 496], [497, 616], [617, 718], [719, 781]], "first_sentence": "This phenomenon is the subject of a dispositional \"higher-order theory\" by philosopher Peter Carruthers.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One reaction to prepare these compounds adds diazomethylphosphonate esters to aldehydes under basic catalysis and generates vinyl-diazo intermediates. Along with aldehydes, these compounds are the degradation products of alpha, beta-epoxy tosylhydrazones in the Eschenmoser fragmentation. A coupling involving both palladium and copper catalysis, in which these compounds react with aryl halides, is the Sonogashira reaction. These compounds react with azides to form triazole rings in a well-known click-chemistry reaction, and terminal ones can be deprotonated by sodium amide. They are reduced to cis-alkenes by the poisoned Lindlar catalyst. This functional group is composed of two sp-hybridized carbons. For 10 points, name this functional group consisting of a carbon-carbon triple bond.", "answer": "alkynes [do not accept \"alkenes\" or \"alkanes\"; if necessary, ask teams to spell their answer]", "page": "Alkyne", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb8f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93406, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 288], [289, 425], [426, 579], [580, 645], [646, 709], [710, 794]], "first_sentence": "One reaction to prepare these compounds adds diazomethylphosphonate esters to aldehydes under basic catalysis and generates vinyl-diazo intermediates.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one work by this artist, a radiant sun appears at the top of a ribbon-like spiral staircase suspended in a starlit sky. In another work, this man was inspired by lines from Macbeth to show a small child leaping up from a dead body into the arms of a woman on a white flying horse. This artist of Jacob's Ladder and Pity created a series of watercolors about a beast with white stars on its wings who stands oppressively over a lady in bright yellow, described as \"the woman clothed with the Sun.\" This artist of a series about the Great Red Dragon showed one of his own creations, the bearded Urizen, crouching down from the Sun to measure the void with a compass in Ancient of Days. For 10 points, name this English painter who also illustrated his own Songs of Innocence and of Experience.", "answer": "William Blake", "page": "William_Blake", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb90", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93407, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 283], [284, 499], [500, 686], [687, 794]], "first_sentence": "In one work by this artist, a radiant sun appears at the top of a ribbon-like spiral staircase suspended in a starlit sky.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Quranic sura of this number, whose retelling of the Cain and Abel story notes that killing one person is like destroying all humanity, is called Al-Ma'ida, or \"The Table.\" Zaydi Muslims of Yemen include their namesake Zayd ibn Ali in a set totaling this number of imams, unlike either the Twelvers or the Seveners in mainstream Shi'a Islam. This is the lowest positive number of wives forbidden to a Muslim man at any given time. On the Middle Eastern hamsa charm, there are this many protrusions extending out from a central eye symbol. A set of this number of observances includes sawm, mandating fasting during Ramadan. For 10 points, give this number of times observant Muslims must pray per day, a requirement stated within this number of \"pillars\" of the Islamic faith.", "answer": "five [or 5]", "page": "5", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb91", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93408, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 344], [345, 433], [434, 541], [542, 626], [627, 779]], "first_sentence": "The Quranic sura of this number, whose retelling of the Cain and Abel story notes that killing one person is like destroying all humanity, is called Al-Ma'ida, or \"The Table.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel recovers from the trauma of running over a little girl when a psychiatrist convinces him that he hates children. Another character in this novel declares that he will steal a typewriter, but then asks its owners for help when he cannot lift it. A doctor in this novel tries to resolve a crisis when he learns that his nephew and niece are in love with each other; those two relatives later have lunch in a boarding house in Lima before an earthquake kills them in one of this novel's ten sub-narratives. This novel begins with the epigraph \"I write. I write that I am writing.\" Its protagonist starts a love affair with a matronly relative as insanity grips Pedro Camacho, an overworked creator of radio shows. For 10 points, name this semi-autobiographical novel by Mario Vargas Llosa.", "answer": "Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter [or La t\u00c3\u00ada Julia y el escribidor]", "page": "Aunt_Julia_and_the_Scriptwriter", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb92", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93409, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 270], [271, 529], [530, 575], [576, 603], [604, 736], [737, 812]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel recovers from the trauma of running over a little girl when a psychiatrist convinces him that he hates children.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An enzyme dependent on this metallic element as a cofactor is inhibited by hydroxyurea. An ion of this element is found in the +4 oxidation state bound to an oxo ligand in the key mechanistic step of an enzyme that also uses the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin; that enzyme is phenylalanine hydroxylase. This element is used in the Bechamp reduction. The first known ligands of hapticity 5 were bonded to a central atom of this metal. It's not aluminum, but this element's trichloride is often used as a catalyst in the chlorination of arenes. This element is present both as the counter-ion and in the central complex ion of the dye Prussian blue. An alloy of this element and carbon can undergo martensite or pearlite phase transitions. For 10 points, name this transition metal found in ferrocene.", "answer": "iron [or Fe]", "page": "Iron", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb93", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93410, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 300], [301, 347], [348, 431], [432, 540], [541, 645], [646, 735], [736, 797]], "first_sentence": "An enzyme dependent on this metallic element as a cofactor is inhibited by hydroxyurea.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Julius Pollux recorded that this hero's dog ate some snails, thus discovering a purple dye. This hero killed Syleus, who forced passersby to hoe his vineyard. This man killed Theiodamas in a dispute over a bull, and adopted a son as a companion who was later abducted by nymphs while fetching water. After Eurytus reneged on a promise to give a daughter to the winner of an archery contest, this man killed him and abducted Iole. This companion of Hylas killed Iphitus, for which he was punished by having to wear women's clothing and serve Omphale. This hero was killed by a shirt soaked in the blood of the centaur Nessus, which was given to him by his jealous wife Deianira. For 10 points, name this Greek hero who retrieved the cattle of Geryon while performing his twelve labors.", "answer": "Heracles [or Hercules]", "page": "Heracles", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb94", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93411, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 158], [159, 299], [300, 429], [430, 549], [550, 677], [678, 784]], "first_sentence": "Julius Pollux recorded that this hero's dog ate some snails, thus discovering a purple dye.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A man in this novel marries the widow of a fellow matchbox cover collector. In this novel's epilogue, the narrator visits a chapel and remarks on a \"small red flame\" burning, which \"could not have been lit but for the builders and the tragedians.\" This novel's author's note reads \"I am not I: thou art not he or she: they are not they.\" This novel's first section is titled for a phrase written on a skull in the narrator's dorm room, \"Et in Arcadia Ego.\" This novel's narrator befriends a man who carries a teddy bear to Oxford, then gets divorced so he can marry Julia, who changes her mind after her father's deathbed reconciliation with the Catholic Church. For 10 points, name this novel in which Charles Ryder visits Sebastian Flyte at the title estate, written by Evelyn Waugh.", "answer": "Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred and Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder", "page": "Brideshead_Revisited", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb95", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93412, "tokenizations": [[0, 75], [76, 246], [246, 302], [303, 336], [336, 337], [338, 455], [455, 662], [663, 785]], "first_sentence": "A man in this novel marries the widow of a fellow matchbox cover collector.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The six-item Fagerstrom Test assesses the severity of this disorder. The second most common use of the antidepressant bupropion is treatment of this disorder. The drugs cytisine and varenicline treat this disorder by being partially agonistic to a type of receptor that appears on both sides of the neuromuscular junction. The non-alpha 7 types of that receptor contribute to this disease by directly exciting dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons. The compound most directly responsible for this condition mimics the action of acetylcholine in namesake acetylcholine receptors. The most common way to treat this disorder is through replacement therapy in the form of gum or patches. For 10 points, name this disorder in which one becomes dependent on the active drug found in tobacco.", "answer": "nicotine addiction [or nicotine dependence; prompt on \"smoking\" or any other answer indicating tobacco ingestion]", "page": "Nicotine", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb96", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93413, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 158], [159, 322], [323, 445], [446, 575], [576, 680], [681, 782]], "first_sentence": "The six-item Fagerstrom Test assesses the severity of this disorder.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A photograph of a work in this medium shows the Cross of Lorraine painted in white over a wash of black paint that drips down in long streaks. That photo is part of a series by Brassa\u00c3\u00af on this medium, which heavily influenced Jean Dubuffet. A group of artists in this medium used the symbol of a three-pointed crown and was called SAMO [\"same\"-o]. A work in this medium shows a man pressure-washing cave paintings, while another shows two members of the London police kissing each other. The film Exit Through the Gift Shop is about this medium, which includes a work in which a rioter with a backwards cap and a scarf around his mouth prepares to throw a bouquet of flowers. For 10 points, name this medium emulated by Jean-Michel Basquiat and practiced by the anonymous English artist Banksy.", "answer": "graffiti [prompt on \"street art\"; prompt on \"painting\"]", "page": "Graffiti", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb99", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93416, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 241], [242, 348], [349, 488], [489, 676], [677, 795]], "first_sentence": "A photograph of a work in this medium shows the Cross of Lorraine painted in white over a wash of black paint that drips down in long streaks.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After becoming the first High King of Ireland since Brian O'Neill, a man with this first name died fighting John de Bermingham at the Battle of Faughart. At the Feast of the Swans, another man with this name was knighted by his father before going on a campaign to avenge the death of John Comyn. A third man of this name was supported by the English victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill, which was not enough to overcome his rival David II's claim to the throne. In addition to a brother of Robert the Bruce and the son of John Balliol, people with this name include a king who was probably the lover of Piers Gaveston and who lost the Battle of Bannockburn. For 10 points, give this name held by the English kings during the Scottish wars of independence, including one nicknamed Longshanks.", "answer": "Edward [or Edward Bruce; or Edward Balliol; or Edward I; or Edward II]", "page": "Edward", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb9a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93417, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 296], [297, 464], [465, 660], [661, 794]], "first_sentence": "After becoming the first High King of Ireland since Brian O'Neill, a man with this first name died fighting John de Bermingham at the Battle of Faughart.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In \"Reflections on\" this city, Hannah Arendt controversially imagined what she'd do as a poor black mother here. A woman from this city wrote about being attacked by acid in her memoir Warriors Don't Cry; another memoir about this city, named for its Long Shadow, retells a plan developed by Virgil Blossom. Melba Pattillo Beals and Daisy Bates were people opposed by this city's Capital Citizens' Council. The so-called \"Lost Year\" in this city led to a Supreme Court ruling in Cooper v. Aaron that states must follow Supreme Court decisions even if they disagree with them. The 101st Airborne division was sent to this city by the President. For 10 points, name this city where governor Orval Faubus opposed the 1957 enrollment of nine black students to desegregate Central High School.", "answer": "Little Rock, Arkansas [accept \"Reflections on Little Rock\"; accept The Long Shadow of Little Rock]", "page": "Little_Rock,_Arkansas", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb9b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93418, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 307], [308, 406], [407, 575], [576, 643], [644, 788]], "first_sentence": "In \"Reflections on\" this city, Hannah Arendt controversially imagined what she'd do as a poor black mother here.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An international collaboration based in this country has produced evidence for bottom-to-down quark transitions and proof of non-kaon CP-violation. This country, which is home to the Belle experiment, also produced a physicist who discovered the temperature-dependence of resistivity due to electron scattering by magnetic impurities. Another physicist from here theorized that mesons carried the nuclear force, predicting the existence of pions. This country, which contains the KEK laboratory, also houses an underground facility where photomultiplier tubes detect rings of Cherenkov radiation in ultra-pure water. That facility found the first evidence of atmospheric neutrino oscillations and is named the Super-Kamiokande. For 10 points, name this birthplace of Jun Kondo and Hideki Yukawa.", "answer": "Japan [or Nippon; or Nihon]", "page": "Japan", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb9c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93419, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 334], [335, 446], [447, 616], [617, 727], [728, 795]], "first_sentence": "An international collaboration based in this country has produced evidence for bottom-to-down quark transitions and proof of non-kaon CP-violation.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Laura Bohannan identified thirteen types of this practice among the Dahomey. John McLennan linked the origin of this practice in primitive society to infanticide. The Mosuo people of China practice its rare \"walking\" type. Rodney Needham began a debate over whether there is a meaningful difference between the \"prescriptive\" and \"preferential\" forms of this practice. This practice is analyzed as an exchange governed by a rule of reciprocity in the alliance theory of Claude L\u00c3\u00a9vi-Strauss. The Nuer practice the \"ghost\" form of it, which, like the \"levirate\" form practiced by communities such as Orthodox Jews, involves the brother of a dead man. For 10 points, name this practice which is exogamous when it occurs between tribes, and which often involves the giving of a dowry.", "answer": "marriage", "page": "Marriage", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb9d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93420, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 162], [163, 222], [223, 368], [369, 491], [492, 649], [650, 781]], "first_sentence": "Laura Bohannan identified thirteen types of this practice among the Dahomey.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of this author's characters curses \"novels, verses, songs,\" and \"sonnets\" as \"pernicious amusements of idle minds\" at the end of the play in which he appears. That character, Gorgibus, vows to marry off his daughter and niece or send the two to a nunnery. In another play by this author, a maid voices her opinion of a forced marriage but stops talking every time her master is about to slap her. In that play, two lovers repeatedly walk away from each other as Dorine tries to mend their relationship, which was ruined by Mariane's arranged marriage. One of this man's title characters has his licentiousness revealed to Orgon as Orgon hides under a table. For 10 points, name this playwright who satirized French society in his comedies of manners The Affected Young Ladies and Tartuffe.", "answer": "Moliere [or Jean-Baptiste Poquelin]", "page": "Moli\u00e8re", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb9e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93421, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 259], [260, 400], [401, 555], [556, 661], [662, 753], [754, 793]], "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters curses \"novels, verses, songs,\" and \"sonnets\" as \"pernicious amusements of idle minds\" at the end of the play in which he appears.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This work claims that a philosopher must \"fire his volley of new vocables out of his conceptual shotgun.\" It cites testimony from a woman who practices automatic writing to support the claim that \"mental machinery\" shows us a different reality than our senses. An installment in this work describes events which are transient, passive, \"noetic,\" and \"ineffable\". Its first installment criticizes a \"medical materialism\" that would explain away George Fox by pointing to his colon disorder. This book, which includes \"The Divided Self,\" discusses the \"healthy-minded\" temperament as opposite to the twice-born \"sick soul.\" For 10 points, name this compilation of the 1901 to '02 Gifford lectures, in which topics such as mystic visions and conversion are discussed by William James.", "answer": "The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature", "page": "1", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bb9f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93422, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [104, 260], [261, 362], [363, 489], [490, 620], [620, 781]], "first_sentence": "This work claims that a philosopher must \"fire his volley of new vocables out of his conceptual shotgun.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This composer borrowed a theme from his \"Homage March\" scored for four cellos in the Andante second movement of his Cello Sonata in A Minor. He worked his own name into the opening motif of a piano sonata in E minor, the only one he composed. His shorter piano pieces include ones given programmatic titles like \"She Dances,\" \"Gratitude,\" and \"Homesickness.\" This composer wrote a five-movement work \"in the olden style\" concluding with a rigaudon. \"The Abduction of the Bride\" and \"Arabian Dance\" open the second four-movement suite he derived from music he wrote for an 1867 satirical verse drama. For 10 points, name this composer of the Holberg Suite who included \"Morning Mood\" and \"In the Hall of the Mountain King\" in his incidental music for Peer Gynt.", "answer": "Edvard Grieg", "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bba0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93423, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 242], [243, 357], [357, 450], [450, 599], [600, 760]], "first_sentence": "This composer borrowed a theme from his \"Homage March\" scored for four cellos in the Andante second movement of his Cello Sonata in A Minor.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "While a mayor, this man replied to posters quoting \"All men are created equal\" by reciting the whole Gettysburg Address in English to student protesters. On a tour of his country's south, this leader formed an ideology based on \"productive forces,\" \"advanced culture,\" and the interest of the majority, the Three Represents. The \"Shanghai clique\" got power via connections to this man, who retained his predecessor's Premier, Li Peng. This key person in the Third Generation of CCP leaders came to power after Zhao Ziyang was purged as General Secretary. He began construction on the Three Gorges Dam, started the Falun Gong crackdown, and oversaw the transfers of Macau and Hong Kong. For 10 points, name this man who succeeded Deng Xiaoping to lead China during the 1990s.", "answer": "Jiang Zemin", "page": "Jiang_Zemin", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bba1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93424, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 153], [154, 324], [325, 434], [435, 554], [555, 685], [686, 774]], "first_sentence": "While a mayor, this man replied to posters quoting \"All men are created equal\" by reciting the whole Gettysburg", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This architect incorporated elements of Kanak hut architecture in his design for a convention center located in Noumea, New Caledonia. He converted a gigantic automobile manufacturing plant into a convention center and trade fair district. He used ferroconcrete leaves to serve as both a heat source and protection against UV light in the roof of a museum which houses his Cy Twombly Pavilion. This architect of the Menil Collection designed an airport terminal on an artificial island in Japan and a glass-covered pyramidal skyscraper that eclipses everything else in London. With an American, he designed a color-coded building complex named for a former President of France. For 10 points, name this architect of the Kansai International Terminal, The Shard, and the Centre Pompidou.", "answer": "Renzo Piano", "page": "Renzo_Piano", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bba2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93425, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 239], [240, 393], [394, 576], [577, 677], [678, 786]], "first_sentence": "This architect incorporated elements of Kanak hut architecture in his design for a convention center located in Noumea, New Caledonia.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the Nivasch probabilistic algorithm for cycle detection, pairs of function output and iteration number are stored in strictly increasing sequences in these data structures. x87 floating point architectures organize registers into a type of these structures that allow for individual access to its constituents. An algorithm that stores intermediate vertices in this data structure is used for topological sorting and for finding connected components; that algorithm is the depth-first search. The \"call\" one of these structures stores information about the return addresses to which each subroutine in a computer program should return control once it finishes executing. Infinite recursion of these entities may lead to their \"overflow.\" Push and pop are operations on, for 10 points, what last-in first-out data structures?", "answer": "stacks", "page": "Stack_(abstract_data_type)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bba3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93426, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 313], [314, 495], [496, 673], [674, 739], [739, 827]], "first_sentence": "In the Nivasch probabilistic algorithm for cycle detection, pairs of function output and iteration number are stored in strictly increasing sequences in these data structures.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, a woman breaks off relations with her valet after he catches her covering her smallpox-disfigured face with powder. Its last chapter includes a chart assessing, on a scale from -10 to 10, the goodness, piety, and usefulness of several people. A man in this novel dies of an infection after cutting his knee on a piece of metal, which leads him to deliriously confess his love for the actress La Perichole. This novel's protagonist condenses his investigation of the main event into a book that is deemed heretical and burned along with him in a town square. In this novel, Brother Juniper watches as Jaime, Uncle Pio, Esteban, Pepita, and the Marquesa de Montemayor fall to their deaths. For 10 points, name this novel in which a rickety Peruvian structure collapses, by Thornton Wilder.", "answer": "The Bridge of San Luis Rey", "page": "The_Bridge_of_San_Luis_Rey", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bba4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93427, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 257], [258, 420], [421, 572], [573, 702], [703, 802]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, a woman breaks off relations with her valet after he catches her covering her smallpox-disfigured face with powder.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the debate about the origins of this event, Timothy Mason introduced a dichotomy between functionalism and intentionalism. Peter Novick's book about responses to it in American life coined the phrase \"victimization Olympics.\" Raul Hilberg wrote a seminal book on this event, which is lumped in with events further east in Timothy Snyder's 2011 book Bloodlands and the \"red equals brown\" theory currently popular in Lithuania. A book on the Industry of people exploiting this event factored into the 2007 denial of tenure to Norman Finkelstein. Historian David Cornwell criticized Pope Pius XII for letting this event happen. People like Ernst Z\u00c3\u00bcndel and David Duke have denied the historicity of, for 10 points, what genocide for which Treblinka and Auschwitz were built?", "answer": "the Holocaust [or haShoah; prompt on more general answers referring to Nazi German atrocities against Jews or other minority peoples]", "page": "The_Holocaust", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bba5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93428, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 228], [229, 428], [429, 546], [547, 627], [628, 775]], "first_sentence": "In the debate about the origins of this event, Timothy Mason introduced a dichotomy between functionalism and intentionalism.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This composition unusually contains both a three-voice movement in two-stave keyboard notation and a six-voice movement written out in open score. This composition includes a canon with the inscription \"Quaerendo invenietis\" and five \"Canones Diversi\" followed by a \"Fuga Canonica in Epidiapente.\" It concludes with a four-movement \"Sonata sopr'il Soggetto Reale\" for transverse flute, violin, and basso continuo. This composition resulted from a visit to Potsdam, where its composer was asked to improvise a three-voice fugue on a given theme, dubbed the \"Thema Regium.\" For 10 points, name this collection of pieces by Johann Sebastian Bach based on a theme composed by Frederick the Great.", "answer": "The Musical Offering [or Das Musikalische Opfer]", "page": "The_Musical_Offering", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414841ea23cc9417e9bba6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93429, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 297], [298, 413], [414, 570], [570, 692]], "first_sentence": "This composition unusually contains both a three-voice movement in two-stave keyboard notation and a six-voice movement written out in open score.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This book's 29th chapter discusses \"moods\" which come \"neither from outside nor from inside\" those they affect. This book notes that individuals' \"answerability\" is weakened by the \"idle talk\" of a generic crowd called \"the They.\" This book, which opens with a vexed quote in Greek from Plato's Sophist, denotes the inherent tendency to have \"care\" for outside things as Sorge [ZOHR-guh]. This book claims that we see objects in terms of their use to us, such as a hammer which we see as \"ready-to-hand.\" Scholars often ask if this book's ideas such as \"thrownness,\" \"existentiell Angst,\" and \"authentic Being-towards-death,\" led its author into far-right politics. For 10 points, name this 1927 book which calls finite individual existence Dasein, the magnum opus of noted Nazi Martin Heidegger.", "answer": "Being and Time [or Sein und Zeit]", "page": "Being_and_Time", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bba8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93431, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 229], [229, 230], [231, 388], [389, 504], [505, 665], [666, 796]], "first_sentence": "This book's 29th chapter discusses \"moods\" which come \"neither from outside nor from inside\" those they affect.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A Damien Hirst sculpture with this name consists of a unicorn encased in formaldehyde. A crowd of marble-like warriors from the tale of Fingal appear in the air above a mythological bard leaning on his harp in a Jean-Dominique Ingres artwork titled for one of these events involving Ossian. A sculpture of Jupiter's head sits beside two pineapples and bunches of bananas in Giorgio de Chirico's depiction of a \"transformed\" one of these. Another of these events names a painting in which Gala lies naked on a slab of rock next to a piece of fruit that casts a heart-shaped shadow, as an orange fish, two tigers, and a bayonet fly through the air, and a bee flies around a pomegranate. For 10 points, name these mental events which inspired much of Salvador Dal\u00c3\u00ad's surrealist work.", "answer": "dreams [or r\u00c3\u00aave]", "page": "Dream", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bba9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93432, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 290], [291, 437], [438, 684], [685, 781]], "first_sentence": "A Damien Hirst sculpture with this name consists of a unicorn encased in formaldehyde.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a dream in this work, a character lying at the bottom of a tree unsuccessfully attempts to climb to the lowest branch or steal the golden eggs at the top. That character tells a story of sneaking inside a \"Turkish pavilion,\" which turned out to be an outhouse. In this play, the cook blames another character's erratic behavior on her period and concocts a substance intended to terminate Diana the dog's pregnancy. When Kristine leaves for church in this play, she tells the stable hands not to release any horses. Plans to open a hotel on the shores of Lake Como are repeatedly discussed by the protagonist until a bird is decapitated by the valet, Jean. For 10 points, name this Swedish play which ends with the title daughter of the Count planning her suicide via razor, by August Strindberg.", "answer": "Miss Julie [or Froken Julie]", "page": "Miss_Julie", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bbaa", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93433, "tokenizations": [[0, 157], [158, 263], [264, 418], [419, 518], [519, 659], [660, 799]], "first_sentence": "In a dream in this work, a character lying at the bottom of a tree unsuccessfully attempts to climb to the lowest branch or steal the golden eggs at the top.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a common biological protocol, lipids are subjected to the high-performance version of this technique and are subsequently transferred onto a PVDF membrane; that is the Far-Eastern blot. In the reversed phase version of this technique, one of its phases can be modified by the addition of octadecyldimethyl groups. Virtually all amines and carbamates can be detected by the use of ninhydrin in this technique. Iodine and UV light are commonly used for imaging the results of this technique. Dividing the solute propagation by the solvent front propagation gives the retardation factor in this analytical method. Like a similar technique with paper, the stationary phase in this technique is generally silica on a glass or plastic plate. For 10 points, name this simple type of chromatography.", "answer": "thin-layer chromatography [or TLC; prompt on \"chromatography\" before mention]", "page": "Thin-layer_chromatography", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bbab", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93434, "tokenizations": [[0, 188], [189, 316], [317, 411], [412, 492], [493, 613], [614, 738], [739, 794]], "first_sentence": "In a common biological protocol, lipids are subjected to the high-performance version of this technique and are subsequently transferred onto a PVDF membrane; that is the Far-Eastern blot.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A critique of this theory likens its post-hoc nature to a dog being led by its \"rational tail\"; that critique, which proposes the competing Social Intuitionist Model, is by Jonathan Haidt. James Rest used this theory to develop the Defining Issues Test. This theory's basis in an all-male sample was criticized in In a Different Voice by Carol Gilligan. The survey which inspired it used a scenario in which a boy has saved money to go to camp, as well as the Heinz Dilemma, which asks if a man should steal a cancer drug for his wife. This theory, which defines three levels culminating in post-conventional, describes the transition from self-interest to social order to universal principles. For 10 points, name this theory inspired by Piaget, which describes six successive stages of ethical reasoning.", "answer": "Lawrence Kohlberg's six-stage theory of moral development [accept either underlined part alone]", "page": "Lawrence_Kohlberg's_stages_of_moral_development", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bbac", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93435, "tokenizations": [[0, 188], [189, 253], [254, 353], [354, 535], [536, 694], [695, 806]], "first_sentence": "A critique of this theory likens its post-hoc nature to a dog being led by its \"rational tail\"; that critique, which proposes the competing Social Intuitionist Model, is by Jonathan Haidt.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one literary work, this character gets a letter from Daniel and ventures into the forest to find him, only to frighten a child who mistakes him for a zombie from obeah. This character refuses to call his spouse by her real name and sleeps with Amelie during a honeymoon in Granbois. In another novel, he is first introduced falling off his horse and slipping on ice. This character also dresses up like a gypsy and tells fortunes to solicit the true feelings of the title character of that novel. This guardian of Adele Varens hires Grace Poole to take care of his insane wife, Bertha Mason, who he keeps locked in the attic of Thornfield Hall before she sets fire to it. For 10 points, name this character who appears in Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea and eventually marries Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre.", "answer": "Edward Fairfax Rochester [or Edward Rochester]", "page": "Jane_Eyre", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bbad", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93436, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 285], [286, 369], [370, 499], [500, 674], [675, 806]], "first_sentence": "In one literary work, this character gets a letter from Daniel and ventures into the forest to find him, only to frighten a child who mistakes him for a zombie from obeah.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After this event, a college president named Thomas R. Dew wrote an influential review of a legislative debate over how to react. The leader of this event claimed that the \"Serpent was loosened\" and he had to fight against it. Lerone Bennett wrote that this event was the \"word made flesh\" of David Walker's Appeal, a pamphlet published two years prior. Benjamin Phipps found this event's instigator, who began it after a bluish-green tinge over the sun closely followed a solar eclipse, and tried to take a small town called Jerusalem. Thomas Gray wrote up Confessions of its fervently religious leader, who was captured in the Great Dismal Swamp and hanged. For 10 points, name this 1831 rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia, which led many states to tighten restrictions on slaves.", "answer": "Nat Turner's Rebellion [accept Southampton Insurrection before \"Southampton\" is read]", "page": "Nat_Turner's_slave_rebellion", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bbae", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93437, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 225], [226, 352], [353, 535], [536, 658], [659, 788]], "first_sentence": "After this event, a college president named Thomas R. Dew wrote an influential review of a legislative debate over how to react.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "To explain one variety of this phenomenon, Bertrand Halperin proposed the existence of quasiparticles that live only in two dimensional systems. This effect is accompanied by quasi-periodic intervals of zero resistivity and oscillating magnetic moment, two effects named for de Haas. Recent work on graphene has shown this effect at room temperatures, though it was discovered in 2D electron gases created in MOSFETs. It shows that resistance is quantized at units of h over e squared, a constant named for its discoverer Klaus von Klitzing. This effect occurs as the Fermi energy passes discrete Landau levels, and exists in both fractional and integer forms. For 10 points, name this quantum mechanical version of a classical effect in which voltage is produced by a current and magnetic field.", "answer": "quantum Hall effect [prompt on \"Hall effect\"]", "page": "Quantum_Hall_effect", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bbaf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93438, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 283], [284, 417], [418, 541], [542, 660], [661, 796]], "first_sentence": "To explain one variety of this phenomenon, Bertrand Halperin proposed the existence of quasiparticles that live only in two dimensional systems.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Early in this event, one of its leaders crossed the city, wearing a handkerchief to feign a toothache and acting drunk to avoid inspections. Two days before this event, Jaan Anvelt led a similar one in Talinn. The main action of this event saw a nearly bloodless assault on a building held by junker cadets and a Women's Battalion, and was signaled by a blank shot fired from the cruiser Aurora. Recorded in Ten Days That Shook the World, this event was motivated in part by a general's attempted coup in the Kornilov Affair and resulted in a precursor to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The participants in this event used the slogan \"Peace, Land, Bread,\" and toppled the provisional government of Alexander Kerensky. For 10 points, name this Russian coup led by Trotsky and Lenin late in 1917.", "answer": "October Revolution [or Bolshevik Revolution; or Red October; prompt on \"Russian Revolution\"]", "page": "October_Revolution", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bbb0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93439, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 209], [210, 395], [396, 416], [417, 584], [585, 715], [716, 792]], "first_sentence": "Early in this event, one of its leaders crossed the city, wearing a handkerchief to feign a toothache and acting drunk to avoid inspections.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A linear-time simplification of an algorithm of this type was developed by Emo Welzl for finding the smallest enclosing circle for a set of points on a two-dimensional plane. Although the set-cover problem is NP-complete, by defining indicator variables for each set one can obtain a fast 2-approximation algorithm that utilizes a technique of this type. Leonid Khachiyan was the first to show that this method admits a polynomial-time algorithm by the application of the ellipsoid method. A commonly-used algorithm in this class of methods constructs a polytope of solutions and walks along strictly-decreasing edges until it obtains a solution; that is Dantzig's simplex algorithm. For 10 points, name these techniques which optimize objective functions of the namesame form.", "answer": "linear programming [or LP; or linear optimization; prompt on \"optimization\"]", "page": "Linear_programming", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bbb1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93440, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 354], [355, 489], [490, 683], [684, 777]], "first_sentence": "A linear-time simplification of an algorithm of this type was developed by Emo Welzl for finding the smallest enclosing circle for a set of points on a two-dimensional plane.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A speech given in this location stated that one of the maxims of a learned lawyer is \"the King can do no wrong.\" That speech was given before Judge Bradshaw and attempted to prevent a death warrant with 59 wax seals. John Bellingham's most notable action took place in this location. Lord Grey of Groby helped prevent enemies of the Grandees from entering this place by standing on the steps of its St. Stephen's Chapel alongside Colonel Thomas Pride. Spencer Perceval died while working in this complex, which suffered a massive fire in 1834. A letter sent to Lord Monteagle helped foil a conspiracy led by Robert Catesby to destroy this building complex with explosives on the fifth of November. For 10 points, name this target of the Gunpowder Plot and home to the British legislature.", "answer": "Houses of Parliament [or Palace of Westminster; accept Westminster Hall before \"most notable\"; prompt on \"Westminster\" before \"building\" is read]", "page": "Palace_of_Westminster", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bbb2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93441, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 216], [217, 283], [284, 451], [452, 543], [544, 697], [698, 788]], "first_sentence": "A speech given in this location stated that one of the maxims of a learned lawyer is \"the King can do no wrong.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A structure possessed by these animals consists of an os calcaris and a cornu calcaris. In some of these animals, defensin-like proteins are produced in the crural glands, which are largest during the mating period and produce a potent venom. In the epididymises of some of these non-insect animals, their sperm agglomerate into cooperative bundles containing around a hundred sperm to increase swimming speed. The evolutionary divergence of these animals is the subject of the \"Theria hypothesis.\" These animals possess extratarsal spurs, and they are the only land mammals that exhibit electroreception. For 10 points, name this order of egg-laying mammals that includes echidnas and duck-billed platypuses.", "answer": "monotremes [or Monotremata; accept platypuses until \"order\" is read; accept echidnas until \"order\" is read; accept spiny anteaters until \"order\" is read]", "page": "Monotreme", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414842ea23cc9417e9bbb3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93442, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 242], [243, 410], [411, 497], [497, 605], [606, 709]], "first_sentence": "A structure possessed by these animals consists of an os calcaris and a cornu calcaris.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The speaker of a poem by this man describes a rose that \"grows and smells\" \"not of itself\" but of his lover, whose kiss he considers a fine substitute for wine. Another poem by this man mourns a child \"lent to [him]\" for \"seven years\" whom he regards as \"his best piece of poetry,\" and is entitled \"On My First Son.\" At the end of one of this author's plays, a villainous servant is forced to become a galley slave, and the forced retirement of an old gentleman results in property inheritance for Bonario, the son of Corbaccio. This author of \"Song to Celia\" and creator of Mosca also wrote a play in Epicure Mammon is convinced that Jeremy and Subtle have the philosopher's stone. For 10 points, name this British poet and playwright of Volpone and The Alchemist.", "answer": "Ben Jonson", "page": "Ben_Jonson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbb4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93443, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 316], [317, 528], [529, 682], [683, 765]], "first_sentence": "The speaker of a poem by this man describes a rose that \"grows and smells\" \"not of itself\" but of his lover, whose kiss he considers a fine substitute for wine.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a shot from this film, the protagonist crawls pleading across a leopard print blanket towards the viewer, from whose position a light shines on his face. A woman in this film has a collection of potatoes wearing costumes displayed on her shelf, and she places an open book on top of her head in another scene after it begins to rain indoors, causing her boyfriend to hide under a table like a child. In an iconic shot from this film, the protagonists lay in a red-and-blue upholstered bed in the middle of a snow-covered beach with the ocean in the background. This film opens with an impulsive trip to Montauk on Valentine's Day. For 10 points, name this collaboration between Charlie Kaufmann and Michel Gondry, starring Kate Winslet and Jim Carrey as a couple who have their memories of each other erased.", "answer": "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind", "page": "Eternal_Sunshine_of_the_Spotless_Mind", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbb5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93444, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 402], [403, 563], [564, 633], [634, 811]], "first_sentence": "In a shot from this film, the protagonist crawls pleading across a leopard print blanket towards the viewer, from whose position a light shines on his face.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This text discusses a benevolent personage who treats people as \"dogs of grass,\" sometimes translated \"straw dogs,\" ought to be treated. This text's eleventh section notes that a thirty-spoke wheel is only useful because there's a space in the middle for the axle. This text compares the space between heaven and earth to a bellows and lauds a life-giving \"Great Mother\" or \"Mysterious Female.\" It notes in its second sentence that \"The name that can be named is not the eternal Name.\" The author of this 81-section text claimed that the journey of a thousand li, a mile-like unit, begins with a single step. For 10 points, name this text which espouses actionless wu wei, a book ascribed to Laozi which discourses on the namesake ineffable \"Way\" of a Chinese religion.", "answer": "Dao De Jing [or Tao Te Ching; accept The Laozi or The Lao Tsu until \"Laozi\" is read]", "page": "Tao_Te_Ching", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbb6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93445, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 264], [265, 393], [393, 485], [486, 608], [609, 769]], "first_sentence": "This text discusses a benevolent personage who treats people as \"dogs of grass,\" sometimes translated \"straw dogs,\" ought to be treated.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This civilization's lower classes, the naboria, fished and cultivated small raised gardens called conucos. These people's settlements were built around a central batey plaza in circular houses with pointed roofs. Under rebel leaders such as Hatuey, they resisted a system which forced them to dig for gold. A letter addressed to two monarchs said that \"as few as fifty men\" could subjugate these people. Howard Zinn vows to write from this ethnic group's perspective in the first chapter of A People's History of the United States, which calls them \"naked, tawny, and full of wonder.\" Chiefs called caciques ruled these people, from whose language we get the names Jamaica and Haiti. For 10 points, name these indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, the first to meet Christopher Columbus.", "answer": "Ta\u00c3\u00adnos [or Arawaks; prompt on answers such as \"indigenous Hispaniolans\" or \"indigenous Cubans;\" prompt on \"indigenous Jamaicans\" before \"Jamaica\" is read; do not accept \"Carib\"]", "page": "Arawak", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbb7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93446, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 212], [213, 306], [307, 403], [404, 583], [583, 683], [684, 786]], "first_sentence": "This civilization's lower classes, the naboria, fished and cultivated small raised gardens called conucos.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This god breaks the wings of some eagles at the behest of Danel, who prays to this god for seven days to allow the birth of Aqhat. This god originally didn't want windows in his palace, which was built by Kothar-wa-Hasis. The messengers Gapn and Ugar serve this god, whose sister sacrifices six sets of seventy animals to him after his death. This god fathers a child on a heifer, and a drought is caused by his death, which occurs at the hands of the death god Mot and is avenged by his sister Anat. This god, whose namesake myth cycle is inscribed on six clay tablets in the Ugaritic language, uses two clubs to kill the sea god Yamm. For 10 points, name this Caananite storm and fertility god whose name means \"master\" in Semitic languages, and whose priests are humiliated by Elijah in the Bible.", "answer": "Baal [or Hadad]", "page": "Baal", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbb8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93447, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 221], [222, 342], [343, 500], [501, 636], [637, 800]], "first_sentence": "This god breaks the wings of some eagles at the behest of Danel, who prays to this god for seven days to allow the birth of Aqhat.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This group was targeted by militias in Operation Flush. This group is seen as an ideological successor to Maitatsine, and it gave rise to the splinter group Ansaru. This group's founder was extrajudicially executed after unrest sparked by a motorbike helmet law. Mainly composed of the Kanuri ethnic group, it was founded by Mohammed Yusuf. In 2011 it carried out a suicide bombing on a UN building. This group is now nominally led by Abubakar Shekau. A state of emergency was declared in Adamawa, Yobe, and Borno to combat this group, whose name means \"Western education is forbidden.\" This group opposes President Goodluck Jonathan, and kidnapped 276 schoolgirls in April 2014. For 10 points, name this Nigerian Islamist terrorist group.", "answer": "Boko Haram [or Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'Awati Wal-Jihad]", "page": "Boko_Haram", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbb9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93448, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 262], [263, 340], [341, 399], [400, 451], [452, 585], [585, 679], [680, 739]], "first_sentence": "This group was targeted by militias in Operation Flush. This group is seen as an ideological successor to Maitatsine, and it gave rise to the splinter group Ansaru.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author made \"Eureka\" the last word uttered by a character who works with Lemulquinier to discover the philosopher's stone but neglects his wife Josephine in the process. This creator of Balthasar Claes wrote about a criminal who is exposed after an old woman drugs his coffee, revealing him to be the famous \"Trompe-la-Mort.\" This author of The Quest for the Absolute created a woman who gives her dowry to her cousin Charles so he can go to the Indies, as well as a man who discovers a talisman that shrinks each time it grants him a wish. This author also wrote about Delphine and Anastasie, the ungrateful daughters of a retired pasta maker befriended by Eugene de Rastignac. For 10 points, name this French author of Eugenie Grandet, The Wild Ass' Skin, and Le Pere Goriot.", "answer": "Honor\u00c3\u00a9 de Balzac", "page": "Honor\u00e9_de_Balzac", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbba", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93449, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 330], [331, 430], [431, 545], [546, 683], [684, 782]], "first_sentence": "This author made \"Eureka\" the last word uttered by a character who works with Lemulquinier to discover the philosopher's stone but neglects his wife Josephine in the process.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character is distracted by the sale of a belt buckle and later rejects a marriage offer from a chaplain. One son of this character works as an army paymaster and is captured on his way to hide a cash box, and another child of this character is executed for murdering peasants. In scenes that Margarethe Steffin may have co-written, this character hears Yvette singing \"The Fraternization Song\" before her mute daughter beats a drum to warn the town of Halle of an approaching enemy. In the first scene of her namesake play, this character foretells the fate of that daughter, Kattrin, as well as the deaths of Eilif and Swiss Cheese. For 10 points, name this matriarch who hauls a bread cart during the Thirty Years War in Bertolt Brecht's play about her and Her Children.", "answer": "Mother Courage [or Canteen Anna Fierling; or Anna Fierling]", "page": "Mother_Courage", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbbb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93450, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 281], [282, 487], [488, 638], [639, 777]], "first_sentence": "This character is distracted by the sale of a belt buckle and later rejects a marriage offer from a chaplain.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An underground aqueduct was built for a city in this region by the engineer Eupalinos. An architect from this area invented the grid plan for city layouts, which was later adapted by many Roman cities. This home region of Hippodamus, which was originally settled by Luwians, lost its autonomy after the Peace of Antalcidas. Rulers from this region included Polycrates, and its namesake league gathered regularly for a festival on Mt. Mycale. The fleet of a military coalition here lost the Battle of Lade, which took place during a rebellion led by Aristagoras of Miletus. That rebellion against Darius the Great also involved this region's Aegean islands of Chios, Samos, and Naxos. For 10 points, name this coastal region of Anatolia whose Hellenic cities rose up against Persia in a 499 BC revolt.", "answer": "Ionia [or Ionian League; accept Ionian Revolt; prompt on \"Anatolia\" or \"Asia Minor\"; generously prompt on \"Aegean Sea\" until \"Luwians\" is read]", "page": "Ionia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbbc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93451, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 201], [202, 323], [324, 441], [442, 572], [573, 683], [684, 800]], "first_sentence": "An underground aqueduct was built for a city in this region by the engineer Eupalinos.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In his most famous book, this philosopher wrote that the \"primary ineluctable facts of birth and death\" hang on every social group which seeks to reproduce itself. This man's ideas and Frederick Taylor's scientific management inspired the \"platoons\" of the Gary Plan. This man disputed Descartes' claim that all experience is subjective, positing instead that the experiencing mind is part of nature. This man led an academic committee which sought to exonerate Leon Trotsky in the 30s, and called his philosophy \"instrumentalism.\" He updated Plato's theories on childhood and Rousseau's Emile while founding the Laboratory School of Chicago, where he stressed socialization and learning by doing. For 10 points, name this American liberal philosopher who wrote Democracy and Education.", "answer": "John Dewey", "page": "John_Dewey", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbbd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93452, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 267], [268, 400], [401, 531], [532, 697], [698, 786]], "first_sentence": "In his most famous book, this philosopher wrote that the \"primary ineluctable facts of birth and death\" hang on every social group which seeks to reproduce itself.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This ion is bonded to mevalonate in a late step of the mevalonate pathway, after which that molecule is converted into one consisting of this ion bonded to an isopentenyl group. This ion is covalently bonded to a thiazole, which is bonded to a pyrimidine, in a molecule required as a cofactor for 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. This ion is released when DNA polymerase adds a nucleotide to a growing chain. This ion is bonded to thiamine in the most common derivative of vitamin B1. This ion with a 4-minus charge is produced when ATP is hydrolyzed to AMP. For 10 points, name this anion formed from the condensation of two phosphates.", "answer": "pyrophosphate [or P2O74-; or HP2O73-; or PPi; or diphosphate; or dipolyphosphate; or pyrophosphoric acid; or diphosphoric acid; or dipolyphosphoric acid; accept phosphate before \"isopentenyl\" is read]", "page": "Pyrophosphate", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbbe", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93453, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 369], [370, 448], [449, 524], [525, 598], [599, 677]], "first_sentence": "This ion is bonded to mevalonate in a late step of the mevalonate pathway, after which that molecule is converted into one consisting of this ion bonded to an isopentenyl group.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A poem about this character says of him, \"easy as the narrow snake he forked his way along,\" and concludes, \"Than sea and continent there is a larger: it is woe.\" He is compared favorably with a character who \"supplants the balm\" from a \"consummate cluster\" in another poem. The speaker observes, \"Now, when I read, I read not,\" in a poem claiming this character \"sets a thing significant.\" The speaker recalls, \"He knew no haste and I had put away my labor and my leisure too\" in another poem about him, in which \"we passed the school, where children strove at recess in the ring.\" That poem about this character concludes with the image of horses' heads pointed toward eternity as they pull a carriage. For 10 points, name this personification for whom Emily Dickinson \"could not stop.\"", "answer": "Death [or Mortality; or the Frost of Death]", "page": "Death", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbbf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93454, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 274], [275, 390], [391, 582], [583, 704], [705, 788]], "first_sentence": "A poem about this character says of him, \"easy as the narrow snake he forked his way along,\" and concludes, \"Than sea and continent there is a larger: it is woe.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A historian of this surname chaired the board of President Bill Clinton's Initiative on Race after spending decades updating his pioneering black history survey, titled From Slavery to Freedom. Another author of this surname adapted a fictional speech by Father Abraham into his The Way to Wealth several years after founding the Leather Apron club, also called the Junto. That man of this surname, who wrote public letters under the persona of the middle-aged woman Silence Dogood, secured a 1777 allegiance with France after news of the victory at Saratoga came to him. For 10 points, give this surname of black historian John Hope as well as the author of the Albany Plan of Union and Poor Richard's Almanack, a Pennsylvanian Founding Father who studied electric charge.", "answer": "Franklin [or John Hope Franklin; or Benjamin Franklin]", "page": "John_Hope_Franklin", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbc0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93455, "tokenizations": [[0, 193], [194, 372], [373, 571], [572, 773]], "first_sentence": "A historian of this surname chaired the board of President Bill Clinton's Initiative on Race after spending decades updating his pioneering black history survey, titled From Slavery to Freedom.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one of these poems by this author, the speaker tells three ghostly figures \"in placid sandals, and in white robes\" on the third time they pass by that they \"cannot raise / [his] head cool-bedded in the flowery grass.\" Those three figures in that poem of this type are Love, Ambition, and Poesy. In another of these poems by this author, the speaker wishes to \"leave the world unseen,\" realizes that \"Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,\" and wonders if the title creature's music was \"a vision, or a waking dream.\" In another of these poems by this man, the speaker observes an \"Attic shape\" depicting a procession and opines that \"beauty is truth, truth beauty.\" For 10 points, name these poems written by a British Romantic about such subjects as indolence, a nightingale, and a Grecian urn.", "answer": "odes by John Keats [prompt on \"odes\"]", "page": "John_Keats's_1819_odes", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbc1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93456, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 219], [219, 297], [298, 517], [517, 518], [519, 667], [668, 797]], "first_sentence": "In one of these poems by this author, the speaker tells three ghostly figures \"in placid sandals, and in white robes\" on the third time they pass by that they \"cannot raise /", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man known primarily for this profession, other than painting, painted a yellow-faced alcoholic with a bottle in his glove, influenced by his alcoholism and Hans Fallada's The Drinker. In an inverted-triangle painting, Giacomo Balla depicted the moving hand of a member of this career. The poet-painter Billy Childish also had a career as one. Death, as a skeleton, fills in for this profession in a self-portrait by Arnold B\u00c3\u00b6cklin. Another one of these people floats above some houses while wearing a purple coat in a painting by Marc Chagall, who depicted both \"blue\" and \"green\" types of them. A 1921 painting showing three members of this profession dressed as a friar, Pierrot, and Harlequin was done by Pablo Picasso. For 10 points, name this profession that includes guitarists and violinists.", "answer": "musicians [or singers; or guitarists; or violinists; or fiddlers; accept poets before \"hand,\" if someone tries to argue that Billy Childish is primarily a poet; prompt on \"artists\"]", "page": "Musician", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbc2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93457, "tokenizations": [[0, 185], [186, 286], [287, 344], [345, 434], [435, 598], [599, 725], [726, 802]], "first_sentence": "A man known primarily for this profession, other than painting, painted a yellow-faced alcoholic with a bottle in his glove, influenced by his alcoholism and Hans Fallada's The Drinker.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Prior to Stan Getz's adoption of the song, this musician played Antonio Carlos Jobim's \"Desafinado\" in a \"musical safari\" program at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1961. One of this man's compositions was first recorded under the title \"Interlude\" by Sarah Vaughan, and he claimed that it was only in exchange for transcribing some of his solos that co-credit for that song was given to Frank Paparelli. He borrowed the chord structure from Paul Whiteman's \"Whispering\" for a track that has been used to title over a dozen of his compilation albums, \"Groovin' High.\" In the Earl Hines band, he developed bebop with Charlie Parker. For 10 points, name this jazz musician behind \"Salt Peanuts\" and \"A Night in Tunisia\" who played with puffed cheeks and a characteristic bent trumpet.", "answer": "\"Dizzy\" Gillespie [or John Birks Gillespie]", "page": "Dizzy_Gillespie", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbc3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93458, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 402], [403, 565], [566, 629], [630, 780]], "first_sentence": "Prior to Stan Getz's adoption of the song, this musician played Antonio Carlos Jobim's \"Desafinado\" in a \"musical safari\" program at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1961.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the oxymercuration-demercuration reaction, this phenomenon accelerates the reaction by stabilizing the mercurinium intermediate which is reduced in subsequent steps. This phenomenon is the most widely-accepted explanation for a higher-than-expected prevalence of the alpha epimeric form of glucose in solution which exemplifies the anomeric effect. The \"negative\" type of this effect causes an elongation of the C-F bond in the beta-fluoroethyl anion. This interaction is the reason why the addition of alkyl substituents to carbocations [carbo-\"cat\" \"ions\"] is accompanied by an increase in stability. For 10 points, name this effect which usually involves the delocalization of bonding carbon-hydrogen sigma-electrons to neighboring nonbonding p-orbitals.", "answer": "hyperconjugation", "page": "Hyperconjugation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbc4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93459, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 351], [352, 454], [455, 605], [606, 760]], "first_sentence": "In the oxymercuration-demercuration reaction, this phenomenon accelerates the reaction by stabilizing the mercurinium intermediate which is reduced in subsequent steps.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An initially low value for this quantity can cause a J-curve effect when a currency depreciates. Balance of trade improves with currency depreciation if the sum of this value for imports and exports is greater than one, according to the Marshall-Lerner condition. According to Ramsey's formula, an excise tax should be inversely proportional to this quantity in order to reduce deadweight loss. Its reciprocal is equal to the Lerner Index, which measures market power for monopolies. Marginal revenue is equal to \"price times one plus the reciprocal of this quantity\". This quantity is only positive for Veblen and Giffen goods, and when it equals zero, buyers will pay any amount for a good. For 10 points, name this quantity which measures change in demand with respect to change in price.", "answer": "price elasticity of demand [or PED; prompt on \"elasticity\"]", "page": "Price_elasticity_of_demand", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbc5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93460, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 263], [264, 394], [395, 483], [484, 568], [569, 692], [693, 791]], "first_sentence": "An initially low value for this quantity can cause a J-curve effect when a currency depreciates.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Medieval stories from this faith were collected in The Forest of Thieves and the Magic Garden by Yale scholar Phyllis Granoff. According to this non-Abrahamic faith, the distant past included \"wishing trees,\" which fulfilled needs when asked. Adherents of this faith believe that as a person behaves badly, particles accumulate on their soul, unless they become a kevalin. A minority sect of this religion believes that a great famine broke the transmission of all authentic Agama scriptures, and that Mallinath was a man, like all twenty-three of the other figures it reveres as \"ford-builders,\" or tirthankaras. For 10 points, name this faith divided into Svetambara and Digambara sects, a monastic Indian religion founded by Mahavira whose five vows include ahimsa, or non-violence.", "answer": "Jainism [or Jain Dharma; accept Svetambara Jainism until \"minority\" is read; accept Digambara Jainism until \"divided\" is read]", "page": "Jainism", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbc6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93461, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 242], [243, 372], [373, 613], [614, 785]], "first_sentence": "Medieval stories from this faith were collected in The Forest of Thieves and the Magic Garden by Yale scholar Phyllis Granoff.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one play by this author, Risa purposely scars her legs to deflect attention from men, and Memphis Lee tries to negotiate a fair price for a restaurant that is about to be demolished. In another play by this man, a series of mysterious deaths are blamed on the \"Ghosts of the Yellow Dog,\" and a more visible ghost wrestles with a man until they both hear music and the sound of a train whistle. A third play by this author of Two Trains Running ends with Gabriel sounding a trumpet to open the gates of Heaven for an adulterous ex-baseball player. That character, Troy Maxson, becomes the first black garbage truck driver in this author's common setting of the Hill district. For 10 points, name this playwright whose ten-play Pittsburgh Cycle includes The Piano Lesson and Fences.", "answer": "August Wilson", "page": "August_Wilson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbc7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93462, "tokenizations": [[0, 185], [186, 396], [397, 549], [550, 677], [678, 713], [714, 783]], "first_sentence": "In one play by this author, Risa purposely scars her legs to deflect attention from men, and Memphis Lee tries to negotiate a fair price for a restaurant that is about to be demolished.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Ernest Bloch's Suite Hebraique is for this solo instrument and orchestra, and Max Bruch wrote a double concerto for clarinet and this instrument. A rhapsody for this instrument and orchestra was written by Tibor Serly, who assembled the unfinished sketches of his teacher, Bela Bartok, into one of the most famous concertos for this instrument. Many compositions featuring it were commissioned by Lionel Tertis. Paul Hindemith's Der Schwanendreher is a concerto for this instrument. Another composition featuring it concludes with an \"Orgy of Brigands.\" The acquisition of one of these instruments led Paganini to request from Berlioz what became Harold in Italy. For 10 points, name this string instrument that plays in the alto clef, and whose size is between that of the cello and violin.", "answer": "viola", "page": "Viola", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414845ea23cc9417e9bbc9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93464, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 344], [345, 411], [412, 482], [483, 552], [552, 553], [554, 663], [664, 791]], "first_sentence": "Ernest Bloch's Suite Hebraique is for this solo instrument and orchestra, and Max Bruch wrote a double concerto for clarinet and this instrument.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Pius II wrote how one commander in this conflict ordered women to spread their veils on the ground so that they would catch the enemies' spurs. The banner of one faction in this war featured a red chalice over black, while another group in this war called themselves \"Orphans\" after their general's death. Polish troops in this war were led by the nephew of Jagiello, Sigismund Korybut. Raids called \"beautiful rides\" were conducted by Prokop the Great in this conflict, which ended at the Battle of Lipany where the Utraquists defeated the Taborites. At this war's Battle of Vitkov Hill, Jan Zizka used circles of wagons to defend Prague against Emperor Sigismund. For 10 points, name this conflict named for the followers of a Czech reformer who was executed at the Council of Constance.", "answer": "Hussite Wars [or anti-Hussite Crusades; prompt on \"Bohemian Wars\"]", "page": "Hussite_Wars", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbca", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93465, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 305], [306, 386], [387, 551], [552, 665], [666, 789]], "first_sentence": "Pius II wrote how one commander in this conflict ordered women to spread their veils on the ground so that they would catch the enemies' spurs.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The cycle rank, or loop complexity, of a directed graph is related to a quantity for these things according to a theorem devised by Eggan. These things can be converted to an NFA by constructing partial NFAs and putting them together with an epsilon transition, as is done by Thompson's construction algorithm. Like a namesake type of language, these things were developed and formalized by Stephen Kleene, who defined concatenation, union, and his namesake star for them. A backreference in these things can be created using parentheses. The asterisk quantifier is used to match the previous group or character zero or more times in Perl's system for them. For 10 points, identify these notations used for pattern matching that describe a set of strings, so-called \"expressions\".", "answer": "regular expressions [or regexp; or regular sets; or rational expressions; or regular languages; accept just regular after \"expressions\" is read; prompt on \"patterns\"]", "page": "Regular_expression", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbcb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93466, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 310], [311, 472], [473, 538], [539, 657], [658, 780]], "first_sentence": "The cycle rank, or loop complexity, of a directed graph is related to a quantity for these things according to a theorem devised by Eggan.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Some residents of this country celebrate the new year with a day of silence called Nyepi. Following a similar venture in Brazil, Norway offered this nation up to 1 billion dollars to reduce its rate of deforestation, which is the largest in the world despite a 2011 moratorium, and is largely caused by the massive expansion of this country's non-native palm oil industry. Raja Ampat is one of this country's marine biodiversity hotspots formed from extensive coral reefs, and it is home to the pilgrimage sites of Prambanan and Borobudur. This nation's region of Kalimantan is a natural habitat of the orangutan. Sulawesi is part of this nation, which is home to the world's largest Muslim population. For 10 points, name this archipelagic nation with capital at Jakarta on the island of Java.", "answer": "Indonesia", "page": "Indonesia", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbcc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93467, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 372], [373, 539], [540, 613], [614, 702], [703, 794]], "first_sentence": "Some residents of this country celebrate the new year with a day of silence called Nyepi.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Nico van Kampen showed that a linearized set of equations describing these substances exhibits a continuous spectrum of normal modes. These materials can be compressed by the \"Z\" or \"theta\" versions of the Bennett pinch, and when mobility in these substances is low, a characteristic distance measure is proportional to the square root of the electron temperature divided by the electron density. Stellarators provide alternatives to devices that use both toroidal and poloidal magnetic field lines in order to confine these substances into torus shapes. These substances, carry very fast oscillations called Langmuir waves, are used in tokamaks, and form atmospheric phenomena like St. Elmo's Fire. For 10 points, name these substances made of ions and electrons, the fourth phase of matter.", "answer": "plasmas", "page": "Plasma_(physics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbcd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93468, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 396], [397, 554], [555, 699], [700, 792]], "first_sentence": "Nico van Kampen showed that a linearized set of equations describing these substances exhibits a continuous spectrum of normal modes.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This empire's eighteen principal ministers included the sannidhatri treasurer and samahartri tax collector, who dealt in a silver coin called the pana. One ruler of this empire declared that \"All men are my children\" in a message decoded by James Prinsep. During this empire's tenure, the four Barabar caves were cut out of rock and were likely inhabited by the then-active Ajivika sect. After its last leader was assassinated near Taxila, the Shunga empire succeeded this one, which was visited by the Greek ethnographer Megasthenes. After conquering Kalinga, this empire's most powerful ruler issued the Rock Edicts and became a pacifist. For 10 points, name this ancient empire which defeated Seleucus Nicator, which was founded by Chandragupta and led by the Buddhist convert Ashoka.", "answer": "Mauryan empire [or Mauryan dynasty]", "page": "Maurya_Empire", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbce", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93469, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 255], [256, 387], [388, 534], [535, 640], [641, 787]], "first_sentence": "This empire's eighteen principal ministers included the sannidhatri treasurer and samahartri tax collector, who dealt in a silver coin called the pana.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a collection of stories by this man, an elderly Englishman destroys a Spanish magazine, drawing the ire of a Lebanese businessman, and the \"compound wife\" Linda and the homosexual administrator Bobby embark on a road trip across an African country. This author wrote a novel in which the schoolteacher Father Huisams is brutally murdered and the foreigner Yvette has an affair with Salim, who worries about a dictator called the Big Man. In another novel by this man, the title character develops permanent stomach problems after eating seven overripe bananas at one of his many jobs, none of which earn him enough money to keep his own dwelling. For 10 points, name this author of In A Free State, A Bend in the River, and A House for Mr. Biswas, a Trinidadian.", "answer": "Vidiadhar Surajprasad [V.S.] Naipaul", "page": "V._S._Naipaul", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbcf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93470, "tokenizations": [[0, 251], [252, 440], [441, 649], [650, 765]], "first_sentence": "In a collection of stories by this man, an elderly Englishman destroys a Spanish magazine, drawing the ire of a Lebanese businessman, and the \"compound wife\" Linda and the homosexual administrator Bobby embark on a road trip across an African country.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A print by Frederic Sandys parodies one of this man's paintings by showing him with two fellow artists on a donkey, in place of two children ferried across a ford by the golden-armored Sir Isumbras. In another of his works, two girls play with toy animals as their father holds a newspaper announcing the end of the Crimean War. This artist of Peace Concluded represented the Holy Spirit as a dove sitting on a ladder in the background of a canvas in which the central boy kisses his mother and holds up a bleeding hand in a carpenter's shop. This artist had Elizabeth Siddal lie in a cold bathtub in order to paint a girl singing while floating down the river before she drowns. For 10 points, name this Pre-Raphaelite painter of Christ in the House of His Parents and Ophelia.", "answer": "John Everett Millais", "page": "John_Everett_Millais", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbd0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93471, "tokenizations": [[0, 198], [199, 328], [329, 542], [543, 679], [680, 778]], "first_sentence": "A print by Frederic Sandys parodies one of this man's paintings by showing him with two fellow artists on a donkey, in place of two children ferried across a ford by the golden-armored Sir Isumbras.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A recently opened urban park in this city contains objects like a Thai boxing ring and a sign for Pennsylvania's Deangelis donuts. That park in this city is divided into a red square, a black market, and a green park, and is named Superkilen. After WWII, this city's metropolitan area was expanded via the \"Finger Plan,\" which spread its \"S-Train\" system and developed the Medicon Valley. This city is home to a rococo building called the \"Marble Church\" as well as the Tivoli Gardens and the historic district of Indre By. This city in the Oresund Region forms a metropolitan area with Malm\u00c3\u00b6. Located mainly on the island of Zealand, this city's harbor houses Edvard Eriksen's bronze statue of the Little Mermaid. For 10 points, name this capital of Denmark.", "answer": "Copenhagen [or Kobenhavn]", "page": "Copenhagen", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbd1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93472, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 242], [243, 388], [389, 523], [524, 594], [595, 715], [716, 760]], "first_sentence": "A recently opened urban park in this city contains objects like a Thai boxing ring and a sign for Pennsylvania's Deangelis donuts.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This play's protagonist ironically claims to hold a woman \"as dear / As Agamemnon did his Iphigen,\" and later promises to curse her to death \"like Cain by Adam.\" In this play, when a man is asked what brought him to the play's setting, he replies \"The wind that bloweth all the world besides, / Desire of gold.\" This play's protagonist tricks Mathias and Lodowick into killing each other. This play is introduced by a character who \"[counts] religion but a childish toy,\" Machiavel, and features Ferneze seizing property to pay off the Turkish prince Calymath. This play ends after a trapdoor drops the father of the repentant Abigail into a boiling cauldron. For 10 points, name this play about Barabas, a merchant on the title Mediterranean island, by Christopher Marlowe.", "answer": "The Jew of Malta", "page": "The_Jew_of_Malta", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbd2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93473, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 160], [160, 311], [312, 388], [389, 560], [561, 659], [660, 774]], "first_sentence": "This play's protagonist ironically claims to hold a woman \"as dear /", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 2005 book by John Soluri linked this good's Cultures to environmental damage. This is the first title good of a book on feminist geopolitics that Cynthia Enloe also named for beaches and military bases. Minor Keith and Samuel Zemurray got wealthy mainly from producing this good for a company which launched a non-federal Great White Fleet. In the 1950s, Panama disease wiped out much of this good, which has been sold using Carmen Miranda's image. Protesting producers of them were massacred in Ci\u00c3\u00a9naga, Colombia, by a company known as \"The Octopus.\" The dominant strain of this cultivar was raised by and named for Lord Cavendish. For 10 points, name this main product of United Fruit Company's Latin American holdings, which names a type of corrupt, unstable \"republic\".", "answer": "bananas [accept Banana Cultures; accept Bananas, Beaches, and Bases]", "page": "Banana", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbd3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93474, "tokenizations": [[0, 79], [80, 204], [205, 342], [343, 450], [451, 553], [553, 635], [636, 776]], "first_sentence": "A 2005 book by John Soluri linked this good's Cultures to environmental damage.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This ballet's final act sometimes includes an orchestration of the composer's piano piece \"Un poco di Chopin.\" This ballet's antagonist was reimagined as a \"Private Secretary\" in a modern adaptation featuring non-classical dancing in a scene set at the Swank Bar, and which was produced by Matthew Bourne. Performances of this ballet are usually based on Riccardo Drigo's revision of the score, which he prepared for an 1895 revival choreographed by Lev Ivanov and Marius Petipa. Since that revival of this ballet, the female protagonist and female antagonist have traditionally been danced by the same ballerina. At a ball in this ballet, the prince tragically pledges his love to the disguised daughter of the sorcerer Von Rothbart. For 10 points, name this Tchaikovsky ballet about Odette, who is transformed into the title bird.", "answer": "Swan Lake [or Lebedinoye ozero]", "page": "Swan_Lake", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbd4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93475, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [109, 305], [306, 479], [480, 613], [614, 734], [735, 832]], "first_sentence": "This ballet's final act sometimes includes an orchestration of the composer's piano piece \"Un poco di Chopin.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the three-component Biginelli reaction, ethyl acetoacetate reacts with aryl aldehydes and urea to form compounds of pharmaceutical interest containing two of this functional group. In another reaction, primary examples of these compounds are reacted with bromine and then with base to form isocyanates. Substituted derivatives of these compounds are first reacted with phosphorus oxychloride and then with an electron-rich arene to form iminium ions in the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. DMF is an example of one of these compounds. They can also be formed by the hydrolysis of nitriles, although they are more commonly formed by the reaction of amines with acyl chlorides. For 10 points, name these compounds which consist of a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen.", "answer": "amides [do not accept or prompt on \"amines\"]", "page": "Amide", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbd5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93476, "tokenizations": [[0, 183], [184, 305], [306, 485], [486, 530], [531, 671], [672, 763]], "first_sentence": "In the three-component Biginelli reaction, ethyl acetoacetate reacts with aryl aldehydes and urea to form compounds of pharmaceutical interest containing two of this functional group.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man oversaw the International Basic Economy Corporation, which built model farms in Venezuela to teach capitalism. This man sighed \"that's life\" on the phone to the President after refusing to fire Vincent Mancusi for his abusive behavior as a warden. This man secretly financed a critical biography of opponent Arthur Goldberg during a contested race. This man signed a namesake law mandating at least 15 years' jail time for selling over two ounces of narcotics in his state. He sent helicopters to drop tear gas and National Guardsmen on the ground to suppress the Attica prison revolt in 1971. For 10 points, identify this namesake of a type of liberal Northern Republican, VP under Gerald Ford, and governor of New York in the early 70s, whose grandfather was a Standard Oil magnate.", "answer": "Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller", "page": "Nelson_Rockefeller", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbd6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93477, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 256], [257, 357], [358, 482], [483, 602], [603, 793]], "first_sentence": "This man oversaw the International Basic Economy Corporation, which built model farms in Venezuela to teach capitalism.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A story by this author ends with the archaeologist Morand licking blood off a stone hatchet which he used to kill a colleague. A character created by this author annotates the Dylan Thomas poem \"The Mask\" and dies after declaring that he wants to give up jazz and move to Mexico. This author of \"The Idol of the Cyclades\" included the saxophonist Johnny in his story \"The Pursuer,\" and also created the photographer Roberto Michel, who unwittingly captures a crime on camera. 99 \"expendable chapters\" appear in a novel by this author, in which a search through Paris for La Maga is undertaken by Horacio Oliveira, and a \"Table of Instructions\" encourages reading in many non-linear orders. For 10 points, name this Argentine author of \"Blow Up\" and Hopscotch.", "answer": "Julio Cort\u00c3\u00a1zar", "page": "Julio_Cort\u00e1zar", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbd7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93478, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 279], [280, 475], [476, 689], [690, 759]], "first_sentence": "A story by this author ends with the archaeologist Morand licking blood off a stone hatchet which he used to kill a colleague.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The finale of Anton Bruckner's Fifth Symphony combines sonata form with this musical form, beginning when the strings pick up a theme introduced by a clarinet. \"Accende lumen sensibus\" introduces one of these marking the climax of the first part of Mahler's Eighth Symphony. Mozart combined all five of his previously used themes into a partial one of these pieces concluding the \"Jupiter\" Symphony. Beethoven's Opus 133 is a piece of this type originally intended as the concluding movement of his B-flat major String Quartet No. 13. In a posthumously published collection, an unfinished piece of this type follows four canons and thirteen others identified as \"Contrapuncti.\" For 10 points, name this type of composition with two or more voices, the Art of which titles a late masterpiece by Bach.", "answer": "fugues [or fugato; or fugal compositions]", "page": "Fugue", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbd8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93479, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 274], [275, 399], [400, 534], [535, 677], [678, 799]], "first_sentence": "The finale of Anton Bruckner's Fifth Symphony combines sonata form with this musical form, beginning when the strings pick up a theme introduced by a clarinet.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This myth system includes an \"Isle of Flames\" located in the \"Sea of the Two Knives.\" The underworld of this myth system contains a serpent with four bearded human heads on its back, known as the \"devourer of spirits.\" In some tales, its first god created a child from his spit and another from his vomit, after creating himself on a primeval hill that rose from the cosmic ocean. In this system, the gods ruled on earth as kings during the \"First Time,\" and five deities were born on five intercalary days that were won in a gamble with the moon. Each night, a god in this system takes the form Afu to travel through twelve provinces of the underworld, Duat, after a daily ride through the sky on a barque and a battle with the serpent Apep. For 10 points, name this myth system which includes the gods Atum, Thoth, and Ra.", "answer": "Egyptian mythology [or Heliopolis; or Hermopolis; or Ennead; or Ogdoad]", "page": "Egyptian_mythology", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbd9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93480, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [84, 217], [217, 380], [381, 547], [548, 742], [743, 824]], "first_sentence": "This myth system includes an \"Isle of Flames\" located in the \"Sea of the Two Knives.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "To prevent a coup against a ruler of this region, Esperanza de Sar\u00c3\u00a1chaga attacked the conspirators with an umbrella. This region's first constitution was introduced by the Count of Montgelas, and the last king of this area released his subjects from their oath of loyalty in the Anif Declaration. At the end of a war for control of this area, one side won control of the Innviertel through the Treaty of Teschen. The Treaty of Ilbersheim took this region out of the War of the Spanish Succession following the Battle of Blenheim. One patron of Wagner was a king of this region who ordered the building of Neuschwanstein, an inspiration for Sleeping Beauty Castle. For 10 points, name this German region once ruled by the Wittelsbachs, including the Mad King Ludwig, from their capital at Munich.", "answer": "Bavaria [or Bayern; accept Electorate of Bavaria or Kingdom of Bavaria]", "page": "Bavaria", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbda", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93481, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 297], [298, 413], [414, 530], [531, 664], [665, 796]], "first_sentence": "To prevent a coup against a ruler of this region, Esperanza de Sar\u00c3\u00a1chaga attacked the conspirators with an umbrella.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Hill of Vaws was a legendary meeting place for these people, who are celebrated in Spanish winter parades called cabalgatas. In Eastern Orthodoxy, the Great Blessing of Water is said on a feast remembering them. St. Eustorgius moved their relics to Milan, though Frederick Barbarossa had them moved again. In Germany, their initials are marked above doors in chalk by boys called Sternsinger, and their bones are allegedly in a gilded shrine in Cologne Cathedral. Legendarily, St. Thomas blessed them while en route to India. In the Gospel of Matthew, their words lead to the Massacre of the Innocents perpetrated by Herod. The names Caspar, Balthasar, and Melchior are often given to, for 10 points, what men celebrated on Epiphany, who bring gifts to baby Jesus after following a star?", "answer": "Magi [or Three Wise Men; or Three Kings]", "page": "Magi", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbdb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93482, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 215], [216, 309], [310, 467], [468, 529], [530, 627], [628, 791]], "first_sentence": "The Hill of Vaws was a legendary meeting place for these people, who are celebrated in Spanish winter parades called cabalgatas.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character frequently complains about the sudden lack of enjoyment he gets out of smoking his Maria Mancini cigars. This character suffers a nosebleed and lies on a bench before remembering an older classmate with \"Kirghiz eyes\" who loaned him a pencil. This character falls in love with a woman with eyes like that classmate's who nonetheless irritates him by slamming the door at every mealtime. While lost in a snowstorm, this man dreams of a tropical paradise. This character eventually seduces Clavdia Chauchat during Walpurgisnacht, and he frequently converses with the humanist Settembrini. For 10 points, name this engineer whose three week visit to his cousin Joachim at Berghof Sanatorium ends up lasting seven years in Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountain.", "answer": "Hans Castorp [or Hans Castorp]", "page": "The_Magic_Mountain", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbdc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93483, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 257], [258, 401], [402, 468], [469, 601], [602, 767]], "first_sentence": "This character frequently complains about the sudden lack of enjoyment he gets out of smoking his Maria Mancini cigars.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Dirac derived the relativistic formula for a force named for this man and an alphabetically-earlier physicist using the Lienard-Wiechert potentials in place of the Larmor formula; that force is proportional to the charge squared times the jerk. With a Danish mathematician, this man names an equation relating refractive index to polarizability and inverse density, a special case of the Clausius-Mossotti relation. The classical recoil on an accelerating particle from its own radiation, often called the self-force, is named for this man and Abraham. This man names the set of all rotations and boosts in Minkowski spacetime, as well as a quantity symbolized gamma that is used to calculate the amount of time dilation. For 10 points, name this Dutch namesake of a set of transformations and factors central to special relativity.", "answer": "Hendrik Antoon Lorentz [accept Abraham-Lorentz force]", "page": "Hendrik_Lorentz", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbdd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93484, "tokenizations": [[0, 244], [245, 415], [416, 552], [553, 721], [722, 832]], "first_sentence": "Dirac derived the relativistic formula for a force named for this man and an alphabetically-earlier physicist using the Lienard-Wiechert potentials in place of the Larmor formula; that force is proportional to the charge squared times the jerk.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An enzyme active in this process is coded by the TARS gene. A mutation in a gene for a molecule active in this process is the usual cause of MELAS syndrome. RRF performs its function at the end of this process. A complex central to this process exhibits relative rotation of its two subunits referred to as \"ratcheting.\" The initiation of this process can be cap-dependent or cap-independent. In prokaryotes, steps in this process are catalyzed by EF-P and EF-Tu. In this process facilitated by elongation factors, a molecule with a cloverleaf structure binds to its target codon at the A site of the ribosome. For 10 points, name this process in which tRNA synthesizes polypeptides via its interaction with the mRNA produced by transcription.", "answer": "translation [or protein synthesis]", "page": "Translation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbde", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93485, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 210], [211, 319], [319, 392], [393, 463], [464, 610], [611, 743]], "first_sentence": "An enzyme active in this process is coded by the TARS gene. A mutation in a gene for a molecule active in this process is the usual cause of MELAS syndrome.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Heckman extended a model that this economist proposed for deriving a linear relationship between an observed independent variable and an unobserved dependent variable; that censored regression model is derived from the probit model. This Nobel laureate created a transactions model that relates \"the square root of spending over interest rate\" to the demand for money; that model is co-named for Baumol. This man theorized that a firm's market value divided by its replacement cost gives a ratio indicating whether the firm should be invested in. This developer of the \"Q\" ratio argued that floating exchange rates are not sufficient for preventing harmful currency speculation. For 10 points, name this Yale economist and 1981 Nobel laureate, who proposed a namesake tax on currency exchanges.", "answer": "James Tobin", "page": "James_Tobin", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbdf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93486, "tokenizations": [[0, 232], [233, 403], [404, 546], [547, 678], [679, 794]], "first_sentence": "Heckman extended a model that this economist proposed for deriving a linear relationship between an observed independent variable and an unobserved dependent variable; that censored regression model is derived from the probit model.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After stopping a woman with this name on Blackheath, Wat Tyler supposedly kissed her hand and attached an escort to her company. This was the name of the mother of Richard II, who was called the \"Fair Maid of Kent\" and married Edward the Black Prince. While Adam of Usk referred to her as Agnes, a mythical woman with this name was named by Jean de Mailly as the female successor of Pope Leo IV. John II of Alen\u00c3\u00a7on was a comrade of another person with this name, who lived during the reign of Charles VII and joined the Loire Campaign after having visions of St. Michael and St. Catherine. That woman helped lift a siege at Orl\u00c3\u00a9ans before being burned at the stake. For 10 points, give this name held by a 19-year-old French girl who fought during the Hundred Years' War.", "answer": "Joan [or Jeanne d'Arc; or or Joan of Kent; or Pope Joan; or Joan of Arc]", "page": "Joan_of_Arc", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbe0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93487, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 251], [252, 395], [396, 590], [591, 667], [668, 773]], "first_sentence": "After stopping a woman with this name on Blackheath, Wat Tyler supposedly kissed her hand and attached an escort to her company.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A useful application of algorithms that solve this problem is in finding which sport teams in a league are still in the running to make the playoffs. In the solution to that baseball elimination problem, a maximum cardinality bipartite matching is conducted between teams and games. One algorithm solves it by building a layered graph at each iteration using breadth-first search on a residual graph; that approach was developed by Dinic. Another method used to solve this problem only works for integer edge weights; in that algorithm, augmenting paths are constructed until no paths exist from source to sink with residual capacity. That method was developed by Ford and Fulkerson. For 10 points, name this problem equivalent to finding the min cut, which involves calculating the maximum capacity of a network.", "answer": "maximum-flow problem [prompt on \"min cut\" before mention]", "page": "Maximum_flow_problem", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbe1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93488, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 282], [283, 438], [439, 634], [635, 683], [684, 813]], "first_sentence": "A useful application of algorithms that solve this problem is in finding which sport teams in a league are still in the running to make the playoffs.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, the protagonist's life is saved when Magdalena warns him that her husband, Buck Scales, has killed four previous travelers. The title character of this novel convinces a widow to reveal her true age so that she will not be denied her inheritance. In this novel, the owner of a wooden parrot relates a story in which a friar kills a boy with a goblet for spilling some gravy, which results in that friar being thrown off a plateau. That storyteller, Father Jesus de Baca, also tells a story about a portrait of St. Joseph that can produce rain. Near the end of this work, the title character's body is placed in front of the altar of the cathedral he built. For 10 points, name this novel about Father Jean Marie Latour's attempts to revive Catholicism in New Mexico, written by Willa Cather.", "answer": "Death Comes for the Archbishop", "page": "Death_Comes_for_the_Archbishop", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbe2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93489, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 261], [262, 445], [446, 558], [559, 671], [672, 806]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, the protagonist's life is saved when Magdalena warns him that her husband, Buck Scales, has killed four previous travelers.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An ethicist at this university described a man who'd save a stranger from a fire over his own wife as having \"one thought too many\" in \"Persons, Character, and Morality.\" An Antidote Against Atheism was written by Henry More here. Prior to UC-Berkeley, the author of Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy and \"Moral Luck,\" Bernard Williams, taught at this university, which names a group that melded Christian theology with Platonism. Its university press publishes Texts in the History of Philosophy in green paperback covers. Frank Ramsey invited Ludwig Wittgenstein to teach at this university as analytic philosophy was first developed at it by G.E. Moore and Bertrand Russell. For 10 points, name this British university which resisted the \"ordinary language\" philosophy of its older rival, Oxford.", "answer": "Cambridge University [generously accept either underlined part of University of California - Berkeley before \"Antidote\" is read, even though Williams started there 7 years after he wrote the essay in the 1st sentence; accept Cambridge Platonists after \"Antidote\" is read]", "page": "University_of_Cambridge", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbe3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93490, "tokenizations": [[0, 170], [171, 230], [231, 432], [433, 525], [526, 679], [680, 801]], "first_sentence": "An ethicist at this university described a man who'd save a stranger from a fire over his own wife as having \"one thought too many\" in \"Persons, Character, and Morality.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a literary appearance, this character sees Harry Kendall Thaw's penis in jail. In another work, a title character falls asleep on a bench at this man's grave in Machpelah Cemetery, and studies under Bernard Kornblum in an effort to imitate this man. This man is congratulated by Franz Ferdinand for inventing the airplane years after his car breaks down New Rochelle, forcing him to visit the central family of E. L. Doctorow's Ragtime. This man's exploits inspire the title characters of The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Klay. In real life, this man alienated Arthur Conan Doyle by debunking spiritualists. This Budapest native, born Erik Weisz, died after being punched in the stomach. For 10 points, name this inventor of the Chinese Water Torture Cell, a popular magician and escape artist.", "answer": "Harry Houdini [accept Erik Weisz before mentioned]", "page": "Harry_Houdini", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbe4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93491, "tokenizations": [[0, 81], [82, 252], [253, 439], [440, 536], [537, 616], [617, 696], [697, 803]], "first_sentence": "In a literary appearance, this character sees Harry Kendall Thaw's penis in jail.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One essay claims that, like the Mona Lisa, more people consider this work \"a work of art because they have found it interesting, than interesting because it is a work of art.\" J.M. Robertson and Minnesota professor Elmer Stoll studied it as a \"stratification\" with a series of authors. An essay on this literary work claims it doesn't contain any \"chain[s] of events\" or physical things representing \"particular emotion[s].\" Thomas Kyd may have written a proposed \"Ur-\" version of this play, which is an \"artistic failure\" because it lacks an \"objective correlative\" according to a T.S. Eliot essay on the title character \"and His Problems.\" This plays' backstory includes poison in a king's ear. For 10 points, name this tragedy in which poisoned wine kills Queen Gertrude after a ghost talks to her princely Danish son.", "answer": "The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark", "page": "Hamlet", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbe5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93492, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 285], [286, 423], [423, 640], [640, 696], [697, 821]], "first_sentence": "One essay claims that, like the Mona Lisa, more people consider this work \"a work of art because they have found it interesting, than interesting because it is a work of art.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this work, one character meets his ancestors in a dream sequence after following a sea-swift flying across the water; that character in this work also tries to find treasure by diving into a shipwreck to please a woman who often wears a yellow dress. A taxi van with leopard-print seats is driven about in this poem. The canoe In God we Troust is owned by a rival of the pig farmer Major Plunkett in this poem, whose encounter with Afolabe teaches him about his African roots. The blind man Seven Seas is a character in this poem, in which Helen is competed over by Hector and the fisherman Achille. For 10 points, name this epic poem which transplants many Homeric characters and concepts to the Caribbean island of St. Lucia, by Derek Walcott.", "answer": "Omeros", "page": "Omeros", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbe6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93493, "tokenizations": [[0, 253], [254, 319], [320, 329], [330, 479], [480, 602], [603, 748]], "first_sentence": "In this work, one character meets his ancestors in a dream sequence after following a sea-swift flying across the water; that character in this work also tries to find treasure by diving into a shipwreck to please a woman who often wears a yellow dress.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Langston's ant and turmites are two-dimensional analogues of these constructs. Recursively enumerable languages are equivalent to the class of languages recognized by these constructs. The universal variant of these constructs can simulate every possible one of these constructs. Attaching one of these to an \"oracle\" can make it stronger, and a busy beaver is a specific variant of these constructs that executes the maximum number of steps. Lambda calculus is equivalent in power to these constructs according to a hypothesis named after Alonzo Church and these devices' namesake. For 10 points, name these theoretical devices with a head that can read, write, and move upon an infinite length of tape.", "answer": "Turing machines", "page": "Turing_machine", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbe7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93494, "tokenizations": [[0, 78], [79, 184], [185, 279], [280, 442], [443, 582], [583, 704]], "first_sentence": "Langston's ant and turmites are two-dimensional analogues of these constructs.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Recordings have gone missing of this man's address in which he advocated \"forgetting the past, burying the hatchet\" and a state policy of religious tolerance, his 11 August Speech. The Khaksars failed multiple times to assassinate this man, whose support for war led him to call for a \"Day of Deliverance\" as his political rivals folded at the onset of World War II. Like Woodrow Wilson, this leader issued a set of Fourteen Points, though his demanded future protections for his religious minority. This man arranged the Lucknow Pact while preceding Muhammad Iqbal as leader of the Muslim League. For 10 points, name this man whose support of the two-state idea and the Lahore Resolution led to a break with Jawaharlal Nehru, the founding father and first leader of modern Pakistan.", "answer": "Muhammad Ali Jinnah", "page": "Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbe8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93495, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 366], [367, 499], [500, 597], [598, 783]], "first_sentence": "Recordings have gone missing of this man's address in which he advocated \"forgetting the past, burying the hatchet\" and a state policy of religious tolerance, his 11 August Speech.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A medieval English one of these paintings shows the Virgin Mary on the right, flanked by a group of angels in blue; that one from the reign of Richard II is named for Wilton House. One of these works by Andy Warhol juxtaposes coloured and black-and-white versions of his Marilyn Monroes. Lucas Cranach the Elder painted several works of this type in which Adam scratches his head on the left. A depiction in profile of Federico da Montefeltro, the leader of Urbino, was made as part of one by Piero della Francesca. Another one, in which four men hold books, a scroll, keys, and a sword, is Albrecht Durer's The Four Apostles. Most classically, these art objects contain a single hinge. For 10 points, name this type of set of paintings with coordinated subject matter across their two panels.", "answer": "diptych [or double-panel paintings; prompt on \"polyptych\"]", "page": "Diptych", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbea", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93497, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 287], [288, 392], [393, 515], [516, 626], [627, 686], [687, 793]], "first_sentence": "A medieval English one of these paintings shows the Virgin Mary on the right, flanked by a group of angels in blue; that one from the reign of Richard II is named for Wilton House.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This faculty is modeled in McCleland and Elman's connectionist TRACE model. Studies of this faculty in the Pakistani-British KE family led to the discovery that the FoxP2 gene on chromosome 7 is involved in its development. Like extraversion and music, facility with this activity is greatly increased in sufferers of Williams syndrome. Children with disorders of this faculty in Iowa got positive and negative therapy in Mary Tudor and Wendell Johnson's Monster Study. Rewards for tacts and mands teach this activity in a discredited theory of B.F. Skinner. External stimuli from this activity are processed in Wernicke's area in the cerebral cortex, where Broca's area is involved in its production. For 10 points, name this faculty impaired by aphasia, which also requires a functioning larynx.", "answer": "human speech production [or vocalizations; accept speech disorders; prompt on \"language\"]", "page": "Speech_production", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "difficulty": "College", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "55414846ea23cc9417e9bbeb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 93498, "tokenizations": [[0, 75], [76, 223], [224, 336], [337, 469], [470, 558], [559, 701], [702, 797]], "first_sentence": "This faculty is modeled in McCleland and Elman's connectionist TRACE model.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this man's compositions takes its title from a novel by Robert Smythe Hichens, and ends with a movement in which a solo flute introduces the first of 163 repetitions of an eight-note theme. That work by this man ends with the movement \"In the Street of the Ouled Nai\u0308ls\" (\"nah-eels\") and was inspired by a recuperative bicycle trip across the Sahara. Another of his compositions contains a section that opens in 6/4 time with the four-dotted- whole-note figure G, E-flat, A, B; that section ends with an unexpected F9 chord. Parallel fourths in the flutes play over a held D in the violins in an odd moment from a work by this man subtitled \"An Homage to Thomas Hardy\". This composer of Beni Mora used a series of doors and multiple wordless choruses of women to achieve its fade-out effect in the final section of a suite whose first section opens with a 5/4 ostinato and is nicknamed \"Bringer of War\". For 10 points, name this English composer of Egdon Heath and The Planets.", "answer": "Gustav Holst [or Gustav Theodore Holst; or Gustavus Theodor von Holst]", "page": "Gustav_Holst", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719428", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101926, "tokenizations": [[0, 196], [197, 243], [243, 357], [358, 531], [532, 676], [677, 910], [911, 984]], "first_sentence": "One of this man's compositions takes its title from a novel by Robert Smythe Hichens, and ends with a movement in which a solo flute introduces the first of 163 repetitions of an eight-note theme.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A myelodysplastic syndrome caused by a mutation of a transporter of this compound leads to megaloblastic anemia in Rogers syndrome. Red blood cell transketolase activity can be used as a marker to indicate this compound's depletion. The \"banana bag\" used to treat nutritionally deficient alcoholics contains magnesium sulfate, folic acid and this compound. The first component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex uses a derivative of this molecule as a cofactor. This compound is given either intravenously or intramuscularly to treat a condition characterized by the triad of ataxia, confusion, and either nystagmus or opthalmoplegia. That condition caused by a deficiency of this compound can progress to anterograde or retrograde amnesia, leading to a variant of that condition named for Korsakoff. For 10 points, name this vitamin whose deficiency can lead to Wernicke's encephalopathy and beriberi.", "answer": "thiamine [or vitamin B1]", "page": "Thiamine", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719429", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101927, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 232], [233, 356], [357, 464], [465, 637], [638, 803], [804, 905]], "first_sentence": "A myelodysplastic syndrome caused by a mutation of a transporter of this compound leads to megaloblastic anemia in Rogers syndrome.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In an unexpectedly comic scene in this play, a character attaches a fan to a broom and waves it at a lantern; she succeeds in putting out the lantern, but immediately falls down the stairs A character in this play falsely reports having lost a wallet containing his personal seal on the tenth, thus invalidating a promissory note from the thirteenth. In its second scene, a character hides under a porch of the Temma House and communicates with a courtesan by touching her ankles and feet. One of its main characters is scammed out of two kamme of silver he owes his uncle by the fiendish oil dealer Kuheiji. This play's third scene is set at the title shrine in the \"Wood of Tenjin\", where the despondent Tokubei and Ohatsu commit the title act. For 10 points, name this very short bunraku play by Chikamatsu Monzaemon, not to be confused with a similar play set at Amijima.", "answer": "The Love Suicides at Sonezaki [or Sonezaki Shinju]", "page": "The_Love_Suicides_at_Sonezaki", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571942a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101928, "tokenizations": [[0, 350], [351, 489], [490, 608], [609, 746], [747, 875]], "first_sentence": "In an unexpectedly comic scene in this play, a character attaches a fan to a broom and waves it at a lantern; she succeeds in putting out the lantern, but immediately falls down the stairs A character in this play falsely reports having lost a wallet containing his personal seal on the tenth, thus invalidating a promissory note from the thirteenth.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Concrete walls were erected in this city during the Peyton Road Affair, caused by fears of blockbusting in one of its affluent neighborhoods, but were torn down after being held unconstitutional. An accused criminal in this city claimed to be a music promoter working for a fictitious woman named Cheryl Johnson; that man, Wayne Williams, was blamed for roughly 30 child murders in this city. John Wesley Dobbs was an unofficial mayor in this city, once known as the \"City Too Busy to Hate.\" Axe handles called \"Pickrick Drumsticks\" were wielded by a group of employees in this city while its governor Ivan Allen, Jr., was opposed by the restaurant owner Lester Maddox, who refused to seat black people at his establishment. In a case arising in this city, the Supreme Court used the Commerce Clause to enforce the Civil Rights Act of 1964. For 10 points, name this city, home to a motel in its \"Heart\" that was the subject of a 1964 Supreme Court decision.", "answer": "Atlanta, Georgia", "page": "Atlanta", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571942b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101929, "tokenizations": [[0, 195], [196, 392], [393, 490], [490, 491], [492, 724], [725, 840], [841, 957]], "first_sentence": "Concrete walls were erected in this city during the Peyton Road Affair, caused by fears of blockbusting in one of its affluent neighborhoods, but were torn down after being held unconstitutional.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to the Theogony, a character of this name was kidnapped by Aphrodite not long after his birth to Eos and Cephalus. A more famous figure of this name causes a serpent who was \"before not frightening to anyone\" to become agitated and leads Bootes to flee. That account of this figure also describes the inscription on this figure's tomb near the Po river. In that tale of this figure, which follows a challenge by Epaphus to this figure, his grandmother Tethys thrusts back the gates of a stable, out of which he drives the horses Pyrois, Eous, Aethon, and Phlegon. The actions of this character resulted in the Ethiopians' skin to turn black, the cold Triones to heat up, the earth to split open, and the seas to evaporate. For 10 points, name this son of Clymene and Helios who tried to drive the chariot of the sun.", "answer": "Phaethon", "page": "Phaethon", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571942c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101930, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 263], [264, 363], [364, 573], [574, 732], [733, 826]], "first_sentence": "According to the Theogony, a character of this name was kidnapped by Aphrodite not long after his birth to Eos and Cephalus.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This quantity names a type of unstable \"wall mode\" in plasma confinement devices such as tokamaks. This quantity is proportional to the electron density divided by temperature raised to the three-halves power all times the Coulomb logarithm according to a formula derived by Lyman Spitzer. A diffusion equation for the magnetic field can be derived from an extension to ideal magnetohydrodynamics named for this quantity. The square root of four kT times bandwidth times this quantity gives the rms voltage of thermal noise. This quantity is the inverse of the slope of a curve which possesses a linear and a saturation region for a MOSFET. It is the inverse of a quantity equal to the ratio of current density to electric field. This quantity is added to reactance to give impedance. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to voltage divided by current according to Ohm's Law.", "answer": "resistivity [or resistance]", "page": "Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571942d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101931, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 289], [290, 421], [422, 524], [525, 640], [641, 729], [730, 784], [785, 878]], "first_sentence": "This quantity names a type of unstable \"wall mode\" in plasma confinement devices such as tokamaks.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poem quotes John Denham's \"Of Prudence\" in saying \"To live and die is all I have to do\". The speaker of this poem describes how people flatter him by saying he \"cough[s] like Horace\" or has \"Ovid's nose\", and jokes that when he dies, he'll be compared to Homer because he \"died three thousand years ago\". One stanza in this poem describes a figure \"blessed with each talent and each art to please\" but being \"too fond to rule alone, / Bear, like the Turk, no brother near the throne\". Another figure in this poem is called a \"mere white curd of ass's milk\". Joseph Addison and Lord Hervey are satirized in this poem as the characters Atticus and Sporus. Because \"All Bedlam, or Parnassus, is let out\", the speaker of this poem commands \"Shut, shut the door, good John!\" This poem is the source of the phrases \"damn with faint praise\" and \"Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?\" For 10 points, name this Alexander Pope poem addressed to his physician.", "answer": "\"Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot\"", "page": "Epistle_to_Dr_Arbuthnot", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571942e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101932, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [94, 309], [310, 489], [490, 562], [563, 658], [659, 774], [775, 881], [882, 954]], "first_sentence": "This poem quotes John Denham's \"Of Prudence\" in saying \"To live and die is all I have to do\".", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This theorist stated \"one must find the demon in every thing\" and \"one must find the eye in every thing\" in a treatise comparing discovery to many \"Zeuses\" sailing the globe to discover moles. Works by this artist include his portrait of Clarice Lispector and one in which a man rows a boat in frothy water within a house, The Return of Ulysses. The cover of Dino Buzzati's The Tartar Steppe features this artist's The Red Tower, which is thematically similar to this artist's depiction of an orange glove, a green ball and the head of a statue, Love Song. After disagreements over the authorship of ideas, Carlo Carra split from this artist's scuolametafisica. Two faceless, classically dressed mannequins with a staff and a mask appear in this artist's The Disquieting Muses. For 10 points, name this painter who included a girl with a hoop following a statue's shadow in Mystery and Melancholy of a Street.", "answer": "Giorgio de Chirico", "page": "Giorgio_de_Chirico", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571942f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101933, "tokenizations": [[0, 192], [193, 345], [346, 556], [557, 661], [662, 777], [778, 909]], "first_sentence": "This theorist stated \"one must find the demon in every thing\" and \"one must find the eye in every thing\" in a treatise comparing discovery to many \"Zeuses\" sailing the globe to discover moles.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Prior to this engagement, one force had unsuccessfully attempted to lay siege to Placentia, then proceeded south to Fanum Fortunae. When that army's commander heard the sounding of a trumpet, he correctly surmised that another general had arrived in the opposing camp, so he briefly withdrew during a night where his guards apparently deserted him. The prelude to this clash was the Battle of Grumentum, in which a nearby force camped at Canusium was repelled. The opposing army was commanded by a man whose later dispute about a tax on salt earned him the nickname Salinator; he was reinforced by the army of his co-consul Gaius Claudius Nero, who circled a ravine to execute a pincer attack. This battle, in which Marcus Livius Drusus defeated a man whose severed head was then thrown into his brother's camp, was the last major clash in Italy during the Second Punic War. For 10 points, name this 207 BC battle, where Hasdrubal was killed at the namesake river.", "answer": "Battle of the Metaurus River [or the Metauro River; or Metarus]", "page": "Battle_of_the_Metaurus", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719430", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101934, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 348], [349, 460], [461, 693], [694, 874], [875, 964]], "first_sentence": "Prior to this engagement, one force had unsuccessfully attempted to lay siege to Placentia, then proceeded south to Fanum Fortunae.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "While professor of moral philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, Gershom Carmichael delivered lectures on ethics mod- eled on this man's writings. John Locke's Two Treatises adopts this thinker's notion that each man has two natural inclinations: a natural sociability and an inclination to self-love. This philosopher used a hypothetico-deductive method in a work consisting of twenty-one definitions, two axioms, and five observations of natural law, the Elementa. Many of this philosopher's theories were developed while he was serving as tutor to Charles Xof Sweden. Unlike his teacher's On the Laws of War and Peace, this thinker argued for a theory of just war based on the concept of a man's duty. For 10 points, name this German student of Hugo Grotius who authored On the Law of Nature and Nations and On the Duty of Man and Citizen.", "answer": "Samuel von Pufendorf", "page": "Samuel_von_Pufendorf", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719431", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101935, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 304], [305, 469], [470, 573], [574, 707], [708, 845]], "first_sentence": "While professor of moral philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, Gershom Carmichael delivered lectures on ethics mod- eled on this man's writings.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Participants in this event were known as \"scorporati.\" As a result of this event, for a brief time, the punishment of debt by mutilation was curtailed, interest-paying forced loans were replaced with a direct property tax, and three priors were popularly elected, though those reforms were opposed by another alliance. One group involved in this event was led by Bartolo di Jacopo; that faction gathered under a group of eight lower-class leaders who were based at a Dominican monastery. Several hundred years after this event, a statue of one of its leaders was placed in the Loggia del Porcellino. The instigators of this event marched on the Palazzo della Signoria and placed Michele di Lando in power. This incident was sparked by dissatisfaction at the power of the guilds of the Arti maggiori. For 10 points, name this 1378 rebellion by a group of Florentine wool-carders.", "answer": "Ciompi rebellion [or tumult of the Ciompi; or obvious equivalents, such as revolt of the Ciompi]", "page": "Ciompi_Revolt", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719432", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101936, "tokenizations": [[0, 318], [319, 487], [488, 599], [600, 705], [706, 799], [800, 878]], "first_sentence": "Participants in this event were known as \"scorporati.\" As a result of this event, for a brief time, the punishment of debt by mutilation was curtailed, interest-paying forced loans were replaced with a direct property tax, and three priors were popularly elected, though those reforms were opposed by another alliance.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "At one point in this opera, the music shifts from major to minor key after the title character is slapped by his wife. Its soprano starts doubling the wages of her new husband's household servants shortly after signing a marital agreement brought by the notary Carlino, causing her husband to angrily sing the aria \"Son tradito.\" The overture to this opera, which begins with a melody played by a solo cello that is later picked up by the winds, samples the themes from two later arias entitled \"So anch'io la virtu magica\" and \"Com'e gentil.\" In \"Bella siccome un angelo\" a character invents an imaginary sister who has recently finished at a convent school, named Sofronia. The title character, who disapproves of his nephew Ernesto's love for Norina, sings the duet \"Cheti, cheti, immantinente\" with his friend Dr. Malatesta. For 10 points, name this opera buffa by Gaetano Donizetti about an old Italian bachelor who seeks a young wife.", "answer": "Don Pasquale", "page": "Don_Pasquale", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719433", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101937, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 328], [328, 542], [542, 675], [676, 828], [829, 940]], "first_sentence": "At one point in this opera, the music shifts from major to minor key after the title character is slapped by his wife.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Historians who have written studies of this battle include Harold Hayden Nelson and Hans Goedicke. This battle's winning commander ignored his generals' advice to approach from either Zefti or Taanach, choosing instead to risk ambush by leading his army single file through a narrow pass. That ruler assumed the enemy would not expect him to make such an illogical decision and therefore took the direct route across the Ridge of Carmel from Aruna after holding a war council at Yehem. A primary source for this battle was written by Tjaneni, and the losing commander here escaped during a seven month siege that followed, leaving behind his allies of the Mitanni tribe, and almost 1000 chariots. This battle's events are inscribed on the walls of the temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak. For 10 points, name this victory for the pharaoh Thutmose III over the king of Kadesh, which is the earliest recorded battle in history.", "answer": "Battle of Megiddo", "page": "Battle_of_Megiddo_(15th_century_BC)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719434", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101938, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 288], [289, 485], [486, 696], [697, 780], [781, 917]], "first_sentence": "Historians who have written studies of this battle include Harold Hayden Nelson and Hans Goedicke.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "It's not temperature, but this quantity has a linear relationship with the relative wavelength shift of a fiber Bragg grating. Tuning this quantity can greatly increase the spontaneous polarization and transition temperature of a ferroelectric thin film. This quantity's time derivative is the symmetric component of the gradient of the velocity field. This quantity's value is constrained by the Saint-Venant compatibility equations. This quantity is the independent variable of Hollomon's equation, in which it is raised to a namesake \"hardening\" exponent. A common device for measuring this quantity consists of a patterned strip of constantan alloy connected to a Wheatstone bridge, which gives this quantity as the relative change in resistance divided by the gauge factor. This quantity is localized when necking occurs, and it lies on the x-axis of a curve whose slope equals Young's modulus in the elastic region. For 10 points, name this tensor quantity that measures the local deformation of a body in response to stress.", "answer": "strain tensor [prompt on \"deformation\"]", "page": "Infinitesimal_strain_theory", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719435", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101939, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 254], [255, 352], [353, 434], [435, 558], [559, 778], [779, 921], [922, 1031]], "first_sentence": "It's not temperature, but this quantity has a linear relationship with the relative wavelength shift of a fiber Bragg grating.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A terrible translation of this work, in which the word for \"social class\" was translated as \"whale,\" was written by Reverend Charles Swan. A particularly lyrical passage in this novel addresses figures \"springing from the waters and rising to the sky\"; that \"farewell to the mountains\" describes the thoughts of a character in this novel crossing the Adda. A riot at the Bakery of the Crutches is blamed on a character in this novel who hides from the authorities by pretending to be a silk weaver named Antonio at his cousin Bartolo's mill. After seeing pilgrims on the road seeking out Cardinal Borromeo, a character in this novel repents for his sins. Doctor Azzeccagarbugli and Don Abbondio both attempt to abduct a woman in this novel to satisfy a bet by a wealthy nobleman that he can take her virginity, but The Unnamed changes his mind and brings about downfall of that villain. For 10 points, name this novel in which the wealthy Don Rodrigo schemes to separate Lorenzo and Lucia, written by Alessandro Manzoni.", "answer": "The Betrothed [or I promessi sposi; or The Betrothed Lovers; or The Promise of Fidelity]", "page": "The_Betrothed_(Manzoni_novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719436", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101940, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 356], [357, 541], [542, 654], [655, 886], [887, 1020]], "first_sentence": "A terrible translation of this work, in which the word for \"social class\" was translated as \"whale,\" was written by Reverend Charles Swan.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This text notes that a tree may be referred to as \"seven-leaved\" when it does not actually have seven leaves to explain the title of one of its sections. Another section of this text enumerates nine types of doubt that people may have concerning gains and losses. This text refutes the opinion of the Lokayatikas that religious ordinances should not be observed and argues that the title concept is worthy of scholarly discussion even though it is common to all creatures. This text recommends that Dharma be practiced mainly during old age, while Artha and the title concept should be practiced mainly during youth and middle age, and it classifies women as either \"deer,\" \"mares,\" or \"elephants.\" This text written by Vatsyayana includes chapters titled \"About Females Acting the Part of Males\" and \"Of the Embrace.\" For 10 points, identify this text named for the Hindu god of love, which notably contains a sex manual.", "answer": "the Kama Sutra", "page": "Kama_Sutra", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719437", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101941, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 263], [264, 472], [473, 697], [697, 817], [817, 922]], "first_sentence": "This text notes that a tree may be referred to as \"seven-leaved\" when it does not actually have seven leaves to explain the title of one of its sections.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Armor made by this character that was immune to steel and iron weapons was used successfully by her sons until an old man revealed that the armor had a weakness to stones. Those sons of this character were attempting to take revenge for the horse-trampling death of their sister, who was accused of having an affair with Randver. This character attempts to commit suicide by holding stones and jumping into the sea, but the waves carry her to the kingdom of Jonakr, who she marries. In one source, this mother of Hamdir, So\u0308rli, and Svanhild is hacked up by Hildebrand, the mentor of Dietrich of Bern, after she decapitates Hagen. In another source, she takes revenge for her murdered family by killing her sons Erp and Eitil and feeding them to the murderer, her second husband Atli. In the Nibelungenlied, this character is known as Kriemhild. For 10 points, name this sister of Gunnar who marries Sigurd in the Volsunga saga.", "answer": "Gudrun [or Kriemhild until it is read]", "page": "Gudrun", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719438", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101942, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 329], [330, 482], [483, 630], [631, 778], [779, 784], [785, 845], [846, 928]], "first_sentence": "Armor made by this character that was immune to steel and iron weapons was used successfully by her sons until an old man revealed that the armor had a weakness to stones.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to many scholars, this document's critique of common law was drawn from contemporary jurist Elisha Hurlbut, and it borrowed language from the minister Samuel May. Prior to approval of this document, the town supervisor Ansel Bascom read a speech he prepared with a student named Samuel Tillman, and Thomas M'Clintock read several passages from Blackstone's legal commentaries. Reportedly drafted on a table donated by Richard Hunt, the central portion of this document claims that \"the prerogative of Jehovah himself\" has been usurped, and lists several more injuries. Signed at the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, this document claims that a certain group becomes \"civilly dead\" in the eyes of the law upon marriage. It was signed in 1848 by a group including Martha Wright, James Mott, Frederick Douglass and its primary author, Elizabeth Cady Stanton. For 10 points, identify this document presented at the Seneca Falls Convention.", "answer": "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions [or Declaration of Rights and Sentiments]", "page": "Declaration_of_Sentiments", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719439", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101943, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 386], [387, 578], [579, 722], [723, 859], [860, 939]], "first_sentence": "According to many scholars, this document's critique of common law was drawn from contemporary jurist Elisha Hurlbut, and it borrowed language from the minister Samuel May.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "These compounds can be produced from alkynes and nitrones using a copper catalyst in the Kinugasa reaction. One of these compounds reacts with an alcohol in the tail addition step of the Nicolau total synthesis of Taxol. These compounds can be produced from ketenes in the Staudinger synthesis, and one example of them was first synthesized by John C. Sheehan. A class of enzymes which breaks down one type of these compounds can be inhibited by clavulanate and is exemplified by NDM-1, which is named after New Delhi. These compounds can be synthesized from oximes via an acid-catalyzed Beckmann rearrangement or from hydrazoic acid and a cyclic ketone via a Schmidt reaction. Drugs derived from these compounds include carbapenems and cephalosporins, which work by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis. For 10 points, identify these cyclic amides whose \"beta\" variety names a class of antibiotics that includes penicillin.", "answer": "lactams [or beta-lactams; or gamma-lactams; prompt on \"cyclic amides\"]", "page": "Lactam", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571943a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101944, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 220], [221, 360], [361, 518], [519, 677], [678, 802], [803, 922]], "first_sentence": "These compounds can be produced from alkynes and nitrones using a copper catalyst in the Kinugasa reaction.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character was the \"first stranger to whom\" his friend's daughter \"held out her chubby arms,\" and that friend's son requests, \"Kiss [this character] for me!\" while dying. This character's superior is described as a \"fellow of delicacy\" in contrast to this \"fellow of no delicacy,\" who tells his love interest that she has \"been the last dream of my soul.\" In this man's first appearance, he spends most of a trial staring lazily up at the courtroom ceiling before he tosses a piece of paper to his boss, Mr. Stryker. In a conversation analogized to a game of cards, this character, who is often compared to a jackal, plays his \"Ace\" by threatening to denounce the spy John Barsad. People remark that this man's face was the peacefullest ever beheld after this man's death, which occurs shortly after he kisses a seamstress and thinks about how he has facilitated the happy life of Lucie Manette and Charles Darnay. For 10 points, name this man whose last thought is \"It is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known,\" before he is guillotined in A Tale of Two Cities.", "answer": "Sydney Carton [accept either underlined portion]", "page": "Sydney_Carton", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571943b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101945, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 358], [358, 520], [521, 684], [685, 918], [919, 1087]], "first_sentence": "This character was the \"first stranger to whom\" his friend's daughter \"held out her chubby arms,\" and that friend's son requests, \"Kiss [this character] for me!\" while dying.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a letter, this work's creator insisted that the landscape and the central action of this painting \"existed only in the imagi- nation,\" which is why both are depicted unnaturally and disproportionately. The artist's close friend, Emile Bernard, claimed that the idea for this painting was stolen from one of his own earlier works, which depicts women in a meadow. Inspired by Vincent van Gogh's copy of Hiroshige's Plum Trees, the artist chose to insert a large diagonal tree trunk that juts across much of this work's action. This painting, which was made while its artist was in Pont-Aven, represents agrarian life with a cow who is moving in the red landscape. It depicts a group of religious devotees wearing black clothing and white bonnets contemplating a story from Genesis. For 10 points, name this painting which depicts Breton women in the foreground and Jacob wrestling with the Angel in the background, and was created by Paul Gauguin.", "answer": "Vision after the Sermon [or Jacob Wrestling with the Angel until \"Jacob\" is read]", "page": "Vision_After_the_Sermon", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571943c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101946, "tokenizations": [[0, 204], [205, 365], [366, 528], [529, 665], [666, 783], [784, 949]], "first_sentence": "In a letter, this work's creator insisted that the landscape and the central action of this painting \"existed only in the imagi- nation,\" which is why both are depicted unnaturally and disproportionately.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A book by this author has eight sections and chapters such as \"The Law of Indifference\" and \"Tendency of Profits to a Minimum.\" That book by him cites Airy's \"Theory of the Tides\" for the notion that just because accuracy in a field of study may be limited, it does not affect the fundamental character of the science as mathematical. That 1871 work by this thinker uses the \"lowest rank of feelings\" to make an argument refuting the \"labor theory of value.\" Another of his books argues that an increase in the efficiency of energy production actually causes an increase, and not a decrease, in consumption. An early work by this thinker suggests that business cycles were linked to sunspots. A work by him on diminishing marginal utility was written six years after his The Coal Question, which introduced his namesake paradox. For 10 points, name this author of The Theory of Political Economy, an English economist who spearheaded the marginal revolution.", "answer": "William Stanley Jevons", "page": "William_Stanley_Jevons", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571943d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101947, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [126, 334], [335, 458], [459, 607], [608, 692], [693, 828], [829, 958]], "first_sentence": "A book by this author has eight sections and chapters such as \"The Law of Indifference\" and \"Tendency of Profits to a Minimum.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Fibrillin-1 contains a type of epidermal growth factor-like domain which binds to this element. Low levels of this element can be indicated by tightening a blood pressure cuff on the brachial artery, which leads to a carpal spasm called the \"hand of the obstetrician.\" Levels of this element in cells can be measured using aequorin. This element regulates the binding of phospholipids to annexins. This element can become deficient in the blood of patients with many blood transfusions since it complexes to citrate in serum. Along with diacylglycerol, this element activates protein kinase C. Parvalbumin contains three helix-loop-helix domains which bind to this element. Levels of this element in serum can be reduced by a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland or raised by parathyroid hormone. This element binds to troponin, which allows myosin to bind to actin, causing the sarcomere to contract. For 10 points, name this element which regulates muscle contraction and supports bone health.", "answer": "calcium [or Ca]", "page": "Calcium", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571943e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101948, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 267], [267, 332], [333, 397], [398, 525], [526, 673], [674, 825], [826, 930], [931, 1024]], "first_sentence": "Fibrillin-1 contains a type of epidermal growth factor-like domain which binds to this element.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This event is the subject of 75 sculptures of nude women by Suse Lowenstein, as well as the documentary film The Maltese Double Cross. In 2007, Ulrich Lumpert admitted to lying at the trial that followed this event, where he and Edwin Bollier were asked to identify a Mebo MST-13 timer. Syracuse University gives Remembrance Scholarships to 35 students each year to commemorate this event. Prior to this event, the US embassy in Helsinki received an anonymous phone call warning. The trial that followed this event hinged on the testimony of Maltese clothes shop owner Tony Gauci and ended with the conviction of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi, who was released from jail in 2009 to die of prostate cancer in his home country of Libya. For 10 points, identify this December 21, 1988 terrorist attack that killed all 259 people on board Pan Am Flight 103 and 11 residents of the namesake Scottish town where the plane crashed.", "answer": "Lockerbie bombing [or Lockerbie air disaster; or Pan Am Flight 103 until it is read]", "page": "Pan_Am_Flight_103", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b915409571943f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101949, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 286], [287, 389], [390, 479], [480, 726], [727, 916]], "first_sentence": "This event is the subject of 75 sculptures of nude women by Suse Lowenstein, as well as the documentary film The Maltese Double Cross.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The voice of one of this poet's speakers \"falls dead a foot from [his] own lips\" as he cries out to a vessel. The speaker of that poem looks \"far out into the pregnant night,\" where he can \"hear a solemn booming gun,\" and the poem begins by noting how \"out in the sky the dark clouds are massing\" and ends each stanza with the repeated words, \"passing, passing.\" The line \"G'way an' quit dat noise, Miss Lucy\" from this poet's \"When Malindy Sings\" exemplifies his use of dialect in poems he classified as \"minors\" to contrast with the normal-language \"majors\" in one collection. Another poem by this man invites the world to \"dream otherwise\" while the speakers resort to an object that \"hides our cheeks and shades our eyes\" and \"grins and lies.\" For 10 points, name this African American poet of \"Ships That Pass in the Night,\" \"We Wear the Mask\" and \"Sympathy,\" which claims, \"I know why the caged bird sings.\"", "answer": "Paul Laurence Dunbar", "page": "Paul_Laurence_Dunbar", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719440", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101950, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 361], [361, 578], [579, 747], [748, 913]], "first_sentence": "The voice of one of this poet's speakers \"falls dead a foot from [his] own lips\" as he cries out to a vessel.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This piece was premiered using soloist Felix Salmond, though the performance was met with scathing reviews after con- ductor Albert Coates wasted rehearsal time at the composer's expense. This work's adagio third movement concludes with a lyrical melody in B-flat major before transitioning into the more imposing B-flat minor opening of the finale without pause. This piece's adagio-moderato first movement opens with a recitative on the solo instrument followed immediately by a short cadenza. The six-bar main theme of this piece is then first carried by the violas in 9/8 time before it is echoed by the soloist. This piece was first recorded electronically with soloist Beatrice Harrison, though its most famous performance was conducted by John Barbirolli and recorded by a 20-year old female soloist. For 10 points, identify this piece popularized by Jacqueline du Pre, an E minor composition for orchestra and a string instrument written by the composer of the Enigma Variations.", "answer": "Edward Elgar's Cello Concerto in E Minor [or Cello Concerto in E minor until \"E minor\" is read and prompt thereafter; prompt on partial answers]", "page": "Cello_Concerto_(Elgar)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719441", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101951, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 363], [364, 495], [496, 616], [617, 807], [808, 987]], "first_sentence": "This piece was premiered using soloist Felix Salmond, though the performance was met with scathing reviews after con- ductor Albert Coates wasted rehearsal time at the composer's expense.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The academic study of these texts is the subject of an essay by Jean Jacques Waardenburg that seeks to determine whether there is a standard methodology for writing them. One of these texts states that distinct black and white threads represent the darkness of the night and the lightness of the day, while another notes that Jesus cannot be held accountable for being deified after his death and therefore is not part of the \"firewood of hell\" made from inanimate objects of worship. These texts are called diraya when they are based on ijtihad, or independent reasoning, and they are called riwaya when they're based on sources like the tabi'un and sahabah. Authors of these texts, exemplified by al-Zamakhshari and al-Tabari, are known as mufassirun. To be considered authoritative, those authors of these texts must have mastered fifteen fields of study, among which are fiqh and classical Arabic. These works include taw'il and tafsir. For 10 points, identify these texts that explain the meaning of passages from the holy book of Islam.", "answer": "commentaries on the Qur'an [or interpretations of the Qur'an; or Qur'anic exegeses; or word forms; or tafsir until it is read; prompt on partial answers]", "page": "The_English_Commentary_of_the_Holy_Quran", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719442", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101952, "tokenizations": [[0, 170], [171, 484], [485, 659], [660, 753], [754, 901], [902, 940], [941, 1042]], "first_sentence": "The academic study of these texts is the subject of an essay by Jean Jacques Waardenburg that seeks to determine whether there is a standard methodology for writing them.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A model of this process includes an ad hoc \"spike\" term that Drake and Calantoni added to the BBB formula. Another model of this process uses an equation with empirical constants determined by Meyer-Peter and Mu\u0308ller to calculate a dimen- sionless function defined by Hans Albert Einstein. The Rouse number determines the manner in which this process occurs. The Exner equation quantifies the conservation of mass during this process. The threshold at which this process begins can be found by plotting the explicit particle Reynolds number versus the boundary shear stress on a Shields diagram. Saltation is a form of this process in which particles are intermittently removed from the bed load. This process begins with entrainment, ends with settling, and is followed by deposition. For 10 points, name this process in which material that has been created through weathering or erosion travels to a new location.", "answer": "ediment transportation [or word forms; prompt on answers that suggest \"rocks are moving\" or \"rocks are travelling\"; do NOT accept or prompt on \"slope movement\", \"mass wasting\", or \"mass movement\"]", "page": "Sediment_transport", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719443", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101953, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 289], [290, 358], [359, 434], [435, 595], [596, 696], [697, 785], [786, 915]], "first_sentence": "A model of this process includes an ad hoc \"spike\" term that Drake and Calantoni added to the BBB formula.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This book includes an analysis of Robert Fludd's view that there is an evil component in God in a chapter about conflicts in medieval thought. Its chapter on sufficient reason argues that Leibniz's theory of monads illustrates his belief that God is not responsible for creation. This 1936 book is a collection of eleven of its author's William James lectures and draws on its author's earlier Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity. This study argues that Aristotle was the first to articulate the belief that intermediate things between two things will always exist, which it calls the \"Principle of Continuity.\" That principle, along with the idea that all things that are not self-contradictions will always exist, which is called the \"Principle of Plenitude,\" is used to examine the Alexander Pope inspired title concept. For 10 points, name this analysis of the hierarchical principle throughout intellectual history, authored by Arthur Lovejoy.", "answer": "The Great Chain of Being", "page": "Great_chain_of_being", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719444", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101954, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 279], [280, 437], [438, 618], [619, 830], [831, 955]], "first_sentence": "This book includes an analysis of Robert Fludd's view that there is an evil component in God in a chapter about conflicts in medieval thought.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Three brothers who ruled this polity had the awesome nicknames \"Achilles,\" \"Irontooth,\" and \"the Alchemist.\" The Treaty of Eltville ended a civil war in this polity that pitted the pretender \"False Waldemar\" against Louis I of the Wittelsbach dynasty. This polity's founder won a succession war after the death of the Hevelli prince Pribislav-Henry and made a red eagle its heraldic symbol. That member of the House of Ascania created this polity out of the Northern March and was named Albert the Bear. This polity gained control of Ravensberg and Cleves-Mark in the Treaty of Xanten under a ruler whose daughter Maria Eleonora married Gustavus Adolphus. That margrave of this polity, John Sigismund, was the grandfather of Frederick William the Great Elector. 10 points, name this polity in present-day northeastern Germany that formed a personal union with the Duchy of Prussia during the 17th century.", "answer": "Electorate of Brandenburg [or March of Brandenburg; or Margraviate of Brandenburg; or Brandenburg-Prussia; do NOT accept or prompt on \"Prussia\" or \"Province of Brandenburg\"]", "page": "Margraviate_of_Brandenburg", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b84f70b9154095719445", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101955, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [107, 251], [252, 390], [391, 503], [504, 655], [656, 761], [762, 905]], "first_sentence": "Three brothers who ruled this polity had the awesome nicknames \"Achilles,\" \"Irontooth,\" and \"the Alchemist.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One novel by this author abruptly ends with a colon as the philosophy teacher Ulisses is about to speak. In another novel by this author, a man shows off his strength to a woman by lifting her over his head with one hand, but then drops her into the mud. That novel by this author centers on a woman who lives on a diet of hot dogs and Coca-Cola and dies just after visiting the fortune teller Madame Carlota when she is hit by a yellow Mercedes. In a short story by this author, the explorer Marcel Pretre writes a newspaper article about a pregnant Likouala woman who is forty-five centimeters tall. This author of \"The Smallest Woman in the World\" wrote a novel whose title character has an existential crisis in the abandoned room of her maid Janair after slamming the wardrobe door on a cockroach, which she then eats. For 10 points, name this Brazilian author of The Hour of the Star and The Passion According to G.H.", "answer": "Clarice Lispector", "page": "Clarice_Lispector", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719446", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101956, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 254], [255, 446], [447, 601], [602, 823], [824, 923]], "first_sentence": "One novel by this author abruptly ends with a colon as the philosophy teacher Ulisses is about to speak.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man wrote his doctoral dissertation on the Colorado Coalfield War and chaired the committee that produced the report Dietary Goals for the United States. He also chaired a commission that established the modern process by which his party selects delegates for national conventions, named for him and Donald Fraser. This man declared \"this chamber reeks of blood\" in a Senate speech supporting an amendment to end American military involvement in Vietnam that he co-sponsored with Mark Hatfield. He was attacked for supporting \"amnesty, abortion, and acid\" during a campaign in which he claimed to be \"1,000 percent behind\" former electroshock therapy recipient Thomas Eagleton, but quickly dropped Eagleton as running mate in favor of Sargent Shriver. For 10 points, name this Democrat from South Dakota who lost every state but Massachusetts in the presidential election of 1972.", "answer": "George Stanley McGovern", "page": "George_McGovern", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719447", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101957, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 319], [320, 499], [500, 756], [757, 885]], "first_sentence": "This man wrote his doctoral dissertation on the Colorado Coalfield War and chaired the committee that produced the report Dietary Goals for the United States.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a novel by this author, a character bursts into tears after overhearing a joke about her getting abducted by a black tam- bourine player. In another novel by this author, a character drowns while fighting a schoolteacher, and earlier provides a false affidavit against a man who makes a living robbing drowned bodies. This author wrote a novel in which a character teams up with the hangman Ned Dennis to abduct two girls during an event in which both of his legs are crushed. Another of his characters marries Bella Wilfer after being fired by Mr. Boffin, and changes his last name from Harmon to Rokesmith after a body mistaken for his is found by Gaffer Hexam. One of this author's title characters has a raven that repeats the phrase \"Never say die!\" named Grip, and works at the Maypole Inn in a novel set largely during the Gordon Riots. For 10 points, name this author of Our Mutual Friend and Barnaby Rudge.", "answer": "Charles Dickens [or Charles John Huffam Dickens]", "page": "Charles_Dickens", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719448", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101958, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 320], [321, 479], [480, 666], [667, 757], [758, 846], [847, 918]], "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, a character bursts into tears after overhearing a joke about her getting abducted by a black tam- bourine player.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This technique can be applied to study membrane-bound ion channels by tagging parts of the channel with nitro groups and using this method to approximate the distance. This method was used to measure the effects of symmetry-enhanced or forbidden hyperconjugation in cyclic systems by David Whiffen. High-frequency and parallel-mode variants of this technique are used to probe intermediates in the catalytic cycles of ribonucleotide reductase and phenylalanine hydroxylase. Information on the coupling between the centers studied in this technique and their environment can be studied using pulsed ENDOR. Peak splitting in this technique is caused by hyperfine coupling. Absorbances in this technique occur in multiples of the Bohr magneton times the magnetic field strength times the Lande g-factor. This technique is analogous to NMR, but it studies the spins of electrons rather than nuclei. For 10 points, name this method used to probe unpaired electron systems such as free radicals.", "answer": "EPR spectroscopy [or electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; or electron spin resonance spectroscopy; or ESR spectroscopy]", "page": "Electron_paramagnetic_resonance", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719449", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101959, "tokenizations": [[0, 167], [168, 298], [299, 473], [474, 604], [605, 670], [671, 800], [801, 894], [895, 989]], "first_sentence": "This technique can be applied to study membrane-bound ion channels by tagging parts of the channel with nitro groups and using this method to approximate the distance.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An expert on this language, Larry Trask, died while completing an etymological dictionary of it. Theo Vennemann pointed to this language's vigesimal counting system as evidence that it is the survivor of a far-reaching substratum. A classification of the dialects of this language was created by Louis Lucien Bonaparte, who argued that this language has a number of words for tools based on the root word for \"stone\" in the so-called aizkora controversy. A \"proto\" form of this language was reconstructed by Koldo Mitxelena. Intransitive verbs in this language are conjugated with the irregular verb izan. In the seventeenth century, a pidgin of this language was brought by sailors from its homeland to Iceland. Dialects of this language include Zuberoan and Gipuzkoan, while its standard form was developed in the 1960s and is named Batua. For 10 points, name this language isolate spoken by an autonomous region of the Pyrenees.", "answer": "Basque [or Euskara; or El Vasco; or Navarrese; or Biscayan; or Vascuence]", "page": "Basques", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571944a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101960, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 230], [231, 454], [455, 524], [525, 605], [606, 712], [713, 841], [842, 931]], "first_sentence": "An expert on this language, Larry Trask, died while completing an etymological dictionary of it.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A cleaning of this rectangular painting revealed that it was originally intended to be a ceiling painting with its corners cut so that its final shape is octagonal. This painting, which was originally painted for the Scuola Grande, depicts a marble temple in the background whose fac\u0327ade consists of four pilasters that have human forms as tops. A man in this painting is about to be blinded for travelling to Alexandria to venerate a certain saint. On its right side, a knight of Provence sits on a throne and gives orders to a white-turbaned man, whose two hands clutch a broken hammer. At the top of this painting, which depicts a man who is about to be tortured and executed, a red-robed, orange-caped saint intervenes from the skies. For 10 points, name this painting in which St. Mark descends and frees the title servant, the first mature masterpiece of Tintoretto.", "answer": "The Miracle of the Slave [or St. Mark Freeing a Christian Slave; or The Miracle of St. Mark]", "page": "Miracle_of_the_Slave_(Tintoretto)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571944b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101961, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 345], [346, 449], [450, 588], [589, 738], [739, 872]], "first_sentence": "A cleaning of this rectangular painting revealed that it was originally intended to be a ceiling painting with its corners cut so that its final shape is octagonal.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A force in this conflict was supported by Walter Espec, but he changed his mind after his nephew Jordan de Bussey was abandoned at the fortress of Wark. Another man switched sides after his property, including Walden Castle, was seized and he was arrested. That man, Geoffrey de Mandeville, may be referenced in the eyewitness account of this conflict in the Peterbor- ough Chronicle. It saw the early victory of Archbishop Thurstan at the Battle of the Standard, while Robert of Gloucester was exchanged for a captive following the Rout of Winchester. To escape a siege on Oxford castle, a certain female walked across the frozen Thames during this conflict, which ended when the Battle of Lincoln led to signing of the Treaty of Wallingford. It was initiated by the sinking of a ship killing William Adelin, the only heir of Henry I. For 10 points, name this succession struggle between Stephen of Blois and Empress Matilda, a nineteen-year civil war in England.", "answer": "The Anarchy [or Nineteen-Year War or Nineteen-Year Winter until \"nineteen\" is read]", "page": "The_Anarchy", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571944c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101962, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 256], [257, 384], [385, 552], [553, 743], [744, 835], [836, 964]], "first_sentence": "A force in this conflict was supported by Walter Espec, but he changed his mind after his nephew Jordan de Bussey was abandoned at the fortress of Wark.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A prostitute delivers a monologue to this play's protagonist in which she describes looking through a window at the drowned body of a past lover and concludes, \"the person who enjoys the most, prays the most.\" The title character of this play tells his wife that in order for them to know each other, they would need to crack open their skulls and manually draw out thoughts from their brains. That protagonist of this play refers to his body as a \"broken fiddle\" after being condemned to death for plotting to blow up the National Convention. In this play, Lucile Desmoulins yells out, \"Long live the King!\" during her husband's execution. In the first act of this play, a member of the Jacobin Club delivers a monologue advocating for the use of weapons of terror, and later uses the Revolutionary Tribunal to oversee the execution of this play's title character. For 10 points, name this historical play in which Robespierre is responsible for the title event, a work by Georg Bu\u0308chner.", "answer": "Danton's Death [or Dantons Tod]", "page": "Danton's_Death", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571944d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101963, "tokenizations": [[0, 209], [210, 393], [394, 543], [544, 608], [609, 640], [641, 865], [866, 989]], "first_sentence": "A prostitute delivers a monologue to this play's protagonist in which she describes looking through a window at the drowned body of a past lover and concludes, \"the person who enjoys the most, prays the most.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a piano work by this composer, three fortississimo eighth-note chords and five descending dotted half-note pianissimo chords coming to rest on a third inversion of a C major chord precede a stormy coda. A book criticizing assertions that this man's works have no extra-musical significance is titled for this composer \"at the boundaries,\" and was written by Jeffrey Kallberg. When performing this man's music, Nikita Magaloff preferred to use this man's original manuscripts rather than the ones compiled by Julian Fontana after his death. Rachmaninoff wrote twenty-two variations on one of this composer's Opus 28 preludes. Another of this composer's works uses a recurring A-flat to evoke the effect of nasty weather experienced on a trip to Majorca with George Sand. For 10 points, name this composer of four ballades, the \"Raindrop Prelude\", and the \"Revolutionary E\u0301tude.\"", "answer": "Fre\u0301de\u0301ric Chopin [or Fre\u0301de\u0301ric Franc\u0327ois Chopin; or Fryderyk Franciszek Szopen]", "page": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric_Chopin", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571944e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101964, "tokenizations": [[0, 205], [206, 378], [379, 542], [543, 627], [628, 772], [773, 880]], "first_sentence": "In a piano work by this composer, three fortississimo eighth-note chords and five descending dotted half-note pianissimo chords coming to rest on a third inversion of a C major chord precede a stormy coda.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One disease of this organ causes cancer patients who take irinotecan to experience severe diarrhea. The Child-Pugh and MELD scores are used to assess damage to this organ. Pericellular connective tissue acquires a \"chicken-wire\" appearance in one condition affecting this organ; that condition is also characterized by a type of apoptosis of parenchymal cells called ballooning degeneration. The copper-carrying protein ceruloplasmin is produced in this organ. Growth hormone stimulates the production of IGF-1 in this organ. In addition to the lungs, this organ is damaged as a result of A1AT deficiency. Fatty acids are broken down in this organ to produce ketone bodies. The space of Disse separates this organ's namesake cells from its sinusoids, which receive blood from the portal vein. Gluconeogenesis takes place in, for 10 points, what organ whose failure can lead to jaundice and can be caused by hepatitis?", "answer": "liver", "page": "Liver", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571944f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101965, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 171], [172, 391], [392, 460], [461, 525], [526, 605], [606, 673], [674, 792], [793, 917]], "first_sentence": "One disease of this organ causes cancer patients who take irinotecan to experience severe diarrhea.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "All officers appointed by this ruler were required to make five promises, among them that they not eat sifted flour or ride Turkic horses. After his armies surrounded a city in Aelia, this ruler delivered a namesake \"assurance\" to Patriarch Sophronius. He set up an institution for administration of taxes called the Bayt al-mal, and negotiated a probably-apocryphal treaty listing the rights of dhimmis in Christian Syria, known as his namesake \"pact.\" He died after being stabbed in the navel by the slave Piruz Nahavandi, and introduced the practice of performing the adhan. One of his generals won the Battle of Yarmouk over emperor Heraclius; that general is Khalid ibn al-Walid. His army also defeated Yazdegerd III in the process of conquering Sassanid Persia at the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah. For 10 points, name this predecessor of Uthman and the successor of Abu Bakr, who was the second rightly guided caliph of the Rashidun.", "answer": "Umar ibn al-Khattab [or Omar]", "page": "Umar", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719450", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101966, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 252], [253, 453], [454, 577], [578, 684], [685, 798], [799, 934]], "first_sentence": "All officers appointed by this ruler were required to make five promises, among them that they not eat sifted flour or ride Turkic horses.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Charles Dacre Parsons, the son of Talcott Parsons, wrote an essay about Immanuel Kant's use of spatio-temporality as it relates to this discipline. In an essay found in Meaning and Method, Alexander Esenin-Volpin and Edward Nelson promote an extreme form of the philosophy of this field called ultrafinitism. In a work that discusses meta-theories of this field, Stephen Kleene considered whether the foundations of L.E.J. Brouwer's intuitionist program were valid. A realist argument that we must be ontologically committed to objects used in this discipline is known as the Quine-Putnam indispensability thesis. A philosophical treatise named for this discipline posits a paradox involving the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. For 10 points, a logical basis for what discipline is the subject of a collaboration by Bertrand Russell and Alfred North White- head?", "answer": "mathematics [or arithmetic; or the use of numbers; prompt on \"science\", \"logic\", and \"set theory\"]", "page": "Mathematics", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719451", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101967, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 308], [309, 465], [466, 613], [614, 747], [748, 882]], "first_sentence": "Charles Dacre Parsons, the son of Talcott Parsons, wrote an essay about Immanuel Kant's use of spatio-temporality as it relates to this discipline.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This object is listed between \"Grani's fair burden\" and \"the down of Grafvitnir\" in a poem from the Bjarkamal. A dwarf with the same name as this entity is the first of the list of Dvalin's throng in the \"Dvergatal\" of the Voluspo, the only reference to this object's name in eddic poetry. In the Skirnismal, Skirnir offers eleven golden apples and this item to Gymir's daughter Gerd on behalf of Freyr. During the creation of this object, its creator was bitten on the neck by a fly. Hermod brings this artifact back to Asgard from Hel after it was thrown onto the funeral pyre of Baldr. It was created as part of a wager between Loki and Brokkr and Sindri, who forge this artifact along with Gullinbursti and Mjo\u0308lnir. Like Andvaranaut, this annular artifact also produces eight similar objects of the same weight every ninth night. For 10 points, name this magic golden ring initially possessed by Odin.", "answer": "Draupnir", "page": "Draupnir", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719452", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101968, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 289], [290, 403], [404, 484], [485, 588], [589, 720], [721, 834], [835, 906]], "first_sentence": "This object is listed between \"Grani's fair burden\" and \"the down of Grafvitnir\" in a poem from the Bjarkamal.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author used the line \"The bottle crashed his skull and he was out\" to depict a man's death in a bar-room; that line was praised by Sartre in an essay calling this author \"the greatest writer of our time.\" Another novel by this author ends with the pages of the composition \"The Body and Soul of John Brown\" blowing off a desk as a character is arrested for desertion. One section of a novel by this author opens with the declaration, \"they have clubbed us off the streets\" and later states, \"all right we are two nations\" in response to the executions of Sacco and Vanzetti. Another novel by this author ends with a section about the dead body of the soldier John Doe at Chalons-sur-Marne. The public relations executive J. Ward Moorehouse appears in his best-known work, which includes journalistic \"Newsreels\" and impressionistic \"Camera Eye\" sections. For 10 points, name this author of Three Soldiers and the U.S.A. Trilogy.", "answer": "John Dos Passos [or John Roderigo Dos Passos; do not accept or prompt on \"( John) Passos\"]", "page": "John_Dos_Passos", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719453", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101969, "tokenizations": [[0, 209], [210, 372], [373, 579], [580, 694], [695, 859], [860, 933]], "first_sentence": "This author used the line \"The bottle crashed his skull and he was out\" to depict a man's death in a bar-room; that line was praised by Sartre in an essay calling this author \"the greatest writer of our time.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This equation is connected to the \"modified\" version of this equation via the Miura transform. While this equation possesses an infinite number of conservation laws, a related equation proposed by Benjamin, Bona, and Mahony only possesses three. This equation is integrable via the inverse scattering transform for the 1-dimensional Schrodinger equation. A 2+1 dimensional analogue of this equation is the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation. For a function f of one spatial dimension and time, this equation sets f-sub-t plus alpha f times f-sub-x plus f-sub-x-x-x to zero. A hyperbolic-secant-squared solution to this equation is one of the first discovered examples of soliton behavior. For 10 points, name this doubly eponymous nonlinear PDE used to model shallow water waves.", "answer": "Korteweg-de Vries equation [or KdV equation]", "page": "Korteweg\u2013de_Vries_equation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719454", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101970, "tokenizations": [[0, 94], [95, 245], [246, 354], [355, 438], [439, 570], [571, 685], [686, 776]], "first_sentence": "This equation is connected to the \"modified\" version of this equation via the Miura transform.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During a meeting of the Executive of the International, this leader was repeatedly insulted by another leader for his \"stupid mistakes,\" such as his support of Nestor Makhno. This man's government was supported by a group of leather-jacket clad enforcers called the Lenin Boys. After being released from prison, he came to power after the issuance of the Vix Note, demanding that the eastern limits of his country be pushed inward. In collaboration with Zinoviev, he supported a failed KPD- led workers' uprising in Germany called the \"March Action.\" He controlled most of the power as Commissar of Foreign Affairs in a government nominally headed by Sa\u0301ndor Garbai. This man's coalition brought down the \"Democratic Republic\" led by Miha\u0301ly Ka\u0301rolyi, but he was exiled to Vienna after being overthrown in 1919 by forces led by Miklo\u0301s Horthy. For 10 points, name this communist leader of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic.", "answer": "Be\u0301la Kun", "page": "B\u00e9la_Kun", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719455", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101971, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 277], [278, 431], [432, 550], [551, 666], [667, 843], [844, 931]], "first_sentence": "During a meeting of the Executive of the International, this leader was repeatedly insulted by another leader for his \"stupid mistakes,\" such as his support of Nestor Makhno.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Zoroastrians celebrate this event by performing the Haft-Sin, in which they set a table with seven items that are chosen because they all start with the latter \"S\" in Arabic. That tradition celebrating this event was initiated by King Jamshid on the day that he was raised up into the heavens on a throne of jewels. A Yoruban custom of celebrating this event is now called the Odunde Festival. Shinto practitioners have gatherings called shinenkai to celebrate this event on gantan-sai, and Tibetans refer to it as Losar. Other rituals performed on this day include the playing of a dice game called \"fish-prawn-crab,\" and the throwing of bread crumbs into a flowing body of water. Elders give red envelopes filled with money to their children in a Vietnamese custom on this day, which is the first of the Jewish High Holy Days. For 10 points, name this celebration which includes the Tet holiday and Rosh Hashanah.", "answer": "New Year's Day [or answers about festivals in honor of the New Year; or New Year's Eve]", "page": "New_Year's_Day", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719456", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101972, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 315], [316, 393], [394, 521], [522, 681], [682, 828], [829, 915]], "first_sentence": "Zoroastrians celebrate this event by performing the Haft-Sin, in which they set a table with seven items that are chosen because they all start with the latter \"S\" in Arabic.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The \"Rotating Staircase Deadline\" one of these programs led Ingo Molnar to replace the \"big oh of 1\" version of this type of program with the Completely Fair type. Windows NT and Mac OS X both use a multilevel feedback queue to implement this type of program, of which the medium-term type is responsible for swapping in and out. The short-term form of one type of this program relies on a dispatcher for context-switching and CPU control. That type of this program relies on a programmable interval timer. The preemptive type of this program is distinguished from the cooperative type, because the former responds to interrupts. The priority type of this program can lead to starvation, while the round-robin method for this type of program allocates a quantum to each process. This type of program is used to achieve load balance in a multitasking system. For 10 points, name this type of program that allocates computing time to processes.", "answer": "process scheduler [or scheduling algorithms; or word forms]", "page": "Scheduling_(computing)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719457", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101973, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 329], [330, 439], [440, 506], [507, 629], [630, 778], [779, 857], [858, 942]], "first_sentence": "The \"Rotating Staircase Deadline\" one of these programs led Ingo Molnar to replace the \"big oh of 1\" version of this type of program with the Completely Fair type.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This was the popular nickname of James Cole, a Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan who attacked the Lumbee Indians in North Carolina in the late 1950s, only to get routed. One of these animals is the only member of the genus Satan, while another called the Candiru, or Vandellia Cirrhosa, is a parasite native to Brazil and Bolivia. One of them named Namazu causes earthquakes in Japanese legend, and Slue-Foot Sue rode one with just one hand while taking pot shots at the clouds with her six-shooter. This animal and a chisel represent the name of Menes on the Narmer Palette. This animal's maxilla exists only to support its barbels, which are the proper name for its most recognizable feature. The Great Mekong type is revered in Thailand. The setting of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess is named after, for 10 points, what group of fish whose Channel type is a Southern delicacy, and which appear to have whiskers?", "answer": "catfish [prompt on \"fish\"]", "page": "Catfish", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719458", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101974, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 329], [330, 498], [499, 574], [575, 693], [694, 739], [740, 915]], "first_sentence": "This was the popular nickname of James Cole, a Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan who attacked the Lumbee Indians in North Carolina in the late 1950s, only to get routed.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One work by this poet grumpily declares, \"I hate the bard who strolls along / And sells in streets his borrowed song,\" while another describes how \"thrice the thrifty earth has drank the wine\" of a host with a \"secret wound deep- rankling in his breast.\" A poem originally by this author is about a woman who \"with curious and enlarged eye / surveyed the splendid glories of the sky\" and uses a braid of hair to narrate the wedding night of a new queen. A translation of that poem, \"Berenice's Lock,\" comprises Catullus 66. This poet used the phrase \"mega biblion, mega kakon,\" or \"big book, big evil,\" in a debate about the proper length of poems with his student Apollonius of Rhodes. The opening line of Ezra Pound's \"Homage to Sextus Propertius\" refers to the \"shades\" of this poet, who wrote the Pinakes, an extensive record of the holdings of the Library of Alexandria. For 10 points, name this Cyrenaic poet who wrote about the \"causes\" of things in his Aetia.", "answer": "Callimachus", "page": "Callimachus", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719459", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101975, "tokenizations": [[0, 77], [78, 254], [255, 453], [454, 523], [524, 686], [687, 875], [876, 967]], "first_sentence": "One work by this poet grumpily declares, \"I hate the bard who strolls along /", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The colonial treasury of this U.S. state, housed at the mansion of Stephen Skinner, was robbed in 1768, resulting in a loss of 6,750 pounds. Its patriots have included Philemon Dickinson and Captain Joshua Huddy, whose lynching led to the Asgill Affair. A mayor in this state, Mark Fagan, led a Progressive offshoot of the Republican Party called the New Idea Movement. Its governor Peter D. Vroom was one of five men involved in this state's election controversy called the Broad Seal War. This state's first income tax was implemented by a much later governor, Brendan Byrne. It's the subject of the book \"The Traitor State\" by Lincoln Steffens, who denounced the family of its politician Theodore Frelinghuysen. A mansion in this state, Drumthwacket, is now the official residence of its governors, like James Florio and a woman who became the EPA director under George W. Bush. For 10 points, name this state governed by Christine Todd Whitman, Woodrow Wilson, and Chris Christie.", "answer": "New Jersey [or NJ]", "page": "New_Jersey", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571945a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101976, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 253], [254, 369], [370, 490], [491, 577], [578, 714], [715, 881], [882, 984]], "first_sentence": "The colonial treasury of this U.S. state, housed at the mansion of Stephen Skinner, was robbed in 1768, resulting in a loss of 6,750 pounds.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one film by this director, four young people wearing stocking masks jump into a pool repeatedly then eventually disappear; later a man and a woman come to the title location and are turned into statues. A sculpture by this manwas inspired by a certain novel's line about the chance meeting of an umbrella on a dissecting table. With an alphabetically prior artist, this director of The Mysteries of the Chateau of Dice can be seen playing a game of chess, then suddenly disappearing in Rene Clair's Entr'acte. This artist's 1919 gouache called Seguidilla was the first of his \"aerographs,\" which he made using an airbrush. He wrapped a sewing machine in an army blanket and tied it with yellow string to create The Enigma of Isidore Ducasse. He painted f-holes onto the back of a photograph of Kiki Montparnasse to create The Violin of Ingres. Known for photographing Marcel Duchamp as Rrose Selavy, for 10 points, identify this surrealist and Dadaist who was born Emmanuel Radnitzky.", "answer": "Man Ray [or Emmanuel Radnitzky until it is read]", "page": "Man_Ray", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571945b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101977, "tokenizations": [[0, 205], [206, 330], [331, 512], [513, 625], [626, 744], [745, 846], [847, 987]], "first_sentence": "In one film by this director, four young people wearing stocking masks jump into a pool repeatedly then eventually disappear; later a man and a woman come to the title location and are turned into statues.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In exchange for donations, this politician helped the former Iron Guard member Nicolae Malaxa start an oil factory in his home state. While getting into a car with Anna Chennault, this man cracked his forehead open on the door and bled all over her dress. This man's presidency witnessed the Hard Hat Riot, where his support for construction workers led him to appoint Peter Brennan as his Secretary of Labor. He won an early political campaign by deriding his opponent, Helen Gahagan Douglas, as \"The Pink Lady.\" His aide Donald Segretti coined the name for the tactic of \"ratfucking,\" and was a member of a fundraising organization for this politician headed by his Attorney General John Mitchell. During a speech, he referred to drug use as \"public enemy number one.\" For 10 points, name this politician who also delivered the \"Checkers Speech\" and resigned after the Watergate scandal.", "answer": "Richard Milhous Nixon", "page": "Richard_Nixon", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571945c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101978, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 255], [256, 409], [410, 513], [514, 699], [700, 770], [771, 889]], "first_sentence": "In exchange for donations, this politician helped the former Iron Guard member Nicolae Malaxa start an oil factory in his home state.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A work titled The Future of this book's author argues that its \"plastic\" thought easily allows for the theory of temporality to be applied to European philosophy - that dissertation on this book is by Catherine Malabou. In 1866, William Torrey Harris founded the Journal of Speculative Philosophy to explicate this text's ideas, such as the \"Notion of the Thing,\" as part of the St. Louis school. Jacques Lacan's theory of desire was inspired by a series of lectures about reading this work, which discusses how a certain figure's quest for self-mastery is caused by his need for recognition since that need is greater than the fear of death; those lectures on it were delivered by Alexandre Kojeve. This text uses the term \"sublation,\" or aufhebung, to describe the movement from opposition to unification, through a dialectical process. For 10 points, name this philosophical book authored by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.", "answer": "The Phenomenology of Spirit [or Phenomenology of Mind; or Pha\u0308nomenologie des Geistes]", "page": "The_Phenomenology_of_Spirit", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571945d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101979, "tokenizations": [[0, 219], [220, 396], [397, 699], [700, 838], [839, 925]], "first_sentence": "A work titled The Future of this book's author argues that its \"plastic\" thought easily allows for the theory of temporality to be applied to European philosophy - that dissertation on this book is by Catherine Malabou.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Michael Bader developed cache-oblivious algorithms feature matrices whose element order is based on this type of function. Exotic examples of these functions include Dekking's Church, an entity surrounded by \"fudgeflakes,\" the Harter-Heighway dragon, and Bill Gosper's \"flowsnake.\" E.H. Moore modified the procedure to make one of these functions to incorporate its looping step early, but that made its underlying L-system representation more complex. If a space is compact, connected, locally connected, and second countable, then one of these functions exists for that space by the Hahn-Mazurkiewicz theorem. Procedures for making these functions with Hausdorff dimension of two have been given by Waclaw Sierpinski and David Hilbert. A mapping from the unit interval to the unit square comprises, for 10 points, what shapes discovered by Giuseppe Peano that completely pervade a square?", "answer": "space filling curves [or space filling transformation; or a Peano space until it is read, prompt on \"fractals\"]", "page": "Space-filling_curve", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571945e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101980, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 281], [282, 452], [453, 611], [612, 737], [738, 890]], "first_sentence": "Michael Bader developed cache-oblivious algorithms feature matrices whose element order is based on this type of function.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character with this job states that he had a vision of a child who died less than two weeks ago being borne up to heaven while talking to the child's mother. That man with this job uses the examples of Darius drunkenly shooting his knight's son, Cyrus destroying the river Gysen, and a judge condemning three knights to their death as examples of the negative effects of anger. In that story, a member of this profession puts his hand down Thomas's back in order to receive a gift that he can divide evenly. The prologue to that story depicts an angel asking Satan to lift his tail, after which 20,000 of these people fly out of his ass. A squire suggests that a man of this profession acquire a cartwheel to perform the aforementioned division when the gift turns out to be a fart. The Summoner tells a mocking tale about members of this profession after one of them tells a similar tale about a summoner. For 10 points, the Wife of Bath's tale is followed by a tale by a member of what mendicant religious occupation?", "answer": "friars [or frere; or limiter; or lymytour]", "page": "Friar", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571945f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101981, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 379], [380, 509], [510, 639], [640, 784], [785, 908], [909, 1021]], "first_sentence": "A character with this job states that he had a vision of a child who died less than two weeks ago being borne up to heaven while talking to the child's mother.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This city is the setting of the psychedelic anti-war film Throw Away Your Books, Rally in the Streets.A \"sonata\" named for this city follows a man who dresses up in a suit and leaves his home every morning to continue the charade that he is still employed. The Italian aircraft designer Caproni inspires Jiro to study at a university in this city in a film which takes its title from a Paul Valery poem,The Wind Rises. While leaving a cafe\u0301 in this city, a deaf-teenage girl flashes her crotch at the boy who hit on her in one of the storylines from Alejandro Gonza\u0301lez In\u0303a\u0301rritu's Babel. A couple takes a guided bus tour then climbs stairs to go to the roof of a department store to see a panorama of this city; in that film the couple's daughter-in-law, but not their son, shows them hospitality when they visit this city. The now defunct Studio Ghibli was based in, for 10 points, what city, the setting of many of Yasujiro Ozu's masterpieces?", "answer": "Tokyo", "page": "Tokyo", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719460", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101982, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 102], [102, 256], [257, 418], [419, 589], [590, 825], [826, 947]], "first_sentence": "This city is the setting of the psychedelic anti-war film Throw Away", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One letter addressed to this ruler discussed the problem of merchants who mingle among pilgrims, demanding that those false pilgrims pay road tolls, while another letter addressed to him discussed the expulsion of a priest for eating meat during Lent. This king expanded his territory by winning the Battle of Bensington, and founded an abbey at Winchcombe, which contains the Monk's Walk. He convinced Pope Adrian I to split the Archdiocese of Canterbury into two halves. His daughter was set to be married to Charles the Younger, until it was called off because this ruler offended Charlemagne. This king introduced the silver penny as currency during his reign, and depicted his allegedly-evil wife Cynethryth on the coin. He took power by defeating Beornred in a civil war after the murder of Aethelbald in 757 CE. This king is also known for marking the boundary between Wales and his territory by digging a 149-mile long series of ditches. For 10 points, name this great king of Mercia who built his namesake Dyke.", "answer": "Offa of Mercia", "page": "Offa_of_Mercia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719461", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101983, "tokenizations": [[0, 251], [252, 389], [390, 472], [473, 596], [597, 725], [726, 818], [819, 945], [946, 1020]], "first_sentence": "One letter addressed to this ruler discussed the problem of merchants who mingle among pilgrims, demanding that those false pilgrims pay road tolls, while another letter addressed to him discussed the expulsion of a priest for eating meat during Lent.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This deity is celebrated at a festival in which men place barley seeds on their caps or behind their ears. The Hindustani equivalent of the pentatonic ragam Shudhha Saveri is named for this deity. Guru Gobind Singh wrote a ballad about this deity titled Chandi di Var. While sipping from a wine cup, this goddess slew Mahishasura with a trident, when that demon attacked her as a buffalo. In Gujarat, her worship takes the form of the garba dance during the festival of Navratri. A temple dedicated to her is called the National Temple of Bangladesh. Her namesake puja involves immersing her idol in water, starting the same night as Navratri, which celebrates the nine forms of this goddess of Shakti. Commonly depicted riding a lion or a tiger, this goddess resides on Mount Kashi as a form of Parvati, along with her husband Shiva. For 10 points, name this invincible Hindu goddess who represents the victory of good over evil.", "answer": "Durga [or Narayani; or Padmanabha-Sahodari; or Parvati or Shakti until \"Mahishasura\" is read and prompt thereafter; prompt on \"Devi\"]", "page": "Durga", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719462", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101984, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 196], [197, 268], [269, 388], [389, 479], [480, 550], [551, 702], [703, 834], [835, 930]], "first_sentence": "This deity is celebrated at a festival in which men place barley seeds on their caps or behind their ears.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character and an assistant are told a story in which a man finds a jar of formaldehyde containing an adult's amputated vestigial sixth fingers. This character's roommate tells him a story in which the roommate's father encounters a jazz pianist who possesses a \"death token\" that allows him to see people's auras. This character has a bizarre erotic dream in which the two girls he's having sex with suddenly morph into that roommate, who later disappears and leaves this character a box set of Liszt piano suites. This character's girlfriend is a travel agent named Sara who helps him book tickets to Finland, where he meets the sculptor Edvard Haatainen. After much searching, this train station designer learns that a fabricated rape accusation was what led his college friends, who went by nicknames meaning \"red\", \"blue\", \"white\", and \"black\", to cut off all contact with him. For 10 points, name this \"colorless\" character whose \"years of pilgrimage\" are chronicled in a 2013 novel by Haruki Murakami.", "answer": "Tsukuru Tazaki [accept either underlined portion]", "page": "Colorless_Tsukuru_Tazaki_and_His_Years_of_Pilgrimage", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719463", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101985, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 318], [319, 519], [520, 661], [662, 886], [887, 1012]], "first_sentence": "This character and an assistant are told a story in which a man finds a jar of formaldehyde containing an adult's amputated vestigial sixth fingers.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Antibodies to an enzyme in this family produce the P-ANCA staining pattern around the nucleus in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. That enzyme in this family is responsible for the green color of green sputum. One family of these enzymes is characterized by a catalytic triad of glutamine, tryptophan, and selenocysteine. Along with lysozyme and lactoferrin, an enzyme in this family kills bacteria in saliva and milk. One enzyme in this family is targeted by antibodies in Hashimoto's disease and \"organifies\" iodine in the thyroid. One of these enzymes produces hypochlorous acid during the respiratory burst of neutrophils. They're not phosphatases, but an enzyme in this class is a commonly-used reporter enzyme in ELISA and Western blots, and was isolated from the roots of horseradish. These enzymes act on the same substrate as catalase, and catalyze the production of two alcohols by breaking an oxygen-oxygen single bond. For 10 points, name these enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of H2O2.", "answer": "peroxidase [or haloperoxidase; or lactoperoxidase; or myeloperoxidase; or glutathione peroxidase; or horseradish peroxidase]", "page": "Peroxidase", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719464", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101986, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 215], [216, 327], [328, 424], [425, 539], [540, 632], [633, 797], [798, 936], [937, 1009]], "first_sentence": "Antibodies to an enzyme in this family produce the P-ANCA staining pattern around the nucleus in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One member of this circle discussed the sociology of creating art in Art Worlds and examined a semi-professional jazz group that gave rise to the \"culture of a deviant group\" in his book Outsiders. Another member of this group pioneered Grounded Theory with Barney Glaser. A third member examined \"pioneers of German social policy\" who sought to secure a welfare state in his book The Cameralists, while another member outlined the commuter zone, residential zone, and the working men zone as part of his Concentric Zone model. This group included Howard Becker, Anselm Strauss, Ernest Burgess and Albion Small, the last of whom established it. Another of its influential members laid the groundwork for symbolic interactionism with his book Mind, Self, and Society. For 10 points, George Herbert Mead was a member of what group of sociologists that all taught at a certain university in the Midwest?", "answer": "University of Chicago", "page": "University_of_Chicago", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719465", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101987, "tokenizations": [[0, 197], [198, 272], [273, 527], [528, 644], [645, 766], [767, 900]], "first_sentence": "One member of this circle discussed the sociology of creating art in Art Worlds and examined a semi-professional jazz group that gave rise to the \"culture of a deviant group\" in his book Outsiders.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one battle, this ruler sent his soldiers out wearing crowns of laurel to appear as holy avengers of Apollo against an enemy force that drowned en-masse trying to reach the ships of Chares. He received the news that his wife gave birth to a son at the same time as a report that his racehorse won the Olympic Games. The historian Theopompus lambasted him for getting drunk in the daytime, in a digression-filled 58-book history of his rule. This man lost his right eye besieging the city of Methone, and defeated Onemarchos at the bloodiest engagement in Greek history, the Battle of Crocus Field. At the celebration of his daughter Cleopatra's wedding to Alexander of Epirus, this man was assassinated by one of his seven bodyguards, Pausanias. This man established the League of Corinth after winning a battle where the companion cavalry that broke the Sacred Band was commanded by his eighteen-year old son. For 10 points, name this King of Macedon, the father of Alexander the Great.", "answer": "Philip II of Macedon [prompt on \"Philip\"]", "page": "Philip_II_of_Macedon", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719466", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101988, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [192, 317], [318, 442], [443, 599], [600, 747], [748, 912], [913, 989]], "first_sentence": "In one battle, this ruler sent his soldiers out wearing crowns of laurel to appear as holy avengers of Apollo against an enemy force that drowned en-masse trying to reach the ships of Chares.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Dominick Argento modeled From the Diary of Virginia Woolf on one of this composer's song cycles, which sets eight poems by Adalbert von Chamisso. This composer used the enigmatic marking \"Im Legenden Ton\" for the middle section of the first movement of his Opus 17 Fantasie. His F minor piano sonata was originally published under the title \"Concerto Without Orchestra.\" This composer wrote a cycle of nine short piano pieces about a forest which includes \"Vogel als Prophet,\" as well as the song cycle A Woman's Life and Love. He composed \"The Happy Farmer,\" a piece often taught to new piano players, for his Opus 68 Album for the Young. Another of his piano works includes a depiction of people playing Blind Man's Bluff, and begins with the movement \"Of Foreign Lands and Peoples.\" For 10 points, name this German composer whose Scenes From Childhood includes \"Tra\u0308umerei\" (\"TROY-mehr-eye\").", "answer": "Robert Schumann", "page": "Robert_Schumann", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719467", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101989, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 274], [275, 369], [369, 527], [528, 639], [640, 785], [786, 895]], "first_sentence": "Dominick Argento modeled From the Diary of Virginia Woolf on one of this composer's song cycles, which sets eight poems by Adalbert von Chamisso.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This is the first word in the name of a form of spectroscopy which uses Couette flow cells to orient samples. This kind of molecule must be in either the C-sub-infinity-v or D-sub-infinity-h point groups. The rotational partition function for this type of molecule equals temperature divided by the product of the rotational temperature and the symmetry number. In rotational spectroscopy, molecules are classified as this type, or as one of three different types of tops. This type of molecule with N atoms only possesses 2 rotational degrees of freedom, meaning it has a total of 3N-5 vibrational degrees of freedom. This is the first word in the name of a method from quantum chemistry which constructs molecular orbitals using a quantum superposition of atomic orbitals. For 10 points, a molecule which only possesses sp-hybridized orbitals adopts what VSEPR geometry, in which the bond angles are all 180 degrees?", "answer": "linear", "page": "Linearity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719468", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101990, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 204], [205, 361], [362, 472], [473, 618], [619, 774], [775, 918]], "first_sentence": "This is the first word in the name of a form of spectroscopy which uses Couette flow cells to orient samples.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A black employee of this company named Roscoe Conkling Simmons advised Warren Harding on matters of race. This company funded a 1929 trans-Arctic flight that ended in disaster when the plane was destroyed by ice and the crew was rescued by Canadians. This newspaper illegally obtained a copy of the Treaty of Versailles and gave it to William Borah to read on the Senate floor, and antagonized the government by announcing in 1942 that Japan's naval code had been broken. This paper took an isolationist turn under its editor Robert R. McCormick, who called it the \"American Paper for Americans.\" An incident in this newspaper's history was captured in a photograph taken at St. Louis Union Station, and depicts a jubilant incumbent telling the press \"That ain't the way I heard it\" and holding up a copy of this paper. For 10 points, name this newspaper that reported on the results of the 1948 presidential election with the incorrect headline \"DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN.\"", "answer": "Chicago Tribune", "page": "Chicago_Tribune", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719469", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101991, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 250], [251, 471], [472, 596], [597, 819], [820, 969]], "first_sentence": "A black employee of this company named Roscoe Conkling Simmons advised Warren Harding on matters of race.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A section of this poem claims that \"morality is water on the brain\" and that \"everyone in the world was doomed to happiness\" after saying its author \"became a fabulous opera.\" This poem's speaker says that \"I learned the magic of Felicity,\" which \"enchants us all,\" asking \"O seasons, O chateaus! Where is the flawless soul?\" Its first section contains the declaration \"I will be brutal and indolent\" before it mentions \"ferocious invalids home from the tropics\". The speaker calls this work \"a few foul pages from a damned soul\" in its first section, which opens with a declaration that the speaker's life was once \"a banquet where very heart revealed itself.\" The speaker of a subsection of this larger work claims \"what was unutterable, I wrote down.\" The speaker of this extended poem says \"A black, E white, I red, O blue, U green\" and declares \"I invented colors for the vowels!\" For 10 points, name this extended prose poem with two sections titled \"Delirium,\" written by Arthur Rimbaud.", "answer": "\"A Season in Hell\" [or \"Une Saison en Enfer\"]", "page": "A_Season_in_Hell", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571946a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101992, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [174, 175], [176, 296], [297, 324], [324, 325], [326, 463], [464, 661], [662, 753], [753, 885], [886, 994]], "first_sentence": "A section of this poem claims that \"morality is water on the brain\" and that \"everyone in the world was doomed to happiness\" after saying its author \"became a fabulous opera.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Several sites at this national park, including its science and learning center, are named in honor of the biologist Adolph Murie, while the newly-built visitor center is dedicated to the pilot Ben Eielson. During a trip called the \"Voyage of Understanding,\" Warren G. Harding rode in a railroad car named for this national park, which was established through a bill introduced in Congress by James Wickersham at the urging of Charles Sheldon. This park is home to the mosquito-infested Wonder Lake, as well as the Foraker River and the Toklat River, which winds its way west of the Kantishna Hills. Sightings of Dall sheep are common at this park, which contains the Stampede Trail and a famous exhibit of interlocking moose antlers. The name of this park means \"the High One\" in the Athabaskan language, and its train links the cities of Fairbanks and Anchorage. For 10 points, name this national park which contains Mt. McKinley.", "answer": "Denali National Park and Preserve", "page": "Denali_National_Park_and_Preserve", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571946b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101993, "tokenizations": [[0, 205], [206, 442], [443, 598], [599, 733], [734, 863], [864, 931]], "first_sentence": "Several sites at this national park, including its science and learning center, are named in honor of the biologist Adolph Murie, while the newly-built visitor center is dedicated to the pilot Ben Eielson.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Members of this movement produced paintings capturing their impressions as tourists in the \"Prague Project.\" The desert, sea waves and lunar craters are the subject of texture paintings by this movement's Latvian member, Vija Celmins. A female artist from this movement created vanitas paintings, such as one that juxtaposes an hourglass, a candle, and a calendar titled Wheel of Fortune. Another artist from this movement captured the activity of a city in a painting in which the title structures reflect the action, called Telephone Booths. An artist from this movement worked in a wheelchair with a paintbrush strapped to his wrist, after he became quadriplegic. This movement included Audrey Flack, Richard Estes, and an artist who painted grids of tiles filled with shapes which, viewed from afar, look like faces. For 10 points, name this movement to which Chuck Close belonged, which made paintings that resembled camera images.", "answer": "photorealism [or hyper-realism; or super-realism]", "page": "Photorealism", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571946c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101994, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [107, 234], [235, 388], [389, 543], [544, 666], [667, 820], [821, 936]], "first_sentence": "Members of this movement produced paintings capturing their impressions as tourists in the \"Prague Project.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This ruler annulled his daughter's marriage when her suitor could not pay an outrageous bride price consisting of 50,000 horses, 10,000 cows and camels, and 100,000 sheep. He erected six large stone panels across his empire to honor his six favorite horses. Whenever this ruler became sick, his wife would visit him carrying poison in her belt so she could commit suicide at a moment's notice. This husband of Empress Zhangsun was dissuaded from making sacrifices at a sacred mountain that shares his name by his minister Wei Zheng. This ruler launched an attack on the Xiyu States in the Tarim Basin after subjugating the Ashina dynasty in charge of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, and also invaded the Goguryeo Dynasty of Korea. He came to power after ordering his men to assassinate his brothers at the Xuanwu Gate. This ruler succeeded Li Yuan, aka Emperor Gaozu, and proceeded to conquer much of Central Asia as far as present-day Kazakhstan. For 10 points, name this second emperor of the Tang Dynasty.", "answer": "Tang Taizong [or Li Shimin; or T'ai-Tsung; prompt on \"Li\" or \"Shimin\"]", "page": "Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571946d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101995, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 257], [258, 393], [394, 532], [533, 728], [729, 816], [817, 945], [946, 1006]], "first_sentence": "This ruler annulled his daughter's marriage when her suitor could not pay an outrageous bride price consisting of 50,000 horses, 10,000 cows and camels, and 100,000 sheep.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel writes the French words \"A bientot,\" meaning \"see you soon,\" on the guidebook of a woman she secretly follows to a rock overlooking a gulf. The protagonist of this novel jokes that her complexion is several shades greener than that of a woman in a Bronzino portrait. In this novel's last line, a woman breaks off a relationship by exclaiming \"We shall never be again as we were!\" after her lover pleads with her to refuse an inheritance bequest. The protagonist of this novel hires a valet named Eugenio and purchases the fancy Palazzo Leporelli upon relocating to Venice. The surgeon Sir Luke Strett diagnoses the terminal illness of this novel's protagonist, whom Merton Densher agrees to marry in exchange for sex from his real lover, Kate Croy, who is desperate to escape financial dependence on her aunt Maud Lowder. For 10 points, name this novel about an English couple's plan to swindle the American heiress Milly Theale, written by Henry James.", "answer": "The Wings of the Dove", "page": "The_Wings_of_the_Dove", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571946e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101996, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 292], [293, 471], [472, 598], [599, 847], [848, 979]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel writes the French words \"A bientot,\" meaning \"see you soon,\" on the guidebook of a woman she secretly follows to a rock overlooking a gulf.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The components of the non-resonant part of one form of this quantity are given by the Kleinman relations. The phase shift arising from cross-phase modulation is proportional to the third-order component of this tensor quantity, which is also responsible for the DC Kerr effect. In centrosymmetric media, the even-order components of this quantity are zero, meaning sum frequency generation and second harmonic generation cannot occur. This tensor quantity is generalized into a series of coefficients which appear in the Taylor series expansion which characterizes nonlinear crystals. Relative permeability equals one plus another form of this quantity, which is negative for a diamagnet and positive for a paramagnet. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized chi whose \"electric\" form gives the polarization of a material in response to an applied E-field, and whose \"magnetic\" form gives the magnetization of a material in response to an applied B-field.", "answer": "susceptibility [or electric susceptibility; or magnetic susceptibility; or n-th order answers, such as second-order electric susceptibility or third-order electric susceptibility]", "page": "Electric_susceptibility", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571946f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101997, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 277], [278, 434], [435, 584], [585, 718], [719, 960]], "first_sentence": "The components of the non-resonant part of one form of this quantity are given by the Kleinman relations.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man gave a cap to Amphidamas, who gave it to Molus, who gave it to his own son Meriones. This man was born when Hermes touched his mother's face to make her fall asleep, and then raped her. The Odyssey lists this man's wife as Amphithea, but better-known accounts have him marrying a woman whose father ran a scam in which he sold her to a series of suitors for the bride price, only to have her return by transforming into a different animal. Heracles learned the art of wrestling from this man and served three years of penance for killing this man's son Iphitus. A youth who went hunting with this husband of Mestra was scarred by a boar just above his knee, leaving a mark that was recognized by the youth's nurse Eurycleia. This man, like Hades, had a helmet of invisibility, and he once out-trickstered Sisyphus by stealing his herd. For 10 points, name this best thief in Greek mythology, who imparted his cunning to his grandson Odysseus.", "answer": "Autolycus", "page": "Autolycus", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719470", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101998, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [94, 194], [195, 448], [449, 570], [571, 733], [734, 844], [845, 951]], "first_sentence": "This man gave a cap to Amphidamas, who gave it to Molus, who gave it to his own son Meriones.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "When this quantity becomes very large, the reflection coefficient becomes greater than one, according to the Klein paradox. The Fourier transform of this quantity gives the first-order scattering amplitude according to the Born approximation. When this quantity is proportional to a delta function, the system possesses a continuum of sinusoidal scattering states with positive energy and a single bound state with negative energy. This quantity is infinite inside of a critical radius and zero outside that radius according to the hard sphere model. This quantity is subtracted in the Lagrangian but added in the Hamiltonian. This quantity is infinite everywhere except for between 0 and L in the infinite square well or particle-in-a-box model. For 10 points, name this type of energy equal to \"m g h\" for an object near the earth, which is symbolized V or U.", "answer": "potential energy [or U or V until they are read; or gravitational potential energy; or electric potential energy]", "page": "Potential_energy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719471", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 101999, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 242], [243, 431], [432, 550], [551, 626], [627, 746], [747, 861]], "first_sentence": "When this quantity becomes very large, the reflection coefficient becomes greater than one, according to the Klein paradox.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The first mayor of this city, Christopher Cato, names a manor which saw the Beer Hall Riots when this city tried to pass an ordinance on beer brewing. A legendary figure in this city's history, Dick King, made a 600-mile horse ride to save this city from starvation by asking Captain Charlton Smith to send reinforcements in the wake of the Battle of Congella. This city saw a violent outbreak in 2009 at its Kennedy Road settlement, in its suburb of Clare Estate. Located just to the east of Pinetown, this city on the Umgeni River is home to a mall called the Gateway Theatre of Shopping. The Suncoast Casino marks the beginning of this city's Golden Mile, a popular stretch of beachfront for tourists. Once known as Port Natal, this city has the most Indians of any city outside India. For 10 points, name this busiest port city in South Africa.", "answer": "Durban [or Port Natalia until \"Port Natal\" is read]", "page": "Durban", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719472", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102000, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 360], [361, 464], [465, 590], [591, 704], [705, 788], [789, 848]], "first_sentence": "The first mayor of this city, Christopher Cato, names a manor which saw the Beer Hall Riots when this city tried to pass an ordinance on beer brewing.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play recalls being unable forget his fifty-year-old mistress while she reminded him of lilies and jasmines, until he remembers that she actually resembled fruit baskets and old luggage. A servant in this play throws his hat at a candle to put it out so as to prevent anyone from seeing that his master was involved in a late-night affair. That servant later convinces Count Ludovico that this play's protagonist is his long-lost son. The protagonist of this play is asked to compose a sonnet in response to a love letter written to the \"friend\" of a woman who later slaps him, drawing blood. Anarda's desire for Fabio leads her to reveal an affair in this play, in which the Marquis Ricardo and the Count Federico both pursue Diana, the countess of Belflor, who marries Fabio off to the servant Marcela after finally deciding to act on her love for Marcela's suitor Teodoro. For 10 points, name this Lope de Vega play inspired by a fable about an animal who spitefully prevents a horse from eating grain.", "answer": "The Dog in the Manger [or El Perro del Hortelano; or The Gardener's Dog]", "page": "The_Dog_in_the_Manger", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719473", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102001, "tokenizations": [[0, 205], [206, 358], [359, 453], [454, 611], [612, 894], [895, 1024]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play recalls being unable forget his fifty-year-old mistress while she reminded him of lilies and jasmines, until he remembers that she actually resembled fruit baskets and old luggage.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "According to a story, this man started to write a book assisted by Sulpicius Flavus, but when he gave an initial public reading of that work, he couldn't stop laughing at a fat man in the audience who broke the bench on which he sat. Because this man accused his wife of cheating on him with the freedman Boter, he reportedly left her daughter naked at her doorstep. That wife of his, Plautia Urgulanilla, was of Etruscan origin. When a killer whale became trapped in the harbor at Ostia, this man ordered it to be covered in nets so he could battle it. Lucius Scribonianus, the governor of Dalmatia, revolted against him at the instigation of Annius Vinicianus. This man supported the client king Verica against Caratacus by sending his general Aulus Plautius to seize Colchester, as part of the invasion of Britain that this ruler ordered. For 10 points, name this stuttering Roman emperor who may have ingested a poisoned mushroom, and who reigned between Caligula and Nero.", "answer": "Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus [or Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus]", "page": "Claudius", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719474", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102002, "tokenizations": [[0, 233], [234, 366], [367, 429], [430, 553], [554, 662], [663, 841], [842, 977]], "first_sentence": "According to a story, this man started to write a book assisted by Sulpicius Flavus, but when he gave an initial public reading of that work, he couldn't stop laughing at a fat man in the audience who broke the bench on which he sat.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An infection of this structure can be diagnosed either by using the BVBLUE sialidase test or by finding clue cells on a wet mount. HYAFF microspheres can be used to deliver salmon calcitonin and insulin through this structure. The life cycle of a parasite named for and often infecting this structure consists solely of a pear-shaped trophozoite stage. Adding 10% KOH in the \"whiff test\" allows one to detect a species of Gardnerella that infects this structure. Lactobacillus is the primary component of the normal flora of this structure, which is commonly infected by Candida albicans and Trichomonas. A duckbill-shaped speculum can be used to open this structure, which is coated by secretions from Bartholin's glands during arousal. For 10 points, name this canal-like structure whose opening is flanked by the labia.", "answer": "vagina [or vulva until \"trophozoite\" is read]", "page": "Vagina", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719475", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102003, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 226], [227, 352], [353, 462], [463, 604], [605, 737], [738, 822]], "first_sentence": "An infection of this structure can be diagnosed either by using the BVBLUE sialidase test or by finding clue cells on a wet mount.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One opera by this composer ends with the cello accompanying a character's hallucination, in which she is visited by her lover in a swan drawn chariot. Another opera by him ends with Marcel having a vision of heaven accompanied by six harps on stage and a chorus of soldiers singing \"God wants blood!\" In that opera, a band of the title figures singing the rataplan interrupts the duel between Raoul and Saint-Bris. This composer's last opera ends with Se\u0301lika inhaling the blossoms of the manchineel tree and features a scene in which Nelusko sings the \"Ballad of Adamastor.\" This man, who often collaborated with librettist Euge\u0300ne Scribe, wrote an opera about Vasco da Gama, as well as an opera in which the marriage of Margaret of Valois presages the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. For 10 points, name this composer of grand operas, such as L'Africaine and The Huguenots.", "answer": "Giacomo Meyerbeer", "page": "Giacomo_Meyerbeer", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719476", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102004, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 300], [301, 414], [415, 574], [574, 785], [786, 875]], "first_sentence": "One opera by this composer ends with the cello accompanying a character's hallucination, in which she is visited by her lover in a swan drawn chariot.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one source, the domain of this god was protected by twenty-one pylons and seven arits, all of which were successfully surpassed by Ani. According to the inscription on a sarcophagus lid, a high steward named Peftuaneith built a temple to an aspect of this god. That form of this god is sometimes also given as a form of a son of Nephthys, and is called Khenti-Amentiu. Another source suggests that the appearance of this god was heralded by the shout of Pamyles. This wearer of the atef crown is thought to be descended from the earlier Andjety, and he rules over a field of reed-covered islands called Aaru. Ptolemy I attempted to please his Greek overlords by creating a cult centered on a combination of this god and the Apis bull. In a myth related by Plutarch, a chest containing this god is retrieved from a tree in Byblos by his wife. For 10 points, name this Egyptian god of the afterlife who fathered Horus with his wife Isis.", "answer": "Osiris", "page": "Osiris", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719477", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102005, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 263], [264, 371], [372, 465], [466, 611], [612, 737], [738, 844], [845, 938]], "first_sentence": "In one source, the domain of this god was protected by twenty-one pylons and seven arits, all of which were successfully surpassed by Ani.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, a mangled female body is found in the street after being eaten by dogs, and when a woman stops to investigate, a group of trick-or-treating kids steal her purse. That woman in this novel makes money by singing at Oscar Reo's bar, the Gilded Cage. This novel begins with the protagonist walking in a graveyard and seeing the ghosts of people like Aldo Campione and Katrina Daugherty, whom he failed to save earlier in life. The pivotal event in the protagonist's life occurred when he dropped and killed his infant son Gerald while trying to change his diapers, an accident for which he exiled himself from his family for 22 years. Rudy Kraut and Old Rosskam are the homeless friends of former baseball player Francis, the protagonist of this novel. For 10 points, name this novel that follows Billy Phelan's Greatest Game as the final part of the Albany Cycle and was written by William Kennedy.", "answer": "Ironweed [prompt on the \"Albany Cycle\"]", "page": "Ironweed_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719478", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102006, "tokenizations": [[0, 176], [177, 261], [262, 437], [438, 645], [646, 763], [764, 910]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, a mangled female body is found in the street after being eaten by dogs, and when a woman stops to investigate, a group of trick-or-treating kids steal her purse.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man hypothesized that new matter was poured into our universe from spiral galaxies from other dimensions in his book Astronomy and Cosmogony. Donald Lynden-Bell derived this astronomer's \"strong\" theorem, which states that the distribution function of a steady state system with regular orbits can be written exclusively as functions of the action integrals. He names a quantity that is equal to the square root of fifteen, times Boltzmann's constant, times temperature, all over four pi, times big G, times the mass per particle times mass density. That quantity named for him is derived by setting the free-fall time equal to the sound-crossing time and determines when his namesake instability will induce structure formation. For 10 points, name this scientist, who names the critical length under which a molecular cloud will undergo gravitational collapse, thus causing star formation to begin", "answer": "Sir James Hopwood Jeans [or Jeans length; or Jeans theorem]", "page": "James_Jeans", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719479", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102007, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 363], [364, 434], [435, 554], [555, 734], [735, 904]], "first_sentence": "This man hypothesized that new matter was poured into our universe from spiral galaxies from other dimensions in his book Astronomy and Cosmogony.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A member of this political party, John Barbee, had his mayoral term damaged by the Bloody Monday incident, which was fueled by the writings of George Prentice in the Louisville Daily Journal. This party was supported by groups called the Rip Raps, the Butt Enders, and the Wampanoags, who backed the candidacy of Thomas Swann in Baltimore. Mayor Charles Waterman ran a machine in support of this party in New Orleans. Its members often quoted the speeches of Lewis Levin, who was elected to Congress in Pennsylvania in the wake of riots in Philadelphia. During an election, this party selected Andrew Donelson as vice president, but their presidential nomination was refused by their partisan Nathaniel Banks, so they turned to former president Millard Fillmore. For 10 points, name this party that grew out of the Order of the Star Spangled Banner and supported an anti-immigration platform.", "answer": "Know-Nothing Party [or the American Party]", "page": "Know_Nothing", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571947a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102008, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [192, 339], [340, 417], [418, 553], [554, 762], [763, 892]], "first_sentence": "A member of this political party, John Barbee, had his mayoral term damaged by the Bloody Monday incident, which was fueled by the writings of George Prentice in the Louisville Daily Journal.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This is the first title concept of a treatise that cites the Fisher King motif in The Wasteland as an illness that is the \"inability to wish.\" A 1956 work declares that this thing is \"the only sane and satisfactory answer to the problem of human existence.\" A triangular theory of this phenomenon, one of whose components is commitment, was developed by Robert Sternberg. Rollo May suggested that this concept be integrated with \"will\" to make a human complete. A series of experiments in which rhesus monkeys became attached to wire meshes instead of their mothers are discussed in a Harry Harlow book titled for the nature of this phenomenon. Sigmund Freud used the Greek word for this thing to describe the \"life instincts\" that opposes thanatos, or the death instincts. For 10 points, name this human emotion which is often unrequited.", "answer": "love [or eros; or word forms, such as loving; do NOT accept \"sex\"]", "page": "Love", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571947b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102009, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [141, 257], [258, 371], [372, 461], [462, 644], [645, 773], [774, 839]], "first_sentence": "This is the first title concept of a treatise that cites the Fisher King motif in The Wasteland as an illness that is the \"inability to wish.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poet wrote that \"the mind must sweat a poison / Keener than Thessaly's brew\" in a work whose speaker states \"Now I have come to reason / And cast my schoolboy clout.\" Another poem by this author claims that \"big guns\" will \"Grow nearer home - and out of the dream-house stumbling\" such that \"You'll know you slept too long.\" This poet described how \"for those / whom accident made great\", \"their seed is in us and over / our lives they are evergreen\" in the title poem of one of his collections. This author of \"Newsreel\" and Transitional Poem introduced the detective Nigel Strangeways in A Question of Proof, a novel written under the pseudonym \"Nicholas Blake\". Like Louis MacNeice and Stephen Spender, he was a member of the \"Auden Group\", and he gained fame for his translations of Virgil's three major works. His poetry collections include A Time to Dance and Overtures to Death. For 10 points, name this British Poet Laureate from 1968 to 1972 who rejected the use of the hyphen in his last name.", "answer": "Cecil Day-Lewis [prompt on \"Nicholas Blake\" until it is read]", "page": "Cecil_Day-Lewis", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571947c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102010, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 328], [328, 329], [330, 500], [501, 669], [670, 819], [820, 890], [891, 1008]], "first_sentence": "This poet wrote that \"the mind must sweat a poison / Keener than Thessaly's brew\" in a work whose speaker states \"Now I have come to reason / And cast my schoolboy clout.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "William Kinderman's book about this work traces its compositional history and identifies late sketches for it in the Engel- mann Sketchbook. An Allegro fugue in this composition abandons its usual key and is instead in E-flat, though it modulates back to the main key after a cadenza-like passage consisting of a rising and falling sixteenth-note arpeggiation of a diminished seventh chord. Another section of this work parodies an aria for Leporello in Don Giovanni. The composer put his Missa Solem- nis on hold to begin work on this composition, despite having originally insulted its thematic material as a \"cobbler's patch.\" This work appears in part I of the collaborative publication Vaterla\u0308ndischer Ku\u0308nstlerverein. For 10 points, name this piano composition, Beethoven's Opus 120, consisting of a set of variations on a waltz originally produced by an Austrian musician.", "answer": "the Diabelli Variations [or 33 Variations on a waltz by Anton Diabelli; or Ludwig van Beethoven's Opus 120 until it is read; prompt on \"Opus 120\"]", "page": "Diabelli_Variations", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571947d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102011, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 390], [391, 467], [468, 628], [628, 724], [725, 880]], "first_sentence": "William Kinderman's book about this work traces its compositional history and identifies late sketches for it in the Engel- mann Sketchbook.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "St. Augustine disagreed with St. Jerome's interpretation of one incident involving a rebuke of this man, claiming it was not staged. That incident involving this man took place at Antioch after this man and Barnabas were misled by a group of Jews, as recounted in Chapter 2 of Galatians. This man cites the time being nine o'clock in the morning to explain that he and his companions are not drunk before preaching a sermon that converts three thousand. This man sat with the servants during Jesus' trial and suggests building three tabernacles during the Transfiguration, though in Matthew he is rebuked with \"get thee behind me satan\" by Jesus. In John, this man smites the high priest's servant Malchus and this reviver of Tabitha is accosted while warming his hands by a woman during the first of three times he denies knowing Jesus. For 10 points, identify this apostle, the \"rock\" on which the Christian church was founded.", "answer": "Peter", "page": "Peter_Pomegranate", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571947e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102012, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 287], [288, 453], [454, 646], [647, 837], [838, 929]], "first_sentence": "St. Augustine disagreed with St. Jerome's interpretation of one incident involving a rebuke of this man, claiming it was not staged.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Perturbative expansions over one variant of this theory can have coupling-constant related artifacts removed by the \"tadpole improvement\" method. This theory predicts that the propagator factor for spacelike branching exhibits both a soft and a collinear singularity. The one-loop beta function in this theory is negative. At low energies, the coupling constant in this theory is so large that perturbation theory is ineffective, and that coupling constant decreases as 1 over the natural log of energy with increasing energy. The symmetry group which underlies this theory has eight generators known as the Gell-Mann matrices. This theory describes a force whose underlying potential has a term proportional to distance, meaning separating two particles to infinity requires infinite energy. This gauge theory with SU(3) symmetry exhibits the properties of asymptotic freedom and confinement. For 10 points, name this theory that explains the strong force using the concept of color charge.", "answer": "quantum chromodynamics [or QCD; or lattice QCD]", "page": "Quantum_chromodynamics", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b915409571947f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102013, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 267], [268, 322], [323, 526], [527, 627], [628, 792], [793, 893], [894, 991]], "first_sentence": "Perturbative expansions over one variant of this theory can have coupling-constant related artifacts removed by the \"tadpole improvement\" method.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The members of this group became locked in an arms race when one of them ordered the construction of two American- made Rivadavia-class battleships and two British-made Almirante Latorre-class battleships, leading another member to order a super-dreadnought. Dire financial straits after the loss of its rubber monopoly caused that member of this group to sell its dreadnought to the Ottomans, which led to an Ottoman-German alliance in the First World War after the British seized the ship. All members of this group entered the \"Consultation, Non-Aggression and Arbitration Pact\" in 1915, which remained in place until the 1923 Pan-American Conference. After the Tampico Affair and the seizure of Veracruz, the members of this group gathered in Niagara Falls at a namesake conference to prevent war between the United States and Mexico. For 10 points, give this term used for the alliance of three politically influential countries in South America during the early 20th century.", "answer": "ABC Powers [or Argentina, Brazil, and Chile; do NOT accept partial answers]", "page": "ABC_countries", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719480", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102014, "tokenizations": [[0, 258], [259, 491], [492, 654], [655, 838], [839, 981]], "first_sentence": "The members of this group became locked in an arms race when one of them ordered the construction of two American- made Rivadavia-class battleships and two British-made Almirante Latorre-class battleships, leading another member to order a super-dreadnought.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An essay by this man considers whether Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time is a \"Penelope work of remembering\" or a \"Penelope work of forgetting.\" This thinker recalls excitingly purchasing a copy of Balzac's The Wild Ass's Skin at an auction run by Emil Hirscher in an essay about his penchant for book collecting. This author of \"The Image of Proust\" and \"Unpacking My Library\" wrote about the moment when thinking stops and a large constellation of thoughts crystallizes into a monad. That moment is considered as a \"Stillstellung,\" or the \"zero hour,\" of \"messianic time\" and appears in an essay by this man that uses Paul Klee's Angelus Novus to critique historical materialism. He laments the advent of lithography in an essay about how photographic prints lack \"aura.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"Theses on the Philosophy of History\" and \"The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.\"", "answer": "Walter Benjamin", "page": "Walter_Benjamin", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719481", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102015, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [148, 149], [150, 318], [319, 490], [491, 686], [687, 778], [779, 912]], "first_sentence": "An essay by this man considers whether Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time is a \"Penelope work of remembering\" or a \"Penelope work of forgetting.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem written in this language begins in italics with the line, \"Ladies and Gentlemen, let me introduce you to... the thin man with the green sweater.\" That poem in this language, \"Menace of the Sick\", was included in the collection The Iron Cow Must Sweat. Though it was notated in Arabic script, Abu Bakr Effendi's \"Exposition of the Religion\" was written in this language. A novel written in this language is about a family whose patriarch has an affair with Ma Rose; one of that man's sons is killed in a revolt by the slave Galant. The murders of Jonathan and Gordon Ngubene by the Special Branch are investigated by Ben du Toit in a novel in this language. The author of The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist wrote a lot of poetry in this language, and before their translation into English, the novels A Chain of Voices and A Dry White Season were written in this language. For 10 points, name this non-English language used by members of \"The Sestigers,\" including Breyten Breytenbach and Andre Brink.", "answer": "Afrikaans", "page": "Afrikaans", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719482", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102016, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 152], [153, 258], [259, 376], [377, 537], [538, 663], [664, 887], [888, 1016]], "first_sentence": "A poem written in this language begins in italics with the line, \"Ladies and Gentlemen, let me introduce you to...", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During this battle, William Gladsdale, also called Glacidas, led a surprise attack on a bridge, but he allegedly died when the iron bars of a window lacerated his face, after a small child fired a cannon at them. The fighting at this battle was initiated by Thomas de Montacute, the Earl of Salisbury, who also died from a cannon wound while storming the Tournelles and was replaced by William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk. John Fastolfe laid a trap during a part of this clash called the Battle of the Herrings, where the Count de Clermont tried and failed to capture a cache of salted fish. His army was led by the bastard son of a duke whose death prompted the Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War. A council at Chinon approved the involvement of another commander, who entered the central locale by taking a ship down the Loire River, before rallying the people and storming English forts around that city. For 10 points, name this turning point of the Hundred Years' War, a siege that was relieved by Joan of Arc.", "answer": "Siege of Orle\u0301ans", "page": "Siege_of_Orl\u00e9ans", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719483", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102017, "tokenizations": [[0, 212], [213, 422], [423, 591], [592, 693], [694, 902], [903, 1010]], "first_sentence": "During this battle, William Gladsdale, also called Glacidas, led a surprise attack on a bridge, but he allegedly died when the iron bars of a window lacerated his face, after a small child fired a cannon at them.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A vicious-looking naked man is manacled to a wall in this artist's ironically titled painting Cave Canem, and his historical works include one showing the magisterial aftermath of the Battle of Seneffe, The Reception of the Prince of Conde in Ver- sailles.Before being made professor at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, he depicted Diogenes in his earthenware tub surrounded by dogs. The background to one of this artist's paintings features a blue wall with verses from the Quran inscribed on it and depicts a nude boy with a python wrapped around his body entertaining a group of tribal warriors. In another of his paintings, a murmillo looks to six Vestal Virgins sitting in the front row of an amphitheater while using his foot to subdue a retiarius. This artist's painting The Snake Charmer was used for the cover of Edward Said's Orientalism. For 10 points, name this artist who depicted spectators at a gladiator march giving the thumbs down gesture in his Academic painting Pollice Verso.", "answer": "Jean-Le\u0301on Ge\u0301ro\u0302me", "page": "Jean-L\u00e9on_G\u00e9r\u00f4me", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719484", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102018, "tokenizations": [[0, 256], [256, 376], [377, 591], [592, 747], [748, 770], [771, 841], [842, 989]], "first_sentence": "A vicious-looking naked man is manacled to a wall in this artist's ironically titled painting Cave Canem, and his historical works include one showing the magisterial aftermath of the Battle of Seneffe, The Reception of the Prince of Conde in Ver- sailles.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A phenomenon occurring in this substance can be described with the Nishiyama-Wasserman or the Kurdjumov-Sachs ori- entations. Two forms of this substance lend their names to two phases whose interconversion displays thermal hysteresis in the shape memory effect. Temperature transitions in this material are often displayed on CCT and TTT diagrams. The Bain model describes how rapid cooling of this substance causes a diffusionless phase transition in which this substance converts from a face-centered cubic to a tetragonal crystal structure. The HSLA form of this substance does not contain the eutectoid pearlite, thus lacking the alternate layering of the alpha phase of its primary constituent and cementite. The aforementioned phase transition in this substance converts austenite to martensite. Adding 10.5% chromium to this alloy mixture allows it to resist corrosion. For 10 points, name this alloy of iron and carbon that comes in a \"stainless\" variety.", "answer": "steel [or iron carbide; or cast iron]", "page": "Steel", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719485", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102019, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 262], [263, 348], [349, 544], [545, 714], [715, 802], [803, 877], [878, 964]], "first_sentence": "A phenomenon occurring in this substance can be described with the Nishiyama-Wasserman or the Kurdjumov-Sachs ori- entations.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The central event of this novel takes place in a house cluttered with telephone books from different cities, railroad calendars, and berries hanging in sacks from the ceiling. After following a constellation to Mount Taylor, the protagonist cuts the barbed wire fence at the ranch of Floyd Lee. At the beginning of this novel, the protagonist finds himself unable to shoot Japanese soldiers because they all resemble his uncle. Its protagonist remembers his sexual encounter with the Night Swan when he meets the mysterious Ts'eh, who helps him find the spotted cattle that belonged to Josiah. A climactic event in this novel is Rocky's death during the Bataan death march, which is a major cause of the protagonist's PTSD. The protagonist of this novel refuses to kill the manipulative Emo, thanks to the \"stories\" given to him by the medicine man Betonie. For 10 points, name this novel about the Pueblo veteran Tayo, a work of Leslie Marmon Silko.", "answer": "Ceremony", "page": "Ceremony", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719486", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102020, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 294], [295, 427], [428, 593], [594, 723], [724, 857], [858, 950]], "first_sentence": "The central event of this novel takes place in a house cluttered with telephone books from different cities, railroad calendars, and berries hanging in sacks from the ceiling.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The first movement of Lutoslawski's symphony of this number consists of seven \"episodes\" each followed by \"refrains\" for the oboe, English horn, and bassoons; that symphony is divided into movements marked \"hesitant\" and \"direct.\" Charles Ives quoted \"Wake Nicodemus\" and \"Bringing in the Sheaves\" at the beginning of the second movement of his symphony of this number, which climaxes by quoting \"Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean\" in its fifth and final movement. Alexander Borodin's symphony of this number includes a scherzo in 1/1 time, and was his final completed symphony. A C minor symphony of this number quotes the song \"Urlicht\" in its fourth movement, and begins with a movement based on the symphonic poem Totenfeier. The final movement of that symphony of this number quotes an ode by Friedrich Klopstock. For 10 points, give this number of Mahler's symphony nicknamed \"Resurrection.\"", "answer": "second symphonies [or Symphony no. 2]", "page": "Symphony_No._2_(Mahler)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85070b9154095719487", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102021, "tokenizations": [[0, 230], [231, 461], [462, 575], [576, 726], [727, 815], [816, 894]], "first_sentence": "The first movement of Lutoslawski's symphony of this number consists of seven \"episodes\" each followed by \"refrains\" for the oboe, English horn, and bassoons; that symphony is divided into movements marked \"hesitant\" and \"direct.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the grand canonical ensemble, the derivative of the particle density with respect to the chemical potential equals pressure divided by the square of this quantity. The distance at which the Coulomb energy between two elementary charges equals this quantity is called the Bjerrum length. The ensemble average of the product of a generalized coordinate x and the derivative of the Hamiltonian with respect to x equals this quantity. In Flory-Huggins theory, the exchange energy is normalized by this quantity to give the interaction parameter. The phonon energy is divided by this quantity in the heat capacity integral found in the Debye model. The inverse of this quantity is the thermodynamic beta. The average energy per quadratic degree of freedom equals one-half times this quantity according to the equipartition theorem. For 10 points, name this quantity which represents a thermal energy scale, since it equals the product of the constant equal to 1.38 times 10 to the minus 23 Joules per Kelvin and a quantity measured in Kelvins.", "answer": "kT [or kBT; or the product of Boltzmann's constant and temperature; or obvious equivalents; or thermal energy until it is read, do NOT accept or prompt on partial answers]", "page": "Kaben", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719488", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102022, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [167, 289], [290, 433], [434, 544], [545, 646], [647, 702], [703, 829], [830, 1041]], "first_sentence": "In the grand canonical ensemble, the derivative of the particle density with respect to the chemical potential equals pressure divided by the square of this quantity.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At one point in this novel, a group of characters find a bunch of graffiti, including the large circled words \"ALL FORGET\", on the plywood walls of a storage crate. The main character of this novel is obsessed with training himself in \"absolute dispassion\", while another of its characters mentally repeats the mantra \"the man sets out in search of the Grand Cause; the woman is left behind\". A character in this novel runs a luxury clothing boutique called Rex, Ltd, and is proposed to by another character who embarasses the protagonist by showering in a public drinking fountain. This novel's protagonist is disgusted when he isn't severely punished for using a hole in a chest of drawers to spy on his mother having sex, which prompts him to ask \"the chief\", the leader of his gang of teens, to help poison his former \"splendid hero\", the title character. For 10 points, name this novel whose title character Ryuji Tsukazaki is the second mate on the Rakuyo, a work of Yukio Mishima.", "answer": "The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With the Sea [or Gogo no Eiko; or The Afternoon Shiptowing]", "page": "The_Sailor_Who_Fell_from_Grace_with_the_Sea", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719489", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102023, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 392], [393, 582], [583, 859], [860, 987]], "first_sentence": "At one point in this novel, a group of characters find a bunch of graffiti, including the large circled words \"ALL FORGET\", on the plywood walls of a storage crate.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A story claims that this man played a practical joke by dressing a baboon up in a cape and having it jump out of a chest at his rival, John Montagu, who thought he was being attacked by the devil and repented his sins. This man fought a duel at the Red Lion Inn with another rival, William Talbot, but both shots missed. He wasn't as lucky when he was shot in the stomach during his duel with Samuel Martin. Several of this man's supporters, such as William Allen, were killed in the \"Massacre of St. George's Fields\" after Justice Gillam read the Riot Act to a crowd. Over the next year, this man was expelled from the House of Commons three times, initially because Issue #45 of his paperThe North Briton allegedly contained \"seditious libel.\" This member of the Hellfire Club lost the support of many extremists after he helped quash the Gordon Riots. For 10 points, name this radical English journalist who frequently parodied George III and lends his name to an American assassin.", "answer": "John Wilkes", "page": "John_Wilkes", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571948a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102024, "tokenizations": [[0, 218], [219, 320], [321, 407], [408, 568], [569, 744], [744, 854], [855, 985]], "first_sentence": "A story claims that this man played a practical joke by dressing a baboon up in a cape and having it jump out of a chest at his rival, John Montagu, who thought he was being attacked by the devil and repented his sins.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A poet who could summon necromantic kittens learned the entirety of this event's narrative when a ghost of one of its participants told him about it at his mist-shrouded gravestone. During this event, a character shoots a bird and a squirrel off the shoulders of people standing on opposite sides of a river. A character wounded during this event wanders across the countryside naming places before he dies. A character taking part in this event is interrupted by the interference of an eel and a she-wolf. A sword that makes rainbows when it is swung is used to slice the tops off of three hills by a participant in this event. Many warriors are unable to participate in this conflict due to a curse that plagued them with nine days of debilitating labor pains. Episodes in this conflict include the death of Ferdiad and combat with Fergus mac Roich, and it was sparked when a queen found herself less wealthy than her husband Ailill. For 10 points, Cuchulainn tried to prevent what event in which Queen Medb (\"mayv\") stole a brown bull from Ulster?", "answer": "Cattle Raid of Cooley [or Ta\u0301in Bo\u0301 Cu\u0301ailnge (\"tyne bo coo-ahl-nyeh\"); prompt on \"cattle raid\" or obvious equiva- lents]", "page": "T\u00e1in_B\u00f3_C\u00faailnge", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571948b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102025, "tokenizations": [[0, 181], [182, 308], [309, 407], [408, 506], [507, 628], [629, 762], [763, 935], [936, 1050]], "first_sentence": "A poet who could summon necromantic kittens learned the entirety of this event's narrative when a ghost of one of its participants told him about it at his mist-shrouded gravestone.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These devices are used to create MISERs, which are also called nonplanar ring oscillators. An injection signal can be used by a \"master\" one of these devices to control the frequency of a \"slave\" one. It's not a QWIP, but another type of these devices contains a semiconductor superlattice with a series of quantum wells and relies on inter-sub-band transitions occurring in each well. A type of these devices contains a noble gas halide which dimerizes when exposed to an electric current. These devices are used to supply energy to a deuterium- tritium pellet to produce a high density plasma in inertial confinement fusion. These devices come in quantum cascade and excimer types, and they contain a resonator cavity that surrounds a gain medium, such as titanium-sapphire or helium-neon. Pumping is used in these devices to put more atoms in the excited state than the ground state, thus producing a population inversion. For 10 points, name these devices that produce light via stimulated emission.", "answer": "lasers [or light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation until \"light\" is read]", "page": "Laser", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571948c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102026, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 200], [201, 385], [386, 490], [491, 626], [627, 791], [792, 925], [926, 1003]], "first_sentence": "These devices are used to create MISERs, which are also called nonplanar ring oscillators.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "At one point, the entity which puts out this publication sponsored a research effort called the \"1980s project\" led by Richard Ullmann and Bayless Manning. Edwin Gay and \"Colonel\" Edward House initially bankrolled this publication as part of a group known as \"The Inquiry.\" Archibald Coolidge first ran it, but in order to handle its daily operation, he appointed Hamilton Fish Armstrong, who had his sister Margaret design its logo, showing a naked man riding a bucking white horse above a scroll containing the Latin word for \"ubiquitous.\" Featuring a light blue cover, its first release described the need for an informed American public. It later contained five articles by W.E.B. DuBois including one on the problem of the \"Color Line\" in America, and its first contributor was Elihu Root. For 10 points, name this publication that published a version of the Long Telegram by George Kennan known as the \"X Article,\" and several other articles on international relations.", "answer": "Foreign Affairs", "page": "Foreign_Affairs", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571948d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102027, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 273], [274, 541], [542, 641], [642, 794], [795, 975]], "first_sentence": "At one point, the entity which puts out this publication sponsored a research effort called the \"1980s project\" led by Richard Ullmann and Bayless Manning.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the late 1930's, this musician recorded a number of solo pieces, including \"The Crave\" and \"Don't You Leave Me Here,\" for General Records, which was released on an album titled for \"Memories\" of his home city. During a recording session, this bandleader once brandished a pistol against the trombonist Zue Robertson, because he refused to play the melody correctly. This man often played in a duet with King Oliver, who played the cornet when performing this man's standard \"Froggie Moore.\" The banjoist John St. Cyr was a part of this man's group Red Hot Peppers, which would often perform the \"Black Bottom Stomp,\" a standard he composed. In an interview, this man claimed that his predecessor Buddy Bolden played ragtime, while he himself invented jazz. For 10 points, name this early New Orleans pianist who composed the \"King Porter Stomp,\" and who took his name from a slang term referring to female genitalia.", "answer": "\"Jelly Roll\" Morton [accept either; or Ferdinand Joseph LaMothe; or Ferdinand LaMenthe]", "page": "Jelly_Roll_Morton", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571948e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102028, "tokenizations": [[0, 212], [213, 368], [369, 493], [494, 643], [644, 759], [760, 919]], "first_sentence": "In the late 1930's, this musician recorded a number of solo pieces, including \"The Crave\" and \"Don't You Leave Me Here,\" for General Records, which was released on an album titled for \"Memories\" of his home city.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character created by this author buys a copy of The Lives of the Saints with money earned making boots. That character refuses to reveal who he saw digging an escape tunnel, even though the digger was responsible for planting a bloody dagger in his bag and framing him for murder years earlier. A character created by this author cuts off his own finger in order to thwart the seductive efforts of Makovkina, who joins a convent in response. Another of this man's characters falls to his death while clearing snow from a roof, shortly after his father prevents him from marrying the cook Ustinya. This author of \"God Sees the Truth, But Waits\" and \"Father Sergius\" wrote a story in which a prophetic dream is confirmed when, despite barely making it back to the Bashkirs by sunset, Pahom collapses and dies, after which his servant buries him under six feet of earth. For 10 points, name this author of \"Alyosha the Pot\" and \"How Much Land Does a Man Need?\".", "answer": "Leo Tolstoy [or Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy]", "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571948f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102029, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 296], [297, 443], [444, 598], [599, 869], [870, 960]], "first_sentence": "A character created by this author buys a copy of The Lives of the Saints with money earned making boots.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This thinker rebutted the arguments of Michael McCloskey and Howard Egeth in \"Silence is Not Golden,\" an article stating that psychologists had a duty to testify in courts as experts. Various participants evaluated colorful advertisements featuring Bugs Bunny at Disneyworld in an experiment conducted by this researcher. With John Palmer, this social scientist found that using the word \"smashed\" instead of similar words, such as \"collided,\" \"bumped,\" or \"contacted,\" led to people providing higher guesses about the speeds of colliding cars. In another study, this psychologist had interviewees fill out a booklet about four childhood events before informing them that one of them is false\u0096that false event involved the subject being \"lost in the mall.\" For 10 points, name this psychologist whose research discusses the impact of false memories.", "answer": "Elizabeth Loftus", "page": "Elizabeth_Loftus", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719490", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102030, "tokenizations": [[0, 183], [184, 321], [322, 544], [545, 756], [757, 849]], "first_sentence": "This thinker rebutted the arguments of Michael McCloskey and Howard Egeth in \"Silence is Not Golden,\" an article stating that psychologists had a duty to testify in courts as experts.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One religious leader in this modern nation was reportedly tossed into a furnace by his captors, but magically had a tea party in the furnace with the prophet Muhammad. Then, he jumped off his captors' ship, and a prayer mat appeared on the ocean surface to save him. Another religious leader from here, Malick Sy, became the leader of its Tijanist school, while the Layene sect originated in this nation's village of Yoff. The sighting of a Black Madonna at the Natural Reserve of Popenguine in this modern country led that town to be a pilgrimage site. Its Mouride movement is centered on its foremost religious building, the Great Mosque of Touba, built by its famed marabout Amadou Bamba. This nation, home to the Four Communes during colonial times, has its Christian population concentrated in the south in the Casamance region. The Door of No Return is a monument at its House of Slaves on Gore\u0301e Island. For 10 points, name this African nation whose Serer religious tradition was reflected in the name of its president Le\u0301opold Senghor.", "answer": "Republic of Senegal", "page": "Senegal", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719491", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102031, "tokenizations": [[0, 167], [168, 266], [267, 422], [423, 553], [554, 691], [692, 833], [834, 910], [911, 1043]], "first_sentence": "One religious leader in this modern nation was reportedly tossed into a furnace by his captors, but magically had a tea party in the furnace with the prophet Muhammad.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this play's last scene, the main character assumes the pose of Rodin's The Thinker and tells a companion that we are \"both members of de same club.\" The fifth scene of this play is set in a street where one can see a jeweler's shop featuring items whose prices are intermittently displayed in large electric characters. In its opening scene, Paddy sings \"Oh, whiskey is the life of man!\" repeatedly to encourage the main character to drink. The main character is imprisoned at Blackwell's Island after striking a gentleman on Fifth Avenue, though he later escapes and goes to an IWW office. However, he causes alarm when he expresses a desire to blow things up with dynamite. During a visit to the stokehold of a ship, a rich girl named Mildred Douglas calls the protagonist a \"dirty beast\". A scene in which a huge gorilla hugs Yank to death ends, for 10 points, what expressionist drama of Eugene O'Neill that is titled for a primate?", "answer": "The Hairy Ape", "page": "The_Hairy_Ape", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719492", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102032, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [150, 322], [323, 390], [391, 443], [444, 593], [594, 678], [679, 794], [795, 939]], "first_sentence": "In this play's last scene, the main character assumes the pose of Rodin's The Thinker and tells a companion that we are \"both members of de same club.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Further reactions on the products of this process are inhibited by indolizidine alkaloids such as australine, castanospermine, and swainsonine. A defect in this process is the cause of Walker-Warburg syndrome. A defect in the PMM2 gene causes another disorder of this process called CDG-Ia. The antibiotic tunicamycin is a direct inhibitor of this process. An enzyme complex involved in this process contains two ribophorin subunits and bonds to the TRAP complex and Sec61 in the translocon. In one mechanism for this process, the OST complex transfers a certain molecule from dolichol to an asparagine residue. This process is used to tag proteins that are bound for the lysosome with M6P. Whether this process involves the formation of a bond with oxygen or nitrogen determines whether it is \"O-linked\" or \"N-linked.\" For 10 points, name this post-translational modification in which molecules like mannose and glucose are bonded to proteins.", "answer": "glycosylation", "page": "Glycosylation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719493", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102033, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 209], [210, 290], [291, 356], [357, 491], [492, 611], [612, 818], [818, 944]], "first_sentence": "Further reactions on the products of this process are inhibited by indolizidine alkaloids such as australine, castanospermine, and swainsonine.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This dynasty consolidated power after its ascent by convincing the officer Liu Jinzhong (loo jin-zhong) to betray his master, leading to the death of a peasant leader called the Yellow Tiger. This dynasty further solidified its rule by defeating the army of Shi Kefa, a calligrapher who set up the Prince of Fu as a rival emperor and who insisted on being beheaded rather than joining this dynasty. An early leader of this dynasty protested the slaughter of his family in the Seven Grievances. After the previous dynasty's ruler hanged himself on a tree in the imperial garden, this dynasty's rise was aided by the defection of the general Wu Sangui, leading to a victory at the Battle of Shanhai Pass. This dynasty, which thusly defeated the rebel general Li Zicheng, then installed its first emperor on orders of the regent Dorgon. For 10 points, name this dynasty that prospered under the Kangxi Emperor, after it supplanted the Ming.", "answer": "Ching Dynasty [or Qing; or Manchu]", "page": "Qing_dynasty", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719494", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102034, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [192, 398], [399, 493], [494, 702], [703, 833], [834, 937]], "first_sentence": "This dynasty consolidated power after its ascent by convincing the officer Liu Jinzhong (loo jin-zhong) to betray his master, leading to the death of a peasant leader called the Yellow Tiger.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A portrait at the Met by this artist features the breeches of its subject folding into a menacing mask-like face, while a pair of grotesque heads are carved onto a chair and table. In another of his portraits, the wife of sculptor Bartolomeo Ammannti is depicted in profile, and she uses two of her slender fingers to touch a book of Petrarch's sonnets. This artist's portrait of Dante features him holding an open page of his masterpiece as he gazes at Mount Purgatory. This artist of Portrait of Laura Battiferri depicted Cosimo I in silver armor, as he was the court painter for the Medicis until his death. After the capture of Tunis, he made a portrait of a Genoese ruler as a Roman god. He included a greybeard on the upper right of a painting in which he holds a blue fabric, while a love goddess holds a gold apple and kisses her son. For 10 points, name this mannerist artist of Andrea Doria as Neptune and Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time.", "answer": "Il Bronzino [or Agnolo di Cosimo; or Agnolo Bronzino]", "page": "Bronzino", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719495", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102035, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 353], [354, 470], [471, 610], [611, 692], [693, 842], [843, 945]], "first_sentence": "A portrait at the Met by this artist features the breeches of its subject folding into a menacing mask-like face, while a pair of grotesque heads are carved onto a chair and table.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The second ruler of this name had his palace expanded by court architect Raimondo D'Aronco and handled two uprisings at Sasun, as documented by Reverend Cyrus Hamlin. According to legend, the first ruler of this name took a girl named Aime\u0301e du Buc de Rive\u0301ry as his consort after she was captured by pirates - she then took the name Nakshidil and introduced French customs to his court. During the year that ruler of this name ascended to power, his army was decimated at the Battle of Kozluca and he had to consent to the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji. The second ruler of this name moved his seat of government to Yildiz Palace. The Dashnak Association attempted to assassinate that ruler with a bomb-loaded carriage. That ruler of this name set up an absolute monarchy, bringing an end to the First Constitutional Era and the Tanzimat reforms. That ruler was bestowed a nickname by William Gladstone in reaction to his policies in Armenia. For 10 points, give this name of an Ottoman ruler called the \"Red Sultan,\" who was deposed in 1909 through the effort of the Young Turks.", "answer": "Abdul Hamid [or Abdu'l-Hamid; or Abdulhamit; or Abd Al-Hamid]", "page": "Abdul_Hamid", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719497", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102037, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [167, 387], [388, 550], [551, 627], [628, 716], [717, 843], [844, 939], [940, 1077]], "first_sentence": "The second ruler of this name had his palace expanded by court architect Raimondo D'Aronco and handled two uprisings at Sasun, as documented by Reverend Cyrus Hamlin.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "When knots are inserted into a curve or a tensor product surface, the Oslo algorithm modifies these functions to keep the model up-to-date. A method for evaluating these kinds of functions at a given point is given by De Boor's algorithm. The Kochanek-Bartels type of these expressions feature bias and continuity parameters so that tangents can be altered; by setting all of those parameters to zero, those expressions become the simpler Catmull-Rom type of these functions. A set of control points and a knot vector are used to define the non-uniform type of these basis functions\u0096that type of them is often called a NURBS and is used in computer assisted design. These objects are called \"natural\" if their curvature equals zero at their boundaries, and their third order, or \"cubic\" variant is used in constructing Be\u0301zier curves. A piece of metal used by drafters gives its name to, for 10 points, what piecewise-defined polynomials often used in interpolation?", "answer": "splines [or basis splines; or b-splines; prompt on \"NURBS\"]", "page": "Spline_(mathematics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719498", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102038, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 238], [239, 475], [476, 665], [666, 834], [835, 966]], "first_sentence": "When knots are inserted into a curve or a tensor product surface, the Oslo algorithm modifies these functions to keep the model up-to-date.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Two of the ten ancient tropes of this concept are \"Sense organs have different constituents\" and \"Different animals manifest different modes of perception.\" In \"An Apology for Raymond Sebond\", Michel de Montaigne argues that this philosophical notion, which is characterized by the sentiment \"I do not move,\" provides the best possible means of attaining happiness. In his Outlines of Pyrrhonism, Sextus Empiricus argues that by adopting Aenesidemus's tropes of this concept, one can be lead to a state of ataraxia.In its original sense, this philosophical term refers to a state of unknowing posited by Stoic philosophers; it was later used by another philosopher as a method of phenomenological reduction sometimes called bracketing. For 10 points, give this Greek term that, in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl, refers to the suspension of belief when analyzing true phenomena.", "answer": "epoche\u0301 [or epokh \u0304e; prompt on \"skepticism\"]", "page": "Epoch\u00e9", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b9154095719499", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102039, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 365], [366, 515], [515, 735], [736, 880]], "first_sentence": "Two of the ten ancient tropes of this concept are \"Sense organs have different constituents\" and \"Different animals manifest different modes of perception.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This place served as a dungeon for the Anabaptist farmer Fritz Erbe, whose signature was found carved on its walls in 1925. While living here, St. Elizabeth of Hungary built a hospital on its grounds, though she was allegedly forced out by Henry Raspe. During a festival at this location, a group of students lit a bonfire to burn items like a corporal's cane, a pigtailed military wig, and a leather cavalry corset\u0096that festival led two years later to the adoption of the Carlsbad Decrees. This location was also home to a contest in which the sorcerer Klingsor summoned a demon, but was still bested in poetic skill by Wolfram von Eschenbach. That contest, the Sangerkrieg, became the basis for Wagner's opera Tannhauser. Another man was carried to this place in a burlap sack by Frederick the Wise, and thereafter translated the New Testament. For 10 points, name this Thuringian castle where Martin Luther was exiled after the Diet of Worms.", "answer": "Wartburg Castle", "page": "Wartburg", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571949a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102040, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 252], [253, 408], [409, 490], [491, 644], [645, 723], [724, 846], [847, 945]], "first_sentence": "This place served as a dungeon for the Anabaptist farmer Fritz Erbe, whose signature was found carved on its walls in 1925.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The addition of hexa-methyl-ene-tetramine and water to an aryl halide can produce these compounds, which can also be produced from the hydrolysis of an oxazine. The Sommelet reaction and the Meyers synthesis create these compounds, whose simplest version is used alongside sulfuric acid in ecstasy testing kits based on the Marquis reagent. Aryl versions of this functional group can be synthesized by adding carbon monoxide, hydrochloric acid, and aluminum trichloride to a benzene ring in a variant of the Friedel-Crafts reaction named for Gattermann and Koch. These compounds produce a peak at around 9-10 ppm in proton NMR. PCC will selectively oxidize primary alcohols to these compounds, which can be oxidized again to form carboxylic acids. For 10 points, name these compounds that contain a terminal carbonyl group, which are contrasted with ketones.", "answer": "aldehydes", "page": "Aldehyde", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571949b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102041, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 340], [341, 562], [563, 627], [628, 747], [748, 858]], "first_sentence": "The addition of hexa-methyl-ene-tetramine and water to an aryl halide can produce these compounds, which can also be produced from the hydrolysis of an oxazine.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A thinker with this surname proposed the units of \"act,\" \"scene,\" \"agent,\" \"agency,\" and \"purpose\" as five components of his dramatistic pentad in A Grammar of Motives. That philosopher with this surname proposed a construct called the \"terministic screen\" to describe the vocabulary of an individual as a result of their world-view in his book Language as Symbolic Action. Another philosopher with this surname stated that pleasure, pain, and delight are the three types of passions and identified succession and unity as two components of the \"artificial infinite.\" That philosopher with this surname stated that \"greatness of dimension,\" or \"vastness,\" is a cause of the second title concept of a treatise, and that concept arises from terror and not caused by the aesthetically pleasing. For 10 points, give this surname of literary theorist Kenneth and the British philosopher who wrote an inquiry into the origins of our ideas of the sublime and beautiful.", "answer": "Burke [or Kenneth Burke; or Edmund Burke]", "page": "Burke", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571949c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102042, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 373], [374, 567], [568, 791], [792, 962]], "first_sentence": "A thinker with this surname proposed the units of \"act,\" \"scene,\" \"agent,\" \"agency,\" and \"purpose\" as five components of his dramatistic pentad in A Grammar of Motives.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Two characters in this novel are taken to a godown behind the Collector's house on Chamundi hill, only to find that the person they were looking for had left two years ago, abandoning his wife Ammu. People are surprised when the matchmaker Old Granny is able to find a husband for this novel's main character's daughter, who later gives birth to an albino baby named Sacrabani. A character in this novel is forced to reveal that he fathered two of Kunthi's sons out of wedlock, after which his son Raja is killed by watchmen at the new tannery. This novel takes its title from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem \"Work Without Hope.\" After giving birth to a daughter named Irrawaddy, this novel's protagonist has her infertility treated by Dr. Kennington, or \"Kenny,\" allowing her to have five consecutive sons with her husband Nathan. For 10 points, name this novel about the endless struggles of the peasant woman Rukmani, the best known work of Kamala Markandaya.", "answer": "Nectar in a Sieve", "page": "Nectar_in_a_Sieve", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571949d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102043, "tokenizations": [[0, 198], [199, 377], [378, 544], [545, 628], [629, 830], [831, 961]], "first_sentence": "Two characters in this novel are taken to a godown behind the Collector's house on Chamundi hill, only to find that the person they were looking for had left two years ago, abandoning his wife Ammu.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Early in this man's political career, he was forced to flee when his cohort accused him of punishing a governor in Babylonia without authorization, and his supporter Bilitor was put to death after he fled. Several inscriptions attest to this man's loyalty to his wife, the Sogdian princess Apama, a daughter of Spitamenes. One of his greatest military victories came at the Battle of Corupedium, where his longtime rival was killed. He dispatched the ambassador Megasthenes on expeditions to the east, resulting in the production of theIndika. This man's assassin gained the epithet Keraunos, or \"thunderbolt,\" after slaying him. After he was turned away from invading the Mauryan empire, he defeated his rival Lysimachus, and then was succeeded by his son Antiochus I. For 10 points, name this member of the Diadochi who took the epithet Nicator and founded a namesake empire east of the Antigonid dynasty.", "answer": "Seleucus I Nicator [or Seleucus Nicator until \"Nicator\" is read; prompt on \"Seleucus\"]", "page": "Seleucus_I_Nicator", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571949e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102044, "tokenizations": [[0, 205], [206, 322], [323, 432], [433, 543], [544, 629], [630, 769], [770, 907]], "first_sentence": "Early in this man's political career, he was forced to flee when his cohort accused him of punishing a governor in Babylonia without authorization, and his supporter Bilitor was put to death after he fled.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artist's use of bright dots of color that resemble shiny sequins led Alfred Barr to characterize that technique as the \"Rococo\" phase of his career; one such work from that time is a still-life of a cup and a bottle that is dominated by a green background. He glued a piece of oilcloth onto a canvas to create another artwork, which is framed by a piece of actual rope. In addition to making Still Life with Chair Caning, he used a piece of blue paper, sheet music, and a wood-grain pattern on another patch of paper to imitate the form of a guitar. To explain his art, this painter once wrote \"art is a lie that makes us realize truth.\" While in Fontainebleau, this artist depicted a harlequin, a Pierrot and a monk in Three Musicians. This artist's invention of the collage style led a fellow artist to produce the first papiers colles. Separate analytic and synthetic phases characterizes the cubist work of, for 10 points, what artist who often worked with George Braque?", "answer": "Pablo Picasso [or Pablo Ruiz y Picasso]", "page": "Pablo_Picasso", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b915409571949f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102045, "tokenizations": [[0, 261], [262, 374], [375, 554], [555, 642], [643, 741], [742, 843], [844, 980]], "first_sentence": "This artist's use of bright dots of color that resemble shiny sequins led Alfred Barr to characterize that technique as the \"Rococo\" phase of his career; one such work from that time is a still-life of a cup and a bottle that is dominated by a green background.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Jacob Bjerknes names a process of this type caused by the easterly surface winds in the Walker Circulation and the zonal sea- surface temperature gradient; that Bjerknes-named process of this type affects the ENSO. The non-linearity of the thermohaline circulation is driven by the following two processes of this type: the advection of salinity and the convective mixing of deep water. In many models, this type of physical process would move from a metastable state into activity by the firing of the \"clathrate gun.\" One classic example of this type of process is the accumulation of water vapor in the atmosphere, since water vapor is a greenhouse gas; another classic example is increasing ice cover, since ice boosts a body's albedo and may lead to creation of a \"Snowball Earth. For 10 points, name this type of process in which an initial change causes an additional change in the same direction, causing small perturbations to be amplified.", "answer": "positive feedback loops [or equivalents, such as positive feedback processes; or reinforcing feedback; or runaway process; or positive feedback after \"feedback\" is read; prompt on \"feedback\"until it is read]", "page": "Positive_feedback", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194a0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102046, "tokenizations": [[0, 214], [215, 386], [387, 518], [518, 519], [520, 785], [786, 949]], "first_sentence": "Jacob Bjerknes names a process of this type caused by the easterly surface winds in the Walker Circulation and the zonal sea- surface temperature gradient; that Bjerknes-named process of this type affects the ENSO.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The 1991 case of Wilson v. Seiter established that a certain class of people alleging this constitutional violation must show a \"culpable state of mind\" or \"deliberate indifference,\" using the standard created in Estelle v. Gamble. The state was found not to have violated this constitutional protection in Penry v. Lynaugh, though that ruling was overturned by the 2002 case Atkins v. Virginia, which was recently qualified in Hall v. Florida. This protection was first applied to the states in the 1962 decision Robinson v. California, though the seminal 1910 case of Weems v. United States established the \"proportionality doctrine\" in evaluating whether this right had been violated. In Roper v. Simmons, Justice Kennedy used the idea of \"evolving standards of decency\" to hold that Missouri was violating this clause by seeking to execute a person who committed a crime as a minor. For 10 points, name this protection that, along with excessive fines and excessive bail, is extended by the Eighth Amendment.", "answer": "\"cruel and unusual punishment\" [or any descriptive answer that contains the phrase \"cruel and unusual punishment\"; prompt on \"Eighth Amendment violation\"]", "page": "Cruel_and_unusual_punishment", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194a1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102047, "tokenizations": [[0, 231], [232, 444], [445, 687], [688, 886], [887, 1012]], "first_sentence": "The 1991 case of Wilson v. Seiter established that a certain class of people alleging this constitutional violation must show a \"culpable state of mind\" or \"deliberate indifference,\" using the standard created in Estelle v. Gamble.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A staining mixture of Alcian yellow and toluidine blue is used to test for the presence of this organism. This organism secretes a protein that is phosphorylated by Src kinases at its EPIYA sites. That protein secreted by this organism interacts with Crk adaptors of the host cells, causing the host cells to elongate, a morphological change called the hummingbird phenotype. This organism is present in over 90% of patients with MALT lymphomas. This organism produces vacuolating cytotoxin A, and its pathogenicity is based on the virulence factor CagA. This organism can be detected using a urea breath test and its infections are often treated using a \"triple therapy\" consisting of one proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics. This organism's role as the causative agent of a certain condition was studied by Barry Marshall, who drank a broth containing colonies of this organism. This organism burrows into the epithelium lining the stomach to avoid the low pH environment within. For 10 points, name this bacterium that causes peptic ulcers and gastritis.", "answer": "H. pylori [or Helicobacter pylori; or Camplyobacter pylori]", "page": "Helicobacter_pylori", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194a2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102048, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 196], [197, 375], [376, 445], [446, 548], [549, 554], [555, 732], [733, 886], [887, 987], [988, 1063]], "first_sentence": "A staining mixture of Alcian yellow and toluidine blue is used to test for the presence of this organism.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Shostakovich composed one of these dances as an interlude between the scenes in Kovalev's bedroom and Kazan Cathedral in Act I of his opera The Nose. These dances are the final movements of Bizet's Petite Suite and Khachaturian's Masquerade suite. Hans Christian Lumbye depicted the popping of a cork at the beginning of one he composed named for a bottle of champagne. Dmitry Kabalevsky composed a frequently excerpted example of these dances as the second movement of his suite The Comedians. Liszt often ended his concerts with a virtuosic \"grand chromatique\" piece of this type. Music hall chorus lines often perform a certain high-kicking dance to the \"infernal\" one of these pieces from the final scene of Orpheus in the Underworld. Rossini used its driving rhythm for the finale of the William Tell Overture. For 10 points, name this ballroom dance from which the can-can was derived, that imitates the fastest gait of a horse.", "answer": "galops [or galoppades]", "page": "Galop", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194a3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102049, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 247], [248, 369], [370, 494], [495, 582], [583, 738], [739, 815], [816, 934]], "first_sentence": "Shostakovich composed one of these dances as an interlude between the scenes in Kovalev's bedroom and Kazan Cathedral in Act I of his opera The Nose.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An author with this surname was an ardent nationalist who wrote a number of poems about the fictional hill-farmer Iago Prytherch and was praised in John Betjeman's preface to his first widely-published collection, Song at the Year's Turning. Another author with this surname attracted controversy for lifting passages wholesale from Anatoly Kuznetsov's novel Babi Yar for a novel in which recurring, intense pains in the left breast and ovary prompt the opera singer Lisa Erdman, also known as \"Frau Anna G.\", to seek treatment with Sigmund Freud. The author of The White Hotel shares this surname with a poet who described how \"the sabbath rang slowly / In the pebbles of the holy streams\" in a poem from his collection Deaths and Entrances. For 10 points, give the surname of the poet who wrote the lines \"Time held me green and dying / Though I sang in my chains like the sea\" at the end of his poem \"Fern Hill\".", "answer": "Thomas [or Ronald Stuart \"R.S.\" Thomas; or Donald Michael \"D.M.\" Thomas; or Dylan (Marlais) Thomas]", "page": "THOMAS", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194a4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102050, "tokenizations": [[0, 241], [242, 547], [548, 654], [655, 742], [743, 838], [839, 915]], "first_sentence": "An author with this surname was an ardent nationalist who wrote a number of poems about the fictional hill-farmer Iago Prytherch and was praised in John Betjeman's preface to his first widely-published collection, Song at the Year's Turning.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This polity created a government office called the Central Ministry of Culture and Guidance to distribute standard green- and-red textbooks to schools, and monitor newspapers according to the Press Organization Law. In response to formation of this entity, a rival power conducted an emergency drill in which three code words were broadcast over public radio in nine different languages, resulting in a period of panic called the \"Night of the Ducks.\" In order to combat the growing influence of this polity, Operation Blue Bat was authorized to support the opposing regime of president Camille Chamoun. The founder of this entity immediately forced Michel Aflaq to suspend operation of his party, and entered a confederation with the Mutawakkilite Kingdom, which joined this state under the name of North Yemen. For 10 points, name this failed political state created by Gamal Nasser, which lasted from 1958 to 1961, and attempted to unify Egypt with Syria.", "answer": "United Arab Republic [or UAR; or United Arab States; or UAS; or Al-Jumhuriyah al-Arabiyah al-Muttahidah]", "page": "United_Arab_Republic", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194a5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102051, "tokenizations": [[0, 215], [216, 451], [452, 603], [604, 812], [813, 958]], "first_sentence": "This polity created a government office called the Central Ministry of Culture and Guidance to distribute standard green- and-red textbooks to schools, and monitor newspapers according to the Press Organization Law.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Antoninus Liberalis reports that Periphas, and not this man, was the first to have his unusual manner of birth. Polydore Vergil claims that this man raised the child who invented the quadriga. He introduced a new method of worshipping the gods in which cakes, rather than bloody animal sacrifices, were used as offerings. Some sources state he founded the towns of Tetrapolis, Epakria and Eleusis, and that he was a son of Pandion. In another story, this man's daughters Herse, Pandrosus, and Aglaurus opened a box, shrieked, and threw themselves off of a cliff, because they found this man's successor Erichthonius inside. This king judged a contest in which one of the participants planted an olive tree and the other used a trident to create a salty sea. For 10 points, name this autochthonous, half-serpent mythical founder of Athens.", "answer": "Cecrops", "page": "Cecrops", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194a6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102052, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 192], [193, 321], [322, 340], [341, 431], [432, 623], [624, 757], [758, 838]], "first_sentence": "Antoninus Liberalis reports that Periphas, and not this man, was the first to have his unusual manner of birth.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one play by this author, a Minister on an ocean liner listens to various stories from a Long-Winded Lady, an Old Woman, and Chairman Mao Tse-Tung. In another of his plays, a woman gives a monologue describing the muscle and sinews of a man with whom she was in love. In that play's first act a 26-year-old lawyer tries to ascertain the correct age of her nonagenarian client. In another play by this author, a man must explain what a \"brute beast\" is to a character who is told that \"flux\" is responsible for evolution. That play by this author is punctuated with noises made by an offstage jet and concerns Sarah and Leslie, a couple who do not understand love. This author wrote a play in which \"the boy\" is an object of contention in the bickering of A, B, and C. In another of his plays, Nancy and Charlie are visited by a pair of lizards. For 10 points, name this author of Three Tall Women and Seascape, who also wrote Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", "answer": "Edward Albee [or Edward Franklin Albee III]", "page": "Edward_Albee", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194a7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102053, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 269], [270, 378], [379, 522], [523, 665], [666, 769], [770, 846], [847, 959]], "first_sentence": "In one play by this author, a Minister on an ocean liner listens to various stories from a Long-Winded Lady, an Old Woman, and Chairman Mao Tse-Tung.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The semileptonic decay of this particle was studied by the CPLEAR experiment and is currently being studied by the NA62 experiment at CERN. This particle is a member of both an octet of pseudoscalar particles and an octet of vector particles. The branching ratio for the FCNC-mediated decay of this particle was explained by the GIM mechanism, which predicted the existence of the charm quark. This particle can undergo particle-antiparticle oscillations with a frequency proportional to the difference between the masses of its \"short\" and \"long\" lifetime variants. This particle was originally thought to be two particles termed the tau and the theta due to this particle's ability to decay into either two or three pions. That decay was studied experimentally by Cronin and Fitch to confirm the existence of CP violation. This particle consists of a either an up or a down quark or antiquark and a strange quark or antiquark. For 10 points, name this meson which is lighter than the D and B mesons but heavier than the pion.", "answer": "kaons [or K mesons]", "page": "Kaon", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194a8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102054, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 242], [243, 393], [394, 566], [567, 724], [725, 824], [825, 928], [929, 1027]], "first_sentence": "The semileptonic decay of this particle was studied by the CPLEAR experiment and is currently being studied by the NA62 experiment at CERN.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An account of this battle claims that the last descendant of Skanderbeg had his Albanian horse thrown into a ravine at this clash, after that man, the Marquis of St. Angelo, breached the walls of the army camp and began plundering tents. As a result of success at this battle, the city of Ortona was gifted to the Princes of Sulmona. The winning army was aided by Max Sittich and Georg Frundsberg, who led companies of landsknecht soldiers, as well as arquebusiers under Fernando d'Avalos, the Marquis of Pescara. The losing commander was doomed by the defection of 8,000 Swiss soldiers and wrote to his mother that \"all is lost, except honor\" after this battle, which ended the Four Years War. The loser was forced to sign the Treaty of Madrid, though he rebuked it a year later by forming the League of Cognac. For 10 points, name this battle during the Italian Wars which saw Francis I get captured by the army of Charles V in 1525.", "answer": "Battle of Pavia", "page": "Battle_of_Pavia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194a9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102055, "tokenizations": [[0, 237], [238, 333], [334, 513], [514, 694], [695, 812], [813, 935]], "first_sentence": "An account of this battle claims that the last descendant of Skanderbeg had his Albanian horse thrown into a ravine at this clash, after that man, the Marquis of St. Angelo, breached the walls of the army camp and began plundering tents.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A problem in this field of study, which is in the PPAD-complete complexity class, may be solved using the Lemke-Howson algorithm. A counterintuitive result in this field of study concerning the distribution of traffic flow is illustrated by Braess's paradox. That paradox in this field of study illustrates the concept of \"price of anarchy,\" a measure of a system's efficiency under the pressure of human behavior. The technique of backwards induction for solving problems was introduced in a pioneering work of this field. Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson won a Nobel Prize for creating a \"reverse\" form of this discipline, which is called mechanism design. Oskar Morgenstern and John von Neumann wrote an introduction to this field of study, the latter of whom proved the minimax theorem in it. The study of strategic decision making characterizes, for 10 points, what field of study which analyzes Kuhn Poker and the prisoner's dilemma?", "answer": "algorithmic game theory [prompt on \"algorithmic design\" until Braess is read]", "page": "Algorithmic_game_theory", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194aa", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102056, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 258], [259, 414], [415, 523], [524, 658], [659, 796], [797, 939]], "first_sentence": "A problem in this field of study, which is in the PPAD-complete complexity class, may be solved using the Lemke-Howson algorithm.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One member of this family, whose collected writings were published by Charles Wallace, used the motto \"strength guided by kindness\" for teaching children, and had a practice of pulling her apron over her head for one hour each week to pray. Another member of this family wrote a physics manual The Desideratum, subtitled \"Electricity Made Plain and Useful\" based on his experiments, and founded the Kingswood School. Another man with this surname wrote the original words to \"Hark! The Herald Angels Sing\" and many other carols. He served as chaplain at St. Simon's Island in Georgia, where he was appointed Secretary of Indian Affairs by James Oglethorpe. The writings of a better-known member of this family, like A Plain Account of Christian Perfection, inspired people like Francis Asbury to lead the Holiness Movement. For 10 points, name this family which included Samuel, Susanna, Charles, and John, who was the founder of Methodism.", "answer": "Wesley family [or Susanna Wesley; or Charles Wesley; or John Wesley]", "page": "Susanna_Wesley", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194ab", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102057, "tokenizations": [[0, 240], [241, 416], [417, 481], [482, 528], [529, 656], [657, 823], [824, 940]], "first_sentence": "One member of this family, whose collected writings were published by Charles Wallace, used the motto \"strength guided by kindness\" for teaching children, and had a practice of pulling her apron over her head for one hour each week to pray.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One type of these compounds can be detected via the reduction of copper acetate to copper oxide in Barfoed's test, while two different types of these compounds can be distinguished using a solution of resorcinol and hydrochloric acid in Seliwanoff's test. These compounds isomerize through an enediol intermediate via the Lobry de Bruyn-van Ekenstein reaction. These compounds can be shortened by one carbon by oxidizing them with bromine water, then adding ferric acetate and hydrogen peroxide. Conversely, these compounds can be elongated by one carbon via the formation of a cyanohydrin intermediate which is reduced by a palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation or a sodium amalgam. These compounds, which can be shortened or lengthened by the Ruff degradation and the Kiliani-Fischer synthesis, have an asymmetric carbon in their hemiacetal group called the anomeric carbon. These compounds are typically visualized using Haworth or Fischer projections. For 10 points, name this type of compound exemplified by mannose and glucose.", "answer": "sugars [or carbohydrates; or mono-, poly-, di-, or oligo-saccharides; or aldoses; or ketoses; or pentoses; or hexoses]", "page": "Sugar", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194ac", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102058, "tokenizations": [[0, 255], [256, 360], [361, 495], [496, 679], [680, 872], [873, 951], [952, 1029]], "first_sentence": "One type of these compounds can be detected via the reduction of copper acetate to copper oxide in Barfoed's test, while two different types of these compounds can be distinguished using a solution of resorcinol and hydrochloric acid in Seliwanoff's test.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a film by this director, a man states that all beautiful music composed in the preceding centuries is \"false,\" since the title music theorist incorrectly split the \"octave of the gods\" into twelve parts. At the opening of that film by him, a man in a bar has its patrons mimic the chaotic orbit of the sun and the moon. At the conclusion of another of his films, a doctor boards up his home from the inside after he finds a man wildly ringing some bells. A young girl named Etsi commits suicide by poison in that film by this director, which focuses on Irimias's and Petrina's plot to defraud a village of the money obtained from the closing of a collective farm. A circus with an exhibit featuring a giant whale is at the center of this director's Werckmeister Harmonies. For 10 points, name this director, known for his use of long takes and black and white films, who created the seven-hour-long Satantango and hails from Hungary.", "answer": "Be\u0301la Tarr", "page": "B\u00e9la_Tarr", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194ad", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102059, "tokenizations": [[0, 206], [207, 322], [323, 457], [458, 666], [667, 775], [776, 936]], "first_sentence": "In a film by this director, a man states that all beautiful music composed in the preceding centuries is \"false,\" since the title music theorist incorrectly split the \"octave of the gods\" into twelve parts.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One man by this surname married Anne Lloyd, the widow of Thomas Yale, but allowed her to be excommunicated for her views like opposing infant baptism. That man wrote a legal code with John Davenport prohibiting such views. This was also the last name of the youngest Senator in U.S. history, whose secret meeting with the Indian chiefs Greenwood LeFlore and Mushulatubbee led to the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. This surname is shared by the founder and first governor of the New Haven colony in 1638, who had the first name Theophilus, and the lawyer who wrote the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 as a leader of the Mugwumps, with the first name Dorman. More notably, this surname was taken by the widow of John Timberlake, whose husband was replaced by Lewis Cass as Secretary of War in 1831, thanks to his role in the Petticoat Affair. For 10 points, give the married name of that woman Peggy, whose marriage caused scandal during the Andrew Jackson administration.", "answer": "Eaton [or Theophilus Eaton; or John Eaton; or Dorman Eaton; or Peggy Eaton]", "page": "Theophilus_Eaton", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194ae", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102060, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 222], [223, 414], [415, 661], [662, 845], [846, 975]], "first_sentence": "One man by this surname married Anne Lloyd, the widow of Thomas Yale, but allowed her to be excommunicated for her views like opposing infant baptism.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The main character of this story is distressed to learn that another character is related to Hinz and Kunz, the Cupbearer and Chamberlain to the sovereign. Near the end of this story, the protagonist takes a piece of paper out of a locket given to him by a gypsy woman and swallows it. A character in this story shows the protagonist a Bible verse immediately before dying; that character, Lisbeth, was injured while attempting to petition the elector of Saxony. Martin Luther writes a letter condemning the protagonist of this story, who is spurred to action by the vicious beating of the groom Herse and the unlawful detention and mistreatment of two \"blacks.\" Its protagonist leads a growing army to ransack a castle and then set fire to Wittenberg and Leipzig in his quest for revenge against the Junker Wenzel von Tronka. For 10 points, name this historically-inspired novella about a horse dealer from Brandenburg, written by Heinrich von Kleist.", "answer": "Michael Kohlhaas", "page": "Michael_Kohlhaas", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194af", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102061, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 285], [286, 462], [463, 661], [661, 826], [827, 952]], "first_sentence": "The main character of this story is distressed to learn that another character is related to Hinz and Kunz, the Cupbearer and Chamberlain to the sovereign.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This work opens with an \"Author's Notice\" that falsely attributes the quote \"ideas cannot be killed\" to Hippolyte Fortoul. It features a narrator who, at one point, recounts General Mansilla threatening the ostensible protagonist of this work with a candlestick, and in another section it posits a set of 15 questions about the decline of La Rioja. This work was conceived as the second installment in a trilogy, the subsequent volume of which concerned a leader in San Juan province and was called El Chacho. This work, which contains chapters named for the city of La Tablada and \"The Revolution of 1810,\" features a title character known as the \"Tiger of the Plains,\" and bears the subtitle \"Civilization and Barbarism.\" For 10 points, identify this book written as a critique of Juan Manuel de Rosas and named for a caudillo with the last name Quiroga, a work by Domingo Sarmiento.", "answer": "Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism", "page": "Facundo", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194b0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102062, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 348], [349, 509], [510, 723], [724, 885]], "first_sentence": "This work opens with an \"Author's Notice\" that falsely attributes the quote \"ideas cannot be killed\" to Hippolyte Fortoul.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This politician named Bernard Ayandho to be his prime minister, but placed him under house arrest a year later on charges of conspiracy. This person jockeyed for power with the doctor Abel Goumba in a campaign where he advertised his humble origins as a schoolteacher and his time serving as minister in the previous government of Barthelemy Boganda. One of his first acts in power was to disband the monopoly of the \"concessionary companies,\" which allowed for the free mining of diamonds in his nation. After he was restored to power by Operation Barracuda, he was quickly deposed again by the Military Committee of National Recovery under Andre\u0301 Kolingba. For 10 points, name this man who had his time in power interrupted by Jean-Bedel Bokassa, after he became the first president of an independent Central African Republic.", "answer": "David Dacko", "page": "David_Dacko", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194b1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102063, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 350], [351, 504], [505, 658], [659, 828]], "first_sentence": "This politician named Bernard Ayandho to be his prime minister, but placed him under house arrest a year later on charges of conspiracy.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Bloch, Wangsness, and Redfield developed a rigorous quantum mechanical model of this phenomenon. Two different mech- anisms causing this phenomenon cancel each other out in a TROSY experiment. This phenomenon causes intensity losses between pulses in an INEPT sequence. This process can be mathematically modeled by the Solomon equations. The constants that define this process can be measured using inversion-recovery or Hahn echo experiments. This process causes a reduction in intensity over time of an FID signal. This process leads to magnetization transfer between two nuclei in the nuclear Overhauser effect. Larmor precession and this process are modeled by the Bloch equations. It's not coupling, but this process comes in spin-lattice and spin-spin forms characterized by exponential decay times labelled T1 and T2. For 10 points, name this process in which spins return to their equilibrium values after undergoing NMR.", "answer": "spin relaxation", "page": "Spin\u2013spin_relaxation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194b2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102064, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 192], [193, 269], [270, 338], [339, 444], [445, 517], [518, 615], [616, 686], [687, 825], [826, 930]], "first_sentence": "Bloch, Wangsness, and Redfield developed a rigorous quantum mechanical model of this phenomenon.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man argued that the death of the national landscape led the general public to under-appreciate the creative powers of Louis Sullivan in his book Genius and the Mobocracy.This architect used a sky-blue roof, scallop-shaped balconies, and a 172-foot triangular tower of gold in his posthumously-built Marin County Civic Center. Much controversy surrounds this architect's elopement to Florence with Mamah Borthwick Cheney, who later died when Juan Carlton set fire to their residence. A building by this architect features floors that are cantilevered to a \"taproot core.\" That building consists of six \"square levels\" sandwiched between circular mezzanine levels. Another of this architect's commissions from his late phase features a single, continuous, spiral ramp and was inspired by the design of a snail shell. For 10 points, name this architect who created the S.C. Johnson Research Tower, as well as the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.", "answer": "Frank Lloyd Wright [or Frank Lincoln Wright]", "page": "Frank_Lloyd_Wright", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194b3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102065, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [175, 330], [331, 487], [488, 574], [574, 667], [668, 819], [820, 950]], "first_sentence": "This man argued that the death of the national landscape led the general public to under-appreciate the creative powers of Louis Sullivan in his book Genius and the Mobocracy.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This book uses the line \"Riding three days and nights he came upon the place, but decided it could not be come upon\" in its odd poetic epilogue, which is titled \"Reflections upon the Path.\" Its \"interchapter\" asserts that William Empson and George Wilson Knight are the \"best critics of our time\" and claims that \"every deep reader is an Idiot Questioner.\" This book's first section discusses a figure that may disguise itself as the Sphinx in its efforts to \"block the way,\" called the Covering Cherub, and it suggests John Milton's Satan is an allegory for the modern poet at his strongest, while Adam represents the constricted \"ephebe.\" It discusses the Lucretius-derived idea of poetic misprision, or misreading, in the section titled \"Clinamen,\" which is one of its six \"revisionary ratios.\" For 10 points, name this work of literary criticism that discusses how poets struggle with their relationships to their precursors, written by Harold Bloom.", "answer": "The Anxiety of Influence", "page": "The_Anxiety_of_Influence", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194b4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102066, "tokenizations": [[0, 188], [188, 355], [355, 639], [639, 797], [798, 954]], "first_sentence": "This book uses the line \"Riding three days and nights he came upon the place, but decided it could not be come upon\" in its odd poetic epilogue, which is titled \"Reflections upon the Path.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 1963, John Stacey Adams put forth an \"equity theory\" of this phenomenon, which focuses on creating a balance between inputs and outputs. Philip Zimbardo's book on the \"cognitive control\" of this factor, discusses consequences of choice and dissonance. A formula that includes valence and instrumentality is known as Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of this trait. Another theory states that \"hygiene factors\" will not increase this value, but can decrease it if they are absent, unlike \"intrinsic factors\" - that is Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory of this trait. Clark Hull posited that it arises in humans as a result of tension or arousal caused by unfulfilled biological needs; that is known as the \"drive reduction theory\" of this quality. Its \"deficiency\" or \"D\" type is said to occur when one must satisfy a need, according to Abraham Maslow's book about it \"and personality.\" For 10 points, name this impetus that pushes a person toward completing a task.", "answer": "job motivation [or job satisfaction; or job performance until \"cognitive control\" is read; or \"workplace\" in place of \"job\"; prompt on \"behavior\"]", "page": "Job_satisfaction", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194b5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102067, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 254], [255, 366], [367, 572], [573, 753], [754, 891], [891, 972]], "first_sentence": "In 1963, John Stacey Adams put forth an \"equity theory\" of this phenomenon, which focuses on creating a balance between inputs and outputs.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This deity, who was worshipped in caves with a sunken floor for offerings, was the god who governed days with the day sign Cuauhtli, or Eagle. A number of skin and eye diseases required propitiating this patron of goldsmiths, who was the subject of a hymn that called him the \"Night Drinker.\" This god was worshipped at the temple of Yopico. Sculptural depictions of this god and his followers contain telltale crisscross lines across the chest and the back of the skull. A festival involving the so-called \"gladiator sacrifice\" was dedicated to this god, who was also known as Red Tezcatlipoca. This deity was the divine embodiment of life emerging from dead land, and during annual corn planting festivals, priests to this deity would sacrifice victims before donning their skin. For 10 points, name this Aztec fertility god whose name literally means \"Our lord the flayed one.\"", "answer": "Xipe Totec [or Tlatlauhca; or Youalahuan until \"Night Drinker\" is read; or Tlatlauhqui Tezcatlipoca or Red Tezcatlipoca until \"Red\" is read; do NOT accept or prompt on \"Tezcatlipoca\"]", "page": "Xipe_Totec", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194b6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102068, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 291], [291, 341], [342, 471], [472, 595], [596, 781], [782, 880]], "first_sentence": "This deity, who was worshipped in caves with a sunken floor for offerings, was the god who governed days with the day sign Cuauhtli, or Eagle.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man's attempt at securing restitution of the lost property of some hostages led another politician to compare him to Ulysses, who wanted to re-enter the cave of the Cyclops to fetch his belt and cap. He included a diatribe against Timaeus of Tauromenium in a treatise that relies on Timaeus for his account of Sicily. Late in life, he accompanied a general to Spain and witnessed the Numantine War, on which he wrote a now-lost monograph. In Book IV of his surviving work, he describes the structure of the Roman maniples, which is why the Roman army is sometimes named for him. In his early life, this Arcadian citizen of the Achaean League was taken hostage by Rome and made a tutor to Scipio Aemilianus, who he accompanied during the sack of Carthage. Only five out of forty volumes survive of his major work, which describes the Roman Republic as a superpower. For 10 points, name this second century B.C.E. Greek author of the Histories.", "answer": "Polybius", "page": "Polybius", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194b7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102069, "tokenizations": [[0, 204], [205, 322], [323, 443], [444, 583], [584, 759], [760, 869], [870, 947]], "first_sentence": "This man's attempt at securing restitution of the lost property of some hostages led another politician to compare him to Ulysses, who wanted to re-enter the cave of the Cyclops to fetch his belt and cap.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A value named for this scenario is defined as the sum over all inputs p of \"two raised to the negative of the absolute value of the length of p\" and is an example of a Martin-Lof random sequence. The proof of the principal theorem resulting from this scenario relies on constructing a model whose two inputs are another model of the same type as well a string, then having that first model output the opposite of the second model; afterwards it is shown that there is a contradiction if both models are the same. A reduction of this scenario is used to prove that computing a non-trivial partial function is impossible, a result known as Rice's theorem. Chaitin's constant gives the probability that a program successfully resolves this scenario. The insolvability of the Post correspondence problem relies on reducing it to this other problem. For 10 points, name this undecidable decision problem which asks if a Turing Machine will stop for a given input.", "answer": "halting problem", "page": "Halting_problem", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194b8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102070, "tokenizations": [[0, 195], [196, 512], [513, 653], [654, 746], [747, 844], [845, 958]], "first_sentence": "A value named for this scenario is defined as the sum over all inputs p of \"two raised to the negative of the absolute value of the length of p\" and is an example of a Martin-Lof random sequence.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play vows to \"make my very house reel tonight\" in sheer excitement at the news that another character has a letter for him. In another scene, the description of a child running \"after a gilded butterfly,\" continually catching and releasing it and eventually tearing it apart, is provided by Valeria. Gunter Grass depicted a director called \"the Chief\" leading rehearsals of this play in a play of his own about Bertolt Brecht's version of it. A speech describing \"a time when all the body's members rebell'd against the belly\" is delivered to forestall a grain riot by Menenius Agrippa in this play. After the schemes of Brutus and Sicinius result in his exile, the protagonist of this play allies himself with the Volscian general Tullus Aufidius, though his devotion to his mother Volumnia eventually thwarts his plans for revenge. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare play titled for the agnomen, or nickname, given to the Roman general Caius Marcius.", "answer": "The Tragedy of Coriolanus", "page": "Coriolanus", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194b9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102071, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 319], [320, 462], [463, 619], [620, 853], [854, 974]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play vows to \"make my very house reel tonight\" in sheer excitement at the news that another character has a letter for him.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Just before the recapitulation of the first movement of a work in this form by this composer, the principal theme in C major gives way to an E major folk dance, then an E minor variation, before returning to the original C major theme. Another of these compositions features a third movement in which the trio is replaced by an \"alternativo\" consisting almost entirely of E-flat major scales. One of these works by this composer contains a D-minor third movement in the form of a two-part canon called the \"Witches' Minuet\" and gets its nickname from the opening A-D, E-A sequence in its first movement. The first movement of another of these pieces opens with a theme that comprises the notes G-E-F-D-C, a musical acronym for \"Gott Erhalte Franz Den Kaiser,\" a piece by its composer that it also quotes. Pieces in this genre nicknamed \"Fifths\" and \"Emperor\" appear in a collection of them named for their composer's patron Count von Erdo\u0308dy. The nicknames \"Sun\" and \"Russian\" are given to other collections of, for 10 points, what type of chamber piece composed by an Austrian known as their \"Father\"?", "answer": "string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn [or the Erdo\u0308dy string quartets until \"Erdo\u0308dy\" is read and prompt there- after; prompt on \"Haydn quartets\"]", "page": "List_of_string_quartets_by_Joseph_Haydn", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194ba", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102072, "tokenizations": [[0, 235], [236, 392], [393, 603], [604, 804], [805, 942], [943, 1102]], "first_sentence": "Just before the recapitulation of the first movement of a work in this form by this composer, the principal theme in C major gives way to an E major folk dance, then an E minor variation, before returning to the original C major theme.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This operation appears nested within itself n times in the n-th term on the right side of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula. The Wigner-Weyl transform of this operation into phase space gives an operation named for Jose\u0301 Moyal. A term containing a time derivative and a term containing this operation are found in the Lax equation. The expectation value of this operation is squared on the right hand side of the Robertson inequality. A Lie algebra can be defined from any associative algebra by using this operation as the Lie bracket. Computing the expectation value of this operation applied to momentum and the Hamiltonian is done when deriving Newton's second law from quantum mechanics. This operation applied to position and momentum canonically yields i times h-bar according to the uncertainty principle. This operation is analogous to a Poisson bracket on a Hilbert space. For 10 points, name this operation which for A and B is given by AB minus BA.", "answer": "commutator", "page": "Commutator", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194bb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102073, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 230], [231, 334], [335, 437], [438, 539], [540, 695], [696, 762], [763, 770], [771, 816], [817, 885], [886, 963]], "first_sentence": "This operation appears nested within itself n times in the n-th term on the right side of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man, who was originally a deacon in the German town of Wesel, met his death in a hurricane on a merchant ship called the Flying Stag off the coast of St. Christopher, while exchanging liquor for tobacco in the West Indies. His frequent quarrels with the clergyman Johan Michaelius, and other misdeeds, caused him to be dismissed from one post in favor of the drunkard Walter von Twiller, who was in turn quickly replaced by Willem Kieft. This man was then financed by Samuel Blommaert to sail aboard the Kalmar Nyckel, which he landed at a tributary called the Minquas Kill. At that spot, this former director-general of the New Netherlands set up Fort Christina, which was designed as a base for beaver trading with the Lenape. For 10 points, name this man who started the Swedish colony at Delaware, and allegedly used twenty-four bucks worth of glass beads to buy the island of Manhattan.", "answer": "Peter Minuit", "page": "Peter_Minuit", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194bc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102074, "tokenizations": [[0, 227], [228, 442], [443, 579], [580, 733], [734, 896]], "first_sentence": "This man, who was originally a deacon in the German town of Wesel, met his death in a hurricane on a merchant ship called the Flying Stag off the coast of St. Christopher, while exchanging liquor for tobacco in the West Indies.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this man's novels dubs the forces governing an authoritarian state \"the logic\" and is about a former secret policeman named Antonio Rojas Martens, who is on death row for his involvement in the \"Salinas affair.\" His recurring characters include the philosopher Dr. Oblath, who waits in a publication office with Kurti and Sarah at the beginning of a play discovered by the editor Kingbitter in another of his novels. The author of that play, B., first appeared in a novel by this man in which he constantly recalls the word \"no,\" indicating his refusal to subject a child to the suffering of the world. This author of Detective Story drew on his own life for a novel in which Gyuri Koves learns how to survive Zeitz from Bandi Citrom after earlier stops in Buchenwald and Auschwitz. For 10 points, name this author of Liquidation, Kaddish for a Child Not Born, and Fatelessness, a Nobel laureate from Hungary.", "answer": "Imre Kertesz (\"ker-tesh\") [accept names in either order]", "page": "Imre_Kert\u00e9sz", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194bd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102075, "tokenizations": [[0, 218], [219, 423], [424, 609], [610, 789], [790, 916]], "first_sentence": "One of this man's novels dubs the forces governing an authoritarian state \"the logic\" and is about a former secret policeman named Antonio Rojas Martens, who is on death row for his involvement in the \"Salinas affair.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This book considers if Aristotle was wrong about motion being divided into natural and force parts in the section \"What Were Our Ancestors Talking About?\" which examines the impossibility of finding a deterministic answer to the general question \"What did they mean?\" Another section of this book examines the Copernicus-Bellarmine debates and suggests that Thomas Kuhn's incommensurability thesis makes them incomparable to the Lenin-Kerensky debates. Its second chapter opens with a thought experiment in which a group of bipeds on the other side of the galaxy developed breakthroughs in neurology and biochemistry, and thus conceived of human pain as the stimulation of C-fibers. That section on the Antipodeans appears in a portion of this text about \"persons without minds\" in an attempt to refute a certain Greek ocular metaphor. The correspondence theory of truth and the view that epistemology reflects reality are rejected in, for 10 points, what pragmatist book by Richard Rorty?", "answer": "Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature", "page": "Philosophy_and_the_Mirror_of_Nature", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194be", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102076, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 154], [155, 267], [268, 452], [453, 682], [683, 835], [836, 989]], "first_sentence": "This book considers if Aristotle was wrong about motion being divided into natural and force parts in the section \"What Were Our Ancestors", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One member of this family lost a fortune by investing in the Andros Fibre Company promoted by Ambrose Shea, which failed to cultivate the sisal plant. In a speech supporting that decision, he cited the \"undeveloped estates\" of the West Indies as a key to his policy of tariff reform. That man of this surname toured the country with fellow party member Charles Dilke supporting the \"Unauthorized Program,\" promising \"three acres and a cow\" to all farm workers, and co-founded the National Education League. Known for wearing a ribboned monocle, he engineered the \"Khaki Election\" in which he won re-election of the ill Lord Salisbury, who had appointed him Colonial Secretary in the run-up to the Boer War. That man's son, serving as Foreign Secretary, met with Gustav Stresemann and Aristide Briand to sign the Locarno treaties in 1925. For 10 points, name this family of British politicians including Joseph, his son Austen, and a prime minister who proclaimed \"peace in our time\" before being succeeded by Winston Churchill.", "answer": "Chamberlain [or Joseph Chamberlain; or Neville Chamberlain; or Austen Chamberlain]", "page": "Joseph_Chamberlain", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194bf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102077, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 283], [284, 506], [507, 706], [707, 837], [838, 1027]], "first_sentence": "One member of this family lost a fortune by investing in the Andros Fibre Company promoted by Ambrose Shea, which failed to cultivate the sisal plant.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Felsenstein group at UW and the Swofford group at FSU maintain popular software packages used to generate these constructs. Steel and Lake developed a method for creating these constructs which is not affected by unequal rate effects; that method is known as paralinear distances. The accuracy of these constructs can be determined using the permutation tail probability test. These constructs can be combined using methods such as strict consensus and Adams consensus, and they can be constructed using the Wagner and Fitch methods. The organization of points on these constructs is determined by the presence of autapomorphies and synapomorphies, which are determined by the sharing of derived characters. The principle of maximum parsimony is used to create these diagrams. Groups of nodes on these diagrams can be classified as monophyletic or polyphyletic, and they can also be grouped into clades. For 10 points, the evolutionary relationships between organisms are depicted on what type of branching diagram?", "answer": "phylogenetic trees [or evolutionary trees; or phylogeny; prompt on \"cladograms\", \"tree of life\", \"dendrograms\", \"phylograms\", or \"chronograms\"]", "page": "Phylogenetic_tree", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194c0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102078, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 284], [285, 380], [381, 537], [538, 711], [712, 780], [781, 907], [908, 1019]], "first_sentence": "The Felsenstein group at UW and the Swofford group at FSU maintain popular software packages used to generate these constructs.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A leader of this religious sect became stuck in the ground at a certain spot while walking in a garden, and after a number of blindfolded followers also got stuck there, that spot became known as \"the jiba,\" or the symbolic location where all humans were created. After that incident, a wooden stand with the power to create magical food to allow humans to live 115 years was placed in the sanctuary of this faith. One of its primary scriptures is called the \"Tip of the Writing Brush,\" because it was supposedly created automatically. Its adherents attend the nine Besseki lectures in order to sweep away the eight \"Dusts\" that are said to plague the mind in this faith. This sect believed that a figure called Oyasama revealed the teachings of \"God the Parent,\" and taught people to live the Joyous Life. For 10 points, name this religion founded by Miki Nakayama, also known as the Foundress, while she was living in Japan around 1840.", "answer": "Tenrikyo [or Tenri-ism]", "page": "Tenrikyo", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194c1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102079, "tokenizations": [[0, 263], [264, 414], [415, 535], [536, 671], [672, 806], [807, 938]], "first_sentence": "A leader of this religious sect became stuck in the ground at a certain spot while walking in a garden, and after a number of blindfolded followers also got stuck there, that spot became known as \"the jiba,\" or the symbolic location where all humans were created.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this painting, numerous ships with white masts and curved prows lie on one of its vanishing lines, whose vanishing point lies behind a spire that occludes the sun. In an odd juxtaposition, the illumination of stained-glass windows in the left foreground of this painting indicates that it is set at night, but the right background of this painting clearly features the daytime sun. This painting features an aqueduct above a pair of temples that lie on another of its vanishing lines. The sides of this canvas are bounded by an arch that is decorated with green drapery adorned with a star motif. This painting depicts a cathedral amidst a dark forest, as well as a wispy Egyptian pyramid in the background, and its title figure rests on a marble slab on top of a column as he imagines various styles that inspire him. For 10 points, name this painting which depicts a certain profession's fantasy, a work by Thomas Cole.", "answer": "The Architect's Dream", "page": "The_Architect's_Dream", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194c2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102080, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [167, 384], [385, 487], [488, 599], [600, 821], [822, 924]], "first_sentence": "In this painting, numerous ships with white masts and curved prows lie on one of its vanishing lines, whose vanishing point lies behind a spire that occludes the sun.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This book's translation by Thomas Underdowne was used as a source by William Shakespeare for his play Cymbeline. The main characters of this book meet a witch who wraps a piece of hardened dough in laurels and tosses it into a trench so that she can summon the shade of her dead son. Its ninth book recounts the impressive siege of Syene, in which Hydaspes redirects the waters of a river to nearly drown that city's inhabitants. One of this work's main characters is born with a pale complexion because her mother looked at a painting of Andromeda. That woman is sold into slavery by Thyamis, which sets in motion much of this book's plot on her attempts to reunite with her chaste lover. For 10 points, the travails of Theagenes and Chariclea are described in what third century novel by Heliodorus, which is named for an African country?", "answer": "Aethiopica [or An Ethiopian Romance; or The Ethiopian Story; or The Ethiopian History; or Theagenes and Chariclea until it is read]", "page": "Aethiopica", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194c3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102081, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 283], [284, 429], [430, 549], [550, 689], [690, 840]], "first_sentence": "This book's translation by Thomas Underdowne was used as a source by William Shakespeare for his play Cymbeline.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the introduction to one book, this thinker explained he was motivated to write it after being surprised to discover that TheSymposium was a defense of \"homosexual love.\" In that book, this thinker compares eating chocolate ice cream instead of vanilla if the \"price of vanilla skyrockets\" with the choice to \"engage in homosexual or heterosexual acts.\" He announced that he would range himself \"on the side of the Skeptics\" in a 1990 book that credited Jeremy Bentham for the \"pragmatic concept of law\" it advocated. This author of Sex and Reason proposed a model of \"risky sexual behavior\" in an analysis of the AIDS crisis, Private Choices and Public Health. This author of the books The Problems of Jurisprudence and Antitrust Law was appointed in 1981 to the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals. For 10 points, name this leading figure in the law-and-economics movement, who runs a blog with Gary Becker.", "answer": "Richard Allen Posner", "page": "Richard_Posner", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194c4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102082, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 355], [356, 519], [520, 663], [664, 795], [796, 904]], "first_sentence": "In the introduction to one book, this thinker explained he was motivated to write it after being surprised to discover that TheSymposium was a defense of \"homosexual love.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the 1920's, this author took a hiatus and produced an incredibly researched 1000-page biography of John Keats. This poet, who used many \"unrhymed cadences,\" penned a series of poems inspired by the Far East termed \"Chinoiseries,\" which can be found in the collection Pictures from the Floating World. In a poem from the collection Men, Women and Ghosts, this poet observed \"I walk down the garden paths and all the daffodils are blowing.\" That poem includes a scene in which the speaker learns that Lord Hartwell died in action on Thursday and concludes by exclaiming \"Christ! What are [the title things] for?\" She repeats the lines \"false blue, / white, / purple/\" to describe the title flowers of her poem \"Lilacs.\" For 10 points, identify this author of What's O'Clock, \"Patterns\"and A Dome of Many Colored Glass, who wrote poetry in the Imagist style.", "answer": "Amy Lowell [prompt on \"Lowell\"]", "page": "Amy_Lowell", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194c5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102083, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 303], [304, 441], [442, 579], [580, 613], [614, 720], [721, 858]], "first_sentence": "In the 1920's, this author took a hiatus and produced an incredibly researched 1000-page biography of John Keats.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This figure asked his parents if they accepted the crimes he committed on their behalf, to which they replied that he was responsible for them as well as his own sins. This figure's veneration is the focus of a Punjab-centered, dalit-based sect that identifies the Yoga Vasistha as one of its scriptures. While stopping near a stream, this figure was distraught when the male of a pair of mating cranes was killed by an arrow, prompting him to utter a curse against a hunter that became the first shloka. After being convinced to renounce his former life as a highwayman by Narada, this figure meditated for so many years that anthills grew around him. After receiving the exiled wife of the killer of Vali in his ashram, or hermitage, this figure teaches the boys Kusha and Lava to recite a work by him that recounts Jatayu's attempt to rescue a woman imprisoned on Lanka after she is tricked by a golden deer. For 10 points, name this legendary Sanskrit poet traditionally credited with composing the Ramayana.", "answer": "Valmiki", "page": "Valmiki", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194c6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102084, "tokenizations": [[0, 167], [168, 304], [305, 504], [505, 652], [653, 911], [912, 1012]], "first_sentence": "This figure asked his parents if they accepted the crimes he committed on their behalf, to which they replied that he was responsible for them as well as his own sins.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One astronomical mission designed to explicitly study this regime, ROSAT, suggested that Geminga was responsible for the gas in the Local Cavity's activity in this regime. In 2003, a satellite provided strong evidence that magnetars are anomalous slow- rotation pulsars which are optically active in this regime. Paraboloid and hyperboloid surfaces coated with gold and iridium are used to account for the \"grazing incidence\" when studying this regime. A satellite that provides images of this regime produced the first image of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, and the first discovered binary that is luminous in this region of the spectrum was found in Scorpius. Observational telescopes that study this radiation include XMM-NEWTON and NASA's Chandra. For 10 points, name this portion of the EM spectrum that has a higher frequency than UV rays, and lower frequency than gamma rays.", "answer": "X-ray astronomy", "page": "X-ray_astronomy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194c7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102085, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 312], [313, 452], [453, 667], [668, 757], [758, 888]], "first_sentence": "One astronomical mission designed to explicitly study this regime, ROSAT, suggested that Geminga was responsible for the gas in the Local Cavity's activity in this regime.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this dynasty's rulers built a monastery after claiming divine favor for killing 38 heretics when he saw a heavenly light usually identified as Halley's Comet; that ruler's wife sent \"Matthew the Armenian\" as an envoy to Manuel I of Portugal. Male heirs of this dynasty were confined at a mountain prison until they succeeded to the throne or died, as described by the ambassador Francisco Alvares. According to legend, this dynasty was founded by a man who ate the head of a rooster after it was discarded by a royal cook. In a book describing this dynasty's origins, a woman is given a ring to allow her son to identify himself to the king of Jerusalem. The elder Gondarine branch of this dynasty traced descent from its first ruler Yekuno Amlak, and its symbol was a lion carrying a golden cross in hand. Its emperors, like Dawit and Zara Yaqob, claimed descent from the Queen of Sheba in accordance with the Kebra Nagast. For 10 points, name this royal dynasty of Ethiopia whose final ruler was Haile Selassie.", "answer": "Solomonic dynasty [or House of Solomon]", "page": "Solomonic_dynasty", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194c8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102086, "tokenizations": [[0, 248], [249, 404], [405, 529], [530, 661], [662, 813], [814, 931], [932, 1020]], "first_sentence": "One of this dynasty's rulers built a monastery after claiming divine favor for killing 38 heretics when he saw a heavenly light usually identified as Halley's Comet; that ruler's wife sent \"Matthew the Armenian\" as an envoy to Manuel I of Portugal.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character has \"a talent for seeing the essence of every situation\" according to an essay that challenges J. Dover Wilson's \"very dull and very shallow\" interpretation. This character is \"so negative and insignificant that she arouses\" \"disgust\" that \"envelops and exceeds her,\" according to a Carolyn Heilbrun essay. After being accused of \"honeying and making love / Over the nasty sty\" with \"A cutpurse of the empire and the rule,\" this character begs, \"O, speak to me no more; / These words, like daggers, enter into mine ears.\" She pronounces a man to be \"mad as the sea and wind\" for crying \"'A rat! A rat!\"' and urges another character to \"speak to me no more!\" during the \"closet scene\". An eavesdropper is stabbed behind a tapestry in the closet of this character, who is denounced with the phrase, \"Frailty, thy name is woman!\" For 10 points, name this character whom Freud cast as the object of Hamlet's Oedipal desire.", "answer": "Queen Gertrude [prompt on \"the Queen\"]", "page": "Gertrude_(Hamlet)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85170b91540957194c9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102087, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 321], [322, 535], [535, 609], [610, 617], [617, 672], [673, 699], [700, 841], [842, 934]], "first_sentence": "This character has \"a talent for seeing the essence of every situation\" according to an essay that challenges J. Dover Wilson's \"very dull and very shallow\" interpretation.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Thomas Crow's Emulation discusses why the weeping woman on the far-right of this artwork is modeled on a description of Timanthes' painting of Iphigenia. Eight Doric columns partially covered by a white cloth form a right angle in this painting's center background. On this painting's far right is a nurse, who covers her face with a blue shawl. Many critics divide the dark, masculine left-hand side of this painting from the light, feminine, right-hand side. The inscription \"DEA ROMA\" appears below the statue of a goddess at the left of this painting's title figure, who sits on a klismos and holds a decree ordering an execution for attempting to restore the Tarquinian monarchy. Exhibited the week after the storming of the Bastille, this is, for 10 points, what Jacques-Louis David painting that depicts stretchers bearing the children of a Roman leader?", "answer": "The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons [or Brutus and His Sons; or The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons or similar translations involving Lictors + Brutus and his sons; or Les licteurs rapportent a\u0301 Brutus les corps de ses fils]", "page": "The_Lictors_Bring_to_Brutus_the_Bodies_of_His_Sons", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194ca", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102088, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 265], [266, 345], [346, 460], [461, 684], [685, 861]], "first_sentence": "Thomas Crow's Emulation discusses why the weeping woman on the far-right of this artwork is modeled on a description of Timanthes' painting of Iphigenia.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Before major events, members of this culture would lubricate a lid with fruit juice and tree bark then attempt to stick it to a rubbing-board. This culture believed that the liver was a source of supernatural power and that it was transmitted in a patrilineal manner, except in cases of royalty. A monograph on this culture distinguishes between scientific notions, common sense notions, and mystical notions. Contra Lucien Levy-Bruhl, that text argues that this culture's adoption of mystical notions is not necessarily irrational. That book on this culture also uses the example of termites destroying a granary floor to explain this culture's adoption of superstition. Members of this culture engaged in benge, a procedure in which a chicken was poisoned to answer a question about the future. For 10 points, name these peoples whose use of witchcraft, oracles, and magic is the subject of a book by E.E. Evans-Pritchard.", "answer": "Azande [or Zande peoples]", "page": "Zande_people", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194cb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102089, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 295], [296, 409], [410, 532], [533, 671], [672, 796], [797, 924]], "first_sentence": "Before major events, members of this culture would lubricate a lid with fruit juice and tree bark then attempt to stick it to a rubbing-board.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In peptide bonds, one of these phenomena produces a well-characterized signal designated \"NV1.\" The intensity of these phenomena can be increased by d-p mixing or vibronic coupling. CT complexes can undergo LMCT or MLCT examples of these phenomena. In two types of diagrams depicting these phenomena, lines become curved due to the non-crossing rule. In one set of diagrams depicting the energies of these phenomena, both axes are normalized by the Racah parameter. Examples of this kind of process include intersystem crossing, where a difference in spin multiplicity allows this kind of process to occur in a non-radiative fashion. Sandwiching the electric dipole operator between the initial and final state wavefunctions for this process can be used to derive the fact that the azimuthal quantum number must change by plus or minus one, or this process is said to be \"forbidden\" according to a selection rule. For 10 points, name this process by which a molecule's electrons change energy levels.", "answer": "molecular electronic transitions [or electron excitation; or word forms; or light or energy absorption; or photon emission]", "page": "Electron_excitation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194cc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102090, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 181], [182, 248], [249, 350], [351, 465], [466, 633], [634, 913], [914, 1000]], "first_sentence": "In peptide bonds, one of these phenomena produces a well-characterized signal designated \"NV1.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An organization advocating this reform was founded by Pittsburgh Courier editor Robert L. Vann in 1939. This reform would have been impeded by proposed amendments to the Elston Act introduced by Richard B. Russell. Kenneth Claiborne Royall was forced to resign from his Cabinet post because he wouldn't enforce this reform, which a Clark Clifford memorandum presented as a key aspect of campaign strategy. This reform eliminated the unique status of the Montford Point, which had been created as a result of Executive Order 8802. Walter Francis White wrote a draft of the text which implemented this reform, Executive Order 9981, which was opposed by men like Omar Bradley. It was implemented in 1948 as a result of Asa Philip Randolph and others in the March on Washington Movement. For 10 points, name this reform pushed by Harry Truman, which allowed racial minorities to serve equally in the armed forces.", "answer": "desegregation of the United States military [or obvious equivalents for either \"desegregation\", such as \"ending racial discrimination\", or \"military\"; or Executive Order 9981 until it is read; or more specific answers, such as desegregation of the United States Marine Corps]", "page": "Military", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194cd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102091, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 214], [215, 405], [406, 529], [530, 673], [674, 783], [784, 909]], "first_sentence": "An organization advocating this reform was founded by Pittsburgh Courier editor Robert L. Vann in 1939.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After turning down the lead in a stage adaptation of this novel, a character in a different story knocks over a candle at an Italian restaurant because he is angry about being thrown out of his Jewish friend Jules's apartment. That story was written by an author who claimed that this novel creates a \"climate of anarchy and [an] unmotivated and un-apprehended disaster,\" noting the \"overwhelming limitation\" of the \"fearful image\" it \"[attempts] to redeem... in social terms.\" The novel-within-a-novel Fuck from Percival Everett's Erasure parodies both Sapphire's Push and this novel. The protagonist of this novel \"has accepted a theology that denies him life\" according to an essay that traces its lineage from Uncle Tom's Cabin. This novel was criticized in \"Many Thousands Gone\" and \"Everybody's Protest Novel,\" two essays in a James Baldwin collection of \"notes\" named for it. For 10 points, name this novel in which Mary Dalton is suffocated by Bigger Thomas, a work of Richard Wright.", "answer": "Native Son", "page": "Native_Son", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194ce", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102092, "tokenizations": [[0, 226], [227, 476], [476, 585], [586, 732], [733, 882], [883, 992]], "first_sentence": "After turning down the lead in a stage adaptation of this novel, a character in a different story knocks over a candle at an Italian restaurant because he is angry about being thrown out of his Jewish friend Jules's apartment.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An illuminated manuscript of a text originally by this writer was produced in 1467 by the monk Donnus Nicolaus Ger- manus, and is now held in Poland's Zamoyski Library. The Harleian Collection's Miniscule 3686 is a recreation of a work by this man, which had its first modern Latin translation produced in 1406 by Jacobus Angelus based on a copy obtained by Manuel Chrysoloras. The Vietnamese site O\u0301c Eo is sometimes identified with the location \"Kattigara\" mentioned by this man, who created a five-book work consisting of a series of justifications and corrections for data on longitudes and latitudes. Earlier work by Marinus of Tyre provided the basis for the oikumene described by this man, which ran from the Canary Islands to the middle of China. For 10 points, name this author of the Tetrabiblos, as well as the Cosmographia or Geography, a Greco-Egyptian figure who also wrote about astronomy in his Almagest.", "answer": "Claudius Ptolemy", "page": "Ptolemy", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194cf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102093, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 377], [378, 397], [398, 605], [606, 754], [755, 920]], "first_sentence": "An illuminated manuscript of a text originally by this writer was produced in 1467 by the monk Donnus Nicolaus Ger- manus, and is now held in Poland's Zamoyski Library.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An increase in this quantity can improve the mobility of graphene devices to clean them through \"annealing.\" Free layers are aligned in a stationary state along their hard axis by the \"clocking\" value of this quantity, whose \"switching\" magnitude causes the NOT gate of a free layer to reverse from 0 to 1 in a magnetic tunnel junction. Spin-transfer torque is generated by the polarization of this quantity. This quantity is amplified via secondary emission in a photomultiplier tube. The sensitivity of a photodiode can be improved by minimizing the \"dark\" form of this quantity. This quantity increases exponentially when a reverse-biased diode is subjected to avalanche breakdown. A version of it is equal to epsilon-naught times the time derivative of the electric field and was developed because a certain equation fails when describing circuits with capacitors. For 10 points, name this quantity that is related to the magnetic field around a closed loop by Ampe\u0300re's Law.", "answer": "electric current [or I; or current density; or J; or displacement current]", "page": "Electric_current", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194d0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102094, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [107, 336], [337, 408], [409, 485], [486, 581], [582, 684], [685, 868], [869, 979]], "first_sentence": "An increase in this quantity can improve the mobility of graphene devices to clean them through \"annealing.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one work, this philosopher suggests that Adam's association with the demon and poet Abaddon is responsible for the origin of clothing. He argued against Christian Damm's proposed orthographic reforms in New Apology to the Letter H. He invoked a \"muse with a winnowing fan\" in a \"rhapsody in cabbalistic prose\" that defends the Orientalism of the Bible. Another of his works, which is partly titled for the order used to kill Jesus, accuses Moses Mendelssohn of using \"the serpent's deception of language\" to distinguish eternal and historical truths. In pieces collected in Crusades of the Philologist, such as Aesthetica in Nuce, this philosopher ridiculed his prote\u0301ge\u0301 for writing Treatise on the Origin of the Languages. For 10 points, name this author of Golgotha and Sheblimini!, and teacher of Johann Gottfried Herder, who Isaiah Berlin argued was the most reactionary member of the \"Counter-Enlightenment.\"", "answer": "Johann Georg Hamann", "page": "Johann_Georg_Hamann", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194d1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102095, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 355], [356, 553], [554, 727], [728, 917]], "first_sentence": "In one work, this philosopher suggests that Adam's association with the demon and poet Abaddon is responsible for the origin of clothing.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One poem in this language asks \"what will remain after us / will it be lovers' weeping / in a small dirty hotel / when wall-paper dawns\" and unfavorably compares \"generals of the most recent wars\" to Thucydides after the Battle of Amphipolis. The dying speaker of a poem in this language wishes that \"this sad heart of mine in leaves of aloe burn! / And give it then to her who's given it to me\" while imagining his friends drinking at his funeral. \"Those who expected thunder and lightning / Are disappointed\" by the end of the world in a poem in this language, which was used to write several poems that personify humanity as \"Mr. Cogito\". The author of the collections Three Winters and Facing the River used this language to write a book that discusses ketman and profiles Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta, who all give into the Communist state. The Captive Mind is a work in, for 10 points, what language of Zbigniew Herbert, Juliusz S\u0142owacki (swo-VAHT-ski) and Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz (tche-swaf mee-wosh)?", "answer": "Polish [or j \u0327ezyk polski; or polszczyzna]", "page": "Polish_language", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194d2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102096, "tokenizations": [[0, 242], [243, 349], [350, 448], [449, 450], [450, 641], [642, 846], [847, 1000]], "first_sentence": "One poem in this language asks \"what will remain after us / will it be lovers' weeping / in a small dirty hotel / when wall-paper dawns\" and unfavorably compares \"generals of the most recent wars\" to Thucydides after the Battle of Amphipolis.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Paintings of the nativity traditionally include an ox and an ass because of this book's line \"the ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib.\" The hymn \"Beulah Land\" comes from this book's declaration that Israel's name will one day be changed to Hephzibah and Beulah. Its fortieth chapter describes how \"every valley shall be exalted and every mountain and hill shall be made low\" in the process of building a straight highway to God. This book is the source of the idea that Israel should be a \"light unto the nations,\" and its fifty-third chapter inspired the depiction of Christ as the Man of Sorrows. Its narrator begins to prophesy after an angel uses a burning coal to purify his mouth, and predicts that in the \"last days,\" people will beat their swords into plowshares. For 10 points, name this book of the Old Testament whose prophecy of the virgin birth of Immanuel was used as proof of the divinity of Jesus.", "answer": "Book of Isaiah", "page": "Book_of_Isaiah", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194d3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102097, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [150, 277], [278, 444], [445, 614], [615, 787], [788, 929]], "first_sentence": "Paintings of the nativity traditionally include an ox and an ass because of this book's line \"the ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After a defeat, the leader of an uprising against this ruler supposedly watched a city burn from the Mari forest under his namesake oak tree; that leader was beheaded and cut into four pieces to be displayed on wheels before the pieces were burned. This non-French ruler set up two banks for paper currency, including one designed by Giacomo Quarenghi located at the old Sea Market building, and each bank created 500,000 notes of \"assignation\" currency to replace the glut of impractical copper money. One hundred wives and daughters of the Greek Infantry Battalion were enlisted to receive this ruler as the \"Amazon Company\" during a tour of the Tauric provinces. This ruler's threat to intervene forced the Treaty of Teschen in the War of Bavarian Succession. For 10 points, identify this ruler for whom fake settlements known as \"Potemkin Villages\" were erected during her 1787 visit to the Crimea that she annexed.", "answer": "Catherine the Great [or Catherine II of Russia; or Yekaterina Alexeevna; or Sophie von Anhalt-Zerbst]", "page": "Catherine_the_Great", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194d4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102098, "tokenizations": [[0, 248], [249, 502], [503, 665], [666, 762], [763, 919]], "first_sentence": "After a defeat, the leader of an uprising against this ruler supposedly watched a city burn from the Mari forest under his namesake oak tree; that leader was beheaded and cut into four pieces to be displayed on wheels before the pieces were burned.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Robert Schumann argued that this symphony had an ordered pattern despite its apparent \"formlessness\" and presented a diagram contrasting this symphony with the \"traditional model\" in his longest critical essay. This composition repeatedly quotes from the first movement of its composer's earlier cantata Herminie, while its fourth movement is a reworking of the \"March of the Guards\" from its composer's opera Les Francs Juges. The end of this symphony's third movement uses four timpani to depict sudden thunder; that movement earlier has an offstage oboe and a cor anglais play a \"ranz des vaches\" call exchanged between two shepherds. In this symphony's final movement, a col legno melody depicts rattling bones, while two bassoons and four tubas create a \"burlesque parody\" of the Dies Irae. Inspired by love for Harriet Smithson, this symphony depicts the opium-addled composer seeing himself at a wtiches' sabbath. For 10 points, name this orchestral work of Hector Berlioz.", "answer": "Symphonie Fantastique: E\u0301pisode de la vie d'un artiste... en cinq parties [or Fantastical Symphony: An Episode in the Life of an Artist, in Five Parts]", "page": "Symphonie_fantastique", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194d5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102099, "tokenizations": [[0, 210], [211, 427], [428, 637], [638, 795], [796, 920], [921, 980]], "first_sentence": "Robert Schumann argued that this symphony had an ordered pattern despite its apparent \"formlessness\" and presented a diagram contrasting this symphony with the \"traditional model\" in his longest critical essay.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one human microbiome, the onset of this process is characterized by high levels of Leuconostoc that are gradually replaced by Veillonella in later stages. The tumoricidal albumin-derived protein complex HAMLET promotes apoptosis during the involution that follows the cessation of this process. Cap cells in TEBs can differentiate into a group of cells which produces contractile force during this process called myoepithelial cells. This process canonically involves one paracellular and four transcellular pathways in alveolar cells. Bile salt-stimulated lipase is produced during this process, which initially generates a substance rich in transferrin and secretory IgA to provide passive immunity. This process occurs after parturition in an estrous cycle, and it causes the release of colostrum within the first few days. Micellar casein granules are synthesized during this process, which is stimulated via the \"letdown reflex\" by oxytocin and prolactin. For 10 points, name this process by which mothers produce nutrition for newborns", "answer": "lactation [or breast milk production; or breastfeeding; or suckling; or lactose synthesis; or galactopoiesis; or obvious equivalents of the previous; prompt on \"exocytosis\" or \"secretion\"]", "page": "Lactation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194d6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102100, "tokenizations": [[0, 157], [158, 297], [298, 436], [437, 538], [539, 704], [705, 829], [830, 963], [964, 1044]], "first_sentence": "In one human microbiome, the onset of this process is characterized by high levels of Leuconostoc that are gradually replaced by Veillonella in later stages.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This leader, whose propaganda styled him as \"First Peasant\" and \"First Worker,\" strangely promoted the teaching of folk and highland dialects in elementary schools. This non-German leader's government used a golden double axe as the symbol of its official youth group and proclaimed the advent of the third version of his country's civilization. Unusually, his regime was tolerant of Jews, though they were banned from participating in its National Youth Organization, the EON. An October 28th holiday celebrates a rebuke by this man, in which he supposedly said \"Okhi,\" or \"No,\" to an order to station troops in his country. His namesake defensive line was breached during the Battle of the Forts, which allowed Wilhelm List to invade from the north. This man's sudden death in 1941 marked the end of the 4th of August Regime. For 10 points, name this fascist Greek general who governed after a self-coup in 1936.", "answer": "Ioannis Metaxas", "page": "Ioannis_Metaxas", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194d7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102101, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 345], [346, 477], [478, 625], [626, 751], [752, 827], [828, 914]], "first_sentence": "This leader, whose propaganda styled him as \"First Peasant\" and \"First Worker,\" strangely promoted the teaching of folk and highland dialects in elementary schools.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a story, a man who smuggled \"merchandise\" from this city is shot by his son-in-law, who is killed by bandits as he tries to rape the mistress his father-in-law picked up in one of this city's department stores. A character plans to return to this city after he is unable to eat a can of Spam while sitting next to the corpse of a pilot. After killing a man in this city, a character describes feeling pride at \"not being a woman\" to a drug-addicted retired sociology professor in a novel whose sections are prefaced by times like \"half past eleven at night.\" A boy watches the bombing of the H.M.S. Peterel while in this city, near which that boy helps distribute food with Mr. Maxted and is cared for by Dr. Ransome. The American soldiers Frank and Basie are marched to a camp with Jim after he is separated from his parents in this city, where Ch'en assassinates Tang Yen Ta at the beginning of a novel detailing a communist insurrection led by Kyo Gisors. For 10 points, name this setting of Man's Fate, a city that is occupied by Japan in Empire of the Sun.", "answer": "Shanghai [the leadin is from Mao Dun's \"Epitome\"]", "page": "Shanghai", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194d8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102102, "tokenizations": [[0, 213], [214, 339], [340, 561], [562, 720], [721, 961], [962, 1064]], "first_sentence": "In a story, a man who smuggled \"merchandise\" from this city is shot by his son-in-law, who is killed by bandits as he tries to rape the mistress his father-in-law picked up in one of this city's department stores.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This place was characterized as a \"vicious cabal of warring factions\" by the author of God with Revolver. In an unreleased film set here, Rene Ricard gives orchids to a bulimic socialite as they both imitate an Obetrol addict. Another film of this \"cold, frightening, forbidding place\" is dominated by DeVeren Bookwalter's changing facial expressions. A sex club called The Toilet inspired \"ghost pissers\" like Victor Hugo to come here and urinate to produce \"oxidation paintings.\" An assassination attempt at this place was perpetrated by an author who believed that all males should be exterminated in the S.C.U.M manifesto. Paul America, Ultra Violet and Edie Sedgwick worked at this place and were three of its owner's \"superstars.\" The films Couch and Blow Job were created in this place, where its owner made silkscreen prints of Mao Zedong and Marilyn Monroe. For 10 points, name this studio of Andy Warhol.", "answer": "The Factory [prompt on \"Andy Warhol's studio\" or obvious equivalents, such as \"Warhol's workshop\"]", "page": "The_Factory", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194d9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102103, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 226], [227, 351], [352, 481], [482, 626], [627, 735], [735, 866], [867, 914]], "first_sentence": "This place was characterized as a \"vicious cabal of warring factions\" by the author of God with Revolver.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to studies of this language family's kinship terms by Jeff Marck, speakers of its ancestral language were matrilineal. \"Middle\" verbs of intermediate transitivity are a hallmark of this language family, which has been ascribed an \"accusative-to- ergative drift\" based on Kenneth Hale's study of its unusual use of suffix morphemes that convert verbs into a passive form. In many of these languages, the ancestral *k has weakened to a glottal stop represented by the 'okina. Mitochondrial DNA studies on the origin of this language family's speakers cast doubt on the \"Express Train\" model in favor of the \"Slow Boat.\" Similar terms for tapa cloth and the entheogen kava are common in this family, whose Nuclear languages diverged from the Tongic branch, the source of the English loanword \"taboo.\" For 10 points, name this relative of Fijian, a language family that includes M \u0304aori, Samoan, and Hawaiian.", "answer": "Polynesian languages [prompt on \"Austronesian\", \"Malayo-Pacific\", \"Oceanic\", or \"Central Pacific\"]", "page": "Polynesian_languages", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194da", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102104, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 130], [130, 380], [381, 483], [484, 627], [628, 807], [808, 915]], "first_sentence": "According to studies of this language family's kinship terms by Jeff Marck, speakers of its ancestral language were matrilineal.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Since it is a dangerous process, smiths who forge traditional bronze instruments in this country often ritually assume the guise of the culture hero Panji. One ethnic group in this country produces a style of music called kebyar, which translates as \"the flowering of music.\" Women partake in an elegant dance in this country known as srimpi, often within a pendopo pavilion. Instruments from this country include the zither-like kacapi and the stringed non-Indian siter, which is unusually tuned to both the slendro pentatonic scale and the pelog heptatonic scale. A form of song in this country often begins with a buka, which may be played by a two-string fiddle called a rebab. A pesindhe\u0300n singer is part of an ensemble of music, which consists of the gambang - that is played with a mallet, as well as knotted gongs. For 10 points, name this country whose repertoire includes the gamelan, which people play on Sumatra and Java.", "answer": "Republic of Indonesia", "page": "Indonesia", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194dc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102105, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 274], [274, 375], [376, 565], [566, 681], [682, 822], [823, 933]], "first_sentence": "Since it is a dangerous process, smiths who forge traditional bronze instruments in this country often ritually assume the guise of the culture hero Panji.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "As described in the book De Nugis Curialium, one of this man's most loyal followers was questioned by Walter Map, and ridiculed when he claimed that he believed in the mother of Christ, because it was not proper to profess belief in a non-member of the Trinity. An anonymous chronicle says this man repented his sins after hearing a sermon about how St. Alexius died a blessed death, though the account of his conversion by Stephen of Bourbon does not tell that story. He sent a delegation to Pope Alexander III, who refused to legitimize his teachings, which were shortly thereafter condemned at the Council of Verona by Pope Lucius III. This man's followers were often called Sabotiers or Insabbatati for their habit of wearing wooden shoes, though they called themselves the \"Poor Men of Lyon,\" and they preached as peddlers in the Provenca\u0301l dialect. For 10 points, name this wealthy merchant who became a beggar, and founded a namesake religious sect that co-existed with the Cathars in southern France.", "answer": "Peter Waldo [or Peter Valdo; or Peter Valdes; or Peter Valdesius; or Peter Waldes; or Pierre Vaude\u0301s; or Pierre de Vaux]", "page": "Peter_Waldo", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194dd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102106, "tokenizations": [[0, 261], [262, 468], [469, 638], [639, 854], [855, 1008]], "first_sentence": "As described in the book De Nugis Curialium, one of this man's most loyal followers was questioned by Walter Map, and ridiculed when he claimed that he believed in the mother of Christ, because it was not proper to profess belief in a non-member of the Trinity.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Correlations using this quantity were extended by Halm and Stiel using a similarly-defined quantity which represents polarity. The first Mathias-Copeman constant and the kappa parameter in the PRSV equation are defined as polynomials in terms of this quantity. The saturation vapor pressure and several other parameters can be modeled as linear functions of this quantity using the Lee-Kesler method. This quantity is the third parameter in the 3-parameter theorem of corresponding states. The alpha functions which appear in the Soave modification and the Peng-Robinson equation are functions of temperature and this quantity. It is defined as negative 1 minus the log of the reduced pressure evaluated at a reduced temperature of 0.7. Developed by Pitzer, for 10 points, name this quantity which measures deviations from ideal-gas behavior due to the fact that molecules are not spherical.", "answer": "acentric factor [or acentricity; prompt on \"Pitzer factor\"]", "page": "Acentric_factor", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194de", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102107, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 260], [261, 400], [401, 489], [490, 627], [628, 736], [737, 891]], "first_sentence": "Correlations using this quantity were extended by Halm and Stiel using a similarly-defined quantity which represents polarity.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel folds his newspaper into a beak around his nose, then jumps out from behind a tree at his grandson, who he then calls a coward. Another of its characters finds a snake choking on a large toad and stomps them to death, while a third character imagines rhododendron forests while reading her Outline of History. One of this novel's main characters fantasizes about the farmer Rupert Haines and has an enjoyable conversation after going to the greenhouse with William Dodge. A group of people rush in carrying mirrors at the end of the central event of this novel, which consecutively depicts the Elizabethan era, the Age of Reason, and the Victorian Age, and is directed by Miss La Trobe. This novel is set at Pointz Hall, the home of the Oliver family, whose scion Giles cheats on his wife Isa with Mrs. Manresa. For 10 points, name this novel set during a pageant about the history of England, the final completed work of Virginia Woolf.", "answer": "Between the Acts", "page": "Between_the_Acts", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194df", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102108, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 335], [336, 497], [498, 712], [713, 837], [838, 963]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel folds his newspaper into a beak around his nose, then jumps out from behind a tree at his grandson, who he then calls a coward.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a late chapter of this book, the narrator recounts his struggle to realistically imagine Emperor Augustus's transition from manhood to divinity while writing a play about his apotheosis. This book recounts an incident in which the narrator watches a farce about a japim bird for four consecutive hours, which he compares to Igor Stravinsky's Les Noces. After entering a hotel in Goia\u0302nia, this book's narrator imagines being transported on a \"magic carpet\" to Karachi, where he contemplates his malaise on the poorness of India. While travelling on a ship from Marseilles to Brazil, the narrator of this book stylistically describes a sunset to demonstrate that a poetic spirit is a crucial element of ethnography.The line \"I hate travelling and explorers\" opens this travelogue analyzing the Bororo and Tupi peoples. For 10 points, name this work, which was translated into English as A World on the Wane and was written by Claude Le\u0301vi-Strauss.", "answer": "Tristes Tropiques [or Sad Tropics; or A World on the Wane until it is read]", "page": "Tristes_Tropiques", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194e0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102109, "tokenizations": [[0, 189], [190, 355], [356, 531], [532, 717], [717, 820], [821, 949]], "first_sentence": "In a late chapter of this book, the narrator recounts his struggle to realistically imagine Emperor Augustus's transition from manhood to divinity while writing a play about his apotheosis.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to one account, two soldiers from this city named Chromios and Alcenor emerged as the only men alive after 300 of its soldiers fought against 300 soldiers of another city - however, because Othryades stood his ground, this city lost that battle, and as a result, its residents all cut their hair short in mourning and prohibited any gold jewelry from being worn. This city's army was massacred in a grove after the Battle of Sepea, leading the poetess Telesilla to put on a helmet and gather up women and children to fight for this city. This city was victorious at the first Battle of Hysiae, during its rule by the tyrant Pheidon. The king of Epirus, Pyrrhus, was allegedly killed when an old woman from this city threw a tile off her rooftop. This city had its port at Nauplia, and was home to the Heraion temple. For 10 points, name this Peloponnesian city-state just to the northeast of its rival Sparta.", "answer": "Argos", "page": "Argos", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194e1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102110, "tokenizations": [[0, 372], [373, 547], [548, 642], [643, 755], [756, 826], [827, 919]], "first_sentence": "According to one account, two soldiers from this city named Chromios and Alcenor emerged as the only men alive after 300 of its soldiers fought against 300 soldiers of another city - however, because Othryades stood his ground, this city lost that battle, and as a result, its residents all cut their hair short in mourning and prohibited any gold jewelry from being worn.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one paper, this philosopher examines the sentences \"There is a goldfinch in the garden\" and \"There's a bittern at the bottom of the garden\" to consider the possibility of distinguishing mental and physical states. In another paper, this philosopher compared the acts of feeding penguins poisonous peanuts and throwing glass shards on a sidewalk to maim a pedestrian to differentiate between purposely acting, deliberating acting and intentionally acting. A posthumous work by this author of \"Three Ways of Spilling Ink\" and \"Other Minds\" is a series of lecture notes titled \"Problems of Philosophy\" compiled by Geoffrey Warnock. Those notes distinguish between qualitatively delusive and existentially delusive perceptions and refute sense-data theories found in another author's Foundations of Empirical Knowledge. For 10 points, name this ordinary language philosopher who wrote Sense and Sensibilia, and proposed a theory of performative utterances in \"How to Do Things with Words.\"", "answer": "John Langshaw Austin", "page": "J._L._Austin", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194e2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102111, "tokenizations": [[0, 216], [217, 457], [458, 631], [632, 818], [819, 988]], "first_sentence": "In one paper, this philosopher examines the sentences \"There is a goldfinch in the garden\" and \"There's a bittern at the bottom of the garden\" to consider the possibility of distinguishing mental and physical states.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one scene, members of this family are assisted by a stranger who uses a hairpin to kill multiple spiders in a cage of fireflies. The final line of the novel comments on the prolonged diarrhea of one of these characters that lasts until the 26th. In an early chapter, this family dines with the Kyrilenkos and discusses Communist China with them. This family lives next to the Stoltzes, who return to their native Germany before World War Two starts. While at a sewing school, a member of this family is saved from a flood by a photographer who dies from surgical gangrene brought about by complications of an ear infection. One of these characters, who is affectionately called Koi-san, eloped with Okubata before becoming attracted to the photographer Itakura. That one, Taeko, patiently waits for another member of this family, Yukiko, to get married. For 10 points, name this family whose members include a quartet of siblings that title a novel by Junichiro Tanizaki.", "answer": "the Makioka family [or the Makioka sisters]", "page": "The_Makioka_Sisters", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194e3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102112, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 248], [249, 348], [349, 452], [453, 626], [627, 764], [765, 856], [857, 974]], "first_sentence": "In one scene, members of this family are assisted by a stranger who uses a hairpin to kill multiple spiders in a cage of fireflies.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "his battle occurred at a manor owned by Richard Hussey, after the local abbot Thomas Prestbury attempted to negotiate peace between the armies, and Hussey later applied for a license to build a chapel on the site in honor of the fallen soldiers. After one participant in this battle received an arrow to the skull, the physician John Bradmore is said to have poured honey into the wound and invented a pair of tongs to extract the arrow. The Earl of Stafford was killed and his right wing fled the field, under attack from archers recruited from Cheshire, while the royal standard bearer Sir Walter Blount was mistaken for the king and killed. The losing commander here had turned on the king for not ransoming his brother-in-law Edmund Mortimer, and was supported by his uncle, the Earl of Winchester, but sadly did not receive any troops from Owen Glendower. For 10 points, name this 1403 battle in which Henry Percy, also known as Hotspur, was defeated by the Lancastrians under Henry IV.", "answer": "Battle of Shrewsbury", "page": "Battle_of_Shrewsbury", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194e4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102113, "tokenizations": [[0, 245], [246, 437], [438, 643], [644, 860], [861, 991]], "first_sentence": "his battle occurred at a manor owned by Richard Hussey, after the local abbot Thomas Prestbury attempted to negotiate peace between the armies, and Hussey later applied for a license to build a chapel on the site in honor of the fallen soldiers.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "It's not a quantum dot, but the Mollow triplet was first observed in the fluorescence spectrum of a system of this type driven by a laser. For a system of this type, the equations of motion for the density matrix are the optical Bloch equations. The interaction between this type of system and a single mode of an electromagnetic cavity is described by the Jaynes-Cummings model. Under certain conditions, the probability of a non-adiabatic transition in this type of system is given by the Landau- Zener formula. When a system of this kind is excited with a sinusoidal perturbation, such as laser light, it will undergo periodic transitions known as Rabi oscillations. In a system of this kind, the probability of absorption can never be higher than the probability of stimulated emission, so achieving population inversion is impossible. The spin states of a spin-1/2 atom are an example of, for 10 points, what type of quantum system consisting of a ground state and a single excited state?", "answer": "two-level system [or two-state system; or two-level atom; prompt on \"atom\"]", "page": "Two-state_quantum_system", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194e5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102114, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 245], [246, 379], [380, 513], [514, 669], [670, 839], [840, 993]], "first_sentence": "It's not a quantum dot, but the Mollow triplet was first observed in the fluorescence spectrum of a system of this type driven by a laser.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "H.W. Janson discovered a portrait of a woman on the back of one version of this painting, which he identified as the artist's cousin Anna Landolt. This painting was popularized in England when an engraving of it was included in the text of Erasmus Darwin's The Botanical Garden, which has a frontispiece made by this work's artist. The most notable version of this painting features yellow drapery with gray lines, which were painted without regard to illusionistic depth. The Basel version of this painting features a statuette of a naked man and woman engaged in erotic activity on a dresser, while the Frankfurt version repositions the vials on a nightstand to be in front of a mirror. This painting, which provided the model for its artist's illustration of Paradise Lost titled The Shepherd's Dream, features an ethereal horse poking its head through some curtains, as well as an incubus on top of an erotically posed woman. For 10 points, name this Romantic masterpiece of Henry Fuseli.", "answer": "The Nightmare", "page": "The_Nightmare", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194e6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102115, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 331], [332, 472], [473, 688], [689, 770], [771, 929], [930, 992]], "first_sentence": "H.W. Janson discovered a portrait of a woman on the back of one version of this painting, which he identified as the artist's cousin Anna Landolt.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author berated a \"vile crew\" for having left \"no altars, fanes undesecrate\" because \"no deed's too foul for you!\" in a poem inspired by a monument to one of his countrymen. A character who is disappointed to learn that \"the life of the universe is a perpetual circle of production and destruction\", and thus nothing in the world can be free from suffering, is eaten by lions at the end of this author's \"Dialogue Between Nature and an Icelander,\" one of his Small Moral Works. The Jonathan Galassi translation of one of this man's poems begins by describing a \"lonely hill\" that \"was always dear to me\" and imagines a \"depthless calm\" in which the poet's mind sinks, noting \"floundering is sweet in such a sea.\" He wrote \"When truth appeared, you fell, poor one\" in a poem which asks the title woman \"do you recall those days of mortal life when beauty sparkled in your quick and gleaming eyes[?]\" For 10 points, name this Italian Romantic poet of \"L'Infinito\", whose many Canti include \"To Silvia.\"", "answer": "Giacomo Leopardi [or Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi]", "page": "Giacomo_Leopardi", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194e7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102116, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 177], [178, 481], [482, 716], [717, 902], [903, 1004]], "first_sentence": "This author berated a \"vile crew\" for having left \"no altars, fanes undesecrate\" because \"no deed's too foul for you!\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "With Theodore Walraven, this scientist proved that the light of the Crab Nebula was polarized by an incredibly strong magnetic field from within it. An estimate of the local mass density that is implied by the movement of stars is known as this man's namesake limit. In a 1927 paper, this scientist proved one of Bertil Lindblad's hypotheses when he used the differential motion of stars to propose a mathematical framework that assumes the existence of a globular cluster at the center of the Milky Way; in doing so he derived a quantity that scales with the azimuthal shear and another quantity that scales with vorticity, which are his namesake constants. Richard Mueller hypothesized the existence of Nemesis, a star that would cause mass extinctions when it perturbs a region named for this man. Ernst O\u0308pik theorized that long period comets originated in that region named for this scientist, which is comprised of icy planetesimals. For 10 points, long term comets originate from what Dutch astronomer's namesake \"cloud?\"", "answer": "Jan Hendrik Oort", "page": "Jan_Oort", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194e8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102117, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 266], [267, 658], [659, 800], [801, 939], [940, 1028]], "first_sentence": "With Theodore Walraven, this scientist proved that the light of the Crab Nebula was polarized by an incredibly strong magnetic field from within it.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During one incident in this state, three thousand men secretly marched to the capitol to read a declaration of war to governor William Glasscock, leading him to declare martial law - the causes of that event were investigated by the Kern Resolution. During another incident in this state, Mayor Cabell Testerman refused to accept a bribe to place machine guns on the roof of his jewelry shop, and Ed Chambers was shot dead while walking in a courtroom, leading a group to present a list of demands to governor Ephraim Morgan. After the death of Albert Felts in this state led to a trial where his killer was acquitted, a standoff occurred between Don Chafin and men led by Bill Blizzard. This state witnessed confrontations at Paint Creek and Cabin Creek in 1912, as well as the Battle of Blair Mountain and the Matewan Massacre. For 10 points, name this state whose Logan County was a hotbed for standoffs involving the United Mine Workers, who protested at its capital of Charleston.", "answer": "West Virginia", "page": "West_Virginia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194e9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102118, "tokenizations": [[0, 249], [250, 525], [526, 687], [688, 829], [830, 985]], "first_sentence": "During one incident in this state, three thousand men secretly marched to the capitol to read a declaration of war to governor William Glasscock, leading him to declare martial law - the causes of that event were investigated by the Kern Resolution.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The sight of one of these figures transforming into a parrot caused Vyasa to ejaculate onto a stick, leading to the birth of his parrot-headed son Shuka. In the Mahabharata,Vishwakarma created another of these figures that stopped the rampage of Sunda and Upasunda. Ghritachi and Tilottama are two of these figures, another of whom was given a jar filled with Mitra and Varuna's semen. Though the Manu Shastra state that the first thirteen of them were created to accompany the first seven Manus, other sources state that they were born from the union of Arishta and Kasyapa. Most accounts state that they were born as a result of the Churning of the Ocean. These inhabitants of Devaloka were married to the musically-skilled gandharvas, and their number includes the very beautiful Urvashi, who seduced King Puravanas. For 10 points, name these celestial dancing nymphs of Hindu mythology.", "answer": "apsaras [or apsarasas]", "page": "Apsara", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194ea", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102119, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 265], [266, 385], [386, 575], [576, 657], [658, 819], [820, 890]], "first_sentence": "The sight of one of these figures transforming into a parrot caused Vyasa to ejaculate onto a stick, leading to the birth of his parrot-headed son Shuka.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Near the end of this story, the \"Man in the Moon\" says \"Oho, the old Earth is frolicsome to-night!\" after hearing a \"far bellow\" of laughter. The main character of this story offends a man whose speech is constantly punctuated with a pair of \"sepulchral hems.\" Its protagonist is suspected of being the escaped bondservant Hezekiah Mudge when he poses a question to an innkeeper. This story opens by describing the misfortunes of six governors in the last forty years, and closes with its main character being told that he might be able to \"rise in the world\" without the title figure. Its action begins with the protagonist disembarking a ferry with his oak cudgel. The protagonist eventually meets a man with two protrusions on his forehead whose face is painted half-red and half-black, who predicts the arrival of a procession including the title character. For 10 points, name this Nathaniel Hawthorne story in which Robin eventually meets the titular tarred-and-feathered relative.", "answer": "\"My Kinsman, Major Molineux\"", "page": "My_Kinsman,_Major_Molineux", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194eb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102120, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 141], [142, 259], [259, 379], [380, 585], [586, 666], [667, 861], [862, 987]], "first_sentence": "Near the end of this story, the \"Man in the Moon\" says \"Oho, the old Earth is frolicsome to-night!\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A piano concerto by this composer features a middle Larghetto movement in G major and does not employ any strings. This composer's unusually scored works include a double concerto for piano and violin in G Major, as well as a mandolin concerto for Bartholomeo Bortolazzi. His B minor piano concerto is the best known of his eight piano concerti, and heavily influenced the piano concerti of Chopin. This composer re-arranged his own D minor piano septet for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass, a lineup that inspired the instrumentation of Franz Schubert's Trout Quintet. A concerto by this composer is usually played today in the key of E flat instead of its original E, and, like Joseph Haydn's work of the same type, was composed for Anton Weidinger. For 10 points, name this Austrian pupil of Mozart who composed a still-performed trumpet concerto and wrote a \"Complete Theoretical and Practical\" manual for playing the piano.", "answer": "Johann Nepomuk Hummel", "page": "Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194ec", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102121, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 271], [272, 398], [399, 581], [582, 763], [764, 940]], "first_sentence": "A piano concerto by this composer features a middle Larghetto movement in G major and does not employ any strings.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Near the end of this essay, the author bemoans that \"old medieval theories of protection and personal dependence\" have been mixed with \"modern theories of independence and individual liberty,\" causing a double harm. It begins by pointing out that runaway horses cause more damage than floods, and consumption kills more people than yellow fever, but newspapers only care about public calamities. It first appeared in print as the last entry in a namesake book, after the essay \"The Cooperative Commonwealth\" - that book was edited by the author's student Albert Galloway Keller. The author writes that \"vice is its own curse\" and that nature left alone cures vice, because \"a drunkard in the gutter is just where he ought to be.\" This essay repeatedly posits figures dubbed \"A\" and \"B\" who try to pass laws to help the suffering, but in doing so, they only burden the title figure, an honest laborer. For 10 points, name this essay by William Graham Sumner, which praises a figure that society never thinks about.", "answer": "\"The Forgotten Man\"", "page": "Forgotten_man", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194ed", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102122, "tokenizations": [[0, 215], [216, 395], [396, 578], [579, 728], [728, 729], [730, 900], [901, 1013]], "first_sentence": "Near the end of this essay, the author bemoans that \"old medieval theories of protection and personal dependence\" have been mixed with \"modern theories of independence and individual liberty,\" causing a double harm.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Erik Jarvik reclassified these organisms as members of the less-complex holocephalians after examining the premaxillary bones of their skull roofs. The male members of the Lepidosiren genus of these animals develop vascularized filaments in their pelvic appendages so that they provide oxygen to their eggs. The Protopterus, but not the Neoceratodus, type of these sarcopterygians engages in estivation by creating a cocoon of mucus and burying itself in mud. The \"marbled\" African type of these animals has the largest known animal genome, while the South American type of these so-called \"living fossils\" possess two of the namesake structures, which it uses in place of gills during certain times of the year. For 10 points, name these most primitive living fish, which are able to sustain themselves by consuming oxygen from air.", "answer": "lungfish [or salamanderfish; or dipnoi; or barramunda]", "page": "Lungfish", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194ee", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102123, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 307], [308, 459], [460, 712], [713, 833]], "first_sentence": "Erik Jarvik reclassified these organisms as members of the less-complex holocephalians after examining the premaxillary bones of their skull roofs.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One member of this clan was exiled from its domain but allowed to return after the rise of its daimyo Nariakira, whose stepmother Yura promoted her son Hisamitsu as lord of this territory, and allegedly cast black magic on Nariakira's heirs. That member of this clan, Okubo Toshimichi, was a great diplomat who forged a secret alliance with its longtime rival, led by Kido Koin. This clan was plunged into war by the Namamugi Incident, in which one of its retainers killed the merchant Charles Lennox Richardson. After forming a secret pact with Choshu, this domain opposed the shogun at Toba-Fushima. This clan's stronghold Kagoshima Castle was shelled by the British navy in a namesake war in 1863. This clan, which conquered the Ryukyu Islands and made them pay tribute, was also led by a figure defeated at the Battle of Shiroyama, the enormously fat samurai Saigo Takamori. For 10 points, identify this domain that was the namesake of an 1877 rebellion against the Meiji government.", "answer": "Satsuma domain or clan [or Shimazu; or the Kagoshima Domain until \"Kagoshima\" is read; the war referred to is the \"Anglo-Satsuma War of 1863\"]", "page": "Satsuma_Domain", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194ef", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102124, "tokenizations": [[0, 241], [242, 378], [379, 512], [513, 601], [602, 700], [701, 878], [879, 987]], "first_sentence": "One member of this clan was exiled from its domain but allowed to return after the rise of its daimyo Nariakira, whose stepmother Yura promoted her son Hisamitsu as lord of this territory, and allegedly cast black magic on Nariakira's heirs.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a protein that regulates the transport of this element, it is bound by an aspartate, a histidine, and two tyrosine residues inside an N-lobe and a C-lobe. Along with two phosphorus atoms, this heteroatom is found in the center of a Josiphos ligand. A high binding affinity for this element is possessed by enterobactin, which is an example of a siderophore. Several proteins which regulate the metabolism of this element contain a specific stem-loop motif in their mRNA transcripts known as this element's namesake \"response element.\" This element is found in the center of cytochrome c, and it is surrounded by a tetrapyrrole group in a certain cofactor. This element is sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl ligands in a compound which is the prototypical example of a metallocene. For 10 points, name this element which forms namesake clusters with sulfur in several proteins and is found in the center of hemoglobin.", "answer": "iron [or Fe]", "page": "Iron", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194f0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102125, "tokenizations": [[0, 157], [158, 251], [252, 360], [361, 536], [536, 658], [659, 788], [789, 925]], "first_sentence": "In a protein that regulates the transport of this element, it is bound by an aspartate, a histidine, and two tyrosine residues inside an N-lobe and a C-lobe.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At one point, this text asks whether the \"judging mind\" has a need for a theory of Ro\u0308ntgen's rays, a theory of \"mind-stuff\" and a conviction about the causality of conscious states. In its tenth and final numbered section, this essay cites Charles Secretan's belief that \"perfection is eternal\" to illustrate the author's sentiment that \"the best things are the more eternal things.\" This essay uses the example \"choos[ing] between going out with your umbrella or without it\" to distinguish between forced and avoidable options. This essay then defines a genuine option as one that is living, forced and momentous. This essay argues that it is our duty to know the truth and to avoid the error, and it takes issue with W.K. Clifford's suggestion that it is wrong to engage in the title activity without sufficient evidence. For 10 points, name this defense of religious faith, a lecture by William James.", "answer": "\"The Will to Believe\"", "page": "The_Will_to_Believe", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194f1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102126, "tokenizations": [[0, 182], [183, 383], [383, 384], [385, 529], [530, 615], [616, 824], [825, 905]], "first_sentence": "At one point, this text asks whether the \"judging mind\" has a need for a theory of Ro\u0308ntgen's rays, a theory of \"mind-stuff\" and a conviction about the causality of conscious states.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Several members of this group were captured in a surprise attack by the rebel leader Nameisis, whose horses died crossing the icy river of Lielupe, and whose castle at Tervete was burned down by this group. At that time, this group was based at Dobele Castle. One of its earliest leaders was Volquin, who based its operation at Cesis, but was defeated at the Battle of Saule, forcing this group to reorganize after a joint attack by the Zamgallians and the Samogitians. The lands conquered by this organization were known as Terra Mariana. Its final leader Gotthard Kettler was defeated at Ergeme and became the \"Duke of Courland and Semigallia\" after this group was dissolved in 1561, in the midst of a war which shares its name with this group. Originally known as the Brothers of the Sword, this group was pushed back at the Battle of Lake Peipus by the Novgorod Republic. For 10 points, name this order which worked with the Teutonic Knights to crusade against pagans in Lithuania.", "answer": "Livonian Order [or Livonian Order after \"order\" is read; Livonian Knights; or Order of the Brothers of the Sword until it is read; or Fratres Militiae Christi; or Schwertbruderorden; or Livonian Militia of Christ; or obvious equiva- lents]", "page": "Livonian_Order", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194f2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102127, "tokenizations": [[0, 206], [207, 259], [260, 469], [470, 539], [540, 746], [747, 875], [876, 985]], "first_sentence": "Several members of this group were captured in a surprise attack by the rebel leader Nameisis, whose horses died crossing the icy river of Lielupe, and whose castle at Tervete was burned down by this group.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Synthesis of thiophenols from phenols can be performed using one of these reactions named for Newman and Kwart. Silyl ethers can be synthesized using one of these reactions named for Brook. This type of reaction is responsible for the \"ring walk\" in certain bicyclic compounds. Another example of this type of reaction involves the O-acylation of a hydroxamic acid followed by hydrolysis to produce a primary amine. This type of reaction produces an imine from a protonated hydrazone in the second step of the Fischer indole synthesis. The Lossen reaction is one of these reactions, as is the thermal decomposition of an acyl azide into an isocyanate via release of nitrogen gas. This type of reaction is exemplified by hydride shifts as well as a pericyclic isomerization of a 1,5-diene in a sigmatropic fashion. For 10 points, name these reactions which alter the carbon skeleton of a molecule, which include examples named for Curtius and Cope.", "answer": "rearrangements", "page": "Rearrangement_reaction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194f3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102128, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 189], [190, 277], [278, 415], [416, 535], [536, 679], [680, 813], [814, 947]], "first_sentence": "Synthesis of thiophenols from phenols can be performed using one of these reactions named for Newman and Kwart.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A tenor in this piece urges himself to remain patient while accompanied by contrasting calm legato notes and agitated dotted rhythms in the aria \"Geduld, Geduld.\" This piece uses the oboe da caccia to accompany tragic moments, such as the recitative \"O Schmerz.\" It begins with a turba in 12/8 time that becomes a call and response between two antiphonal choruses before a children's choir joins in to sing the hymn \"O Lamm Gottes.\" This choral work features five chorales based on the hymn \"O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden,\" as well as the aria \"Erbarme dich,\" a lament sung by Peter. The Vox Christi in this work is accompanied by sustained strings until the words \"Eli eli lama sabacthani.\" In 1829, its composer's reputation was revived when it was conducted by Felix Mendelssohn. For 10 points, name this choral work by Johann Sebastian Bach set to the first book of the New Testament.", "answer": "St. Matthew Passion [or Matthaus-Passion; or BWV 244]", "page": "St_Matthew_Passion", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194f4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102129, "tokenizations": [[0, 161], [161, 261], [261, 431], [431, 582], [583, 689], [689, 781], [782, 887]], "first_sentence": "A tenor in this piece urges himself to remain patient while accompanied by contrasting calm legato notes and agitated dotted rhythms in the aria \"Geduld, Geduld.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A long chapter of this book describes Foppl's brutal rape of an African slave named Sarah. This novel gives the backstory of Shale Schoenmaker, who was inspired to become a plastic surgeon after his idol, the pilot Evan Godolphin, disfigured his face in a plane crash. A chapter of this novel opens with one of the main characters learning about the theory of \"psychodontia\" from Dr. Dudley Eigenvalue. An early chapter of this book is a reworking of its author's short story \"Under the Rose,\" and this book introduces the author's recurring character of Kurt Mondaugen, who witnesses the Great Herero Uprising while in German Southwest Africa. The beginning of this book features an alligator hunt through the sewers of Manhattan by a member of the Whole Sick Crew. It ostensibly follows Benny Profane and Herbert Stencil, who search for the mysterious title woman. For 10 points, name this first novel of Thomas Pynchon.", "answer": "V.", "page": "V.", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194f5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102130, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 268], [269, 402], [403, 644], [645, 766], [767, 866], [867, 922]], "first_sentence": "A long chapter of this book describes Foppl's brutal rape of an African slave named Sarah.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A type 4 generating function for a canonical transformation is a function of time and this quantity before and after the transformation. Hamilton's characteristic function generates a transformation in which all values of this quantity become constants of the motion. For a charged particle moving in a magnetic field, the classical value for this quantity in absence of the field, plus the product of the particle's charge and the magnetic vector potential, gives its \"canonical\" value. A coordinate is \"cyclic\" if the coordinate's canonically conjugate value for the generalized form of quantity is conserved\u0096this is the case for any generalized coordinate Q because it equals the partial derivative of the Lagrangian with respect to the generalized velocity Q-dot. It is said to be \"conjugate\" to position, since it is equal to the Fourier transform of position. For 10 points, name this quantity that, in Newtonian mechanics, is conserved in both inelastic and elastic collisions.", "answer": "linear momentum [or generalized momentum; or canonical momentum; or conjugate momentum; do not accept \"angular momentum\"]", "page": "Momentum", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194f6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102131, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 267], [268, 487], [488, 767], [768, 865], [866, 984]], "first_sentence": "A type 4 generating function for a canonical transformation is a function of time and this quantity before and after the transformation.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An enthusiast of this topic visited Amorphous Island, whose first king ate a monolith and had sex with his harem inside of it, and whose second king chased away all the fish by building railroads. Its major Canadian practitioner is Christian Bo\u0308k, whose book Crystallography uses the study of crystals to explain language. A Boris Vian book asking \"What's That?,\" in regards to this topic was published by a London college whose Committee for Hirsutism and Pogonotrophy is devoted to it. Practitioners of this discipline must make their language resemble syzygies, since \"a word must transfix a momentary conjunction or opposition of meanings.\" Dr. Faustroll is a figure in this movement, which \"seeks to understand the universe that is supplementary to our own.\" The study of what lies beyond metaphysics is at the center of, for 10 points, what \"science of imaginary solutions\" created by Alfred Jarry?", "answer": "pataphysics", "page": "'Pataphysics", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194f7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102132, "tokenizations": [[0, 196], [197, 322], [323, 487], [488, 644], [645, 763], [764, 904]], "first_sentence": "An enthusiast of this topic visited Amorphous Island, whose first king ate a monolith and had sex with his harem inside of it, and whose second king chased away all the fish by building railroads.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This kingdom was revived as a semi-independent state under two kings named Kamnaskires, who set up a mint to produce coins, which was later discovered by Alfred von Gutschmid. A governor in this kingdom, Athibu, is attested as ruling at its city of Kabnak. One king of these peoples, Khum-bannu-mena, was granted the epithet \"Expander of the Empire\" and was the fourth king of its Anzanite line. Another ruler of this kingdom installed his son Warad-Sin on the throne of Larsa. This kingdom's primary deity Inshushinak was said to rise to heaven every night from a temple built at its capital of Choga Zambil, which contains the massive ziggurat of Untash-gal. This kingdom destroyed the Kassites during their sack of Babylon in which they captured Hammurabi's stele. Based at the cities of Anshan and Susa, for 10 points, name this kingdom of ancient Iran.", "answer": "Elamites [or Elymais; or Hatamti; or Atamti]", "page": "Elam", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194f8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102133, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 256], [257, 395], [396, 477], [478, 660], [661, 767], [768, 857]], "first_sentence": "This kingdom was revived as a semi-independent state under two kings named Kamnaskires, who set up a mint to produce coins, which was later discovered by Alfred von Gutschmid.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the second scene of this play, a man quotes Friedrich Nietzsche, saying that \"we can never entirely possess the female soul.\" The first scene in this play includes a conversation about how a character's mother took a trip to the south for which she borrowed that character's car jack. It joins the plays Widows and Reader in its author's \"Resistance Trilogy.\" A character calls attention to a man's having said \"Stud\" instead of \"Bud\" during this play's climax, which ends with selections from Mozart's \"Dissonant Quartet\" being played while a mirror is lowered in front of the audience. A character named to the president's \"Commission\" is assisted after suffering a flat tire by the antagonist of this play. During much of this play, Gerardo defends Dr. Roberto Miranda, who is accused of torturing and raping Gerardo's wife Paulina Salas. For 10 points, name this anti-Pinchot play by Ariel Dorfman, which takes its name from a Franz Schubert string quartet.", "answer": "Death and the Maiden", "page": "Death_and_the_Maiden_(play)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194f9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102134, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [127, 287], [288, 361], [361, 362], [363, 590], [591, 712], [713, 844], [845, 964]], "first_sentence": "In the second scene of this play, a man quotes Friedrich Nietzsche, saying that \"we can never entirely possess the female soul.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Later in life, this man purchased a vacation ranch in Hood River, Oregon, though he also owned a house named \"Mount Hood\" that he built in Winona Lake, Indiana. He hired Homer Rodeheaver and Virginia Asher to work under him, after initially working as an assistant to J. Wilbur Chapman. He married the daughter of an ice cream baron, and that woman Nell Thompson managed his business dealings. This man created the motto \"Get on the Water Wagon\" to support Prohibition and went on tours known as the \"sawdust trail.\" He first came to national attention after Cap Anson convinced A.G Spalding that this man's tremendous speed would make him a fine outfielder for the Chicago White Stockings. For 10 points, name this baseball player who traveled the country to speak at wooden tabernacles, the best-known evangelical preacher in early 20th century America.", "answer": "William Ashley \"Billy\" Sunday", "page": "Billy_Sunday", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194fa", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102135, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 286], [287, 393], [394, 516], [517, 690], [691, 855]], "first_sentence": "Later in life, this man purchased a vacation ranch in Hood River, Oregon, though he also owned a house named \"Mount Hood\" that he built in Winona Lake, Indiana.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The toxin streptolysin O works by binding to this compound. This compound is hydroxylated twice prior to reacting with HSD3B7 in the beginning of an \"acidic pathway\" which converts it to CDCA. Type C Niemann-Pick disease is typically diag- nosed by filipin staining to detect the presence of this compound. This compound and its fungal analogue can be removed from cells by nystatin, amphotericin B, or methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. The enzymes DHCR7 and CYP51 catalyze the biosynthesis of this compound, which is regulated by the transcription factor SREBP-2. Macrophages which have ingested large amounts of this compound turn into foam cells. This compound is the starting point for the synthesis of bile acids in the liver. This compound's synthesis includes intermediates such as mevalonate and squalene and is suppressed by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. For 10 points, name this steroid whose levels are lowered by statins, which is carried by HDL and LDL in its good and bad forms.", "answer": "cholesterol", "page": "Cholesterol", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194fc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102137, "tokenizations": [[0, 192], [193, 239], [240, 306], [307, 428], [429, 556], [557, 641], [642, 723], [724, 855], [856, 984]], "first_sentence": "The toxin streptolysin O works by binding to this compound. This compound is hydroxylated twice prior to reacting with HSD3B7 in the beginning of an \"acidic pathway\" which converts it to CDCA.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one of this man's novels, Kuprasso's cafe is revealed to hide the Garden-house of Suliman the Red, where several characters are hypnotized by the dancing of the Companions of the Rosy Hours. Peter Pienaar and Sandy Arbuthnot often accompany one of this man's characters, who poses as \"Twisdon\" and gives an impromptu speech on free trade for the political candidate Sir Harry. Early in a novel by this man, the protagonist disguises himself as a milkman to escape his apartment after the death of Franklin Scudder. The protagonist of his most famous novel discovers that the Black Stone, a ring of German spies, are plotting to assassinate the Greek Premier Karolides and invade England, causing that character to flee both to and from the Scottish countryside. For 10 points, name this Scottish author who, in addition to being the 15th Governor-General of Canada, wrote about the adventures of Richard Hannay in novels like Greenmantle and The Thirty-Nine Steps.", "answer": "John Buchan [or Lord Tweedsmuir; or the 1st Baron Tweedsmuir]", "page": "John_Buchan", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194fd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102138, "tokenizations": [[0, 193], [194, 379], [380, 517], [518, 764], [765, 967]], "first_sentence": "In one of this man's novels, Kuprasso's cafe is revealed to hide the Garden-house of Suliman the Red, where several characters are hypnotized by the dancing of the Companions of the Rosy Hours.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the ninth century, this city's duke Andrew II entered the Pactum Sicardi after calling in Saracen mercenaries to repel an attack of Sicard. Rebels based in this city were defeated at the Battle of Rieti, after which it was occupied and administered by Karl von Ficquelmont. The marble calendar of this city claims its first bishop was Asprenas, who was converted by an old woman called Candida the Elder. A republic named for this city was set up after a revolt against viceroy Rodrigo Ponce de Leo\u0301n, the Duke of Arcos under Philip III. In 1224, Frederick II established the first public university in this city. In September 1943, a group of street boys spearheaded a Nazi resistance effort called the \"Four Days\" of this city. Republics based in this city include one led by the fisherman Masaniello, and a six-month state called the Parthenopean Republic in 1799, before it was ruled by Joachim Murat under Napoleon. For 10 points, name this capital of the Campania region just west of the slopes of Mount Vesuvius.", "answer": "Naples", "page": "Naples", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194fe", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102139, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 276], [277, 407], [408, 540], [541, 616], [617, 732], [733, 923], [924, 1022]], "first_sentence": "In the ninth century, this city's duke Andrew II entered the Pactum Sicardi after calling in Saracen mercenaries to repel an attack of Sicard.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one section of this work, a man sings about \"pen knives [that] felt shut up\" and \"scissors [that] declared themselves cut out\" due to the magnet's attraction to a silver churn. In another section of this work, an ugly woman appears on stage with a cello and sings \"Silvered is the Raven's Hair.\" A colonel and chorus sings \"if you want a receipt for that popular mystery\" in this work, which opens with twenty maidens spurning their former loves, the Dragoon Guards. Near the end of its first act, the title character sings \"True love must single-hearted be\" before not romantically selecting Grosvenor, who later on cuts his hair to appear ordinary and to avoid a curse from his rival. In this satire on the aesthetic movement, the poet Bunthorne falls in love with the title dairy maid, but in the end nobody ends up being his bride. For 10 points, name this comic opera by Gilbert and Sullivan.", "answer": "Patience [or Bunthorne's Bride until \"Bunthorne\" is read]", "page": "Patience", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b91540957194ff", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102140, "tokenizations": [[0, 179], [180, 298], [299, 469], [470, 606], [607, 689], [690, 838], [839, 900]], "first_sentence": "In one section of this work, a man sings about \"pen knives [that] felt shut up\" and \"scissors [that] declared themselves cut out\" due to the magnet's attraction to a silver churn.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A proposed experimental step to this process would make use of organisms that engage in \"dark fermentation.\" The optional, tertiary forms of this process include the use of powdered activated carbon and ion-exchange resins. Early steps of this process often make use of a communitor, a type of shredder, after which a cyclone degritter might be used. During one portion of this process, a material, such as alum, is added to a flash mixer. An optional, late stage of this process involves the use of a mass of microorganisms called \"activated sludge\" to remove suspended solids. Stages of this process include coagulation and flocculation, in which impurities precipitate out. Ultraviolet light or ozone is used as a disinfectant during the final stage of this process, which is followed with effluent discharge. For 10 points, name this process by which H2O is purified and sent back to the environment.", "answer": "waste water treatment [or water reclamation; or sewage treatment]", "page": "Wastewater_treatment", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b9154095719500", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102141, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [107, 223], [224, 350], [351, 439], [440, 578], [579, 676], [677, 812], [813, 904]], "first_sentence": "A proposed experimental step to this process would make use of organisms that engage in \"dark fermentation.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The appendix to this book contains pictures of various properties in Port-Au-Prince and their prices, as well as a map showing human settlement in that city. An excerpt from Fernand Braudel's The Wheels of Commerce provides this text's recurring metaphor of a certain part of the world as being a Bell Jar that is closed off from the rest of the world. The author of this treatise spent 289 days trying to register a business in his home country to argue that it and other nations should develop a system in which information is easily dispersed and assets are made fungible. This book argues that a system of titles, deeds and articles of incorporation backed by a legal infrastructure explains \"why [the title economic system] triumphs in the West and fails everywhere else.\" For 10 points, name this book, a follow-up to The Other Path, which was authored by Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto.", "answer": "The Mystery of Capital", "page": "Hernando_de_Soto_Polar", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b9154095719501", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102142, "tokenizations": [[0, 157], [158, 352], [353, 575], [576, 777], [778, 898]], "first_sentence": "The appendix to this book contains pictures of various properties in Port-Au-Prince and their prices, as well as a map showing human settlement in that city.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man and his retinue comes to a bridge over black, devilish, water and think they see two lions tethered to a large rock, but that turns out to be an enchantment. In an early episode, this hero foolishly ignores the advice of a maiden and sleeps in a bed; at the stroke of midnight a lance with a blazing pennant falls onto the bed and nearly burns him to death. Later on, he uses his bare hands to remove iron bars from a cage which causes him to bleed; he then makes love with his lady while bleeding, leading Sir Kay to be accused of adultery. This man crosses a bridge shaped like a sword to enter the kingdom of Gorre, which is ruled by King Bagdemagus. He kills the dishonorable Meleagant and received his nickname by riding a vehicle that is reserved for criminals to be pilloried. For 10 points, name this \"knight of the cart\" who rescues Guinevere in a poem by Chretien de Troyes.", "answer": "Lancelot [or The Knight of the Cart until it is read]", "page": "Lancelot", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b9154095719502", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102143, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [167, 366], [367, 550], [551, 662], [663, 792], [793, 893]], "first_sentence": "This man and his retinue comes to a bridge over black, devilish, water and think they see two lions tethered to a large rock, but that turns out to be an enchantment.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This politician introduced bills including the \"Log Cabin Pre-emption Law\" and the Graduation Act, which fixed prices for public land to be sold on a scale from twelve-and-a-half cents to one dollar. In his autobiography, he documented living at the home of Charles Gratiot and his close friendship with fur trader Pierre Chouteau, who financed his career. As an attorney, he feuded with rival lawyer Charles Lucas, and killed him in a duel on Bloody Island. This author of the initial Homestead Act gained the nickname \"Old Bullion\" for his hatred of paper money. Along with his brother Jesse, he also feuded with William Carroll, which led to a street fight in Nashville where this man was threatened with a horsewhip, and then shot Andrew Jackson in the arm. Later, his daughter eloped with John C. Fremont. For 10 points, name this Missouri senator who shares his full name with the American muralist who was his descendant.", "answer": "Thomas Hart Benton", "page": "Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b9154095719503", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102144, "tokenizations": [[0, 199], [200, 356], [357, 458], [459, 564], [565, 761], [762, 810], [811, 928]], "first_sentence": "This politician introduced bills including the \"Log Cabin Pre-emption Law\" and the Graduation Act, which fixed prices for public land to be sold on a scale from twelve-and-a-half cents to one dollar.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel collects fencing strokes marked with different constellations in a book called The Finest Signatures of the Saber, and is named Averkie Skila. While in prison, another character in this novel writes letters to herself that all end with the line \"Our false victim saved us from death.\" In 1999, Han Shaogong won a libel case against critics who had accused him of plagiarizing this novel. Dorothea Schultz's reaction to some Xeroxed pages of a work by Cyril given to her by Dr. Muawia makes up a crucial paragraph of this novel, which claims that Samuel Cohen, Yusuf Musudi, and Avram Brankovich are its three \"authors.\" This novel includes three sections detailing Princess Ateh's response to a certain \"Polemic.\" It is divided into sections representing Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, and it comes in \"male\" and \"female\" versions. For 10 points, name this \"lexicon novel\" about the religious conversion of the title people, written by Milorad Pavic.", "answer": "Dictionary of the Khazars: A Lexicon Novel [or Hazarski Recnik]", "page": "Dictionary_of_the_Khazars", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b9154095719504", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102145, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 310], [311, 413], [414, 644], [644, 738], [738, 860], [861, 979]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel collects fencing strokes marked with different constellations in a book called The Finest Signatures of the Saber, and is named Averkie Skila.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This event was set in motion by the February printing of a false announcement in the New Times, which was edited by John Stoddart, known as \"Doctor Slop.\" Those eventually tried for their participation include John Thomas Brunt and a Jamaican- born cabinet maker, William Davidson, who was part of the Marylebone Union Reading Society. Its supporters were inspired by the author of works like Rights of Infants and End of Oppression, who advocated a plan including public ownership of land. This incident, broken up by George Ruthven and magistrate Richard Birnie, was precipitated by the passage of the Six Acts and was led by Arthur Thistlewood, a member of the Spenceans. For 10 points, identify this 1820 conspiracy to overthrow the British government by killing various cabinet ministers named for a meeting place in London.", "answer": "Cato Street Conspiracy [or obvious equivalents of \"conspiracy\", such as \"plot\" or \"plan\"]", "page": "Cato_Street_Conspiracy", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b9154095719505", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102146, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [153, 335], [336, 490], [491, 674], [675, 829]], "first_sentence": "This event was set in motion by the February printing of a false announcement in the New Times, which was edited by John Stoddart, known as \"Doctor Slop.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This explorer was put on trial after he drunkenly attempted to hang two of his own crew members from a tree because they strayed too far from camp - as a result, this man briefly lost his seat on the Council of Justice and had to issue a public apology. During one expedition, he was sent to search for a \"golden kingdom\" of Lavo, but a mistranslation of Marco Polo in German led him to sail in a different direction. His companions included the merchant Isaac Gilsemans, whose drawings depict their travels, and the carpenter Frans Visscher, who planted flags for him in the name of Prince Frederick Hendrick. This man named the Three Kings Islands after founding Storm Bay and the Forestier Peninsula, and then nearly wrecked while founding the Fiji Islands. For 10 points, name this explorer who sailed from Batavia to discover Van Diemen's Land, which is now named in his honor.", "answer": "Abel Janszoon Tasman", "page": "Abel_Tasman", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b9154095719506", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102147, "tokenizations": [[0, 253], [254, 417], [418, 610], [611, 760], [761, 882]], "first_sentence": "This explorer was put on trial after he drunkenly attempted to hang two of his own crew members from a tree because they strayed too far from camp - as a result, this man briefly lost his seat on the Council of Justice and had to issue a public apology.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Toward the end of this piece's fourth movement, violas, cellos, and basses dither between D-sharp and E quarter notes for 21 measures while the violins assert the main theme in A major. The two D-major trio sections in this piece's third movement are based on an Austrian pilgrims' hymn. During the coda of this piece's first movement, woodwinds and horns hold a four- octave E pedal point for 22 bars as strings repeat a four-bar motif. That movement has a long 4/4 poco sostenuto introduction in which sections exchange ascending 16th-note scales before switching to a 6/8 Vivace. A second-inversion A minor chord in the woodwinds and horns opens and closes the Allegretto second movement, whose theme is based on a long-short-short-long-long rhythm. It premiered on a program that included its composer's Wellington's Victory overture, and Richard Wagner referred to this symphony as \"the apotheosis of the dance.\" For 10 points, name this symphony completed four years after its composer's Pastoral Symphony.", "answer": "Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 [or obvious equivalents, such as Beethoven's Seventh Symphony; prompt on partial answers]", "page": "Symphony_No._7_(Beethoven)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b9154095719507", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102148, "tokenizations": [[0, 185], [186, 287], [288, 437], [438, 582], [583, 752], [753, 917], [918, 1012]], "first_sentence": "Toward the end of this piece's fourth movement, violas, cellos, and basses dither between D-sharp and E quarter notes for 21 measures while the violins assert the main theme in A major.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One formalism named for this man relies on a formula which states that the off-diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements H- sub-i j are equal to 1.75 times S-sub-i j times the arithmetic mean of the diagonal elements H-sub-i i and H-sub-j j\u0096that's the Wolfsberg-Helmholtz formula. The transition states of pericyclic reactions can either have a Mo\u0308bius topology or a topology named for this chemist. All of the Coulomb integrals are set to one value and all of the resonance integrals are set to another value in a method named for this man used to calculate the pi molecular orbitals of conjugated hydrocarbons. This chemist is the second namesake of an equation which states that the logarithm of the activity coefficient equals a temperature-dependent constant times the square of the charge times the square root of the ionic strength. For 10 points, name this German chemist who names a \"limiting law\" describing dilute electrolytic solutions with Debye (duh-BYE) and a rule stating that aromatic compounds possess 4 n plus 2 pi electrons.", "answer": "Erich Hu\u0308ckel", "page": "Erich_H\u00fcckel", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85270b9154095719508", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102149, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 225], [226, 275], [276, 394], [395, 607], [608, 834], [835, 1039]], "first_sentence": "One formalism named for this man relies on a formula which states that the off-diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements H- sub-i j are equal to 1.75 times S-sub-i", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The architect Leah Beeferman proposed a utopian archipelago which takes advantage of this freedom. In United States v. Causby, the Supreme Court ruled that an ancient law governing this right \"has no place in the modern world.\" Five fundamental freedoms of this were outlined in the 1946 Bermuda Agreement, and numerous countries tried to claim this right in the Bogota\u0301 Declaration of 1976. A Latin saying that begins \"Cujus est solum\" once provided the basis for individuals to claim this right. During the Falklands War, the Total Exclusion Zone N was an attempt by Britain to extend its right to this in the name of self-defense. Since the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, it has been established that nations and not individuals have the right to control this, at least within the bounds of their territory and several miles off their sea coast. For 10 points, name this legal right, defined as sovereignty over the area extending from the ground upwards.", "answer": "international airspace [or answers indicating the right to control air (or space) (or sky), freedom of the skies (or air), or ownership of space (or sky) (or airspace)]", "page": "Airspace", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719509", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102150, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 226], [226, 227], [228, 391], [392, 497], [498, 633], [634, 849], [850, 959]], "first_sentence": "The architect Leah Beeferman proposed a utopian archipelago which takes advantage of this freedom.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This poet imagines \"the strongest thread / Of our frail plant\" saying \"Patience and Gentleness is Power\" in \"On a Lock of Milton's Hair.\" John Keats wrote that this man \"set / Upon my ambitious head a glorious gain\" in a poem about receiving a laurel crown from him. Apollo determines which of this man's contemporaries are worthy of dining with him in a poem this man wrote for The Reflector. This author of \"The Feast of the Poets\" was satirized as Horace Skimpole in Bleak House. In a poem about an encounter with Thomas Carlyle's wife, Jane Welsh, this man wrote \"Time, you thief, who love to get / Sweets into your list, put that in!\" Another poem by him describes a man waking \"from a deep dream of peace\" and asking an angel with a \"book of gold\" to \"Write me as one that loves his fellow men\". For 10 points, name this English essayist, poet, and editor of the Examiner who wrote \"Jenny Kissed Me\" and \"Abou Ben Adhem\".", "answer": "Leigh Hunt [or James Henry Leigh Hunt]", "page": "Leigh_Hunt", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571950a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102151, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 266], [267, 393], [394, 482], [483, 639], [640, 801], [802, 927]], "first_sentence": "This poet imagines \"the strongest thread / Of our frail plant\" saying \"Patience and Gentleness is Power\" in \"On a Lock of Milton's Hair.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man receives a gift of magical pigs from an ally, but they are stolen, leading to a war between this man and the thief that ends when this man dies in single combat at a yellow ford. According to the Stanzas of the Graves, he was buried \"where the waves beat against the land\" at Aber Gwenoli. In another story, this man entered a castle and saw four endless chains attached to a golden bowl; when he touched the bowl, he became stuck to the floor. He was given a name referring to his golden hair by his foster father Teyrnon, who found him after cutting off the arm of a horse-stealing beast. He brought back Manawydan as a second husband for his mother shortly after himself marrying Cigfa. This man lost his role as king of Dyfed after being killed in one-on-one combat by Gwydion. Shortly after his birth, his mother had puppy blood smeared on her face so that her maidens accuse her of infanticide. For 10 points, name this hero who appears in all four branches of the Mabinogion, the son of Pwyll and Rhiannon.", "answer": "Pryderi [or Gwri Wallt Euryn; or Gwri of the Golden Hair]", "page": "Pryderi", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571950b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102152, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 298], [299, 453], [454, 599], [600, 698], [699, 790], [791, 909], [910, 1022]], "first_sentence": "This man receives a gift of magical pigs from an ally, but they are stolen, leading to a war between this man and the thief that ends when this man dies in single combat at a yellow ford.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Differential forms on a manifold named for this scientist form a Gerstenhaber algebra. This scientist's namesake algebra is an associative algebra over a field with a bilinear operation which is antisymmetric and obeys the Leibniz rule and the Jacobi identity. This scientist names an operation which is the inverse of a similar operation named for Lagrange, is invariant under canonical transformations, and is used to determine the time evolution of phase space functions according to Liouville's theorem. Auxetic materials have a negative value for a quantity named for this man which is defined as minus the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. This man names an inhomogeneous equation whose uniqueness theorem can be used to develop the method of images. For 10 points, name this scientist who names an inhomogeneous version of the Laplace equation which states that the Laplacian of the electric potential equals the charge density divided by epsilon-naught.", "answer": "Simeon Denis Poisson", "page": "Sim\u00e9on_Denis_Poisson", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571950c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102153, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 260], [261, 507], [508, 655], [656, 766], [767, 971]], "first_sentence": "Differential forms on a manifold named for this scientist form a Gerstenhaber algebra.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A legend says that this man rebuked the merchant Makhan Shah for offering him two gold coins, because the Shah had previously pledged 500 gold coins to anyone who could save his belongings in a storm. That incident caused the Shah to identify him as a holy man, while he was meditating for 20 years in Bakala. He was arrested in Bihar and brought to Delhi by a ruler who had solidified his power at the Battle of Samugarh. That occurred after this man prevented the conversion of 500 Pandits who sought his counsel. As a result, he gained the epithet Hind-di-Chaadar, or the Shield of India. This man's son emerged from a tent five times with a bloody sword to test the loyalty of his followers, and thus founded the Khalsa order. Beheaded in 1675 by Aurangzeb, this man succeeded Har Krishan as guru, and was the son of Hargobind. For 10 points, name this ninth guru of Sikhism, the father of Gobind Singh.", "answer": "Guru Tegh Bahadur [or Hind-di-Chaadar until it is read]", "page": "Guru_Tegh_Bahadur", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571950d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102154, "tokenizations": [[0, 200], [201, 309], [310, 422], [423, 515], [516, 591], [592, 730], [731, 831], [832, 907]], "first_sentence": "A legend says that this man rebuked the merchant Makhan Shah for offering him two gold coins, because the Shah had previously pledged 500 gold coins to anyone who could save his belongings in a storm.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An Alfred, Lord Tennyson poem ends each of its stanzas by mentioning \"the golden prime\" of this \"good\" character. In one appearance, he encounters a beggar and gives him a coin for alms, after which the beggar requests that this man strike him a blow. He marries a \"cateress\" and ends the nightly beating of a pair of black dogs after an episode in which he and two of his friends attend a party hosted by three ladies that is also attended by a trio of one-eyed kalandars. In another story, this character purchases a chest from a fisherman only to find the body of a woman cut into 19 pieces inside, after which he twice sets a three-day deadline for another character to solve the crime. A number of gifts from this man are carried to Serendib in the final voyage of Sinbad the Sailor. This character is fond of disguising himself as an ordinary citizen while touring Baghdad with his vizier Jafar. For 10 points, name this character from the Arabian Nights, a historical Abbasid Caliph.", "answer": "Harun al-Rashid", "page": "Harun_al-Rashid", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571950e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102155, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 251], [252, 473], [474, 690], [691, 788], [789, 901], [902, 990]], "first_sentence": "An Alfred, Lord Tennyson poem ends each of its stanzas by mentioning \"the golden prime\" of this \"good\" character.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This ruler faced an uprising sometimes named the Beach Revolt for the street on which liberal politicians met to put out a document called \"Manifesto to the World,\" which sought to curtail this ruler's power. Early in his reign, he dealt with that revolt of the \"praieros\" and several others, including one named for its leader Francisco Sabino and one called the Cabanagem. This ruler was married by proxy to Teresa Cristina of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, though he had several mistresses, including Luisa De Barros, Countess of Barral. Following an invasion of his nation, he was referred to as the 'Number-one Volunteer' in defending the Mato Grosso from Francisco Solano Lopez. This man's prime minister passed the Law of the Free Womb; his daughter, acting as his regent, sanctioned the signing of the 'Golden Law' freeing slaves in his nation. For 10 points, name this last Emperor of Brazil.", "answer": "Dom Pedro II Braganza of Brazil [prompt on \"Pedro\"]", "page": "Pedro_II_of_Brazil", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571950f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102156, "tokenizations": [[0, 208], [209, 374], [375, 542], [543, 686], [687, 854], [855, 903]], "first_sentence": "This ruler faced an uprising sometimes named the Beach Revolt for the street on which liberal politicians met to put out a document called \"Manifesto to the World,\" which sought to curtail this ruler's power.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The protein INCENP recruits MKLP1 to an assembly responsible for establishing the site of this process. This process can be described by the polar relaxation model or the equatorial stimulation model. The latter of those two models was demonstrated by Ray Rappaport, who conducted an experiment on this process using toroidal sand dollar eggs. This process is disrupted by mutations to the pavarotti gene in Drosophila embryos. In this process, the RhoA GTPase regulates the formation of a structure composed of F-actin and myosin II filaments. In Drosophila oogenesis, errors in this process can result in syncitia connected by ring canals, while in plants this process requires the formation of a phragmoplast. The contractile ring causes the formation of a cleavage furrow in, for 10 points, what process which occurs alongside telophase and results in the partition of one cell into two?", "answer": "cytokinesis [prompt on \"cell division\" or \"abscission\"]", "page": "Cytokinesis", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719510", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102157, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 200], [201, 343], [344, 427], [428, 544], [545, 712], [713, 891]], "first_sentence": "The protein INCENP recruits MKLP1 to an assembly responsible for establishing the site of this process.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A leper colony in this country is the subject of the film The House is Black. In a film set here, the on-trial protagonist states \"I asked the Muse why he was hidden. He answered 'It is you who are hidden.\"' That film set in this country ends with a sequence in which an ex-convict holds a pot of flowers while riding on his friend's motorcycle. A film that started this country's New Wave follows Masht's hay consumption and paranoia about being kidnapped by the Bolouris; that happens after his beloved cow disappears. Nader hires the lower-class Razieh to care for his father, who has Alzheimer's disease in a film from here. Another film set here follows Hossain Sabzian, who conned the Ahankhah family by impersonating its filmmaker Mohsen Makhmalbaf. For 10 points, name this setting of A Separation and Close-Up, whose directors include Asghar Farhadi and Abbas Kiarostami.", "answer": "Islamic Republic of Iran", "page": "Iran", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719511", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102158, "tokenizations": [[0, 77], [78, 131], [131, 166], [167, 345], [346, 520], [521, 628], [629, 756], [757, 880]], "first_sentence": "A leper colony in this country is the subject of the film The House is Black.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man's father reportedly remained loyal to the Royalist cause during the English Civil War but suffered heavy fines, which explains this man's family motto Fiel Pero Desdichado, or \"faithful but unfortunate.\" His sister Arabella married Charles Godfrey, but fathered the Duke of Berwick James FitzJames as a royal mistress. During one military victory, this commander sent Marshal Overkirk in a feint, and then broke through the Lines of Brabant at the town of Elixheim. Along with Sidney Godolphin, he was one of the \"Duumvirs,\" a reference to his influence at court, which was bolstered by his marriage to Sarah Jennings. He became Major General after his victory at Sedgemoor during the Monmouth Rebellion. For 10 points, name this favorite of Queen Anne, an English duke who joined with Eugene of Savoy to win the Battle of Blenheim.", "answer": "1st Duke of Marlborough [or John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough]", "page": "John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719512", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102159, "tokenizations": [[0, 212], [213, 327], [328, 474], [475, 627], [628, 713], [714, 841]], "first_sentence": "This man's father reportedly remained loyal to the Royalist cause during the English Civil War but suffered heavy fines, which explains this man's family motto Fiel Pero Desdichado, or \"faithful but unfortunate.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Proclus's commentary on this text explains that dianoia, or discursive thought, is superior to doxa, or opinion, because it can comprehend causes. In his Hexameron, Thierry of Chartres interpreted the Book of Genesis in the context of this work's natural philosophy. During the Middle Ages, it was known mainly through a partial translation and commentary by Calcidius. This work claims that a \"Living Thing\" of abstract forms is the basis of the visible universe, which is situated in a spatial field, or chora. It describes the creation of order in the universe through the world-soul created by the demiurge. This dialogue is the only completed member of a projected trilogy of dialogues, which would also have included Hermocrates and Critias. This dialogue gives the universe the shape of a dodecahedron while claiming that the particles of the four elements are shaped like the other Platonic solids. For 10 points, name this Platonic dialogue that also discusses Atlantis.", "answer": "Timaeus", "page": "Timaeus_(dialogue)", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719513", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102160, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 266], [267, 369], [370, 512], [513, 611], [612, 747], [748, 906], [907, 979]], "first_sentence": "Proclus's commentary on this text explains that dianoia, or discursive thought, is superior to doxa, or opinion, because it can comprehend causes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of this author's characters flees to Switzerland after he kills a soldier at a bloody May Day celebration thrown by some syndicalists during which his friend Olivier dies. That title character created by him flees to Paris after killing yet another soldier, who was trying to rape the peasant girl Lorchen. This man's study of eastern mysticism, which includes a three-volume life of Swami Vivekananda, inspired Sigmund Freud's discussion of the oceanic feeling in Civilization and its Discontents. Dmitri Kabalevsky created an operatic adaptation of this man's novel Colas Breugnon. Because it \"flows like a river,\" he dubbed his longest work, which includes 1911's The Burning Bush and 1904's Dawn, a \"roman-fleuve\". That novel opens by describing a son of Melchior Krafft who becomes a court violinist for a German grand duke and then a famous composer in France. For 10 points, name this Nobel laureate, the author of the ten-volume Jean-Christophe.", "answer": "Romain Rolland", "page": "Romain_Rolland", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719514", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102161, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 310], [311, 502], [503, 587], [588, 722], [723, 870], [871, 957]], "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters flees to Switzerland after he kills a soldier at a bloody May Day celebration thrown by some syndicalists during which his friend Olivier dies.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The \"quadratic\" form of this problem, subject to binary and linear constraints, was first described by Gallo, Hammer, and Simeone in 1980. Finding the solution to this problem is necessary for finding the key in a Merkle-Hellman cryptosystem. A fully polynomial time approximation scheme for solving this problem is called the \"one plus the error\" method and has a runtime of \"big o of n to the 2 to the one over the error.\" George Dantzig created a greedy algorithm to solve this problem that works by creating a ratio then choosing the items with the lowest ratio. That algorithm was created for the \"unbounded\" form of this problem; however, the \"0-1\" version of this problem is much more common. This problem, which can be solved in pseudo-polynomial time by dynamic programming, is NP-complete in its \"decision form.\" For 10 points, name this problem which attempts to maximize profit at a certain weight limit as items are placed in a bag.", "answer": "knapsack problem [or rucksack problem]", "page": "Knapsack_problem", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719515", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102162, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 242], [243, 423], [423, 424], [425, 566], [567, 699], [700, 821], [821, 945]], "first_sentence": "The \"quadratic\" form of this problem, subject to binary and linear constraints, was first described by Gallo, Hammer, and Simeone in 1980.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "As a young man, this person crawled into a cave with a rope tied about his legs in a successful effort to kill what was supposedly the last wolf in Connecticut. He saw his first military action at the Battle of Lake George and, after being captured by Caughnawaga Indians while serving with Rogers Rangers near Crown Point, he narrowly escaped being roasted alive. He was tricked into withdrawing by Henry Clinton at the so-called Battle of the Clintons, an action which put him before a Congressional Court of Inquiry. He was second-in-command to Artemas Ward in the Army of Observation, and along with Ward, Philip Schuyler and Charles Lee, was one of four major generals appointed by the Continental Congress in 1775. This man, who retreated at the Battle of Long Island, allegedly gave William Prescott the order to inform his troops \"Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes.\" For 10 points, name this Revolutionary War general, the ranking officer at the Battle of Bunker Hill.", "answer": "Israel Putnam", "page": "Israel_Putnam", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719516", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102163, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 364], [365, 519], [520, 720], [721, 890], [891, 992]], "first_sentence": "As a young man, this person crawled into a cave with a rope tied about his legs in a successful effort to kill what was supposedly the last wolf in Connecticut.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Irish doctor Edward Cullen fraudulently claimed to have found a river passage through this region, which prompted a US Navy expedition led by Isaac Strain where seven people died. The anthropologist Wade Davis accompanied Sebastian Snow when he crossed this region on foot. The near extinction of the Cueva people in this region following arrival of the Spanish allowed the Kuna to take over. John Blashford-Snell failed to get his Range Rover through the Atrato Swamp in this region, which contains Los Katios National Park and Cerro Tacarcuna mountain. A company named for this place, led by William Paterson, founded the aborted colony of Caledonia that bankrupted its nation and forced it to enter the 1707 Act of Union. The Pan-American Highway does not pass through this area. For ten points, name this \"Gap\" in Central America which was the namesake of a \"Scheme\" to build a colony on the isthmus of Panama.", "answer": "Darie\u0301n Gap [or Gulf of Darien]", "page": "Dari\u00e9n_Gap", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719517", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102164, "tokenizations": [[0, 183], [184, 277], [278, 396], [397, 558], [559, 728], [729, 786], [787, 918]], "first_sentence": "The Irish doctor Edward Cullen fraudulently claimed to have found a river passage through this region, which prompted a US Navy expedition led by Isaac Strain where seven people died.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one scene in this novel, a character responds to a series of predictable lies with routine jokes until he hears a defrocked priest say \"we are all members of one another\". This novel's protagonist was present at that scene due to a comically botched attempt to steal six electric \"eye-rons\". A character in this novel spends most of her time staring at a nearby rail line from her wheelchair. This novel ends with its protagonist's April Fools' Day suicide, after the police captain Record Head Bednar gets Sparrow Saltskin to reveal that the protagonist killed Nifty Louie Fomorowski. This novel centers on an aspiring drummer who lives with his psychosomatically-paralyzed wife Zosh but has an affair with \"Molly-O\" Novotny, in whose apartment he beats the \"thirty-five-pound monkey on [his] back\", his phrase for his heroin addiction. For 10 points, name this novel about Francis Majcinek, or \"Frankie Machine\", written by Nelson Algren.", "answer": "The Man with the Golden Arm", "page": "The_Man_with_the_Golden_Arm", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719518", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102165, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 294], [295, 395], [396, 588], [589, 840], [841, 943]], "first_sentence": "In one scene in this novel, a character responds to a series of predictable lies with routine jokes until he hears a defrocked priest say \"we are all members of one another\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This artist included the inscription \"Bibius Vincit\" in a portrait of a boy with his dog. Another painting by this artist, Girl with a Dwarf, is thought to depict Marguerite of Savoy. A burgeoning Anthony van Dyck learnt many of his portrait techniques when he visited this then-80 year old artist. Michelangelo's off-hand remark that it would be difficult to portray a weeping boy led this artist to create a charcoal sketch on black paper depicting Asdrubale being bitten by a crawfish; that work inspired Caravaggio to paint Boy Bitten by a Lizard. This artist included portraits of Lucia, Minerva and Europa in a family portrait titled The Chess Game. Elizabeth of Valois was the subject of many of this artist's portraits since she was the court painter to Philip II of Spain. For 10 points, name this Renaissance artist from Cremona who made a painting in which her teacher Bernardino Campi paints her.", "answer": "Sofonisba Anguissola [or Sofonisba Anguisciola]", "page": "Sofonisba_Anguissola", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719519", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102166, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 183], [184, 298], [299, 551], [552, 655], [656, 781], [782, 908]], "first_sentence": "This artist included the inscription \"Bibius Vincit\" in a portrait of a boy with his dog.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Kyle Herkenhoff proposed that the increasing availability of this concept partly explains the rise of unemployment duration since the late 1970s, and the contemporaneous skewing of the wealth distribution, since the unemployed can forego unsuitable job offers. Mian and Sufi's research shows that zip codes in which house prices dropped the most during the financial crisis exhibited the largest drop in demand for non-tradeable services thanks to the buildup of this quantity, which titles their book. The most productive agents are also the least patient ones in Kiyotaki and Moore's endogenous business cycle model, which imposes a collateral requirement to limit this quantity. In that model, a negative shock to the market value of collateral provokes insolvency, which brings about a Fisherian deflation driven by this quantity. The accumulation of this quantity is the driving force in Hyman Minsky's financial instability hypothesis. For 10 points, what is this quantity, which goes up the more spending exceeds income?", "answer": "debt [or credit; prompt on \"mortgages\"; the title of Mian and Sufi's book is House of Debt]", "page": "Debt", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571951a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102167, "tokenizations": [[0, 260], [261, 502], [503, 681], [682, 834], [835, 941], [942, 1027]], "first_sentence": "Kyle Herkenhoff proposed that the increasing availability of this concept partly explains the rise of unemployment duration since the late 1970s, and the contemporaneous skewing of the wealth distribution, since the unemployed can forego unsuitable job offers.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After being passed over for ecclesiastical offices, two priests in this state claimed that the Pope gave them power to liberate it, and led the Conspiracy of the Pintos, named for the palace where they gathered. The archbishop of this state convened the Synod of Diamper, which attempted to Latinize the liturgy and subjugate outlying areas, but was rebuffed by the Coonan Cross Oath delivered by Saint Thomas Christians. A group of men murdered here were known as the \"Martyrs of Cuncolim,\" including two who jumped into the sea at Assolna Fort. Much later, this state became part of a union territory along with the exclaves of Daman and Diu on the coast. Its Bom Jesus Basilica contains the remains of St. Francis Xavier, who preached here, and it became the seat of government in 1510 after Afonso de Albuquerque took it from Adil Shah. For 10 points, name this center of the Portuguese colony of India, which is now the smallest Indian state.", "answer": "Goa [or Velha Goa; or Old Goa; or Nova Goa; or New Goa; or Panjim; or Panaji]", "page": "Goa", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571951b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102168, "tokenizations": [[0, 211], [212, 421], [422, 546], [547, 657], [658, 840], [841, 947]], "first_sentence": "After being passed over for ecclesiastical offices, two priests in this state claimed that the Pope gave them power to liberate it, and led the Conspiracy of the Pintos, named for the palace where they gathered.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This treatise's tenth chapter claims that the brute has no guardian spirit but his instinct and organs, comparing him to a bird that might lose its eyes, thereby losing its guardian angel. This book calls the imagination a \"middle term\" between the abstract and the concrete in a section that explains the Cosmogonical Principle. Another chapter of this text states that each planet has a different position relative to the sun, so they each have their own sun. After a positive account of its subject in the first section, this book's second part discusses the anthropological aspects of \"the dream of the human mind.\" This book claims that the primary object of man's consciousness is the infinity of his own nature and that a deity with no attributes cannot exist. Translated by George Eliot into English, it claims that God is a fictitious projection of humankind. For 10 points, name this book on religion by Ludwig Feuerbach.", "answer": "The Essence of Christianity [or Das Wesen des Christentums]", "page": "The_Essence_of_Christianity", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571951d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102170, "tokenizations": [[0, 188], [189, 329], [330, 461], [462, 618], [618, 619], [620, 767], [768, 868], [869, 931]], "first_sentence": "This treatise's tenth chapter claims that the brute has no guardian spirit but his instinct and organs, comparing him to a bird that might lose its eyes, thereby losing its guardian angel.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The 6N-dimensional integral used to calculate this quantity can be rewritten with the assumption that the potential only includes pairwise interactions - that technique is called Mayer cluster expansion. A common technique used to solve the Ising model is to express this quantity as the trace of a product of transfer matrices. This quantity can be obtained via a path integral of the Euclidean action, which can be shown by Wick rotating the path integral used to obtain the propagator. For a system of N indistinguishable particles, the total value for this quantity equals one individual particle's value for this quantity raised to the N power divided by N factorial. The expectation value of total energy equals the negative of the derivative of the natural log of this quantity with respect to thermodynamic beta. Helmholtz free energy equals negative kT times the natural log of this quantity, which is defined as the sum over all energy states of e raised to the energy of the state divided by kT. For 10 points, name this normalization constant for the Boltzmann distribution, which is symbolized Z.", "answer": "grand partition function [or Z until it is read; prompt on \"Q\", \"xi\", and \"Y\"]", "page": "Partition_function_(statistical_mechanics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571951e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102171, "tokenizations": [[0, 203], [204, 328], [329, 488], [489, 672], [673, 820], [821, 1006], [1007, 1109]], "first_sentence": "The 6N-dimensional integral used to calculate this quantity can be rewritten with the assumption that the potential only includes pairwise interactions - that technique is called Mayer cluster expansion.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The shutters of this artist's St. Catherine Altarpiece features the disembodied eyes of Saint Ottilia resting on top of a book to illustrate that her blindness was cured. A Latin inscription in a painting by this artist translates to \"I am a nymph of the sacred fountain. Do not disturb my sleep. I am resting.\" One of this artist's versions of The Crucifixion features a converted centurion that rides a white horse and wears 16th century armor. The god Mercury holds onto a glass sphere and a certain Trojan wears a luxurious red cape and steel plate armor in this artist's version of The Judgment of Paris. Archers lie in wait behind bushes in this artist's painting The Stag Hunt of Elector Frederick the Wise, which depicts his patron. A black hat and a coat are often worn by Katharina von Bora's husband in many of his portraits. For 10 points, name this artist from Saxony who painted several portraits of his friend Martin Luther.", "answer": "Lucas Cranach the Elder", "page": "Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571951f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102172, "tokenizations": [[0, 170], [171, 271], [272, 296], [297, 310], [310, 446], [447, 609], [610, 669], [670, 740], [741, 836], [837, 939]], "first_sentence": "The shutters of this artist's St. Catherine Altarpiece features the disembodied eyes of Saint Ottilia resting on top of a book to illustrate that her blindness was cured.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This military man authored an essay in the Southern Literary Messenger titled \"The Philosophy of Dress,\" in which he urged a dress code based on dignity, moderation, and neatness. This general wrote a letter to Joseph E. Johnston asking him to investigate a man with the pen name \"Bohemian.\" His son, known by the nickname Sandie, was an aide to Stonewall Jackson and married Kate Corbin, but died in battle at Fisher's Hill. After this general was kicked in the leg by a donkey at Malvern Hill, his duties were taken over by E. Porter Alexander. Following the Battle of Shepherdstown, this general was given the nicknames \"Granny\" and \"Old Mother\" because he withdrew troops prematurely from the Potomac River. He referred to his guns as Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, because he had been an Episcopal priest for 30 years before he rose to become the chief of artillery for Robert Lee, serving in that role at Gettysburg. For 10 points, name this completely inept Confederate general called the \"Parson.\"", "answer": "William Nelson \"Parson\" Pendleton", "page": "William_N._Pendleton", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719520", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102173, "tokenizations": [[0, 179], [180, 291], [292, 425], [426, 546], [547, 711], [712, 922], [923, 1005]], "first_sentence": "This military man authored an essay in the Southern Literary Messenger titled \"The Philosophy of Dress,\" in which he urged a dress code based on dignity, moderation, and neatness.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "With Milton Blum, this thinker wrote a book using a \"tough shit\" approach about business called Executive Leadership. He coined the terms \"awfulizing,\" and \"catastrophizing\" to describe behavior that should be fought with shame-attack exercises. He called the harmful act of imposing absolute values on the world \"musturbation.\" Many of his ideas, such as the distinction between \"discomfort disturbances\" and \"ego disturbances,\" were developed while he writing Sex Without Guilt and The Art and Science of Love. This thinker developed a model of causation in which an activating event induces a belief, which itself is responsible for a human feeling - that is the \"ABC\" model. Like Aaron Beck, this psychologist developed an individualist approach that seeks to correct harmful behavior by converting socially destructive tendencies to constructive ones. For 10 points, name this psychologist who developed rational emotive behavioral therapy.", "answer": "Albert Ellis", "page": "Albert_Ellis", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719522", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102175, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 245], [246, 327], [327, 512], [513, 678], [679, 856], [857, 945]], "first_sentence": "With Milton Blum, this thinker wrote a book using a \"tough shit\" approach about business called Executive Leadership.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A set of coupled differential equations modeling more than one of these systems is the Clohessy-Wiltshire equations. Jacob Thorne gave a list of power series solutions to a two point boundary value problem modeling these systems. Solving that problem is equivalent to to solving Lambert's problem and finding one of these systems. The method pioneered by Josiah Gibbs to determine one of these systems merely requires three coplanar position vectors. By using station keeping, one can make one of these systems that resembles a Lissajous curve. The energy conservation equation of these systems is the vis-viva equation. Switching from one of these systems to another can be achieved with a Hohmann transfer, and the point of greatest distance of one of these systems is the apoapsis. For 10 points, name these paths of astronomical objects, which may be periodic.", "answer": "astronomical orbits [or trajectories; or flight paths; or intercepts until \"station keeping\" is read]", "page": "Trajectory", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719523", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102176, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 229], [230, 330], [331, 450], [451, 544], [545, 620], [621, 784], [785, 864]], "first_sentence": "A set of coupled differential equations modeling more than one of these systems is the Clohessy-Wiltshire equations.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This film character states bourbon can't cure insomnia. This man, who first appeared in books by the nudist novelist John Ball, tells the abortionist Mama Caleba that she can \"whisper two little words\" and he'll be on his way. In a memorable scene, he correctly deduces that another character alters his nightly route so that he can see Dolores Purdy nude. After this man discovers a piece of fern in a car, he questions a man that compares him to an epiphytic plant. In that memorable scene, he is slapped and slaps Mr. Endicott. At the opening of the film, Leslie informs the mayor that she'll let go of her husband's engineers that are building a factory unless this man is put on the case to determine who murdered Philip Colbert. When asked what he is called up in Philadelphia, this character gives his most iconic response. For 10 points, name this detective played by Sidney Poitier in the film In the Heat of the Night, who memorably states \"They call me Mr. [his name]!\"", "answer": "Virgil Tibbs [accept either underlined portion]", "page": "Virgil_Tibbs", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719524", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102177, "tokenizations": [[0, 226], [227, 356], [357, 467], [468, 530], [531, 734], [735, 830], [831, 980]], "first_sentence": "This film character states bourbon can't cure insomnia. This man, who first appeared in books by the nudist novelist John Ball, tells the abortionist Mama Caleba that she can \"whisper two little words\" and he'll be on his way.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "According to Abu 'l-Fath's Kitab al Ta'Rikh, the first members of this religious sect were the loyal children of Hophne and Phinehas and the women they slept with inside a tabernacle.Josephus' Antiquities claims that this sect was comprised of pagan Sidonians and that it worshipped Jupiter Hellenius. This religious group rejects Mount Moriah as the location where Abraham almost sacrificed Isaac; instead, they perform sheep sacrifices during the \"Festival of the Sacrifice\" where they believe it happened, Mount Gerizim. This sect claims direct descent from the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, and it may have been formed after Sargon II conquered their namesake land. This sect, which split from the Jews in antiquity, has only about 800 remaining members, who live mostly in Holon and Kiryat Luza. For 10 points, name this religious sect, one of whom kind- heartedly showed hospitality to a man beaten by robbers in a parable told by Jesus.", "answer": "Samaritans", "page": "Samaritans", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719525", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102178, "tokenizations": [[0, 183], [183, 301], [302, 523], [524, 671], [672, 802], [803, 945]], "first_sentence": "According to Abu 'l-Fath's Kitab al Ta'Rikh, the first members of this religious sect were the loyal children of Hophne and Phinehas and the women they slept with inside a tabernacle.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A poem by this man contains a passage that reads \"They must hold against / The fire rain / or when / sometime it seems / upwards, hands down / against / pilloried / sell quickly took her / bearings / did not appear entirely / a height of five thousand feet,\" and is divided into 111 numbered sections. Another of his poems, which includes the lines \"sometimes they were in sordid sexual situations; / at others, a smidgen of fun would intrude on our day,\" features the Vivians and was inspired by the work of outsider artist Henry Darger. This author included the long poem \"Europe\" in his collection The Tennis Court Oath. He wrote \"Girls on the Run\" and won the Yale Younger Poets Prize for his collection Some Trees. Another of his poems features the lines \"the right hand / Bigger than the head, thrust at the viewer,\" and \"The glass chose to reflect only what he saw.\" For 10 points, name this New York School poet of \"Self Portrait in a Convex Mirror.\"", "answer": "John Ashbery", "page": "John_Ashbery", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719526", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102179, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 197], [198, 301], [302, 538], [539, 623], [624, 719], [720, 872], [872, 958]], "first_sentence": "A poem by this man contains a passage that reads \"They must hold against / The fire rain / or when / sometime it seems / upwards, hands down / against / pilloried", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One member of this group fractured his skull when he was pushed down a marble staircase at the Royal Automobile Club on Pall Mall after a drunken argument, causing lifelong mental trauma. Another probable member wrote a book on the \"Social History of Christian Polygamy\" entitled After Polygamy Was Made a Sin and a study on Moliere. This group was assisted by the publisher of the New Republic, Michael Whitney Straight, and had its regular activities planned out by Theodore Maly. Their number likely included John Cairncross as well as Anthony Blunt and several members of the Apostles Club, who often approached employees working at Bletchley Park. A more famous member's meeting with Australian actress Coral Brown is the basis of Alan Bennett's film An Englishman Abroad. Those members were Donald Maclean and the flamboyantly gay Guy Burgess, who tried to protect its principal by fleeing separately. Uncovered by the Venona project, for 10 points, name this Soviet spy ring led by a namesake double agent in Britain around 1950.", "answer": "the Cambridge Five spy ring [or the Cambridge Four; or Kim Philby's Soviet spy network; or Harold Adrian Russell Philby; or the MI6 spy ring; or the MI5 spy ring; prompt on answers, such as \"British spy scandal\", that do not include the underlined words]", "page": "Kim_Philby", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719527", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102180, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 333], [334, 482], [483, 652], [653, 777], [778, 907], [908, 1036]], "first_sentence": "One member of this group fractured his skull when he was pushed down a marble staircase at the Royal Automobile Club on Pall Mall after a drunken argument, causing lifelong mental trauma.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One cancer of this tissue can be caused by a fusion of the CHOP gene with either the FUS or EWS gene, while other cancers of this tissue are present in Madelung disease and Dercum disease. A class of cytokines named for and secreted by cells in this tissue includes apelin, resistin, and TNF-alpha. Stem cells derived from this tissue include PLA cells as well as the stromal vascular fraction. One hormone released by cells in this tissue inhibits neuropeptide Y and stimulates the production of alpha-MSH. Cells in this tissue contain an uncoupling protein which uses oxidative phosphorylation to generate heat without shivering. Thermogenin is expressed in cells in this tissue, which releases the ghrelin-opposed satiety hormone leptin, and comes in brown and white types. For 10 points, name this tissue which stores lipids.", "answer": "adipose tissue [or fat tissue; or \"brown fat\" or \"white fat\" or \"brown adipose tissue\" or \"white adipose tissue\"]", "page": "Adipose_tissue", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719528", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102181, "tokenizations": [[0, 188], [189, 298], [299, 394], [395, 507], [508, 631], [632, 776], [777, 829]], "first_sentence": "One cancer of this tissue can be caused by a fusion of the CHOP gene with either the FUS or EWS gene, while other cancers of this tissue are present in Madelung disease and Dercum disease.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The \"Good Sister\" and the \"Lord of the Two Lands\" are worshipped in the northern half of a symmetrical temple whose southern half is dedicated to this god. This god \"spends seed with his phallus\" and \"takes wives from their husbands,\" according to the Pyramid Texts. The final ruler of the 12th Dynasty was named for the \"beauty of\" this god, whose worship was promul- gated by that ruler's father Amenemhat III. The temple of Medinet Madi was dedicated to this god and his wife Renenutet. The primary temple of this god was home to his jewel-adorned avatar Petsuchos. One account held that this god created the world by laying eggs on the banks of Nun. This son of Neith was the patron god of the region of Faiyum, and he used a net to collect the sons of Horus from the Nile, another place with which he is often associated. For 10 points, name this Egyptian god with the head of a crocodile.", "answer": "Sobek [or Sebek; or Sochet; or Suchos until \"Petsuchos\" is read]", "page": "Sobek", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719529", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102182, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 266], [267, 412], [413, 489], [490, 568], [569, 653], [654, 826], [827, 894]], "first_sentence": "The \"Good Sister\" and the \"Lord of the Two Lands\" are worshipped in the northern half of a symmetrical temple whose southern half is dedicated to this god.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one of his works, this man uses the term \"flagrat\" to refer to the sense of sudden terror in man, and \"lubet\" to mean the lustful desire that leads man to good or evil. Two of his lesser-known works, Of the Threefold Life of Man and Forty Questions Concerning the Soul, were later cited by Nicolas Berdyaev for coining the term \"ungrund\" to describe an abyss of holy nothingness. While working as a shoemaker, he was often harassed by the local tanners guild, and was persecuted by Gregor Richter for writing a work with the Latin title Aurora, which he wrote after watching sunlight reflect off of a pewter dish. Influenced by Paracelsus, he identified the Holy Trinity with salt, sulphur, and mercury in his book Mysterium Magnum. For 10 points, name this 16th century German mystic known for his holy visions.", "answer": "Jakob Bohme [or Jakob Boehme; or Jacob Behmen]", "page": "Jakob_B\u00f6hme", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571952a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102183, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 382], [383, 616], [617, 735], [736, 815]], "first_sentence": "In one of his works, this man uses the term \"flagrat\" to refer to the sense of sudden terror in man, and \"lubet\" to mean the lustful desire that leads man to good or evil.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel complains about the garlic breath of a money changer in a chapter set in the same place as one in which Sata claims that the world needs sin. In this novel, the illiterate clothier Esther delivers messages, including some from Hassan and some sent by way of the slave girl Hayrie. One character in this book steals a pin which Bihzad of Herat used to blind himself. Another of its characters tells the story of an old master who first worked for a Blacksheep leader and then a rival Whitesheep leader after being blinded. This novel's protagonist is influenced by Master Osman, who rejects innovation, and his uncle Enishte, who tries to implement the techniques of Frankish artists. Butterfly, Stork and Olive narrate stories each about style, signature, and blindness, respectively, in this novel, whose first chapter is narrated by Elegant Effendi, who sits at the bottom of a well after his murder. Black woos Shekure in, for 10 points, what novel about Ottoman miniaturists by Orhan Pamuk?", "answer": "My Name is Red [or Benim Ad\u0131m K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131]", "page": "My_Name_Is_Red", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571952b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102184, "tokenizations": [[0, 167], [168, 306], [307, 391], [392, 547], [548, 709], [710, 928], [929, 1020]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel complains about the garlic breath of a money changer in a chapter set in the same place as one in which Sata claims that the world needs sin.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Butyllithium converts a dibromo-cyclopropane to an allene through one of these intermediates in the Skatteb\u00f8l rearrange- ment. Reaction of a metal carbonyl complex with potassium intercalated in graphite then trimethylsilyl chloride forms these compounds in the Hegedus-Semmelhack procedure. One of these compounds is an intermediate in the stepwise mechanism of the Wolff rearrangement. Imidazole-2-ylidenes are examples of an unusually stable \"n-heterocyclic\" type of these compounds. A di-iodo methane complex with zinc whose reactivity resembles these compounds is used in the cyclopropanation of alkenes in the Simmons-Smith reaction. Transition metal complexes with these compounds can be either in a singlet or a triplet state, depending on whether they are of the Fischer or Shrock types. For 10 points, name these neutral carbon compounds that possess a lone pair of valence electrons.", "answer": "carbenes", "page": "Carbene", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571952c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102185, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 291], [292, 387], [388, 486], [487, 639], [640, 796], [797, 894]], "first_sentence": "Butyllithium converts a dibromo-cyclopropane to an allene through one of these intermediates in the Skatteb\u00f8l rearrange- ment.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "According to legend, a courtier of this kingdom foretold that, at his death, his blood would flow white as milk and his decapitated head would fly to the top of a hill - those miracles, performed by the minister Ichadon, convinced the nobles to change their religion. This kingdom's founder was said to be born after light shone down in a forest near a well, where a white horse bowed down and laid an egg, so it adopted a name translating as \"Chicken Forest.\" A new code of law was issued by its king Pophung, who extended its borders by absorbing the Gaya confederacy. Its royal classes were known as seonggol and jingol, which mean \"sacred bone\" and the \"true bone\" respectively. It often shifted alliances between its neighbors, the Baekje and the Goguryeo, before conquering both and setting up a Unified dynasty in 668 CE. For 10 points, name this Korean kingdom which lasted until 935 when it was replaced by the Goryo.", "answer": "Kingdom of Silla [prompt on \"Korea\" or \"Gyerim\"]", "page": "Silla", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571952d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102186, "tokenizations": [[0, 267], [268, 459], [459, 570], [571, 682], [683, 828], [829, 926]], "first_sentence": "According to legend, a courtier of this kingdom foretold that, at his death, his blood would flow white as milk and his decapitated head would fly to the top of a hill - those miracles, performed by the minister Ichadon, convinced the nobles to change their religion.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This work's main theme begins with an E-flat minor chord and alternates between major and minor chords for fourteen measures before reaching B minor. That theme, which opens this work in three-four time, reappears after the \"death of Oates,\" and again in four-four in the Alla marcia moderato Epilogue. This work's \"nature music\" includes pianississimo thirty-second- note xylophone runs, and its third movement, \"Landscape,\" climaxes with a fortississimo organ solo. Quotations from Shelley, the Psalms, Donne, and Coleridge are sometimes read between movements of this work, preceding an excerpt from a diary in which a man claims, \"I do not regret this journey.\" Its first movement features a wordless women's chorus and a solo soprano, and the percussion ensemble includes \"deep bells,\" celesta, and wind machine. For 10 points, name this symphony by Ralph Vaughan Williams based on a film score about Robert Falcon Scott's failed attempt to reach the South Pole.", "answer": "Sinfonia Antartica [or Sinfonia Antarctica; or the Antarctic Symphony; or Ralph Vaughan Williams's Symphony No. 7; or Symphony No. 7 after \"Vaughan Williams\" is read]", "page": "Sinfonia_antartica", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571952e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102187, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 302], [303, 467], [468, 664], [664, 665], [666, 817], [818, 967]], "first_sentence": "This work's main theme begins with an E-flat minor chord and alternates between major and minor chords for fourteen measures before reaching B minor.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote \"Aunts to our sisters' boys, / we bring them squawking rubber monsters, / birthday poems pasted in the growing albums,\" in her poem \"Heroics.\" In another poem, from her debut collection Homecoming, she states, \"Let's make a modern primer for our kids: / A is for Auschwitz; B for Biafra; Chile: Dachau: El Salvador.\" In a novel by this author, Li\u0301o Morales is forced to flee and Dede\u0301 describes the deaths of her sisters Minerva, Mari\u0301a Teresa, and Patria, who are collectively referred to as \"Las Mariposas.\" The twice-divorced Yolanda is the title character of Yo!, the sequel to this author's best-known novel; in that novel, the CIA agent Vic helps Laura, Carlos, and their four daughters escape to the United States. For 10 points, name this author who portrayed the Trujillo regime of the Dominican Republic in such works as In the Time of the Butterflies and How the Garci\u0301a Girls Lost Their Accents.", "answer": "Julia Alvarez", "page": "Julia_Alvarez", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571952f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102188, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 334], [335, 526], [526, 739], [740, 925]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote \"Aunts to our sisters' boys, / we bring them squawking rubber monsters, / birthday poems pasted in the growing albums,\" in her poem \"Heroics.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "If a set of expressions has this property in a ring P, then there exists a tuple of rational numbers that can be substituted into the expressions which will also have this property in P, by a theorem of David Hilbert. A function that has a positive leading coefficient, coprime coefficients, and this property will produce infinitely many primes by the Bunyakovsky conjecture. By Gauss's lemma, a function that has this property with respect to the integers will have it over the rationals as well. For a collection of coefficients, if there exists a number p such that p doesn't divide the leading coefficient but it divides the rest, and p squared does not divide the constant term, then the polynomial will have this property by Eisenstein's criterion. The quadratic polynomial generated by factoring will have this property by the fundamental theorem of algebra. For 10 points, name this property of a polynomial, such that it can't be nontrivially factored over a field.", "answer": "polynomial irreduciblity [or word forms; do NOT accept \"reducible\" or its word forms.]", "page": "Irreducible_polynomial", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719530", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102189, "tokenizations": [[0, 217], [218, 376], [377, 498], [499, 755], [756, 866], [867, 975]], "first_sentence": "If a set of expressions has this property in a ring P, then there exists a tuple of rational numbers that can be substituted into the expressions which will also have this property in P, by a theorem of David Hilbert.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel gets in trouble for putting up double-entendre signs in a hospital, such as one reading \"Sodom and Gonorrhea\" above the venereal ward. The dying words of a character in this novel are reported to sound like \"the last grin\", though another character later realizes it was a reference to the last of three green bottles, which originally appear in the house of Mad Medico. A baby girl is given a male name that means \"may the path never close,\" Amaechina, at a naming ceremony in this novel. Protests regarding water restrictions in Abazon open this novel, in which a character is nicknamed \"Samsonite\" because he uses a stapler to torture people. One of its protagonists is shot after giving a speech at the University of Bassa, after which another protagonist is shot while trying to prevent the rape of Adamma. Beatrice Okoh survives the murders of Ikem Osodi and Chris Oriko during the rule of Sam, the dictator of Kangan, in, for 10 points, which Chinua Achebe novel?", "answer": "Anthills of the Savannah", "page": "Anthills_of_the_Savannah", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719531", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102190, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 396], [397, 515], [516, 671], [672, 837], [838, 996]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel gets in trouble for putting up double-entendre signs in a hospital, such as one reading \"Sodom and Gonorrhea\" above the venereal ward.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This text defines a state of \"inclosing reserve\" that may manifest itself in a tyrant that needs a confidant who will be killed after he is used. In examining how the \"lack of possibility\" contributes to the title phenomenon, it compares a foolish determinist to King Midas and the fatalist to a man who has no possibility to breathe. This book's second portion considers the Socratic definition of ignorance to ask whether men are aware of the title phenomenon. Its first part defines the human being as \"spirit\" and notes that \"the self is not the relation but the relation's relating to itself.\" The title of this work comes from a scene in which Jesus speaks to Lazarus after he is raised from the dead. The commentator in this work suggests that Christians enter a state of sin since they have not aligned themselves with God. For 10 points, name this tract written by Anti-Climacus, a.k.a. Kierkegaard, that equates despair with the title condition.", "answer": "The Sickness Unto Death [or Sygdommen til D\u00f8den]", "page": "The_Sickness_Unto_Death", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719532", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102191, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 334], [335, 462], [463, 597], [597, 707], [708, 831], [832, 955]], "first_sentence": "This text defines a state of \"inclosing reserve\" that may manifest itself in a tyrant that needs a confidant who will be killed after he is used.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man was sent on a diplomatic trip with Bishop Charles McIlvaine and Archbishop John Joseph Hughes to secure European support in the wake of the Trent Affair. He chronicled that trip in his book Letters from Europe and the West Indies. He was known as \"The Wizard of the Lobby,\" but his rival John Hubbard may have been the first to dub him \"The Dictator\" while trying to bankrupt his enterprise, the Agriculturalist. This man coined the disdainful nickname \"Sweet Sandy Whiskers\" for Martin van Buren, and the name for a group originally called the Holy Alliance, which split into the conservative Hunkers and the radical Barnburners. This man's opponents, whom he called the Albany Regency, assailed him as he edited the country's largest Anti-Masonic newspaper, the Enquirer. For 10 points, name this close friend of William Seward, who was a publishing rival of Horace Greeley and a Whig political boss in New York.", "answer": "Thurlow Weed", "page": "Thurlow_Weed", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719533", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102192, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 239], [240, 421], [422, 639], [640, 782], [783, 923]], "first_sentence": "This man was sent on a diplomatic trip with Bishop Charles McIlvaine and Archbishop John Joseph Hughes to secure European support in the wake of the Trent Affair.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At the upper right of this painting, a soldier appears above an overturned chair and a torn prayer book. At the bottom of this painting, one can make out a mother fleeing with her child; above her is the Wandering Jew, who is dressed in a blue cap, carries a white sack, and wears green clothing. The unusual iconography of this painting include the use of two halos - one surrounds the central figure's head, and one surrounds the five lit and one unlit candles below him. Other unusual symbols that the artist chose include the substitution of a prayer shawl for a loincloth and the use of a head cloth instead of the crown of thorns. To the left of this painting's central action is a boat looking for safety, and to its top right is a burning synagogue. For 10 points, name this depiction of the death of Jesus by Marc Chagall, which is dominated by the title color.", "answer": "The White Crucifixion", "page": "White_Crucifixion", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719534", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102193, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 296], [297, 473], [474, 636], [637, 757], [758, 870]], "first_sentence": "At the upper right of this painting, a soldier appears above an overturned chair and a torn prayer book.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A hexamer of copper hydride bonded to this compound is known as Stryker's reagent. This compound is the most famous member of a class of compounds for which the Tolman cone angle was developed to describe. Two equivalents of this compound, a chlorine atom, and carbon monoxide bond to iridium in Vaska's complex. It can be used to reduce azides to amines via hydrolysis in one reaction and is used alongside diethyl azodicarboxylate to convert alcohols into various functional groups in another reaction. Those reactions are named for Staudinger and Mitsunobu. This compound is converted to its oxide via the elimination of an oxaphosphetane intermediate in a reaction where it reacts with a carbonyl to form a phosphonium ylide, which is then converted to an alkene. For 10 points, name this organophosphorus compound used in the Wittig reaction.", "answer": "triphenylphosphine [or PPh3; or triphenylphosphane; or TPP]", "page": "Triphenylphosphine", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719535", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102194, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 205], [206, 312], [313, 504], [505, 560], [561, 767], [768, 847]], "first_sentence": "A hexamer of copper hydride bonded to this compound is known as Stryker's reagent.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In accordance with a Delphic oracle, one figure by this name was invited to rule over a tribe called the Dolonci because he showed hospitality to them in their travels. As their ruler, that figure constructed a wall from Cardia to Pactya to repel their enemies, the Apsinthians. A second figure by this same name married Hegesipyla, the daughter of Olorus, to tighten his hold on land he inherited when his brother Stesagoras had his head split open by an axe. This man's daughter Elpinice may have paid his fines off, after he was charged with treason for a failed expedition against Paros. That man of this name ruled as tyrant of the Thracian Chersonese, then rose to fame for conquering Lemnos and Imbros. That father of Cimon the Younger is best remembered for his victory at a battle which saw the death of the overall commander Callimachus, and the heroism of Pheidippides. For 10 points, give the name shared by that Athenian general who defeated the Persians at Marathon.", "answer": "Miltiades [or Miltiades the Elder; or Miltiades the Younger]", "page": "Miltiades", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719536", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102195, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 278], [279, 460], [461, 591], [592, 709], [710, 880], [881, 980]], "first_sentence": "In accordance with a Delphic oracle, one figure by this name was invited to rule over a tribe called the Dolonci because he showed hospitality to them in their travels.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A composition by this man calls for two bassoons, two contrabassoons, and four trombones, but only uses them for a few bars in its first movement, which is marked \"Sostenuto tranquillo ma cantabile\". Another work by this composer asks the chorus to repeat only the words 'Domine Deus Noster' in its first ten sections. In the first movement of a composition by this man, a 24-bar theme forms the basis of a canon that opens in two parts in the basses and adds a new part every 25 measures until it becomes an eight-part canon. Interest in this composer of an Opus 44 Miserere was revived by the 1992 publication of a platinum-selling recording of one of his works featuring the soloist Dawn Upshaw. The three movements of that work are all marked Lento, and feature a soprano singing a Silesian folk song, a 15th-century lament of Mary, and a text written on the wall of a Gestapo cell. For 10 points, name this 20th-century Polish composer of the Symphony of Sorrowful Songs.", "answer": "Henryk Miko\u0142 Gorecki", "page": "Henryk_G\u00f3recki", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719537", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102196, "tokenizations": [[0, 199], [200, 318], [319, 526], [527, 698], [699, 886], [887, 976]], "first_sentence": "A composition by this man calls for two bassoons, two contrabassoons, and four trombones, but only uses them for a few bars in its first movement, which is marked \"Sostenuto tranquillo ma cantabile\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This poem refers to the mystical ladder of divine love presented in the Dark Night of the Soul in its late mention of \"the figure of ten stairs\". Its fourth section asks \"Will the sunflower turn to us, will the clematis / Stray down, bend to us[?]\" and describes a time when \"the light is still / At the still point of the turning world\". This poem describes the \"desiccation\", \"evacuation\", and \"inoperancy\" of the worlds of \"sense\", \"fancy\", and \"spirit\" that occur after a descent into \"the world of perpetual solitude\". In its first section, a bird tells a poet to \"round the corner\" into the \"first world,\" warning the poet that \"humankind cannot bear much reality\" as it guides them through a place whose \"leaves were full of children\" laughing and hiding. This poem features the recurring image of a rose-garden at a house in the Cotswolds, and begins with the lines \"Time present and time past / Are both perhaps present in time future\". For 10 points, name this poem, the first of T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets.", "answer": "\"Burnt Norton\" [prompt on \"the Four Quartets\"]", "page": "Burnt_Norton", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719538", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102197, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 296], [297, 338], [339, 523], [524, 762], [763, 903], [904, 945], [946, 1017]], "first_sentence": "This poem refers to the mystical ladder of divine love presented in the Dark Night of the Soul in its late mention of \"the figure of ten stairs\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Under this government, a celebration known as the Double Centenary Exposition was held, and in its honor, a marble mosaic \"windrose\" was donated from South Africa. The church-controlled Radio Renaissance became this government's official organ, and its constitution was allegedly based on the encyclical Rerum Novarum, as decreed by its lawmaking body, the Corporative National Assembly. During its last years, it waged the Ultramar War, or Overseas War, which contributed to it being replaced by the PREC. This government's agreement with the Vatican See was known as the Concordat of 1940. It rose to power by replacing the Ditadura Nacional established by Oscar Carmona, and under this government, the PIDE operated as a secret police force, until the Armed Forces Movement dispatched it by way of the Carnation Revolution. For 10 points, name this government in place from 1933 to 1974, starting with the rise of Antonio Salazar as dictator in Portugal.", "answer": "Estado Novo [or New State; or Second Republic of Portugal; prompt on less specific answers, such as \"Portugal\" or \"Salazar's Portuguese state\"]", "page": "Estado_Novo_(Portugal)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719539", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102198, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 387], [388, 506], [507, 591], [592, 826], [827, 957]], "first_sentence": "Under this government, a celebration known as the Double Centenary Exposition was held, and in its honor, a marble mosaic \"windrose\" was donated from South Africa.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This structure is notoriously called a \"Trojan Horse\" in Sanford Kwinter's book Requiem: For the City at the End of the Millennium. To help engineer this masterpiece, 9-ton, cast-steel \"gerberettes\" were used to support its long trusses. Along with a building in New York City, Nam June Paik broadcasted Good Morning, Mr. Orwell from this building. Jean Tinguely's kinetic sculptures of a firebird and a fox can be found at Stravinsky Fountain, which is nearby this building that was inspired by Archigram's \"Plug-in City.\" This building, which houses a library, a medical center, and an art museum, contains no internal elevators. Instead, a large escalator attached to the front fac\u0327ade moves people along its seven floors. Giant blue tubes carry oxygen into this building, which gets its water from green tubes and electricity from yellow tubes. For 10 points, name this Parisian building that was designed by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, and named for a Prime Minister of France.", "answer": "Pompidou Center [or Centre Georges Pompidou; or Centre Pompidou]", "page": "Centre_Georges_Pompidou", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571953a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102199, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 131], [132, 237], [238, 348], [349, 522], [522, 523], [524, 631], [632, 725], [726, 848], [849, 986]], "first_sentence": "This structure is notoriously called a \"Trojan Horse\" in Sanford Kwinter's book Requiem:", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The QED one-loop correction to the electron's value for this quantity equals the fine structure constant divided by 2 pi. QCD predicts that the ratio of this quantity for the proton to this quantity for the neutron equals minus three halves. For an electron, QED predicts this quantity's classical version to be multiplied by a factor of 2.002, an improvement in accuracy over the factor of 2 predicted by the Dirac equation. Along with the flux and the longitudinal invariant, this quantity is the first adiabatic invariant for a gyrating charged particle. This value for an object divided by an object's angular momentum gives the gyromagnetic ratio, and that aforementioned factor of 2.002 which multiplies this quantity's classical version in quantum mechanics is the g-factor. The electron's value for this quantity is a physical constant named for Bohr. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to the product of the area of a current loop and the current going through the loop, which is symbolized mu, like its electric counterpart.", "answer": "magnetic dipole moment [prompt on \"mu\"]", "page": "Magnetic_moment", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571953b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102200, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 241], [242, 425], [426, 557], [558, 781], [782, 859], [860, 1039]], "first_sentence": "The QED one-loop correction to the electron's value for this quantity equals the fine structure constant divided by 2 pi.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character refers to absinthe as \"the glaucous witch,\" or \"la sorciere glauque,\" in one of his many slips into French. The narrator decides that either \"hungry\" or \"dim\" is \"le mot juste\" for this character, who claims to read Shelley in domino rooms to break up his \"evenness.\" This character writes a poem that describes the sounds of \"cymbals rouged with rust\" and ends \"THOU HAST NOT BEEN NOR ART!\" Negations and Fungoids are among the books by this character, a self-described \"Catholic Diabolist\" who is first encountered during the narrator's dinner with the painter Rothenstein. This character is horrified to find the words \"immajnari karrakter\" in a book by T.K. Nupton after a \"Mephistophelean man\" sends him to the British Museum's Reading Room on June 3, 1997, where he attempts to look himself up. For 10 points, name this failed author who makes a deal with the devil only to learn that, in the future, he is only remembered as the title character of a story by Max Beerbohm.", "answer": "Enoch Soames [accept either underlined portion]", "page": "Enoch_Soames", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571953c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102201, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 281], [281, 378], [378, 382], [383, 405], [405, 406], [407, 590], [591, 815], [816, 994]], "first_sentence": "This character refers to absinthe as \"the glaucous witch,\" or \"la sorciere glauque,\" in one of his many slips into French.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Massachusetts-born Episcopalian William Reed Huntington added to this series by providing a piece titled for an \"American point of view.\" Four pieces towards the end of this collection are entitled \"Catena Patrum,\" while two others examine the doctrine of John Cosin. A small number of works in this collection were written by Hurrell Froude, but he died of tuberculosis before it was completed. The final piece in this collection caused a firestorm by arguing that the Thirty Nine Articles were compatible with the Council of Trent and general Catholic practice. Written over a period from 1833 to 1841, the more notable authors of this collection included John Keble and Edward Pusey, and its title became a synonym for the movement that produced it. For 10 points, name this series of 90 works about the theology of the Oxford Movement, many written by John Henry Newman, which caused his movement to be dubbed the Tractarians.", "answer": "Tracts for the Times [prompt on \"The Tracts\"]", "page": "Tracts_for_the_Times", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571953d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102202, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [140, 141], [142, 271], [272, 399], [400, 567], [568, 756], [757, 934]], "first_sentence": "The Massachusetts-born Episcopalian William Reed Huntington added to this series by providing a piece titled for an \"American point of view.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Early rulers of this dynasty were often advised by members of the Bunnag family, a Persian house descended from Sheikh Ahmad, starting with Dis Bunnag, one of the two sons of Akka Mahasena. A member of this dynasty appointed Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns as his advisor and was embarrassed by the Front Palace Crisis, in which his court failed to put out a fire at the eponymous complex. This dynasty's first ruler solidified power by winning the Nine Armies War, and it allowed free trade within its territory by agreeing to the Bowring Treaty, which replaced the Burney Treaty. This dynasty included rulers like Chulalongkorn and his son Vajiravudh (vah-ji-ravoot), but it's better known for a ruler who offered elephants as a gift to James Buchanan and was tutored by Anna Leonowens. For 10 points, name this royal house that included Mongkut and several other Ramas, and still rules today in Thailand.", "answer": "Chakri Dynasty [or Ratchawong Chakkri]", "page": "Chakri_dynasty", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571953e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102203, "tokenizations": [[0, 189], [190, 382], [383, 574], [575, 781], [782, 900]], "first_sentence": "Early rulers of this dynasty were often advised by members of the Bunnag family, a Persian house descended from Sheikh Ahmad, starting with Dis Bunnag, one of the two sons of Akka Mahasena.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author used phrases like \"where the light of the senses / in lofty flames did rise\" and \"where to the flow of youth / God still showed himself\" to describe the past in a poem that asks \"What in this world should we all do with love and with faith?\" This author's brother Bernhard is referred to as \"the Angel in the House\" in a novel that depicts his time living with Coelestin Just. He outlined a universal study of science and poetry calledencyclopedistics in his \"notes for an encyclopedia,\" Das Allgemeine Brouillon. The Athenaeum published a collection by this author whose second section opens by asking \"Must the morning always return? Will the despotism of the earthly never cease?\" That collection by this man ends with the poem \"Longing for Death.\" He stars in Penelope Fitzgerald's final novel, which depicts his love for Sophie von Kuhn and his obsession with the \"blue flower.\" For 10 points, name this early German romantic poet, the author of Hymns to the Nigh", "answer": "Novalis [or Friedrich von Hardenberg; or Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg]", "page": "Novalis", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571953f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102204, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 253], [254, 388], [389, 525], [526, 647], [648, 695], [696, 763], [764, 895], [896, 980]], "first_sentence": "This author used phrases like \"where the light of the senses / in lofty flames did rise\" and \"where to the flow of youth /", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In The Metamorphoses, this figure states that she has often read the names on empty tombs while giving an impassioned speech in which she reminds her husband that his father-in-law controls winds that may create deadly red lightning in the sky. This woman's story in The Metamorphoses features a digression in which Iris enters the cave from which Lethe springs to ask Morpheus to transform into an ethereal version of this woman's husband. This Queen of Trachis is unable to convince her husband to abandon his sea journey to the oracle of Delphi, causing her to incessantly worry about his doomed fate. After Zeus strikes down this character's husband for uxoriously calling her \"Hera\" during bouts of lovemaking, she is turned into a kingfisher. For 10 points, name this wife of Ceyx [\"see-ix\"] who gives her name to an English word referring to an idyllic past.", "answer": "Alcyone [or Halkyon; or Halcyon]", "page": "Alcyone", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719540", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102205, "tokenizations": [[0, 244], [245, 440], [441, 604], [605, 748], [749, 865]], "first_sentence": "In The Metamorphoses, this figure states that she has often read the names on empty tombs while giving an impassioned speech in which she reminds her husband that his father-in-law controls winds that may create deadly red lightning in the sky.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One protein involved in this process contains an arginine-rich bridge helix within its REC lobe. 11 proteins in this process form a seahorse-shaped complex called CASCADE. The aforementioned protein involved in this process carries out its activity using its HNH and RuvC domains. The nucleotide sequence NGG must be present in order for this process to occur\u0096that sequence is called a PAM. In this process, a tracrRNA base pairs with a crRNA to form an sgRNA. In this process, a guide RNA guides a nuclease to a protospacer motif, then a double-strand break is created in the foreign DNA by the cas9 nuclease. Genome editing is commonly performed using, for 10 points, what form of adaptive prokaryotic immunity that uses repeated DNA sequences to silence the genes of attackers?", "answer": "CRISPR/cas9 [or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/cas9]", "page": "CRISPR", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719541", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102206, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 171], [172, 280], [281, 390], [391, 460], [461, 610], [611, 780]], "first_sentence": "One protein involved in this process contains an arginine-rich bridge helix within its REC lobe.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A \"balanced path\" of a certain quantity in this formalism is achieved with assumptions that ensure its predictions correspond to Nicholas Kaldor's stylized facts. When this formalism's central equation satisfies Euler's homogeneity theorem, there is no need to specify the ownership of firms since their profit in the long run is zero. Mankiw, Romer, and Weil proposed augmenting this formalism with a distinction between human and physical capital. An extension of this formalism that adds the assumptions of Walrasian equilibrium and endogenous household savings is named for Ramsey, Cass, and Koopmans. Equilibrium in this formalism is achieved when gross investment equals depreciation. This formalism was intended to critique the Harrod-Domar model and uses a neoclassical production function with exogenous savings. For 10 points, name this growth model sometimes co-named for Trevor Swan and sometimes named just for an MIT economist.", "answer": "Solow-Swan-Cass-Koopmans model [or Solow in combination with any of the other names; or \"neo-classical growth model\" until \"endogenous\" is read]", "page": "Solow\u2013Swan_model", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719542", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102207, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 335], [336, 449], [450, 605], [606, 690], [691, 821], [822, 941]], "first_sentence": "A \"balanced path\" of a certain quantity in this formalism is achieved with assumptions that ensure its predictions correspond to Nicholas Kaldor's stylized facts.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "James Jackson Storrow headed a commission charged with investigating grievances prior to this event. Legislation put forth by Albert Pillsbury was a major impetus for this event, which Lawrence Lowell tried to mitigate by asking for volunteer students. The attempts of Andrew James Peters to resolve it peacefully were mostly unsuccessful, after it resulted when Edwin Upton Curtis issued a General Order prohibiting the central group from \"serving two masters.\" Francis Russell wrote A City in Terror about this event, during which participants gathered at Scollay Square until scattered by a threat of live ammunition. Commissioner Curtis was supported during this incident by Governor Calvin Coolidge, who issued a response to Samuel Gompers declaring that \"there is no right to strike against the public safety.\" For 10 points, name this 1919 event which saw law enforcement personnel in a city in Massachusetts refuse to work.", "answer": "Boston Police Strike of 1919 [or obvious equivalents that refer to striking, Boston, and police officers; prompt on partial answers]", "page": "Boston_Police_Strike", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719543", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102208, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 252], [253, 462], [463, 620], [621, 815], [815, 931]], "first_sentence": "James Jackson Storrow headed a commission charged with investigating grievances prior to this event.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The founder of this dynasty had all 20,000 male inhabitants of Kerman blinded and their eyeballs poured out into a pile in front of him. This dynasty granted a concession to G.F. Talbot that established a monopoly over production of tobacco, leading to widespread protests. A minister hired by this dynasty, Morgan Shuster, was forced to resign and one of its prime ministers, Amir Kabir, was forced into exile by Nasser-e-Din after founding a university at Dar ul-Fanun. This dynasty underwent the Constitutional Revolution and entered the Treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchai. Its early rulers included Fath Ali and Agha Muhammad Khan, who founded this line by overthrowing the Afsharid and Zand Dynasties. This dynasty was split into zones of influence by the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907, and dissolved with the rise of Reza Shah Pahlavi. For 10 points, name this dynasty which ruled Persia from 1785 to 1925.", "answer": "Qajar dynasty", "page": "Qajar_dynasty", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719544", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102209, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 273], [274, 471], [472, 578], [579, 708], [709, 843], [844, 914]], "first_sentence": "The founder of this dynasty had all 20,000 male inhabitants of Kerman blinded and their eyeballs poured out into a pile in front of him.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "At the conclusion of this book, Paphnutius suggests to a character to suppress the narrative, since a \"greater liar\" will eventually tell it. Another character in this book is mortally wounded in the land of Abcasia, after which he looks in the mirror of the gymnosophists and sees his true love just before dying. In this book, a castle outfitted with the mirrors of Archimedes that contains seven gilded heads of John the Baptist belongs to the scholar Ardzrouni. The protagonist meets a skiapod named Gavagai and falls in love with a female satyr named Hypatia while in Pndapetzim (\"pin-da-pet-zim\"), long after his ability to learn languages enticed Frederick Barbarossa into adopting him. In this novel's frame narrative, its title character meets Niketas Choniates (\"cho-nye-ah-tees\") during the Fourth-Crusade sack of Constantinople and relates his life story, including his search for Prester John. For 10 points, name this novel about a medieval traveller by Umberto Eco.", "answer": "Baudolino", "page": "Baudolino", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719545", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102210, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 314], [315, 465], [466, 693], [694, 906], [907, 980]], "first_sentence": "At the conclusion of this book, Paphnutius suggests to a character to suppress the narrative, since a \"greater liar\" will eventually tell it.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This artist's assistant claimed that he saturated his paintings with a layer of oil in between sessions, as seen in his illustration of Lord Byron that shows cannibals on a boat, The Shipwreck of Don Juan. Louis-Philippe commissioned a painting by this artist in which knights abandon their raid on Jerusalem and instead sack the title city. This artist of Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople depicted the green and red cloth-wrapped arm and hand of a dead figure protruding from the foreground rubble in a painting in which a turbaned Turk triumphantly plants a standard. Another of his paintings depicts the smoldering city of Dis in the background, while showing the nude oarsman Phlegyas next to a poet. For 10 points, name this artist who showed a bare-bosomed woman kneeling in exhaustion on some rocks in Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi, who also painted The Barque of Dante and The Massacre of Chios.", "answer": "Euge\u0300ne Delacroix [or Ferdinand Victor Euge\u0300ne Delacroix]", "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719546", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102211, "tokenizations": [[0, 205], [206, 341], [342, 577], [578, 712], [713, 925]], "first_sentence": "This artist's assistant claimed that he saturated his paintings with a layer of oil in between sessions, as seen in his illustration of Lord Byron that shows cannibals on a boat, The Shipwreck of Don Juan.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A space that has this property locally will have it globally if it is paracompact and Hausdorff. The weak topology on a normed infinite dimensional space does not possess this property. Having a countably, locally finite basis is a necessary condition for having this property by the Nagata-Smirnov theorem. A theorem named for this property is proven by invoking a lemma which states that normality is equivalent to disjoint closed subsets being separable by continuous functions. That lemma is named for Pavel Urysohn and is used to show that a space being regular and countable is a sufficient criterion to have this property, a theorem that is also named for Pavel Urysohn. A space has this property, if, for any pair of points, the namesake function doesn't violate the triangle inequality, is symmetric, and is non-negative. For 10 points, name this property of spaces that allows one to define a function that returns a distance value.", "answer": "metrizable [or word forms; or the space has a metric; or the space is homeomorphic to a metric space]", "page": "Metrization_theorem", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719547", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102212, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 185], [186, 307], [308, 481], [482, 677], [678, 830], [831, 942]], "first_sentence": "A space that has this property locally will have it globally if it is paracompact and Hausdorff.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A popular song named for this group tells them to \"Come out and fight me like a man, show your wife how you won medals out in Flanders.\" Formed at the suggestion of Henry Wilson, this group operated from its base at Gormanstown depot and at Beggar's Bush, from which it moved to set fire to a hosiery factory during a raid in Balbriggan. It was formed at the same time as the Auxiliary Division, or \"Auxies,\" headed by Frank Crozier, and together both were involved in an incident at Croke Park where the soccer players Jim Egan and Michael Hogan were fired on in the midst of a crowd, on a day called Bloody Sunday. A pack of foxhounds inspired the name for this group, which was formed from army veterans who volunteered when the RIC ran short on troops. For 10 points, name this paramilitary unit of British soldiers used in 1920 to put down Irish independence, and named for their makeshift uniforms which appeared to be two colors.", "answer": "Black and Tans [or Auxiliary Division or Auxies until \"Auxiliary\" is read; prompt on the \"Royal Irish Constabulary Reserve Force\" or \"RIC\" until \"RIC\" is read]", "page": "Black_and_Tans", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719548", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102213, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 337], [338, 616], [617, 756], [757, 936]], "first_sentence": "A popular song named for this group tells them to \"Come out and fight me like a man, show your wife how you won medals out in Flanders.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Joseph Greenberg's Universal 28 states that this process always follows its counterpart if they both follow the source. The West African language of Fula is unique in that diminutives are formed by this process. The Slavic language Sorbian is an unusual example since it features syncretism, in which this process is partially reversed. Unlike a related process, this process is not iterative and usually induces less allomorphy. The inherent type of this process does not depend on syntax and is contrasted with the contextual type. A type of this process that makes use of non-cognate words is suppletion and is exemplified by the Latin word fero. This process does not generate a new lexeme, unlike derivation. For 10 points, name this process of modifying a word to alter its aspect, mood or some other grammatical category, such as conjugating a verb or declining a noun.", "answer": "inflection [or word forms]", "page": "Inflection", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b9154095719549", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102214, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 211], [212, 336], [337, 429], [430, 533], [534, 649], [650, 713], [714, 876]], "first_sentence": "Joseph Greenberg's Universal 28 states that this process always follows its counterpart if they both follow the source.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One member of this group avoided having his son married into a rival clan by staying drunk for 60 straight days, so he couldn't give his consent to the wedding; he also rebuked the northern Ruan family by taking his underwear off in public. That group by this name was led by the alchemist Ji Kang, a master of the zither instrument who supported the Xuanxue movement, or the Dark Learning, popular among scholars in the south during the Six Dynasties. The earliest reference to a group by this name is probably the Apkallu in Sumerian legend, which are half-fish creatures that emerged from the primordial Abzu water to teach humans. In addition to a neo-Taoist group named for meeting at the \"Bamboo Grove,\" this name is shared by another group that gets recreated during every Manvantara. That group includes a man whose wives Aditi and Diti gave birth to the Asuras and the Devas. For 10 points, Kashyapa is a member of what group, which consists of a certain number of enlightened men?", "answer": "Seven Sages [or Seven Worthies; or Seven Wise Men; or Saptarishi; or Septarishi; or Seven Rishi; or Zhulingixian; or Chu-lin ch'i-hsien; or Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove; or obvious equivalents implying seven wise men; prompt for a number, if not given by the player]", "page": "Seven_Sages_of_Greece", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571954a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102215, "tokenizations": [[0, 240], [241, 452], [453, 634], [635, 791], [792, 884], [885, 990]], "first_sentence": "One member of this group avoided having his son married into a rival clan by staying drunk for 60 straight days, so he couldn't give his consent to the wedding; he also rebuked the northern Ruan family by taking his underwear off in public.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The stage directions for this play indicate that an autotype of the main figure of Titian's Assumption should hang above the fireplace. After learning that the woman he loves fills dirty lamps daily, a character in this play promises her a chariot to carry them into the stars, comparing those stars to lamps that \"don't need to be filled with paraffin oil every day.\" The title character of this play stares at the tip of a poker while becoming intensely bored by a poetry reading. At the opening of this play, the secretary Proserpine \"Prossy\" Garnett berates the low-class curate Lexy and lets in Mr. Burgess to speak with his son-in-law, a Christian socialist lecturer who later gives a speech at the Guild of St. Matthew. This entry in Plays Peasant is subtitled \"A Mystery,\" and ends with the title \"pure\" woman choosing her husband James Morrell over the poet Eugene Marchbanks. For 10 points, name this comedy by George Bernard Shaw named for a woman.", "answer": "Candida, A Mystery", "page": "Candida_(play)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85370b915409571954b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102216, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 367], [367, 482], [483, 726], [727, 885], [886, 959]], "first_sentence": "The stage directions for this play indicate that an autotype of the main figure of Titian's Assumption should hang above the fireplace.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "MIDA can be used as a protecting group for one example of this type of reaction. One reaction of this type is typically carried out using an inorganic base such as cesium carbonate or potassium carbonate alongside a tetrakis-triphenylphosphine complex. Secondary and tertiary amines can be synthesized using one of these reactions named for Buchwald and Hartwig. One of these reactions replaces the usual central step with a migratory insertion followed by a beta-hydride elimination. A Grignard reagent is used in one of these reactions named for Kumada, while other examples using tin and zinc catalysts are named for Stille and Negishi. The catalytic cycle of these reactions consists of a reductive elimination, an oxidative addition, and a transmetalation. For 10 points, name these reactions, one example of which uses a palladium catalyst to make a carbon-carbon bond between a boronic acid and a halide, which is named for Suzuki.", "answer": "palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions [or more specific answers, such as Suzuki / Heck / Negishi / Kuamda / Stille coupling]", "page": "Palladium-catalyzed_coupling_reactions", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571954c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102217, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 252], [253, 362], [363, 484], [485, 639], [640, 761], [762, 938]], "first_sentence": "MIDA can be used as a protecting group for one example of this type of reaction.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This institution was allegedly founded at a spot where a hunter saw a family of bears climb down from a tree, since the bears could have attacked John Jay Shipherd and Philo Stewart, but instead let them live by walking away. This institution sponsored a group including Charles Tenney and Martin Stimson to travel to Shanxi Province in 1882 as missionaries; all 15 original members of that so-called band were executed in the wake of the Boxer Rebellion. A group of people from this place traveled to Wellington to rescue the fugitive John Price. The first president of this institution, Asa Mahan, was originally one of the \"Lane Rebels\" who defected to this place at the invitation of men like Arthur Tappan and Charles Finney, who became a professor of theology here, after it voted to accept people of any color as students. For 10 points, name this historical college founded in 1833 in Ohio.", "answer": "Oberlin College", "page": "Oberlin_College", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571954d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102218, "tokenizations": [[0, 225], [226, 455], [456, 547], [548, 829], [830, 898]], "first_sentence": "This institution was allegedly founded at a spot where a hunter saw a family of bears climb down from a tree, since the bears could have attacked John Jay Shipherd and Philo Stewart, but instead let them live by walking away.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This text warns against frivolously speculating about the nature of Being due to the double meaning of the verb \"to be\" by comparing a steam engine and Milo of Crotona. A portion of this book argues that unexplained phenomena are partly the result of chance, and that so-called \"residual phenomena\" may be discovered if chance is eliminated. Its last section, which largely concerns the social sciences, proposes a \"physical\" or \"concrete\" method that is applicable to political economy, but not sociology or history. The second of its six books contains a chapter divided into \"five canons\" on the four methods of experimental inquiry, such as agreement, elimination and difference. The author's view that the value of names is solely that of its referent is presented in this text. For 10 points, name this treatise on ratiocinative and inductive methods, which was written by John Stuart Mill.", "answer": "A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive", "page": "A_System_of_Logic", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571954e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102219, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 341], [342, 517], [518, 683], [684, 783], [784, 896]], "first_sentence": "This text warns against frivolously speculating about the nature of Being due to the double meaning of the verb \"to be\" by comparing a steam engine and Milo of Crotona.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Ashman phenomenon is a specific type of this condition. A potentially lethal form of this condition occurs in Brugada syndrome. Drugs used to treat this condition are categorized using the Vaughn-Williams classification. This condition can be caused in Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome by the creation of an accessory conduction pathway. A similar accessory pathway called the bundle of Kent also leads to this condition in a pre-excitation syndrome known as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. This condition may be treated by sodium-channel blockers such as flecainide and procainamide. The drug Sotalol, which length- ens the QT interval, is a beta blocker which treats this condition. Atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation are types of this condition. It also includes tachycardias and bradycardias, which involve rates below 60 bpm or above 100 bpm. For 10 points, name this condition in which the heart beats irregularly.", "answer": "cardiac arrhythmia [or cardiac dysrhythmia; or tachycardias; or bradycardias; or atrial flutter; or atrial fibrillation; or ventricular flutter; or ventricular fibrillation; prompt on descriptive answers, such as \"an irregular heartbeat\"]", "page": "Heart_arrhythmia", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571954f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102220, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 224], [225, 336], [337, 489], [490, 583], [584, 683], [684, 751], [752, 850], [851, 923]], "first_sentence": "The Ashman phenomenon is a specific type of this condition. A potentially lethal form of this condition occurs in Brugada syndrome.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Gottfried Stolzel composed one of these pieces for four choirs. A polystylic example of one of these pieces includes a tango for harpsichord in its fifth movement Rondo, and begins with a quiet passage for prepared piano. That piece is the first of the six ones composed by Alfred Schnittke. Handel composed a third movement musette for the sixth of these pieces published as his Opus 6. Another piece in this genre imitates the sound of the zampogna, a bagpipe played by Italian shepherds, in its final movement Pastorale. Pieces of this type often pass music between the ripieno and a small group of string instruments called the concertino. Handel's pieces in this genre were modeled after the twelve published as the Opus 6 of Corelli, which includes one composed for Christmas. For 10 points, name this popular Baroque orchestral genre that was eclipsed in popularity by the solo concerto.", "answer": "concerto grosso [or concerti grossi; prompt on \"concerto\" until it is read]", "page": "Concerto_grosso", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719550", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102221, "tokenizations": [[0, 63], [64, 221], [222, 291], [292, 387], [388, 523], [524, 643], [644, 782], [783, 894]], "first_sentence": "Gottfried Stolzel composed one of these pieces for four choirs.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Curing this disease is an unintended side effect of a fertility drug made from the \"martin\" that is the subject of the research of the Kurtz-like Dr. Annick Swenson in Ann Patchett's novel State of Wonder. The missing L. Murugan is obsessed with the history of this disease in a 1995 novel, in which the main characters discover a cult that attempts to use the transmission of this disease as a vehicle for soul transference. A short story titled for a euphemism for this disease ends with a character to responding to the accusation that she \"had nothing but that one letter he didn't write\" with the zinger \"I had Barbara\", and depicts an argument between Mrs. Ansley and Mrs. Slade. A literary character catches this disease after walking with Giovanelli through the Colosseum at night. Amitav Ghosh's The Calcutta Chromosome fictionalizes the research done on this disease by Robert Ross. For 10 points, name this disease that kills Daisy Miller and is referred to in the title of Edith Wharton's \"Roman Fever\".", "answer": "malaria [prompt on \"Roman Fever\" until it is read]", "page": "Malaria", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719553", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102224, "tokenizations": [[0, 205], [206, 425], [426, 685], [686, 789], [790, 892], [893, 1015]], "first_sentence": "Curing this disease is an unintended side effect of a fertility drug made from the \"martin\" that is the subject of the research of the Kurtz-like Dr. Annick Swenson in Ann Patchett's novel State of Wonder.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An artist born in this country created the ephemeral installation Intensities and Surfaces, in which slabs of ice surrounding a core of rock salt were left to melt. An art exhibit in this country featured a duo's The Rape of Creativity, in which Goya's The Disasters of War was defaced with insertions of Nazis, zombies and Ronald McDonalds. Those artists, Anya Gallaccio and the Chapman brothers, were part of an art movement in this country that began with the exhibition Freeze, whose organizer created \"spot paintings\" by directly painting on gymnasium walls. This country was the setting of Break Down, in which Michael Landy destroyed all of his possessions. The businessman Charles Saatchi patronizes a group of artists working in this country, including the creator of the tent Everyone I have Ever Slept With and the creator of an artwork featuring a preserved shark. Tracy Emin and Damien Hirst are members of, for 10 points, what country's YBA movement, which sometimes exhibits in the Tate?", "answer": "Great Britain [or Scotland until \"Creativity\" is read and prompt thereafter; prompt on \"England\"]", "page": "Great_Britain", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719554", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102225, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 341], [342, 563], [564, 664], [665, 794], [795, 812], [813, 876], [877, 1002]], "first_sentence": "An artist born in this country created the ephemeral installation Intensities and Surfaces, in which slabs of ice surrounding a core of rock salt were left to melt.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This quantity can be estimated using 12 parameters by the Ramsauer model, and in a different context, it is given by the Rosenbluth formula. Its value due to the presence of a charge distribution equals its value due to an equivalent point charge times the square of the form factor. The formula for this quantity is modified by two \"structure functions\" which are functions of the square of the momentum transfer and the energy transfer in a phenomenon called Bjorken scaling. This quantity equals 4 pi divided by the wave vector times the imaginary part of \"f of zero\" according to the optical theorem. The mean free path is the inverse of the \"macroscopic\" form of this quantity, which equals the number of particles per unit volume times its \"microscopic\" form. This quantity is equal to the square of the scattering amplitude, and for a sphere it equals pi times the radius of the sphere squared. It is often given in units of barns. For 10 points, name this quantity denoted sigma which represents an effective area characterizing a particle interaction.", "answer": "cross section [or differential cross section; or total cross section; or macroscopic cross section; or microscopic cross section; or scattering cross section; prompt on \"effective area\"]", "page": "Cross_section_(physics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719555", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102226, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 283], [284, 477], [478, 604], [605, 765], [766, 901], [902, 938], [939, 1060]], "first_sentence": "This quantity can be estimated using 12 parameters by the Ramsauer model, and in a different context, it is given by the Rosenbluth formula.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The basin of this river contains the largest-known deposit of trona ore, which is refined into soda ash, a fact which led this river to become the namesake of a soda pop released just after Prohibition by the Sweetwater Beverage Company. After it's joined by the Big Sandy River, it flows through the Fontanelle Reservoir at the town of La Barge. This river shares its name with a city that, in 1931, was the first to prohibit door-to-door solicitation by passing its namesake ordinance. It picks up Nine Mile Creek and Yampa River at Steamboat Rock, after passing through the scenic Gates of Lodore. It also runs through the Flaming Gorge Dam, creating a reservoir when it passes through the Uinta Mountains, and the banks of this river contain the fossil beds of Dinosaur National Monument. For 10 points, name this largest tributary of the Colorado River, which passes through a namesake town in southern Wyoming.", "answer": "Green River", "page": "Green_River_(Colorado_River_tributary)", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719556", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102227, "tokenizations": [[0, 237], [238, 346], [347, 487], [488, 600], [601, 792], [793, 916]], "first_sentence": "The basin of this river contains the largest-known deposit of trona ore, which is refined into soda ash, a fact which led this river to become the namesake of a soda pop released just after Prohibition by the Sweetwater Beverage Company.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After one character in this work puts on a Chopin ballade, a man named Wilkinson is shot in the back of the head. Minor characters in this work include an electrician who always stays for one more drink and a Moorish tart named Anita. At one point, its protagonist gets into a dispute with his American lover about the wasteful purchase of a new fox cape; that discussion ends when Max enters Room 110 in the Hotel Florida and Dorothy Bridges leaves. Originally published in a 1938 volume along with its author's first 49 stories, including works from collections like Winner Take Nothing and Men Without Women, this work in three acts centers on playboy journalist Philip Rawlings, who is really a spy for the Republican forces in Madrid. For 10 points, identify this play set during the Spanish Civil War, the only such work by Ernest Hemingway.", "answer": "The Fifth Column", "page": "Fifth_column", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719557", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102228, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 234], [235, 450], [451, 568], [569, 739], [740, 847]], "first_sentence": "After one character in this work puts on a Chopin ballade, a man named Wilkinson is shot in the back of the head.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This ruler tried to broker peace on a barren plain called Campus Serenus, but on being rebuffed, his army won the Battle of Tzirallum, though shortly afterwards he was defeated in battles at Cibalae and on the plain of Mardia. This ruler was granted the territory of Pannonia at the Conference of Carnuntum, and expanded his power from that base. His fleet of ships was busted up by the general Flavius Crispus at the Battle of the Hellespont, after which he met his final defeat at Chrysopolis and was kept as prisoner at Thessalonica until being hanged the following year. He ascended to the throne solely due to his friendship with Galerius, and in the midst of fighting against his main rival Maximinus Daia, he celebrated his wedding to Constantia, which was the occasion for the formal issuance of the Edict of Milan. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor who, after defeating Maxentius and Maximinus, launched a failed civil war against Constantine the Great.", "answer": "Licinius [or Valerius Licinius Licinianus]", "page": "Licinius", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719558", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102229, "tokenizations": [[0, 226], [227, 346], [347, 574], [575, 823], [824, 967]], "first_sentence": "This ruler tried to broker peace on a barren plain called Campus Serenus, but on being rebuffed, his army won the Battle of Tzirallum, though shortly afterwards he was defeated in battles at Cibalae and on the plain of Mardia.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After this man bought up huge tracts of land, he became involved in a dispute with Joseph Plumb Martin over the right to farm that property, and reportedly bankrupted Martin. When this general threatened to resign from the army over the appointment of Philippe du Coudray, that French soldier of fortune was reassigned to the post of inspector general. This man made the decision to storm the stone house of Benjamin Chew at the Battle of Germantown and use that home as a fort. He initially led the contingent of officers that drafted a letter complaining about war pensions, during the Newburgh Conspiracy. This man, who also founded the Society of the Cincinnati, is best known for fortifying Dorchester Heights by conducting the \"noble train of artillery,\" in which he transported a bunch of cannons from Fort Ticonderoga. For 10 points, name this fat general from Maine who Washington appointed as the first Secretary of War.", "answer": "Henry Knox", "page": "Henry_Knox", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719559", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102230, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 352], [353, 478], [479, 608], [609, 826], [827, 930]], "first_sentence": "After this man bought up huge tracts of land, he became involved in a dispute with Joseph Plumb Martin over the right to farm that property, and reportedly bankrupted Martin.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One man who took part in this event related its narrative to Mayhew Folger, including the story of a bible that had been given to him by Ned Young. A book about the \"cause and consequences\" of this event written by John Barrow includes a copy of the journal by James Morrison. Another account of this event was first written by a man named Gabriel Marcel, at the National Library of France, but that narrative was bought for 300 francs by another man who published the story with his novel The Begum's Fortune. A more popular account of this event from the perspective of Roger Byam, a personification of Peter Heywood, was written by the team of Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall. That account is the first in a trilogy, followed by the books Men Against the Sea and Pitcairn's Island. For 10 points, name this event which allegedly saw Fletcher Christian lead a revolt against his tyrannical captain.", "answer": "the Mutiny on the Bounty [or obvious equivalents that imply an uprising against Captain Bligh on the H.M.S. Bounty]", "page": "Indian_Rebellion_of_1857", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571955a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102231, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 276], [277, 510], [511, 686], [687, 791], [792, 907]], "first_sentence": "One man who took part in this event related its narrative to Mayhew Folger, including the story of a bible that had been given to him by Ned Young.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At one moment in this piece, a harp signals a glimpse of sunlight as the music reaches C major. As it builds towards a climax, indicated con gran suono, the central melody fades over a quietly beating drum while the accompanying strings play col legno tremolos. The composer's notes atop the original score described the title figure anthropomorphically as \"majestically singing.\" The central solo melody of this piece is occasionally answered by brief phrases from the cello or viola, and is joined by a muted horn after a long period of silence from the brass. Originally conceived as a prelude to the composer's opera The Building of the Boat, its main melody is played by an English horn, and it is the second part in a suite about the adventures of Lemminkainen. For 10 points, identify this tone poem by Jean Sibelius named for a bird that glides around the waters surrounding the land of the dead.", "answer": "The Swan of Tuonela [or Tuonelan Joutsen]", "page": "The_Swan_of_Tuonela", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571955b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102232, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 261], [262, 379], [379, 562], [563, 767], [768, 904]], "first_sentence": "At one moment in this piece, a harp signals a glimpse of sunlight as the music reaches C major.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one of these works the speaker compares himself to a \"hydropic drunkard\" and a \"night scouting thief\" in lamenting his suffering. In another, the speaker invokes treasonous pilgrims to describe his \"black soul.\" A poem in this collection asks the addressee to \"pour new seas in mine eyes, that so I might / Drown my world with my weeping earnestly.\" The eleventh of them imagines the narrator as Christ commanding his Jewish executioners to \"pierce my side,\" while number 17, which begins \"Since she whom I loved hath paid her last debt,\" has often been read as an elegy to the poet's wife, Anne Moore.A\u0302 In another of these poems, the speaker compares himself to a \"usurped town\" and asks the addressee to \"break, blow, burn and make me new\". Often titled by their first lines, poems in this collection include \"I am a little world made cunningly\" and \"Batter my heart, three person'd god.\" For 10 points, identify this collection of nineteen poems which includes \"Death, be not proud,\" by John Donne.", "answer": "Holy Sonnets [or Divine Meditations; or Divine Sonnets]", "page": "Holy_Sonnets", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571955c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102233, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 214], [215, 351], [351, 605], [605, 607], [608, 746], [747, 879], [880, 893], [893, 1005]], "first_sentence": "In one of these works the speaker compares himself to a \"hydropic drunkard\" and a \"night scouting thief\" in lamenting his suffering.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "While serving as Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense, this politician infamously joked \"It doesn't look too bad to me,\" leading Jerome Cavanagh to respond \"Usually the city isn't burning!\" As a result of that trip, this man wrote a report to the president on the cause of the 12th Street Riot in Detroit. Late in his career, as Special Envoy to the UN Secretary General, he negotiated a namesake plan which achieved two brief ceasefires between Franjo Tudjman and Slobodan Milosevic during the 1991 Croatian war, but was replaced by the Z-4 Plan. He was also the deputy to Averell Harriman at the 1968 Vietnam peace talks in Paris. Like Hillary Clinton, he wrote a memoir titled Hard Choices, recounting his opposition to the war-hawk policies of National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski. He resigned his highest office in reaction to Operation Eagle Claw, after which he was replaced by Edmund Muskie. For 10 points, name this man who succeeded Henry Kissinger as Secretary of State, and served in that office under Jimmy Carter.", "answer": "Cyrus Vance", "page": "Cyrus_Vance", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571955d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102234, "tokenizations": [[0, 198], [199, 314], [315, 556], [557, 641], [642, 803], [804, 917], [918, 1045]], "first_sentence": "While serving as Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense, this politician infamously joked \"It doesn't look too bad to me,\" leading Jerome Cavanagh to respond \"Usually the city isn't burning!\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The hepatitis C protein NS3 acts as both a protease and as one of these proteins. The nuclear protein Mtr4p and the mitochondrial protein Suv3p are examples of the Ski2 family of these proteins. They're not dyneins or kinesins, but the \"rolling\" and \"inchworm\" models are proposed mechanisms for one of these proteins called PcrA. One type of these proteins contains a Q motif to control ATP binding as well as a Walker B motif containing an aspartate- glutamine-alanine-aspartate sequence. One type of these proteins is a hexamer which uses NTP hydrolysis to translocate along its substrate. Examples of these proteins include UvrD, RecQ, DEAD box proteins, and DnaB. These enzymes are loaded onto ori sites, where they break the hydrogen bonds between nucleobases, initiating replication. For 10 points, name these enzymes which generate a replication fork by unwinding double-stranded DNA.", "answer": "helicases", "page": "Helicase", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571955e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102235, "tokenizations": [[0, 81], [82, 194], [195, 490], [491, 592], [593, 668], [669, 790], [791, 892]], "first_sentence": "The hepatitis C protein NS3 acts as both a protease and as one of these proteins.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A son of this man fought alongside Leonteus during the Trojan War and buried Calchas in Colophon. One story claimed that this man was killed by a dog with the unoriginal name of \"Cerberus\" while attempting to gain access to Cora, the daughter of the Molossian king Aedoneus. This father of Polypoetes is mocked by Lelex for objecting to a story told by Achelous in the Metamorphoses. After driving a herd of cattle out of Marathon, he befriended their owner, and aided that man in his attempt to abduct a 13-year-old princess. This character's wedding to Hippodamia was the occasion for the brawl between the Centaurs and his people. Heracles was unable to rescue this man from the stone in the underworld where he and a companion became stuck while this man was trying to abduct Persephone. For 10 points, name this Lapith king, a longtime companion of Theseus.", "answer": "Pirithous [or Peirithous; or Perithous]", "page": "Pirithous", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571955f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102236, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 274], [275, 383], [384, 526], [527, 633], [634, 791], [792, 862]], "first_sentence": "A son of this man fought alongside Leonteus during the Trojan War and buried Calchas in Colophon.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This religious leader's followers included David Darrow, who was arrested by local commissioners after being suspected of providing a flock of sheep to the \"enemy.\" As a youth, this figure participated in the \"silent meditations\" organized by James and Jane Wardley who were themselves inspired by Camisards. According to Frederick W. Evans, who wrote a leading history of the group this person is affiliated with, a \"special manifestation of divine light\" appeared to this figure at the age of 22. Originally from Manchester, several followers including James Whittaker and John Hocknell joined this self-proclaimed \"Bride of the Lamb\" in settling at Watervliet, near the city of Albany, where she founded the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing and preached communal ownership of goods and celibacy. For 10 points, identify this Shaker leader known by the epithet \"Mother.\"", "answer": "Ann Lee [or Mother Ann; prompt on just \"Ann\"]", "page": "Ann_Lee", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719560", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102237, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [163, 164], [165, 308], [309, 498], [499, 822], [823, 896]], "first_sentence": "This religious leader's followers included David Darrow, who was arrested by local commissioners after being suspected of providing a flock of sheep to the \"enemy.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This system added a new command called SWAPGS so that the GS base can be quickly switched with the KernelGSBase. It assigns interrupts with a value in between 1 and 15 through the use of CR8, so that tasks can be prioritized. This system also supports a mode of \"RIP-relative\" addressing so that position independent code can be written with the base pointer as a reference. Its other advantages include the fact that a task state segment is no longer needed and a \"long mode\" in which approximately 40 bits are reserved for physical addressing. Products that use it include the Jaguar, which can be found inside the PS4 and XboxOne. This instruction set architecture was first developed by AMD, who first used it in their Opteron processors, though it was later implemented by Intel in 2004 in later releases of their Pentium 4 line. For 10 points, name this architecture that offers twice as many bits as x-86.", "answer": "x-64 [or x-86-64; or AMD64; prompt on \"64-bit architecture\"; do NOT accept or prompt on \"x-86\" or \"AMD\"]", "page": "X", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719561", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102238, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 225], [226, 374], [375, 545], [546, 633], [634, 834], [835, 912]], "first_sentence": "This system added a new command called SWAPGS so that the GS base can be quickly switched with the KernelGSBase.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A collection by this author that was first translated into English by Georg D. Schade includes a story in which the narrator and his sick brother's wife Natalia arrange the brother's death during a pilgrimage to a shrine at the title place. The narrator of one of this author's short stories worries that Tacha will end up a whore like her two sisters after a cow is washed away by a flood. Thirty-five years after a dispute over cattle pasturing caused the main character of one of this man's stories to kill Don Lupe Terreros, the arrival of a firing squad prompts that character to make the title plea to his son Justino. This author of \"Talpa\", \"Because We Are So Poor\" and \"Tell Them Not to Kill Me!\" wrote a novel adored by Gabriel Garcia Marquez in which ghosts describe the title character's influence on the town of Comala to his son, Juan Preciado. The collection The Burning Plain was written by, for 10 points, which Mexican author of Pedro Paramo?", "answer": "Juan Rulfo [or Juan Nepomuceno Carlos Perez Rulfo Vizcaino]", "page": "Juan_Rulfo", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719562", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102239, "tokenizations": [[0, 240], [241, 390], [391, 624], [625, 858], [859, 960]], "first_sentence": "A collection by this author that was first translated into English by Georg D. Schade includes a story in which the narrator and his sick brother's wife Natalia arrange the brother's death during a pilgrimage to a shrine at the title place.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one painting, this artist depicted numerous Catholics with bloody backs and pointed hats who are whipping themselves while men in black hoods control the crowd. An interior night scene by this artist depicts four dunce-capped men at an auto- da-fe. Both of those paintings, The Procession of the Flagellants and The Inquisition Scene, are part of this artist's program that illustrates religious mass hysteria while attacking the reign of the \"Felon King.\" One painting by this artist, which is named for the feminine aspect of a demon, depicts two levitating men pointing at a plateau as soldiers on the bottom right aim their rifles at them. Another painting by this artist of Asmodea features his mistress Leocadia Weiss as the title Seductress. He made those paintings while at the Quinta del Sordo;where he also made a painting showing Saturn devouring his son. For 10 points, name this artist who created the so-called \"Black Paintings.\"", "answer": "Francisco Goya", "page": "Francisco_Goya", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719563", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102240, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 251], [252, 458], [458, 459], [460, 646], [647, 751], [752, 869], [870, 946]], "first_sentence": "In one painting, this artist depicted numerous Catholics with bloody backs and pointed hats who are whipping themselves while men in black hoods control the crowd.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Three years before this event, a journalist using the pen name Harry Alis was killed after being accused of accepting Belgian bribes, preventing his plans from being released to the Prince of Arenberg. The run-up to this incident saw one party abrogate the Mackinnon Treaty, which would have surrendered territory as far north as the Lado Enclave. That led Edward Grey to issue a warning in a speech given on behalf of Archibald Primrose. Prior to this incident, Major J.A.L. Macdonald was initially chosen to conduct a secret operation after news about the steamer Faidherbe and its mission reached the government of Lord Salisbury. Subsequently, the former victor at the Battle of Omdurman was tabbed to lead a flotilla of gunboats that ran into a force under Jean-Baptiste Marchand. This event eventually led to the Entente Cordiale. For 10 points, name this diplomatic incident in 1898 that saw France and Britain race each other to claim a muddy fort in Africa.", "answer": "Fashoda Incident [or Fashoda Crisis of 1898]", "page": "Fashoda_Incident", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719564", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102241, "tokenizations": [[0, 201], [202, 347], [348, 438], [439, 633], [634, 785], [786, 836], [837, 966]], "first_sentence": "Three years before this event, a journalist using the pen name Harry Alis was killed after being accused of accepting Belgian bribes, preventing his plans from being released to the Prince of Arenberg.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This philosopher rejected the internal consistency of Plato's account of the fable of Gyges' ring in a work in which a Christian, an Epicurean and a Stoic debate what is the highest good. In his major work of language, this humanist, who authored De Vero Bono, quotes thirty pages of Quintilian's Institutio Oratoria since he has nothing new to add about the various forms of argumentation. He wrote a three-volume project that attempted to refute the grammars of Priscian, Donatus and Servius as well as the scholasticism of Aristotle titled The Reploughing of Dialectic and Philosophy. As a philologist, he authored a handbook on the Latin language titled Elegantiae linguae Latinae; interest in that language led him to author another a treatise that argued a certain Roman ruler must have hid his true nature from his relatives and friends if Pope Sylvester I was really given authority over the entirety of the Western Roman Empire. For 10 points, name this Renaissance philosopher who demonstrated that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery.", "answer": "Lorenzo Valla [or Laurentius Valla]", "page": "Lorenzo_Valla", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719565", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102242, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 390], [391, 587], [588, 937], [938, 1051]], "first_sentence": "This philosopher rejected the internal consistency of Plato's account of the fable of Gyges' ring in a work in which a Christian, an Epicurean and a Stoic debate what is the highest good.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This work's narrator forgets to bring a dog with him when he visits the supposedly poisonous \"Grotto of the Dog,\" making it impossible to see whether it will kill a dog in a minute and a half. In another section, the narrator reads about St. Philip Neri's heart, which was inflamed with so much divine love that it burst his ribs. It also relates a story in which a \"relic-hunter\" caused a wart to appear on the jaw of the sphinx. In an early chapter, a fellow named Mr. Blucher believes he is ruined when he orders a dinner that appears too costly for his compatriots. The narrator of this book tells the \"Legend of the Seven Sleepers\" after arriving in Ephesus. This book incorporated a series of letters that had appeared in the Daily Alta California and documents a trip aboard the Quaker City. The success of this book led its author to follow-up with the similar A Tramp Abroad and Roughing It. For 10 points, name this satirical travelogue subtitled \"the New Pilgrims' Progress,\" in which Mark Twain poked fun at the Old World.", "answer": "The Innocents Abroad", "page": "The_Innocents_Abroad", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719566", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102243, "tokenizations": [[0, 192], [193, 330], [331, 430], [431, 569], [570, 663], [664, 798], [799, 900], [901, 1034]], "first_sentence": "This work's narrator forgets to bring a dog with him when he visits the supposedly poisonous \"Grotto of the Dog,\" making it impossible to see whether it will kill a dog in a minute and a half.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Recent excavations in this country's Bose Basin have unearthed the Acheulian axe, which repudiates the theory of the Movius Line. In 2012, the largest ever feathered dinosaur, of genus Yutyrannus, was discovered in this country. A French anthropologist working in this country argued that galactic, earth, life and consciousness were the four types of evolution, which he incorporated into his later book The Phenomenon of Man. In 1978, the elongated, fossilized skull of Dali Man was found in this country, providing some physical evidence of man in the Pleistocene. Johan Gunnar Andersson found two teeth in a cave near this country's \"Chicken Bone Hill.\" A Jesuit anthropologist working in this country named Pierre Teilhard de Chardin worked with Davidson Black to discover the fossilized remains of a Homo Erectus in the Western Hills near Zhoukoudian. For 10 points, name this country of origin of Peking Man.", "answer": "People's Republic of China", "page": "China", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719567", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102244, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 228], [229, 427], [428, 567], [568, 657], [658, 857], [858, 915]], "first_sentence": "Recent excavations in this country's Bose Basin have unearthed the Acheulian axe, which repudiates the theory of the Movius Line.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to one account, this man planted 84 mulberry trees to feed silkworms after reading a manual on the subject, and he hosted a group at his home known as \"Chiquita Francia\" because they studied French books. Known as \"El Zorro\" or the \"Fox\" for his cunning, he met his end at the \"Wells of Baja\u0301n\" after he was tricked into believing a shipment of weapons was there for him to take. His key victory over general Torcuato Trujillo at \"Monte de Las Cruces\" is now commemorated by La Marquesa National Park. After meeting at Charo, he directed his subordinate Jose\u0301 Morelos to raise troops on the southern coast. This man, captured and executed after the Battle of Calderon Bridge, gained fame after he joined the Queretaro conspiracy and allegedly shouted \"Long live Ferdinand VII!\" and \"Death to Bad Government!\" out of a window, an event called the Grito de Dolores. For 10 points, name this Catholic priest who died in 1811, an early father of Mexican independence.", "answer": "Miguel Hidalgo [or Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla; or Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villasen\u0303or]", "page": "Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719568", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102245, "tokenizations": [[0, 214], [215, 389], [390, 511], [512, 616], [617, 787], [788, 818], [819, 873], [874, 973]], "first_sentence": "According to one account, this man planted 84 mulberry trees to feed silkworms after reading a manual on the subject, and he hosted a group at his home known as \"Chiquita Francia\" because they studied French books.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This ligand is the main one found in a Chini cluster. Four of these ligands are found in Collman's reagent. Walter Hieber synthesized many coordination complexes containing this ligand. This is the main ligand found in the cobalt catalyst which was originally used in the oxo process for hydroformylation. Along with cyanide and nitric oxide, this ligand lies at the top of the strong-field end of the spectrochemical series. This ligand has a vibrational frequency of 2143 cm-1 in the free state, but when bound to a metal this frequency decreases to 1700-2100 cm-1 due to pi backbonding. Four of these ligands are removed from a nickel center due to heating in the Mond process. This ligand has around 200 times the affinity of oxygen when binding to hemoglobin, making this compound a potentially fatal respiratory toxin. For 10 points, name this compound that forms carbonyl ligands.", "answer": "carbon monoxide [or carbonyl ligand until it is read]", "page": "Carbon_monoxide", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719569", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102246, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 185], [186, 305], [306, 425], [426, 589], [590, 680], [681, 824], [825, 887]], "first_sentence": "This ligand is the main one found in a Chini cluster. Four of these ligands are found in Collman's reagent.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The protagonist of this novel stores his liquors in a \"mouth organ,\" and believes that each of his alcohols corresponds to a different musical instrument. In another section of this novel, the protagonist is inspired by reading Dickens to explore London, but is satisfied after hearing English speakers in a tavern in Dieppe. After having his tooth extracted by the dentist Gatonax, the protagonist of this novel sees that the tortoise whose shell he encrusted with jewels has perished on his carpet. This novel is probably the \"yellow book\" that Henry Wotton gives to Dorian Gray in Oscar Wilde's novel. Its protagonist isolates himself in a house that he decorates with Gustave Moreau's paintings, though after fainting, he abandons his pursuit of aestheticism and returns to Parisian life. For 10 points, name this novel in which Jean des Esseintes embraces a decadent lifestyle, a novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans.", "answer": "A Rebours [or Against the Grain; or Against the Flow]", "page": "\u00c0_rebours", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571956a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102247, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 325], [326, 500], [501, 604], [605, 792], [793, 914]], "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel stores his liquors in a \"mouth organ,\" and believes that each of his alcohols corresponds to a different musical instrument.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The strength of this phenomenon is maximized when the composition of a material is near the morphotropic phase bound- ary. The decrease in the resonant frequency of a material exhibiting this phenomenon when a mass is added to it is calculated using the Sauerbrey equation, which is the basis behind QCM instruments. This phenomenon's longitudinal coefficient is un- usually negative in PVDF. The coefficients of this phenomenon are located in a rank-3 tensor which is found in two coupled equations which relate the D-field to the stress tensor and the E-field to the strain tensor. This phenomenon occurs in ceramics that lack inversion centers, such as barium titanate and PZT. Materials exhibiting this phenomenon are used in the tips of scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopes. It famously occurs in Rochelle salt and quartz. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which mechanical deformation of a crystal leads to the generation of an electric field, and vice versa.", "answer": "piezoelectricity [or electrostriction]", "page": "Piezoelectricity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571956b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102248, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 316], [317, 392], [393, 583], [584, 680], [681, 790], [791, 838], [839, 981]], "first_sentence": "The strength of this phenomenon is maximized when the composition of a material is near the morphotropic phase bound- ary.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A likely-fictional account and defense of this man's life was written hundreds of years later by Lucas Tudensis. He composed many letters to his younger associate Braulio, who compiled a posthumous list of his works called the Renotatio. This man who is not Lucretius dedicated his text On the Nature of Things to the ruler Sisebut, a friend of his whom he praised as an enlightened king. This man's younger sister Florentina allegedly held claim over forty convents, and at her request he wrote his two books Against the Jews, while his younger brother Fulgentius served as bishop of Astigi. He gained his highest office by replacing his older brother Leander, who had been a favorite of Pope Gregory I. This man is remembered for composing a twenty-book encyclopedia, which offers to explain the origin of several words, entitled the Etymologies. For 10 points, name this Doctor of the Church, a saint who served under the Visigoths in Spain as archbishop in Seville.", "answer": "Saint Isidore of Seville [or Isidorus Hispalensis]", "page": "Isidore_of_Seville", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571956c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102249, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 237], [238, 388], [389, 592], [593, 704], [705, 848], [849, 969]], "first_sentence": "A likely-fictional account and defense of this man's life was written hundreds of years later by Lucas Tudensis.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 1991 Miles Davis recording of this song appears on the same track as the song \"Dig\" on the album At La Villette. According to its composer, this song was inspired by the \"clackety-clack, clackety-clack\" noises of a horse-drawn wagon moving over cobblestones. This song, which is usually recorded in the key of concert F, opens with a head in which the ninth and tenth bars are repeated twice for a total of 16 bars in its blues form. A Simha Arom and Genvie\u0300ve Taurelle LP inspired a version of this song in which Bill Summers imitated the sound of a hindewhu by blowing into a beer bottle. This song originally appeared on the album Takin' Off, but was the subject of a popular recording by Mongo Santamaria in 1963; a later recording made by its composer added in funk elements and is found on the album Head Hunters. For 10 points, name this Herbie Hancock jazz standard named after a purveyor of a certain type of fruit.", "answer": "\"Watermelon Man\"", "page": "Watermelon_Man_(film)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571956d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102250, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 260], [261, 435], [436, 592], [593, 821], [822, 926]], "first_sentence": "A 1991 Miles Davis recording of this song appears on the same track as the song \"Dig\" on the album At La Villette.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This poem describes \"lakes of liquid gold,\" \"purple fires,\" \"angels in machines,\" and \"snakes on rolling spires,\" at a location occupied by living teapots, jars, bottles and a solitary pipkin. That place in this poem is ruled by a monarch served by handmaids called \"Ill-Nature\" and \"Affection.\" A character in this poem visits that Queen to obtain a vial filled with \"fainting fears\" and \"soft sorrows,\" as well as a wondrous bag that holds the \"force of female lungs\" and the \"war of tongues.\" Later, that character finds his master weeping in Thalestris's arms. At the end of this poem, the title object shoots \"thro' liquid air\" and becomes a star; earlier, it was acquired by a noble during a game of ombre. This poem details a gnome's visit to the Cave of Spleen, and it begins \"What dire Offence from am'rous causes Springs, what mighty Contests rise from Trivial things.\" For 10 points, name this mock heroic poem in which a baron cuts Belinda's hair, by Alexander Pope.", "answer": "The Rape of the Lock", "page": "The_Rape_of_the_Lock", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571956e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102251, "tokenizations": [[0, 192], [193, 295], [296, 495], [496, 564], [565, 712], [713, 879], [880, 978]], "first_sentence": "This poem describes \"lakes of liquid gold,\" \"purple fires,\" \"angels in machines,\" and \"snakes on rolling spires,\" at a location occupied by living teapots, jars, bottles and a solitary pipkin.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The first derivation of the potential vorticity equation under a relaxed form of this condition was performed by Jule Charney using Ertel's theorem. That potential vorticity equation under a loosened form of this condition reduces synoptic-scale flow to a non-linear PDE in terms of the stream function. That loosened condition is used because real systems tend to be baroclinic rather than barotropic and prefixes this condition with \"quasi-\". An incompressible fluid's flow under this condition forms a Taylor column and is independent of the coordinate parallel to the rotation axis according to the Taylor-Proudman theorem. This condition occurs when the ratio of horizontal flow velocity to twice the angular velocity of Earth's rotation times the horizontal scale of the flow, is much less than unity. Like hydrostatic equilibrium, it requires that there be no acceleration, and that ratio is the Rossby number. For 10 points, name this condition in which the pressure gradient force for a flow is balanced by the Coriolis effect.", "answer": "geostrophic [or word forms, such as geostrophy; or quasi-geostrophic until \"incompressible\" is read]", "page": "Geostrophic_current", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571956f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102252, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 303], [304, 444], [445, 627], [628, 807], [808, 917], [918, 1036]], "first_sentence": "The first derivation of the potential vorticity equation under a relaxed form of this condition was performed by Jule Charney using Ertel's theorem.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artist's version of The Annunciation features a brown-haired adolescent Mary draped in Middle Eastern cloth and a golden blotch of radiant light in place of Gabriel. A faceless man in white robes holding a lantern provides the lighting to this man's night scene, The Flight into Egypt. The businessman Rodman Wanamaker patronized this artist after he saw his Resurrection of Lazarus at the Salon of 1897; that act allowed him to make 1902's The Seine and 1919's The Arch. This artist was taught by Jean-Paul Laurens after he left the United States, where he studied under Thomas Eakins. This man depicted a father and his child praying at the table in The Thankful Poor. A young boy sits on the lap of his elder while receiving musical instruction in another painting by this man. For 10 points, name this Philadelphia born African-American artist of The Banjo Lesson.", "answer": "Henry Ossawa Tanner", "page": "Henry_Ossawa_Tanner", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719570", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102253, "tokenizations": [[0, 170], [171, 290], [291, 476], [477, 591], [592, 675], [676, 785], [786, 873]], "first_sentence": "This artist's version of The Annunciation features a brown-haired adolescent Mary draped in Middle Eastern cloth and a golden blotch of radiant light in place of Gabriel.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Mark Richardson compares the speaker of this poem to Huck Finn in an analysis that frames it as a criticism of a certain \"mode of being White\", noting that this poem \"comes fully alive\" only after one recognizes the import of a line about \"squiggling saxophones\". This poem describes figures \"smacking their muzzy bellies in parade\" as \"disaffected flagellants, well-stuffed\", and lists \"tink and tank and tunk-a-tunk-tunk\" as \"novelties of the sublime\". It tells its addressee that \"palm for palm, [...] we are where we began\" and admits that \"We agree in principle. That's clear.\" It advocates building a \"haunted heaven\" and projecting \"a masque beyond the planets\" from, respectively, a nave and a peristyle constructed from \"the moral law\" and \"the opposing law\". This poem notes that \"fictive things / Wink as they will\" and opens with the related declaration \"Poetry is the supreme fiction, madame\". For 10 points, name this Wallace Stevens poem whose title may refer to his religious mother.", "answer": "\"A High-Toned Old Christian Woman\"", "page": "A_High-Toned_Old_Christian_Woman", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719571", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102254, "tokenizations": [[0, 263], [264, 454], [455, 567], [568, 581], [581, 768], [769, 906], [907, 999]], "first_sentence": "Mark Richardson compares the speaker of this poem to Huck Finn in an analysis that frames it as a criticism of a certain \"mode of being White\", noting that this poem \"comes fully alive\" only after one recognizes the import of a line about \"squiggling saxophones\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This city was governed for a time by the rebel general Achaeus, until he was betrayed by a resident named Bolis, leading to his capture by Antiochus III. According to legend, a concubine of Males (MAH-lays) came forward in this city with a young lion, and Males tried to fulfill a Telmessian prophecy by having that lion walk around this city, but this city became vulnerable because the lion couldn't walk up its steepest slope. Another story says that its destruction caused a ruler to shoot an arrow in the air and yell \"Jupiter, grant me revenge upon the Athenians!\" when he learned that Athens gave ships to Aristagoras to burn this city. This city, on the banks of the Pactolus River and the slopes of Mount Tmolus, was plundered after the Battle of Thymbra. An apocryphal tale says it was visited by king Solon of Athens, who engaged in a dialogue where he declined to praise this city's ruler for his wealth. For 10 points, name this ancient capital of the Lydian empire under King Croesus.", "answer": "Sardis [or Sardes; or Sfard; or Sparda; or Sardeis; or Sart; or Sartmahmut; do not accept \"Sparta\"]", "page": "Sardis", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719572", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102255, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 429], [430, 643], [644, 764], [765, 916], [917, 998]], "first_sentence": "This city was governed for a time by the rebel general Achaeus, until he was betrayed by a resident named Bolis, leading to his capture by Antiochus III.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The study of this topic was partially reshaped by Louis Mink, who considered its various uses in \"Narrative Form as a Cognitive Instrument.\" A book about this subject has an epigraph from Gaston Bachelard's The Psychoanalysis of Fire stating \"One can only study what one has dreamed about.\" That book analyzes this topic using the literary modes of Northrop Frye's Anatomy of Criticism. An essay on this topic proposes that various intellectuals approach this subject using either the antiquarian, monumental or critical methods. Hayden White wrote a \"meta-study\" of this subject, whose \"use and abuse\" is discussed in an untimely meditation by Friedrich Nietzsche. In the 19th century, Thomas Carlyle proposed the \"great man theory\" of this topic, which is imagined to proceed through the age of gods, the age of heroes and the age of men in The New Science. Giambattista Vico produced a cyclical model of, for 10 points, what study of past human events?", "answer": "history [or metahistory]", "page": "History", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719573", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102256, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [139, 290], [291, 386], [387, 529], [530, 665], [666, 859], [860, 955]], "first_sentence": "The study of this topic was partially reshaped by Louis Mink, who considered its various uses in \"Narrative Form as a Cognitive Instrument.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The protein VIVID regulates this organism's response to blue light, which is mediated in part by the WHITE COLLAR complex. In one mechanism discovered in this organism, duplicated DNA sequences are removed during a sexual cross via the accumulation of numerous G:C to A:T mutations\u0096that mechanism is repeat-induced point mutation. This organism's frq or \"frequency\" gene codes for a well-studied circadian clock protein. Its wild-type strains include Mauriceville and Oak Ridge. This organism has a haploid life cycle with 7 chromosomes, and it generates an ordered tetrad during meiosis. In a landmark experiment, X-ray-induced mutants of this organism were grown in various \"minimal\" and \"complete\" media, showing that all of the mutants that could not grow in minimal media were able to grow successfully with the addition of a single nutrient, such as biotin or thiamine. For 10 points, name this bread mold, a model organism used by George Beadle and Edward Tatum to come up with the one-gene one-enzyme hypothesis.", "answer": "Neurospora crassa [or N. crassa, prompt on \"bread molds\"]", "page": "Neurospora_crassa", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719574", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102257, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 270], [270, 330], [331, 420], [421, 478], [479, 588], [589, 875], [876, 1020]], "first_sentence": "The protein VIVID regulates this organism's response to blue light, which is mediated in part by the WHITE COLLAR complex.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "n his first appearance, this character compares the title figure to a \"cicada of the long-legged race\" that always sings the \"same old ditty\" in the grass. In one scene, he entertains Frosch and Siebel by singing a song about a king with a giant flea while drinking in Auerbach's cellar. This character gives advice to a \"proktophantasmist,\" by suggesting that he apply leeches to his fat \"rear end.\" Later, this character advises his companion that the magic image of Medusa's eyes are not that of his beloved. This character twice procures a case of jewels and leaves them behind in a certain character's cabinet so that his companion can seduce her. He first appears in the \"Prologue in Heaven,\" where he and God have a conversation about the pursuits of the title figure. After another character attempts to translate the word logos, this character offers to show that man the \"great world\" and the \"small world\" when he transforms from his poodle form into his human form. For 10 points, name this demon who tempts the scholar Faust in Goethe's drama.", "answer": "Mephistopheles [prompt on \"The Devil\"; do not accept or prompt on \"Satan\"]", "page": "Mephistopheles", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719575", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102258, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 287], [288, 400], [401, 511], [512, 652], [653, 775], [776, 977], [978, 1056]], "first_sentence": "n his first appearance, this character compares the title figure to a \"cicada of the long-legged race\" that always sings the \"same old ditty\" in the grass.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The first movement of a work written for this ensemble introduces an unusually long theme in 3/2 time that spans more than three octaves, the first of twelve themes in the work. Lawrence Foster orchestrated that work for this ensemble, which features movements marked \"Tres fougueux\" and \"Mouvement de valse bien rythme\u0301e\" and is a C major work by Georges Enescu. Both a Niels Gade work in F major and a Max Bruch work in B-flat major were written for this ensemble. Another work for this ensemble features a scherzo that was later orchestrated to replace the minuet in its composer's first symphony; that scherzo was inspired by a passage from the \"Walpurgisnacht\" section of Goethe's Faust. The finale of that work for this ensemble quotes from Handel's \"Hallelujah Chorus\" and was completed shortly before its composer's Overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream. For 10 points, a young Felix Mendelssohn wrote an E-flat major work for what ensemble that is sometimes composed of two string quartets?", "answer": "tring octets [prompt on \"octets\" or \"double string quartets\"]", "page": "String_octet", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719576", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102259, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 363], [364, 466], [467, 692], [693, 862], [863, 999]], "first_sentence": "The first movement of a work written for this ensemble introduces an unusually long theme in 3/2 time that spans more than three octaves, the first of twelve themes in the work.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During one episode in this incident, state officials broke into the office of Achilles Sneed to recover records that he was ordered to turn over by the legislature, after which he was fined. A compromise that appointed George Bibb to replace John Boyle eventually resolved this incident, which was sparked when governor Gabriel Slaughter enacted a measure to deal with a group called the \"Forty Thieves.\" This incident began when the state Assembly issued the \"replevy law\" stopping creditors from collecting on their debts for at least one year. After that law was successfully challenged, governor Joseph Desha of the newly-formed Debt Relief Party responded by passing a reorganization bill. The journalist Francis Blair was appointed as the clerk for one side in this controversy. That side was also supported by Solomon Sharp, which may have led to his murder by Jereboam Beauchamp, as detailed in the novel World Enough and Time. Many years later, the common law of the state was modified to remove all cases decided by one body in this incident. For 10 points, name this controversy which began in Kentucky in 1824, when two separate legal tribunals vied for supremacy.", "answer": "Old Court-New Court controversy [or New Court-Old Court controversy; prompt on \"the court controversy in Kentucky\"or the \"Panic of 1819\"]", "page": "Old_Court_\u2013_New_Court_controversy", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719577", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102260, "tokenizations": [[0, 190], [191, 403], [403, 404], [405, 546], [547, 694], [695, 784], [785, 935], [936, 1052], [1053, 1176]], "first_sentence": "During one episode in this incident, state officials broke into the office of Achilles Sneed to recover records that he was ordered to turn over by the legislature, after which he was fined.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "If the trajectory of a photon travelling in a material possesses this property, the photon can constructively self-interfere via coherent backscattering. For Stokes flow, a swimmer whose swimming motion possesses this property will not achieve propulsion according to the scallop theorem. The surface states of topological insulators are protected by conservation of particle number and this property. All spin-1/2 eigenstates of a Hamiltonian with it must be at least doubly-degenerate according to Kramers' theorem. Applying the antiunitary operator associated with this property to the neutron causes a change in its spin, but no change in its electric dipole moment. The incompatibility between systems whose microscopic dynamics possess it and the second law of thermodynamics is described by Loschmidt's paradox. The combination of charge conjugation and parity inversion with this symmetry is an exact symmetry of all particle interactions according to the CPT theorem. For 10 points, name this symmetry in which the temporal order of events is flipped.", "answer": "time reversal symmetry [or T-symmetry until \"CPT\" is read and prompt thereafter; prompt on \"reversibility\"]", "page": "T-symmetry", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719579", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102262, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 288], [289, 401], [402, 517], [518, 670], [671, 818], [819, 976], [977, 1060]], "first_sentence": "If the trajectory of a photon travelling in a material possesses this property, the photon can constructively self-interfere via coherent backscattering.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After the success of this novel, its author wrote a number of works under the unusual pseudonym \"Brent of Bin Bin\". A character in this novel hits a man in the face with a riding whip despite having agreed to marry him, then only accepts a ring from him with the condition of a three-month probationary period. The protagonist of this novel is distressed by the dirtiness of Barney's Gap, where she serves as a governess to the M'Swat family. Its main character rejects proposals from Everard Grey, Frank Hawden, and her one true love, Harold Beecham. Followed forty-five years later by a sequel in which the title thing \"goes bung\", this novel was published with the aid of the poet Henry Lawson, and its success allowed the author to fund a prize that was first won by Patrick White. For 10 points, name this novel titled for Sybylla Melvyn's dreams of being a writer, the most famous novel by the Australian woman Miles Franklin.", "answer": "My Brilliant Career", "page": "My_Brilliant_Career", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571957a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102263, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 310], [311, 442], [443, 551], [552, 785], [786, 932]], "first_sentence": "After the success of this novel, its author wrote a number of works under the unusual pseudonym \"Brent of Bin Bin\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At one point, this book cites a left-wing journalist who asks himself \"must the just cause of a people include its deceptions and errors?\" after he realizes that his fate involves supporting the Koran and the Arab League. The author presents Nero as a typical model of the usurper, who came to hate Britannicus more as he was hurting him, and not content having taken his throne, ravished his love for Junia. This nonfiction work takes themes from its author's earlier autobiographical novel narrated by Alexandre Mordekhai Benillouche, which was entitled The Pillar of Salt. This book's republishing in 1991 added a new introduction by Nadine Gordimer alongside its original intro by Jean-Paul Sartre. In its preface, the author writes that the second half of this book reflects his own perspective as a poor Jewish boy growing up in Tunisia. For 10 points, name this nonfiction work by Albert Memmi, which uses the two title viewpoints to analyze colonialism.", "answer": "The Colonizer and the Colonized [or Portrait du colonise\u0301, pre\u0301ce\u0301de\u0301 par Portrait du colonisateur]", "page": "The_Colonizer_and_the_Colonized", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571957b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102264, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [137, 221], [222, 408], [409, 575], [576, 702], [703, 843], [844, 961]], "first_sentence": "At one point, this book cites a left-wing journalist who asks himself \"must the just cause of a people include its deceptions and errors?", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "As minister of education, this man sent a noted letter instructing all teachers that there must be \"no sectarian or party spirit in your school; the teacher must rise above the fleeting quarrels which agitate society\" - that letter was sent after he authored the Great Schools Law. Pejoratively referred to as \"the man of Ghent\" by his opponents, this author of History of the Origins of Representative Government in Europe ascended to his highest office on the retirement of Nicolas Soult. As foreign minister, he created controversy when he rejected Leopold of Saxe-Coburg Gotha as a suitor, and successfully demanded that the moderado candidate Francis, the Duke of Cadiz, be wed to Isabella II. That incident, called the Affair of the Spanish Marriages, was this man's quarrel with Lord Palmerston. He succeeded his friend Royer-Collard as leader of the Doctrinaires, a party that promoted the notion of the \"juste milieu.\" For 10 points, name this man who dominated the Chamber of Deputies during the July Monarchy, and was a rival of Adolphe Thiers while serving as prime minister under Louis Philippe, until he was removed in 1848.", "answer": "Francois Pierre Guillaume Guizot", "page": "Fran\u00e7ois_Guizot", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571957c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102265, "tokenizations": [[0, 281], [282, 490], [491, 698], [699, 802], [803, 927], [928, 1138]], "first_sentence": "As minister of education, this man sent a noted letter instructing all teachers that there must be \"no sectarian or party spirit in your school; the teacher must rise above the fleeting quarrels which agitate society\" - that letter was sent after he authored the Great Schools Law.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This artwork is discussed in a book by Harriet Senie, which discusses Claes Oldenberg's viewpoint that the one true problem with it was that it was \"too honest.\" To explain its purpose, its artist wrote in a letter that this artwork contracts, expands and ultimately changes in response to the viewers' movement. In response to questions posed by William Diamond, the artist's wife Clara Weyergraf compared the judgment of this artwork to Nazi book-burning. This piece of \"Process Art\" was made out of a self-oxidizing material, which made it more richly textured as time passed. It was commissioned by the GSA, who eventually oversaw a panel that ruled in favor of its 1989 dismantlement. This 120-foot long artwork stood in the Federal Plaza of Foley Square in New York. For 10 points, name this site-specific art installation by Richard Serra, whose name indicates that it is a piece of slightly bent metal.", "answer": "Tilted Arc", "page": "Tilted_Arc", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571957d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102266, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [160, 312], [313, 457], [458, 579], [580, 689], [690, 772], [773, 910]], "first_sentence": "This artwork is discussed in a book by Harriet Senie, which discusses Claes Oldenberg's viewpoint that the one true problem with it was that it was \"too honest.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "At this location, religious services were held on Wednesdays and Sundays in which attendees were split into three orders - all children and newlyweds were in the lowest order, and a 13-member Great Council governed affairs. The last divine leader in charge of this place, the wife of George Landmann, ordered that its members not plant any non-fruit-bearing trees, which was supervised by the \"kitchen bosses\" here. This entity purchased the town of Homestead, so that it would have access to a railway depot, as directed by that leader Barbara Heinemann. In 1931, it underwent the so-called \"Great Change\" when its elders voted to allow secularization, after its wool and flour mills went up in flames. It was founded by Christian Metz, a leader of the Community of True Inspiration, when he left the Ebenezer Colonies in New York in 1854 to find a more pastoral location for his band of German pietists. For 10 points, name this utopian community set up on the Iowa River valley, which later operated a business known for selling refrigerators.", "answer": "Amana colony [or the Ebenezer colonies until it is read]", "page": "Amana_Colonies", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571957e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102267, "tokenizations": [[0, 223], [224, 415], [416, 555], [556, 703], [704, 905], [906, 1046]], "first_sentence": "At this location, religious services were held on Wednesdays and Sundays in which attendees were split into three orders - all children and newlyweds were in the lowest order, and a 13-member Great Council governed affairs.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This two-word concept titles a book which closes with the chapter \"You're Fucking Around With Us? - Not For Long!\"; that work predicts that poetic vandalism will bring about its revolution and was written by Raoul Vaneigem. Another book named for this two-word concept argues that a man standing on top of the Twin Towers is unable to understand this concept unless he becomes a flaneur and treats the city below as a text that he is both reading and writing. A tome named for this two- word concept discusses a \"sociology of the dustbin\" and criticizes capitalism for creating the vicious circle of work's boredom necessitating leisure, which is itself necessary since identities can't be established through work. In that three volume work, this concept is comprised of a triad of \"subway, work, sleep\" for suburban commuters that gives rise to a false consciousness. For 10 points, Michel de Certeau discussed \"The Practice of\" what concept, which is the subject of a massive \"Critique\" by Henri Lefebvre?", "answer": "everyday life [or vie quotidienne; or The Revolution of Everyday Life; or The Practice of Everyday Life; or The Critique of Everyday Life]", "page": "Everyday_Life", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571957f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102268, "tokenizations": [[0, 67], [67, 99], [100, 114], [114, 223], [224, 459], [460, 715], [716, 869], [870, 1008]], "first_sentence": "This two-word concept titles a book which closes with the chapter \"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One parameter characterizing this phenomenon is the fragility index, which is the slope of an Angell plot. One theory describing this phenomenon states it takes place when the configurational entropy is zero, while another theory states it occurs at a precise value of the free volume. The Gibbs-DiMarzio theory describes this phenomenon. Extrapolating the entropy curve for this phenomenon paradoxically yields a zero change in entropy below a critical temperature, a result derived by Kauzmann. The temperature dependence of viscosity in this phenomenon can be measured by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation, the Doolittle equation, or the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation. In general, the temperature at which this process occurs tends to be low for an elastomer and high for a thermoplastic. It's not melting, but this process can be studied by performing either dilatometry or differential scanning calorimetry on a polymer. For 10 points, name this process in which an amorphous material reversibly transitions between a brittle and a rubbery state.", "answer": "glass transition", "page": "Glass_transition", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719580", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102269, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 285], [286, 338], [339, 496], [497, 673], [674, 793], [794, 927], [928, 1053]], "first_sentence": "One parameter characterizing this phenomenon is the fragility index, which is the slope of an Angell plot.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Early in this novel, the protagonist spends a train ride counting thirty-five advertisements for \"THE OX IN THE TEA- CUP\". Another character in this novel bursts out laughing after reading the phrase \"the story of Dante and Beatrice told by Hans Andersen\" in a review of her husband's book The Invisible Lover. Joan Thursley's fiance kills himself after she falls in love with the protagonist of this novel, which also includes a scene in which the betrayal of Holtzmann results in the kidnapping of Ekki Giesebrecht. The protagonist of this novel adopts the pacifistic philosophy of James Miller, who he meets in Mexico while searching for a doctor for his injured friend Mark Staithes. Its protagonist has affairs with both Mary Amberley and her daughter Helen Ledwidge, and is soaked in blood alongside the latter when a dog falls out of an airplane and explodes next to them. For 10 points, Anthony Beavis is the protagonist of which Aldous Huxley novel that takes its name from Samson Agonistes?", "answer": "Eyeless in Gaza", "page": "Eyeless_in_Gaza_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719581", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102270, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 310], [311, 517], [518, 687], [688, 879], [880, 1000]], "first_sentence": "Early in this novel, the protagonist spends a train ride counting thirty-five advertisements for \"THE OX IN THE TEA- CUP\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A play about this event, written by Tom Hawken, featured a band composed of three people who took part in it: Bobby Jackson, Ray Wainwright, and Jean Sheils, who was the daughter of a key leader in this event. The most comprehensive primary source on this event is a book by Ronald Liversedge, whose recollections describe how it was supported by Peter Mikkelson, Jimmy Gardiner, and mayor Cornelius Rink. Early on, participants in this event had a meeting at Riverside Park in Kamloops and a feast at the town of Golden. This effort was led by a man named Arthur \"Slim\" Evans, who led an organization called the Relief Camp Workers Union which used the motto \"Work and Wages.\" It culminated in his clash with a politician called the \"Iron Heel,\" R.B. Bennett, who used the Railway Act to empower himself as prime minister to order the mounted police to attack. For 10 points, name this event during the Great Depression, in which a bunch of unemployed men decided to gather in Vancouver and march on the Canadian capital.", "answer": "On-to-Ottawa Trek [or On-to-Ottawa Strike; or the Relief Camp strikes until \"Relief Camp\" is read; prompt on answers that imply \"a march to Ottawa\"]", "page": "On-to-Ottawa_Trek", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719582", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102271, "tokenizations": [[0, 209], [210, 405], [406, 521], [522, 676], [676, 861], [862, 1022]], "first_sentence": "A play about this event, written by Tom Hawken, featured a band composed of three people who took part in it: Bobby Jackson, Ray Wainwright, and Jean Sheils, who was the daughter of a key leader in this event.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to one account, a losing commander at this battle turned to his inexperienced subordinate, the Duke of Glouces- ter, and asked \"have you ever seen a battle won?\" - upon hearing a negative reply, he snapped \"then in half an hour, you will see one lost!\" Although Roger Fenwick was slain at this battle, his pikemen continued their charge under Major John Hinton. The primary losing commander was replaced the next year by the Marquis of Caracena. After leading a victorious force of six thousand infantrymen, William Lockhart was installed as governor in the area that hosted this battle. This clash, which followed the Battle of Valenciennes, saw the future king James II personally command a losing wing of the army under Juan Jose\u0301 of Austria. In its aftermath, Philip IV of Spain was forced to agree to the Peace of the Pyrenees. For 10 points, name this victory for the Vicomte de Turenne over the Spanish in 1658, which was fought near Dunkirk and named for its hills of sand.", "answer": "Battle of the Dunes [or Battle of Dunkirk until \"Dunkirk\" is read]", "page": "Battle_of_the_Dunes_(1658)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719583", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102272, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 262], [263, 371], [372, 455], [456, 597], [598, 755], [756, 842], [843, 991]], "first_sentence": "According to one account, a losing commander at this battle turned to his inexperienced subordinate, the Duke of Glouces- ter, and asked \"have you ever seen a battle won?\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After this man's death, his wife Elizabeth Jarvis commissioned the architect of the Mark Twain House, Edward Potter, to erect an Episcopal church as a memorial. He hired sculptor Hiram Powers to create wax figures based on the Divine Comedy. After spending his youth apprenticed as a sailor on the India-bound ship Corvo, this man used those wax figures in a traveling road show, advertising himself as a doctor from Calcutta and doing tricks with laughing gas for crowds. His brother John wrote a textbook on double-entry bookkeeping and was convicted for murdering the printer Samuel Adams over a book debt, which led to a famous trial. This man built a town featuring a building with a giant blue onion dome with gold stars on it; that town has recently been approved to be a national park in Connecticut. His major invention had an early Dragoon model and was improved by Samuel Walker, a captain who used it while serving in the Texas Rangers. For 10 points, name this American inventor who founded the Patent Fire-Arms Manufacturing Company, which produced his .44-caliber revolver.", "answer": "Samuel Colt", "page": "Samuel_Colt", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719584", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102273, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 241], [242, 472], [473, 638], [639, 808], [809, 948], [949, 1088]], "first_sentence": "After this man's death, his wife Elizabeth Jarvis commissioned the architect of the Mark Twain House, Edward Potter, to erect an Episcopal church as a memorial.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This novel's narrator calls his penis \"Herr Rickler\" when he has sex with his wife, a museum curator who wants to open an antiques store. Its author once explained that this novel consists of \"twelve Philippics\" and that its structure was based on Arnold Schoenberg's twelve tone scale. At one point, this novel's narrator suggests founding an organization called \"The Party of the Disappointed People.\" Its protagonist recalls his teacher Magus \"Mad Meg\" Tabor in its section \"Life in a Chair\" and navigates the dissolution of his relationship with his wife Martha, who collects antique chests of drawers that he fills with dirt. This book is narrated by a Nazi apologist who is contemplating the introduction to his study Guilt and Innocence in Hitler's Germany, while creating the title structure in his basement. For 10 points, name this novel about Professor William Frederick Kohler, the masterpiece of William Gass.", "answer": "The Tunnel", "page": "Access_to_the_Region's_Core", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719585", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102274, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 286], [287, 402], [402, 403], [404, 630], [631, 816], [817, 922]], "first_sentence": "This novel's narrator calls his penis \"Herr Rickler\" when he has sex with his wife, a museum curator who wants to open an antiques store.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the first act of this opera, a character sings a C minor recitative that ends with the lyrics \"Ew'ge Vernichtung, nimm mich auf,\" which are echoed by ethereal voices in E major. In this opera's song \"Verzeiht! Mein Volk... \" a man asks to combine a feast with a betrothal. In its third act, the huntsman Erik sings \"Willst jenes Tag's du nicht\" to try to get a woman to come back to him. This opera's narrative was inspired by an incident in the novel The Memoirs of Herr von Schnabelewopski. Its notable musical numbers include \"Summ und brumm, du gutes Ra\u0308dchen,\" in which numerous maidens sing while spinning their spinning wheels, and \"Die Frist ist um,\" in which the title character notes seven years have passed. In its final act, Daland's daughter throws herself into the ocean after promising \"to be true until death\" to the title character. For 10 points, name this Romantic opera about Senta and a sailor doomed to eternally wander the seas, composed by Richard Wagner.", "answer": "The Flying Dutchman [or Der fliegende Holla\u0308nder]", "page": "The_Flying_Dutchman_(opera)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719586", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102275, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 212], [213, 225], [226, 275], [276, 390], [391, 495], [496, 721], [722, 852], [853, 982]], "first_sentence": "In the first act of this opera, a character sings a C minor recitative that ends with the lyrics \"Ew'ge Vernichtung, nimm mich auf,\" which are echoed by ethereal voices in E major.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A tradition claims that this ruler beat his rival in an archery contest and embarrassed him by whipping his horses into festival tents. This ruler exiled that rival of his to Kyushu after claiming he used black magic to attack the ex-emperor Kazan. In order to celebrate his daughter's accession to empress, he wrote a poem which declares \"like the full moon I shine uncovered by any cloud.\" This man's building of the Hojoji temple is described in the account of his reign, the Eigo Monogatari, or \"Tale of Flowering Fortunes.\" His rule is also the focus of the historical tale Okagami, or the Great Mirror. This man, who rose to the throne over his nephew Korechika, had his daughter, the Empress Shoshi, sent to live at Ichijo's harem. That daughter of this emperor was tutored by Murasaki Shikibu. For 10 points, name this man who ruled at the apex of the Heian era, the greatest ruler of the Fujiwara clan.", "answer": "Michinaga no Fujiwara", "page": "Fujiwara_no_Michinaga", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719587", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102276, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 248], [249, 390], [390, 528], [529, 608], [609, 738], [739, 801], [802, 911]], "first_sentence": "A tradition claims that this ruler beat his rival in an archery contest and embarrassed him by whipping his horses into festival tents.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In dimensions greater than two, solutions to this system cannot have isolated singularities or zeroes by Hartogs phenomenon. This system is the simplest example of an auto-Backlund transformation. Exponential integrals of functions that satisfy this system have paths of steepest descent stemming out from saddle points such that the phase remains constant. In fluid mechanics, The stream function and the velocity potential together combine to form a new potential that satisfies this system in potential flow. The fact that values of the derivative must be the same regardless of the direction of the limit gives rise to this system of equations. The real and imaginary parts of functions that satisfy these PDEs also satisfy Laplace's equation separately. For 10 points, name this system of equations which gives the conditions for a function to be complex differentiable and thus analytic.", "answer": "Cauchy-Riemann equations", "page": "Cauchy\u2013Riemann_equations", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719588", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102277, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 196], [197, 357], [358, 511], [512, 648], [649, 758], [759, 893]], "first_sentence": "In dimensions greater than two, solutions to this system cannot have isolated singularities or zeroes by Hartogs phenomenon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man's idleness was lamented in another author's Session of the Poets, which noted that this man had completed only two plays. In 2007, Tom Hardy starred in the National Theatre's revival of a play by this man that contains a subplot in which Emilia captures the affections of both Young and Old Bellair. Pepys's diary records that the crowd was so large that more than a thousand people were turned away from the 1668 debut of this man's second play, She Would if She Could. His third and final play, completed in 1676, concerns a libertine balancing the love interests Harriet, Bellinda, and Mrs. Loveit. This man's friend, John Wilmot, the Earl of Rochester, was the likely inspiration for the rakish protagonist, Dorimant, in this man's major play. This playwright pioneered the 17th-century \"comedy of manners\" with a dramatic work subtitled for the character of Sir Fopling Flutter. For 10 points, name this Restoration comedian who wrote The Man of Mode.", "answer": "Sir George Etherege", "page": "George_Etherege", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b9154095719589", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102278, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 308], [309, 479], [480, 610], [611, 756], [757, 892], [893, 965]], "first_sentence": "This man's idleness was lamented in another author's Session of the Poets, which noted that this man had completed only two plays.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A version of this procedure named for Tim Bartik multiplies ex-ante geographically disaggregated sectoral employment shares with aggregate sectoral employment changes to estimate labor demand shifts by geography over time. An attempt to use this technique failed because cities don't actually hire more police officers during election years. Since children born on different dates in the year are required to attend school for different lengths of time, another example of this technique used calendar date of birth to avoid selection bias in estimating the return to schooling. A prominent critique of this procedure is that it favors \"cute,\" counter-intuitive results over addressing important questions that must be answered rigorously. For 10 points, name this identification strategy that pins down causality by using an exogenous covariate of a regressor to estimate the relationship between it and the outcome of interest.", "answer": "instrumental variables [or IVs]", "page": "Instrumental_variables_estimation", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571958a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102279, "tokenizations": [[0, 222], [223, 341], [342, 578], [579, 739], [740, 929]], "first_sentence": "A version of this procedure named for Tim Bartik multiplies ex-ante geographically disaggregated sectoral employment shares with aggregate sectoral employment changes to estimate labor demand shifts by geography over time.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An extreme faction of this group, including men such as David Hackston and Donald Cargill, published a pamphlet called the Informatory Vindication. Their numbers included the teenager Margaret Wilson, who became one of the \"Wigtown Martyrs\" after she and an elderly woman also named Margaret were put to death by drowning. A faction of this movement known as the \"Society Men\" issued the Sanquhar Declaration, under the leadership of Richard Cameron and later James Renwick. Robert Woodrow coined the term for a period of suffering undergone by members of this group who refused to take the Oath of Abjuration, or were accused of participating in the rebellion at Bothwell Bridge. That period of their suffering is called the \"killing time.\" Another leader of this movement, Alexander Henderson, wrote a document which allied this group with Parliament during the English Civil War. For 10 points, name this group of Scottish Presbyterians who agreed to form a \"Solemn League\" in 1643, and were named for the pact in which they pledged to uphold their religion.", "answer": "Covenanters [prompt on \"Scottish Presbyterians\"]", "page": "Covenanter", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571958b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102280, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 322], [323, 474], [475, 680], [681, 741], [742, 882], [883, 1061]], "first_sentence": "An extreme faction of this group, including men such as David Hackston and Donald Cargill, published a pamphlet called the Informatory Vindication.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An artist with this surname made parchment books of leadpoint drawings that includes his version of the Flagellation, which takes place underneath a pair of loggia. That man's son painted the now lost frescoes in the Topkapi Harem and fled from Constantinople after his patron, Mehmed II, beheaded a slave to show him that his depiction of John the Baptist's severed head was not realistic. A different artist with this surname painted a sacra conversazione which features Job with a pink loincloth and St. Louis of Toulouse. That artist with this surname painted the San Giobbe Altarpiece and included some stone steps that function as a bridge over a river in his version of Agony in the Garden. Andrea Mantegna was the brother-in-law of that artist, who depicted a man with outstretched hands in front of a cave in St. Francis in Ecstasy. For 10 points, what is this surname shared by Gentile, the official portraitist of the doges of Venice, and his brother Giovanni, who never finished The Feast of the Gods?", "answer": "Bellini [or Jacopo Bellini; or Gentile Bellini; or Giovanni Bellini]", "page": "Giovanni_Bellini", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571958c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102281, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 390], [391, 525], [526, 697], [698, 841], [842, 1013]], "first_sentence": "An artist with this surname made parchment books of leadpoint drawings that includes his version of the Flagellation, which takes place underneath a pair of loggia.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Lithium iodide is used in the Celanese AO Plus process to drive down the rate of this reaction. In a different process, this side reaction is mitigated by the addition of a ruthenium tri-carbonyl tri-iodide promoter. The metallic copper catalyst for one step of this reaction is very vulnerable to sintering and poisoning from sulfur and halides\u0096these problems are partially mitigated by the addition of aluminum and zinc oxides. This is the main side reaction in both the Cativa and Monsanto processes. During one of the steps to this reaction, the hematite catalyst is reduced to magnetite while chromium oxide acts as a stabilizer. This reaction is usually performed in two reactors in series referred to as the \"high temperature\" and \"low temperature\" reactors. This reaction is typically performed after steam reforming of methane, where it converts the remaining syngas to hydrogen for use in methanol or ammonia synthesis. For 10 points, name this reaction which converts the namesake mixture of carbon monoxide and water to carbon dioxide and hydrogen.", "answer": "water-gas shift reaction [or WGS reaction]", "page": "Water-gas_shift_reaction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85470b915409571958d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102282, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 216], [217, 429], [430, 503], [504, 634], [635, 765], [766, 929], [930, 1060]], "first_sentence": "Lithium iodide is used in the Celanese AO Plus process to drive down the rate of this reaction.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "For a short time, this figure resided at the home of doctor William Willcocks Sleigh, who published an account of the six days she spent in Philadelphia. Originally, she was a mistress of William Hoyte, the head of the Benevolent Association, and traveled with him to New York, but abandoned him to be the companion of J.J. Slocum, whom she later joined in filing a lawsuit against both Hoyte and George Bourne. The American Protestant Vindicator first detailed this woman's story, which was published one year after Rebecca Reed released a similar tale. She spent \"five years as a novice and two years as a black nun\" at the Hotel Dieu Nunnery in Montreal, where she claimed to see a graveyard of dead babies. Her life was the basis for the most widely-read contemporary book in America prior to Uncle Tom's Cabin, due to thirst for anti-Catholic literature. For 10 points, name this nun, the subject of a sensational 1836 book about her \"Awful Disclosures.\"", "answer": "Maria Monk", "page": "Maria_Monk", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b915409571958e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102283, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 411], [412, 554], [555, 710], [711, 859], [860, 959]], "first_sentence": "For a short time, this figure resided at the home of doctor William Willcocks Sleigh, who published an account of the six days she spent in Philadelphia.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This enzyme is inhibited by the compounds KH7 and NKY80. The gene cyaA in Bordetella pertussis codes for a toxin which is cleaved into hemolysin and a calmodulin-dependent form of this enzyme. The only soluble isoform of this enzyme is regulated by bicarbonate and is highly expressed in sperm cells. This enzyme can be inhibited by P-site inhibitors and activated by forskolin. The mammalian form of this enzyme consists of two transmembrane domains called M1 and M2 and two catalytic domains called C1 and C2 which are activated by a G-s-alpha subunit of a stimulatory G protein. The compound produced by this enzyme is used to activate catabolite activator protein in the lac operon; that compound was discovered by Earl Sutherland and also activates protein kinase A. For 10 points, name this enzyme important in signal transduction which produces a pyrophosphate as it converts ATP to cyclic AMP.", "answer": "adenylyl cyclase [or adenylate cyclase; or AC]", "page": "Adenylyl_cyclase", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b915409571958f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102284, "tokenizations": [[0, 192], [193, 300], [301, 378], [379, 581], [582, 771], [772, 901]], "first_sentence": "This enzyme is inhibited by the compounds KH7 and NKY80. The gene cyaA in Bordetella pertussis codes for a toxin which is cleaved into hemolysin and a calmodulin-dependent form of this enzyme.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The protagonist of this novel believes that for someone in his profession approaching age 50, \"there are only two alternatives: gutter or palace\". A character in this novel who was attacked by the protagonist after calling him a \"defeatist\" later caused the death of a young boy by making him carry a loaded bazooka. Another character in this novel sent her daughter Henrietta to her death on anti-aircraft patrol and now runs a committee for the \"reconciliation of racial differences\", despite her earlier inveighing against \"Jewish Yankees\". Hypocrites like Prelate Sommerfeld and Herbert Kalick are condemned in this novel, which ends with the protagonist playing the song \"Poor Pope John\" on the steps of a train station. Its protagonist hangs out in Bonn making a lot of telephone calls to his Catholic family and moping about his lost love Marie, who has abandoned him for Zu\u0308pfner. Hans Schnier is the title entertainer of, for 10 points, which novel by Heinrich Bo\u0308ll?", "answer": "The Clown [or Ansichten eines Clowns; or The Opinions of a Clown]", "page": "The_Clown_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b9154095719590", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102285, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 316], [317, 543], [544, 725], [726, 888], [889, 976]], "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel believes that for someone in his profession approaching age 50, \"there are only two alternatives: gutter or palace\".", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the midst of this incident, Michael Ryan presented a set of resolutions to Charles Vernou, demanding a response to the rape of two women. William Calhoun tried to prevent this incident by delivering a letter to the governor requesting reinforcements, but he was captured on the water by Paul Hooe and James Hadnot, who was later killed by friendly fire in this incident. This conflict began when Daniel Shaw and Robert Register took oaths of office as sheriff and judge. That led the opposing sheriff Christopher Columbus Nash to march on the local courthouse on Easter Sunday, prompting Governor William Kellogg to call in the militia. Several men arrested as a result of this incident were released because United States v. Cruikshank found that the Enforcement Act was unconstitutional. Perpetrated by groups like the Knights of the White Camellia, For 10 points, name this 1873 massacre of black freedmen at a small town in Louisiana, which had been named for the first vice president under Ulysses Grant.", "answer": "Colfax massacre or riot [or the Battle of Colfax Courthouse; or obvious equivalents]", "page": "Colfax_massacre", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b9154095719591", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102286, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 373], [374, 473], [474, 639], [640, 792], [793, 1012]], "first_sentence": "In the midst of this incident, Michael Ryan presented a set of resolutions to Charles Vernou, demanding a response to the rape of two women.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Arthur Nikisch premiered the second movement of this musical work as Blumenstu\u0308ck. Its penultimate movement, in F major, is marked \"cheerful in tempo and cheeky in expression\", and its final movement ends with thundering kettledrums to be played gesa\u0308ttigt, or \"with rich, noble tone\". This symphony's first movement features a solo tenor trombone theme that is followed by a rhythm played by offstage snare drums and a recurrence of its opening passage, in which a group of horns play a theme adapted from the finale of Brahms's First Symphony. An offstage flugelhorn interrupts the reprise of the scherzo in the third movement of this symphony. Its fourth movement includes an alto soloist singing \"O man! Take heed!\", a quote from Friedrich Nietzsche's \"Midnight Song\". \"What the Flowers Tell Me\", \"What the Angels Tell Me\", and a 30-minute depiction of the \"awakening of Pan\" are among the six movements of this symphony. For 10 points, name this longest symphony of Gustav Mahler.", "answer": "Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 3 [or obvious equivalents, such as Mahler's Third Symphony; prompt on partial answer until \"Mahler\" is read, after which 3 or Third or equivalents is acceptable alone]", "page": "Third_(play)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b9154095719592", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102287, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 285], [286, 545], [546, 646], [647, 707], [708, 719], [719, 772], [773, 925], [926, 985]], "first_sentence": "Arthur Nikisch premiered the second movement of this musical work as Blumenstu\u0308ck.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Andre de la Vigne wrote four poems in imitation of this book after reading the translation of it by Octavien de Saint-Gelais. In one part of this book, the speaker attributes his beauty and wit to his mother's vision of giving birth to a \"great flaming torch.\" In another portion, a youth in this work inscribes the phrase \"I swear by Artemis that I will marry\" on an apple and tosses it by Cydippe's feet. One of this collection's speakers reminds the boatsman Phaon about the kisses that he once praised. The twelfth entry in this volume is addressed to a warrior who is warned by his wife not to be the first to disembark from his ship. Entries in this collection include one in which Laodamia addresses Protesilaus, and the first one, in which Penelope addresses the long absent Ulysses. For 10 points, name this collection of verse epistles written mostly from the perspective of troubled mythological women, a work of Ovid.", "answer": "the Heroides [or The Heroines; or The Letters of Heroines; or Epsitulae Herodium]", "page": "Heroides", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b9154095719593", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102288, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 260], [261, 406], [407, 506], [507, 639], [640, 791], [792, 929]], "first_sentence": "Andre de la Vigne wrote four poems in imitation of this book after reading the translation of it by Octavien de Saint-Gelais.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Tunable examples of a type of these devices include the Berek compensator and the Soleil-Babinet compensator. Spatial hole burning in continuous wave lasers can be avoided by placing two of these devices on either side of the gain medium, a process called a \"twisted-mode technique.\" An alternative to one type of these devices is the Fresnel rhomb. The amount of retardation is a multiple of two pi larger in a \"multiple-order\" one of these devices than in a \"zero-order\" one of these devices. In one type of these devices, the waves propagating parallel to the \"fast axis\" acquire a phase shift of pi over 2 with respect to waves propagating parallel to the \"slow axis,\" because the index of refraction is split into \"ordinary\" and \"extraordinary\" components. A birefringent crystal which converts linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light is an example of, for 10 points, what type of optical device which comes in \"half\" and \"quarter\" types?", "answer": "waveplates [or quarter-wave plates; or half-wave plates; or phase retarders or retardation plates until \"retardation\" is read; prompt on \"polarizers\" until \"polarized\" is read; prompt on \"birefringent crystals\" until it is read]", "page": "Waveplate", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b9154095719594", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102289, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 282], [282, 283], [284, 349], [350, 494], [495, 761], [762, 958]], "first_sentence": "Tunable examples of a type of these devices include the Berek compensator and the Soleil-Babinet compensator.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A love goddess descends from heaven and tries to charm this figure, but an oceanic wave tells her that her attempts are in vain because this figure is both deaf and blind. This being was created to accomplish a goal that the dragon Hedamu failed to complete. A god is brought to tears after seeing this figure from the top of Mount Hazzi. Astabi leads seventy gods against this threat, but they are unable to stop this figure since it had grown into the realm of the heavenly gods from the underworld, where it perched on Upelluri. This menace was finally stopped when a copper saw was used to cut off its legs by the god Ea. Kumarbi created this creature by impregnating a cliff face as part of his plan to overthrow Teshub. For 10 points, name this genderless giant made out of green quartz, who titles one of the best preserved narratives of Hurrian mythology.", "answer": "Ullikummi", "page": "Ullikummi", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b9154095719595", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102290, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 258], [259, 338], [339, 531], [532, 625], [626, 725], [726, 863]], "first_sentence": "A love goddess descends from heaven and tries to charm this figure, but an oceanic wave tells her that her attempts are in vain because this figure is both deaf and blind.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "While living in this city, John Bellingham was imprisoned after Lloyd's of London accused him of sabotage, an incident that later caused Bellingham to assassinate Spencer Perceval. A military campaign known by the name of this city was led partly by George Evans Stewart, who was saved by the cruiser USS Des Moines, after his army fought at the Battle of Toulgas, and on the Pinega Front. That campaign aimed at this city was commanded overall by General Edmund \"Tiny\" Ironside. A settlement on the Peril Strait at the modern town of Sitka became known as the \"New\" version of this city in 1804 after it was built following a battle on the Indian River with Tlingit tribes. This city, the target of the Polar Bear Expedition during World War One, was the capital of the American colonies held by the Russian-American Company. During Operation Barbarossa, the \"A-A Line\" was named because it went from Astrakhan to this port city, which is located on Dvina Bay. For 10 points, name this major port on the White Sea, the namesake of a Russian Oblast across from Murmansk.", "answer": "Archangel [or Arkhangelsk]", "page": "Archangel", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b9154095719596", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102291, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 389], [390, 479], [480, 674], [675, 826], [827, 961], [962, 1070]], "first_sentence": "While living in this city, John Bellingham was imprisoned after Lloyd's of London accused him of sabotage, an incident that later caused Bellingham to assassinate Spencer Perceval.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This function names a plasma instability which has a \"slab\" type caused by the coupling between ion acoustic waves and drift waves. This function also names a component of the drift velocity for a charged particle in an inhomogenous magnetic field. The fluid velocity dotted with this function of the fluid velocity gives the convective acceleration. Performing a gauge transformation of the vector potential is done by adding this function of the gauge function to the vector potential. Under certain conditions, a function F can be expressed as the sum of this function applied to some scalar, V, plus this function crossed with some vector, A, according to Helmholtz's theorem. Applying this operation to the velocity potential gives the fluid velocity, and minus this operation applied to the electric potential gives the electric field. For 10 points, name this operation from vector calculus which generalizes the derivative to multiple dimensions, and is symbolized del.", "answer": "gradient [or slab ion temperature gradient instability; or grad-B drift; or del until it is read]", "page": "Gradient", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b9154095719598", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102293, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 248], [249, 350], [351, 487], [488, 680], [681, 841], [842, 977]], "first_sentence": "This function names a plasma instability which has a \"slab\" type caused by the coupling between ion acoustic waves and drift waves.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The terpene ascaridole unusually possesses this functional group in a bridging position, while three bridges containing this functional group link two tertiary amines in HMTD. The smallest compound with this functional group is produced in the anthraquinone process. A Hock rearrangement of this functional group attached to cumene is used to produce phenol and acetone in the cumene process. These compounds are used to oxidize sulfides to sulfoxides or sulfones, and they are produced in autoxidation reactions. Oxidation of ketones to esters via the Baeyer-Villiger reaction and non-stereospecific epoxidation of alkenes are typically catalyzed with a compound containing a hybrid of this functional group and a carboxylic acid. mCPBA contains this functional group, which is characterized by an oxygen-oxygen single bond. For 10 points, name this functional group found in the common disinfectant H2O2.", "answer": "peroxides [or hydroperoxides; or peroxyacids; or peroxycarboxylic acids; or hydrogen peroxide]", "page": "Peroxide", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b9154095719599", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102294, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 266], [267, 392], [393, 513], [514, 731], [732, 825], [826, 906]], "first_sentence": "The terpene ascaridole unusually possesses this functional group in a bridging position, while three bridges containing this functional group link two tertiary amines in HMTD.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The terpene ascaridole unusually possesses this functional group in a bridging position, while three bridges containing this functional group link two tertiary amines in HMTD. The smallest compound with this functional group is produced in the anthraquinone process. A Hock rearrangement of this functional group attached to cumene is used to produce phenol and acetone in the cumene process. These compounds are used to oxidize sulfides to sulfoxides or sulfones, and they are produced in autoxidation reactions. Oxidation of ketones to esters via the Baeyer-Villiger reaction and non-stereospecific epoxidation of alkenes are typically catalyzed with a compound containing a hybrid of this functional group and a carboxylic acid. mCPBA contains this functional group, which is characterized by an oxygen-oxygen single bond. For 10 points, name this functional group found in the common disinfectant H2O2.", "answer": "peroxides [or hydroperoxides; or peroxyacids; or peroxycarboxylic acids; or hydrogen peroxide]", "page": "Peroxide", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b915409571959a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102295, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 266], [267, 392], [393, 513], [514, 731], [732, 825], [826, 906]], "first_sentence": "The terpene ascaridole unusually possesses this functional group in a bridging position, while three bridges containing this functional group link two tertiary amines in HMTD.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A predecessor to this empire was ruled by the chieftain Heraios, who minted notable coins showing his deliberately deformed head. This state did not rule Sri Lanka, but it did convene a Fourth Buddhist Council that produced the Maha-vibhasha in Kashmir. This empire administered regional power at Mathura and Bagram, and its founder used coinage to link himself to Hermaeus. The Rabatak Inscription describes the greatest king of this polity, a grandson of Kujula Kadphises who built a great stupa in his capital at Peshawar to champion Buddhism. This branch of the Yuezhi was ruled by Kanishka the Great, but after Kidara's revolt, this empire was dissected by the Hephthalites, Guptas, and Sassanids. For 10 points, name this empire in power from the 1st to the 4th century CE, based around the Amu Darya in modern-day Afghanistan.", "answer": "Kushan Empire [or Kushana]", "page": "Kushan_Empire", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b915409571959b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102296, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 253], [254, 374], [375, 546], [547, 702], [703, 833]], "first_sentence": "A predecessor to this empire was ruled by the chieftain Heraios, who minted notable coins showing his deliberately deformed head.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A predecessor to this empire was ruled by the chieftain Heraios, who minted notable coins showing his deliberately deformed head. This state did not rule Sri Lanka, but it did convene a Fourth Buddhist Council that produced the Maha-vibhasha in Kashmir. This empire administered regional power at Mathura and Bagram, and its founder used coinage to link himself to Hermaeus. The Rabatak Inscription describes the greatest king of this polity, a grandson of Kujula Kadphises who built a great stupa in his capital at Peshawar to champion Buddhism. This branch of the Yuezhi was ruled by Kanishka the Great, but after Kidara's revolt, this empire was dissected by the Hephthalites, Guptas, and Sassanids. For 10 points, name this empire in power from the 1st to the 4th century CE, based around the Amu Darya in modern-day Afghanistan.", "answer": "Kushan Empire [or Kushana]", "page": "Kushan_Empire", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b915409571959c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102297, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 253], [254, 374], [375, 546], [547, 702], [703, 833]], "first_sentence": "A predecessor to this empire was ruled by the chieftain Heraios, who minted notable coins showing his deliberately deformed head.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one letter, this essayist noted that he had little musical training, besides having heard a bit of Beethoven and Weber, but nonetheless glowingly reviewed the title composer's work. This writer attacked the \"empty words... we often hear fall\" when people dismissed decadent literature in some \"New Notes\" on a certain author. Another of this writer's essays opens by mocking tourists who walk quickly to the Louvre and \"come to a rapturous halt\" before a \"Titian or a Raphael\", and praises the work of \"Monsieur G,\" a Crimean War correspondent named Constantin Guys. This author of \"Richard Wagner and Tannhauser in Paris\" produced early French translations of Poe and wrote an essay called \"The Painter of Modern Life\" that includes a description of a \"passionate spectator\" for whom \"the crowd is his element\", the fla\u0302neur. For 10 points, name this French author who included the section Spleen and Ideal in his poetry collection Les Fleurs du mal.", "answer": "Charles Baudelaire [or Charles Pierre Baudelaire]", "page": "Charles_Baudelaire", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b915409571959d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102298, "tokenizations": [[0, 184], [185, 328], [329, 569], [570, 829], [830, 954]], "first_sentence": "In one letter, this essayist noted that he had little musical training, besides having heard a bit of Beethoven and Weber, but nonetheless glowingly reviewed the title composer's work.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one letter, this essayist noted that he had little musical training, besides having heard a bit of Beethoven and Weber, but nonetheless glowingly reviewed the title composer's work. This writer attacked the \"empty words... we often hear fall\" when people dismissed decadent literature in some \"New Notes\" on a certain author. Another of this writer's essays opens by mocking tourists who walk quickly to the Louvre and \"come to a rapturous halt\" before a \"Titian or a Raphael\", and praises the work of \"Monsieur G,\" a Crimean War correspondent named Constantin Guys. This author of \"Richard Wagner and Tannhauser in Paris\" produced early French translations of Poe and wrote an essay called \"The Painter of Modern Life\" that includes a description of a \"passionate spectator\" for whom \"the crowd is his element\", the fla\u0302neur. For 10 points, name this French author who included the section Spleen and Ideal in his poetry collection Les Fleurs du mal.", "answer": "Charles Baudelaire [or Charles Pierre Baudelaire]", "page": "Charles_Baudelaire", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b915409571959e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102299, "tokenizations": [[0, 184], [185, 328], [329, 569], [570, 829], [830, 954]], "first_sentence": "In one letter, this essayist noted that he had little musical training, besides having heard a bit of Beethoven and Weber, but nonetheless glowingly reviewed the title composer's work.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A composer from this century names a cadence in which the leading tone goes down to the submediant before resolving up to the tonic. Francesco Landini did all of his composing in this century, in which Marchetto of Padua invented a form of mensural notation that is an Italian alternative to the previous century's invention of Franconian notation. Writing a note in red reduces its rhythmic value by a third in a style from this century, whose practitioners include Johannes Ciconia and a man who wrote a chanson shaped liked a heart, Baude Cordier. The Ars subtilior movement arose in this century, as did a movement that produced vocal works composed of a melodic scheme called the \"color\" and a rhythmic scheme called the \"talea\", and had a name coined by Johannes de Muris. For 10 points, name this century during which isorhythmic motets were written by Ars nova composers such as Philippe de Vitry, whose music was admired by his contemporary, Petrarch.", "answer": "1300s AD [or 14th century AD; or Trecento]", "page": "1300", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b915409571959f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102300, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 348], [349, 550], [551, 778], [779, 960]], "first_sentence": "A composer from this century names a cadence in which the leading tone goes down to the submediant before resolving up to the tonic.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A composer from this century names a cadence in which the leading tone goes down to the submediant before resolving up to the tonic. Francesco Landini did all of his composing in this century, in which Marchetto of Padua invented a form of mensural notation that is an Italian alternative to the previous century's invention of Franconian notation. Writing a note in red reduces its rhythmic value by a third in a style from this century, whose practitioners include Johannes Ciconia and a man who wrote a chanson shaped liked a heart, Baude Cordier. The Ars subtilior movement arose in this century, as did a movement that produced vocal works composed of a melodic scheme called the \"color\" and a rhythmic scheme called the \"talea\", and had a name coined by Johannes de Muris. For 10 points, name this century during which isorhythmic motets were written by Ars nova composers such as Philippe de Vitry, whose music was admired by his contemporary, Petrarch.", "answer": "1300s AD [or 14th century AD; or Trecento]", "page": "1300", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195a0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102301, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 348], [349, 550], [551, 778], [779, 960]], "first_sentence": "A composer from this century names a cadence in which the leading tone goes down to the submediant before resolving up to the tonic.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In Cao Dai, the first of the three jewels, tinh, which represents matter and the body, is accompanied by the offering of one of these things. Eighteen of these items are carved on the Jewel Promenade platform at Mahabodhi Temple Complex where the Buddha walked. A text named for one of these items is divided into \"theoretical teachings,\" consisting of the first fourteen chapters\u0096including one on the \"Expedient Means\"\u0096and the \"essential teachings,\" which include the \"Life Span\" chapter. In ancient Rome, hanging these items upside down over a table meant that discussions were private. After a vision at the Hill of Tepeyac, a Mexican peasant had a bunch of these items fall out of his tilma when he visited the Archbishop, after which an image of the Virgin of Guadalupe appeared on his cloak. For 10 points, name these plants that include the lotus, lily-of-the-valley, and rose.", "answer": "flowers [or lotus, rose, or rosa until they are read; prompt on \"plants\"]", "page": "Flower", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195a1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102302, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 261], [262, 489], [490, 588], [589, 797], [798, 884]], "first_sentence": "In Cao Dai, the first of the three jewels, tinh, which represents matter and the body, is accompanied by the offering of one of these things.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In Cao Dai, the first of the three jewels, tinh, which represents matter and the body, is accompanied by the offering of one of these things. Eighteen of these items are carved on the Jewel Promenade platform at Mahabodhi Temple Complex where the Buddha walked. A text named for one of these items is divided into \"theoretical teachings,\" consisting of the first fourteen chapters\u0096including one on the \"Expedient Means\"\u0096and the \"essential teachings,\" which include the \"Life Span\" chapter. In ancient Rome, hanging these items upside down over a table meant that discussions were private. After a vision at the Hill of Tepeyac, a Mexican peasant had a bunch of these items fall out of his tilma when he visited the Archbishop, after which an image of the Virgin of Guadalupe appeared on his cloak. For 10 points, name these plants that include the lotus, lily-of-the-valley, and rose.", "answer": "flowers [or lotus, rose, or rosa until they are read; prompt on \"plants\"]", "page": "Flower", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195a2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102303, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 261], [262, 489], [490, 588], [589, 797], [798, 884]], "first_sentence": "In Cao Dai, the first of the three jewels, tinh, which represents matter and the body, is accompanied by the offering of one of these things.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Software packages such as CDSSTR, SELCON, and CONTIN can be used to analyze spectra produced by this technique. The Chirascan is a brand of spectrometer used for this technique. Spectrometers for this technique can be calibrated using pantolactone or 10-camphorsulfonic acid as standards. Calculation of data using this technique often involves multiplying delta- epsilon by 3298 to get theta. This technique produces prominent peaks in the far-UV range at 190, 208, and 222 nanometers. Measurements in this technique are often reported in terms of ellipticity. This technique works by measuring a molecule's difference in absorption between left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light. For 10 points, name this technique commonly used to analyze the secondary structures of proteins.", "answer": "circular dichroism [or CD]", "page": "Circular_dichroism", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195a3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102304, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 177], [178, 288], [289, 393], [394, 486], [487, 561], [562, 698], [699, 796]], "first_sentence": "Software packages such as CDSSTR, SELCON, and CONTIN can be used to analyze spectra produced by this technique.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Software packages such as CDSSTR, SELCON, and CONTIN can be used to analyze spectra produced by this technique. The Chirascan is a brand of spectrometer used for this technique. Spectrometers for this technique can be calibrated using pantolactone or 10-camphorsulfonic acid as standards. Calculation of data using this technique often involves multiplying delta- epsilon by 3298 to get theta. This technique produces prominent peaks in the far-UV range at 190, 208, and 222 nanometers. Measurements in this technique are often reported in terms of ellipticity. This technique works by measuring a molecule's difference in absorption between left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light. For 10 points, name this technique commonly used to analyze the secondary structures of proteins.", "answer": "circular dichroism [or CD]", "page": "Circular_dichroism", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195a4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102305, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 177], [178, 288], [289, 393], [394, 486], [487, 561], [562, 698], [699, 796]], "first_sentence": "Software packages such as CDSSTR, SELCON, and CONTIN can be used to analyze spectra produced by this technique.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Traditional love poems in this language were categorized according to five \"landscapes\", each named for a particular flower. In one work in this language, the protagonist pretends to circle around her murderous husband three times to worship him, but then shoves him off a hill to his death. In another work in this language, a woman cuts off one of her breasts to cast a curse that burns to the ground the city that put her husband to death on false charges. The oldest collection of religious poems in this language gave rise to a namesake meter called Paripaatal, and many works in this language are written in akaval meter. A poem about a woman who marries the thief Kaalan and a poem about the anklet of Kannagi are two of this language's Five Great Epics. For 10 points, the Kundalakesi and Cilappatikaram were written in what Dravidian language spoken in South India and Sri Lanka?", "answer": "Tamil [or Tamizh]", "page": "Tamil_language", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195a5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102306, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 291], [292, 459], [460, 627], [628, 761], [762, 888]], "first_sentence": "Traditional love poems in this language were categorized according to five \"landscapes\", each named for a particular flower.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Traditional love poems in this language were categorized according to five \"landscapes\", each named for a particular flower. In one work in this language, the protagonist pretends to circle around her murderous husband three times to worship him, but then shoves him off a hill to his death. In another work in this language, a woman cuts off one of her breasts to cast a curse that burns to the ground the city that put her husband to death on false charges. The oldest collection of religious poems in this language gave rise to a namesake meter called Paripaatal, and many works in this language are written in akaval meter. A poem about a woman who marries the thief Kaalan and a poem about the anklet of Kannagi are two of this language's Five Great Epics. For 10 points, the Kundalakesi and Cilappatikaram were written in what Dravidian language spoken in South India and Sri Lanka?", "answer": "Tamil [or Tamizh]", "page": "Tamil_language", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195a6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102307, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 291], [292, 459], [460, 627], [628, 761], [762, 888]], "first_sentence": "Traditional love poems in this language were categorized according to five \"landscapes\", each named for a particular flower.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This artwork was removed from its original location to make way for a set of sculptures by Francesco di Giorgio, leading Giorgio Vasari unable to ascertain its location. Its largest section unusually features the child martyr Crescentius in a red robe kneeling to the Virgin. A pure black-bodied Satan tempts Jesus Christ, who towers over several massive cities in a fragment of this masterpiece that is now housed at the Frick. A portion of this artwork in which Isaiah and Ezekiel flank a Nativity scene featuring sixteen angels can be found in the U.S. National Gallery. Scenes from the childhood of Christ comprise the front predella of this artwork, while the story of the Passion of Christ is told on numerous panels of its back. This painting and the Rucellai Madonna are the only two works of their artist that can be dated. For 10 points, name this high altarpiece of the Siena Cathedral, a 1308 masterpiece of Duccio.", "answer": "Maesta of Duccio", "page": "Maest\u00e0_(Duccio)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195a7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102308, "tokenizations": [[0, 169], [170, 275], [276, 428], [429, 573], [574, 735], [736, 832], [833, 927]], "first_sentence": "This artwork was removed from its original location to make way for a set of sculptures by Francesco di Giorgio, leading Giorgio Vasari unable to ascertain its location.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artwork was removed from its original location to make way for a set of sculptures by Francesco di Giorgio, leading Giorgio Vasari unable to ascertain its location. Its largest section unusually features the child martyr Crescentius in a red robe kneeling to the Virgin. A pure black-bodied Satan tempts Jesus Christ, who towers over several massive cities in a fragment of this masterpiece that is now housed at the Frick. A portion of this artwork in which Isaiah and Ezekiel flank a Nativity scene featuring sixteen angels can be found in the U.S. National Gallery. Scenes from the childhood of Christ comprise the front predella of this artwork, while the story of the Passion of Christ is told on numerous panels of its back. This painting and the Rucellai Madonna are the only two works of their artist that can be dated. For 10 points, name this high altarpiece of the Siena Cathedral, a 1308 masterpiece of Duccio.", "answer": "Maesta of Duccio", "page": "Maest\u00e0_(Duccio)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195a8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102309, "tokenizations": [[0, 169], [170, 275], [276, 428], [429, 573], [574, 735], [736, 832], [833, 927]], "first_sentence": "This artwork was removed from its original location to make way for a set of sculptures by Francesco di Giorgio, leading Giorgio Vasari unable to ascertain its location.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A politician resigned this office upon charges that he accepted bribes from Colorado banker Jerome Chaffee, and then became president of Mount Vernon Bank in Ohio. The first holder of this position in Grover Cleveland's cabinet was the subject of a Profile in Courage for eulogizing Charles Sumner in the Senate. Those two men are Lucius Lamar and Columbus Delano, the latter of whom was replaced by Zachariah Chandler. Its first holder was called the \"Butcher\" because he fired bureaucrats to form this office. In addition to Thomas Ewing, another holder sued San Francisco for violating the Raker Act, appointed John Collier to head a division of the CCC, and was Harold Ickes. Two holders of this office that were scandalized by the Alaska Syndicate and Pan American Petroleum were, respectively, Richard Ballinger and Albert Fall. For 10 points, name this cabinet level position that is responsible for the National Park Service.", "answer": "Secretary of the Interior [prompt on \"Interior\"]", "page": "United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195a9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102310, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 312], [313, 419], [420, 511], [512, 679], [680, 834], [835, 933]], "first_sentence": "A politician resigned this office upon charges that he accepted bribes from Colorado banker Jerome Chaffee, and then became president of Mount Vernon Bank in Ohio.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A politician resigned this office upon charges that he accepted bribes from Colorado banker Jerome Chaffee, and then became president of Mount Vernon Bank in Ohio. The first holder of this position in Grover Cleveland's cabinet was the subject of a Profile in Courage for eulogizing Charles Sumner in the Senate. Those two men are Lucius Lamar and Columbus Delano, the latter of whom was replaced by Zachariah Chandler. Its first holder was called the \"Butcher\" because he fired bureaucrats to form this office. In addition to Thomas Ewing, another holder sued San Francisco for violating the Raker Act, appointed John Collier to head a division of the CCC, and was Harold Ickes. Two holders of this office that were scandalized by the Alaska Syndicate and Pan American Petroleum were, respectively, Richard Ballinger and Albert Fall. For 10 points, name this cabinet level position that is responsible for the National Park Service.", "answer": "Secretary of the Interior [prompt on \"Interior\"]", "page": "United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195aa", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102311, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 312], [313, 419], [420, 511], [512, 679], [680, 834], [835, 933]], "first_sentence": "A politician resigned this office upon charges that he accepted bribes from Colorado banker Jerome Chaffee, and then became president of Mount Vernon Bank in Ohio.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this Platonic dialogue, our good friend Socrates compares his surroundings, which are a \"fair-resting place\" featuring a chorus of cicadas, to a spot sacred to Achelous. Later, Socrates compares his words to the epitaph of Midas's tomb, whose lines can be read in any order because they do not succeed each other logically. A word that can mean \"potion\", \"remedy\", or \"poison\" is the starting point for Jacques Derrida's reading of this dialogue, titled \"Plato's Pharmacy.\" In this dialogue, Socrates uses the image of a charioteer attempting to drive two winged horses of different qualities of stock to represent the soul, which is said to re-grow wings in response to an emotion that was also treated in The Symposium. For 10 points, name this Platonic dialogue in which Socrates discusses the art of rhetoric after reading a discourse by Lysias that suggests that those who are not in love make better sexual partners.", "answer": "Phaedrus", "page": "Phaedrus_(dialogue)", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195ab", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102312, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 326], [327, 476], [477, 724], [725, 925]], "first_sentence": "In this Platonic dialogue, our good friend Socrates compares his surroundings, which are a \"fair-resting place\" featuring a chorus of cicadas, to a spot sacred to Achelous.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this Platonic dialogue, our good friend Socrates compares his surroundings, which are a \"fair-resting place\" featuring a chorus of cicadas, to a spot sacred to Achelous. Later, Socrates compares his words to the epitaph of Midas's tomb, whose lines can be read in any order because they do not succeed each other logically. A word that can mean \"potion\", \"remedy\", or \"poison\" is the starting point for Jacques Derrida's reading of this dialogue, titled \"Plato's Pharmacy.\" In this dialogue, Socrates uses the image of a charioteer attempting to drive two winged horses of different qualities of stock to represent the soul, which is said to re-grow wings in response to an emotion that was also treated in The Symposium. For 10 points, name this Platonic dialogue in which Socrates discusses the art of rhetoric after reading a discourse by Lysias that suggests that those who are not in love make better sexual partners.", "answer": "Phaedrus", "page": "Phaedrus_(dialogue)", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195ac", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102313, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 326], [327, 476], [477, 724], [725, 925]], "first_sentence": "In this Platonic dialogue, our good friend Socrates compares his surroundings, which are a \"fair-resting place\" featuring a chorus of cicadas, to a spot sacred to Achelous.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This ruler came to power in a coup financed by the ambassador La Chetardie and orchestrated by a man who served as physician to this ruler's mother, Count Lestocq. That coup marked the downfall of Heinrich Ostermann and Burkhard von Munich, the leaders of the \"German Faction.\" This ruler removed the tongue of Natalia Lopukhina, as part of a longtime grudge against the Mons family, after a failed intrigue aimed at toppling chancellor Alexey Bestuzhev. This ruler's army achieved victory at Kunersdorf but then withdrew after this ruler died, in a sequence dubbed the \"Miracle of the House of Brandenburg.\" This ruler, served by the Shuvalov family, deposed Ivan VI after returning from exile at a nunnery, where she was sent by her father's niece Anna. For 10 points, name this ruler, raised in a log cabin by her parents, Catherine I and Peter the Great, who was Empress of Russia from 1741 to 1762.", "answer": "Elizabeth of Russia [or Elizaveta Petrovna; or Yelisavet]", "page": "Elizabeth_of_Russia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195ad", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102314, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 276], [276, 454], [455, 607], [607, 755], [756, 903]], "first_sentence": "This ruler came to power in a coup financed by the ambassador La Chetardie and orchestrated by a man who served as physician to this ruler's mother, Count Lestocq.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This ruler came to power in a coup financed by the ambassador La Chetardie and orchestrated by a man who served as physician to this ruler's mother, Count Lestocq. That coup marked the downfall of Heinrich Ostermann and Burkhard von Munich, the leaders of the \"German Faction.\" This ruler removed the tongue of Natalia Lopukhina, as part of a longtime grudge against the Mons family, after a failed intrigue aimed at toppling chancellor Alexey Bestuzhev. This ruler's army achieved victory at Kunersdorf but then withdrew after this ruler died, in a sequence dubbed the \"Miracle of the House of Brandenburg.\" This ruler, served by the Shuvalov family, deposed Ivan VI after returning from exile at a nunnery, where she was sent by her father's niece Anna. For 10 points, name this ruler, raised in a log cabin by her parents, Catherine I and Peter the Great, who was Empress of Russia from 1741 to 1762.", "answer": "Elizabeth of Russia [or Elizaveta Petrovna; or Yelisavet]", "page": "Elizabeth_of_Russia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195ae", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102315, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 276], [276, 454], [455, 607], [607, 755], [756, 903]], "first_sentence": "This ruler came to power in a coup financed by the ambassador La Chetardie and orchestrated by a man who served as physician to this ruler's mother, Count Lestocq.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An unusual six-sided version of this phenomenon can be found at Saturn's North Pole. Chevron patterns on Jupiter within these things indicate the presence of gravity inertia waves. This phenomenon oscillates from a northern to a southern position depending on the modes of the PMA. Undulations within these phenomenon are called Rossby waves, and the southern branch of one of these entities is responsible for \"pineapple express\" events. During a cold winter, the nocturnal types of these phenomena can form, which partly are responsible for ozone depletion in Antarctica. These phenomena are usually found in the troposphere and generally move from east to west; two examples of them are the polar \"ones\" within the upper air westerlies, and the subtropical, or mid-latitude ones. For 10 points, name these movements of wind that are found in the upper atmosphere.", "answer": "jet streams [prompt on partial answers; prompt on \"vortex\" or \"cloud pattern\" until \"inertia\" is read]", "page": "Jet_stream", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195af", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102316, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 180], [181, 281], [282, 438], [439, 573], [574, 782], [783, 866]], "first_sentence": "An unusual six-sided version of this phenomenon can be found at Saturn's North Pole.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An unusual six-sided version of this phenomenon can be found at Saturn's North Pole. Chevron patterns on Jupiter within these things indicate the presence of gravity inertia waves. This phenomenon oscillates from a northern to a southern position depending on the modes of the PMA. Undulations within these phenomenon are called Rossby waves, and the southern branch of one of these entities is responsible for \"pineapple express\" events. During a cold winter, the nocturnal types of these phenomena can form, which partly are responsible for ozone depletion in Antarctica. These phenomena are usually found in the troposphere and generally move from east to west; two examples of them are the polar \"ones\" within the upper air westerlies, and the subtropical, or mid-latitude ones. For 10 points, name these movements of wind that are found in the upper atmosphere.", "answer": "jet streams [prompt on partial answers; prompt on \"vortex\" or \"cloud pattern\" until \"inertia\" is read]", "page": "Jet_stream", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195b0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102317, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 180], [181, 281], [282, 438], [439, 573], [574, 782], [783, 866]], "first_sentence": "An unusual six-sided version of this phenomenon can be found at Saturn's North Pole.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character repeats the phrase \"blue sky, blue eyes\" while trying to convince another character to take a chased silver ring. A visit to the town photographer reveals that the picture of the baby in a great gilt frame belongs to this character, who relates a story about a tramp who jumps head-first into a threshing machine. This character also tells the narrator a story about people being thrown from a sledge to the wolves by Peter and Pavel. She returns from Denver after being abandoned by her fiance Larry Donovan. An episode at the Vannis' dancing tent causes this character to lose her position with Mrs. Harling, after which she goes to work for the lecherous Wick Cutter. This friend of Lena Lingard eventually marries Anton Cuzak and settles down in Black Hawk. For 10 points, name this title character whose life is chronicled by Jim Burden in a Willa Cather novel.", "answer": "Antonia Shimerda Cuzak [prompt on \"A. Shimerda\" or \"A. Cuzak\"]", "page": "My_\u00c1ntonia", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195b1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102318, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 328], [329, 449], [450, 524], [525, 685], [686, 776], [777, 881]], "first_sentence": "This character repeats the phrase \"blue sky, blue eyes\" while trying to convince another character to take a chased silver ring.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character repeats the phrase \"blue sky, blue eyes\" while trying to convince another character to take a chased silver ring. A visit to the town photographer reveals that the picture of the baby in a great gilt frame belongs to this character, who relates a story about a tramp who jumps head-first into a threshing machine. This character also tells the narrator a story about people being thrown from a sledge to the wolves by Peter and Pavel. She returns from Denver after being abandoned by her fiance Larry Donovan. An episode at the Vannis' dancing tent causes this character to lose her position with Mrs. Harling, after which she goes to work for the lecherous Wick Cutter. This friend of Lena Lingard eventually marries Anton Cuzak and settles down in Black Hawk. For 10 points, name this title character whose life is chronicled by Jim Burden in a Willa Cather novel.", "answer": "Antonia Shimerda Cuzak [prompt on \"A. Shimerda\" or \"A. Cuzak\"]", "page": "My_\u00c1ntonia", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195b2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102319, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 328], [329, 449], [450, 524], [525, 685], [686, 776], [777, 881]], "first_sentence": "This character repeats the phrase \"blue sky, blue eyes\" while trying to convince another character to take a chased silver ring.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A thinker with this surname argued that beauty is \"power over other people\" in Face Value. Another academic with this last name re-examined Western philosophy through embodied cognition in Philosophy in the Flesh. A social scientist with this surname identified language intonation for added emphasis and \"tag questions\" to suggest agreement as strategies that ladies employ in Woman and the Language Place. A scholar with this last name examined how categories impact the human mind in a book whose title is inspired by the Dyirbal Language. A book written by Mark Johnson and that thinker argued that cognition is determined partially by non-mental factors by examining the statements \"Argument is War\" and \"Ideas are Plants\" as they are used by humans. For 10 points, give this surname of linguist George, who wrote Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things and Metaphors We Live By.", "answer": "Lakoff [or Robin Lakoff; or George Lakoff; or Rachel Scherr until \"embodied cognition\" is read]", "page": "Lakoff", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195b3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102320, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 213], [214, 407], [408, 542], [543, 755], [756, 878]], "first_sentence": "A thinker with this surname argued that beauty is \"power over other people\" in Face Value.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A thinker with this surname argued that beauty is \"power over other people\" in Face Value. Another academic with this last name re-examined Western philosophy through embodied cognition in Philosophy in the Flesh. A social scientist with this surname identified language intonation for added emphasis and \"tag questions\" to suggest agreement as strategies that ladies employ in Woman and the Language Place. A scholar with this last name examined how categories impact the human mind in a book whose title is inspired by the Dyirbal Language. A book written by Mark Johnson and that thinker argued that cognition is determined partially by non-mental factors by examining the statements \"Argument is War\" and \"Ideas are Plants\" as they are used by humans. For 10 points, give this surname of linguist George, who wrote Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things and Metaphors We Live By.", "answer": "Lakoff [or Robin Lakoff; or George Lakoff; or Rachel Scherr until \"embodied cognition\" is read]", "page": "Lakoff", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195b4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102321, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 213], [214, 407], [408, 542], [543, 755], [756, 878]], "first_sentence": "A thinker with this surname argued that beauty is \"power over other people\" in Face Value.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a suite by this composer, a hexatonic folk tune for English horn plays over pulsing pizzicato strings in the opening of the \"Super-Sadness\" movement. He included the melodies to \"Laredo\" and \"Git Along Little Dogies\" in the \"Cowboy Songs\"movement of a film score that he wrote for Pare Lorentz. One of his operas concludes with a \"Funeral Hymn\" beginning with the words \"Where is where.\" This composer, who derived his Acadian Songs and Dances from the film score to Louisiana Story, wrote the score to The Plow that Broke the Plains. In another of his operas, one character describes a Vision of the Holy Ghost with the words \"Pigeons on the grass, alas.\" He served from 1940-1954 as the music critic for the New York Herald Tribune. His collaborations with Gertrude Stein include operas about Teresa of Avila and Susan B. Anthony. For 10 points, name this composer of The Mother of Us All and Four Saints in Three Acts.", "answer": "Virgil Thomson", "page": "Virgil_Thomson", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195b5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102322, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 297], [298, 389], [389, 390], [391, 537], [538, 659], [660, 737], [738, 835], [836, 924]], "first_sentence": "In a suite by this composer, a hexatonic folk tune for English horn plays over pulsing pizzicato strings in the opening of the \"Super-Sadness\" movement.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a suite by this composer, a hexatonic folk tune for English horn plays over pulsing pizzicato strings in the opening of the \"Super-Sadness\" movement. He included the melodies to \"Laredo\" and \"Git Along Little Dogies\" in the \"Cowboy Songs\"movement of a film score that he wrote for Pare Lorentz. One of his operas concludes with a \"Funeral Hymn\" beginning with the words \"Where is where.\" This composer, who derived his Acadian Songs and Dances from the film score to Louisiana Story, wrote the score to The Plow that Broke the Plains. In another of his operas, one character describes a Vision of the Holy Ghost with the words \"Pigeons on the grass, alas.\" He served from 1940-1954 as the music critic for the New York Herald Tribune. His collaborations with Gertrude Stein include operas about Teresa of Avila and Susan B. Anthony. For 10 points, name this composer of The Mother of Us All and Four Saints in Three Acts.", "answer": "Virgil Thomson", "page": "Virgil_Thomson", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195b6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102323, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 297], [298, 389], [389, 390], [391, 537], [538, 659], [660, 737], [738, 835], [836, 924]], "first_sentence": "In a suite by this composer, a hexatonic folk tune for English horn plays over pulsing pizzicato strings in the opening of the \"Super-Sadness\" movement.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of these animals gave birth to a child that had to be fed an entire cow's milk each day, but was killed when it was shortchanged by greedy milkmaids and began hungrily eyeing the local herd. That one, like his twin Sceolan, came to be one of these creatures when Iollan's mistress jealously turned Uirne into one. Mabon ap Modron is the only person capable of tracking down one of these animals, so Culhwch is forced to find him while hunting for a different animal. Drudwyn is one of these animals, a group of which are accompanied by a cackling old hag named Night-Mallt. An encounter with a white, red-eared group of these animals belonging to Arawn proves troublesome for Pwyll. A geis is violated when a hero is offered the meat of this animal by a crone. Setanta received the name \"Cuchulainn\" after killing, and taking the place of, one of these animals who was responsible for guarding Culann. For 10 points, name these loyal domestic animals.", "answer": "dogs [or obvious equivalents; do not accept \"wolves\" or the like]", "page": "Dog", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195b7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102324, "tokenizations": [[0, 194], [195, 317], [318, 470], [471, 577], [578, 686], [687, 764], [765, 905], [906, 955]], "first_sentence": "One of these animals gave birth to a child that had to be fed an entire cow's milk each day, but was killed when it was shortchanged by greedy milkmaids and began hungrily eyeing the local herd.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of these animals gave birth to a child that had to be fed an entire cow's milk each day, but was killed when it was shortchanged by greedy milkmaids and began hungrily eyeing the local herd. That one, like his twin Sceolan, came to be one of these creatures when Iollan's mistress jealously turned Uirne into one. Mabon ap Modron is the only person capable of tracking down one of these animals, so Culhwch is forced to find him while hunting for a different animal. Drudwyn is one of these animals, a group of which are accompanied by a cackling old hag named Night-Mallt. An encounter with a white, red-eared group of these animals belonging to Arawn proves troublesome for Pwyll. A geis is violated when a hero is offered the meat of this animal by a crone. Setanta received the name \"Cuchulainn\" after killing, and taking the place of, one of these animals who was responsible for guarding Culann. For 10 points, name these loyal domestic animals.", "answer": "dogs [or obvious equivalents; do not accept \"wolves\" or the like]", "page": "Dog", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195b8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102325, "tokenizations": [[0, 194], [195, 317], [318, 470], [471, 577], [578, 686], [687, 764], [765, 905], [906, 955]], "first_sentence": "One of these animals gave birth to a child that had to be fed an entire cow's milk each day, but was killed when it was shortchanged by greedy milkmaids and began hungrily eyeing the local herd.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An absurd saga unfolded in this city when a local militia began using the Bat Symbol to mark territory and rebranded itself as \"the Justice League.\" That group's leader, Batman, escaped prison and his daughter, Batgirl, was elected to city council. Areas in this city are menaced by vehicles known as \"Big Skulls,\" a reference to an emblem of crossed pistols-and-dagger worn by the BOPE. A series of tests detecting the beta-lactamase KPC enzyme led to fears that its Guanabara Bay may be teeming with unstoppable \"super bacteria.\" This city had a 2010 security crisis after criminals began torching hundreds of vehicles, and it employed controversial UPPs, or Pacifying Police Units. Located just south of the Imperial City of Petropolis, areas of this city include Rocinha and Botafogo in the South Zone, which includes Copacabana Beach. For 10 points, name this city, home to the world's most famous favelas, the site of the upcoming Summer Olympics in Brazil.", "answer": "Rio de Janeiro", "page": "Rio_de_Janeiro", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195b9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102326, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [147, 248], [249, 387], [388, 530], [530, 684], [685, 839], [840, 963]], "first_sentence": "An absurd saga unfolded in this city when a local militia began using the Bat Symbol to mark territory and rebranded itself as \"the Justice League.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An absurd saga unfolded in this city when a local militia began using the Bat Symbol to mark territory and rebranded itself as \"the Justice League.\" That group's leader, Batman, escaped prison and his daughter, Batgirl, was elected to city council. Areas in this city are menaced by vehicles known as \"Big Skulls,\" a reference to an emblem of crossed pistols-and-dagger worn by the BOPE. A series of tests detecting the beta-lactamase KPC enzyme led to fears that its Guanabara Bay may be teeming with unstoppable \"super bacteria.\" This city had a 2010 security crisis after criminals began torching hundreds of vehicles, and it employed controversial UPPs, or Pacifying Police Units. Located just south of the Imperial City of Petropolis, areas of this city include Rocinha and Botafogo in the South Zone, which includes Copacabana Beach. For 10 points, name this city, home to the world's most famous favelas, the site of the upcoming Summer Olympics in Brazil.", "answer": "Rio de Janeiro", "page": "Rio_de_Janeiro", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195ba", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102327, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [147, 248], [249, 387], [388, 530], [530, 684], [685, 839], [840, 963]], "first_sentence": "An absurd saga unfolded in this city when a local militia began using the Bat Symbol to mark territory and rebranded itself as \"the Justice League.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A message sent by Gongylus of Eretria was used as evidence for an instance of this specific crime. The Aleuadae family bribed Leotychides to forgive their commission of this crime, which Attaginus openly committed by hosting a banquet for a general who died near the Gargaphia Spring. This crime was encouraged by the networks of Thargelia, a hetaera residing in Thessaly. After being accused of this crime, the regent of Leonidas's son Pleistarchus fled to the Temple of Athena Chalkioikos, where he was starved to death. Rather than face trumped-up charges for this crime, a rival of Aristides fled to Admetus of Molossia. Pausanias was accused of this crime despite defeating Mardonius at Plataea, while the aforementioned rival of Aristides committed it by joining the court of Artaxerxes. For 10 points, name this Athenian political charge that brought down Themistocles, the act of sympathizing with Achaemenids like Xerxes and Darius.", "answer": "collaborating with the Persians [or Medism; or Medizing; or allying with Medes; or obvious equivalents, such as betraying Greece to the Persians, treason against Greece with the Persians, sympathizing with the Persians; prompt on \"treason\" or obvious equivalents that do not mention \"Persia\"]", "page": "Medism", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195bb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102328, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 284], [285, 372], [373, 522], [523, 624], [625, 793], [794, 941]], "first_sentence": "A message sent by Gongylus of Eretria was used as evidence for an instance of this specific crime.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A message sent by Gongylus of Eretria was used as evidence for an instance of this specific crime. The Aleuadae family bribed Leotychides to forgive their commission of this crime, which Attaginus openly committed by hosting a banquet for a general who died near the Gargaphia Spring. This crime was encouraged by the networks of Thargelia, a hetaera residing in Thessaly. After being accused of this crime, the regent of Leonidas's son Pleistarchus fled to the Temple of Athena Chalkioikos, where he was starved to death. Rather than face trumped-up charges for this crime, a rival of Aristides fled to Admetus of Molossia. Pausanias was accused of this crime despite defeating Mardonius at Plataea, while the aforementioned rival of Aristides committed it by joining the court of Artaxerxes. For 10 points, name this Athenian political charge that brought down Themistocles, the act of sympathizing with Achaemenids like Xerxes and Darius.", "answer": "collaborating with the Persians [or Medism; or Medizing; or allying with Medes; or obvious equivalents, such as betraying Greece to the Persians, treason against Greece with the Persians, sympathizing with the Persians; prompt on \"treason\" or obvious equivalents that do not mention \"Persia\"]", "page": "Medism", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195bc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102329, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 284], [285, 372], [373, 522], [523, 624], [625, 793], [794, 941]], "first_sentence": "A message sent by Gongylus of Eretria was used as evidence for an instance of this specific crime.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This scientist names a hypothetical dark matter candidate which is the Goldstone boson for the spontaneous breaking of ungauged lepton number symmetry. The search for another hypothetical particle named for this scientist is being performed in experiments utilizing liquid xenon in a time projection chamber and cadmium zinc telluride crystals\u0097those are the EXO and COBRA experiments. This scientist names a representation in which the gamma matrices are all either purely real or purely imaginary, causing the spinors to be purely real. A right-handed spinor is multiplied by its charge conjugate in a mass term named for this scientist appearing in the Lagrangian which explains the seesaw mechanism. The existence of a type of particle named for this scientist would be confirmed by observing neutrinoless double beta decay. Dirac fermions are contrasted with, for 10 points, what scientist's namesake type of fermion, which is its own antiparticle?", "answer": "Ettore Majorana [or Majorana fermions; or Majorana spinors]", "page": "Ettore_Majorana", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195bd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102330, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 384], [385, 537], [538, 702], [703, 827], [828, 952]], "first_sentence": "This scientist names a hypothetical dark matter candidate which is the Goldstone boson for the spontaneous breaking of ungauged lepton number symmetry.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This scientist names a hypothetical dark matter candidate which is the Goldstone boson for the spontaneous breaking of ungauged lepton number symmetry. The search for another hypothetical particle named for this scientist is being performed in experiments utilizing liquid xenon in a time projection chamber and cadmium zinc telluride crystals\u0097those are the EXO and COBRA experiments. This scientist names a representation in which the gamma matrices are all either purely real or purely imaginary, causing the spinors to be purely real. A right-handed spinor is multiplied by its charge conjugate in a mass term named for this scientist appearing in the Lagrangian which explains the seesaw mechanism. The existence of a type of particle named for this scientist would be confirmed by observing neutrinoless double beta decay. Dirac fermions are contrasted with, for 10 points, what scientist's namesake type of fermion, which is its own antiparticle?", "answer": "Ettore Majorana [or Majorana fermions; or Majorana spinors]", "page": "Ettore_Majorana", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195be", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102331, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 384], [385, 537], [538, 702], [703, 827], [828, 952]], "first_sentence": "This scientist names a hypothetical dark matter candidate which is the Goldstone boson for the spontaneous breaking of ungauged lepton number symmetry.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play keeps interrupting a scene to complain that the cook is refusing to stuff the venison with dumplings or serve woodcocks with buttered toast. This play opens with a character being evicted from a tavern, whose tavern keeper and wife have been bribed to turn him out. Another character in this play leaves the name of the groom blank on a letter that commands that his daughter be married by a priest in Gotham, thus allowing her to marry the page of the lord who pretends to be wooing her. The villain in this play is aided by the fat, corrupt justice-of-the-peace Greedy, but betrayed by his sidekick, the lawyer Jack Marall, who aids the schemes of Tom and Lady Allworth. For 10 points, name this play in which Frank Wellborn saves himself from the financial ruin thrust upon him by his uncle, Sir Giles Overreach, a Jacobean comedy by Philip Massinger.", "answer": "A New Way to Pay Old Debts", "page": "A_New_Way_to_Pay_Old_Debts", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195bf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102332, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 290], [291, 513], [514, 697], [698, 879]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play keeps interrupting a scene to complain that the cook is refusing to stuff the venison with dumplings or serve woodcocks with buttered toast.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play keeps interrupting a scene to complain that the cook is refusing to stuff the venison with dumplings or serve woodcocks with buttered toast. This play opens with a character being evicted from a tavern, whose tavern keeper and wife have been bribed to turn him out. Another character in this play leaves the name of the groom blank on a letter that commands that his daughter be married by a priest in Gotham, thus allowing her to marry the page of the lord who pretends to be wooing her. The villain in this play is aided by the fat, corrupt justice-of-the-peace Greedy, but betrayed by his sidekick, the lawyer Jack Marall, who aids the schemes of Tom and Lady Allworth. For 10 points, name this play in which Frank Wellborn saves himself from the financial ruin thrust upon him by his uncle, Sir Giles Overreach, a Jacobean comedy by Philip Massinger.", "answer": "A New Way to Pay Old Debts", "page": "A_New_Way_to_Pay_Old_Debts", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195c0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102333, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 290], [291, 513], [514, 697], [698, 879]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play keeps interrupting a scene to complain that the cook is refusing to stuff the venison with dumplings or serve woodcocks with buttered toast.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "William Arrowsmith translated a poem from this language addressed to the Hoopoe, for whom \"time stops still and February never dies.\" A poem in this language describes an \"infernal angel pass in flight,\" engulfed in an \"eerie emptiness\" and \"festooned with swastikas;\" that poem is about \"the wounded spring\" of Hitler. Another poem in this language is about a creature who \"seeks / life there only / where drought and desolation gnaw;\" that poem is about a \"siren / of the coldest seas\" and ends by asking \"can you not see / that she is your sister?\" An author from this country included \"The Eel\" in his collection The Storm and Other Things. That poet from here wrote the collection Cuttlefish Bones. Another author from this country described a gate bearing the inscription \"Abandon All Hope Ye Who Abandon Here\" in a poem in which he visits Hell. For 10 points, name this home country of Eugenio Montale and Dante Alighieri.", "answer": "Republic of Italy", "page": "Italy", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195c1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102334, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 319], [320, 551], [552, 644], [645, 703], [704, 798], [799, 851], [852, 929]], "first_sentence": "William Arrowsmith translated a poem from this language addressed to the Hoopoe, for whom \"time stops still and February never dies.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "William Arrowsmith translated a poem from this language addressed to the Hoopoe, for whom \"time stops still and February never dies.\" A poem in this language describes an \"infernal angel pass in flight,\" engulfed in an \"eerie emptiness\" and \"festooned with swastikas;\" that poem is about \"the wounded spring\" of Hitler. Another poem in this language is about a creature who \"seeks / life there only / where drought and desolation gnaw;\" that poem is about a \"siren / of the coldest seas\" and ends by asking \"can you not see / that she is your sister?\" An author from this country included \"The Eel\" in his collection The Storm and Other Things. That poet from here wrote the collection Cuttlefish Bones. Another author from this country described a gate bearing the inscription \"Abandon All Hope Ye Who Abandon Here\" in a poem in which he visits Hell. For 10 points, name this home country of Eugenio Montale and Dante Alighieri.", "answer": "Republic of Italy", "page": "Italy", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195c2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102335, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 319], [320, 551], [552, 644], [645, 703], [704, 798], [799, 851], [852, 929]], "first_sentence": "William Arrowsmith translated a poem from this language addressed to the Hoopoe, for whom \"time stops still and February never dies.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A text describes how this god was brought gifts by a figure repeatedly described as \"the wild bull with brindled thighs\" named Pabilsag. This god speaks through \"The Smasher of Thousands,\" a flying mace that his son uses to defeat the demon Azag. This god's fertility is praised by an \"inspector of canals,\" Enbilulu, one of the three offspring he conceived in the Underworld. He had a temple at Ekur, and a \"Hymn\" to this god asserts that his \"pure place\" is Kiur and that he mapped and built the city of Nippur by himself. A lion-headed bird named Anzu is defeated by this god's son, Ninurta, after that bird steals the Tablets of Destiny from this god. This son of Anu and Ki granted immortality to Utnapishtim after that man was forewarned about a catastrophic event by Enki. For 10 points, identify this Sumerian wind god, whose consort was Ninlil, and who attempted to wipe out humanity with the Great Flood.", "answer": "Enlil [or Ellil]", "page": "Enlil", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195c3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102336, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 246], [247, 376], [377, 524], [525, 655], [656, 779], [780, 914]], "first_sentence": "A text describes how this god was brought gifts by a figure repeatedly described as \"the wild bull with brindled thighs\" named Pabilsag.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A landmark 1982 paper on these systems analogizes their source congruency issues to a group of Byzantine generals who may independently decide whether to attack or treat. The Paxos family of protocols, as well as the Chandra-Toueg algorithm, tries to solve consistency in these systems through pinging. Generally, these systems should feature \"graceful degradation\" by being fault-tolerant. As opposed to Cristian's algorithm, the Berkeley algorithm works on these systems by factoring in the \"round trip time\" and then averaging the elements of a \"clock vector.\" Both of those procedures attempt to solve the asynchronous time issue of these systems. These systems communicate by passing messages on a network, and popular examples of software that runs on these systems include SETI@home and Folding@home. For 10 points, name these systems of autonomous computers that are tied to the same network.", "answer": "distributed system [or distributed algorithms; prompt on \"networks\"]", "page": "Distributed_computing", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195c4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102337, "tokenizations": [[0, 170], [171, 302], [303, 390], [391, 562], [562, 563], [564, 651], [652, 807], [808, 900]], "first_sentence": "A landmark 1982 paper on these systems analogizes their source congruency issues to a group of Byzantine generals who may independently decide whether to attack or treat.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Early in his career, this politician resided in Norway with his wife, the socialite Carlota Thorkildsen, and lived on a remote island in Oslo fjord, which is described in his memoirs told to Le\u0301o Lania. While serving as chair of the Independent Com- mission on International Development Issues, he released a report titled \"North-South: A Programme for Survival\" in which he proposed that a line could be drawn at roughly 30 degrees North latitude to separate rich and poor nations. Jerzy Buzek unveiled a monument honoring this man's \"Kniefall von Warschau,\" in which he knelt down at a monument to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. This politician recognized his country's eastern border at the Oder-Neisse line. After it was revealed that his personal aide Gunter Guillaume had been an East German spy, this man retired and was replaced by Helmut Schmidt. For 10 points, name this this socialist West German chancellor, known for implementing the policy of Ostpolitik.", "answer": "Willy Brandt [or Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm]", "page": "Willy_Brandt", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195c6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102339, "tokenizations": [[0, 202], [203, 482], [483, 627], [628, 708], [709, 852], [853, 965]], "first_sentence": "Early in his career, this politician resided in Norway with his wife, the socialite Carlota Thorkildsen, and lived on a remote island in Oslo fjord, which is described in his memoirs told to Le\u0301o Lania.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An album named for the \"genius\" of this instrument features solos for it on songs such as \"Seven Come Eleven\" and \"Solo Flight.\" In 1947, Sister Rosetta Tharpe switched to playing this instrument while performing hit gospel songs like \"Up Above My Head.\" Eddie Durham is credited with being the first jazz musician to record using this instrument, which John McLaughlin played on the Miles Davis albums In a Silent Way and Bitches Brew. Another performer of this instrument played it alongside his wife Mary Ford on hits like \"How High the Moon.\" This instrument was played by Charlie Christian and Wes Montgomery, who used his thumb instead of a plectrum. Orville Gibson founded a company which mainly produced these instruments, including one nicknamed \"Black Beauty.\" For 10 points, name this instrument which uses a pickup and was pioneered by Les Paul.", "answer": "electric guitar [prompt on \"guitar\"; do NOT accept \"acoustic guitar\"]", "page": "Electric_guitar", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195c7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102340, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 254], [255, 436], [437, 545], [545, 656], [657, 769], [769, 857]], "first_sentence": "An album named for the \"genius\" of this instrument features solos for it on songs such as \"Seven Come Eleven\" and \"Solo Flight.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One species in this genus can translocate its DNA using the ATPase SpoIIIE (spo-3-e). That species in this genus produces biofilms containing the protein TasA. Bird feathers can be degraded by another species in this genus called licheniformis. The Cry and Cyt toxins produced by this genus's thuringiensis species are commonly used in genetically engineered insect-resistant corn. Another species in this genus secretes a toxin composed of a \"protective antigen,\" a \"lethal factor,\" and an \"edema factor.\" It's not Clostridium, but one bacterium in this genus is a model organism used to study endospore formation. The causative agent of anthrax is a member of, for 10 points, what genus of Gram-positive bacteria which includes the species subtilis, and whose name indicates that they are rod-shaped?", "answer": "Bacillus", "page": "Bacillus", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195c8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102341, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 244], [245, 381], [382, 505], [505, 615], [616, 802]], "first_sentence": "One species in this genus can translocate its DNA using the ATPase SpoIIIE (spo-3-e).", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Timothy Bax wrote about his time serving in this force in his book Three Sips of Gin. The first member of this force to be killed was Andre\u0301 Rabie, whose name was given to its main barracks; he served alongside a very tall man called Stretch Franklin. This group, whose missions included Operation Long John and Operation Vodka, was dubbed the \"Eskimos\" for working in so-called \"frozen areas\". They carried badges depicting an osprey above their unit name, and were initially formed by Major Ron Reid-Daly. This force destroyed much of the railway system of the FRELIMO movement and tried to use a car bomb to assassinate Joshua Nkomo, after fighting terrorism during the Second Chimurenga. The motto \"Pamwe Chete!\" was used by this force named for a British explorer who inspired the Allan Quartermain character. For 10 points, name this counter- insurgency group which was a regiment of the Rhodesian Army during the Bush War.", "answer": "Selous Scouts", "page": "Selous_Scouts", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195c9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102342, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 251], [252, 394], [395, 507], [508, 691], [692, 814], [815, 929]], "first_sentence": "Timothy Bax wrote about his time serving in this force in his book Three Sips of Gin.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A sociologist from this modern-day country inspired Joseph Schumpeter by first using the term \"creative destruction\" in War and Capitalism, and argued that the ability of America's two party system to co-opt third party movements helped answer the question \"Why is there no Socialism in the United States?\" A sociologist from this modern-day country argued that society's taste in clothing is a social creation that has the function of \"class distinction\" in his essay \"Fashion.\" That man from here stated that a blase\u0301 outlook characterizes people who developed a \"protective organ\" in a book examining the psychological effects of the city. That man from this modern country argued that money functions as an \"impersonal agent\" that bridges the middle distance in another book. The Metropolis and Mental Life and The Philosophy of Money are from, for 10 points, what home country of Werner Sombart and Georg Simmel?", "answer": "Federal Republic of Germany", "page": "Germany", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195ca", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102343, "tokenizations": [[0, 306], [307, 479], [480, 642], [643, 779], [780, 917]], "first_sentence": "A sociologist from this modern-day country inspired Joseph Schumpeter by first using the term \"creative destruction\" in War and Capitalism, and argued that the ability of America's two party system to co-opt third party movements helped answer the question \"Why is there no Socialism in the United States?\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a recent novel by this author, the protagonist has the words \"FUCK COMMUNISM\" forcibly tattooed onto his stomach, but changes the tattoo to read \"FUCK U.S.\" later on. This author wrote a story whose protagonist spitefully causes a hepatitis outbreak after being unfairly jailed for protesting when a pair of police officers throw tea on his shoes. In another novel by this author, the protagonist is elected \"model officer\" every year at the hospital where he works, where he meets a brutal officer named Geng Yang. Many of this author's works, including the stories collected in The Bridegroom, are set in the fictional Muji City. In a National Book Award-winning novel by this author, Shuyu continually refuses to consent to divorcing the protagonist, army doctor Lin Kong, who thus spends seventeen years in a stagnant relationship with Manna. For 10 points, name this Chinese-American author of War Trash, \"Saboteur\", and Waiting.", "answer": "Ha Jin [or Jin Xuefei]", "page": "Ha_Jin", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195cb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102344, "tokenizations": [[0, 169], [170, 350], [351, 518], [519, 634], [635, 849], [850, 937]], "first_sentence": "In a recent novel by this author, the protagonist has the words \"FUCK COMMUNISM\" forcibly tattooed onto his stomach, but changes the tattoo to read \"FUCK U.S.\" later on.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Trails at this mountain range are maintained by the Randolph Mountain Club and the Wonalancet Out Door Club. The Great Gulf wilderness area in this range was endangered by a fire at its peak of Owl's Head, while another of its peaks is named for being haunted by a Native American ghost, Chocorua. Edward Tuckerman discovered many features in this range, including his namesake ravine, and the Arethusa Waterfalls. Tourists to this range often visit its series of eight mountain huts including Mitzpah Springs and Lonesome Lake, and ski resorts at the town of North Conway. Its Kinsman range is home to a series of three peaks called the Cannon Balls. This range hosted the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, and Daniel Webster is often said to be the figure represented by its formation, the Old Man of the Mountain. For 10 points, name this mountain range in New Hampshire that includes Mt. Washington.", "answer": "White Mountains [or Whites; WMNF; or White Mountains National Forest; prompt on \"Appalachian Moun- tains\"]", "page": "White_Mountains_(New_Hampshire)", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195cc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102345, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 297], [298, 414], [415, 573], [574, 651], [652, 816], [817, 903]], "first_sentence": "Trails at this mountain range are maintained by the Randolph Mountain Club and the Wonalancet Out Door Club.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 2004 experiment used the decay of these particles to confirm the Standard Model's prediction that the Michel rho param- eter equals 0.75; that experiment, which confirms the V-A structure of the weak force, was done by the TWIST collaboration. This particle's decay is also used to measure the Fermi constant characterizing the strength of the weak force. Because these particles are not stopped by electromagnetic or hadronic calorimeters, the ATLAS and CMS experiments have a separate spec- trometer solely for detection of these particles. Charged pions decay into one of these particles and a neutrino. These particles are very useful for performing time dilation experiments since their half-life is around 2.2 microseconds. It's not the positron, but Carl Anderson discovered this particle in his observations of cosmic rays. For 10 points, name this lepton which is lighter than the tauon but heavier than the electron.", "answer": "muons", "page": "Muon", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195cd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102346, "tokenizations": [[0, 245], [246, 357], [358, 544], [545, 608], [609, 731], [732, 833], [834, 928]], "first_sentence": "A 2004 experiment used the decay of these particles to confirm the Standard Model's prediction that the Michel rho param- eter equals 0.75; that experiment, which confirms the V-A structure of the weak force, was done by the TWIST collaboration.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This thinker concluded that humanity are heirs to \"symmetry\" and \"breakings of symmetry\" in an essay about an anti- gravitational effect at the origin of the Universe. In another essay, this thinker argued that Madonna has no \"sexual otherness\" and thus she must be fighting against her own body. Those essays, \"The Secret Vestiges of Creation\" and \"The 'Laying Off' of Desire,\" appear in a collection in which this author becomes a detective and investigates the \"murder of reality,\" The Perfect Crime. This philosopher used the fable \"On Exactitude in Science\" by Borges to examine how symbols were destroying the underlying real society. In another essay, he argued that the image of war superseded the actual conflict, and ultimately concluded that Saddam Hussein never truly lost. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote Simulacra and Simulation and notoriously asserted \"The Gulf War did not take place.\"", "answer": "Jean Baudrillard", "page": "Jean_Baudrillard", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85570b91540957195ce", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102347, "tokenizations": [[0, 167], [168, 296], [297, 503], [504, 640], [641, 785], [786, 917]], "first_sentence": "This thinker concluded that humanity are heirs to \"symmetry\" and \"breakings of symmetry\" in an essay about an anti- gravitational effect at the origin of the Universe.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The protagonist of this work stays overnight at Thomas Hardy's house during a bicycling trip and gives Hardy advice on dealing with autograph seekers. Its protagonist recalls how the daughter of his headmaster tried to find out what male genitals looked like by staring down his shirtfront, and explains his claim that romance at preparatory school is \"necessarily homosexual\" by describing his escapades with his pseudonymous friend \"Dick.\" The epilogue to this book makes the first mention of the protagonist's longstanding mistress, who accompanied him and his wife Nancy when he became an English teacher at the University of Cairo. Ending with a \"Dedicatory Epilogue\" to Laura Riding, this book describes its author's correspondence with Siegfried Sassoon, and relates how his lung was punctured during the Battle of the Somme. For 10 points, name this memoir that includes detailed descriptions of its author's service in the Royal Welch Fusiliers during World War I, written by Robert Graves.", "answer": "Goodbye to All That", "page": "Good-Bye_to_All_That", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195cf", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102348, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 440], [440, 636], [637, 832], [833, 999]], "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this work stays overnight at Thomas Hardy's house during a bicycling trip and gives Hardy advice on dealing with autograph seekers.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Disturbances at this location were investigated by the Cox Commission, headed by special investigator Archibald Cox. An administrator of this place, Herbert Deane, made a dismissive comment about a preference for strawberries, which provided the title for James Simon Kunen's The Strawberry Statement. The revelation that this university conducted research for the Institute for Defense Analyses provoked a protest movement led by Mark Rudd. The man who coined the phrase \"burn baby burn,\" H. Rap Brown, spoke at a rally after this university proposed to build a gymnasium that was decried as racist. Life Magazine published a photograph of a student from this university wearing sunglasses while smoking University President Grayson Kirk's cigar. Protesters at this school occupied Hamilton Hall and Low Library during Vietnam War-related protests in 1968. For 10 points, name this Ivy League university in New York City.", "answer": "Columbia University", "page": "Columbia_University", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195d0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102349, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 301], [302, 441], [442, 600], [601, 747], [748, 857], [858, 922]], "first_sentence": "Disturbances at this location were investigated by the Cox Commission, headed by special investigator Archibald Cox.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One text by this man begins with a quote from the Epistle of James, extracts four gifts in the form of \"lights\" from it, and then examines the six \"illuminations\" that come from it. He associated those illuminations with the days of creation, followed on the seventh day by the \"illumination of glory.\" This man conceived of most creatures as \"shadows\" or \"vestiges,\" but rational beings as \"images\" or \"likenesses\" of God. This author of On Retracing the Arts to Theology referred to his teacher Alexander of Hales as his master. He used an Aristotelian-scientific approach to draw Augustinian conclusions like the \"aitiological argument\" in his commentary on the Sentences. He died at the Second Council of Lyons, where he was eulogized. In his most famous work, he allegorized an angelic vision of Saint Francis as a path to God. For 10 points, name this Seraphic Doctor who wrote the Journey of the Mind to God.", "answer": "Saint Bonaventure of Bagnoregio [or Bonaventura; or Giovanni di Fidanza; prompt on \"Doctor Seraphicus\" or \"the Seraphic Doctor\"]", "page": "Bonaventure", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195d1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102350, "tokenizations": [[0, 181], [182, 301], [301, 423], [424, 438], [439, 530], [531, 675], [676, 739], [740, 832], [833, 915]], "first_sentence": "One text by this man begins with a quote from the Epistle of James, extracts four gifts in the form of \"lights\" from it, and then examines the six \"illuminations\" that come from it.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This composer included a Presto scorrevole movement after the second of five interludes in his twelve-movement String Quartet No. 5. This composer included \"Moto perpetuo,\" \"Saeta,\" and \"Canaries\" in a set of brief pieces experimenting with one of his signature techniques, his Eight Pieces for Four Timpani. This composer used an \"all-interval tetrachord\" as the basis for such works as his first string quartet. He composed a double concerto for harpsichord, piano, and two chamber orchestras. A review of this composer's Cello Sonata coined the term \"metric modulation\" to describe the shifts between proportional tempos in his compositions. Daniel Barenboim premiered this composer's Interventions for piano and orchestra with the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall on his 100th birthday. For 10 points, name this American composer of a Concerto for Orchestra who died in 2012.", "answer": "Elliott Carter [or Elliott Cook Carter, Jr.]", "page": "Elliott_Carter", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195d2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102351, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 308], [309, 413], [414, 495], [496, 644], [645, 800], [801, 889]], "first_sentence": "This composer included a Presto scorrevole movement after the second of five interludes in his twelve-movement String Quartet No. 5.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One work by this author inveighs against \"purchased lips that kiss with pain\" and \"trafficked hearts that break in twain;\" that poetic lament is delivered by the \"melting clarionet,\" following the violins' declaration, \"O Trade! Would thou wert dead!\" Brown grows fat and prosperous in the \"county of red hills and stones,\" unlike Jones, in this man's dialect poem, \"Thar's More in the Man than Thar is in the Land.\" In one poem by this author of \"The Symphony,\" the rushes' admonition to \"abide, abide\" is ignored by a thing that \"[flees] from folly on every side\" and \"hurries amain to reach the plain.\" In that poem, this author sees creeks overflowing so that \"a thousand rivulets run 'twixt the roots of the sod\" in the title location. In another poem he transcribed the call of a river that runs \"o'er the hills of Habersham\" and \"through the valleys of Hall.\" \"The Marshes of Glynn\" is by, for 10 points, what this Southern poet who praised his native Georgia in \"The Song of the Chattahoochee?\"", "answer": "Sidney Lanier [or Sidney Clopton Lanier]", "page": "Sidney_Lanier", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195d3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102352, "tokenizations": [[0, 228], [229, 250], [250, 251], [252, 416], [417, 605], [606, 740], [741, 866], [867, 1002]], "first_sentence": "One work by this author inveighs against \"purchased lips that kiss with pain\" and \"trafficked hearts that break in twain;\" that poetic lament is delivered by the \"melting clarionet,\" following the violins' declaration, \"O Trade!", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In toxicity workups, the level of this molecule can be estimated by multiplying the osmolar gap by a factor of 6.2. This molecule is the larger of the two compounds whose poisoning is counteracted by 4-methylpyrazole, also known as fomepizol. Thiamine and pyridoxine can inhibit the production of this molecule's metabolite oxalic acid. Oxirane is the usual precursor of this molecule in synthetic pathways, such as the Shell-developed OMEGA process. Under acid catalysis, aldehydes react with this molecule to form 1,3-dioxolanes, which is a common strategy for protecting carbonyls using acetals. This compound is reacted with terephthalic acid to produce the thermoplastic polymer PET. In its most common usage, this molecule is often eschewed in favor of its safer relative based on propylene. For 10 points, name this molecule, a simple diol derived from the simplest alkene, that is commonly used in antifreeze.", "answer": "ethylene glycol [do NOT accept or prompt on partial answers]", "page": "Ethylene_glycol", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195d4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102353, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 242], [243, 336], [337, 450], [451, 598], [599, 688], [689, 797], [798, 917]], "first_sentence": "In toxicity workups, the level of this molecule can be estimated by multiplying the osmolar gap by a factor of 6.2.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man employed Mascezel to quell a revolt that occurred when Mascezel's brother Gildo seized control of African grain ships, forcing this man to direct that grain be imported from Gaul and Spain. Early in life, he served as an envoy at the court of Shapur III, where he negotiated a treaty on the partition of Armenia. A triumphal arch was erected after this man defeated Radagaisus. Shortly afterward, he allegedly ordered the burning of the Sibylline Books to prevent their prophecies from interfering with his campaigns. After his victory at the Battle of Pollentia, his son Eucherius became involved in a conspiracy hatched by the palace official Olympius, leading them both to be decapitated. The poet Claudian wrote poems for this man, who married Serena, the niece of Theodosius, and was appointed regent for the emperor Honorius. For 10 points, name this half-Vandal general who commanded Roman forces against Alaric.", "answer": "Flavius Stilicho", "page": "Stilicho", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195d5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102354, "tokenizations": [[0, 198], [199, 321], [322, 386], [387, 526], [527, 700], [701, 840], [841, 928]], "first_sentence": "This man employed Mascezel to quell a revolt that occurred when Mascezel's brother Gildo seized control of African grain ships, forcing this man to direct that grain be imported from Gaul and Spain.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The non-Biblical figures in this painting, one of whom is in the costume of a gonfaloniere, are possibly kneeling portraits of the Lenzi family. Because of its impressive architecture - such as the incorporation of a chapel behind God - many scholars believe that Filippo Brunelleschi helped its artist make this painting. When Giorgio Vasari was commissioned to restore the Santa Maria Novella's paintings, he chose to leave this one alone due to its perfection. Unusually, Mary gazes emotionlessly and directly at the viewer while dispassionately pointing toward her son. To the right of her is John the Baptist. At the bottom of this fresco, the phrase \"I was once that which you are, and what I am you will also be\" appears above a cadaver tomb. This painting, which features a human pyramid of figures, depicts the Crucifixion inside of a barrel vault. For 10 points, name this painting by Masaccio that depicts Jesus below God, and the third member of the title group implicitly.", "answer": "The Holy Trinity with the Virgin and Saint John and donors [or Santa Trinita]", "page": "Holy_Trinity_(Masaccio)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195d6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102355, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 322], [323, 463], [464, 573], [574, 614], [615, 749], [750, 857], [858, 985]], "first_sentence": "The non-Biblical figures in this painting, one of whom is in the costume of a gonfaloniere, are possibly kneeling portraits of the Lenzi family.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to Snorri, a king of Uppsala named Swegde spent many years trying to enter the realm of this god. A euhemerized account of this figure's rule states that, after this figure died at Swithiod, he went to Godheim. According to the Heimskringla, this man was the second husband of Skadi. He disguised himself as Vegtam in order to learn secret knowledge. Although this god is not Freyr, he established the laws of mankind and possessed a ship that could be folded up. In The Poetic Edda, this god answers the questions of the volva and disguises himself, which leads to him being tortured by Geirrod. In more traditional accounts, this god plunged a sword into the Barnstokk tree and his son Vidar will avenge his death at the jaws of Fenrir at Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this one-eyed \"allfather\" of the Norse pantheon.", "answer": "Odin [or Woden; or Wotan]", "page": "Odin", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195d7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102356, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 220], [221, 293], [294, 360], [361, 473], [474, 606], [607, 760], [761, 829]], "first_sentence": "According to Snorri, a king of Uppsala named Swegde spent many years trying to enter the realm of this god.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Claire Jean Kim proposed a \"triangle\" named for this concept which argues that a certain group of people have \"relative valorization\" over others. In an essay about \"the aporias of a modern concept,\" Etienne Balibar argued that anthropology is in a state of \"decomposition\" since philosophy and sociology are more suited to investigate this concept. A book about this concept argues that those negatively affected by it are subject to neither exploitation nor oppression, but rather, the \"nihilistic threat,\" which is the loss of hope and meaning. In The Mind of Primitive Man, Franz Boas concluded that this concept has no impact on cultural development or intelligence. Cornel West argued that in democratic societies, this concept still affects American lives in a book titled \"[this concept] Matters.\" For 10 points, name this social construct that groups humans into large populations, usually on the basis of skin color or geography.", "answer": "race", "page": "Ra\u010de", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195d8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102357, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 349], [350, 547], [548, 671], [672, 805], [806, 939]], "first_sentence": "Claire Jean Kim proposed a \"triangle\" named for this concept which argues that a certain group of people have \"relative valorization\" over others.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The formation of these structures can be predicted by the DiANNA software. PRDX4 contributes to the formation of these structures by removing excess hydrogen peroxide. The formation of ascorbate via DHAR is accompanied by the formation of one of these structures in the enzyme's second substrate. Ero1 (ee-ro-one) regenerates the activity of one protein which forms these structures; that protein contains four TRX domains, two of which contain the CXXC motif. RNase A contains 4 of these structures, which prefer to have dihedral angles near 90\u00b0. One of these structures exists in the oxidized, but not the reduced form of glutathione. DTT and beta-mercaptoethanol are used to cleave these structures, which are formed by PDI. Keratin is rich in these structures, which link together the heavy and light chains of antibodies. For 10 points, name these bonds in the tertiary structures of proteins which form between cysteine residues.", "answer": "disulfide bonds [or disulfide bridges; or disulfide linkages; prompt on \"cystines\" or \"cysteines\"]", "page": "Disulfide", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195d9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102358, "tokenizations": [[0, 74], [75, 167], [168, 296], [297, 460], [461, 547], [548, 636], [637, 727], [728, 826], [827, 935]], "first_sentence": "The formation of these structures can be predicted by the DiANNA software.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man financed the Gravesend and Milton Mendicant Society for itinerant workers, and taught alongside his friend, the priest Frederick Freese at the Ragged School in Gravesend, after he was sent there as the Commandant of Engineers. After studying it for a year, this man used the writings of Claude Conder to argue that the Garden Tomb at Skull Hill was the true Golgotha, so it became known as this man's \"Calvary.\" In a romanticized painting by George William Joy, this man is depicted at the top of a staircase staring down towards soldiers racing at him. After Gladstone reluctantly sent him to evacuate troops down the Nile River, he was slain while defending Khartoum against the forces of the Mahdi. Earlier, he had led the \"Ever- Victorious Army\" which fought against the army of Hong Xiuquan. For 10 points, name this British military officer whose acts in putting down the Taiping Rebellion earned him the nickname \"Chinese.\"", "answer": "Charles George \"Chinese\" Gordon [or Gordon of Khartoum]", "page": "Charles_George_Gordon", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195da", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102359, "tokenizations": [[0, 235], [236, 420], [421, 562], [563, 710], [711, 805], [806, 939]], "first_sentence": "This man financed the Gravesend and Milton Mendicant Society for itinerant workers, and taught alongside his friend, the priest Frederick Freese at the Ragged School in Gravesend, after he was sent there as the Commandant of Engineers.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A poem in this collection opens by describing how the \"salt off the sea whets / the blades of four winds\" and depicts another author with \"a hard pen scraping in his head\". In another of its poems, the speaker claims that \"I rhyme / to see myself, to set the darkness echoing\" and notes that \"As a child, they could not keep me from wells\". A third poem from this collection laments the appearance of \"a rat-grey fungus, glutting on our cache\" and describes \"palms sticky as Bluebeard's.\" \"Synge on Aran\" and \"Personal Helicon\" were published in this collection, whose title poem describes how the speaker \"sickened, turned, and ran\" after seeing that \"the great slime kings / were gathered there for vengeance.\" The lines \"between my finger and my thumb / the squat pen rests\" appear in the first and last stanzas of a poem in this collection that includes the line \"By god, the old man could handle a spade.\" For 10 points, \"Digging\" was published in what first major collection of poetry by Seamus Heaney?", "answer": "Death of a Naturalist", "page": "Death_of_a_Naturalist", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195db", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102360, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 340], [341, 488], [489, 711], [711, 712], [713, 910], [911, 1008]], "first_sentence": "A poem in this collection opens by describing how the \"salt off the sea whets / the blades of four winds\" and depicts another author with \"a hard pen scraping in his head\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The second movement of a concerto for this instrument was reconstructed in 2003 by Jos van der Zanden and Cees Nieuwen- huizen. In the second movement of another concerto for this instrument, before the last two measures the accompaniment consists entirely of sixteenth notes in the first violin and eighth notes in the rest of the non-soloist parts. Another concerto for this instrument features an andante spiccato opening movement and a second movement adagio that was transcribed for harpsichord by J.S. Bach. In Rimsky-Korsakov's orchestral arrangement of Polovetsian Dances, this instrument introduces the theme of the first dance. Concerti in D minor for this instrument were written by Alessandro Marcello and Tomaso Albinoni. A similar instrument lacks this instrument's low B flat key but otherwise has the same fingerings and is pitched a fifth lower; that instrument is the English horn. For 10 points, name this double reed woodwind instrument that plays the tuning note before orchestra performances.", "answer": "oboe [do NOT accept \"oboe d'amore\"]", "page": "Oboe", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195dc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102361, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 350], [351, 513], [514, 637], [638, 734], [735, 899], [900, 1014]], "first_sentence": "The second movement of a concerto for this instrument was reconstructed in 2003 by Jos van der Zanden and Cees Nieuwen- huizen.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One text claims this figure was poisoned six times, and on the last time, he let himself be buried, only to return holding one shoe in his hand. In Japan, this figure is depicted as a hollow red doll with blanked eyes, one of which gets filled when setting a goal, and the other of which is filled after succeeding in that goal. He told his best student that he had attained his \"marrow,\" which was deeper than the bones, flesh, or skin attained by other disciples. That student, Huike [hway-kuh] spent weeks in the snow begging to be his disciple, and was finally accepted after he cut off his left arm. The Song of Enlightenment says this man was 28th in a line beginning with Mahakasyapa, who smiled in response to Shakyamuni picking up a white lotus flower. The tea plant sprang from his eyelids after he cut them off to avoid sleeping while staring at a wall for 9 years, a practice later known as zazen. For 10 points, name this so-called \"First Patriarch of Chan,\" an Indian-born monk who spread Zen Buddhism to China.", "answer": "Bodhidharma", "page": "Bodhidharma", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195dd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102362, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 328], [329, 465], [466, 604], [605, 761], [762, 909], [910, 1025]], "first_sentence": "One text claims this figure was poisoned six times, and on the last time, he let himself be buried, only to return holding one shoe in his hand.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One ruler by this name stabbed himself in the company of his eunuch Drastamat after being thrown in jail trying to negotiate peace with Shapur II. Another ruler by this name, also known as Artabanus, ceased minting coins after a loss to Antiochus III at the Battle of Mount Labus, which allowed Antiochus to occupy Hecatompylos. The numerically second ruler of this name was succeeded by his son Pap, and built several hospitals and monasteries with the help of his chamberlain St. Nerses the Great. The final Roman client ruler of Armenia had this name, as did a king credited with founding the city of Nisa. The revolt of the governor Andragoras allowed that ruler of this name to lead the Parni tribe in occupying Hyrcania. The kingdom founded by that man later employed the general Surena, who poured molten gold down the throat of Crassus after defeating him at Carrhae. For 10 points, identify that man who was the namesake of a dynasty as the first ruler of the Parthian kingdom.", "answer": "Arsaces [or Arshak]", "page": "Arsaces", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195de", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102363, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 328], [329, 499], [500, 609], [610, 726], [727, 875], [876, 986]], "first_sentence": "One ruler by this name stabbed himself in the company of his eunuch Drastamat after being thrown in jail trying to negotiate peace with Shapur II.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Scattering from magnetic impurities destroys the pairing of time-reversed states in these materials. The properties of these materials are not affected by disorder in the system according to Anderson's theorem. In these materials, photons have a non- zero effective mass. The Nambu-Gorkov and Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonians can be used to explain these materials, which come in s-wave, p-wave, and d-wave types. One theory of these materials predicts that heat capacity varies exponentially with the band gap divided by temperature, and that the band gap's energy equals 3.5 times Boltzmann's constant times a critical temperature. In that theory, electron-phonon interactions cause the formation of bosonic particles which condense into the ground state. The London equations and BCS theory explain these materials, which expel magnetic fields in the Meissner effect. For 10 points, name these materials which have exactly zero electrical resistance.", "answer": "superconductors [or word forms]", "page": "Superconductivity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195df", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102364, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 210], [211, 271], [272, 414], [415, 634], [635, 758], [759, 871], [872, 954]], "first_sentence": "Scattering from magnetic impurities destroys the pairing of time-reversed states in these materials.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The anthropologist W.J. McGee distinguished between the \"piratical\" and \"amicable\" forms of this process in his work on the Seri Indians. With Melville Herskovits and Ralph Linton, Robert Redfield issued a memorandum for the study of this process in 1936. As part of a study at UCLA in 1978, John Schumann created a model by this name to describe second language acquisition. Canadian psychologist John Berry created perhaps the best-known model ofthis process, which places people into four boxes - that model built on the work of Theodore Graves, who coined the term for the \"psychological\" type of this process. This term itself was first used in 1880 by John Wesley Powell in his report to the U.S. Bureau of American Ethnography. Under Berry's model, it is strongest when people are fully assimilated, having weak ties with their home group. For 10 point, give this term, which is the process by which people adapt to a new culture.", "answer": "acculturation [do NOT accept or prompt on \"assimilation\" or descriptive answers, such as \"adapting to a new culture\" - the clues specifically reference the term \"acculturation\"]", "page": "Acculturation", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195e0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102365, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 255], [256, 375], [376, 614], [615, 734], [735, 846], [847, 937]], "first_sentence": "The anthropologist W.J. McGee distinguished between the \"piratical\" and \"amicable\" forms of this process in his work on the Seri Indians.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In an alleged travelogue by this author, he is shocked by locals who find enjoyment by watching an elephant get aroused, and purchases a Javanese slave named Zetnaybia who ends up bossing him around. This author of Voyage to the Orient wrote a novel whose protagonist loses the love of Aurelie and the title character because of his obsession with Adrienne. The speaker of a poem by this man describes \"plucking from Orpheus' lyre one by one / the saintly sighs and the faerie cries\" and asks \"Am I Phoebus or Love?...Biron or Lusignan?\" Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" quotes a line by this man about \"the Prince of Aquitaine in the ruined tower,\" which comes from a poem that opens \"I am the dark one, the widower, the unconsoled.\" For 10 points name this French author of Sylvie and \"El Desdichado,\" who owned a pet lobster.", "answer": "Ge\u0301rard de Nerval [or Ge\u0301rard Labrunie]", "page": "G\u00e9rard_de_Nerval", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195e1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102366, "tokenizations": [[0, 199], [200, 357], [358, 537], [538, 676], [677, 725], [725, 726], [727, 820]], "first_sentence": "In an alleged travelogue by this author, he is shocked by locals who find enjoyment by watching an elephant get aroused, and purchases a Javanese slave named Zetnaybia who ends up bossing him around.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Basque goddess Mari turned a shepherd who built a house too close to one of her caves into this animal. One of these animals named Kutkh turns into an old man after regurgitating the Earth in a Chukchi myth. The protector deity Gonpo Jarodonchen is represented by this animal, explaining its presence on the royal crown of Bhutan. One of these animals pushed a thorn into the foot of another animal to make it drop the box containing the sun, moon, and stars. In a similar myth system, one of these animals sang to a clam to make it release the first men. Another goddess appeared in the form of this animal to advise Donn Cuailnge (\"Cooley\") to flee and also to signify the death of Cuchulainn. Apollo's prophecies were delivered by this animal, which was originally white until he scorched it for bringing him bad news. The Morrigan often took the form of, for or 10 points, which bird, two of which named Hugin and Munin were owned by Odin?", "answer": "ravens [or crows; or corvids; prompt on \"birds\"]", "page": "CROWS", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195e2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102367, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 211], [212, 334], [335, 463], [464, 559], [560, 699], [700, 825], [826, 947]], "first_sentence": "The Basque goddess Mari turned a shepherd who built a house too close to one of her caves into this animal.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A painting by this artist depicts a flirtatious man next to a virgin playing the harpsichord, which is inscribed with the title ironic phrase Acta Virum Probant, meaning \"actions prove the man.\" In another of his paintings, broken egg shells near two women indicate the then well-known sexual euphemism of \"cracking eggs in a pan.\" A teacher uses the plaster nude on his desk to instruct a child and young woman in a third of his paintings. This artist of The Christening Feast and The Drawing Lesson painted multiple tavern scenes inspired by his profession as an innkeeper. His characteristic paintings include one in which mischievous children teach a cat how to dance, and one in which a child in a gold dress has received all the gifts during the title celebration. For 10 points, name this painter of interior comedy scenes, such as The Feast of St. Nicholas.", "answer": "Jan Steen", "page": "Jan_Steen", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195e3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102368, "tokenizations": [[0, 194], [195, 331], [332, 440], [441, 575], [576, 770], [771, 865]], "first_sentence": "A painting by this artist depicts a flirtatious man next to a virgin playing the harpsichord, which is inscribed with the title ironic phrase Acta Virum Probant, meaning \"actions prove the man.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The pre-equilibrium rate constant for one of these reactions is proportional to the cube of the minimum distance of the approach of the reactants times the exponential of the Coulombic potential energy of the reactants according to the Fuoss-Eigen equation. That rate constant arises from the Eigen-Wilkins mechanism, which describes this kind of reaction. In square planar complexes, the rate of this kind of reaction can be enhanced by the presence of a strong sigma donor ligand on the other side of the complex in the trans effect. This type of reaction can take place via associative or interchange mechanisms. Alcohols can be converted to tosylates to increase their reactivity in this kind of reaction. In a noted mechanism for this type of reaction, inversion of stereochemistry occurs as a nucleophile forces out a leaving group in a single step. For 10 points, name this type of reaction in which one ligand or functional group is replaced with another one.", "answer": "ubstitution [or ligand substitution; or nucleophilic bimolecular substitution; or SN2]", "page": "Substitution_reaction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195e4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102369, "tokenizations": [[0, 257], [258, 356], [357, 535], [536, 615], [616, 709], [710, 855], [856, 967]], "first_sentence": "The pre-equilibrium rate constant for one of these reactions is proportional to the cube of the minimum distance of the approach of the reactants times the exponential of the Coulombic potential energy of the reactants according to the Fuoss-Eigen equation.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a 1929 case, a senator from Missouri with this surname successfully defended Myrtle Bennett after she shot and killed her husband over a game of bridge. An Idaho law stating that \"males must be preferred to females\" as administrators of probate estates was overturned by a 1971 Supreme Court case where the opposing parties were husband and wife with this surname. The most famous Congressman with this surname was depicted in a Harper's Weekly cartoon falling asleep on a keg of gunpowder with the phrase \"Financial Question\" on it. That man, who was succeeded by Charles Crisp in his highest office, put a stop to the \"disappearing quorum\" tactic by counting all members present even if they didn't respond to roll call. That politician from Maine thusly became the namesake of a set of Congressional rules. For 10 points, give this surname of that Speaker of the House whose power at the end of the 19th century caused him to be dubbed \"the Czar.\"", "answer": "Reed [or Thomas Bracket Reed; or James Alexander Reed; or Reed v. Reed]", "page": "James_A._Reed", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195e5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102370, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 367], [368, 536], [537, 725], [726, 812], [813, 953]], "first_sentence": "In a 1929 case, a senator from Missouri with this surname successfully defended Myrtle Bennett after she shot and killed her husband over a game of bridge.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The protagonist of this novel reminisces about the time he spent an entire night on his bicycle attempting to find an escaped mental patient who thought that dogs were the devil, only to find that he had hung himself. This novel contains an extensive description of William Blake's Pestilence: Death of the First Born, a copy of which hangs in a character's messy apartment. Another character in this novel is constantly compared to the wounded Apollinaire because of his bandaged head. That character is named after the owner of a gay bar, Kikuhiko, and his appearance causes the protagonist to get drunk and throw up while teaching cram school. This novel's protagonist is encouraged to follow through on his dream of traveling to Africa by his mistress Himiko, with whom he hides out after his wife gives birth to a child with a serious brain hernia. For 10 points, name this autobiographical novel about Bird, a 1964 work by Kenzaburo Oe.", "answer": "A Personal Matter [or Kojinteki na taiken]", "page": "A_Personal_Matter", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195e6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102371, "tokenizations": [[0, 217], [218, 374], [375, 486], [487, 646], [647, 853], [854, 942]], "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel reminisces about the time he spent an entire night on his bicycle attempting to find an escaped mental patient who thought that dogs were the devil, only to find that he had hung himself.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This philosopher distinguished between \"all-things-considered\" and \"unconditional\" types of judgment to solve the problem of incontinence. In a different paper, this philosopher used the example of someone sinking the Bismarck to illustrate the Principle of Causal Interaction. In another paper, this philosopher argued that rationalizations were causal explanations for actions. This author of \"How is Weakness of the Will Possible?\" and \"Actions, Reasons, and Causes\" argued for token identity theory in a paper that states that there are no strict deterministic laws that allow for the prediction of mental states from physical states. He proposed a theory of understanding an unknown language works called \"radical interpretation\" in his paper \"Truth and Meaning.\" For 10 points, name this philosopher who authored \"Mental Events,\" which proposed a theory of \"anomalous monism.\"", "answer": "Donald Davidson", "page": "Donald_Davidson_(philosopher)", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195e7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102372, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 277], [278, 379], [380, 638], [639, 768], [769, 882]], "first_sentence": "This philosopher distinguished between \"all-things-considered\" and \"unconditional\" types of judgment to solve the problem of incontinence.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This quantity's associated polynomial is often calculated using the deletion-contraction algorithm. Heinrich Tietze was the first to determine this quantity for the projective plane, since he found that the graph \"K sub 6\" was the largest graph that could be embedded onto it. If a graph has a value of n for this quantity, then it will contract to the complete graph of n, possibly with some extra adjacency edges, according to Hadwiger's conjecture. For a surface, this quantity is less than \"seven plus the square root of 49 minus 24 times the Euler characteristic, all over 2.\" Removing the critical edge of a graph will decrease this quantity. Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken proved that this quantity is equal to four for planar graphs. For 10 points, name this quantity, which is the minimum number of colors needed to color a graph so that no two adjacent vertices have the same color.", "answer": "chromatic number [prompt on \"the number of colors needed to color a graph\"]", "page": "Graph_coloring", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195e8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102373, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 276], [277, 451], [452, 580], [580, 648], [649, 743], [744, 894]], "first_sentence": "This quantity's associated polynomial is often calculated using the deletion-contraction algorithm.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During this conflict, one side's army had two females appointed as canteen carriers or medics in each regiment, including figures like the 13-year old Irene Morales, who rose up military ranks after trying to pass as male. Partly chronicled by native historian Benjamin Mackenna, this conflict involved the failed expedition of Ambrosio Letelier, whose soldiers were all court- martialed for illegal profiteering. Prior to that expedition, the fighting was nearly ended when minister Isaac Christiancy organized the Lackawanna Conference, but the losing side's demands for territory led to a retaliatory raid by the \"Red Prince\" Patricio Lynch. Miguel Grau became the hero of the battle at Cape Angamos, while the Esmeralda was sunk at the Battle of Iquique during this conflict. This war saw a clash over the provinces of Tacna and Arica and was partly ended by the Treaty of Ancon in 1883. For 10 points, name this war where the forces of Bolivia and Peru lost to Chile.", "answer": "War of the Pacific [or Guerra del Pacifico]", "page": "War_of_the_Pacific", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195e9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102374, "tokenizations": [[0, 222], [223, 413], [414, 644], [645, 779], [780, 891], [892, 972]], "first_sentence": "During this conflict, one side's army had two females appointed as canteen carriers or medics in each regiment, including figures like the 13-year old Irene Morales, who rose up military ranks after trying to pass as male.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A panicked horse in this film kicks a barrel of gunpowder into a fire, which is then thrown into the water as it explodes. As a man in this film counts to ten, he is beheaded by Perucho, though his decapitated head finishes the count. The haunting music first heard in its opening sequence comes from a \"choir-organ\" played by Florian Fricke's band. It took nearly two weeks to film the 30 second sequence in which \"feverish\" men see a boat hanging in the trees. At its conclusion, the title character gives a speech stating that he'll marry his own daughter and found the world's purest dynasty while standing on his raft, which is overrun by monkeys. The star of this film, who was apocryphally threatened at gunpoint by the director, also starred in this film's companion piece Fitzcarraldo. For 10 points, name this film about the title character's failed expedition into the South American jungle, directed by Werner Herzog.", "answer": "Aguirre, the Wrath of God", "page": "Aguirre,_the_Wrath_of_God", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195ea", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102375, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 234], [235, 349], [350, 462], [463, 652], [653, 794], [795, 929]], "first_sentence": "A panicked horse in this film kicks a barrel of gunpowder into a fire, which is then thrown into the water as it explodes.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "While lying in a bed on a train, the protagonist of this novel imagines that he is in a coffin and recalls the funerals of his grandfather and two younger brothers, one of whom died in a mowing accident. The protagonist of this novel follows a man and his daughter to give her a potato peeler that she was unable to afford earlier. A character in this novel frequently watches a woman from the bushes at the public swimming pool, and later on steals a mummy from a museum. Its protagonist visits the prostitute Leora Watts during his first night in Taulkinham, where he buys an Essex automobile with which he runs over Solace Layfield. One of this novel's major characters kills a man wearing a gorilla suit, then steals the suit and disappears. After meeting Asa Hawks and Sabbath Lily, the protagonist establishes the Church Without Christ, and he later blinds himself with lime. For 10 points, name this book about Enoch Emery and Hazel Motes, the first novel by Flannery O'Connor.", "answer": "Wise Blood", "page": "Wise_Blood", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195eb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102376, "tokenizations": [[0, 203], [204, 331], [332, 472], [473, 635], [636, 745], [746, 881], [882, 984]], "first_sentence": "While lying in a bed on a train, the protagonist of this novel imagines that he is in a coffin and recalls the funerals of his grandfather and two younger brothers, one of whom died in a mowing accident.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poem describes a group that \"fashion the birth-robes for them who are just born, being dead\" and that group are the handmaidens of Mary, \"whose names are five sweet symphonies\". The title character of this poem declares that \"I myself shall teach to him... /The songs I sing here\" and \"I'll take his hand and go with him/ To the deep wells of light... And bathe there is god's sight\". This poem describes its subject as being surrounded by lovers who \"spoke evermore among themselves/ Their heart-remember'd names\", and it was first published in 1850 in The Germ. Its title character's hair \"was yellow like ripe corn\" and \"her eyes were deeper than the depth/ Of waters still'd at even\", and in the first stanza she \"lean'd out from the gold bar of heaven\" and \"had three lilies in her hand\". For 10 points, name this poem by Dante Gabriel Rossetti that inspired a similarly titled painting.", "answer": "\"The Blessed Damozel\"", "page": "The_Blessed_Damozel", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85670b91540957195ec", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102377, "tokenizations": [[0, 182], [183, 261], [262, 326], [327, 356], [357, 389], [390, 568], [569, 798], [799, 897]], "first_sentence": "This poem describes a group that \"fashion the birth-robes for them who are just born, being dead\" and that group are the handmaidens of Mary, \"whose names are five sweet symphonies\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "For many years, jazz musicians in this city have participated in late night jam sessions at the Mutual Musicians Foundation. Jazz bands working in this city were known for \"head arrangements\" instead of sight-reading, performing frequent, elaborate riffs, and featuring \"blues shouters\" like Jimmy Rushing and Big Joe Turner. Jay McShann led a big band from this city, whose 18th and Vine district nurtured musicians like Charlie Parker, who grew up here. The line \"They got a crazy way of lovin' out there\" appears in a Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller song about this city. This city's characteristic style was developed by the Bennie Moten Orchestra, which employed Count Basie before he created his own orchestra and moved to Chicago. The jazz scene in this city took off because Prohibition was not enforced by political boss Tom Pendergast. For 10 points, name this Midwestern city, a jazz Mecca during the 1930s.", "answer": "Kansas City, Missouri [do NOT accept \"Kansas City, Kansas\"]", "page": "Kansas_City,_Missouri", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195ed", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102378, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 325], [326, 455], [456, 572], [573, 735], [736, 843], [844, 916]], "first_sentence": "For many years, jazz musicians in this city have participated in late night jam sessions at the Mutual Musicians Foundation.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poem's narrator compares his house to \"a watchman's hut made of branches and cane\" and states that his \"roots were entrenched before the birth of time.\" This poem's addressee has \"stolen the orchards of my ancestors\" and \"left nothing for us except for these rocks.\" At the end of this poem, its narrator warns \"Beware... of my hunger and my anger!\" and earlier states that \"The usurper's flesh will be my food.\" After this poem's narrator states that he has eight children, he remarks that \"the ninth will come after a summer.\" Many of this poem's stanzas begin with the phrase \"Write down! I am an Arab,\" and its narrator states that the number on its title object \"is fifty thousand.\" For 10 points, name this poem by Mahmoud Darwish about a Palestinian's registration document.", "answer": "\"Identity Card\" [or \"Bitaqat Hawiyyah\"]", "page": "Identity_document", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195ee", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102379, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [156, 271], [272, 354], [355, 417], [418, 532], [532, 596], [597, 692], [693, 786]], "first_sentence": "This poem's narrator compares his house to \"a watchman's hut made of branches and cane\" and states that his \"roots were entrenched before the birth of time.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A defect in one of these proteins causes Glanzman's thrombasthenia. Mutations in the CD18 subunit of another of these pro- teins causes a disease known as LAD-1. These proteins are the targets of drugs such as abciximab, eptifibatide, and natalizumab. These proteins frequently bind to the acidic RGD or LDV sequences of their ligands. The kinase FAK mediates the signaling performed by these proteins, which bind to filamin and talin at their cytoplasmic faces. The alpha-A domain of one of these proteins is homologous to the A-domain of von Willenbrand factor. The binding of divalent cations to these heterodimeric proteins allows them to bind to ligands such as VCAMs and ICAMs. One of these proteins designated \"alpha-6 beta-1\" binds to laminin while one designated \"alpha-5 beta-1\" binds to fibronectin. They are similar to selectins and cadherins. For 10 points, name these transmembrane receptors and cell adhesion molecules which mediate interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix.", "answer": "ntegrins [or glycoprotein 2b/3a until \"RGD\" is read; prompt on \"CDs\" or \"clusters of differentiation\" until \"CD18\" is read; prompt on \"glycoproteins\" until \"RGD\" is read]", "page": "Integrin", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195ef", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102380, "tokenizations": [[0, 67], [68, 161], [162, 251], [252, 335], [336, 462], [463, 563], [564, 683], [684, 810], [811, 855], [856, 1004]], "first_sentence": "A defect in one of these proteins causes Glanzman's thrombasthenia.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After the disbanding of this group, one of its founders became an employee at the estate of the mystic Lady Eleanor Davies, who claimed to be the prophet Melchisedecke, the Queen of Peace. This group issued the Wellingborough Declaration, in which they claimed it is better to \"die by the Sword than by the Famine.\" A faction of this group was locked in a battle with John Platt after they settled at Cobham Heath, while another faction settled at St. George's Hill and renamed it George Hill. Led early on by William Everard, the philosophy of this group was put forth in The New Law of Righteousness, the primary text by its major leader Gerrard Winstanley. The True Levellers is often a moniker for this group of Protestant radicals. For 10 points, name this English religious group that took their moniker from their penchant for carrying shovels.", "answer": "the Diggers [or the True Levellers until it is read; do NOT accept or prompt on \"Levellers\"]", "page": "Diggers", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195f0", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102381, "tokenizations": [[0, 188], [189, 315], [316, 493], [494, 659], [660, 736], [737, 851]], "first_sentence": "After the disbanding of this group, one of its founders became an employee at the estate of the mystic Lady Eleanor Davies, who claimed to be the prophet Melchisedecke, the Queen of Peace.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The development section of this symphony's final movement includes a tone row which anticipates Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, omitting only the tonic. The fact that the composer revised this symphony by adding two clarinets and altering the oboe part to accommodate them is evidence that the composer did hear it performed, contrary to a popular legend. This symphony begins with the violins introducing a theme consisting of \"E-flat, D, D\" repeated three times followed by a higher B-flat. This symphony's fourth movement begins with a Mannheim rocket. This symphony is the second of the only two minor- key symphonies by its composer, and is nicknamed the \"Great G Minor.\" For 10 points, name this penultimate symphony of an Austrian composer, preceding the Jupiter.", "answer": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in G Minor [or KV. 550; or Mozart's Great G Minor symphony until it is read]", "page": "Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195f1", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102382, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 359], [360, 496], [497, 559], [560, 680], [681, 774]], "first_sentence": "The development section of this symphony's final movement includes a tone row which anticipates Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, omitting only the tonic.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This book refutes six different theories of meaning with an example of a vending machine that accepts Panamanian and American quarters. Its penultimate chapter attempts to answer the question \"Can ethics be naturalized?\" by suggesting that the utilitarian theory of J.S. Mill be adopted. This book's fifteenth chapter refutes the ideas contained in The Emperor's New Mind and ridicules Roger Penrose for suggesting that a theory of quantum gravity would explain why the brain is more powerful than a Turing machine. This work, which begins by citing the song \"Tell Me Why?\" attacks so-called \"greedy reductionists\" who seek to answer \"why\" questions with \"skyhooks.\" Its longest chapter, \"Bully for Brontosaurus,\" refutes Steven Gould's interpretations of the title concept. For 10 points, name this book that discusses the scientific and cultural impact of natural selection, a work written by Daniel Dennett.", "answer": "Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life", "page": "Darwin's_Dangerous_Idea", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195f2", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102383, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 220], [221, 287], [288, 515], [516, 558], [559, 573], [574, 665], [665, 666], [667, 774], [775, 910]], "first_sentence": "This book refutes six different theories of meaning with an example of a vending machine that accepts Panamanian and American quarters.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem by this author has stanzas about Julius Caesar, Helen of Troy, and Michelangelo, each of whom has a mind which \"moves upon silence,\" like the title animal \"upon the stream.\" He used the phrase \"World-Besotted Traveler\" in his translation of the epitaph which Jonathan Swift wrote for himself. He used the last three lines of one of his poems for his own epitaph, \"Cast a cold eye on life, on death. Horseman, pass by!\" This author of \"Long-Legged Fly\" wrote a poem whose speaker hears water \"in the deep heart's core.\" That poem describes how \"peace comes dropping slow\" in a place where \"midnight's all a glimmer\" and where the speaker plans to plant \"nine bean rows.\" For 10 points, name this poet who wrote \"I will arise and go now\" in his poem \"The Lake Isle of Innisfree.\"", "answer": "William Butler Yeats", "page": "W._B._Yeats", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195f3", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102384, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 299], [300, 405], [406, 425], [426, 525], [526, 676], [677, 784]], "first_sentence": "A poem by this author has stanzas about Julius Caesar, Helen of Troy, and Michelangelo, each of whom has a mind which \"moves upon silence,\" like the title animal \"upon the stream.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These compounds can be synthesized using Nagata's reagent. Reaction of one of these compounds with tin chloride and hydrochloric acid followed by hydrolysis yields an aldehyde in the Stephen synthesis. These compounds produce chemical shifts of 115-120 ppm in carbon-13 NMR. In another reaction, one of these compounds is nucleophilically attacked by an alcohol in the presence of catalytic hydrochloric acid, forming an intermediate which can be hydrolyzed into an ester or converted into an amidine by adding ammonia. Two equivalents of this functional group are present in the radical initiator AIBN. An alpha-amino one of these compounds can be hydrolyzed to an amino acid in the Strecker synthesis. These compounds can be converted to primary amines via two equivalents of hydrogen and Raney nickel. For 10 points, name these carboxylic acid derivatives produced by the SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide with cyanide, which contain a carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen.", "answer": "nitriles [or cyano compounds until \"cyanide\" is read and prompt thereafter]", "page": "Nitrile", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195f4", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102385, "tokenizations": [[0, 201], [202, 274], [275, 519], [520, 603], [604, 703], [704, 804], [805, 972]], "first_sentence": "These compounds can be synthesized using Nagata's reagent. Reaction of one of these compounds with tin chloride and hydrochloric acid followed by hydrolysis yields an aldehyde in the Stephen synthesis.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A bloody civil war in this nation was incited when its president passed 15 constitutional amendments called the Social Guarantees, and the Alien Property Law, which allowed its government to seize German and Italian property after a German submarine attack. Earlier, this country was alternately ruled by men called Don Ricardo and Don Cleto. The assassination of communist Mora Valverde, who led the People's Vanguard, and the overthrow of its president Teodoro Picado started its civil war in 1948. Its first president Jose\u0301 Madriz, the \"founder of the republic,\" moved its capital from a city where the Virgin of the Angels, a black Madonna known as La Negrita, is kept at its basilica. That former capital is Cartago, while a cloud forest reserve is located at this nation's town of Monteverde, founded by American Quakers. Once led by Laura Chinchilla it is just south of the Mosquito Coast. For 10 points, name this country which has had a border dispute with its northern neighbor Nicaragua.", "answer": "Republic of Costa Rica", "page": "Costa_Rica", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195f5", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102386, "tokenizations": [[0, 257], [258, 342], [343, 500], [501, 689], [690, 827], [828, 896], [897, 998]], "first_sentence": "A bloody civil war in this nation was incited when its president passed 15 constitutional amendments called the Social Guarantees, and the Alien Property Law, which allowed its government to seize German and Italian property after a German submarine attack.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An alternate name for this hero derives from an exploit in which he used a boot as a weapon. In one story, he is picked up and put in the pocket of a man who later becomes his companion; this character later creates a series of iron hoops by using an ancient sword to hit a coffin in which that companion had accidentally sealed himself. He angrily knocked down a bunch of church steeples when his ruler didn't invite him to a party. He's not Sundiata, but due to a childhood illness, this hero could not walk, so he lay on top of a stove until he was thirty-three, when he was healed by some passing pilgrims. This hero defeated a flying forest-dwelling monster which killed people with its powerful whistle. That victory over Nightingale the Robber pleased this hero's ruler, Vladimir of Kiev. For 10 points, name this bogatyr, a Russian folk hero from Murom.", "answer": "Ilya Muromets [or Ilya of Murom; or Ilya the Muromanian; or Chobitko; or Ilya after \"Murom\" is read]", "page": "Ilya_Muromets", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195f6", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102387, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 337], [338, 433], [434, 610], [611, 709], [710, 795], [796, 861]], "first_sentence": "An alternate name for this hero derives from an exploit in which he used a boot as a weapon.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "According to a recent paper by Sara and Glenn Ellison, when this company purchased a competitor and reduced search costs in its market, average prices, price dispersion, and consumer surplus all increased. In order to build its app ecosystem in the context of two-sided markets, it charged consumers 99 cents for its smartphone in 2014. In 2012, this company spent $775 million to acquire Kiva Systems. At a location in Pennsylvania, this company tagged all of their employees with GPS trackers to monitor their manual efficiency. Daniel Ellsberg, the leaker of the Pentagon Papers, wrote a letter to this company after it stopped hosting the website of Wikileaks. In 2009, this company yanked a US-copyright-violating version of the novel 1984 from its products without notice. For 10 points, name this online marketplace and titan of the book industry founded by Jeff Bezos.", "answer": "Amazon.com", "page": "Amazon_(company)", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195f7", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102388, "tokenizations": [[0, 205], [206, 336], [337, 402], [403, 530], [531, 664], [665, 778], [779, 876]], "first_sentence": "According to a recent paper by Sara and Glenn Ellison, when this company purchased a competitor and reduced search costs in its market, average prices, price dispersion, and consumer surplus all increased.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Near the end of this novel, the main character and his lover sit at a table in the Majestic Hotel and give contrasting speeches on the topic of moral obligation. In the last chapter of this novel, the protagonist prepares to lead a group of people in storming a hotel room, only to realize that he has wet himself. The main characters of this novel fall into a tunnel complex from which there is apparently no escape, but they escape from it by falling back out, at the suggestion of Sarkin Aung Wan. This novel contains three narrative threads: the first describes the protagonist looking down at a beach from his observation post, the second consists of flashbacks to events like the deaths of Bernie Lynn and Frenchie Tucker, and the third is the title action, which is largely imagined by the protagonist. The title character of this novel decides to walk to Paris and goes AWOL, but is pursued by a squad of soldiers including Paul Berlin. For 10 points, name this novel by the author of The Things They Carried, Tim O'Brien.", "answer": "Going After Cacciato", "page": "Going_After_Cacciato", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195f8", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102389, "tokenizations": [[0, 161], [162, 314], [315, 500], [501, 809], [810, 944], [945, 1030]], "first_sentence": "Near the end of this novel, the main character and his lover sit at a table in the Majestic Hotel and give contrasting speeches on the topic of moral obligation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Michael Taylor discussed this artist's ability to capture spiritual poses in an essay about his representation of noses. Though not known for landscapes, John Constable singled out his The Mill as one of the four memorable works in the history of landscapes. At first, he painted Biblical scenes such as The Angel Preventing the Sacrifice of Isaac, and Balaam and His Ass, which was inspired by his apprenticeship under Pieter Lastman. This man's other paintings include a portrait of his son Titus in monk's garb. A group portrait by him features two people touching a minutes book that rests on a luxurious red, oriental carpet, and portrays five inspectors and their servant, who notably does not wear a hat.The largest painting he ever made depicts the rebellion of a Batavian tribe. This artist of The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis made a 1642 pain", "answer": "Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn [or Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn]", "page": "Rembrandt", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195f9", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102390, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 258], [259, 435], [436, 514], [515, 711], [711, 787], [788, 854]], "first_sentence": "Michael Taylor discussed this artist's ability to capture spiritual poses in an essay about his representation of noses.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "For amorphous semiconductors, this statement can be determined using the Tauc-Lorentz or the Fourohi-Bloomer models. Examples of this kind of statement are denoted by letters such as L, R, O, and X, which appear next to figures shaped like ellipsoids, dumbbell-lemniscates, or wheel-lemniscates in a CMA diagram. In the \"extraordinary\" mode, this function possesses two asymptotes, which correspond to cutoff points. This function is a simple sine function for acoustic phonons, and for an electron in free-space it has a parabolic shape. Differentiating this function gives the group velocity, while dividing by the wavenumber gives the phase velocity. For 10 points, name this relation between the angular frequency and the wavenumber of a wave, which can be used to determine the frequency-dependence of a prism's index of refraction.", "answer": "dispersion relations [or dispersion relations after \"relation\" is read]", "page": "Dispersion_relation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195fa", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102391, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 312], [313, 416], [417, 538], [539, 653], [654, 837]], "first_sentence": "For amorphous semiconductors, this statement can be determined using the Tauc-Lorentz or the Fourohi-Bloomer models.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A group of writers in this language was known as the Executed Renaissance because their use of this tongue was suppressed; they included subgroups called Hart and Aspanfut, or the \"Association of Pan-futurists.\" The secret society Hromada promoted this language's use, especially in the wake of the January Uprising, and a campaign in favor of its use was led by Petro Shelest. A decree named after the city of Bad Ems greatly restricted use of this language, which was promoted as part of the process of \"korenization,\" or \"putting down roots\" as well as by the Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius. This language was censored by the Valuev Circular, which proclaimed that there was no place for a separate \"Little Russian language.\" For 10 points, name this national language of the country whose capital is Kiev.", "answer": "Ukrainian [or ukrayins'ka mova; prompt on \"Little Russian\"]", "page": "1", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195fb", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102392, "tokenizations": [[0, 210], [210, 377], [378, 605], [606, 738], [738, 820]], "first_sentence": "A group of writers in this language was known as the Executed Renaissance because their use of this tongue was suppressed; they included subgroups called Hart and Aspanfut, or the \"Association of Pan-futurists.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This book discusses the rise of the \"cyberwedding\" and the advent of virtual funerals in a chapter asking whether the Internet could be a social force. Its twelfth chapter, on suburbanization, bemoans the rise of sprawl since it disrupts \"boundedness.\" In an early chapter, the author considers the rise of women into the workforce and the high frequency of physical relocation as potential causes for the phenomenon mentioned in the subtitle. This book, published in 2000, grew out of an essay discussing the decline of social capital. In a chapter about informal social connections, this book notes that although 91 million Americans has engaged in the title activity, league membership for it has dwindled. For 10 points, name this book examining \"the collapse and revival of the American community,\" a work by Robert Putnam.", "answer": "Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of the American Community", "page": "Bowling_Alone", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195fc", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102393, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 252], [253, 443], [444, 536], [537, 709], [710, 828]], "first_sentence": "This book discusses the rise of the \"cyberwedding\" and the advent of virtual funerals in a chapter asking whether the Internet could be a social force.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the opening of a scene of this play, a character notes to himself that he has been told to walk about his room twelve times, but forgets if it was lengthwise or across. Another character in this play remarks that the ancients used to kidnap maidens they wanted to marry, and had earlier been described as a blind follower of the ancients, which is why he doesn't believe in the circulation of the blood. Two characters in this play improvise a song about the lovers Tircis and Phyllis. The title character's brother Beralde and servant Toinette convince him to play dead, after which he learns his wife Beline is only interested in his money. At the end of the play, the title character gives up his plan to make Thomas Diafoirus his son-in-law and allows his daughter Angelique to marry Cleante. For 10 points, name this Moliere comedy about Argan, who always thinks he is ill.", "answer": "The Imaginary Invalid [or Le Malade Imaginaire; or The Hypochondriac]", "page": "The_Imaginary_Invalid", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195fd", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102394, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 406], [407, 488], [489, 645], [646, 799], [800, 881]], "first_sentence": "In the opening of a scene of this play, a character notes to himself that he has been told to walk about his room twelve times, but forgets if it was lengthwise or across.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Because one chapter of this text includes a history of the Lombards, it was sometimes called the Lombardica Historia. The preface to this text divides the ecclesiastical year into four periods, corresponding to four periods in the history of the world. It includes a story of the destruction of a dragon residing in a pit in Rome, leading to one of this text's many tales of exorcism, dealing with Silvester, who's also the subject of one of its many etymologies. The writings of Jean de Mailly and Bartholomew of Trent are major sources for this text's stories. The story of St. Barbara derives almost entirely from this source text. After being derided for fancifulness by the humanists, this text resurged in popularity as a representation of the piety of the middle ages, and is now one of the standard references for medieval Christian lore. For 10 points, name this hagiographical collection by Jacobus de Voragine.", "answer": "The Golden Legend [or Legenda Aurea; or Legenda Sanctorum]", "page": "Golden_Legend", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195fe", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102395, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 252], [253, 463], [464, 562], [563, 634], [635, 846], [847, 921]], "first_sentence": "Because one chapter of this text includes a history of the Lombards, it was sometimes called the Lombardica Historia.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one campaign, this politician was accused of poisoning his opponent's ice water, so he promised to add an \"ice water guard\" to his security. He worked as a janitor while getting his undergrad degree at the now-defunct Marvin College, which still has a sign reading \"[this man] swept here.\" Together with Morris Sheppard, he co-sponsored an act which banned the sale of alcohol in Washington D.C., and he often spoke for the Anti-Saloon League. His purchase of a private home called Angles is detailed in his autobiography That Reminds Me. He was known as \"Iron Man\" for his tireless campaigning, such as his defeat of Happy Chandler in an election that caused the passage of the Hatch Act. This Kentucky politician's second marriage to Jane Hadley, a secretary for the Wabash Railroad, was historic because it happened while he was in office, as told in Jane's book I Married the Veep. For 10 points, name this man who became the oldest elected vice president in 1949, serving under Harry Truman.", "answer": "Alben William Barkley", "page": "Alben_W._Barkley", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b91540957195ff", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102396, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 292], [293, 446], [447, 541], [542, 692], [693, 888], [889, 999]], "first_sentence": "In one campaign, this politician was accused of poisoning his opponent's ice water, so he promised to add an \"ice water guard\" to his security.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These objects are classified based on pressure and weathering into the 6-point S and W scales. A current debate is whether the howardite-eucrite-diogenite, or HED, group of these objects can truly be tied to a single basaltic parent body. Unique samples of these objects were thoughtfully frozen after being discovered at Tagish Lake. A 1996 paper by Shu, Shang, and Lee proposed a theory of these objects which suggests that magneto-centrifugally driven winds made their calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions. Etching with a weak acid exposes bands of kamacite and taenite called Widmansta\u0308tten patterns in these objects. The iron-sulfur mineral troilite is characteristic of the \"iron\" type of these objects, whose \"stony\" type includes carbonaceous chondrites that may contain amino acids. For 10 points, name these pieces of debris, found on Earth, that originate with objects of extraterrestrial origin.", "answer": "meteorites [or meteors; or meteoroids; or chondrites]", "page": "Meteorite", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719600", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102397, "tokenizations": [[0, 94], [95, 238], [239, 334], [335, 505], [506, 617], [618, 787], [788, 903]], "first_sentence": "These objects are classified based on pressure and weathering into the 6-point S and W scales.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Simon Armitage borrowed the title and form of a poem about this event for his own poem about 9/11. Victoria Tammurai, her husband Richard, and their son Teddy partake in this event in a one-act Christopher Durang play, while the nouveau riche Thomas Morgan also witnesses it in Beryl Bainbridge's Every Man for Himself. A poem about this event mentions \"salamandrine fires\" and a \"grotesque, slimed, dumb, indifferent\" animal crawling. In that poem, this event occurs when \"the Spinner of the Years\" says \"Now!\" That poem, which appeared in Satires of Circumstance, consisting of eleven rhyming tercets, describes the \"Immanent Will\" ordaining this event, in which \"a Shape of Ice\" threatens \"a smart ship.\" For 10 points, Thomas Hardy's \"The Convergence of the Twain\" is about what 1912 maritime disaster?", "answer": "the sinking of the RMS Titanic", "page": "Sinking_of_the_RMS_Titanic", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719601", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102398, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 319], [320, 435], [436, 511], [512, 707], [708, 806]], "first_sentence": "Simon Armitage borrowed the title and form of a poem about this event for his own poem about 9/11.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One character in this novel used to practice making sad faces in the mirror while quoting Sydney Carton's lines from A Tale of Two Cities. After falling in love with the Irish Father Mulligan and joining a convent, another character in this novel obtains a diploma in ornamental gardening; that character is later humiliated when a group of protesters force her to wave a red flag and chant Communist slogans. A character in this novel thinks \"Two Thoughts\", namely that \"Anything can happen to anyone\" and \"It's best to be prepared\", while working at Paradise Pickles. During a performance of the Sound of Music in this novel, one of the protagonists is forced to masturbate a snack vendor. The \"Love Laws\" are a recurring motif in this novel, in which Sophie's drowning leads Baby Kochamma to accuse the untouchable Velutha of raping Ammu. For 10 points, name this novel that ends with the establishment of an incestuous relationship between the twins Rahel and Estha, the debut novel of Arundhati Roy.", "answer": "The God of Small Things", "page": "The_God_of_Small_Things", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719602", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102399, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 409], [410, 569], [570, 691], [692, 841], [842, 1004]], "first_sentence": "One character in this novel used to practice making sad faces in the mirror while quoting Sydney Carton's lines from A Tale of Two Cities.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One protein which regulates this substance is defective in ATRX syndrome. Rhabdoid tumors and choroid plexus carcinoma are linked to mutations in a gene which regulates this substance known as SMARCB1. ATP-dependent proteins which alter the structure of this substance include the ISWI, INO80, and NuRD protein families, which are \"remodelers\" of this substance. Proteins with a bromodomain motif recognize acetylated sites in this substance, which coils into a helical structure known as the 30 nm fiber. HP1 binds to the hetero- form of this material, which stains more darkly than its loosely-packed form. This substance is described as \"beads on a string,\" where the beads are nucleosomes. It consists of interphase DNA wrapped around histones. For 10 points, name this substance involved in packaging and protecting cellular DNA which condenses to form chromosomes.", "answer": "chromatin [or heterochromatin; or euchromatin; prompt on \"DNA\", \"histones\", \"chromosomes\", and \"nucleosomes\" until they are read]", "page": "Chromatin", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719603", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102400, "tokenizations": [[0, 73], [74, 201], [202, 362], [363, 505], [506, 608], [609, 693], [694, 748], [749, 870]], "first_sentence": "One protein which regulates this substance is defective in ATRX syndrome.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This writer gave a lecture stating that the hidden treasuries are a library's books, which he suggests men use to find a \"position in life.\" In another lecture, this writer stated that man's intellect is for creation, conquest and adventure, while a woman's intellect is for sweet ordering and decision, and that a woman's greatest function is Praise. This writer penned a series of epistles to the workers of Great Britain in his last work, Fors Clavigera. This author included \"Of Kings' Treasuries\" and \"Of Queen's Gardens\" in his collection Sesame and Lilies. In another work, he cites Oliver Wendell Holmes' line about a golden crocus to define the error of ascribing human emotions to inanimate things, which he calls the \"pathetic fallacy.\" That five-volume work by this writer defends the landscapes of J.M.W. Turner over the old masters. For 10 points, name this author of Modern Painters and The Stones of Venice, a Victorian art critic.", "answer": "John Ruskin", "page": "John_Ruskin", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719604", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102401, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [139, 140], [141, 351], [352, 457], [458, 563], [564, 746], [746, 846], [847, 947]], "first_sentence": "This writer gave a lecture stating that the hidden treasuries are a library's books, which he suggests men use to find a \"position in life.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This pope called a synod at Melfi where he controversially appointed the monk Rangerius to the see of Reggio. He was present at the Siege of Capua, where he conferred special privileges on the uncle of Roger Borsa. At another synod, this pope received the confession of Eupraxia of Kiev, who claimed that she was forced into orgies and a black mass. He excommunicated one ruler for his illegal marriage to Bertrade de Montfort, and another ruler for supporting his rival Clement III. This pope, who presided over the Council of Piacenza, was recorded by Fulcher of Chartres, and was originally a pupil of the man who founded the Carthusian Order, Saint Bruno of Cologne. This pope agreed to receive the ambassadors of Alexius I Comnenus, after which he gave a speech that evoked the chant \"God wills it!,\" inspiring men like Bohemond of Taranto. For 10 points, name this Pope who called the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.", "answer": "Pope Urban II [or Odo de Lagery; or Odo of Chatillon-sur-Marne; or Otho of Lagny; or Eudes; prompt on \"Pope Urban\"]", "page": "Pope_Urban_II", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719605", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102402, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 214], [215, 349], [350, 483], [484, 670], [671, 845], [846, 932]], "first_sentence": "This pope called a synod at Melfi where he controversially appointed the monk Rangerius to the see of Reggio.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The suggestion that Angelus Silesius inspired the final line of this work is discussed in James Atkinson's treatment of its author. At the end of this book, the author notes \"the problems of life have remained untouched\" even after \"all possible scientific questions have been answered,\" concluding that when \"there are no questions left ... this itself is the answer.\" This work claims that the theory of probability is founded on the fact that truth-functions can be arranged in series. A later section distinguishes between concepts and formal concepts, claiming that the use of formal concepts in propositions will result in \"senseless pseudo-propositions.\" This text was the only book its author published during his lifetime and introduces his \"picture theory of meaning.\" \"Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent\" according to, for 10 points, what set of numbered statements by Ludwig Wittgenstein?", "answer": "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus [or Logical-Philosophical Treatise; or Wittgenstein's Tractatus; prompt on \"Tractatus\"]", "page": "Tractatus_Logico-Philosophicus", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719606", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102403, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 368], [368, 488], [489, 660], [660, 778], [779, 918]], "first_sentence": "The suggestion that Angelus Silesius inspired the final line of this work is discussed in James Atkinson's treatment of its author.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A recurring theme in this work consists of rising sixteenth note-dotted eighth note pattern from a low E-flat to a G. Its first section opens with a descending B-flat minor scale in which each note is held by the strings until the entire scale is heard simultaneously. In its thirteenth section, an unusual passage for solo oboe slowly builds up with the return of many previous themes into a triumphant C major version of the \"sun theme\". Like its composer's Op. 35, this piece has the oboe and E-flat clarinet flutter-tongue to depict sheep grazing in a pasture. This work depicts a hunting party using 12 offstage horns, and its score also calls for a heckelphone, a wind machine and a thunder machine. A march for the lower strings with many upward leaps suggestive of climbing appears in its third section, \"The Ascent.\" For 10 points, name this musical depiction of a day in a European mountain range, a work by Richard Strauss that despite its name is actually a tone poem.", "answer": "An Alpine Symphony [or Eine Alpensinfonie; or Richard Strauss's Opus 64]", "page": "An_Alpine_Symphony", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719607", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102404, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 268], [269, 439], [440, 463], [464, 564], [565, 705], [706, 825], [826, 980]], "first_sentence": "A recurring theme in this work consists of rising sixteenth note-dotted eighth note pattern from a low E-flat to a G.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During one incident in this conflict, a force under Lieutenant Abraham Cuyler was surprised upon landing at Point Pelee, and barely escaped with three ships intact. Towards the end of this conflict, a group under porter master John Stedman was attacked after departing from Fort Schlosser, and reinforcements from John Wilkins failed to arrive in time. That event, called the Devil's Hole Massacre, may have been perpetrated by a figure known as Farmer's Brother. Donald Campbell had his body dismembered and his heart eaten after being taken prisoner in a siege that could not be resisted by Henry Gladwin, leading to the Battle of Bushy Run where Jeffrey Amherst failed to retake the region. This conflict, which began with the siege of Fort Detroit, led directly to issuance of the Proclamation of 1763. For 10 points, name this rebellion started by an Ottawa chief in the Great Lakes region.", "answer": "Pontiac's Rebellion [or Pontiac's War; or Pontiac's Conspiracy]", "page": "Pontiac's_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719608", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102405, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 352], [353, 463], [464, 693], [694, 806], [807, 895]], "first_sentence": "During one incident in this conflict, a force under Lieutenant Abraham Cuyler was surprised upon landing at Point Pelee, and barely escaped with three ships intact.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Wigner D-matrices can be expanded simply in terms of these functions. The fact that the sum of the squares of a subset of these functions equals a constant is used to prove Unsold's theorem. Applying the spin-raising operator to these functions yields their \"spin-weighted\" counterparts. Multiplying these functions by a factor of \"r raised to the l\" yields their \"solid\" counterparts. The simplest of these functions equals one over the square root of 4 pi. These functions of two variables can be reduced to functions of one variable by converting them to their associated Legendre polynomials. They are the eigenfunctions of the operators for the z-component of angular momentum and the square of angular momentum. The angular portion of the wavefunction of the hydrogen atom consists of these functions. For 10 points, name these functions denoted Y-lm which arise when solving Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates.", "answer": "spherical harmonics [or associated Legendre polynomials until \"Unsold's theorem\" is read]", "page": "Spherical_harmonics", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719609", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102406, "tokenizations": [[0, 73], [74, 194], [195, 291], [292, 389], [390, 462], [463, 600], [601, 721], [722, 811], [812, 930]], "first_sentence": "The Wigner D-matrices can be expanded simply in terms of these functions.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One character in this short story calls another a \"Rosicrucian\" while explaining his views on children's physical education, and is deemed a \"tiresome old red-nosed imbecile\" by the narrator. The narrator of this short story says that a certain word reminds him of \"the word gnomon in the Euclid and the word simony in the Catechism\", and gets annoyed when Old Cotter refers to him as a child. At its end, one of the title characters recounts an anecdote in which O'Rourke discovers a man laughing to himself in a confession box. Those title characters serve the narrator crackers and sherry while discussing their recently deceased family member, who had a mental breakdown after accidentally breaking a chalice. The narrator repeats the word \"paralysis\" to himself after his mentor, Father Flynn, dies of a stroke. For 10 points, name this first story in James Joyce's Dubliners.", "answer": "\"The Sisters\"", "page": "Sister", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571960a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102407, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [192, 393], [394, 529], [530, 713], [714, 816], [817, 881]], "first_sentence": "One character in this short story calls another a \"Rosicrucian\" while explaining his views on children's physical education, and is deemed a \"tiresome old red-nosed imbecile\" by the narrator.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the Mahabharata, the son of a god who has this role proves himself superior to the son of another god by knocking out his own teeth to give a beggar some alms. The Baltic god who served this role was married to Meness, who had an affair with Ausrine. The Gayatri mantra prominently mentions a Vedic deity responsible for an aspect of this domain called Savitr. Arvak and Alsvid serve one god of this domain, while another such god rides in a chariot pulled by seven horses. After Tecciztecatl proves to be too cowardly, Nanahuatzin calmly walks into a bonfire and becomes the final god of this domain in Aztec myth. The severed asura head Rahu in Hindu myth and the varg Sko\u0308ll in Norse myth both seek to devour the representation of a god of this domain. Heracles once received a golden goblet from a god with this role after he aimed at arrow at it when he became too hot. For 10 points, name this domain of gods like Surya and Helios.", "answer": "the Sun [or sun gods/goddesses/deities; or solar deities; or obvious equivalents]", "page": "Sun", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571960b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102408, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 253], [254, 363], [364, 476], [477, 618], [619, 758], [759, 877], [878, 940]], "first_sentence": "In the Mahabharata, the son of a god who has this role proves himself superior to the son of another god by knocking out his own teeth to give a beggar some alms.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "While in Gallipoli, this man was often visited in his prison, called the \"Tower of Strength.\" His followers eventually divided into family branches including Kapanc\u0131 and Yakubi. This man's birth is prophesied in a forged document titled \"The Great Wisdom of Solomon.\" His teacher Joseph Escapa excommunicated him after he was expelled for staging a wedding service in which he pretended to marry the Torah. Descendants of his followers were known as do\u0308nme, or converts; those descendants followed syncretic traditions drawing from Sufi Islam. Followed by Nathan of Gaza, this Romaniote preached in Salonica until he was forced into exile after proclaiming himself Eyn Sof, the Kabbalistic origin of all things. A book about him by Gershom Scholem is subtitled the \"Mystical Messiah.\" For 10 points, name this man who claimed to the Jewish messiah in the 17th century Ottoman Empire.", "answer": "Shabtai Tzvi [or Sabetay Sevi; or Shabbetai Zvi; or Sabbatai]", "page": "Sabbatai_Zevi", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571960c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102409, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [94, 177], [178, 267], [268, 406], [407, 543], [544, 664], [665, 711], [712, 784], [785, 883]], "first_sentence": "While in Gallipoli, this man was often visited in his prison, called the \"Tower of Strength.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A poem by this man that notes that \"Soft airs, and song, and light, and bloom\" should keep friends \"lingering by my tomb\" was praised by Edgar Allan Poe in \"The Poetic Principle\". Another of his poems contains the line \"Truth, crushed to earth, shall rise again\", which was quoted by MLK Jr. in his \"Give Us the Ballot\" speech. This author of \"June\" and \"Battle-field\" gained early popularity with a political satire that opens with the couplet \"When private faith and public trust are sold, and traitors barter liberty for gold\". He wrote a poem that describes a \"a Power whose care / teaches thy way along that pathless coast\" and asks its addressee if it \"seek'st\" the \"plashy brink\". That poem by this man notes that \"the abyss of heaven / Hath swallowed up\" the title figure, who is asked \"whither, midst falling dew [...] dost thou pursue thy solitary way?\" For 10 points, name this author of the anti-Jeffersonian poem \"The Embargo,\" a longtime editor of the New York Evening Post whose poems include \"To a Waterfowl.\"", "answer": "William Cullen Bryant", "page": "William_Cullen_Bryant", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571960d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102410, "tokenizations": [[0, 179], [180, 327], [328, 530], [531, 687], [688, 743], [744, 823], [823, 863], [864, 1025]], "first_sentence": "A poem by this man that notes that \"Soft airs, and song, and light, and bloom\" should keep friends \"lingering by my tomb\" was praised by Edgar Allan Poe in \"The Poetic Principle\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This element is used to reduce nitrogen oxides to elemental nitrogen in CHN analyzers. Indium, gallium, selenium, and this element make up a common thin-film solar cell. Plastocyanin and azurin are members of a class of redox-performing proteins which have \"blue centers\" named for this element. This element's chloride is used to regenerate the palladium chloride catalyst used to oxidize ethylene to acetaldehyde in the Wacker process. This element is in the +1 oxidation state in a catalyst used to form aryl halides from diazonium salts. This element and lithium are found in a class of compounds which selectively performs 1,4-conjugate additions to carbonyls. This element gives off a blueish-green color in the flame test, and it is used in the Sandmeyer reaction and Gilman reagents. For 10 points, name this element which forms an alloy with tin called bronze.", "answer": "copper", "page": "Copper", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571960e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102411, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 169], [170, 295], [296, 437], [438, 541], [542, 665], [666, 791], [792, 869]], "first_sentence": "This element is used to reduce nitrogen oxides to elemental nitrogen in CHN analyzers.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During this conflict, a group of five Benedictines, including Bishop Cassian Spiss, were waylaid and murdered by attackers who stole the bishop's mass kit, which was recovered in 1983. One side in this conflict wore headbands of millet stalks, and were led by men called \"white hen\" in homage to the god Chimulungu, who was worshiped in the Songea District. They called the opposing side \"red earth\" and referred to their military style as \"women's dance.\" The rebels in this conflict had success at Liwale and Samanga, before the troops of Gustav von Gotzen decimated the Ngoni camp near Mahenge. The rebel commander Kinjikitile Ngwale, supposedly possessed by the snake spirit Hongo, mixed castor oil into a potion that he promised would turn bullets to water. For 10 points, name this 1905 revolt in German East Africa, which translates in Swahili as \"Water-Water.\"", "answer": "Maji Maji Rebellion [or Maji Maji War]", "page": "Maji_Maji_Rebellion", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571960f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102412, "tokenizations": [[0, 184], [185, 357], [358, 455], [455, 597], [598, 762], [763, 868]], "first_sentence": "During this conflict, a group of five Benedictines, including Bishop Cassian Spiss, were waylaid and murdered by attackers who stole the bishop's mass kit, which was recovered in 1983.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Personal and vocational anxieties give rise to the \"pseudo-\" form of this phenomenon according to a model of Lionel Ovesey. Charles Socarides proposed the conflict model of this trait, suggesting that it arises from a drive that has undergone excessive transformation. The Rorschach, TAT and MAPS exams were given to thirty people with this quality by Evelyn Hooker, who found no linkage between it and intelligence. Irving Beiber conducted a 1962 study of 106 men with this condition, which he noted manifested as personality defects. In a 1935 letter, Sigmund Freud inferred a woman's son had this condition, even though she never explicitly stated it. This condition was removed as a mental disorder from the Diagnostic Statistical Manual in 1986. For 10 points, name this tendency that is indicated by a high value on the Kinsey scale, which was considered a psychosexual illness for much of the early twentieth century.", "answer": "homosexuality [or obvious equivalents, such as being gay or lesbian; do NOT accept bisexual, since all of these psychologists explicitly have an alternate theory of \"bisexuality\"]", "page": "Homosexuality", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719610", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102413, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 268], [269, 416], [417, 535], [536, 654], [655, 750], [751, 924]], "first_sentence": "Personal and vocational anxieties give rise to the \"pseudo-\" form of this phenomenon according to a model of Lionel Ovesey.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One part of this speech attacks the hypocrisy of those who \"hurl anathemas at the crowned headed tyrants of Russia and Austria\" and those who \"shed tears over fallen Hungary.\" This speech quotes Julius Caesar to say \"the evil that men do lives after them, the good is oft-interred with their bones.\" The speaker discusses his childhood as a resident of Fell's Point in Baltimore, where he observed Austin Woldfolk operating on Pratt Street. The speaker concludes by asking every heart to join him in reciting a poem that begins \"God speed the year of jubilee!\" and is entitled \"The Triumph of Freedom.\" This speech, delivered at Corinthian Hall to the Rochester Anti-Slavery Sewing Society in 1852, answers its title query by saying that it's just a \"day that reveals the gross injustice and cruelty\" to which the title person is a victim. For 10 points, name this speech given by Frederick Douglas, which attacks the hypocrisy of a patriotic American holiday.", "answer": "\"What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?\"", "page": "What_to_a_slave_is_the_4th_of_July?", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719611", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102414, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [174, 298], [298, 299], [300, 440], [441, 602], [603, 839], [840, 960]], "first_sentence": "One part of this speech attacks the hypocrisy of those who \"hurl anathemas at the crowned headed tyrants of Russia and Austria\" and those who \"shed tears over fallen Hungary.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "To paint one of his animal subjects in detail, this artist wired it to stakes and buried it in a snow drift. This artist painted a series of watercolors based on visits to the Adirondacks and depicted a group of women getting ready for \"Pinkster\"by sewing a man into his Harlequin costume in Carnival. This artist's witnessing of a woman being rescued by means of a breeches buoy inspired his work The Life Line. Earlier works including depictions of a veteran with a scythe and of General Barlow escorting Confederate prisoners grew out of his stint illustrating Civil War scenes for Harper's Weekly. Two barefoot boys are seen tumbling in front of a barn in a painting of his depicting a children's game, while another painting depicts a water spout in the upper right as a solitary black man lies on a boat surrounded by sharks. For 10 points, identify this American artist of Snap the Whip and The Gulf Stream.", "answer": "Winslow Homer", "page": "Winslow_Homer", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719612", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102415, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 301], [302, 412], [413, 601], [602, 831], [832, 914]], "first_sentence": "To paint one of his animal subjects in detail, this artist wired it to stakes and buried it in a snow drift.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character communicates with another by knocking on her skull, using one knock for yes, two for no, three for I don't know, and four for money. In his last appearance, this character is told \"don't fret...we're coming\" after he falls into a ditch. After this character's good leg goes stiff, he uses his crutches to crawl through a forest where he meets and eventually kills a charcoal burner. At one point, this character discloses that he averages a little over sixteen farts an hour, and he struggles to devise a system of organization for the sixteen stones he keeps in his pocket, his \"sucking stones\". He spends a year in the care of the motherly \"Mrs. Loy... or Lousse\" after killing her dog with his bicycle while on the way to see his mother. The messenger Gaber conveys a message from Youdi to the detective Jacques Moran, assigning the latter to track down this character. For 10 points, name this title character of a 1951 novel that precedes Malone Dies and The Unnamable in a trilogy by Samuel Beckett.", "answer": "Molloy", "page": "Molloy", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719613", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102416, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 251], [252, 397], [398, 611], [612, 755], [756, 887], [888, 1020]], "first_sentence": "This character communicates with another by knocking on her skull, using one knock for yes, two for no, three for I don't know, and four for money.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man gives his name to a spectroscopic technique of using atomic collisions to narrow Doppler Broadening. With his student H.M. Goldenberg, this scientist erroneously found that the sun had an oblate bulge of about 42 kilometers, though he later gave a tight limit on actual solar oblateness. Those solar experiments were designed to a test a theory that features an equation that sets the covariant wave operator equal to 8 pi times the stress energy tensor divided by 3 plus two times this scientist's namesake coupling constant. After he re-performed Lora\u0301nd Eo\u0308tvo\u0308s's experiment to confirm that inertial mass and gravitational mass were indistinguishable, this man and an alphabetically prior colleague developed a scalar-tensor alternative to general relativity For 10 points, name this cosmologist who proposed a theory of gravity with Carl Brans.", "answer": "Robert Dicke", "page": "Robert_H._Dicke", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719614", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102417, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 296], [297, 535], [536, 858]], "first_sentence": "This man gives his name to a spectroscopic technique of using atomic collisions to narrow Doppler Broadening.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "While serving as Minister of the Colonies, this man passed a law requiring any person intending to make movies or sound recordings to file a written request with the Lieutenant Governor of their colony. In a notable speech, he made a call for peace by referring to Stockholm as the \"polar star,\" associating him with the socialist group \"Bonnet rouge.\" This politician, who was supported by Otto Abetz, forcibly conscripted young men after his program to exchange one freed prisoner for three volunteers, called \"La Releve,\" did not gain support. He opposed the \"wait and see\" doctrine championed by his predecessor, Jean-Francois Darlan. This man proposed the transfer of Abyssinia to Italy in an agreement negotiated with Foreign Secretary Samuel Hoare in 1935. After a failed suicide attempt, he was executed at Fresnes prison in 1945, five years after becoming Minister of State under Henri Pe\u0301tain. For 10 points, name this prime minister of the Vichy regime in France.", "answer": "Pierre Laval", "page": "Pierre_Laval", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719615", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102418, "tokenizations": [[0, 202], [203, 351], [351, 352], [353, 546], [547, 638], [639, 763], [764, 903], [904, 974]], "first_sentence": "While serving as Minister of the Colonies, this man passed a law requiring any person intending to make movies or sound recordings to file a written request with the Lieutenant Governor of their colony.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this organization's founders attacked their nation's foreign policy in the speech \"Another View of Things.\" Before being executed, that person wrote a farewell letter ending with the declaration \"I am, I was, I shall be!\" Sailors possibly sympathetic towards this organization rioted after being denied pay during the Christmas Crisis. This organization was the first to publish the Red Flag newspaper, and its prominent members included August Thalheimer and Clara Zetkin. In one conflict, this organization's members were opposed by units lead Gustav Noske. The leaders of this organization were executed by members of the Freikorps after a failed revolt against Friedrich Ebert's government, including its founders Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxembourg. For 10 points, name this German Marxist group that launched a failed namesake uprising in January 1919.", "answer": "Spartacus League [or Spartacist League; or Spartakusbund", "page": "Spartacus_League", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719616", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102419, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 228], [229, 342], [343, 480], [481, 566], [567, 761], [762, 865]], "first_sentence": "One of this organization's founders attacked their nation's foreign policy in the speech \"Another View of Things.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "George Bataille theorized that this artwork is about the loss of narrative, which is effective since its source of power is a \"feeling of suppression [that] prevails.\" Yasumasa Morimura quoted the pose of this painting in his photograph Portraits (Twins). An anonymous review calls this painting's subject a \"grotesque in Indian rubber,\" while another review, which appeared in Le Monde Illustre, expresses disgust at the subject's \"greenish, bloodshot eyes.\" This painting was first exhibited in \"Room M\" immediately below its artist's other painting, Jesus Mocked by the Soldiers. Its title figure wears an orchid on her head, a gold bracelet with a black tassel, and has a black ribbon tied around her neck. In this painting, a black cat on the right leaves its muddy footprints on a bed, and a black servant holding flowers stands behind a nude Victorine Meurent, who suggestively gazes at the viewer. For 10 points, name this scandalous painting depicting a prostitute by Edouard Manet.", "answer": "Olympia", "page": "Olympia,_London", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719617", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102420, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [166, 167], [168, 255], [256, 458], [458, 582], [583, 710], [711, 905], [906, 991]], "first_sentence": "George Bataille theorized that this artwork is about the loss of narrative, which is effective since its source of power is a \"feeling of suppression [that] prevails.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Upon taking control, a governor of this territory had to deal with the Mina Uprising in the New Roads community, which led to the enactment of a slave code. A rebellion in this territory was quashed when Alexandre O'Reilly was sent with a fleet of 24 ships, and gained the nickname \"Bloody O'Reilly\" after executing the rebels at summary trials. After that insurrection, this territory was governed by a ten-member city council called the \"Illustrious Cabildo,\" though the original building dubbed the Cabildo was destroyed in a Great Fire heroically put out by its governor Estevan Miro. It was acquired by the Treaty of Fontainebleau and held for 38 years until it was secretly returned by the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. A governor of this territory conspired with James Wilkinson for commercial purposes after he wrote a letter to Madrid. For 10 points, name this Spanish territory in the New World that was centered at New Orleans.", "answer": "Louisiana [or New Orleans until it is read; prompt on \"New Spain\"]", "page": "Louisiana", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719618", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102421, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 345], [346, 588], [589, 726], [727, 845], [846, 939]], "first_sentence": "Upon taking control, a governor of this territory had to deal with the Mina Uprising in the New Roads community, which led to the enactment of a slave code.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Bukusu tribe of Kenya have a creator god Wele Khakaba who put a giant one of these creatures in the sky to create thunder and lightning. In the Analects, Confucius hears the sound of musical instruments and singing, and asks his disciple Tzu-yu why he would \"use an ox cleaver\" to kill one of these. Pope Gregory the Great claimed that this creature was the \"most suitable emblem of Christianity.\" A chameleon, a snail shell filled with dirt, and one of these animals was carried by the Yoruban god Olodumare when he descended to earth on a chain. In Matthew, Jesus addresses \"Jerusalem, Jerusalem\" and admonishes its people for refusing him when he wanted to gather its children together like this animal. The kapparot ritual in Judaism involves swinging one of these animals over one's head before Yom Kippur. The Supreme Court case Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah involved a local ordinance forbidding sacrifice of, for 10 points, what kosher fowl often killed by Santeria adherents?", "answer": "chickens [or rooster; or cockerel; or chicks; or hens; prompt on \"birds\" or \"fowl\"]", "page": "Chicken", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719619", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102422, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 303], [304, 401], [402, 502], [503, 551], [552, 710], [711, 815], [816, 1005]], "first_sentence": "The Bukusu tribe of Kenya have a creator god Wele Khakaba who put a giant one of these creatures in the sky to create thunder and lightning.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The brand name Vysis is used by a series of devices employed in this technique, which come in \"dual-fusion\" and \"break-apart\" variants. A common application of this technique is to detect the fusion of BCR and ABL. The techniques SKY and CGH are alternatives to a \"multiplex\" version of this technique which typically uses 24 different colors. It's not PCR, but telomere length can be determined using either a quantitative version of this technique or a version which combines this technique with flow cytometry. A stain such as DAPI can be used to label metaphase chromosomes attached to a glass slide in this technique. For 10 points, name this technique in which chromogenic or fluorescent probes are used to detect individual genetic sequences within chromosomes.", "answer": "in situ hybridization [or ISH; or fluorescent in situ hybridization; or chromogenic in situ hybridization; or FISH; or CISH; prompt on \"flow cytometry\" until it is read]", "page": "In_situ_hybridization", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571961a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102423, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 214], [215, 343], [344, 513], [514, 622], [623, 768]], "first_sentence": "The brand name Vysis is used by a series of devices employed in this technique, which come in \"dual-fusion\" and \"break-apart\" variants.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man included a refrain about being \"Welcomed gladly, and spurned by everyone\" in a poem which opens with a description of himself \"dying of thirst beside the fountain.\" Shortly before his death, this man published a joking quatrain proclaiming \"my neck will learn the weight of my ass.\" A poem by this man describes men \"rinsed and laundered by the rain, And by the sunlight dried and blackened too,\" who \"to and fro sway at the wind's fantasy.\" Jean Buridan's apocryphal death by drowning in the Seine is referenced in one of this man's poems, which mentions the burning of Joan of Arc before exhorting \"Nay, never ask this week, fair lord, Where they are gone, nor yet this year.\" Dante Gabriel Rossetti translated that poem, which features the refrain \"But where are the snows of yesteryear?\" For 10 points, name this French ne'er-do-well who wrote The Testament, which includes \"The Ballad of Dead Ladies.\"", "answer": "Franc\u0327ois Villon", "page": "Fran\u00e7ois_Villon", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571961b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102424, "tokenizations": [[0, 173], [174, 291], [292, 450], [451, 687], [688, 800], [801, 915]], "first_sentence": "This man included a refrain about being \"Welcomed gladly, and spurned by everyone\" in a poem which opens with a description of himself \"dying of thirst beside the fountain.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This idea was used by Per Krusell and Anthony Smith to critique Thomas Piketty's \"second law of capitalism.\" John Campbell and Gregory Mankiw estimated that about fifty percent of consumers display the behavior predicted by idea. Robert Hall showed that for quadratic utility, if one assumes that this statement is true, then consumption must follow a random walk. This statement was first proposed to explain Simon Kuznets' data showing no change in the savings rate since 1899 even as the savings rates across earnings percentiles differed. This idea is usually paired with Franco Modigliani's life-cycle hypothesis, and it was developed as a critique of John Maynard Keynes' concept of a consumption function. For 10 points, name this hypothesis which states that individuals smooth their consumption so that it is a constant fraction of lifetime earnings, which was proposed by Milton Friedman.", "answer": "life-cycle / permanent income hypothesis", "page": "Biological_life_cycle", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571961c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102425, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 229], [230, 364], [365, 542], [543, 712], [713, 898]], "first_sentence": "This idea was used by Per Krusell and Anthony Smith to critique Thomas Piketty's \"second law of capitalism.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An author from this country wrote a story whose title character says the words \"friend, water, friend, my friend\" with his last breath; the narrator of that story attempts to teach a chimpanzee to speak. The three narratives of a novel from this country include one centering on a woman in a Mexico City hospital who is visited by Beatriz and Pozzi and one about a government- sanctioned prostitute from the \"polar age\" named W218. \"Yzur\" is one of the stories from Strange Forces, a collection by an author from this country. Another author from this country wrote both the aforementioned Pubis Angelical and a novel in which Ne\u0301lida recounts her love for the late Juan Carlos Etchepare. A novel by that man includes a school essay about The Great Waltz called \"The Movie I Liked Best\", written by Toto Casals. For 10 points, name this home country of Leopoldo Lugones and the author of Heartbreak Tango and Betrayed by Rita Hayworth, Manuel Puig.", "answer": "Argentina [or the Argentine Republic; or Repu\u0301blica Argentina]", "page": "Argentina", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571961d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102426, "tokenizations": [[0, 203], [204, 431], [432, 433], [433, 526], [527, 688], [689, 811], [812, 948]], "first_sentence": "An author from this country wrote a story whose title character says the words \"friend, water, friend, my friend\" with his last breath; the narrator of that story attempts to teach a chimpanzee to speak.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At the request of his master, this man tried to kidnap the beauty Giulia Gonzaga - after he failed, he sacked the town of Sperlonga, and Giulia had a knight executed for seeing her naked. The force of this non-monarch allegedly gave up on a siege after the obese laundress Catherine Segurane mooned them. This man ordered that church bells not be rung because they disturbed his sleep while wintering his troops in Toulon, and he was assisted by a man called \"the Great Jew,\" Sinan Reis. He met with Antonio Rincon to negotiate an alliance between his monarch and Francis I, but his force was defeated at the Battle of Preveza by an allied fleet assembled by Pope Paul III in 1538. Both this man and his elder brother Oruc Reis shared the same nickname, and together they captured the province of Algiers for Suleiman the Magnificent. For 10 points, name this Barbary pirate turned Ottoman admiral, who took an Italian nickname previously held by a Holy Roman Emperor.", "answer": "Hayreddin Barbarossa [accept either underlined portion; or Khayr ad-Din; or Barbarossa Pasha]", "page": "Hayreddin_Barbarossa", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571961e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102427, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 304], [305, 487], [488, 681], [682, 834], [835, 968]], "first_sentence": "At the request of his master, this man tried to kidnap the beauty Giulia Gonzaga - after he failed, he sacked the town of Sperlonga, and Giulia had a knight executed for seeing her naked.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 2009, Salvatore Di Vittorio completed the A minor violin concerto by this composer. One of this man's compositions shares its name with a cycle of guitar variations by Mauro Giuliani and \"freely transcribes\" several pieces from its namesake's Sins of Old Age. A suite by this composer that begins with an adaptation of \"Il Conte Orlando\" ends with a section that alternates between a passo mezzo and a mascherada. Strings play an undulating theme in a movement by this composer in which the crescendo of the orchestra illustrates the opening of a half-shell. Pieces attributed to Marin Mersenne and Vincenzo Galilei appear in a set of suites by this man inspired by Renaissance lute music. This composer of Rossiniana and the Botticelli Triptych used a recorded nightingale at the end of a nocturne depicting the Janiculum in a work that opens with a representation of children playing at the Villa Borghese. For 10 points, name this composer of Ancient Airs and Dances and The Pines of Rome.", "answer": "Ottorino Respighi", "page": "Ottorino_Respighi", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719620", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102429, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 262], [263, 416], [417, 561], [562, 692], [693, 911], [912, 995]], "first_sentence": "In 2009, Salvatore Di Vittorio completed the A minor violin concerto by this composer.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The 1959 case of Beacon Theatresv. Westover held that claims of this nature must be decided only after a jury has resolved all other claims presented in an action. A book about the principles of this area of law by Lord Kames cites the maxim that it \"acts in personam\" and not \"in rem.\" When a creditor has the right to have his lien satisfied from a particular piece of property without having possession of that property, his lien is referred to by this adjective. The doctrine of laches and the doctrine of unclean hands are these types of defenses, which deny relief to a plaintiff that has acted in bad faith. In contract law, these remedies include rescission, reformation, and specific performance. This area of law is said to \"regard as done that which ought to be done,\" and it affords relief such as an injunction rather than a judgment for money damages. For 10 points, name this power held by certain courts to avoid the strict confines of the law, in order to achieve a fair result.", "answer": "equity [or equitable remedies]", "page": "Equitable_remedy", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719621", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102430, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 285], [285, 466], [467, 614], [615, 705], [706, 865], [866, 995]], "first_sentence": "The 1959 case of Beacon Theatresv. Westover held that claims of this nature must be decided only after a jury has resolved all other claims presented in an action.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A novel set in this country includes a woman who frequently denounces \"highbrows\" and orders her servants to burn the smelly leopard-skin rug gifted to her by the protagonist, who has a blue birthmark on his cheek. In a story set in this country, the narrator sees a prisoner step around a puddle and hears him mutter \"Ram! Ram! Ram!\" while standing on the gallows. In this country, a crowd yells \"with hideous laughter\" after a character is tripped during a soccer game. A novel set in this country follows John Flory, who tries to get a non-white person admitted to the European Club. \"A Hanging\" is set in this country, as is an essay which notes that \"When the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys\" and describes how the narrator finds an animal that had killed its mahout calmly eating in a paddy field. For 10 points, name this setting of \"Shooting an Elephant\", a country whose \"Days\" are the subject of a George Orwell novel.", "answer": "Burma [or Myanmar]", "page": "Myanmar", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719622", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102431, "tokenizations": [[0, 214], [215, 323], [324, 328], [329, 334], [335, 365], [366, 471], [472, 586], [587, 588], [588, 833], [834, 958]], "first_sentence": "A novel set in this country includes a woman who frequently denounces \"highbrows\" and orders her servants to burn the smelly leopard-skin rug gifted to her by the protagonist, who has a blue birthmark on his cheek.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This concept is said to be immanent and mythical, but not transcendental in Thomas Flanagan's treatment of it. In The Banquet, Dante uses this concept to explain why a man at Falterona found a collection of silver. This concept is held to be the \"arbiter of one half our actions\" according to an author who suggested that virtu, or man's force, can oppose, but not ultimately conquer this concept. In another work, songs titled \"Nero's Infamy\" and \"Glory May Not Last\" precede discussions in which the title figure analogizes this idea to an inconstant game. Niccolo Machiavelli suggested that it needs to be \"beaten and coerced\" like a woman in the twenty-fifth chapter of The Prince. The rise and fall of man is likened to a personification of this concept spinning and turning a wheel in The Consolation of Philosophy. For 10 points, name this medieval concept of things that are beyond one's control, which takes its name from a Roman goddess.", "answer": "fortuna [or fortune; do not accept or prompt on \"luck\"]", "page": "Fortuna", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719623", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102432, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 214], [215, 397], [398, 458], [459, 558], [559, 685], [686, 821], [822, 947]], "first_sentence": "This concept is said to be immanent and mythical, but not transcendental in Thomas Flanagan's treatment of it.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This condition in its original form was shown to be impossible for systems with dimension greater than two in papers by Plancherel and Rosenthal. Birkhoff showed that this property is equivalent to a system having no invariant proper subspaces, the condition of metric transitivity. This condition is the weakest in a chain of systems with the Bernoulli property, K property, and mixing, all of which imply this condition. A computer simulation showed that this condition was not present in a 1D lattice of anharmonic oscillators, a result which surprised Fermi, Pasta, and Ulam. This condition does not exist on the \"invariant KAM tori,\" and it is a requirement for the equipartition theorem to hold. A statement of this condition is that the time average of an observable is equal to its ensemble average. For 10 points, name this property of some types of dynamical systems which means that every microstate is equally likely.", "answer": "ergodicity [or word forms, such as the ergodic hypothesis]", "page": "Ergodicity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719624", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102433, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 282], [283, 422], [423, 579], [580, 701], [702, 807], [808, 929]], "first_sentence": "This condition in its original form was shown to be impossible for systems with dimension greater than two in papers by Plancherel and Rosenthal.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A panel at this ancient city shows its ruler transferring power to his son Chan Bahlum by handing him a scepter. That ruler inherited the throne of this city from his mother, known by scholars as Lady Beastie, which endangered his rule. This city, which fought several wars with the nearby site of Tonina\u0301 to the south, contains a skeleton covered in cinnabar powder at its recently-discovered Tomb of the Red Queen. The French explorer Jean-Fre\u0301de\u0301ric Waldeck resided for a time at this city, where a leafy corn plant mural is located at its \"foliated cross\" complex. This site is home to the Temple of the Count, the Temple of Inscriptions, and the Temple of the Cross, all of which were built a ruler who's shown in a mural entering the jaws of the underworld monster. That ruler was Pacal the Great. For 10 points, name this most significant archeological site in the state of Chiapas, which was a smaller Mayan city than either Tikal or Copa\u0301n.", "answer": "Palenque [or Baak]", "page": "Palenque", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719625", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102434, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 236], [237, 416], [417, 568], [569, 771], [772, 803], [804, 949]], "first_sentence": "A panel at this ancient city shows its ruler transferring power to his son Chan Bahlum by handing him a scepter.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A photographer from this country captured a blurry hand in the photo Typist, and sought to capture the occult in his artworks by employing an \"algebra of movement.\" A critic from here sought to teach authors about \"The Pleasure of Being Booed.\" An artist from this country argued that \"ancient life was all silence\" in his letter The Art of Noises, and he created a series of musical instruments for his \"noise concerts.\" A fashion designer from this country created a series of \"anti-neutral\" suits and created an artwork in which he sought to \"murder the moonlight.\" A poet from here called museums the \"absurd abattoirs of painters\" where \"sculptors ferociously slaughter each other\" and declared that \"war is the world's only hygiene.\" A sculptor from here conveyed the dynamism of speed with his sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space. For 10 points, name this home country of the Futurist movement.", "answer": "Italy [the artists are Anton Bragaglia, Luigi Rossolo, F.T. Marinetti, Giacomo Balla, and Umberto Boccioni]", "page": "Italy", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719626", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102435, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 244], [245, 421], [422, 567], [567, 739], [740, 847], [848, 911]], "first_sentence": "A photographer from this country captured a blurry hand in the photo Typist, and sought to capture the occult in his artworks by employing an \"algebra of movement.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man is described as frequently using the word \"Bird\", including asking his friends \"How's your bird?\" This man asks another person if he is \"expecting a storm\" after asking where that guy, the writer of the screenplay for The Oscar, gets his boots. This man then declares that no one be allowed into the room without a coat and tie after the other man leaves. After watching a documentary about himself, he receives a telegram from a man named Jilly stating \"WE RULE THE WORLD\". This man is referred to as an \"uomini respetati\" or \"man of respect\", and is also frequently referred to as \"Il Padrone\". He recalls arguing with Eddie Fisher's fans outside of a recording studio and fails to procure front row seats at a boxing match for Joey Bishop and his wife. A scene in which his voice cracks after he sings a song named for his daughter appears in an Esquire profile for which he refused to be interviewed. For 10 points, name this man, the subject of a Gay Talese article in which he \"Has A Cold\".", "answer": "Frank Sinatra [or Francis Albert Sinatra]", "page": "Frank_Sinatra", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719627", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102436, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [105, 253], [254, 364], [365, 466], [467, 483], [484, 605], [606, 764], [765, 913], [914, 1005]], "first_sentence": "This man is described as frequently using the word \"Bird\", including asking his friends \"How's your bird?", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character claims that a boy leaning on a headless spear is \"fated to hold a place nearest the light\".After meeting King Anius, this man misinterprets a prophecy from Apollo based on his memory of Teucer having sailed from Crete. In another appearance, this man determines that both war and peace are heralded by the appearance of four white horses. Nisus helps Euryalus win a foot race and an arrow shot by Acestes bursts into flames at this man's funeral games, which take place after his death in Drepanum. The appearance of a shooting star and the sudden unearthly fire surrounding another character's head finally convince this character to accompany his son. This man bragged about his two-week lovemaking session with a disguised goddess until Zeus crippled him with a lightning bolt, which is why he is forced to escape Troy on his son's shoulders. For 10 points, name this grandfather of Ascanius, whose affair with Venus resulted in the birth of his son Aeneas.", "answer": "Anchises", "page": "Anchises", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719628", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102437, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 233], [234, 353], [354, 513], [514, 668], [669, 860], [861, 975]], "first_sentence": "This character claims that a boy leaning on a headless spear is \"fated to hold a place nearest the light\".After meeting", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Many of these systems were divested from utility companies by the Wheeler-Rayburn Act. The African-American schoolteacher Elizabeth Jennings Graham was defended by Chester Arthur in a case which desegregated these systems in Man- hattan. An attempt by William McAdoo to expand one of these systems led to a battle with C.C. Howell in Knoxville, Tennessee, which forced McAdoo out of Tennessee. Edwin J. Quinby and Bradford Snell alleged that Alfred Sloan created a special unit to work on destroying these systems, in what they called the \"Great American\" scandal. These systems were oper- ated by \"traction magnates,\" who included Charles Tyson Yerkes on the North side of Chicago. Many of these systems were dismantled by a consortium owned by General Motors, Standard Oil, and Firestone. For 10 points, name this form of public transportation superseded by buses and exemplified by the cable-cars of San Francisco.", "answer": "streetcars [or trolleys; or trams; or tramways; or tramcars; or electric railways; or grip cars]", "page": "Tram", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b9154095719629", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102438, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 237], [238, 393], [394, 564], [565, 589], [590, 682], [683, 790], [791, 917]], "first_sentence": "Many of these systems were divested from utility companies by the Wheeler-Rayburn Act.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A computation by Sear and Warren showed that this structure has a negative contribution to tension on protein and salt solution interface. The maximum capacitance occurs when carbon electrode pore size equals the ion size in capacitors which rely on this structure. The charge density at these structures is proportional to the hyperbolic sine of e z times the potential times beta in the Grahame equation. The diffuse section of this structure usually begins at the outer Helmholtz plane. The lack of this structure at a protein's isoelectric point is the reason that proteins at that point coagulate so easily. These structures exist in equilibrium of attractive van der Waals forces and repulsive electric force in the DLVO theory of colloids and the potential at their slipping planes is the zeta potential. For 10 points, Gouy-Chapman theory describes what electrical structure in which a surface charge attracts a second level of oppositely charged ions?", "answer": "electrical double layer [or diffuse layer; or answers that mention the words \"interfacial,\" \"Helmholtz,\" \"Stern,\" or \"Gouy-Chapman,\" as long as the words double layer or diffuse layer are given]", "page": "Double_layer_(surface_science)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571962a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102439, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 265], [266, 406], [407, 489], [490, 612], [613, 811], [812, 960]], "first_sentence": "A computation by Sear and Warren showed that this structure has a negative contribution to tension on protein and salt solution interface.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During a lengthy, opium-induced slumber, the protagonist of this novel dreams of visiting Mount Parnassus on a flying chair. A character in this novel has to walk to town behind a flatulent horse after being unable to come up with a rhyme for \"month.\" Three brothers in this novel are revealed to be descendants of a missionary who was allowed to sleep with all of a village's women before being burnt alive for spitting on a muskrat idol. The pirates Captain Skurry and Captain Sly appear in this novel, which also describes an aphrodisiac made from the \"Sacred Eggplant.\" After being thrown overboard the Poseidon with his valet, the protagonist of this novel saves an African slave he calls Dirkpecker. At the end of this novel, the protagonist consummates his marriage with the syphilitic prostitute Joan Toast, and his tutor Henry Burlingame III leaves to live among the Indians. The main character is commissioned to write an epic Marylandiad, but pens the title satire instead. For 10 points, name this novel about Ebenezer Cooke by John Barth.", "answer": "The Sot-Weed Factor", "page": "The_Sot-Weed_Factor", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571962b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102440, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 250], [250, 251], [252, 439], [440, 573], [574, 705], [706, 884], [885, 984], [985, 1051]], "first_sentence": "During a lengthy, opium-induced slumber, the protagonist of this novel dreams of visiting Mount Parnassus on a flying chair.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The H93G mutant of this protein can be used to model the class of proteins to which this protein belongs. This protein reduces nitrites to generate nitric oxide 36 times faster than a related protein. This protein is present in the urine of patients with malignant hyperthermia, phosphofructokinase deficiency, and McArdle's disease. This 153 amino acid protein contains 8 right handed alpha-helices, which comprise 75% of its secondary structure. The presence of this nephrotoxic protein in urine is an indicator of rhabdomyolysis. This protein's distal histidine stabilizes the non-cooperative binding of it to its major ligand. The red color of meat is caused by this protein, which allows deep diving mammals to hold their breaths for a very long time. For 10 points, name this protein that carries oxygen in muscle tissue.", "answer": "myoglobin", "page": "Myoglobin", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571962c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102441, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 200], [201, 333], [334, 447], [448, 532], [533, 630], [631, 756], [757, 827]], "first_sentence": "The H93G mutant of this protein can be used to model the class of proteins to which this protein belongs.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel wonders whether her boyfriend Ryk wants to marry her or a black girl; that character has a conversation about how stars actually throb rather than twinkle with another lover. That lover joins a group of wild horsemen on the Isle des Chevaliers at the end of this novel after being piloted there by The\u0301re\u0300se. In this novel's first chapter, Margaret's hopes that her son Michael will come home for Christmas are dismissed by her husband Valerian. One of the main characters of this novel is a poor sailor who washes up at the estate of the Streets, the family who sponsors the modeling career of its other main character. Son and Jadine are the protagonists of this novel, which is named for an object that is punched and kicked when it doesn't respond to a character who later tricks the object's creator into throwing him into a brier patch. For 10 points, name this Toni Morrison novel that shares its name with a sticky object used by Br'er Fox to entrap Br'er Rabbit.", "answer": "Tar Baby", "page": "Tar-Baby", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571962d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102442, "tokenizations": [[0, 200], [201, 334], [335, 471], [472, 646], [647, 868], [869, 997]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel wonders whether her boyfriend Ryk wants to marry her or a black girl; that character has a conversation about how stars actually throb rather than twinkle with another lover.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A social scientist born in this country argued that individuals' \"in-groups\" and \"out-groups\" are a source of self-esteem as part of social identity theory. A social scientist from this country posited a \"pointillist\" conception of time in Consuming Life. This birthplace of Henri Tajfel was the birthplace of the University of Leeds professor who claimed the title event is neither a \"Jewish problem\" or a \"German Problem\" in Modernity and the Holocaust. A sociologist from this country claimed that humanity was not in an era of postmodernity but liquid modernity. In a 1922 book, another social scientist from this country examined the building of the waga and noted that necklaces passed clockwise while bracelets moved counter-clockwise in an analysis of the kula ring. For 10 points, name this home country of the author of Argonauts of the Western Pacific, Bronislaw Malinowski.", "answer": "Republic of Poland", "page": "Poland", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85770b915409571962e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102443, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 255], [256, 455], [456, 566], [567, 774], [775, 885]], "first_sentence": "A social scientist born in this country argued that individuals' \"in-groups\" and \"out-groups\" are a source of self-esteem as part of social identity theory.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 2005 biography of this man by Vincent Carretta uses a baptism record and a ship's muster to question traditional accounts of his birth. This man informed Granville Sharp about an incident where slaves had been thrown into the sea to collect insurance proceeds, known as the Zong massacre. Late in life, he became an assistant to a scientist who experimented on the purification of saltwater, Charles Irving, and he married Susanna Cullen. He refused a business offer from Robert King after paying him forty pounds, and joined the London Corresponding Society after moving back to England. Michael Pascal, a lieutenant in the Royal Navy, renamed this man, whose life among the Igbo people and kidnapping with his sister became part of his \"Interesting Narrative.\" For 10 points, name this figure, also known as Gustavus Vassa, who wrote a well-known slave narrative.", "answer": "Olaudah Equiano [or Gustavus Vassa until it is read]", "page": "Olaudah_Equiano", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b915409571962f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102444, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 290], [291, 440], [441, 590], [591, 764], [765, 867]], "first_sentence": "A 2005 biography of this man by Vincent Carretta uses a baptism record and a ship's muster to question traditional accounts of his birth.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of these figures carelessly drags a string of coins earned from castanet performances around behind them, and is often depicted as androgynous. Another of these figures received a dream as a teenager advising her to subsist entirely on powdered mica or mother of pearl. They're not loa, but these figures can \"descend\" and possess the bodies of men during a certain harvest festival. Many of these figures are depicted carrying fly whisks, and several of them were taken to heaven by cranes. One of these figures owned a white donkey that he could fold up and put in his pocket, while another returned from a spirit journey to find that his mortal body had been cremated, forcing him to possess a decrepit beggar and walk with an iron crutch. A member of this group leapt to his feet as a seven-day-old baby and announced that his name was \"recorded in the capital of the Jade Emperor.\" For 10 points, name this group including Zhongli Quan, Lu Dongbin, and Li Tieguai, who are known in Daoism for their infinite lifespan.", "answer": "the Eight Immortals [or Baxian; or the Eight Genies]", "page": "Eight_Immortals", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719630", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102445, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 273], [274, 387], [388, 495], [496, 746], [747, 890], [891, 1026]], "first_sentence": "One of these figures carelessly drags a string of coins earned from castanet performances around behind them, and is often depicted as androgynous.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A May 2012 paper attributed this man's success to \"Quality Versus Junk\" and \"Betting Against Beta\" and cited the effects of 1.6 times leverage; that paper discussed this man's alpha. This man used the example of a group of coin-flipping orangutans that all come from the same zoo in\"The Superinvestors of Graham-and-Doddsville,\" which mentions his partner Charlie Munger and advocates value investing. This man has noted the importance of insurance float as a reason for his company's ownership of GEICO; in 2008 that company made a major preferred stock and warrant investment in Goldman Sachs. This man's decision to donate his wealth to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation inspired the Giving Pledge, and his comments about his secretary's tax rate relative to his own inspired a namesake tax on high income individuals. For 10 points, name this billionaire investor who leads Berkshire Hathaway.", "answer": "Warren Edward Buffett", "page": "Warren_Buffett", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719631", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102446, "tokenizations": [[0, 182], [183, 401], [402, 595], [596, 825], [826, 901]], "first_sentence": "A May 2012 paper attributed this man's success to \"Quality Versus Junk\" and \"Betting Against Beta\" and cited the effects of 1.6 times leverage; that paper discussed this man's alpha.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Degradation and aggradation leads to a quasi-equilibrium in Stanley Schumm's model of the metamorphosis of these systems. Given all of their components, the magnitude of these networks can be calculated using Shreve's ordering system. By con- structing a longitudinal profile of these systems, one can determine their \"knickpoints.\" The bifurcation ratio of these networks characterizes their topology and can be calculated by finding their Strahler number. In geology, the process by which parts of these systems reconverge is anastomosis. The process in which parts of these systems are abandoned and added is called avulsion. Isoetids often grow at the riparian zone, the edge of these entities. The movement of these systems can lead to the creation of anti-dunes, as well as rills, gullies, and arroyos. For 10 points, the meandering of what systems can lead to the formation of an oxbow lake?", "answer": "river systems [or fluvial systems; or stream systems; or tributary systems; or channel systems]", "page": "Drainage_system_(geomorphology)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719632", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102447, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 234], [235, 332], [333, 457], [458, 540], [541, 628], [629, 698], [699, 808], [809, 898]], "first_sentence": "Degradation and aggradation leads to a quasi-equilibrium in Stanley Schumm's model of the metamorphosis of these systems.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Minor works attributed to this author include a 4600-line hagiography of Aethelthryth of Ely, or St. Audrey, and a translation of the Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick. One of this author's original poems concerns a soldier who is offered infinite wealth by a lady whose meadow pavilion is invisible to everyone but him. Another poem by this author uses the metaphor of a hazel tree intertwined with wild honeysuckle to retell the story of Tristan and Isolde. A chapter of Giorgio Agamben's Homo Sacer examines a poem by this author in which a baron bites off his unfaithful wife's nose before he is revealed to be a werewolf. Those poems, Lanval, Chevrefoil, and Bisclavret, are examples of a poetic form which this author developed while working under the patronage of Eleanor of Aquitaine. For 10 points, name this female poet who authored the oldest surviving \"lays\" and whose epithet may refer to her birthplace in Brittany.", "answer": "Marie de France [prompt on \"Marie\"]", "page": "Marie_de_France", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719633", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102448, "tokenizations": [[0, 173], [174, 325], [326, 464], [465, 631], [632, 797], [798, 934]], "first_sentence": "Minor works attributed to this author include a 4600-line hagiography of Aethelthryth of Ely, or St. Audrey, and a translation of the Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The town of Eger in Hungary is home to one of these structures that marks the northernmost point of Ottoman expansion. One of these structures was hypothesized to be the last standing monument of the lost city of Turquoise Mountain, and was built to celebrate the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan by a ruler of the Ghurid Dynasty\u0096that one is at the site of Jam. The founder of the Ahmadiyya movement, Mirza Ahmad, built a white one at Qadian to fulfill a hadith about the descent of Jesus. The tallest one in the world was designed by French architect Michel Pinseau, at the bidding of King Hassan II. The first ruler of the Delhi Sultanate built one called the Qutb (kut-ub), named in honor of its dedicatee, a Sufi mystic. Traditionally, the adhan or call to prayer is given from the gallery of one of these structures by a muezzin. For 10 points, name these tall spires that are often attached to mosques.", "answer": "minarets [or minars; or menare; or manara; or munnaaru]", "page": "Minaret", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719634", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102449, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 317], [318, 357], [358, 485], [486, 597], [598, 720], [721, 830], [831, 904]], "first_sentence": "The town of Eger in Hungary is home to one of these structures that marks the northernmost point of Ottoman expansion.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During a slow to fast transition in this work, an accelerating descending chromatic scale is played before a Mannheim Roller on a rapid octave C accompaniment. A G-C-D-E flat motif begins the rondo theme of the third movement of this work, and is transposed into E flat minor and passed between the hands in the second theme of its first movement. Its first movement includes a passage where a descending scale is played on thirty-second, then sixty-fourth, then hundred-twenty-eighth notes. Edward Elgar claimed that the opening of the \"Nimrod\" Enigma Variation was based on this composition, which was dedicated to Prince Karl Lichnowsky. It begins with a first movement Grave section on a long solid C minor chord. Its A-flat major andante cantabile second movement bears a strong resemblance to Mozart's C-minor 14th composition in the same genre. For 10 points, name this Beethoven composition for a solo keyboard instrument that shares its nickname with Tchaikovsky's sixth symphony.", "answer": "the Pathetique Sonata [or the Grande Sonate Pathetique; or Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 8 in C Minor; or Ludwig van Beethoven's opus 13; prompt on partial answers; \"Beethoven\" is not needed after it is read]", "page": "Piano_Sonata_No._8_(Beethoven)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719635", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102450, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 347], [348, 491], [492, 640], [641, 717], [718, 851], [852, 989]], "first_sentence": "During a slow to fast transition in this work, an accelerating descending chromatic scale is played before a Mannheim Roller on a rapid octave C accompaniment.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This period is the subject of three chronicles known as the Commentaries of G \u0304ongya\u0301ng, Gu\u02c7lia\u0301ng, and Zuo. One method of organizing this era divides it into the ages of regional cultures, encroachments, and reforms. A minister near the end of this period wrote two manuals - one on fish farming, and one laying out the \"twelve golden rules\" for business success. That minister is also said to have discovered the beautiful Xi Shi, and lived with her on a boat in Taihu Lake. The chancellor Guan Zhong stabilized this period by introducing the ba\u0301 system, which installed a series of five hegemons beginning with Duke Huan. This period, which ended with the partition of the State of Jin, also featured the Hundred Schools of Thought, and it was the first portion of the Eastern Zhou dynasty. For 10 points, name this period followed by the Warring States, which is the namesake of some annals that are a Classic of Chinese literature.", "answer": "Spring and Autumn Period [or Chu \u0304nqiu \u0304 Shi\u0301da\u0300i; prompt on \"Eastern Zhou Dynasty\"]", "page": "Spring_and_Autumn_period", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719636", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102451, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 217], [218, 364], [365, 476], [477, 624], [625, 793], [794, 936]], "first_sentence": "This period is the subject of three chronicles known as the Commentaries of G \u0304ongya\u0301ng, Gu\u02c7lia\u0301ng, and Zuo.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One story by this author has the moral that \"if your godfathers and godmothers at your baptism give you a pretty name, you will probably marry the most beautiful woman in the world and live happily ever afterwards.\" In another story by this author, Millicent's family calls her \"most selfish\" for burdening them with the secret of how she killed her husband with a Malay sword. In addition to \"The Choice of Amyntas\" and \"Before the Party,\" this author wrote a story in which Lawson drowns himself in \"The Pool\" following years of marriage to a Samoan girl, and also penned a detective story called \"Footprints in the Jungle.\" A set of linked stories by this author follows the title spy as he works for R. and encounters nefarious characters like the \"hairless Mexican.\" For 10 points, name this author who fictionalized his experience in British intelligence in the collection Ashenden and also wrote about Davidson's attempt to rescue Sadie Thompson from prostitution in the story \"Rain.\"", "answer": "W. Somerset Maugham [or William Somerset Maugham]", "page": "W._Somerset_Maugham", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719637", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102452, "tokenizations": [[0, 215], [216, 377], [378, 626], [627, 771], [772, 991]], "first_sentence": "One story by this author has the moral that \"if your godfathers and godmothers at your baptism give you a pretty name, you will probably marry the most beautiful woman in the world and live happily ever afterwards.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An album in this style features the thirty minute track \"The Creator Has a Master Plan\" and is titled Karma. A man who pioneered this style had his ten year old son Denardo play the drums on their album The Fox Hole. A pioneer of this style originally received his nickname \"Pharaoh\" when he joined Sun Ra's Arkestra. It titles an album whose second and final track is called \"First Take,\" and whose first track was performed by a \"double quartet\" consisting of Freddie Hubbard and Eric Dolphy. The songs \"Focus on Sanity\" and \"Lonely Woman\" were composed for another album in this style, The Shape of Jazz to Come. This style is so named because fixed instrumental roles were ignored and improvisation was done in the namesake style. For 10 points, name this style of jazz pioneered by Ornette Coleman, which broke down the conventions of bebop and modal jazz.", "answer": "free jazz", "page": "Free_jazz", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719638", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102453, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 202], [203, 216], [217, 317], [318, 494], [495, 615], [616, 734], [735, 861]], "first_sentence": "An album in this style features the thirty minute track \"The Creator Has a Master Plan\" and is titled Karma.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Elliptic regularization of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation led to the development of solutions named after this quantity for nonlinear degenerate elliptic equations. When Burgers' equation is solved in the limit where this quantity approaches zero, the solution possesses a shock discontinuity. This quantity is the central variable to the transport equation in the Spalart-Allmaras model. The dynamic response caused by a material possessing this property is quantified by the loss modulus. One form of this quantity serves as a diffusion coefficient for linear momentum. The length scale over which this quantity is significant can be calculated with the Blasius formula. This quantity acquires time dependence in rheopectic and thixotropic materials. The effects of this quantity are significant only inside the boundary layer. This quantity is equal to the ratio of shear stress to shear rate, and it comes in dynamic and kinematic types. For 10 points, name this quantity which is constant for Newtonian fluids.", "answer": "viscosity [or kinematic viscosity; or dynamic viscosity; or eddy viscosity]", "page": "Viscosity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719639", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102454, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 291], [292, 386], [387, 488], [489, 569], [570, 670], [671, 750], [751, 827], [828, 939], [940, 1013]], "first_sentence": "Elliptic regularization of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation led to the development of solutions named after this quantity for nonlinear degenerate elliptic equations.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This dynasty's power was weakened after a member issued a Testament creating the Seniorate Province as part of a plan to split his kingdom between his four heirs, and his widow Salomea of Berg. One branch of this house, which included rulers known as \"Tanglefoot\" and \"the Exile,\" was surrendered after this dynasty's final ruler signed the Treaty of Trentschin renouncing its claim to Silesia. Earlier, when this dynasty's ruler Henry II the Pious was killed at the Battle of Legnica, its Silesian branch was left exposed. Its final ruler succeeded a king known as the \"Elbow-High\" for his short stature, and extended protection to Jewish citizens. This dynasty's second king lent his army to the Kievan Rus' ruler Sviatopolk to battle Yaroslav the Wise, and inherited this dynasty from Mieszko I. For 10 points, name this dynasty which included Casimir the Great and Boleslaw the Brave, the first ruling house of Poland, which should not be confused with the Premyslids.", "answer": "Piast dynasty", "page": "Piast_dynasty", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b915409571963a", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102455, "tokenizations": [[0, 193], [194, 394], [395, 523], [524, 649], [650, 798], [799, 972]], "first_sentence": "This dynasty's power was weakened after a member issued a Testament creating the Seniorate Province as part of a plan to split his kingdom between his four heirs, and his widow Salomea of Berg.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In Book 1 of his Confessions, Augustine criticizes his teachers for making him read one of this author's works about a \"lewd youth\" imitating \"Jove.\" Another work by this author, which ends with a gentleman from the city being convinced by a relative to marry a neighboring widow, Sostrata, was adapted by Thomas Shadwell as The Squire of Alsatia. The line \"I'm a man, I don't regard any man's affairs as not concerning me,\" is spoken in the first act of one of his plays by the pompous Chremes, who is repeatedly deceived by the servant Syrus. Several of this man's prologues were written to be delivered by the actor Ambivius Turpo. This author's play The Self-Tormentor may be based on a work of Menander, while plays by Apollodorus of Carystus served as the basis for this man's The Mother-in-Law and Phormio. For 10 points, identify this playwright, a Carthaginian-born slave who wrote the The Eunuch.", "answer": "Terence [or Publius Terentius Afer]", "page": "Terence", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b915409571963b", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102456, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 347], [348, 356], [357, 544], [545, 634], [635, 653], [654, 813], [814, 906]], "first_sentence": "In Book 1 of his Confessions, Augustine criticizes his teachers for making him read one of this author's works about a \"lewd youth\" imitating \"Jove.\"", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This element is used in the indicator electrode in polarography experiments, and it is found in namesake \"drop electrodes\" and \"film electrodes\" used as working electrodes in voltammetry experiments. Potassium mixed with a tetra-iodo anion con- taining this element is used in a reagent for detection of ammonia named for Nessler. This element mixed with sulfuric acid catalyzes the hydration of alkynes to form ketones. A saturated solution of this element's chloride dissolved in potassium chloride comprises a common reference electrode known as the saturated calomel electrode. Sodium borohydride is used to remove an acetate of this element in a reaction where an alkene is converted to an alcohol in a classic example of a Markovnikov addition. For 10 points, name this element found in amalgams and the ore cinnabar, a metal whose low freezing point makes it suited for usage in thermometers.", "answer": "mercury [or Hg]", "page": "Mercury_(element)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b915409571963c", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102457, "tokenizations": [[0, 199], [200, 330], [331, 420], [421, 581], [582, 750], [751, 899]], "first_sentence": "This element is used in the indicator electrode in polarography experiments, and it is found in namesake \"drop electrodes\" and \"film electrodes\" used as working electrodes in voltammetry experiments.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A primary source on this artist are his letters to John Fisher, such as one describing the composition of his painting depicting the ruined Hadleigh Castle. He described the title structure of one of his paintings as a \"dart up into the sky like a needle\" to his wife Maria; that depicts an animal cart in the river Nadder. To explain the symbolism of a rainbow in another painting, this artist added nine lines from a poem by James Thomson to its catalogue description. The originality of this man's style led Delacroix to change the background of his Massacre at Chios. A series of his paintings depicts a magnificent white building \"from the meadows\" and \"from the bishop's ground.\" He created another painting depicting Willy Lott's cottage on the Stour River.For 10 points, name this artist who made numerous depictions of Salisbury Cathedral and the landscape masterpiece The Hay Wain.", "answer": "John Constable", "page": "John_Constable", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b915409571963d", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102458, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 323], [324, 470], [471, 571], [572, 685], [686, 764], [764, 891]], "first_sentence": "A primary source on this artist are his letters to John Fisher, such as one describing the composition of his painting depicting the ruined Hadleigh Castle.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This book's fourth appendix, \"Nagel's Brain,\" refutes the notion that humans are identical with their brains. This book resolves the question of whether it is ideal to have a child at the age of fourteen with what its author calls \"Theory X.\" This text uses a thought experiment in which a man enters a cubicle presses a button and is teletransported to Mars to illustrate the metaphysical implications of self. This book imagines that there exists two different Hells, and discusses why Hell two seems preferable over Hell one by the impersonal average principle. It uses the example of a 10 billion person society paradoxically being less ideal than a much larger society, even though the lives of the second society's members are barely worth living. That paradox leads to this book's formulation of the \"Repugnant Conclusion.\" For 10 points, name this philosophical text on population ethics, authored by Derek Parfit.", "answer": "Reasons and Persons", "page": "Reasons_and_Persons", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": "None", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b915409571963e", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102459, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 241], [241, 411], [412, 564], [565, 753], [754, 829], [829, 922]], "first_sentence": "This book's fourth appendix, \"Nagel's Brain,\" refutes the notion that humans are identical with their brains.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One chronicle declares that those envious of this ruler could find only one fault in him - that he was too merciful. That chronicle of this ruler's life was written by a figure known only as \"the Astronomer,\" while a lengthy poem honoring this ruler's deeds was written by Ermoldus Nigellus, or Ermold the Black, whom he may have exiled. This ruler governed monasteries in his land according to the Codex Regularum developed by Benedict of Aniane, and a biography of his life was written by Thegan of Trier. His daughter Gisela was gifted the nunnery of San Salvatore, the former residence of his second wife Judith of Bavaria. He was briefly revolted against by his librarian Ebbo, the Archbishop of Reims, who propped up this man's son Pepin of Aquitaine. Later on, he designated his youngest son Charles the Bald to receive Aquitaine, incurring the wrath of his other son Lothair. His lands were finally divided amongst his heirs by the Treaty of Verdun. For 10 points, name this son and successor of Charlemagne.", "answer": "Louis the Pious [or Louis I; or Louis the Fair; or Louis the Debonaire; prompt on \"Louis\"]", "page": "Louis_the_Pious", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b915409571963f", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102460, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 337], [338, 507], [508, 627], [628, 757], [758, 883], [884, 957], [958, 1016]], "first_sentence": "One chronicle declares that those envious of this ruler could find only one fault in him - that he was too merciful.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one election, this leader was harmed by Scott Reid's suggestion that an opposing party's child care subsidy might be used to buy beer and popcorn. One opponent of this leader accused him of plans to expand the St. Lawrence Seaway to benefit his holdings in Canadian Steamship Lines. After succeeding another man of the same party, this man broke with tradition by purging almost half of his predecessor's cabinet. That measure may have been caused by Sheila Fraser's revelations that hundreds of millions of dollars in federal money intended to advertise the government in Quebec were wasted during this man's tenure as finance minister. That matter, the Sponsorship scandal, or Adscam, helped lead to this man's defeat after Jack Layton of the NDP supported a no confidence motion against him. For 10 points, name this prime minister of Canada who was succeeded in 2006 by Stephen Harper.", "answer": "Paul Martin", "page": "Paul_Martin", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "difficulty": "Open", "year": 2015, "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719640", "qdb_id": null, "dataset": "protobowl", "qanta_id": 102461, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 285], [286, 416], [417, 640], [641, 797], [798, 892]], "first_sentence": "In one election, this leader was harmed by Scott Reid's suggestion that an opposing party's child care subsidy might be used to buy beer and popcorn.", "gameplay": true, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This novel's narrator observes that \"there are more things to admire in men than to despise\" after revealing his identity at the novel's end. In this novel, an audience watching Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice panics after the lead singers collapse. In this novel, a man who lures cats to his balcony so that he can spit on them is the neighbor of Tarrou. The journalist Raymond Rambert struggles to escape the setting of this novel to return to his wife in Paris. In this novel, two sermons are delivered by Father Paneloux. For 10 points, name this novel set in the Algerian city of Oran, in which Dr. Bernard Rieux combats the title ailment, written by Albert Camus.", "answer": "The Plague [or La Peste]", "page": "The_Plague", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129827, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124190, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 243], [244, 349], [350, 458], [459, 519], [520, 663]], "first_sentence": "This novel's narrator observes that \"there are more things to admire in men than to despise\" after revealing his identity at the novel's end.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The revelation that wisdom has been hidden from man is made in this book. In this book, God asks \"Where were you when I laid the foundations of this earth?\" to a character who is accompanied by his friends Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. This work's 41st chapter contains a long description of the sea monster Leviathan. The title character of this work is encouraged to curse God by his wife after he is stricken with boils, but he refuses. The prologue of this work describes a wager between God and Satan over the loyalty of the title character. For 10 points, identify this Old Testament book about the ever-pious title character.", "answer": "Book of Job", "page": "Book_of_Job", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129826, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124191, "tokenizations": [[0, 73], [74, 234], [235, 317], [318, 438], [439, 545], [546, 631]], "first_sentence": "The revelation that wisdom has been hidden from man is made in this book.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A flute solo begins the third variation in the theme-and-variations fourth movement of this composer's Symphony No. 8 in G major. The viola introduces the penta\u00c2\u00b7tonic opening theme of this composer's String Quartet No. 12 in F major. This composer paid tribute to his deceased sister-in-law in his Cello Concerto in B minor. Folk dances such as furiants, dumkas, and polkas comprise his Slavonic Dances. An English horn solo introduces the opening theme of the Largo second movement of this composer's Symphony No. 9, whose Native American and African-American influences stem from this composer's visit to the United States. For 10 points, name this composer of the New World Symphony.", "answer": "Antonin Dvorak", "page": "Anton\u00edn_Dvo\u0159\u00e1k", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129825, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124192, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 234], [235, 325], [326, 404], [405, 626], [627, 687]], "first_sentence": "A flute solo begins the third variation in the theme-and-variations fourth movement of this composer's Symphony No. 8 in G major.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This value can be measured invasively using an a-line and is commonly regulated with thiazides and ACE [\"ace\"] inhibitors. ANP [\"A-N-P\"] modulates this quantity by preventing sodium reabsorption and inhibiting renin. Angiotensin II increases water retention and causes vasoconstriction in order to increase this quantity. This quantity can be measured using a device with an inflatable cuff worn on the arm and listening for two sounds corresponding to its systolic and diastolic forms. For 10 points, name this quantity that is elevated in hypertension which for a typical resting adult is around 120-over-80 millimeters of mercury.\u2028", "answer": "blood pressure [or systolic blood pressure; or diastolic blood pressure]\u2028", "page": "Blood_pressure", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129824, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124193, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 216], [217, 321], [322, 486], [487, 634]], "first_sentence": "This value can be measured invasively using an a-line and is commonly regulated with thiazides and ACE [\"ace\"] inhibitors.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This country's Chumbi\u00c2\u00b7vilcas region celebrates a holiday that takes place on December 25th and is called Takanakuy. The message \"Time for change! The future is renewable\" was controversially displayed on a national monument in this country. A lake on this country's eastern border is home to the Uru people, who live on artificial islands made of reeds. Lake Titicaca lies on this country's border with Bolivia. Greenpeace activists left footprints in the ground and damaged this country's Nazca Lines. For 10 points, name this South American country whose capital is Lima.", "answer": "Peru", "page": "Peru", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129823, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124194, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 146], [147, 241], [242, 354], [355, 412], [413, 503], [504, 574]], "first_sentence": "This country's Chumbi\u00c2\u00b7vilcas region celebrates a holiday that takes place on December 25th and is called Takanakuy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Bowling league participation is cited as evidence for America's decline in the \"social\" form of this concept in a Robert Putnam book. Gary Becker wrote a seminal text on the \"human\" form of this concept, which can be enhanced by education or job training. A book studying trends in income inequality written by Thomas Piketty is titled for this term \"in the 21st Century\". Another book titled for this concept introduces the \"labor theory of value\", and later entries in that book were arranged by Friedrich Engels. For 10 points, name this term that titles a book by Karl Marx and refers to productive assets owned by a person or company.", "answer": "capital [or social capital; or human capital; or Das Kapital]", "page": "Capital_(economics)", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129822, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124195, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 255], [256, 372], [373, 515], [516, 639]], "first_sentence": "Bowling league participation is cited as evidence for America's decline in the \"social\" form of this concept in a Robert Putnam book.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this poem, an old vulture vainly tries to save a woman who is lured out of a protective boundary by an ascetic. A character in this poem uproots and brings an entire mountain to a wounded warrior in need of a healing herb. In this poem, a pair of sandals are placed on a throne to symbolize the true king, who has been exiled for fourteen years alongside his brother Lakshmana. This poem features the monkey god Hanuman, who infiltrates the demon Ravana's island fortress in search of Sita, the protagonist's abducted wife. For 10 points, name this Sanskrit epic poem about the title avatar of Vishnu.", "answer": "Ramayana [or Ramayan; or Ramayanam]", "page": "Ramayana", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129821, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124196, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 225], [226, 380], [381, 526], [527, 604]], "first_sentence": "In this poem, an old vulture vainly tries to save a woman who is lured out of a protective boundary by an ascetic.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A street in this city that divided its poor and rich sections was nicknamed \"the Slot.\" Amadeo Giannini's Bank of Italy, which grew into the Bank of America, was founded in this city. Mayor Eugene Schmitz, the puppet of Union Labor Party boss Abe Ruef, created the Committee of Fifty to respond to a disaster in this city. This city exhibited its recovery from that disaster by hosting the extravagant 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition. A fire in this city destroyed many opulent Nob Hill mansions. Around 80% of this city was destroyed in a fire that started after its 1906 earthquake. For 10 points, name this city that is the southern terminus of the Golden Gate Bridge.", "answer": "San Francisco, California", "page": "San_Francisco", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129820, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124197, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 183], [184, 322], [323, 447], [448, 509], [510, 597], [598, 684]], "first_sentence": "A street in this city that divided its poor and rich sections was nicknamed \"the Slot.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This compound is used to turn aromatic amino acids yellow in the xantho\u00c2\u00b7proteic test. A mixture of this compound and sulfuric acid adds a strong, three-atom, deactivating group to benzene which can then be reduced to aniline. When highly concentrated, this substance is referred to as \"white fuming\". This substance is produced industrially in a process that uses a platinum-rhodium catalyst and reacts oxygen with ammonia. This product of the Ostwald process is mixed in a one to three ratio with hydrochloric acid to make the gold dissolving aqua regia. For 10 points name this strong acid with formula HNO3 [\"H-N-O-three\"].", "answer": "nitric acid [accept HNO3 before mentioned]", "page": "Nitric_acid", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129819, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124198, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 226], [227, 301], [302, 424], [425, 556], [557, 605], [606, 627]], "first_sentence": "This compound is used to turn aromatic amino acids yellow in the xantho\u00c2\u00b7proteic test.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This country's economic strategy for foreign direct investment is called the \"Go Out\" policy. Bill Clinton convinced Congress to grant this country permanent normal trade relations. This country's currency was devalued by 1.9% in August 2015 to stabilize a slowing economy. The eBay clone Taobao is operated by this country's Alibaba group. In 2011, this country overtook Japan to become the world's second largest economy. This country, whose currency is the renminbi, owns a plurality of the United States' national debt. For 10 points, name this country whose central bank PBOC manages the yuan.", "answer": "People's Republic of China [or Zhongguo; or Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo; do not accept \"Republic of China\"]", "page": "China", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129818, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124199, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [94, 181], [182, 273], [274, 340], [341, 423], [424, 523], [524, 598]], "first_sentence": "This country's economic strategy for foreign direct investment is called the \"Go Out\" policy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artist showed Samson drinking from a donkey's jawbone in a painting in which only the feet of a shrouded man are visible. Another of his paintings shows two peasant kneeling in prayer to a barefoot Mary who is on a step holding Jesus. This artist of The Seven Works of Mercy and the Loreto Madonna depicted an orange-robed man at a desk being approached by an angel in a painting made for the Contarelli Chapel. In another painting by this artist, a beam of light from the top right illuminates a man at whom Jesus is pointing. For 10 points name this murderous painter of The Calling of Saint Matthew.", "answer": "Caravaggio [or Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio]", "page": "Caravaggio", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129817, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124200, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 239], [240, 416], [417, 532], [533, 607]], "first_sentence": "This artist showed Samson drinking from a donkey's jawbone in a painting in which only the feet of a shrouded man are visible.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The leader of the first of these events claimed to be a prophet and performed feats like breathing fire. That leader, whose forces were led by the general Cleon, was Eunus [\"YOU-nus\"]. In an attempt to quell one of these events, a commander revived the use of decimation as a punishment for his army. During one of these conflicts, an army escaped by rappelling down the side of Vesuvius before being annihilated at the Battle of the Siler [\"SEE-ler\"]. Participants in the last of these events were crucified along the Appian Way after being suppressed by Crassus. A side in the third of these wars was led by Spartacus. For 10 points, identify these rebellions of unfree people against the Roman Republic.", "answer": "Servile Wars [or Roman slave rebellions; or obvious equivalents]", "page": "Servile_Wars", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129816, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124201, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 184], [185, 300], [301, 452], [453, 564], [565, 620], [621, 706]], "first_sentence": "The leader of the first of these events claimed to be a prophet and performed feats like breathing fire.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This constant times two is in the denominator of the expression for the magnetic flux quantum. This quantity squared is in the numerator of the expression for the fine structure constant. This value was incorrectly estimated in an experiment due to an error in the value for the viscosity of air; in that experiment, particles were suspended in the air using an E-field. This quantity, which is equal to Faraday's constant divided by Avogadro's number, was calculated in Robert Millikan's oil drop experiment. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to approximately \"1.60 times 10 to the negative 19\" coulombs which is the charge of a proton.", "answer": "elementary charge [or fundamental charge; or charge of an electron; or charge of a proton until \"proton\" is read", "page": "Elementary_charge", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129815, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124202, "tokenizations": [[0, 94], [95, 187], [188, 370], [371, 509], [510, 643]], "first_sentence": "This constant times two is in the denominator of the expression for the magnetic flux quantum.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After this character's death, two characters walk off to get a drink, prompting the question \"now what the hell ya suppose is eatin' them two guys?\" This character often expresses a desire to \"live off the fatta the lan'.\" His manner of death is foreshadowed by the shooting of Candy's old, blind dog. He accidentally kills a puppy by breaking its neck while trying to stroke it. After he kills Curley's wife, this character is shot in the back of the head by his best friend while he imagines a rabbit farm. For 10 points, name this mentally disabled farm worker who is mercy-killed by his friend George at the end of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men.", "answer": "Lennie Small [accept either underlined portion]", "page": "Of_Mice_and_Men", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129814, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124203, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [147, 222], [223, 301], [302, 379], [380, 508], [509, 652]], "first_sentence": "After this character's death, two characters walk off to get a drink, prompting the question \"now what the hell ya suppose is eatin' them two guys?", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A text by this philosopher asks whether a certain mental state is \"a merit or a defect\" then discusses how it is borne out of defiance of forgiveness or our fear of not being forgiven. That book by this philosopher opens by claiming that the self is \"a relation which relates itself to itself\" before claiming that \"despair is sin.\" Part of a book by this philosopher traces the courting of Cordelia, reflecting this philosopher's relationship with Regine Olsen. That text by an aesthete is paired with admonitory letters by \"the Judge\" and is called \"The Seducer's Diary\". For 10 points, name this Danish existentialist who wrote The Sickness unto Death and Either/Or.", "answer": "Soren Aabye Kierkegaard", "page": "S\u00f8ren_Kierkegaard", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129813, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124204, "tokenizations": [[0, 184], [185, 331], [331, 462], [463, 573], [574, 669]], "first_sentence": "A text by this philosopher asks whether a certain mental state is \"a merit or a defect\" then discusses how it is borne out of defiance of forgiveness or our fear of not being forgiven.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This opera's second act opens with a \"March of the Priests\" popular as a wedding piece. Its protagonist is blessed in the aria \"O Isis und Osiris\" before being put through a trial by silence. Upon reuniting with his love, a baritone in this opera is reduced to stuttering \"Pa, pa, pa.\" That character earlier sings \"Der Vogelf\u00c3\u00a4nger [\"FOH-gull-feng-er\"] bin ich ja\" as he introduces himself as the birdcatcher Papageno. The murder of the sorcerer Sarastro is ordered in its colo\u00c2\u00b7ra\u00c2\u00b7tura aria \"Der H\u00c3\u00b6lle Rache\" [\"HUH-luh RAH-kuh\"], sung by the Queen of the Night to her daughter Pamina, who is in love with Tamino. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about the title instrument.", "answer": "The Magic Flute [or Die Zauberfl\u00c3\u00b6te]", "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129812, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124205, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 191], [192, 284], [284, 316], [316, 332], [333, 419], [420, 616], [617, 682]], "first_sentence": "This opera's second act opens with a \"March of the Priests\" popular as a wedding piece.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the Popol Vuh, the head of One Hunahpu is turned into a calabash and placed on one of these objects, from which it spits into a maiden's hand. Sigmund pulls the sword Gram out of one of these objects named Barnstokkr [\"barn-stoker\"]. An eagle perched atop one of these objects has arguments with the serpent Nidhogg via the squirrel Ratatosk. In American folklore, these objects are destroyed by the companion of Babe the Blue Ox. In Norse mythology, the nine worlds are linked by an enormous one of this object named Yggdrasil [\"IG-druh-sil\"]. For 10 points, name these objects which Paul Bunyan chops down in his role as a lumberjack.", "answer": "tree [or olive tree; or ash tree; or World Tree; or Yggdrasil; do not accept \"wood\"]", "page": "Tree", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129811, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124206, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 236], [237, 345], [346, 433], [434, 547], [548, 639]], "first_sentence": "In the Popol Vuh, the head of One Hunahpu is turned into a calabash and placed on one of these objects, from which it spits into a maiden's hand.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An uprising in this country was caused by the assassination of Avni Rustemi. A leader of this country was overthrown in the June Revolution by the founder of this country's Orthodox Church, Fan Noli. Another ruler of this country controlled the Sigurimi secret police. That ruler helped make this country the first to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact and declared this non-USSR country to be \"the world's first atheist state\". During World War II, this nation's King Zog was overthrown with the assistance of Fascist Italy. For 10 points, name this Balkan nation which was ruled by Enver Hoxha [\"HO-sha\"] during the Cold War from its capital at Tirana.", "answer": "Albania [or Shqiperia]\u2028", "page": "Albania", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129810, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124207, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 199], [200, 268], [269, 423], [424, 520], [521, 649]], "first_sentence": "An uprising in this country was caused by the assassination of Avni Rustemi.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote a novel in which a man who criticizes Ovid and John Gay sings a ballad about \"Edwin and Angelina\". In that novel, a man is sent to debt prison after his house burns down. This author wrote a play in which Constance Neville fails to steal her mother's jewels and elope with George Hastings, whose friend is tricked into thinking Liberty Hall is an inn. In a novel by this author, Mr. Burchell reveals himself as the uncle of Squire Thornhill. This author wrote a play in which Kate Hardcastle wins over Charles Marlow by dressing as a barmaid. For 10 points, name this Irish author of The Vicar of Wakefield and She Stoops to Conquer.", "answer": "Oliver Goldsmith", "page": "Oliver_Goldsmith", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129809, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124208, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 188], [189, 369], [370, 459], [460, 560], [561, 651]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel in which a man who criticizes Ovid and John Gay sings a ballad about \"Edwin and Angelina\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Henry Cowles pioneered the study of ecological succession on structures made of this substance. Unlike regs and hamadas, ergs are covered with this material. Large fields of this substance mixed with clay and bitumen are located in Athabasca, Canada. This term describes particles that are larger in diameter than silts and clay but smaller than gravel. In many regions, this substance is primarily composed of silicon dioxide. Marram grass helps stabilize coastal hills of this material that have accumulated from winds blowing it onshore. For 10 points, name this material that forms dunes and is abundant in the Sahara desert.", "answer": "sand particles [prompt on \"soil\"; prompt on \"silicon dioxide\" or \"silica\" until \"silicon\" is mentioned]", "page": "Sand", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129808, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124209, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 157], [158, 250], [251, 353], [354, 427], [428, 540], [541, 629]], "first_sentence": "Henry Cowles pioneered the study of ecological succession on structures made of this substance.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A politician with this surname was assassinated while walking to an interview with Peter Ustinov. Another politician with this surname may have received kickbacks from the Bofors arms company and was killed by a woman hiding a bomb under her dress. A politician with this surname instituted forced sterilization and removed civil liberties during a period dubbed \"The Emergency.\" After ordering Operation Blue Star, that politician with this surname was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards. For 10 points, give this common last name of Indian Prime Ministers Rajiv and Indira which was also the last name of the Mahatma. \u00c2\u00a0", "answer": "Gandhi [or Rajiv Gandhi; or Indira Gandhi]", "page": "Mahatma_Gandhi", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129807, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124210, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 248], [249, 379], [380, 490], [491, 620], [621, 622]], "first_sentence": "A politician with this surname was assassinated while walking to an interview with Peter Ustinov.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poem's final stanza is quoted at the end of Tracy Letts' play August: Osage County by Johanna. The stanzas of this poem's final sections end with quotations of the Lord's Prayer and the statement \"life is very long.\" This poem includes a mock-nursery rhyme beginning \"here we go round the prickly pear.\" The speaker reflects \"the eyes are not here\" while describing figures who \"grope together and avoid speech.\" The title figures are described as \"leaning together headpiece filled with straw.\" The statement \"this is the way the world ends, not with a bang but with a whimper\" concludes, for 10 points, what T.S. Eliot poem about a group of empty men?", "answer": "\"The Hollow Men\"  ", "page": "The_Hollow_Men", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129806, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124211, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 220], [220, 307], [307, 417], [418, 500], [501, 658]], "first_sentence": "This poem's final stanza is quoted at the end of Tracy Letts' play August: Osage County by Johanna.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "At this event, an agreement to set a certain national border at the Curzon Line was made official. In the aftermath of this event, one of the involved parties began formulating Operation Unthinkable in case agreements made during this event were not adhered to. This event's agreement to hold fair elections in Poland was completely ignored by one of its participants. All of the delegations at this event agreed to join the United Nations, and one of them agreed to declare war on Japan shortly after this event. For 10 points, name this second \"Big 3\" conference after Tehran, in which Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt met near a resort town in Crimea.", "answer": "Yalta Conference [or Argonaut Conference; or Crimea Conference until \"Crimea\" is read]", "page": "Yalta_Conference", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129805, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124212, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 261], [262, 368], [369, 513], [514, 654]], "first_sentence": "At this event, an agreement to set a certain national border at the Curzon Line was made official.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Late in his career, this leader advised Antiochus III of Syria. Under this general, Ducarius killed Flaminius in the largest military ambush of recorded history, and this leader defeated forces under Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro by using a double-envelopment technique at the Battle of Cannae. An opponent of this victor at Lake Trasimene successfully used the sound of horns to create a stampede among some of this man's troops. This leader was ultimately defeated by Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama. For 10 points, name this son of Hamilcar, a Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with elephants during the Second Punic War.", "answer": "Hannibal Barca", "page": "Hannibal", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129804, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124213, "tokenizations": [[0, 63], [64, 314], [315, 450], [451, 529], [530, 659]], "first_sentence": "Late in his career, this leader advised Antiochus III of Syria.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A figure in this painting is wearing a gold pendant that shows a winged figure spearing a serpent. In this painting's upper left corner, a crucifix is partially covered by a green curtain. This painting may have commemorated Good Friday of 1533. A Lutheran psalm book lies next to a lute in this painting, in which a pendant of the Order of St. Michael is worn by Jean de Dinteville. The central figures of this painting are standing on an oriental rug and rest their arms on a table holding a globe and other instruments of science. An anamorphic skull is painted across the bottom of this painting. For 10 points, name this double-portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger.", "answer": "The Ambassadors [or The French Ambassadors]", "page": "The_Ambassadors", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129803, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124214, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 188], [189, 245], [246, 383], [384, 533], [534, 600], [601, 670]], "first_sentence": "A figure in this painting is wearing a gold pendant that shows a winged figure spearing a serpent.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Newark Supergroup largely consists of rocks from the end of this period. A massive climate change that took place during this period included an increase in overall temperature and is known as the Carnian Pluvial Event. An event that preceded this period produced a \"coal gap\" in geological records. During this period, the continent of Pangaea began its separation into the two continents of Laurasia and Gondwana. This period also gave rise to the archosaurs, whose subclasses include pterosaurs and dinosaurs. For 10 points, name this period which followed a \"Great Dying\" at the end of the Permian and began the Mesozoic Era.", "answer": "Triassic Period", "page": "Triassic", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129802, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124215, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 223], [224, 303], [304, 419], [420, 516], [517, 633]], "first_sentence": "The Newark Supergroup largely consists of rocks from the end of this period.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem named for this place explains how its inhabitants have given up their \"dower / Of inward happiness\" because they are \"selfish men\". The narrator of another poem titled for this place hears the \"mind-forg'd manacles\" and the \"Infants\" who \"cry of fear\" in it. A poem titled for this city exhorts the man who \"shouldst be living at this hour\", John Milton, and was written by Wordsworth. Another poem titled for this city describes its \"charter'd streets\" where the one meets \"marks of weakness, marks of woe\" and was written by William Blake. For 10 points name this city paired with Paris in Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities.  ", "answer": "London", "page": "London", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129801, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124216, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 265], [266, 392], [393, 548], [549, 631]], "first_sentence": "A poem named for this place explains how its inhabitants have given up their \"dower / Of inward happiness\" because they are \"selfish men\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An album by this musician begins its second track with a double bass solo played by Jimmy Garrison. That album's final track is the timpani roll-introduced \"Psalm,\" while a single gong strike begins its opening track, \"Acknowledgement.\" This composer paid tribute to his bassist in the \"Mr. P.C.\" track of an album that includes a ballad titled for his wife Naima. That album is titled for the frequent leaps between chords used in its title track. This jazz musician adapted a song from The Sound of Music into the title track of the album My Favorite Things. For 10 points, name this saxophonist who wrote the albums Giant Steps and A Love Supreme.", "answer": "John Coltrane [or John William Coltrane]", "page": "John_Coltrane", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129800, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124217, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 236], [237, 364], [365, 448], [449, 540], [541, 560], [561, 650]], "first_sentence": "An album by this musician begins its second track with a double bass solo played by Jimmy Garrison.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Guilds in this city attempted to stay in power by passing the Ordinances of Justice. The Albizzi family rose to prominence in this city shortly after Michele di Lando led the Ciompi [\"CHOM-pee\"] Revolt here in 1378. A leader of this city was nicknamed \"the Gouty,\" and another leader of this city survived an assassination attempt that killed his brother as part of the Pazzi conspiracy. The Bonfire of the Vanities took place in this city during its period of dominance by the Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola. For 10 points, name this Italian city ruled during the Renaissance by Cosimo the Great and Lorenzo the Magnificent, members of the Medici family.", "answer": "Republic of Florence [or Repubblica Fiorentina; or Firenze; or Fiorenza; or Florentia]", "page": "Republic_of_Florence", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129799, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124218, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 194], [195, 215], [216, 387], [388, 514], [515, 660]], "first_sentence": "Guilds in this city attempted to stay in power by passing the Ordinances of Justice.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character is troubled by a dream in which he is sexually attracted to a meteor that falls from the sky. He dons a lion skin before traversing a pitch-black mountain guarded by two scorpion-men. This character begins weeping when a snake sheds its skin after eating an immortality-granting plant retrieved from the bottom of a lake. With the help of the sun god Shamash, this hero infiltrates the Cedar Forest and slays its guardian, Humbaba. This character seeks out eternal life from the flood survivor Utnapishtim [\"oot-na-PISH-tim\"] after being traumatized by the death of his beastly friend Enkidu. For 10 points, name this hero who titles a Mesopotamian epic poem.", "answer": "Gilgamesh [or Bilgames]", "page": "Gilgamesh", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129798, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124219, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 198], [199, 336], [337, 446], [447, 607], [608, 674]], "first_sentence": "This character is troubled by a dream in which he is sexually attracted to a meteor that falls from the sky.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This value is the slope of a double cone which separates space-like and time-like intervals in Minkowski space. When converting the energy-momentum relation to natural units, this constant is set to one. The Lorentz factor is defined using velocity, and this quantity, whose ratio with velocity is sometimes symbolized beta. One of the assumptions of special relativity is that this value appears the same in every reference frame. The Michelson-Morley experiment could not find evidence of the ether causing this value to change and exceeding this value violates causality. For 10 points, what universal speed limit is roughly three hundred million meters per second?", "answer": "speed of light [prompt on \"c\"]", "page": "Speed_of_light", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129797, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124220, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 203], [204, 324], [325, 431], [432, 574], [575, 668]], "first_sentence": "This value is the slope of a double cone which separates space-like and time-like intervals in Minkowski space.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one book, this economist described how leveraged banks prevented investment by their subsidiaries, exacerbating the title event. This author of The Great Crash, 1929 argued that advertising and vertical integration by large corporations has replaced supply and demand in capitalist countries. In another book, this economist predicted that consumerism in the post-World War II United States would lead to increased private sector wealth compared to the public sector. That book popularized the term \"conventional wisdom\". For 10 points, name this Canadian-American economist whose works include The New Industrial State and The Affluent Society.", "answer": "John Kenneth Galbraith", "page": "John_Kenneth_Galbraith", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129796, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124221, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 295], [296, 470], [471, 524], [525, 648]], "first_sentence": "In one book, this economist described how leveraged banks prevented investment by their subsidiaries, exacerbating the title event.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a novel by this author, the protagonist has an affair with a French academic named Bernard before returning home, where her father had been a prominent communist. A man discovers his son Terry is gay in a novel by this author, in which Jacobus discovers a corpse on Mehring's farm. The title character of a novel by this author drives a truck called a \"bakkie\" in his native village, where Bamford and Maureen Smales are staying to escape the rebellion in Johannesburg. That book by this author of Burger's Daughter and The Conservationist was banned during apartheid. For 10 points, name this South African author of July's People.", "answer": "Nadine Gordimer", "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129795, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124222, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 284], [285, 472], [473, 571], [572, 635]], "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, the protagonist has an affair with a French academic named Bernard before returning home, where her father had been a prominent communist.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one tradition, this holiday celebrates the release of prisoners in the city of Gwalior. Towards the end of this holiday, which occurs during the transition from Ashvin to Karthik, brothers visit the houses of their sisters. During this holiday, the transition into a new financial year is marked with gambling and with a prayer to the consort of Vishnu. This holiday marks the New Year in Marwadi culture and the attainment of Moksha by Mahavira in Jainism. This holiday commemorates the defeat of Ravana by Rama, and the goddess of wealth is celebrated during its Lakshmi Puja. For 10 points, name this Hindu celebration that is celebrated with \"diyas\" being lit. ", "answer": "Diwali [or Deepavali]", "page": "Diwali", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129794, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124223, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 226], [227, 356], [357, 460], [461, 581], [582, 667]], "first_sentence": "In one tradition, this holiday celebrates the release of prisoners in the city of Gwalior.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This substance can contain structures called Zundel cations and Eigen [\"AY-gen\"] cations. The Grotthuss mechanism attempts to explain this substance's conductivity. This substance forms a \"cage\" around methane in a methane clathrate. This substance's solid-liquid equilibrium line has a negative slope on a P-T diagram, and it has a high boiling point because each molecule of this compound forms four hydrogen bonds. This molecule has a bent geometry with two lone pairs. The boiling point and melting point of this compound define the Celsius scale. This compound is more dense as a liquid than as a solid. For 10 points, name this universal solvent, with formula of H2O.", "answer": "water [or H2O before mention; or ice]", "page": "Water", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129793, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124224, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 164], [165, 233], [234, 417], [418, 472], [473, 551], [552, 608], [609, 673]], "first_sentence": "This substance can contain structures called Zundel cations and Eigen [\"AY-gen\"] cations.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "his man claims \"the capital-T Truth is about life before death\" in a work that begins with a joke about two young fish swimming by an older fish. David Lipsky wrote about a road trip he took with this author in the book Although of Course You End Up Becoming Yourself. He gave a commencement address at Kenyon College that ends with the statement \"this is water.\" A group of Quebecois \"wheelchair assassins\" appear in a novel by this author set during the Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment. In that novel by this author, Hal Incandenza attends the Enfield Tennis Academy. For 10 points, name this author of Infinite Jest. ", "answer": "David Foster Wallace", "page": "David_Foster_Wallace", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129792, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124225, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 219], [220, 238], [239, 268], [269, 363], [364, 494], [495, 575], [576, 625]], "first_sentence": "his man claims \"the capital-T Truth is about life before death\" in a work that begins with a joke about two young fish swimming by an older fish.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A ruler of this kingdom was advised by John Young and Isaac Davis, who taught him how to use weapons found on the Fair American. A ruler of this kingdom issued a decree allowing noncombatants to \"lie down to sleep by the roadside\" without threat of injury. This kingdom was governed by the kapu law code. The Law of the Splintered Paddle originated in this kingdom. In 1893, Lorrin Thurston and Sanford Dole were among those who overthrew this kingdom's final monarch. It was eventually annexed by the United States under William McKinley. For 10 points, name this kingdom that was led by Liliuokalani and Kamehameha from Honolulu.", "answer": "Kingdom of Hawaii", "page": "Kingdom_of_Hawaii", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129791, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124226, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 256], [257, 304], [305, 365], [366, 468], [469, 539], [540, 631]], "first_sentence": "A ruler of this kingdom was advised by John Young and Isaac Davis, who taught him how to use weapons found on the Fair American.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This state contains a life-size concrete replica of Stonehenge in its town of Maryhill. One of the only temperate rain forests in the United States, the Hoh Rainforest, is located in this state. Lake Roosevelt was created by the construction of a dam to stem the Columbia River in this state; that dam is the Grand Coulee Dam. This state is home to the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous US, Mount Rainier, and this state was the site of a large volcanic eruption in 1980 on Mount St. Helens. For 10 points, name this Pacific Northwest state that contains the Space Needle in Seattle.", "answer": "Washington", "page": "Washington_(state)", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129790, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124227, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 194], [195, 326], [327, 515], [516, 607]], "first_sentence": "This state contains a life-size concrete replica of Stonehenge in its town of Maryhill.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This thinker wrote an essay discussing the rights of \"civilized\" nations in dealing with \"barbarous\" ones in his essay A Few Words on Non-Intervention. This thinker included residues and concomitant variations in his namesake \"methods of experimental inquiry\" in the treatise A System of Logic. This philosopher equated marriage with slavery in an essay he wrote with his wife, Harriet Taylor. This man wrote that intellectual pleasures are preferable to sensual pleasures, modifying the greatest-happiness principle of Jeremy Bentham. For 10 points, name this English philosopher who wrote The Subjection of Women, Utilitarianism, and On Liberty.", "answer": "John Stuart Mill [or J. S. Mill]", "page": "John_Stuart_Mill", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129789, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124228, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 151], [152, 294], [295, 393], [394, 535], [536, 647]], "first_sentence": "This thinker wrote an essay discussing the rights of \"civilized\" nations in dealing with \"barbarous\" ones in his essay", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote a play in which the protagonist and a poet encounter a ship's crew singing \"Christ Kyrie\" [\"KEE-ree-ay\"] as they see Jesus walk on water. In a novel by this author, the title location within the Berns Salonger is where a group of bohemians meets with the protagonist Arvid Falk. This author created a character who is the Daughter of Indra in A Dream Play. A plan to open a hotel on Lake Como is discovered by Christine in one of his plays. In that play by this author of The Red Room, a bird is decapitated by Jean, who hands the title character a razor blade at the play's end. For 10 points, name this Swedish playwright of Miss Julie.", "answer": "August Strindberg [or Johan August Strindberg]", "page": "August_Strindberg", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129788, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124229, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 296], [297, 374], [375, 458], [459, 597], [598, 656]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote a play in which the protagonist and a poet encounter a ship's crew singing \"Christ Kyrie\" [\"KEE-ree-ay\"] as they see Jesus walk on water.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A town that produced this resource was hoaxed by an article in the Territorial Enterprise claiming that donations to the \"Great Austin Flower Sack\" would benefit a \"Miscegenation Society.\" Large finds of this resource were referred to as \"bonanzas.\" Mark Twain spent his formative years in one of this resource's boom towns, Virginia City. One seventh of the working male population was required to extract this resource for the Spanish government under the mita system. Major sources of this resource included Potosi in modern-day Bolivia and Nevada's Comstock Lode. For 10 points, name this metal that bimetallism supports using as legal tender in addition to gold.", "answer": "silver [or Ag]", "page": "Silver", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129787, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124230, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [187, 249], [250, 339], [340, 470], [471, 567], [568, 667]], "first_sentence": "A town that produced this resource was hoaxed by an article in the Territorial Enterprise claiming that donations to the \"Great Austin Flower Sack\" would benefit a \"Miscegenation Society.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Hill equation was first used to describe the cooperative binding of this protein. The fetal form of this protein has a higher affinity than its adult form because it does not interact with 2,3-BPG [\"two three b-p-g\"]. This protein shows a lower binding affinity under acidic conditions and in higher carbon dioxide concentrations, a phenomenon known as the Bohr shift. This protein consists of two alpha and two beta subunits, and like catalase it contains four porphyrin rings with iron centers. This protein has a higher affinity to carbon monoxide than its typical substrate, oxygen. For 10 points, name this protein found in red blood cells.", "answer": "hemoglobin [or Hb]", "page": "Hemoglobin", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129786, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124231, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 221], [222, 372], [373, 500], [501, 590], [591, 649]], "first_sentence": "The Hill equation was first used to describe the cooperative binding of this protein.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One type of these devices can run in a constant height or constant current mode, and functions by creating a bias and measuring the tunneling current. These devices are used to locate hybridized probes in FISH [\"fish\"], and can identify locations stained with phalloidin derivatives or DAPI [\"DAH-pee\"]. One type of these devices uses dichroic mirrors to isolate specific wavelengths of fluorescence. Samples used in these devices may need to be mounted and placed under a coverslip. Anton van Leeuwenhoek's [\"LAY-ven-hook\"] use of these devices led to his observations of \"animalcules\" which were later revealed to be microbes. For 10 points, name this sort of device which uses a set of lenses to magnify an image.", "answer": "microscope [accept more specific answers such as \"scanning tunneling microscope\" or \"fluorescence microscope\"]", "page": "Microscope", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129785, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124232, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 290], [291, 303], [304, 400], [401, 483], [484, 628], [629, 716]], "first_sentence": "One type of these devices can run in a constant height or constant current mode, and functions by creating a bias and measuring the tunneling current.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the bottom left of this painting, a scene painted onto a cloak shows three nude figures forming a ring around yellow-clad figure who is praying. A large group of martyrs is looking from this painting's upper right towards a white-robed Jesus, and St. Peter is dangling a pair of keys in this painting's top left. This painting was made to be displayed six feet off the ground at the Church of Santo Tome. The pale faces of a row of men forms the border between the Earthly and Heavenly zones of this painting, in which the artist's son is shown pointing at the central scene.  For 10 points, name this El Greco painting that depicts a Spanish nobleman being interred.", "answer": "The Burial of Count Orgaz [or The Burial of the Count of Orgaz; or El Entierro del Conde de Orgaz; accept other answers describing the Burial of Count Orgaz", "page": "The_Burial_of_the_Count_of_Orgaz", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129784, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124233, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 315], [316, 407], [408, 580], [580, 670]], "first_sentence": "In the bottom left of this painting, a scene painted onto a cloak shows three nude figures forming a ring around yellow-clad figure who is praying.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After it tried to avoid paying full customs on a shipment of Madeira wine, the HMS Liberty was towed out of this city's harbor. This city was defended by a fort on Castle Island. An event in this city was depicted in a propaganda engraving that shows a small dog beneath a cloud of smoke. A \"noble train of artillery\" that brought cannons to this city was planned by Henry Knox. After a crowd gathered on this city's King Street to throw snowballs at some soldiers, Thomas Preston fired upon a group that included Crispus Attucks. For 10 points, name this city, the site of a 1770 massacre that preceded the American Revolution.  ", "answer": "Boston [or the Boston massacre] ", "page": "Boston", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129783, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124234, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 178], [179, 288], [289, 378], [379, 530], [531, 630]], "first_sentence": "After it tried to avoid paying full customs on a shipment of Madeira wine, the HMS Liberty was towed out of this city's harbor.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A molecule involved in this process is \"charged\" by the enzyme aaRS [\"A-A-R-S\"]. Amber, ochre, and opal tags cause release factors to end this process. This process can be inhibited by phosphorylating [\"fos-FOR-ill-ate-ing\"] a serine residue in an eIF2 [\"E-I-F-2\"]-GDP complex. In eukaryotes, this process begins after recognition of the Kozak sequence. During this process, molecules with a cloverleaf structure interact with an organelle's A, P, and E sites. The existence of only twenty types of some molecules used in this process is explained by wobble base pairing between codons and anticodons. For 10 points, name this process that occurs at ribosomes and synthesizes proteins from mRNA.", "answer": "translation [prompt on \"protein synthesis\"]", "page": "Translation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129782, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124235, "tokenizations": [[0, 62], [63, 80], [81, 151], [152, 277], [278, 353], [354, 460], [461, 601], [602, 695]], "first_sentence": "A molecule involved in this process is \"charged\" by the enzyme", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A festival in this religion includes the giving of \"thousand year candy,\" and a construction site sacred to this religion has its ground broken using a sickle, hoe, and spade. A practice in this religion involves writing prayers or wishes on small wooden plaques. This religion's emphasis on purification is why its places of worship all have a basin for washing the mouth and hands. A festival in this religion is a rite of passage called \"Seven-Five-Three,\" and this religion can be classified into types including \"Folk\" and \"Sect.\" This religion's shrines feature gates called torii. For 10 points, name this religion which worships kami such as Amaterasu, the native religion of Japan.", "answer": "Shintoism", "page": "Shinto", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129781, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124236, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 263], [264, 383], [384, 535], [536, 587], [588, 690]], "first_sentence": "A festival in this religion includes the giving of \"thousand year candy,\" and a construction site sacred to this religion has its ground broken using a sickle, hoe, and spade.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, Don Issachar takes a young baroness as a mistress after killing her family and is later forced to share her with the Grand Inquisitor. The protagonist's love interest spies Paquette engaging in \"experimental physics\" towards the beginning of this novel. The title character believes that \"we must cultivate our garden\" by the end of this work, although the title character's mentor encourages him to think that they live in the \"best of all possible worlds.\" This work's protagonist travels through an earthquake-struck Lisbon to South America, accompanied by Cacambo and the Leibniz-inspired Dr. Pangloss. For 10 points, name this novel by Voltaire.", "answer": "Candide", "page": "Candide", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129780, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124237, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 268], [269, 472], [472, 621], [622, 665]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, Don Issachar takes a young baroness as a mistress after killing her family and is later forced to share her with the Grand Inquisitor.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "n this academic discipline, a battleship curve can be used to visualize data in the method of seriation. Lewis Binford incorporated middle range theory into this field's processual approach, which replaced the older cultural-historical approach. A scholar of this discipline, Jens Worsaae, theorized the purpose of shell middens. This discipline uses techniques like magnetometry and ground-penetrating radar to identify underground features as part of field surveys. Practitioners of this discipline like Heinrich Schliemann and Arthur Evans excavated Troy and Knossos. For 10 points, name this field that studies material artifacts of ancient humans.", "answer": "archaeology [or word forms like archaeological research]", "page": "Archaeology", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129779, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124238, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 245], [246, 329], [330, 467], [468, 570], [571, 652]], "first_sentence": "n this academic discipline, a battleship curve can be used to visualize data in the method of seriation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a play by this author, the accusation that some puppets are cross-dressing is refuted because the puppets have no genitalia. In a play by this author, Peregrine convinces a friend to hide inside a tortoise shell and the central character disguises himself as Scoto and attempts to sleep with Celia, the wife of Corvino. Mosca pretends to help three characters who are vying to inherit money from a wealthy man pretending to be moribund in a play by this author. In a play by this author of Bartholomew Fayre, Subtle, Captain Face, and Doll Common promise the Philosopher's Stone to Epicure Mammon. For 10 points, name this English playwright of Volpone and The Alchemist.", "answer": "Ben Jonson", "page": "Ben_Jonson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129778, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124239, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 322], [323, 464], [465, 600], [601, 674]], "first_sentence": "In a play by this author, the accusation that some puppets are cross-dressing is refuted because the puppets have no genitalia.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In his youth, this man fought in the Battle of Diu, and he enslaved a Malay interpreter named Enrique while participating in the siege of Malacca. This man was forced to quell a mutiny at Port Saint Julian. At the request of Rajah Humabon, this man tried to invade Mactan, which resulted in him getting fatally speared by Lapu-Lapu. This man's fleet, including the flagship Trinidad, was funded by Charles V. Juan Sebastian finished the accomplishment this man is best known for after he was killed in the Philippines. For 10 points, name this Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition to successfully circumnavigate the Earth.", "answer": "Ferdinand Magellan [or Fern\u00c3\u00a3o de Magalh\u00c3\u00a3es; or Fernando de Magallanes]", "page": "Ferdinand_Magellan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129777, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124240, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 206], [207, 332], [333, 518], [519, 634]], "first_sentence": "In his youth, this man fought in the Battle of Diu, and he enslaved a Malay interpreter named Enrique while participating in the siege of Malacca.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This process changes the position of a metal-metal interface in the Kirkendall effect. Spinodal decomposition occurs solely due to this process. Solutions to problems involving this process often contain the error function. This process is driven by a negative chemical potential gradient. The flux of this process is proportional to the negative gradient of the concentration according to Fick's first law. The rate at which this process occurs is proportional to one over the square root of molar mass according to Graham's law. For 10 points, name this process by which molecules travel from areas of high to low concentration.", "answer": "diffusion [prompt on \"effusion\"]", "page": "Diffusion", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129776, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124241, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 144], [145, 223], [224, 289], [290, 407], [408, 530], [531, 630]], "first_sentence": "This process changes the position of a metal-metal interface in the Kirkendall effect.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Robert Graves published a 1968 translation of this text that was allegedly based on an original manuscript, but was revealed to have instead adapted a 20th-century translation by Edward Heron-Allen. A section of this text includes an extended allegorical discussion between clay pots.  One of this poem's verses begins \"The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ / Moves on,\" and another verse begins, \"A Book of Verses underneath the Bough / A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread--and Thou\" in the fifth version of Edward Fitzgerald's translation of this poem.  For 10 points, name this medieval Persian poem organized into quatrains and written by Omar Khayyam.", "answer": "The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam", "page": "Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129775, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124242, "tokenizations": [[0, 198], [199, 286], [286, 556], [556, 656]], "first_sentence": "Robert Graves published a 1968 translation of this text that was allegedly based on an original manuscript, but was revealed to have instead adapted a 20th-century translation by Edward Heron-Allen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this opera's third act, a clarinet solo introduces an aria in which the tenor lead recalls his lover falling into his arms on a night when the \"stars were shining.\" A character in this opera signs a safe conduct pass after being told where an escaped prisoner is hiding. As her lover is tortured, this opera's title character asks why God has forsaken her, even though her entire life she has \"lived for art.\" \"E lucevan le stelle\" and \"Vissi d'arte\" are arias from this opera, whose title character leaps from the Castel Sant'Angelo to her death after the execution of her lover, the painter Mario Cavaradossi. For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera about the title singer.", "answer": "Tosca", "page": "Tosca", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129774, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124243, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [166, 167], [168, 273], [274, 412], [413, 614], [615, 685]], "first_sentence": "In this opera's third act, a clarinet solo introduces an aria in which the tenor lead recalls his lover falling into his arms on a night when the \"stars were shining.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this period, subduction of the Kula and Farallon plates under the North American plate contributed to the Laramide orogeny. A series of large volcanic eruptions formed the Deccan Traps at the end of this period. It marked the first appearance of pachycephalosaurids, and Walter and Luis Alvarez postulated that the concentration of iridium found in a thin layer of sediment, the K-T boundary, was linked to the end of this period. Large chalk deposits laid down during this period give it its name. For 10 points, name this final period of the Mesozoic Era, during which a meteor strike is hypothesized to have killed the dinosaurs.", "answer": "Cretaceous period", "page": "Cretaceous", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129773, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124244, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 214], [215, 433], [434, 501], [502, 635]], "first_sentence": "In this period, subduction of the Kula and Farallon plates under the North American plate contributed to the Laramide orogeny.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Shortly after he came to power, this leader's regime killed an American citizen named Charles Horman. This non-European leader's regime started to fall apart after Pope John Paul II publicly criticized his policies during an official visit to his country. His regime sponsored a death squad called the \"Caravan of Death.\" He instituted laissez-faire policies designed by a group of American-educated economists, the Chicago Boys. This leader overthrew his predecessor in a 1973 coup possibly supported by the American government. For 10 points, name this dictator who replaced Salvador Allende as president of Chile.", "answer": "Augusto Pinochet [or Augusto Jose Ramon Pinochet Ugarte]", "page": "Augusto_Pinochet", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129772, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124245, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 255], [256, 321], [322, 429], [430, 529], [530, 616]], "first_sentence": "Shortly after he came to power, this leader's regime killed an American citizen named Charles Horman.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A scene in this film repeatedly cuts between shots of two bored guards and shots of a man charging towards them to a drum roll, before the running man suddenly enters the frame and stabs a guard. A scene in this film is interrupted by some previously unseen characters yelling \"GET ON WITH IT!\" The main characters of this film attempt to cross the Bridge of Death, which spans the Gorge of Eternal Peril. A character in this film refuses to surrender even though his limbs are hacked off, declaring \"it's just a flesh wound!\" Characters in this film include the Black Knight and the Knights who say Ni [\"NEE\"]. For 10 points, name this spoof of Arthurian legend made by the Monty Python comedy troupe. ", "answer": "Monty Python and the Holy Grail [prompt on just \"Monty Python\"]", "page": "Monty_Python_and_the_Holy_Grail", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129771, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124246, "tokenizations": [[0, 195], [196, 294], [295, 405], [406, 526], [527, 611], [612, 702]], "first_sentence": "A scene in this film repeatedly cuts between shots of two bored guards and shots of a man charging towards them to a drum roll, before the running man suddenly enters the frame and stabs a guard.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This novel's final sentence describes the features of buildings as \"each in its ordered place.\" A character in this novel obsesses over a broken watch that his father described as the \"mausoleum of all hope and desire.\" A character in this novel remembers seeing mud on his sister's underwear when she climbed a tree to spy on their grandmother's funeral. The characters of this novel are served by a long-suffering maid named Dilsey. This novel's first section is narrated by a castrated mentally retarded man who associates the smell of rain with his sister Caddy. Jason, Quentin and Benjy narrate chapters of, for 10 points, what William Faulkner novel about the Compson family?", "answer": "The Sound and the Fury", "page": "The_Sound_and_the_Fury", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129770, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124247, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 218], [218, 355], [356, 434], [435, 566], [567, 681]], "first_sentence": "This novel's final sentence describes the features of buildings as \"each in its ordered place.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A piece in this genre represents the cardinal directions with a set of four brass bands that enter in the second section. Unusually, a solo soprano sings the Pie [\"PEE-ay\"] Jesu in the central movement of Gabriel Faur\u00c3\u00a9's piece of this type. Mozart called for a double fugue on the words \"Kyrie eleison\" [\"KEY-ree-ay eh-lay-son\"] and \"Christe eleison\" in a piece of this type whose movements include the Tuba mirum and the Confutatis maledictis. The Dies Irae section of that piece in this genre breaks off eight bars into the Lacrimosa, from which point the remainder was completed by Franz Sussmayr. For 10 points, name this liturgical genre of music written for the dead.", "answer": "requiem [or requiem mass; do not accept \"mass\"]", "page": "Requiem", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129769, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124248, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 172], [173, 241], [242, 445], [446, 601], [602, 674]], "first_sentence": "A piece in this genre represents the cardinal directions with a set of four brass bands that enter in the second section.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A god of this people transforms into a cat and uses a knife to decapitate a wicked serpent. This people's calendar includes five extra days won in a gambling match with the moon. A god of this culture asserts his superiority by ejaculating into a head of lettuce eaten by his rival. When these people die, their hearts are fed to the demon Ammit if they fail to weigh lighter than a single feather. In a myth from this civilization, a deceased god's fourteen scattered body parts are used to give birth to the god that defeats Set and avenges his father Osiris. For 10 points, name these people who believed that the falcon-headed Horus was manifested in each pharaoh.", "answer": "ancient Egyptians", "page": "List_of_ancient_Egyptians", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129768, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124249, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 178], [179, 282], [283, 398], [399, 561], [562, 668]], "first_sentence": "A god of this people transforms into a cat and uses a knife to decapitate a wicked serpent.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The HESS project is a series of telescopes which detect cosmic gamma rays via this phenomenon. Since this effect is emitted in a cone, detection of \"rings\" formed by it can determine the angle of emission. Super-Kamiokande [\"kah-mee-oh-KAN-day\"] uses this effect to detect neutrinos. The amount of this phenomenon for a given wavelength is predicted by the Frank-Tamm formula, whose developers won the Nobel in physics in 1958 along with this effect's namesake. For 10 points, name this bluish radiation that occurs when a charged particle exceeds light's velocity in its medium which creates the bluish glow seen in nuclear reactors.", "answer": "Cherenkov radiation", "page": "Cherenkov_radiation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129767, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124250, "tokenizations": [[0, 94], [95, 205], [206, 283], [284, 461], [462, 634]], "first_sentence": "The HESS project is a series of telescopes which detect cosmic gamma rays via this phenomenon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Stanley Cavell analyzes this philosopher and \"skepticism, morality, and tragedy\" in his magnum opus, The Claim of Reason. This thinker argued that groups of activities do not have one defining commonality, but instead have a set of \"family resemblances\". This thinker described a shopkeeper who has to look up the word \"red\", and described builders being told to collect \"blocks, pillars, slabs and beams\". This creator of language games closed another book with the line, \"whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent\". For 10 points, name this Austrian philosopher who wrote Philosophical Investigations and the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.", "answer": "Ludwig Wittgenstein [or Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein]", "page": "Ludwig_Wittgenstein", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129766, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124251, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 254], [255, 406], [407, 528], [529, 653]], "first_sentence": "Stanley Cavell analyzes this philosopher and \"skepticism, morality, and tragedy\" in his magnum opus, The Claim of Reason.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of this group's leaders was assassinated in Operation Anthropoid. They came to power after an event which was initiated using the code word \"hummingbird.\" As part of one operation, this organization controlled units called Einsatzgruppen. The ODESSA program was created to help members of this organization escape to places like South America. They grew out of a group that was purged during the Night of the Long Knives, the SA, and included an armed \"Waffen\" branch. For 10 points, name this paramilitary branch of the Nazi Party responsible for overseeing much of the Holocaust, which was headed by Heinrich Himmler.", "answer": "Nazi SS [or Schutzstaffel]", "page": "Schutzstaffel", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129765, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124252, "tokenizations": [[0, 69], [70, 158], [159, 242], [243, 347], [348, 472], [473, 623]], "first_sentence": "One of this group's leaders was assassinated in Operation Anthropoid.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The narrator of the Shusaku Endo novel Silence is a member of this profession. It's not teacher, but a member of this profession named Arnall delivers a lecture that scares Stephen Dedalus in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The title character is kicked out of his training in this profession due to public drunkenness and ends up as the lover of Sharon Falconer in a novel by Sinclair Lewis. The main character of The Power and the Glory is described as a \"whiskey\" one of these people. For 10 points, identify this profession of Elmer Gantry, who do God's work in spreading the word of Jesus and are often called \"Father.\"", "answer": "priest [or equivalents like preacher, minister, reverend, clergyman, etc.]", "page": "PriEsT", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129764, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124253, "tokenizations": [[0, 78], [79, 232], [233, 401], [402, 496], [497, 633]], "first_sentence": "The narrator of the Shusaku Endo novel Silence is a member of this profession.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This leader's trade relationship with the South during the American Civil War led many \"Confederados\" to immigrate to his country. Giuseppe Garibaldi participated in an uprising against this leader called the Ragamuffin War. His reformist daughter Isabel served as regent during his many tours of Europe. This man's nation defeated the forces of Juan Manuel de Rosas in the Platine War, during which his army was led by the Duke of Caxias. His regime issued the Law of the Sexagenarians and the Law of the Free Birth, both of which foreshadowed his ending of slavery in his country through the Golden Law. For 10 points, name this second and final Emperor of Brazil.", "answer": "Dom Pedro II [prompt on just \"Pedro\"]", "page": "Pedro_II_of_Brazil", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129763, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124254, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 224], [225, 304], [305, 439], [440, 605], [606, 666]], "first_sentence": "This leader's trade relationship with the South during the American Civil War led many \"Confederados\" to immigrate to his country.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The formation of one type of these objects is characterized by a free expansion phase, a Sedov-Taylor phase, and finally a cooling phase. 84 of these objects are listed in the Gum catalogue, and \"dark\" objects of this type are so dense that light from surrounding objects cannot pass through them. A well-studied one of these objects is the first entry in the Messier catalogue. Very old red giant stars can eject material that forms the \"planetary\" type of these objects. The Pillars of Creation are a part of one of these objects named \"Eagle.\" For 10 points, name these pretty astronomical clouds of star-forming gas and dust that include ones named \"Orion\" and \"Crab.\"", "answer": "nebulae [or emission nebulae; or planetary nebulae; or dark nebulae]", "page": "Nebula", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129762, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124255, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 297], [298, 378], [379, 472], [473, 546], [547, 672]], "first_sentence": "The formation of one type of these objects is characterized by a free expansion phase, a Sedov-Taylor phase, and finally a cooling phase.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Rudolph Marcus combined the assumptions of Hinshelwood with RRK theory to estimate this quantity. This quantity changes due to isotopic substitution in the kinetic isotope effect. This quantity is equal to the product of the concentrations of reactants raised to their order, all multiplied by a namesake constant of proportionality. The constant associated with this process is proportional to the exponential of negative activation energy divided by RT according to the Arrhenius equation. This quantity, which is equivalent to the change in reactant concentration over time, can be increased with a catalyst. For 10 points, give this value which refers to the speed of a reaction.\u2028", "answer": "reaction rate", "page": "Reaction_rate", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129761, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124256, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 179], [180, 333], [334, 491], [492, 611], [612, 684]], "first_sentence": "Rudolph Marcus combined the assumptions of Hinshelwood with RRK theory to estimate this quantity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The second section of a novel by this author quotes extensively from Mr. Povondra's newspaper clippings, and that novel contains a \"supplementary chapter\" about the sex lives of some animals. In one of his works, a protagonist is appalled to earn that some creatures are sterile like flowers, after which she burns a manuscript describing the production of omega-enzyme and biogene. This author of War with the Newts wrote a play in which Alquist approves of the developing love between Helena and Primus after the revolt of the title figures against their human creators. For 10 points, name this Czech playwright who coined the term \"robot\" in R.U.R. ", "answer": "Karel Capek [\"CHA-pek\"]", "page": "Karel_\u010capek", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129760, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124257, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [192, 382], [383, 572], [573, 652]], "first_sentence": "The second section of a novel by this author quotes extensively from Mr. Povondra's newspaper clippings, and that novel contains a \"supplementary chapter\" about the sex lives of some animals.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Early in his career, this composer incorporated aspects of the concerto grosso into a series of three consecutive symphonies titled Le matin, Le midi, and Le soir. In a G major symphony by this composer, the Allegretto second movement introduces an ensemble of triangle, cymbals, and bass drum to imitate Turkish Janissary bands. For the Esterh\u00c3\u00a1zy family, this composer wrote a symphony that ends with all but two violins leaving the stage. In the second movement of this composer's Symphony No. 94, the quiet opening theme is interrupted by a sudden loud chord. For 10 points, name this composer of symphonies nicknamed Military, Farewell, and Surprise.", "answer": "Joseph Haydn [or Franz Joseph Haydn]", "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129759, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124258, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 329], [330, 441], [442, 563], [564, 655]], "first_sentence": "Early in his career, this composer incorporated aspects of the concerto grosso into a series of three consecutive symphonies titled Le matin, Le midi, and Le soir.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Toronto FC forward Sebastian Giovinco is nicknamed the \"atomic [one of these creatures].\" In Rick and Morty, a bunch of these creatures constantly swarm over the eyes of an electronics salesman with the last name Johnson. One of these creatures is voiced by Woody Allen in a Dreamworks Animation film released around the same time as Pixar's A Bug's Life. Secret identities of a superhero imitating the traits of these insects have included Hank Pym and Scott Lang. Raisins are placed on a piece of celery with peanut butter on it to imitate these insects \"on a log.\" For 10 points, name these insects mimicked by a Marvel superhero played by Paul Rudd who can shrink his size.", "answer": "ants", "page": "Ant", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129758, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124259, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [88, 221], [222, 355], [356, 465], [466, 566], [566, 677]], "first_sentence": "Toronto FC forward Sebastian Giovinco is nicknamed the \"atomic [one of these creatures].", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Roman Catholics cite John 3:5 as the basis for performing this practice, while Jehovah's Witnesses do not recognize any instance of this practice performed by another sect after 1914. Catholic teachings hold that this event can occur through desire and through martyrdom in addition to the more common method, which often involves aspersion or affusion. When this ceremony is performed in Catholic churches, a prayer of exorcism is said. After Jesus received this sacrament, the voice of God declared that Jesus is his son. For 10 points, identify this sacrament commonly undergone by Christian infants, the main profession of Jesus's cousin John.", "answer": "baptism [or word forms like baptizing]", "page": "Baptism", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129757, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124260, "tokenizations": [[0, 183], [184, 353], [354, 437], [438, 523], [524, 647]], "first_sentence": "Roman Catholics cite John 3:5 as the basis for performing this practice, while Jehovah's Witnesses do not recognize any instance of this practice performed by another sect after 1914.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in one of this author's poems \"came home with a smooth round stone / as small as a world and as large as alone\". That poem ends with the line \"its always ourselves we find in the sea\". Another poem by this author ends \"how do you like your blue-eyed boy / Mister Death\". In another poem by this author of \"maggie and millie and molly and may\" and \"[Buffalo Bill's]\", \"a yearning nation's blueeyed pride\" is instructed by colonel trig westpointer to beat the title character, who was \"more brave than me:more blond than you\". For 10 points, name this poet of \"i sing of olaf glad and big\" who frequently used unconventional punctuation and capitalization.", "answer": "Edward Estlin Cummings [or E.E. Cummings]", "page": "E._E._Cummings", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129756, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124261, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 196], [197, 282], [283, 536], [537, 666]], "first_sentence": "A character in one of this author's poems \"came home with a smooth round stone / as small as a world and as large as alone\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Nobles in this country were granted equality after the passage of the Golden Liberty. A ruler of this country known as \"the Brave\" was the first to unite it, and was a member of the Piast dynasty. Members of this country's nobility also sat in its legislature, in which all members had a veto power that nullified the laws passed in any given session. That legislature was called the Sejm [\"same\"]. After the signing of the Union of Lublin, this nation formed a commonwealth with Lithuania. A king of this nation relieved a siege at Vienna, turning back an Ottoman invasion of Europe. For 10 points, name this nation which was ruled by men like Jan III Sobieski from Warsaw.", "answer": "Poland [or Polska]", "page": "Poland", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129755, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124262, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 196], [197, 351], [352, 398], [399, 490], [491, 584], [585, 674]], "first_sentence": "Nobles in this country were granted equality after the passage of the Golden Liberty.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This non-Doppler effect phenomenon creates the Lorentzian profile of spectral lines because it causes natural broadening. This statement is responsible for the nonzero value of zero-point energy. One of these statements exists for any set of variables that do not commute, such as for time and energy. The formulator of this statement created a thought experiment involving a microscope attempting to observe an electron.  This statement sets a lower bound of the reduced Planck's constant over two. For 10 points, name this principle which states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot both be precisely known.\u2028", "answer": "Heisenberg uncertainty principle", "page": "Uncertainty_principle", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129754, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124263, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 195], [196, 301], [302, 423], [423, 499], [500, 625]], "first_sentence": "This non-Doppler effect phenomenon creates the Lorentzian profile of spectral lines because it causes natural broadening.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An enzyme that targets a secretion of this organ is referred to as P-30 due to its size. Secretions of this organ include citric acid and a namesake acid phosphatase. A disease of this organ is scored on the Gleason scale. A hyperplasia of this organ can be detected by testing for its namesake \"specific-antigen\".  The secretions produced by this organ combine with those of the bulbo-urethral gland and the seminal vesicle before they are released from the body. Cancers of this organ are commonly checked via a digital rectal exam. For 10 points, name this male reproductive gland, whose tumors are the most common cause of cancer in men.", "answer": "prostate", "page": "Prostate", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129753, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124264, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 166], [167, 222], [223, 316], [316, 464], [465, 534], [535, 641]], "first_sentence": "An enzyme that targets a secretion of this organ is referred to as P-30 due to its size.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man lost a highly contentious Senate election to Truman Newberry. He built an industrial town in the middle of the Amazon rainforest that he named after himself. Security guards hired by this man attacked labor organizers while they were taking a group photograph in the \"Battle of the Overpass.\" He published the Protocols of the Elders of Zion and other anti-Semitic articles in his newspaper, the Dearborn Independent. This man raised his worker's wages to a staggering five dollars per day and perfected assembly line manufacturing. For 10 points, name this American businessman whose namesake car company produced the Model T.", "answer": "Henry Ford", "page": "Henry_Ford", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129752, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124265, "tokenizations": [[0, 70], [71, 166], [167, 301], [302, 426], [427, 541], [542, 636]], "first_sentence": "This man lost a highly contentious Senate election to Truman Newberry.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This hero's kingship is usurped by Menestheus after he, like Paris, leaves to kidnap a young Helen of Troy and take her as his wife. He is given a glass of poisoned wine by his stepmother Medea, but it is knocked out of his hands at the last second. This hero's second wife falls in love with Hippolytus, this man's son by the Amazon queen Hippolyta. This hero's failure to change the black sails on his ship to white ones leads his mortal father Aegeus to despairingly throw himself into the sea. He abandons Ariadne on an island shortly after she gives him a ball of string with which to navigate the Labyrinth. For 10 points, name this hero who slays the Minotaur.", "answer": "Theseus", "page": "Theseus", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129751, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124266, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 249], [250, 350], [351, 497], [498, 613], [614, 667]], "first_sentence": "This hero's kingship is usurped by Menestheus after he, like Paris, leaves to kidnap a young Helen of Troy and take her as his wife.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This technique's \"logistic\" form can be used when a certain quantity can only have two possible values. A value that measures the effectiveness of the results of this technique is the coefficient of determination, which is often denoted as r-squared. The earliest applications of this technique used the method of least squares to determine the orbits of celestial bodies. The true values of the estimated parameters in this technique are often denoted with a beta. For 10 points, identify this common statistical modeling technique, the linear variety of which uses a linear combination of predictor variables to predict a dependent variable by fitting a line to a set of data.", "answer": "regression [or logistic regression; or linear regression]", "page": "Logistic_regression", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129750, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124267, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 250], [251, 372], [373, 465], [466, 678]], "first_sentence": "This technique's \"logistic\" form can be used when a certain quantity can only have two possible values.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this painting, a man wearing green pants is clasping his hands in prayer and looking to the ground next to the central figure. A group of rioters is visible behind Principe Pio in this painting's background. Its companion piece shows townspeople attacking Turkish soldiers to prevent the transport of the Infanta and is sometimes titled The Charge of the Mameluks. A large cubic lantern illuminates the central yellow-and-white clad figure of this painting, who extends his arms in despair as he faces a row of French executioners. For 10 points, name this Francisco Goya painting that depicts Napoleon's army massacring Spanish citizens on the title date.", "answer": "Third of May, 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid [or The Third of May, 1808: the Executions on Principe Pio Hill; or El tres de mayo de 1808 en Madrid]", "page": "The_Third_of_May_1808", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129749, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124268, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 210], [211, 367], [368, 534], [535, 659]], "first_sentence": "In this painting, a man wearing green pants is clasping his hands in prayer and looking to the ground next to the central figure.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man claimed he couldn't stand to hear his opponent speak after vomiting during a campaign speech. With his rival George Brown, this man formed the Great Coalition. He resigned from one post after donations from Hugh Allan, the head of a certain railway company, were revealed to public. This politician's government faced a revolt led by a member of the Metis people named Louis Riel in the Red River Rebellion. Alexander McKenzie replaced this man after the Pacific Scandal. This man oversaw the passage of the 1867 British North America Act, which granted his nation independence. For 10 points, name this first Prime Minister of Canada.", "answer": "John A. Macdonald [or John Alexander Macdonald]", "page": "John_A._Macdonald", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129748, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124269, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [103, 168], [169, 291], [292, 416], [417, 480], [481, 587], [588, 644]], "first_sentence": "This man claimed he couldn't stand to hear his opponent speak after vomiting during a campaign speech.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character admonishes another to not show others the \"the steep and thorny way to heaven\" while treading the \"primrose path of dalliance.\" In one scene, this character hands out flowers and herbs but keeps rue to herself. A character picks up a skull at this character's burial, at which this character's brother jumps into the grave. This character sings nonsense like \"hey non nonny, nonny\" in a scene that takes place shortly before her death. After a soliloquy that states that \"conscience does make cowards of us all,\" this sister of Laertes is told to \"Get thee to a nunnery.\" For 10 points, name this Shakespearean character, the daughter of Polonius who drowns in Hamlet.", "answer": "Ophelia", "page": "Ophelia", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129747, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124270, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 225], [226, 338], [339, 450], [451, 586], [587, 683]], "first_sentence": "This character admonishes another to not show others the \"the steep and thorny way to heaven\" while treading the \"primrose path of dalliance.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Angus Calder wrote a book titled after \"The Myth\" of this event, claiming that the perceived civilian response to it was itself a product of wartime propaganda. A photograph called \"St. Paul's Survives\" became a symbol of this event. A man gave the \"Every Man to his Post\" speech during this event, the failure of which led to the cancellation of Operation Sea Lion. During this event, the Luftwaffe bombed London for 57 consecutive nights. For 10 points, name this campaign of strategic bombing of the United Kingdom in 1940-1941 that takes its name from a shortening of the name given to Nazi war tactics.", "answer": "The Blitz [or the London Blitz; prompt on Battle of Britain until it is read; do not accept \"blitzkrieg\"]", "page": "The_Blitz", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129746, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124271, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 233], [234, 366], [367, 440], [441, 607]], "first_sentence": "Angus Calder wrote a book titled after \"The Myth\" of this event, claiming that the perceived civilian response to it was itself a product of wartime propaganda.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "his term was coined in A Study of History by British historian Arnold Toynbee. A book that analyzes the effect of this phenomenon in architecture was written by Fredric Jameson and is subtitled The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. This term was defined as \"incredulity towards metanarratives\" in a book about this type of Condition by Jean-Francois Lyotard. This intellectual movement emphasizes the use of irony and parody, or pastiche, and the mixing of \"high\" culture and popular culture. Philosophers of this intellectual era include Jacques Derrida and Jean Baudrillard. For 10 points, give this term for the broad artistic and intellectual response to modernism.", "answer": "postmodernism [or po-mo]", "page": "Postmodernism", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129745, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124272, "tokenizations": [[0, 78], [79, 232], [233, 359], [360, 493], [494, 577], [578, 670]], "first_sentence": "his term was coined in A Study of History by British historian Arnold Toynbee.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An iconic scene involving this film character was inspired by the scene in Metropolis in which Rotwang turns Maria into a robot. In one film, this character states \"We belong dead\" before pulling a lever to destroy Dr. Pretorius' facility. This character appeared in two films directed by James Whale, including one in which he is rejected by a woman with frizzy black-and-white hair intended to be his bride. This character is chased into a mill by torch-wielding peasants in a Universal monster movie in which he is played by Boris Karloff. For 10 points, name this character whose creation elicits the quote \"It's alive! It's alive!\", a green monster with two bolts in his neck.", "answer": "Dr. Frankenstein's monster [or the monster; or Dr. Frankenstein's creature; prompt on \"Frankenstein\" alone; do not accept or prompt on \"Doctor Henry Frankenstein\" or \"Doctor Frankenstein\"] ", "page": "Frankenstein's_monster", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129744, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124273, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 239], [240, 409], [410, 542], [543, 623], [624, 636], [636, 681]], "first_sentence": "An iconic scene involving this film character was inspired by the scene in Metropolis in which Rotwang turns Maria into a robot.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this poem feels the souls of two hundred of his companions fly by, like the whizz of a crossbow, after they are killed by a woman with skin \"as white as leprosy\". That character is the only survivor of a dice game in which he is won by Life-in-Death. In this poem, the title character is left \"as idle as a painted ship upon a painted ocean\" after the loss of a good south wind, and tells of \"water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink\". The Wedding Guest is told how the title character of this poem was forced to wear the albatross he killed around his neck. For 10 points, name this poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge about the title seafaring man.", "answer": "\"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner\"", "page": "The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129743, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124274, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 265], [266, 457], [458, 580], [581, 668]], "first_sentence": "A character in this poem feels the souls of two hundred of his companions fly by, like the whizz of a crossbow, after they are killed by a woman with skin \"as white as leprosy\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One form of this quantity is equal to the negative trace of the product of the density matrix with its natural log. A different form of this quantity used in information theory is the expected value of the information obtainable from a message. This quantity's differential is multiplied with temperature in the fundamental thermodynamic relation since this quantity is conjugate to temperature. This quantity, which has a variety named for Shannon, is defined as Boltzmann's constant times the natural log of the number of microstates. In an isolated system this value never decreases according to the second law of thermodynamics. For 10 points, name this measure of disorder in a system.", "answer": "entropy", "page": "Entropy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129742, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124275, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 244], [245, 395], [396, 536], [537, 632], [633, 690]], "first_sentence": "One form of this quantity is equal to the negative trace of the product of the density matrix with its natural log.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Imelda Marcos tried to impress the leader of this organization by building him a mansion made out of coconuts. In Mexico, a government crackdown on this institution led to the Cristero War. A terrorist cell based in the Philippines tried to assassinate the leader of this institution in the Bojinka plot. A hit squad dispatched by \"Blowtorch Bob\" killed a high-ranking member of this organization in Honduras, Oscar Romero. Latin American revolutionaries combined this institution's teachings with Marxism to create Liberation Theology. For 10 points, name this religious institution that opposed communism under the leadership of Pope John Paul II.  ", "answer": " the Roman Catholic Church [or Catholicism; or the Papacy; prompt on non-specific answers like \"Christianity\" or \"the Church\"]", "page": "Catholic_Church", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129741, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124276, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 189], [190, 304], [305, 423], [424, 536], [537, 651]], "first_sentence": "Imelda Marcos tried to impress the leader of this organization by building him a mansion made out of coconuts.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a story from this collection, a scrivener scrounges for money to buy a \"g.p.\" and later beats his son at home. The sound of an organ reminds the protagonist of her mother in this collection's story that ends with the title character refusing to accompany Frank to Buenos Aires. Canvassers for Richard Tierney celebrate Charles Parnell's life in its story \"Ivy Day in the Committee Room.\" Greta reminisces about Michael Furey after hearing \"The Lass of Aughrim\" sung at a party that is attended by Gabriel Conroy and held by the Morkan sisters in this collection's story \"The Dead.\" For 10 points, name this collection by James Joyce named for the inhabitants of an Irish city.", "answer": "Dubliners", "page": "Dubliners", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129740, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124277, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 280], [281, 390], [391, 584], [585, 679]], "first_sentence": "In a story from this collection, a scrivener scrounges for money to buy a \"g.p.\" and later beats his son at home.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In Japanese mythology, the movement of one of these places can be controlled by two jewels given to Hoori. Vishnu's second avatar keeps a mountain from entering another of these places, which emits the poisonous Hala-hala during an effort to retrieve amrita via this place's namesake \"churning.\" Laocoon is strangled to death by some monsters from this realm home to the neighboring beasts Scylla and Charybdis. Aegeus commits suicide by entering one of these places named for him, and Icarus falls into this place and dies when his wings melt from flying too close to the sun. For 10 points, name this realm ruled by Poseidon.", "answer": "ocean [or sea; or ocean of milk]", "page": "Ocean", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129739, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124278, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 294], [294, 295], [296, 411], [412, 577], [578, 627]], "first_sentence": "In Japanese mythology, the movement of one of these places can be controlled by two jewels given to Hoori.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This instrument plays the very opening notes of Miles Davis's \"So What.\" It is played by a musician who reworked \"Watermelon Man\" and placed it next to \"Chameleon\" in the album Head Hunters. On Kind of Blue, the tracks \"Blue in Green\" and \"Flamenco Sketches\" were written by both Davis and a performer of this instrument named Bill Evans. This instrument was played by the composer of the jazz standards \"Straight, No Chaser\" and \"Round Midnight.\" A standard jazz trio comprises a double bass, drums, and this instrument played by Herbie Hancock, Thelonious Monk, and Dave Brubeck. For 10 points, name this jazz instrument with eighty-eight keys.", "answer": "piano", "page": "Piano", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129738, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124279, "tokenizations": [[0, 71], [71, 190], [191, 338], [339, 446], [446, 581], [582, 646]], "first_sentence": "This instrument plays the very opening notes of Miles Davis's \"So What.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This practice was protested against by the Catonsville Nine. A jacket with a vulgar statement referencing this practice written on it was declared protected free speech in the Supreme Court case Cohen v. California. Soldiers led by John Wool put down a riot against this practice that burned down an African-American orphanage. Partially because wealthy Americans could avoid it by paying $300, an 1863 riot occurred against this practice in New York City. Jimmy Carter controversially pardoned people who \"dodged\" this practice by living in Canada. For 10 points, name this practice that provided most of the American army's personnel during the Vietnam War. ", "answer": "the military draft [or conscription; or the Selective Service System] ", "page": "Conscription", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129737, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124280, "tokenizations": [[0, 60], [61, 215], [216, 327], [328, 456], [457, 549], [550, 659]], "first_sentence": "This practice was protested against by the Catonsville Nine.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Matter distribution around these objects is accounted for by the Navarro-Frenk-White profile. De Vaucouleurs' [\"voh-koo-LURES\"] law relates the surface brightness and apparent distance of these objects. MOND theory was created to account for the unexpected observations in these objects made by Vera Rubin, who measured their orbital speed against radius. Intrinsic luminosity and emission line width for these objects were related by Tully and Fisher, and Seyfert names some of these that have active nuclei. The one nicknamed \"Cartwheel\" is a lenticular one. For 10 points, name these collections of stars that come in elliptical and spiral varieties, like our Milky Way.", "answer": "galaxies [accept specific galaxies, like spiral or elliptical, until mention]", "page": "Galaxy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129736, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124281, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [94, 127], [128, 202], [203, 355], [356, 509], [510, 560], [561, 673]], "first_sentence": "Matter distribution around these objects is accounted for by the Navarro-Frenk-White profile.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this composer's Piano Concerto No. 3, a short cadenza links the second-movement Intermezzo to a finale marked Alla breve. An A minor theme is inverted and cast into D-flat major in the eighteenth section of a piece by this composer sometimes considered to be in the same genre as his Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor.\u00c2\u00ad This composer's Morceaux [\"mor-SOH\"] de fantaisie includes a popular Prelude in C-sharp minor filled with big chords. A piano soloist and orchestra play a set of twenty-four variations by this composer based on the Caprice No. 24 of the title Italian virtuoso violinist. For 10 points, name this composer of Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.", "answer": "Sergei Rachmaninoff [or Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff]", "page": "Sergei_Rachmaninoff", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129735, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124282, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 319], [319, 346], [347, 439], [440, 548], [549, 592], [593, 662]], "first_sentence": "In this composer's Piano Concerto No. 3, a short cadenza links the second-movement Intermezzo to a finale marked Alla breve.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This religion holds that salvation is denied only to the \"sons of perdition\" who have perfect knowledge of the truth but willingly turn away from it; everyone else, according to this religion, will be assigned to one of the celestial, telestial, or terrestrial \"kingdoms of glory\". Men who follow this religion may choose to join the Melchizedek priesthood, and every worthy male is considered a member of this religion's Aaronic priesthood. This religion is named after the fourth-century prophet who allegedly engraved an account of his revelations onto golden plates. For 10 points, name this religion whose eponymous \"Book\" is taught to have been translated by Joseph Smith.", "answer": "Mormonism [or the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints; or LDS]", "page": "Mormonism", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129734, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124283, "tokenizations": [[0, 281], [282, 441], [442, 570], [571, 678]], "first_sentence": "This religion holds that salvation is denied only to the \"sons of perdition\" who have perfect knowledge of the truth but willingly turn away from it; everyone else, according to this religion, will be assigned to one of the celestial, telestial, or terrestrial \"kingdoms of glory\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After one ruler involved in this war fled to the Ottoman Empire, they defeated this war's victor in the Pruth [\"prooth\"] River Campaign. During this war, Augustus the Strong signed the Treaty of Thorn, allying his kingdom with the victorious side. The losing ruler of this conflict was shot and killed during a siege of Fredriksten. Despite being heavily outnumbered, one side in this war relieved a siege at the Battle of Narva. This war, which ended with the Treaty of Nystad, resulted in a nation led by Charles XII losing its status as the dominant Baltic power. For 10 points, name this war in which Peter the Great's Russia won at Poltava against the Swedish Empire.", "answer": "Great Northern War", "page": "Great_Northern_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129733, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124284, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 136], [137, 247], [248, 332], [333, 429], [430, 566], [567, 672]], "first_sentence": "After one ruler involved in this war fled to the Ottoman Empire, they defeated this war's victor in the Pruth [\"prooth\"]", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this short story collection remembers touching his date's knee during the climactic shootout of Bonnie and Clyde. The last story in this collection describes how the narrator's childhood girlfriend Linda died of a brain tumor.  In another story in this collection, the narrator begins crying while on a boat in the Rainy River.  Curt Lemon dies and Rat Kiley shoots a water buffalo in this collection's \"How to Tell a True War Story\".  Ted Lavender is killed while the commanding officer Jimmy Cross is thinking of his girlfriend in the title story of this collection.  For 10 points, name this memoir of the Vietnam War by Tim O'Brien, whose title objects include salt tablets, chewing gum, and M-16s.", "answer": "The Things They Carried", "page": "The_Things_They_Carried", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129732, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124285, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 243], [243, 344], [344, 451], [451, 585], [585, 717]], "first_sentence": "A character in this short story collection remembers touching his date's knee during the climactic shootout of Bonnie and Clyde.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The J chain is found in the A and M isotypes of these proteins which are a dimer and pentamer respectively. These proteins are used with enzymes in the ELISA [\"eh-LIE-suh\"] assay. The diversity of these proteins is increased by mechanisms like somatic hypermutation and V-D-J recombination. These proteins are used to visualize the results of a western blot. Hybridomas, which are derived from plasma cells, produce monoclonal varieties of these proteins which in the body they are typically polyclonal. These proteins consist of two heavy chains and two light chains. For 10 points, name these Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells which bind to antigens.", "answer": "antibody [or immunoglobulins]", "page": "Antibody", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129731, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124286, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 179], [180, 290], [291, 358], [359, 503], [504, 568], [569, 656]], "first_sentence": "The J chain is found in the A and M isotypes of these proteins which are a dimer and pentamer respectively.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A naval blockade during this war caused a starving nation to experience the \"Turnip Winter\" and eat synthetic \"war bread.\" This war included the Battle of Coronel and a naval engagement in the Falkland Islands, where Maximilian von Spee died. One side's naval strategy was masterminded by Reinhard Scheer. William Thomas Turner may have provoked a naval incident in this war by not following a zig-zag pattern. John Jellicoe commanded British dreadnoughts in a battle during this war fought off the coast of Denmark. The Battle of Jutland occurred during, for 10 points, what war that the United States entered after the sinking of the Lusitania.", "answer": "World War I [or WWI; or the First World War; the Great War]  ", "page": "World_War_I", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129730, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124287, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [121, 242], [243, 305], [306, 410], [411, 516], [517, 646]], "first_sentence": "A naval blockade during this war caused a starving nation to experience the \"Turnip Winter\" and eat synthetic \"war bread.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Electronic transitions are forbidden if they do not change this property according to the Laporte selection rule. Point groups characterize this property of a molecule. In molecules with this property, modes cannot be both IR and Raman active according to the rule of mutual exclusion. Molecules with this property are not polar even if they have polar bonds. Because meso compounds have one form of this property, they are not chiral, as that form of this property results in a superimposable mirror image. For 10 points, name this property a molecule can have if its shape is the same after a transformation such as inversion, rotation, or reflection.\u2028", "answer": "symmetry [accept specific answers such as centrosymmetry or inversion symmetry]", "page": "Symmetry", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129729, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124288, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 168], [169, 285], [286, 359], [360, 507], [508, 654]], "first_sentence": "Electronic transitions are forbidden if they do not change this property according to the Laporte selection rule.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Maimonides attempted to refute kalam theology by describing how an object undergoing this process does not explode. Jean Buridan explained this phenomenon with his theory of impetus. This phenomenon is called \"the reduction of something from potentiality to actuality\" in the first of Aquinas' five arguments for God's existence. A treatise on this subject attempts to refute the dichotomy and arrow paradoxes that were described by Zeno of Elea. In On the Heavens, Aristotle writes that this phenomenon occurs from, towards, or about the center, and it is also the subject of his Physics. For 10 points, identify this condition in which an object is not stationary.", "answer": "motion [or obvious equivalents like movement; or types of motion like linear or rotational motion; or kinesis; prompt on \"change\" or similar answers]", "page": "Rotation_around_a_fixed_axis", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129728, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124289, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 182], [183, 329], [330, 446], [447, 589], [590, 666]], "first_sentence": "Maimonides attempted to refute kalam theology by describing how an object undergoing this process does not explode.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A novel from this country begins with soldiers burning down a farmer's hut, after which Demetrio goes on a journey with some rebels. The title character of a novel from this country allows a town to die of hunger, creating a ghost town that the protagonist visits, dies in, and continues wandering. In addition to The Underdogs, this country is the setting of a novel about Tita that has sections named for the months. The authors of Like Water for Chocolate and Pedro Paramo were from this country, which is the setting of a novel that recalls the life of a business tycoon on his deathbed. For 10 points, name this country, the setting of The Death of Artemio Cruz and home to Laura Esquivel and Carlos Fuentes.", "answer": "Mexico [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]", "page": "Mexico", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129727, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124290, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 298], [299, 418], [419, 591], [592, 713]], "first_sentence": "A novel from this country begins with soldiers burning down a farmer's hut, after which Demetrio goes on a journey with some rebels.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Former WWF CEO Gerald Butts advises a politician whose district is in this region, and that politician defeated Joyce Murray in an election prompted by Michael Ignatieff's resignation. Another politician from this region gave the middle finger to a group of protesters in Salmon Arm, and claimed to have mouthed the words \"fuddle duddle\" during a session of the House of Commons. This province is home to the current leader of the Liberal Party, and to a man who invoked the War Measures act in dealing with the kidnapping of Pierre Laporte. For 10 points, name this province which dealt with separatists in the October Crisis and is the home of Justin and Pierre Trudeau.", "answer": "Quebec", "page": "Quebec", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129726, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124291, "tokenizations": [[0, 184], [185, 379], [380, 541], [542, 672]], "first_sentence": "Former WWF CEO Gerald Butts advises a politician whose district is in this region, and that politician defeated Joyce Murray in an election prompted by Michael Ignatieff's resignation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man's lyric \"and if I die before the album drop-\" is interrupted by gunshots. The chorus of one of this man's songs offers a choice between \"Halle Berry or hallelujah.\" This man raps \"brace yourself, I'll take you on a trip down memory lane\" in a song that begins \"If Pirus and Crips all got along/ they'd probably gun me down by the end of this song.\" A girl named Sherane reappears throughout an album by this man that includes the songs \"Sing About Me, I'm Dying of Thirst\" and \"Money Trees.\" His most recent album includes \"The Blacker the Berry\" and \"King Kunta.\" For 10 points, name this rapper whose albums include To Pimp A Butterfly and Good Kid, M.A.A.D City.", "answer": "Kendrick Lamar Duckworth [accept any of the underlined portions; or K-Dot] ", "page": "Kendrick_Lamar", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129725, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124292, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 172], [172, 357], [358, 446], [446, 500], [501, 573], [574, 674]], "first_sentence": "This man's lyric \"and if I die before the album drop-\" is interrupted by gunshots.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During his 1915 visit to this country, Charles Bartlett participated in a revival of one of its major art forms. A print of three women in a triangular arrangement called Three Beauties of the Present Day is an example of a genre of pictures of beautiful women from this country. Van Gogh made a copy of a picture of sudden rain over a bridge from this country. A name of a major art form from this country translates as \"pictures of the floating world\". The Great Wave is the best-recognized print from an artist from this country's series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji. For 10 points name this home country of Hiroshige and Hokusai.", "answer": "Japan [or Nihon]", "page": "Japan", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129724, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124293, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 279], [280, 361], [362, 454], [455, 572], [573, 635]], "first_sentence": "During his 1915 visit to this country, Charles Bartlett participated in a revival of one of its major art forms.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one novel by this author Ebenezer Caudray marries Deruchette, the beloved of a character who retrieves a steam engine for Lethierry. A character in one novel by this author consoles himself for losing the woman he is obsessed with by visiting the Field of the Lark. In a novel by this author, a priest gives a set of silver candlesticks to a man who takes the alias Monsieur Madeleine. This author, who wrote of Gilliat in Toilers of the Sea, also wrote a novel in which Eponine tracks down the woman that Marius is in love with, Cosette. Prisoner 24601 is pursued by Javert in that novel by this author. For 10 points, name this author who created Jean Valjean in Les Mis\u00c3\u00a9rables.", "answer": "Victor Hugo [or Victor Marie Hugo]", "page": "Victor_Hugo", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129723, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124294, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 268], [269, 388], [389, 541], [542, 607], [608, 684]], "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author Ebenezer Caudray marries Deruchette, the beloved of a character who retrieves a steam engine for Lethierry.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One commander at this battle ordered the execution of their prisoners but spared higher ranking captives like Jean le Maingre and Charles of Orleans. That commander at this battle had his crown pilfered during a small assault on his army's baggage train. Cavalry charges were prevented by fortifications made with pointed stakes and earlier rains caused the Charles d'Albret-led army to become fatigued as they marched through knee-deep mud during this battle, which took place on St. Crispin's Day. For ten points, name this 1415 victory for Henry V during the Hundred Years' War in which the larger French army was mowed down by the English longbows.", "answer": "Battle of Agincourt", "page": "Battle_of_Agincourt", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129722, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124295, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 254], [255, 499], [500, 652]], "first_sentence": "One commander at this battle ordered the execution of their prisoners but spared higher ranking captives like Jean le Maingre and Charles of Orleans.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a novel by this author, the narrator compares his difficulty in relating the story to his inability to perform in bed. In that novel, whose title is taken from a Constantine Cavafy poem, Colonel Joll leads the Third Bureau against the title people. In another of this author's novels, the protagonist believes that he has \"solved the problem of sex rather well\" through sleeping with the prostitute Soraya. That protagonist of this author's novel is an English professor who is fired from his job after his affair with his student Melanie Isaacs is discovered. For 10 points, name this creator of David Lurie, the South African author of Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace.", "answer": "John Maxwell Coetzee", "page": "J._M._Coetzee", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129721, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124296, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 251], [252, 409], [410, 563], [564, 681]], "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, the narrator compares his difficulty in relating the story to his inability to perform in bed.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This hero witnesses the omen of a thunderclap followed by a shooting star, which takes place after his son's head miraculously catches fire. This man is shown a gate of horn through which true visions pass, which contrasts with an ivory gate filled with false dreams. Upon seeing that the youth Pallas's belt is being worn as a trophy, this hero kills Turnus. The Cumaean [\"kew-MAY-un\"] Sibyl instructs this hero to pluck a golden bough to gain entrance to the underworld. Soon after escaping a burning Troy with his son Ascanius and his father Anchises, this hero lands at Carthage and falls in love with Dido. For 10 points, name this title character of an epic poem by Virgil.", "answer": "Aeneas", "page": "Aeneas", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129720, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124297, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 267], [268, 359], [360, 386], [387, 472], [473, 611], [612, 679]], "first_sentence": "This hero witnesses the omen of a thunderclap followed by a shooting star, which takes place after his son's head miraculously catches fire.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This country kidnapped and imprisoned a nuclear scientist who gave information about its nuclear program to the Sunday Times. In Operation Opera, this nation destroyed the Osirak nuclear reactor. Hitmen acting on behalf of this nation killed a Moroccan waiter they mistook for Ali Hassan Salameh in the Lillehammer incident. Even though it was officially neutral, this country had scud missiles launched at it by Iraq during the First Gulf War. This country initiated Operation Wrath of God to hunt down members of Black September after eleven of its athletes were killed at the 1972 Munich Olympics. For 10 points, name this country whose secret service is the Mossad.", "answer": "Israel [or State of Israel] ", "page": "Israel", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129719, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124298, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 195], [196, 324], [325, 444], [445, 600], [601, 669]], "first_sentence": "This country kidnapped and imprisoned a nuclear scientist who gave information about its nuclear program to the Sunday Times.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The computationally challenging \"discrete\" form of this function is used in many cryptographic tools. As N grows to infinity, the number of digits needed to represent N experiences a type of growth named after this function. This function of \"1 plus X\" yields the Mercator series, which becomes the alternating harmonic series at \"x equals one\". The derivative of one form of this function equals \"1 over x\", and use of this function was first promoted by John Napier. This function is the inverse of exponentiation.  For 10 points, name this function whose \"natural\" version has a base of e.", "answer": "logarithm [accept any type of logarithm such as base 10 logarithm or natural logarithm; accept ln]", "page": "Logarithm", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129718, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124299, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 224], [225, 345], [346, 468], [469, 518], [518, 592]], "first_sentence": "The computationally challenging \"discrete\" form of this function is used in many cryptographic tools.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The \"dark\" form of this phenomenon is a source of noise in image sensors.  The partial derivative of voltage with respect to time is equal to the negative of cable inductance times the partial derivative of this quantity according to the telegrapher's equations. Maxwell introduced a term symbolized J to Ampere's law to account for this quantity's displacement form.  The magnetic field created by this quantity is described by the Biot-Savart law.  Power is equal to the square of this quantity times resistance.  In Ohmic materials, this quantity is equal to voltage divided by resistance.  For 10 points, name this quantity which measures the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes.", "answer": "current", "page": "Electric_current", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129717, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124300, "tokenizations": [[0, 75], [75, 262], [263, 369], [369, 451], [451, 516], [516, 594], [594, 692]], "first_sentence": "The \"dark\" form of this phenomenon is a source of noise in image sensors.  ", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Paul Benacerraf argued against a certain stance regarding the philosophy of this subject using an argument resting on causation. A theory of this field that grounds this subject entirely in thought is the \"intuitionism\" of L.E.J Brouwer. The claim that it is unlikely that scientific theories could be expressed without this field is the Quine-Putnam indispensability thesis. The Platonist view of this subject argues it is a descriptive science, and was defended by Kurt G\u00c3\u00b6del. A paradox about sets that do not contain themselves inspired a work on the foundations of this field. For 10 points, name this field that Russell and Whitehead tried to establish a logical ground for in their Principia.", "answer": "mathematics [or Principia Mathematica; prompt on \"science\"]", "page": "Mathematics", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129716, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124301, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 237], [238, 375], [376, 479], [480, 581], [582, 699]], "first_sentence": "Paul Benacerraf argued against a certain stance regarding the philosophy of this subject using an argument resting on causation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The partial derivative of the Lagrangian with respect to the time derivative of a generalized coordinate gives a generalized version of this quantity. This quantity's quantum mechanical operator is h-bar over i times del. This quantity is typically plotted with position in phase space since it is conjugate to position. Unlike kinetic energy, this quantity is conserved in inelastic collisions. Newton's second law more formally states that force is equal to the time derivative of this quantity. The change in this quantity is known as impulse. For 10 points, name this quantity, commonly symbolized p, which is equal to the product of mass and velocity.", "answer": "linear momentum [do not accept \"angular momentum\"]", "page": "Momentum", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129715, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124302, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 221], [222, 320], [321, 395], [396, 497], [498, 546], [547, 656]], "first_sentence": "The partial derivative of the Lagrangian with respect to the time derivative of a generalized coordinate gives a generalized version of this quantity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man's close relationship with the younger Arnold van Keppel led to rumors of an affair that this man hotly denied. A mob of this man's followers lynched Johan and Cornelis de Witt, who may have been plotting against him. This man's army failed in an attempt to siege Limerick, and he had earlier made a successful landing at Brixham. This victor of the Battle of the Boyne and enemy of the Jacobites oversaw the passing of his county's Bill of Rights. James II was deposed in favor of this Dutch stadtholder in the Glorious Revolution. For 10 points, name this King of England who ruled alongside his wife, Mary II.", "answer": "William of Orange [or William III; prompt on William]", "page": "William_III_of_England", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129714, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124303, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 225], [226, 338], [339, 456], [457, 540], [541, 620]], "first_sentence": "This man's close relationship with the younger Arnold van Keppel led to rumors of an affair that this man hotly denied.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In an episode of Family Guy, this character meets Brian and Stewie in an abandoned parking garage, a-la \"Deep Throat\" in the Watergate scandal. This character sings \"have you been half asleep/ or have you heard voices/ I've heard them calling my name\" in a song that asks \"what's so amazing/ that keeps us stargazing?\" Doc Hopper tries to make him a restaurant mascot in a film where he travels cross-country to make it big in Hollywood from his home in a Florida swamp. He asks \"why are there so many songs about rainbows\" in his trademark song, \"Rainbow Connection.\" For 10 points, name this Muppet who was romantically involved with Miss Piggy.", "answer": "Kermit the Frog", "page": "Kermit_the_Frog", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129713, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124304, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 218], [219, 291], [292, 318], [319, 470], [471, 568], [569, 647]], "first_sentence": "In an episode of Family Guy, this character meets Brian and Stewie in an abandoned parking garage, a-la \"Deep Throat\" in the Watergate scandal.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This poet described books as \"altars where we kneel/ to consecrate the flicker, not the flame\" in a poem dedicated to George Crabbe. Another of his poems mentions a location where \"the vines cling crimson on the wall\" and describes \"the twilight wait for what will come.\" One of his characters \"eyed a khaki suit with loathing,\" \"loved the Medici,\" and is a \"child of scorn.\" This poet, who advised \"go to the western gate\" in \"Luke Havergal,\" wrote about \"a gentleman from sole to crown\" who \"one calm summer night/ went home and put a bullet in his head.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"Miniver Cheevy\" and \"Richard Cory.\"", "answer": "Edwin Arlington Robinson", "page": "Edwin_Arlington_Robinson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129712, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124305, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 270], [270, 375], [376, 557], [558, 636]], "first_sentence": "This poet described books as \"altars where we kneel/ to consecrate the flicker, not the flame\" in a poem dedicated to George Crabbe.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This composer paid tribute to the waltz in a piece that opens with a section marked \"Mouvement de Valse viennoise.\" He is not Ludwig van Beethoven, but an Adagio assai second movement in the form of a waltz is part of this composer's Piano Concerto in G major. This composer intended to out-do the difficulty of Mily Balakirev's Islamey with the \"Scarbo\" movement of his Gaspard de la Nuit [\"gah-SPAR duh lah NWEE\"]. This composer of La Valse was inspired by Spanish music to write pieces such as Pavane for a Dead Princess and one in which two melodies are repeated over a constant two-bar rhythm played by the snare drum. For 10 points, name this French composer of Bol\u00c3\u00a9ro.", "answer": "Maurice Ravel [or Joseph Maurice Ravel]", "page": "Maurice_Ravel", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129711, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124306, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [114, 260], [261, 416], [417, 623], [624, 676]], "first_sentence": "This composer paid tribute to the waltz in a piece that opens with a section marked \"Mouvement de Valse viennoise.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this play, a character leaves cards marked with black Xs in a friend's mailbox. One character distracts another by dancing the Tarantella in this work, in which a character suffering from tuberculosis of the spine admits his love for the protagonist. Kristine Linde's care for her mother is contrasted with the attitude of this work's protagonist towards her father. A bank worker's illness necessitates a trip to Italy in this work, which opens on Christmas Eve. This play ends with its protagonist slamming a door on her children and husband Torvald. This play centers on Krogstad's blackmail of Nora Helmer. For 10 points, name this play by Henrik Ibsen.", "answer": "A Doll's House [or Et Dukkehjem]", "page": "A_Doll's_House", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129710, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124307, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 253], [254, 369], [370, 466], [467, 555], [556, 613], [614, 660]], "first_sentence": "In this play, a character leaves cards marked with black Xs in a friend's mailbox.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The geographical feature from which this city derives its name has a 103-foot LED cross on its top. In this city, Moshe Safdie built a distinctly blocky, modular concrete housing complex known as Habitat 67 for the 1967 World's Fair. This city is home to the tallest inclined tower in the world, which extends at a 45 degree angle over a stadium built for the 1976 Summer Olympics. Street directions in this city are skewed because they are given in reference to the Saint Lawrence River, which, along with the Ottawa River, borders an island named for this city. \u00c2\u00a0For 10 points, name this most populous city in Quebec.", "answer": "Montreal [prompt on Mount Royal]", "page": "Montreal", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129709, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124308, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 233], [234, 381], [382, 563], [564, 565], [566, 620]], "first_sentence": "The geographical feature from which this city derives its name has a 103-foot LED cross on its top.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The \"ping-pong\" mechanism is used to explain the mechanism of some of these molecules. Lineweaver-Burk plots are used to find Km [\"k-sub-m\"] and Vmax [\"v-max\"] which are constants that characterize these molecules. Those plots model these molecules using Michaelis-Menten kinetics and can distinguish whether inhibitors of these molecules are non-competitively acting at allosteric sites. These molecules are thought to bind to their targets via the \"induced fit\" mechanism. These molecules generally have names ending with \"-ase\" [\"ace\"] and act upon a specific substrate at their active sites. For 10 points, name these proteins that serve as biological catalysts.", "answer": "enzymes [prompt on \"proteins\"; prompt on \"catalysts\" before mention]", "page": "Enzyme", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129708, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124309, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 214], [215, 388], [389, 474], [475, 595], [596, 666]], "first_sentence": "The \"ping-pong\" mechanism is used to explain the mechanism of some of these molecules.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This architect collaborated with Claes Oldenberg to design the Binoculars Building. Another structure designed by this architect now houses the Grant Park Orchestra. A monorail runs through a building that this architect designed for Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen. This architect designed the Experience Music Project in Seattle and the Pritzker Pavilion in Chicago. One of his buildings sits along the Nervion River and, like a live music venue he designed in Los Angeles, is surrounded by curved metallic sheets. For 10 points, name this Canadian-American architect who designed the Guggenheim Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall.", "answer": "Frank Gehry", "page": "Frank_Gehry", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129707, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124310, "tokenizations": [[0, 83], [84, 165], [166, 266], [267, 368], [369, 516], [517, 638]], "first_sentence": "This architect collaborated with Claes Oldenberg to design the Binoculars Building.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man replaced the aureus coin with the solidus to suppress inflation. After having his wife killed in a hot bath, this man attempted to erase all records of that wife, Fausta, from existence. This man briefly allied with Licinius before defeating him at the battles of Hellespont and Chrysopolis. Before another battle, this man had a vision which convinced him to place a chi-rho symbol on his soldiers' shields. He defeated Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge and put the Edict of Milan into law, legalizing a religion he had earlier converted to. For 10 points, name this first Christian Emperor of Rome.", "answer": "Constantine I [or Constantine the Great, prompt on Constantine]", "page": "Constantine_the_Great", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129706, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124311, "tokenizations": [[0, 73], [74, 195], [196, 300], [301, 417], [418, 559], [560, 617]], "first_sentence": "This man replaced the aureus coin with the solidus to suppress inflation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This technique is performed in tandem for protein sequencing. The devices used in this technique use analyzers like magnetic sectors and ion traps to separate particles. In the first step of this technique, analytes undergo ionization processes like ESI and MALDI. Unlike those \"soft\" ionization methods, \"hard\" methods bombard the samples with electrons to cause fragmentation in this technique. In this technique, compounds containing chlorine and bromine show sizeable M+2 [\"M plus 2\"] isotope peaks. This technique measures the ratio of its namesake property to charge. For 10 points, name this form of spectrometry which separates fragments based on heaviness.", "answer": "mass spectrometry [or mass spectroscopy; or MS]", "page": "Mass_spectrometry", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129705, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124312, "tokenizations": [[0, 61], [62, 169], [170, 264], [265, 396], [397, 503], [504, 573], [574, 665]], "first_sentence": "This technique is performed in tandem for protein sequencing.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "According to Talmudic tradition, this figure was accidentally killed by his great-grandson Lamech. In the Quran, this man wishes to marry the beautiful Aclima. This man fathers several sons, including Enoch, while wandering in the Land of Nod, but all of his descendents are later killed in the Flood. This farmer and brother of Seth gives God an offering of fruit, but it is rejected in favor of another man's sheep. This man later asks \"Am I my brother's keeper?\" before being marked for his sin of committing the first murder. For 10 points, name this son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother Abel.", "answer": "Cain", "page": "Cain_and_Abel", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129704, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124313, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 159], [160, 301], [302, 417], [418, 529], [530, 603]], "first_sentence": "According to Talmudic tradition, this figure was accidentally killed by his great-grandson Lamech.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one of this author's novels, a driver hits a hyena at the same location at which he had hit a man ten years prior. One novel by this author opens at the Pension Bertolini, where Charlotte Bartlett wishes to stay near to the Arno. The widower protagonist of one of this author's novels befriends Cyril Fielding and Mrs. Moore, whose son is Ronny Heaslop. The protagonist of another novel by this author breaks off her engagement with Cecil Vyse to elope to Florence with George Emerson. This author wrote about the alleged rape of Adela Quested by Dr. Aziz in one work. For 10 points, name this British author of A Room With a View and A Passage to India.", "answer": "Edward Morgan Forster", "page": "E._M._Forster", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129703, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124314, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 232], [233, 356], [357, 488], [489, 571], [572, 657]], "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, a driver hits a hyena at the same location at which he had hit a man ten years prior.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This artist parodied Posada's \"La Calavera Catrina\" in a painting that shows this artist as a young boy holding hands with a dressed-up skeleton. One of this artist's paintings is flanked by a figure of Jupiter on the left and a headless statue of Caesar on the right. This artist of Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park showed doctors vaccinating Jesus in a Nativity scene in a set of paintings that focus on workers at a car factory. A painting that this artist of Detroit Industry created in New York City for Nelson Rockefeller was destroyed because of its depiction of Lenin. For 10 points, name this Mexican muralist of Man at the Crossroads who was married to Frida Kahlo.", "answer": "Diego Rivera", "page": "Diego_Rivera", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129702, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124315, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 268], [269, 442], [443, 587], [588, 686]], "first_sentence": "This artist parodied Posada's \"La Calavera Catrina\" in a painting that shows this artist as a young boy holding hands with a dressed-up skeleton.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Miss Major Griffin-Gracy helped incite this event. This event occurred three years after a similar event at Compton's Cafeteria in San Francisco. It led to the decline of activist groups like the Daughters of Bilitis and the Mattachine [\"mat-uh-sheen\"] Society, who were replaced by more radical groups like the GLF. This event was reported on harshly by The Village Voice. It was described as the \"Hairpin Drop Heard Round the World.\" During this event, an angry crowd formed an impromptu kick line, protesting a police raid on a Greenwich Village bar that catered to homosexual clientele. For 10 points, name these 1969 riots that kickstarted the American gay rights movement. ", "answer": "Stonewall riots [or 1969 Stonewall Inn riots] ", "page": "Stonewall_riots", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129701, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124316, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 252], [253, 316], [317, 373], [374, 411], [412, 434], [434, 590], [591, 678]], "first_sentence": "Miss Major Griffin-Gracy helped incite this event. This event occurred three years after a similar event at Compton's Cafeteria in San Francisco.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A cartoon by James Gillray depicts this man holding the leader of a neighboring country in his hand, parodying Gulliver's Travels. As part of an uprising during this man's reign, the walls of Newgate Prison were painted with the words \"His Majesty, King Mob.\" During this man's reign, Spencer Perceval became the first British PM to be assassinated, and he faced the anti-Catholic Gordon Riots in his capital. This monarch, who ruled during the ministry of William Pitt the Younger, may have suffered from mental illness late in life due to porphyria. For 10 points, name this British monarch who dealt with the Napoleonic Wars after losing Britain's colonies in America.", "answer": "George III [prompt on George]", "page": "George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129700, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124317, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 259], [260, 409], [410, 551], [552, 671]], "first_sentence": "A cartoon by James Gillray depicts this man holding the leader of a neighboring country in his hand, parodying Gulliver's Travels.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the aftermath of this event, the title of Baron was awarded to Philip Fabricius. One cause of this event was the impending death of the issuer of the Letter of Majesty, Matthias I. This event was triggered when Jaroslav Borzita and Vilem Slavata confessed to their approval of Ferdinand II's dissolution of an assembly of the Bohemian estates. Proclamations that divine intervention was involved in this incident were countered by an apocryphal claim that its victims had been saved by a pile of horse manure. For 10 points, name this 1618 incident in the buildup to the Thirty Years' War, in which three Catholic nobles were thrown from a castle window.", "answer": "Second Defenestration of Prague", "page": "Defenestrations_of_Prague", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129699, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124318, "tokenizations": [[0, 83], [84, 346], [347, 512], [513, 657]], "first_sentence": "In the aftermath of this event, the title of Baron was awarded to Philip Fabricius.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play refuses to have his toe licked to tell the wind's direction, after another man claims to be sane when the wind is southerly. After losing a bet that twice a man's age can be an odd number, a character in this play claims to be of the \"blood, love, and rhetoric school\". In this play, two characters resembling the protagonists appear in the Tragedians' dress rehearsal of The Murder of Gonzago. In this play, the lights abruptly change before the protagonists are greeted by Gertrude and Claudius at Elsinore. This play's protagonists flip coins that repeatedly come up heads. For 10 points, name this Tom Stoppard play about two murdered courtiers from Hamlet.", "answer": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "page": "Rosencrantz_and_Guildenstern_Are_Dead", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129698, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124319, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 294], [295, 419], [420, 534], [535, 601], [602, 686]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play refuses to have his toe licked to tell the wind's direction, after another man claims to be sane when the wind is southerly.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This technique can be used to determine the number of microsatellite repeats in a sample. When there is excessive nonspecific activity, this procedure is modified with a gradual ramp-down of a certain parameter. Practitioners of this technique generally use a \"master mix\" which contains magnesium chloride and dNTPs. The products of this technique can be visualized by staining with ethidium bromide and running a gel. This procedure is conducted in thermocyclers, which can change the temperatures for the denaturation, annealing, and elongation stages. For 10 points name this technique that uses the heat-stable \"Taq\" polymerase to amplify target DNA sequences.", "answer": "PCR [or polymerase chain reaction; accept \"touchdown PCR\"]", "page": "Polymerase_chain_reaction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129697, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124320, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 211], [212, 317], [318, 419], [420, 555], [556, 665]], "first_sentence": "This technique can be used to determine the number of microsatellite repeats in a sample.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An episode of this television series ends with a long take of a truck's broken tail light dangling as the truck moves. In its first episode, a character hallucinates that a flock of birds arranges itself into a vortex while standing outside an abandoned church. Its first season ends with a character remarking \"if you ask me, the light's winning\" while looking up at the stars. One of its protagonists is haunted by Reggie Ledoux's statement \"time is a flat circle.\" Its first season focused on Marty Hart and Rust Cohle's investigation of a murderous cult in Louisiana. For 10 points, name this HBO crime anthology series whose first season starred Woody Harrelson and Matthew McConaughey. ", "answer": "True Detective", "page": "True_Detective", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129696, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124321, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 261], [262, 378], [379, 466], [466, 467], [468, 571], [572, 691]], "first_sentence": "An episode of this television series ends with a long take of a truck's broken tail light dangling as the truck moves.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A philosopher living in this country discussed the sense of abjection in the book Powers of Horror, and wrote about a trip to Maoist China in About Chinese Women. A thinker from this country included the sections Facts and Myth and Lived Experience in a book that claims Engels' historical materialism cannot be used to understand the book's title idea. Julia Kristeva lives in this country, where another thinker claimed that, because it privileges the speed of light, \"E equals m c squared\" is a \"sexed\" equation. A book from this country claims \"one is not born, but becomes, a woman\". Luce Irigaray lives in, for 10 points, what home country of Simone de Beauvoir? ", "answer": "France", "page": "France", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129695, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124322, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 353], [354, 515], [516, 588], [589, 668]], "first_sentence": "A philosopher living in this country discussed the sense of abjection in the book Powers of Horror, and wrote about a trip to Maoist China in About Chinese Women.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This politician quoted Teddy Roosevelt's diary entry \"the light has gone out in my life\" during a farewell speech to his staff. In another speech, he asserted that his wife wore a \"respectable Republican cloth coat.\" He stated that the media would not have him \"to kick around anymore\" after losing a 1962 gubernatorial election to Pat Brown. This politician dismissed accusations that he had accepted illicit gifts in a campaign speech that defended his taking of a cocker spaniel named Checkers. During a press conference, this President dubiously claimed that  \"I am not a crook.\" For 10 points, name this President who resigned due to the Watergate Scandal. ", "answer": "Richard Nixon [or Richard Milhous Nixon]", "page": "Richard_Nixon", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129694, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124323, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 216], [217, 342], [343, 497], [498, 583], [584, 661]], "first_sentence": "This politician quoted Teddy Roosevelt's diary entry \"the light has gone out in my life\" during a farewell speech to his staff.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in a play by this author provides the answer \"seven\" to the question of \"four minus three\" before being killed by her instructor. In a play by this author, the deaf mute Orator mumbles \"ANGELBREAD\" before an Old Man and Woman leap off a balcony. The protagonist attempts to convince Daisy, who works at a newspaper office, to repopulate the Earth in one play by this author of The Chairs. In a play by this author, the Martins' visit to the Smiths is interrupted by a fire chief. Everyone but Berenger grows horns and turns into the title animal in one of his plays. For 10 points name this absurdist Romanian who wrote The Rhinoceros.", "answer": "Eugene Ionesco", "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Ionesco", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129693, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124324, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 257], [258, 400], [401, 491], [492, 578], [579, 647]], "first_sentence": "A character in a play by this author provides the answer \"seven\" to the question of \"four minus three\" before being killed by her instructor.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of these mythical creatures picks up a poisoned arrow and wonders how it can be so potent, but accidentally drops it on his foot and dies. A group of these creatures use rocks and tree trunks to crush the invulnerable warrior Caeneus. Some members of this race try to abduct Hippodamia during her wedding to Pirithous, which prompts a namesake war with the Lapiths. This race descends from the union between Ixion and the cloud nymph Nephele. The shirt that takes Heracles's life is tainted by the blood of one of these creatures named Nessus. The wisest of these creatures is a son of Cronus named Chiron. For 10 points, identify this half-man, half-horse race. ", "answer": "centaur [or hippocentaur]", "page": "Centaur", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129692, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124325, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 238], [239, 369], [370, 446], [447, 547], [548, 610], [611, 666]], "first_sentence": "One of these mythical creatures picks up a poisoned arrow and wonders how it can be so potent, but accidentally drops it on his foot and dies.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The third act of one of this composer's operas celebrates the title character's return in a passage called the Good Friday Music. In another opera by this composer, a maid's warning that daylight approaches falls on deaf ears as Melot reveals the title characters' secret love affair. At the end of that opera, the soprano lead declares that her dead lover's eyes shine \"mildly and brightly\" in the \"Liebestod\" [\"LEEB-es-tot\"]. In another opera by this composer, Siegfried's lover Br\u00c3\u00bcnnhilde returns a central object to the Rhinemaidens and incites the title Twilight of the Gods. For 10 points, name this composer of Parsifal and Tristan und Isolde, whose Ring cycle includes the \"Ride of the Valkyries.", "answer": "Richard Wagner [or Wilhelm Richard Wagner]", "page": "Richard_Wagner", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129691, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124326, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 284], [285, 427], [428, 581], [582, 705]], "first_sentence": "The third act of one of this composer's operas celebrates the title character's return in a passage called the Good Friday Music.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In retaliation for the rape of Dinah, two members of this group massacred the men of Shechem after convincing them to all get circumcised simultaneously. The Book of Genesis concludes with the death of one of these men, who correctly predicted the release and execution respectively of a cupbearer and baker of the Pharaoh while he was imprisoned. Rachel and Leah were mother to some of these people, who were the children of a man who had earlier wrestled with God in the form of an angel and had a vision of a ladder ascending to Heaven. For 10 points, name this group of brothers including Judah, Levi, and Joseph, the ancestors of the twelve tribes of Israel.", "answer": "sons of Jacob [or word forms like \"Jacob's sons\"; prompt on \"children of Jacob\"]", "page": "Jacob", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129690, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124327, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 347], [348, 539], [540, 663]], "first_sentence": "In retaliation for the rape of Dinah, two members of this group massacred the men of Shechem after convincing them to all get circumcised simultaneously.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These processes do not occur in the one-dimensional Ising model but do appear in higher dimensions. For a one component system these processes only have one degree of freedom according to a rule named for Gibbs. These processes are classified by the degree of their order parameters in Ehrenfest's classification. These processes each have an associated latent heat since they occur at constant temperature. Three of these processes occur simultaneously at a triple point. These processes occur along lines or curves on a diagram that plots pressure and temperature. For 10 points name these processes in which the state of matter changes, exemplified by boiling and freezing.", "answer": "phase transitions [or phase changes]", "page": "Phase_transition", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129689, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124328, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 211], [212, 313], [314, 407], [408, 472], [473, 566], [567, 676]], "first_sentence": "These processes do not occur in the one-dimensional Ising model but do appear in higher dimensions.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a painting from this movement, a musical arrangement of \"Tears, Idle Tears\" is lying on the floor of a messy room in which a mistress is getting out of her partner's lap. An artist from this movement painted The Hireling Shepherd, and another used his wife as the basis for Beata Beatrix. One artist from this movement painted a boy Jesus kissing Mary's cheek in a messy workshop in Christ in the House of His Parents. Elizabeth Siddal modeled for many paintings from this movement, including John Everett Millais' Ophelia. Its members included William Holman Hunt and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. For 10 points, name this movement that sought to revert to pre-Renaissance art.", "answer": "Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood [prompt on \"PRB\"]", "page": "Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129688, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124329, "tokenizations": [[0, 173], [174, 291], [292, 421], [422, 526], [527, 595], [596, 675]], "first_sentence": "In a painting from this movement, a musical arrangement of \"Tears, Idle Tears\" is lying on the floor of a messy room in which a mistress is getting out of her partner's lap.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This city was the site of a now-destroyed Porcelain Tower. Missionary John Magee documented an event in this city that saw German businessman John Rabe save many lives. A 1997 Iris Chang book brought greater awareness to an event in this city that was alleviated by a namesake \"Safety Zone.\" The capture of this city by Charles Gordon's \"Ever Victorious Army\" ended the Taiping Rebellion. The treaty that ended the First Opium War is named for this city. A contest to kill 100 people with a sword took place after this city was captured in 1937 from Chiang Kai-shek's army. For 10 points, name this Chinese city that was subjected to a namesake \"rape\" by Japanese soldiers.", "answer": "Nanjing [or Nanking]", "page": "Nanjing", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129687, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124330, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 290], [290, 388], [389, 454], [455, 573], [574, 673]], "first_sentence": "This city was the site of a now-destroyed Porcelain Tower. Missionary John Magee documented an event in this city that saw German businessman John Rabe save many lives.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of the two title figures of a poem by this author asks \"must my self dissect my tatter'd state, /  Which Amazed Christendom stands wondering at?\" This author wondered \"What gripes of wind my infancy did pain, / What tortures I in breeding teeth sustain?\" in one of four \"quaternion\" poems. This author of \"Dialogue Between Old England and New\" described seeing \"My pleasant things in ashes lie,\" in her poem \"Verses Upon the Burning of Our House.\" The line \"If ever two were one, then surely we\" opens this poet's \"To My Dear and Loving Husband.\" For 10 points, name this 17th century American poet of the collection The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America.", "answer": "Anne Bradstreet [or Anne Dudley]", "page": "Anne_Bradstreet", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129686, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124331, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [103, 149], [150, 191], [192, 257], [257, 293], [294, 451], [452, 519], [519, 549], [549, 620], [621, 664]], "first_sentence": "One of the two title figures of a poem by this author asks \"must my self dissect my tatter'd state, /  ", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A fictional character in this country rips out a doll's blonde hair and replaces it with horsehair. A novel set in this country imitates the Jerilderie letter by using no commas for the narration. In another novel set in this country, the title characters are described as \"one obsessive, one compulsive\" in their gambling, and their rivalry leads to a glass church being floated down a river to Bellingen. In a novel set in this country, a shootout at the Glenrowan Hotel leads to the capture of the steel-armored protagonist. For 10 points, name this country that is the setting of Oscar and Lucinda and The True History of the Kelly Gang, the home of Peter Carey and Patrick White.", "answer": "Australia", "page": "Australia", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129685, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124332, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 196], [197, 406], [407, 527], [528, 684]], "first_sentence": "A fictional character in this country rips out a doll's blonde hair and replaces it with horsehair.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Brans-Dicke theory is an alternative to this theory, which was tested in an experiment in which an iron-57 sample emitted gamma rays towards another iron-57 sample placed 22.5 meters away. This theory was supported by the Pound-Rebka experiment and by Arthur Eddington's observations of a solar eclipse. This theory correctly predicted the difference in the precession of Mercury's perihelion. This theory studies metrics, which are the solutions to the field equation. According to this theory's equivalence principle, gravity is indistinguishable from a pseudoforce. For 10 points, name this theory of Einstein which treats gravity as the curvature of spacetime.", "answer": "general relativity [or GR; prompt on \"relativity\"; do NOT accept \"special relativity\"]", "page": "General_relativity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129684, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124333, "tokenizations": [[0, 188], [189, 303], [304, 393], [394, 469], [470, 568], [569, 664]], "first_sentence": "Brans-Dicke theory is an alternative to this theory, which was tested in an experiment in which an iron-57 sample emitted gamma rays towards another iron-57 sample placed 22.5 meters away.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Four interconnected movements comprise this composer's Fantasia in F Minor for piano four hands. A man who repeatedly sings that wandering is his joy in \"Das Wandern\" is convinced by a seductive brook to drown himself at the end of this composer's song cycle Die sch\u00c3\u00b6ne M\u00c3\u00bcllerin [dee \"SURE\"-nuh MYOO-luh-rin]. This composer depicted a father and son rushing home on horseback as they are harassed by the title demon in \"Der Erlk\u00c3\u00b6nig,\" and incorporated his lied \"Die Forelle\" into the fourth movement of his Trout Quintet. This composer wrote just two movements of his Symphony No. 8 before his untimely death. For 10 points, name this composer of the Unfinished Symphony.", "answer": "Franz Schubert [or Franz Peter Schubert]", "page": "Franz_Schubert", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129683, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124334, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 258], [259, 262], [263, 285], [286, 311], [312, 524], [525, 612], [613, 674]], "first_sentence": "Four interconnected movements comprise this composer's Fantasia in F Minor for piano four hands.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This culture produced red-and-black painted figures on the walls of the Tomb of the Roaring Lions, as well as a Greek-influenced terracotta sculpture of a reclining husband and wife. The Sarcophagus of the Spouses is an artifact of this culture. Herodotus claims that these people descended from Lydian exiles, not from the Villanovan culture. A twelve-city \"league\" of this people centered on the city of Veii [\"VAY-ee\"]. In legend, a ruler of this people named Lars Porsena aided another man whose rape of Lucretia led him to be overthrown in favor of a republic led by consuls. The names of Tuscany and Etruria derive from, for 10 points, what pre-Roman culture of Italy?", "answer": "Etruscans [or Etrurians]", "page": "Etruscan_civilization", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129682, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124335, "tokenizations": [[0, 182], [183, 245], [246, 343], [344, 422], [423, 580], [581, 674]], "first_sentence": "This culture produced red-and-black painted figures on the walls of the Tomb of the Roaring Lions, as well as a Greek-influenced terracotta sculpture of a reclining husband and wife.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An object orbiting this planet contains sections named Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity. A small group of clouds on this planet was nicknamed \"the Scooter\" for its high speed. Volcanoes that eject ice were first observed on an object that orbits this planet. The first high resolution images of this object were taken by Voyager 2 and revealed a storm system known as the \"Great Dark Spot\". Johann Galle first observed this planet from a telescope using predictions made by Urbain Le Verrier [\"ur-BAIN le vay-ree-AY\"] about its effects on the orbit of Uranus. For 10 points, name this dark blue gas giant, the outermost planet in the Solar System.", "answer": "Neptune", "page": "Neptune", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129681, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124336, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 176], [177, 259], [260, 391], [392, 560], [561, 648]], "first_sentence": "An object orbiting this planet contains sections named Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The narrator of a novella by this author interrogates a ship's nervous captain, who is being shaved. That work by this author climaxes as a figurehead inscribed with the message \"follow your leader\" is revealed to display the skeleton of Alexandro Aranda. One of this author's characters gets imprisoned in the Tombs after he refuses to stop sleeping in his office. That character created by this author works with Nippers and Turkey, is said to have worked in the dead letter office, and responds to every question with the statement \"I would prefer not to.\" For 10 points, name this author of Benito Cereno and \"Bartleby, the Scrivener\" who also wrote Moby Dick.", "answer": "Herman Melville   ", "page": "Herman_Melville", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129680, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124337, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 197], [197, 255], [256, 365], [366, 559], [560, 664]], "first_sentence": "The narrator of a novella by this author interrogates a ship's nervous captain, who is being shaved.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This country's Virunga National Park borders the Rwenzori Mountains and Lake Edward. This country's Salonga National Park is home to the Iyaelima people, who are part of the Mongo group. The province of Katanga is a mining center in this country, which has the highest number of Lingala speakers and is home to bonobos. This is the geographically largest country to border Lake Tanganyika. The capital of this country is located on the western bank of a river across from Brazzaville. For 10 points, name this African Francophone country formerly known as Zaire, whose capital is Kinshasa.", "answer": "Democratic Republic of the Congo [or DRC; or Congo-Kinshasa; prompt on \"Congo\"; do NOT accept \"Republic of Congo\"]", "page": "Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129679, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124338, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 186], [187, 319], [320, 389], [390, 484], [485, 589]], "first_sentence": "This country's Virunga National Park borders the Rwenzori Mountains and Lake Edward.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Phosphate serves this role in a salt solution used to culture cells called P-B-S. One of these substances is produced by reacting ethylene oxide and glycine, and is named bicine [\"BYE-seen\"]. A set of twelve of these substances commonly used in biological research were described by Norman Good. Bicarbonate serves this role in blood. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is useful for finding pH of these systems. These solutions have their largest capacity when their pH equals their pKa. One of these solutions can be made by mixing a weak acid with its conjugate base. For 10 points, name these solutions that resist changes to pH.", "answer": "buffer solutions [or buffering agents]", "page": "Buffer_solution", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129678, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124339, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [192, 295], [296, 334], [335, 412], [413, 488], [489, 570], [571, 633]], "first_sentence": "Phosphate serves this role in a salt solution used to culture cells called P-B-S. One of these substances is produced by reacting ethylene oxide and glycine, and is named bicine [\"BYE-seen\"].", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This politician invited James Baldwin to his apartment for a disastrous 1963 meeting on race relations. In one speech, he quoted Aeschylus and stood on the back of a flat-bed truck. This man travelled to South Africa to give the \"Day of Affirmation\" speech and helped prevent rioting in Indianapolis after Martin Luther King Jr.'s death. He led an investigation of Teamsters Union president Jimmy Hoffa. While taking a shortcut through the Ambassador Hotel this candidate for the 1968 Presidential nomination was killed by Sirhan Sirhan. For 10 points, name this politician who served as Attorney General for his older brother, John.", "answer": "Robert F. Kennedy [or RFK; Robert Francis Kennedy; or Bobby Kennedy; prompt on just \"Kennedy\"]", "page": "Robert_F._Kennedy", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129677, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124340, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 181], [182, 337], [338, 403], [404, 537], [538, 633]], "first_sentence": "This politician invited James Baldwin to his apartment for a disastrous 1963 meeting on race relations.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a piano suite by this composer, a third movement in D-flat major and 9/8 time is followed by an F-sharp minor passepied. A legend of an apparition off of the coast of Ys [\"ees\"] inspired this composer's prelude \"The Sunken Cathedral.\" He parodied Muzio Clementi's Gradus ad Parnassum in a piano suite that ends with \"Golliwog's Cakewalk.\" This composer of Children's Corner included a \"Play of the Waves\" in a set of three \"symphonic sketches\" titled La mer. A chromatically descending flute solo begins his tone poem Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. For 10 points, name this French composer whose Suite bergamasque includes \"Clair de Lune.\"", "answer": "Claude Debussy [or Achille-Claude Debussy]", "page": "Claude_Debussy", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129676, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124341, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 237], [238, 340], [340, 341], [342, 461], [462, 556], [557, 647]], "first_sentence": "In a piano suite by this composer, a third movement in D-flat major and 9/8 time is followed by an F-sharp minor passepied.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man introduced the gamma matrices, which serve as a space of spinors, for use in his namesake equation. This man showed that the existence of a magnetic monopole could explain the quantization of charge. He developed a notation for quantum states which represents them as bras and kets. This man and Fermi name a set of statistics for particles with non-integer spins. This man predicted the existence of antimatter. A function named for him represents an impulse. For 10 points, name this English physicist who sometimes names a function that is zero everywhere except the origin and that is called the delta function.", "answer": "Paul Dirac", "page": "Paul_Dirac", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129675, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124342, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 208], [209, 291], [292, 373], [374, 421], [422, 469], [470, 624]], "first_sentence": "This man introduced the gamma matrices, which serve as a space of spinors, for use in his namesake equation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This philosopher argued that man and nature are not a \"dominion within a dominion\", since man is governed by nature. This thinker described a \"third kind\" of knowledge that comes from intuition instead of experience or reason. He wrote that while philosophy seeks truth, faith seeks only obedience. This philosopher wrote a book including the sections \"Of Human Freedom\" and \"Of Human Bondage\". This thinker argued that Moses did not write the Torah in his Tractatus Theologico-Politicus. This man wrote a treatise \"demonstrated in geometrical order\". For 10 points, name this author of Ethics who was expelled by Amsterdam's Jewish community.", "answer": "Baruch Spinoza [or Benedict de Spinoza]", "page": "Baruch_Spinoza", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129674, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124343, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 226], [227, 298], [299, 394], [395, 488], [489, 551], [552, 643]], "first_sentence": "This philosopher argued that man and nature are not a \"dominion within a dominion\", since man is governed by nature.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character created by this author prepares to fight Sir Olifaunt to get to the Elf Queen in a story that was left incomplete. Another of this author's characters wears a brooch inscribed with \"amor vincit omnia\" and recounts the murder of a Christian boy by Jews. Nicolaes convinces John that there is an impending flood in order to sleep with Alisoun in one story by this author. A work by this author opens at the Tabard Inn, where the narrator meets a group traveling to the relics of Thomas Becket. For 10 points, name the author who included stories from the Nun's Priest and the Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales.", "answer": "Geoffrey Chaucer", "page": "Geoffrey_Chaucer", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129673, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124344, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 264], [265, 381], [382, 503], [504, 623]], "first_sentence": "A character created by this author prepares to fight Sir Olifaunt to get to the Elf Queen in a story that was left incomplete.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This was the highest position held by a man who recently pleaded guilty to hushing up charges that he had sexually abused a student at Yorkville high school. That man's predecessor in this position proposed that the US should establish a Lunar base during the 2012 presidential campaign. While seeking this position, a Californian admitted that the Benghazi Committee was organized to mar the reputation of Hillary Clinton. Holders of this position sometimes employ the Hastert Rule. Kevin McCarthy briefly sought to occupy this position after the resignation of John Boehner. For 10 points, name this position currently held by Paul Ryan.", "answer": "Speaker of the House of Representatives [accept variations like \"house speaker\"; prompt on \"congressman\" or \"representative\" until \"predecessor\"]", "page": "Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129672, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124345, "tokenizations": [[0, 157], [158, 287], [288, 423], [424, 483], [484, 576], [577, 639]], "first_sentence": "This was the highest position held by a man who recently pleaded guilty to hushing up charges that he had sexually abused a student at Yorkville high school.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A person who held this political office was forced to cut short a visit to the ancient ruins in Syracuse in order to go home and visit the modern ruins of a city devastated by Cyclone Tracy. In 1942, the holder of this office addressed his country's middle class as a \"forgotten people\". A person who held this position went missing while swimming, leading to conspiracy theories that he was picked up by a Soviet submarine. After taking this office, John Howard apologized for the Stolen Generations to his country's Aboriginal population. For 10 points, name this position currently held by Malcolm Turnbull, who serves as head of government in Canberra.", "answer": "Prime Minister of Australia [or PM of Australia; prompt on partial answer]", "page": "Prime_Minister_of_Australia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129671, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124346, "tokenizations": [[0, 190], [191, 287], [288, 424], [425, 540], [541, 656]], "first_sentence": "A person who held this political office was forced to cut short a visit to the ancient ruins in Syracuse in order to go home and visit the modern ruins of a city devastated by Cyclone Tracy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A repeated line in this book tells of how children play on the seashore because \"they know not how to cast nets.\" A section of this poetry collection predicts that \"these verses will not lie in little well-printed books upon ladies' tables\". This collection of poems opens with the line \"Thou hast made me endless, such is thy pleasure\", and includes a poem about a land \"where the world has not been broken up into fragments\" and \"the mind is without fear\". This poetry collection had an introduction written for it by W.B. Yeats. For 10 points, name this collection of poems written by Rabindranath Tagore. ", "answer": "Gitanjali [or Offering of Songs; or Song Offerings]  ", "page": "Gitanjali", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129670, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124347, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 241], [242, 458], [459, 531], [532, 608]], "first_sentence": "A repeated line in this book tells of how children play on the seashore because \"they know not how to cast nets.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The rational-emotive type of this practice was created by Albert Ellis. A form of this practice was originally referred to as \"non-directive\". That type of this practice was discussed in On Becoming a Person and relies on the principles of congruence and unconditional positive regard. This practice is often used alongside desensitization techniques when dealing with phobias, and its \"client-centered\" form was created by Carl Rogers. The most popular form of this practice today is known as \"cognitive-behavioral.\" For 10 points, name this practice in which a psychologist attempts to alleviate a patient's mental illnesses.", "answer": "therapy [or psychotherapy; accept client-centered therapy until \"type\"; do not accept or prompt on \"psychoanalysis\"]", "page": "Therapy", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129669, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124348, "tokenizations": [[0, 71], [72, 142], [143, 285], [286, 436], [437, 517], [518, 627]], "first_sentence": "The rational-emotive type of this practice was created by Albert Ellis.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "These ecosystems were the subject of Lindeman and Hutchinson's trophic dynamics models. One of these ecosystems was the source of the GJAF-1 bacterium that was thought to be able to subsist on arsenic. These ecosystems, which are classified as lentic as opposed to lotic, can contain low-diversity profundal zones. These systems eject carbon dioxide in limnic eruptions. In North America, one of these ecosystems is being invaded by zebra mussel. Bull sharks can survive in one of these bodies of water in Nicaragua. For 10 points, name these freshwater aquatic environments, which include \"Great\" ones named Michigan and Superior.", "answer": "lakes [or ponds; accept Lake Mono]", "page": "Lake", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129668, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124349, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 201], [202, 314], [315, 370], [371, 446], [447, 516], [517, 631]], "first_sentence": "These ecosystems were the subject of Lindeman and Hutchinson's trophic dynamics models.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artist created a silent film called \"Work in Progress\" after he designed a set for Erik Satie's Socrate. His largest sculpture is usually on display in the East wing of the National Gallery of Art. A work characterized by two elongated arcs is painted in a bright red sometimes named for this artist to offset it from a nearby dull Mies van der Rohe building. The name for this artist's most distinctive art form was proposed by Marcel Duchamp. This sculptor of Flamingo used nine black and one red-and-yellow sheets of metal in a work hung at the MoMA. For 10 points, name this sculptor of Lobster Trap and Fish Tail and other mobiles.", "answer": "Alexander Calder", "page": "Alexander_Stirling_Calder", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129667, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124350, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 202], [203, 364], [365, 449], [450, 558], [559, 641]], "first_sentence": "This artist created a silent film called \"Work in Progress\" after he designed a set for Erik Satie's Socrate.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A future monarch of this country refused the throne of Greece, believing Greece was too unstable to be a viable monarchy. That monarch abdicated after his return from exile led to the \"Royal Question\" and violent strikes in the south of this country. This country's 1830 revolution was sparked by a performance of the opera The Mute Girl of Portici. During World War I, the German Schlieffen plan violated this country's neutrality. The European Union is headed in the capital of this country, which joined two neighbors to form the Benelux union. For 10 points, name this northern European monarchy whose capital is Brussels.", "answer": "Belgium [or Belgi\u00c3\u00ab; or Belgique]", "page": "Belgium", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129666, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124351, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 250], [251, 349], [350, 432], [433, 547], [548, 626]], "first_sentence": "A future monarch of this country refused the throne of Greece, believing Greece was too unstable to be a viable monarchy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A hero on his way to retrieve some of these animals gets so exhausted by the heat that he fires an arrow at Helios; unexpectedly, he is rewarded with a giant golden goblet. Eurytion and his two-headed dog Orthrus guard a large number of these animals owned by the three-headed giant Geryon and stolen by Heracles for his tenth labor. A tortoise shell is used to make the lyre as recompense for the theft of some of these animals by the infant Hermes. Hera sends both a stinging gadfly and a hundred-eyed watchman named Argus to torment one of these animals that is actually Zeus's lover, the nymph Io. For 10 points, name these milk-producing animals.", "answer": "cow [or cattle; do not accept \"bull\"]", "page": "Cattle", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129665, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124352, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 333], [334, 450], [451, 601], [602, 651]], "first_sentence": "A hero on his way to retrieve some of these animals gets so exhausted by the heat that he fires an arrow at Helios; unexpectedly, he is rewarded with a giant golden goblet.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The largest city in this state is the official home of the world's largest Beatles festival, Abbey Road on the River. This state divides its cities into \"first-class\" and \"home rule\" classifications. Many valleys in the eastern part of this state are now home to \"holler fills\" due to a controversial mining procedure. Mountaintop removal is often used to access coal seams in this state, which also contains the longest cave system in the world, Mammoth Cave. The Wilderness Road took travelers through the Cumberland Gap from Virginia into this state. For 10 points, name this state which contains the cities of Lexington and Louisville.", "answer": "Kentucky", "page": "Kentucky", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129664, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124353, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 199], [200, 318], [319, 460], [461, 553], [554, 639]], "first_sentence": "The largest city in this state is the official home of the world's largest Beatles festival, Abbey Road on the River.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one of this author's novels, the title character introduces the god Abraxas to Emil Sinclair. The protagonist of a novel by this author succeeds to the position held by Thomas van der Trave, and that novel ends with the protagonist drowning in Castalia. That novel by this author opens with the Music Master recruiting the protagonist into the Waldzell school. The title character of another novel by this author of Demian becomes a merchant upon Kamala's insistence, learns from the ferryman Vasudeva, and leaves home with Govinda to seek enlightenment. For 10 points name this German author of\u00c2\u00a0The Glass Bead Game\u00c2\u00a0and Siddhartha.", "answer": "Hermann Hesse", "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129663, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124354, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 256], [257, 363], [364, 557], [558, 576], [577, 636]], "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, the title character introduces the god Abraxas to Emil Sinclair.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Abnormalities in this organ can cause patients to experience \"Tet spells\" and become cyanotic. A syncytium [\"sin-SIH-shee-um\"] is formed from masses of cells that are separated by intercalated discs in this organ. Sotalol is one of the beta blockers that can be used to treat abnormal function of this organ. The foramen ovale fuses during this organ's development. The QRS complex and the T-wave are caused by this organ's depolarization and repolarization.  This organ's Purkinje fibres and bundles of His [\"hiss\"] carry electrical signals from the SA node. The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood to its right atrium. For 10 points, name this four-chambered organ that pumps blood.", "answer": "the human heart", "page": "Heart", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129662, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124355, "tokenizations": [[0, 94], [95, 213], [214, 308], [309, 365], [366, 460], [460, 559], [560, 621], [622, 685]], "first_sentence": "Abnormalities in this organ can cause patients to experience \"Tet spells\" and become cyanotic.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This work's artist retroactively added a red, orange, and blue border and intended for it to be displayed in a white frame. A girl is running away from the viewer and into a copse in the right background of this work. A shade covers the figures towards the front of this painting. A young girl dressed in a white dress and hat stares directly at the viewer from this painting's center. A reclining man wearing a sleeveless orange shirt is smoking a pipe in this work's right foreground, across from a woman holding a parasol and a leashed monkey. For 10 points, name this pointillist work that is set along the Seine and was painted by Georges Seurat. ", "answer": "A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte [or A Sunday Afternoon at La Grande Jatte  or Un dimanche apr\u00c3\u00a8s-midi \u00c3\u00a0 l'\u00c3\u017dle de la Grande Jatte] ", "page": "A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129661, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124356, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 217], [218, 280], [281, 385], [386, 546], [547, 651]], "first_sentence": "This work's artist retroactively added a red, orange, and blue border and intended for it to be displayed in a white frame.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Members of this nation's parliament were implicated in an insider trading investigation involving a human resources company called Recruit. This country has refused to acknowledge the war crimes committed by its Unit 731. This nation's monarch told his citizens to prepare for \"enduring the unendurable\" in the Jewel Voice broadcast. It was forbidden from organizing an army by Article 9 of its constitution. This nation's leaders signed an unconditional surrender aboard the USS Missouri. For 10 points, name this country that surrendered under Emperor Hirohito after an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.", "answer": "Japan [or Nippon; or Nihon]", "page": "Japan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129660, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124357, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 221], [222, 333], [334, 408], [409, 489], [490, 609]], "first_sentence": "Members of this nation's parliament were implicated in an insider trading investigation involving a human resources company called Recruit.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this short story tells a story about a watermelon carved with the initials \"E.A.T.\".  Later in this short story, that character reprimands a woman for trying to steal a child while at a filling station managed by Red Sammy Butts. One character in this story causes an accident when she remembers that she used to live in Tennessee, not Georgia. That accident in this short story occurs during a road trip that Bailey Boy and his family take to Florida. For 10 points, name this short story by Flannery O'Connor, which ends when the Grandmother is shot by the escaped criminal the Misfit.", "answer": "\"A Good Man is Hard to Find\"", "page": "A_Good_Man_Is_Hard_to_Find_(short_story)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129659, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124358, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [101, 244], [245, 359], [360, 467], [468, 602]], "first_sentence": "A character in this short story tells a story about a watermelon carved with the initials \"E.A.T.\".  ", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "D-C-C and BOP [\"bop\"] are commonly used to couple these compounds. Polystyrene resins are used as support in a synthesis using these compounds pioneered by Robert Merrifield. The dihedral angles of these compounds are shown on a Ramachandran plot. Reacting an aldehyde with cyanide, then hydrolyzing the product produces one of these compounds in the Strecker synthesis. At biological pH these compounds exist in a zwitterionic form. Examples of these compounds include tryptophan and glycine. These compounds contain an NH2 as well as a carboxyl group. For 10 points, name these monomers that are linked together by peptide bonds in proteins.", "answer": "amino acids [prompt on \"peptides\", \"polypeptides\" or \"amides\" until \"Ramachandran\" is read]", "page": "Amino_acid", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129658, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124359, "tokenizations": [[0, 66], [67, 174], [175, 247], [248, 370], [371, 433], [434, 493], [494, 553], [554, 643]], "first_sentence": "D-C-C and BOP [\"bop\"] are commonly used to couple these compounds.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During one conflict, these people made their base at the Janiculum Hill. Supporters of these people were often opposed by the Optimates, and laws made by these people became binding to everybody after the passing of the Lex Hortensia. As a result of several secessions performed by these people, the Twelve Tables were created. After the Conflict of the Orders, the office of Tribune was created to give these people the power to potentially veto the Consuls. For 10 points, name this class of people in ancient Rome, often contrasted with the wealthy landowning patricians.", "answer": "plebeians [or plebs]", "page": "Plebs", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129657, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124360, "tokenizations": [[0, 72], [73, 234], [235, 327], [328, 459], [460, 574]], "first_sentence": "During one conflict, these people made their base at the Janiculum Hill.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The most notable veteran of this organization used contacts developed through it to guide the Combahee Ferry raid. Members of this organization included the Coffin family and a woman who pretended to read a newspaper because an arrest warrant said she was illiterate. This organization may have used quilts and songs like \"Follow the Drinking Gourd\" to guide individuals between locations managed by \"stationmasters.\" Members of this organization referred to the Ohio River as the \"River Jordan.\" It helped guide individuals to Canada. For 10 points, name this organization run by \"conductors\" like Harriet Tubman that helped slaves escape.", "answer": "the Underground Railroad   ", "page": "Underground_Railroad", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129656, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124361, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 267], [268, 417], [418, 495], [495, 535], [536, 640]], "first_sentence": "The most notable veteran of this organization used contacts developed through it to guide the Combahee Ferry raid.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This country was the birthplace of an author who imagined the Great Semi sowing seeds of a utopia over the title location. In a novel by an author from this country, the orphans Esteban and Sofia come under the care of Victor Hugues. An author from this country wrote Explosion in a Cathedral and developed a genre he called \"lo real maravilloso\" [\"lo ray-al mara-vi-YOSO\"]. An author from this country wrote the essay \"Nuestra America\" and wrote the lines \"Cultivo una Rosa Blanca\" and \"Yo soy un hombre sincero\" in the collection Versos Sencillos [\"versos sen-SEE-yose\"]. For 10 points, name this home country of Alejo Carpentier and Jose Marti, whose poetry inspired the song \"Guantanamera.\"", "answer": "Cuba", "page": "Cuba", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129655, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124362, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 233], [234, 374], [375, 573], [574, 694]], "first_sentence": "This country was the birthplace of an author who imagined the Great Semi sowing seeds of a utopia over the title location.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The longest stage of this process contains stages such as the diplotene and pachytene stages. The synapto-nemal complex forms during this process, during which the occurrence of synapsis results in the formation of chiasmata. One form of this process results in the formation of three polar bodies. In this process, a double Holliday junction forms during crossing over. Interkinesis occurs between two parts of this process. Since homologous recombination occurs during this process, it does not result in identical cells. This process produces four haploid daughter cells. For 10 points, name this cell division process that produces sex cells.", "answer": "meiosis [accept meoisis I or meiosis II; prompt on \"prophase I\"; prompt on \"gametogenesis\"; prompt on \"oogenesis\"; prompt on \"spermatogenesis\"]", "page": "Meiosis", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129654, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124363, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [94, 225], [226, 298], [299, 370], [371, 425], [426, 523], [524, 574], [575, 646]], "first_sentence": "The longest stage of this process contains stages such as the diplotene and pachytene stages.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer had low strings quote the funeral march from the Eroica Symphony near the very end of one of his pieces. A series of all twelve chromatic notes begins the fugal subject of the \"Of Science\" section in a piece by him that ends with a \"Song of the Night Wanderer.\" A theme played by a horn and a theme played by the D clarinet depict the title trickster in one of his tone poems. Four trumpets play the ascending half notes \"C, G, C\" near the start of the \"Introduction, or Sunrise\" section of this composer's tone poem about a Friedrich Nietzsche novel. For 10 points, name this composer of Metamorphosen, Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks and Also sprach Zarathustra.", "answer": "Richard Strauss [or Richard Georg Strauss]", "page": "Richard_Strauss", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129653, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124364, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 274], [274, 275], [276, 390], [391, 565], [566, 679]], "first_sentence": "This composer had low strings quote the funeral march from the Eroica Symphony near the very end of one of his pieces.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This hero is betrayed by a man who obtains some rowan berries by killing the giant Searbhan [\"SHAR-vahn\"]. Late in his life, this hero refuses to provide a handful of healing water for a companion who has been mortally wounded by a boar. His two hounds Bran and Sceolan [\"SHOW-lahn\"] recognize that a deer is in fact this hero's bewitched wife Sadb [\"SAHV\"]. This hero leads men such as Diarmuid, and has his tales written down by his son, the bard Oisin [\"uh-SHEEN\"]. This hero can recall all of the knowledge in the world by sucking on his thumb, which he burns while cooking the Salmon of Knowledge. For 10 points, name this Irish hero of the Fenian cycle", "answer": "Finn MacCool [or Fionn mac Cumhaill; or Deimne [\"DAY-nee\"]]", "page": "Fionn_mac_Cumhaill", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129652, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124365, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 237], [238, 358], [359, 468], [469, 602], [603, 658]], "first_sentence": "This hero is betrayed by a man who obtains some rowan berries by killing the giant Searbhan [\"SHAR-vahn\"].", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Part of a novel by this author is set in Solara and is illustrated with World War II propaganda from the protagonist's childhood. The protagonist of that novel by this author reads the First Folio to regain emotional memories and is named Yambo. The narrator travels to Constantinople and meets Niketas Choniates in his Baudolino. Another novel by this author ends with Brother Jorge burning down the central building. That book by this author of The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana opens with Adso of Melk arriving to an Italian monastery to investigate a series of deaths. For 10 points, name this author who created the friar William of Baskerville in The Name of the Rose.", "answer": "Umberto Eco", "page": "Umberto_Eco", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129651, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124366, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 245], [246, 330], [331, 418], [419, 574], [575, 676]], "first_sentence": "Part of a novel by this author is set in Solara and is illustrated with World War II propaganda from the protagonist's childhood.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This philosopher claimed theology was \"the study of nothing\" and criticized \"invented systems of religion\" in a book outlining his deist views. This thinker argued that landowners should pay a \"ground-rent\" to support welfare in his tract Agrarian Justice. This man was put on trial in absentia for writing a response to Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France. This author of Rights of Man began a pamphlet series with the line \"These are the times that try men's souls\", and his most popular book criticizes hereditary succession in favor of a \"republican government\". For 10 points, name this author of The American Crisis and Common Sense.", "answer": "Thomas Paine", "page": "Thomas_Paine", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129650, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124367, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 256], [257, 376], [377, 585], [586, 658]], "first_sentence": "This philosopher claimed theology was \"the study of nothing\" and criticized \"invented systems of religion\" in a book outlining his deist views.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During a conflict over this commodity, Nate Champion defended his cabin from the WSGA. During Benjamin Harrison's presidency, large-scale and small-scale producers of this commodity faced off against each other in the Johnson County War. Men involved in the transportation of this resource were accompanied by a chef nicknamed \"cookie.\" This commodity made wealthy men out of Charles Goodnight and Samuel Maverick and boom towns out of Abilene and Dodge City. The \"Great Die-Up\" occurred after people began using barbed wire to protect this commodity from rustlers. For 10 points, name these animals escorted on \"drives\" from Texas to stockyards in Kansas.", "answer": "cattle [or cows; or beef; or longhorn cattle; prompt on \"meat\" or \"livestock\"] ", "page": "Cattle", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129649, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124368, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 237], [238, 335], [335, 459], [460, 565], [566, 656]], "first_sentence": "During a conflict over this commodity, Nate Champion defended his cabin from the WSGA.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Satellites that participated in the THEMIS project first discovered evidence of these things occurring on the Sun. These phenomena are often preceded by the appearance of a hook echo, and they can be created by systems known as supercells. Large varieties of these are known as their \"wedge\" form. The two nations that see the most of these phenomena now measure their power on an \"enhanced\" scale. Most of these things occur in a strip of land which includes the Great Plains and is known as their namesake \"Alley.\" For 10 points, name these rotating funnel clouds that contact the ground and feature high wind speeds, whose strength is measured by the Fujita scale.", "answer": "tornadoes [or twisters; or cyclones]", "page": "Tornado", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129648, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124369, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 239], [240, 297], [298, 398], [399, 516], [517, 667]], "first_sentence": "Satellites that participated in the THEMIS project first discovered evidence of these things occurring on the Sun.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This jazz composer wrote a song whose middle section features a thirty-two-bar clarinet solo by Johnny Dodds. This composer of \"Potato Head Blues\" popularized his mentor Joe \"King\" Oliver's song \"West End Blues,\" and collaborated with Ella Fitzgerald on two albums, plus a third album of selections from Porgy and Bess. This musician organized namesake Hot Five and Hot Seven ensembles with whom he pioneered scat singing in songs such as \"Heebie Jeebies.\" In a popular recording, this musician sang about seeing \"trees of green, red roses, too.\" For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter who used his characteristic gravelly voice to sing \"What a Wonderful World.\"", "answer": "Louis Armstrong [prompt on \"Satchmo\"]", "page": "Louis_Armstrong", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129647, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124370, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 319], [320, 455], [455, 546], [547, 663]], "first_sentence": "This jazz composer wrote a song whose middle section features a thirty-two-bar clarinet solo by Johnny Dodds.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this painting's left foreground, a bald man peers over the shoulder of a man scribbling in a book. A woman in white stares out at the viewer from this work's center and may have been modeled on La Fornarina. A figure likely modeled after Bramante is shown bending down in its bottom right. This painting is located near the artist's Disputation of the Holy Sacrament in the Stanza della Segnatura.  One focal figure of this painting is holding a copy of Timaeus and is conversing with a younger man who is holding a book on ethics and pointing downwards. For 10 points, name this Raphael fresco that centers of Plato and Aristotle.", "answer": "The School of Athens [or La Scuola di Atene]", "page": "The_School_of_Athens", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129646, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124371, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 210], [211, 292], [293, 402], [402, 557], [558, 634]], "first_sentence": "In this painting's left foreground, a bald man peers over the shoulder of a man scribbling in a book.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During a military expedition in this geographical region, British soldiers wielding Maxim guns massacred locals at the Battle of Chumik Shenko. This region was explored by Francis Younghusband's expedition. Pilots who flew over this mountain range during World War II nicknamed it \"the Hump.\" The boundary between two countries was established through this mountain range in 1914 with the McMahon Line. The kukri knife was popularized by a group of mercenaries enlisted from this region, the Gurkhas. This region is home to the Sherpa ethnic group. For 10 points, name this mountain range where Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary climbed Mount Everest.", "answer": "the Himalayas [or Himalayan mountains; accept Tibet until \"mountain\"]", "page": "Himalayas", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129645, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124372, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 206], [207, 292], [293, 402], [403, 500], [501, 548], [549, 651]], "first_sentence": "During a military expedition in this geographical region, British soldiers wielding Maxim guns massacred locals at the Battle of Chumik Shenko.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This element is commonly stored in nickel containers as it forms a passivation layer. Because the Sandmeyer reaction does not effectively add this element to aryl compounds, the Balz-Schiemann reaction is used instead. Carboxylic acids substituted with this element are much more acidic due to this element's strong inductive effects. The first noble gas compound discovered consisted of an atom of xenon bound to four atoms of this element. This element and hydrogen form an acid which etches glass and can diffuse through skin down to the bone. For 10 points, name this most electronegative element that has an atomic number of 9 and is the lightest halogen.", "answer": "fluorine [prompt on F]", "page": "Fluorine", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129644, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124373, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 218], [219, 334], [335, 441], [442, 546], [547, 660]], "first_sentence": "This element is commonly stored in nickel containers as it forms a passivation layer.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man with this name is the only prophet who is the subject of an entire surah in the Quran. That man of this name was imprisoned after being falsely accused of sleeping with Potiphar's wife. In the beginning of the Gospel of Matthew, another man of this name is listed as the grandson of Matthan and a descendent of David. That man with this name has a vision of an angel which tells him to take his family and flee to Egypt. A man from Arimathea with this first name offers his tomb to Jesus after the Crucifixion. For 10 points, give this name shared by a man who inherited a coat of many colors and a Nazarene carpenter who was the foster father of Jesus.", "answer": "Joseph [or Yusuf on the first clue]", "page": "Joseph_(Genesis)", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129643, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124374, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 191], [192, 323], [324, 426], [427, 516], [517, 659]], "first_sentence": "A man with this name is the only prophet who is the subject of an entire surah in the Quran.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this book believes that \"everyone in the world is Christ and they are all crucified.\" Another character in this book writes his thoughts on pieces of paper and stuffs them into his pockets. Jesse Bentley takes his grandson David into the woods to perform an animal sacrifice in its chapter \"Godliness.\" Characters in this book include Dr. Reefy and a schoolteacher who fled Pennsylvania after being accused of molesting a mentally disabled boy. Wing Biddlebaum, who appears in its chapter \"Hands,\" is friends with this book's protagonist, an aspiring writer named George Willard. For 10 points, name this short story cycle about an Ohio town written by Sherwood Anderson. ", "answer": "Winesburg, Ohio ", "page": "Winesburg,_Ohio", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129642, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124375, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 204], [205, 317], [318, 459], [460, 594], [595, 686]], "first_sentence": "A character in this book believes that \"everyone in the world is Christ and they are all crucified.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "While serving as the king of another nation, a man from this nation won the Siege of Polotsk during the Livonian War. A general from this nation waged the \"Long Campaign\" before losing the Battle of Varna. One king of this nation established a group of personal mercenaries known as the Black Army. Control of this home of John Hunyadi and Matthias Corvinus was split between the Ottomans and Transylvania after its ruler Louis II lost the Battle of Mohacs. This nation was unified by a king who also actively spread Christianity, Saint Stephen I. For 10 points, name this kingdom which is now a nation with a capital at Budapest.", "answer": "Kingdom of Hungary", "page": "Kingdom_of_Hungary", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129641, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124376, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 205], [206, 298], [299, 457], [458, 547], [548, 630]], "first_sentence": "While serving as the king of another nation, a man from this nation won the Siege of Polotsk during the Livonian War.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Barrington Moore theorized that bourgeoisie were essential for the development of this concept in Europe in a book on the \"social origins\" of dictatorship and this concept.  The \"polyarchal\" form of this concept was defined by Robert Dahl, who also wrote a book on this concept \"and its critics\".  Along with capitalism and socialism, this concept titles a book by Joseph Schumpeter.  An international relations theory named after this concept's \"peace\" states that two countries with this system of governance will not go to war with each other.  For 10 points, name this system of governance in which citizens elect politicians.", "answer": "democracy [or word forms like democratic]", "page": "Democracy", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129640, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124377, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [174, 298], [298, 385], [385, 548], [548, 630]], "first_sentence": "Barrington Moore theorized that bourgeoisie were essential for the development of this concept in Europe in a book on the \"social origins\" of dictatorship and this concept.  ", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this film is observed skipping work by her boss after he notices her car while crossing a crosswalk. This film ends with a character smiling and looking into the camera as an offscreen female voice declares \"why, she wouldn't harm a fly.\" One scene in this film match cuts between shots of water swirling in a drain and a woman's eyeball. Anthony Perkins plays a character in this film who states \"we all go a little mad sometimes.\" This film used chocolate syrup to mimic blood in a scene accompanied by Bernard Hermann's screeching string soundtrack. Marion Crane is stabbed in the shower in, for 10 points, what Alfred Hitchcock film about cross-dressing serial killer Norman Bates?", "answer": "Psycho", "page": "Psycho_(1960_film)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129639, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124378, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 252], [252, 353], [354, 446], [446, 567], [568, 700]], "first_sentence": "A character in this film is observed skipping work by her boss after he notices her car while crossing a crosswalk.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man names a phenomenon whose N-th radius can be calculated as the square root of the quantity N minus one half times wavelength times radius of the lens. This man names that interference pattern formed by the reflection of light between a flat and spherical surface. He discussed his experiments with the dispersion of light in the book Opticks. Henry Cavendish used a torsion balance to measure a value sometimes named for this man. This man names the law of inertia, which states that objects in motion will stay in motion, and objects at rest stay at rest. For 10 points name this English physicist who developed three laws of motion and was an inventor of calculus.", "answer": "Isaac Newton", "page": "Isaac_Newton", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129638, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124379, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 271], [272, 350], [351, 438], [439, 564], [565, 674]], "first_sentence": "This man names a phenomenon whose N-th radius can be calculated as the square root of the quantity N minus one half times wavelength times radius of the lens.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The title character of a play by this author dresses up as a lute-player with a nosegay in his hat to spy on a pimp. The speaker of a reply to a poem by this author says that \"if all the world and love were young\" then they might \"live with thee, and be thy love\" and was written by Walter Raleigh. The prostitute Bellamira conspires with the slave Ithamor against the title character of a play by this author. This author of \"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love\" wrote a play in which the title character is boiled in his own cauldron by Ferneze. For 10 points, name author who wrote about Barabas in The Jew of Malta.", "answer": "Christopher Marlowe", "page": "Christopher_Marlowe", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129637, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124380, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 298], [299, 410], [411, 547], [548, 619]], "first_sentence": "The title character of a play by this author dresses up as a lute-player with a nosegay in his hat to spy on a pimp.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Coupled systems displaying this sort of behavior can exhibit normal modes, examples of which include symmetric and asymmetric stretching. This behavior is modeled with a second order homogeneous differential equation with a term corresponding to damping. This behavior occurs in RLC circuits analagously to a certain mechanical system with a dashpot. This sort of motion will typically occur in systems with a restoring force, such as systems which obey Hooke's law. In its simplest case this sort of motion can be described with a sine function. For 10 points, name this sort of behavior which occurs in the simple harmonic motion seen in a spring.\u2028", "answer": "oscillation [accept more specific answers; accept vibration; prompt on \"simple harmonic motion\" or \"complex harmonic motion\" or \"damped harmonic motion\" before mention of \"simple harmonic motion\"]", "page": "Complex_harmonic_motion", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129636, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124381, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 254], [255, 350], [351, 466], [467, 546], [547, 650]], "first_sentence": "Coupled systems displaying this sort of behavior can exhibit normal modes, examples of which include symmetric and asymmetric stretching.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The narrator of this novel often describes the \"voice of the sea.\" While dying, the protagonist of this novel remembers a cavalry officer's spurs clanging as he walked across her porch. The protagonist's lover leaves her a note reading \"Good-bye - because I love you.\" It begins with a parrot screeching the phrase \"allez-vous-en,\" and sees the protagonist get moved to tears by Mademoiselle Reisz's piano performance. This novel begins at a resort on Grand Isle, where the protagonist contemplates cheating on her husband with Robert Lebrun. After Lebrun abandons her, the protagonist of this novel commits suicide by walking into the sea. For 10 points, name this Kate Chopin novel about Edna Pontellier. ", "answer": "The Awakening", "page": "The_Awakening_(Chopin_novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129635, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124382, "tokenizations": [[0, 66], [67, 185], [186, 267], [267, 418], [419, 542], [543, 640], [641, 706]], "first_sentence": "The narrator of this novel often describes the \"voice of the sea.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of these creatures plans to kill his foster-son, but his plan is unveiled when that foster-son cooks and eats a heart and becomes able to understand the speech of birds. One of these creatures transforms into the dragon Fafnir and is slain by the sword Gram. A goddess spends four nights sleeping with four of these creatures in exchange for a golden necklace. These creatures descend from maggots festering in Ymir's corpse, and mostly take refuge in the dark world of Nidavellir or Svartalfheim, where they forge items such as Skidbladnir, Brisingamen, and Mjolnir in their role as master smiths for the Asgardians. For 10 points, name this race of diminutive human-like creatures from Norse mythology.", "answer": "dwarf [or dwarfs; or dvergr; or svartalfr]", "page": "DWARF", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129634, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124383, "tokenizations": [[0, 173], [174, 262], [263, 364], [365, 621], [622, 708]], "first_sentence": "One of these creatures plans to kill his foster-son, but his plan is unveiled when that foster-son cooks and eats a heart and becomes able to understand the speech of birds.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to the Bhagavad Gita, the spirit can be liberated through the practice of this number of yogas. This is the age at which a Jewish boy receives his first haircut, the upsherin, and in Kabbalah, the ten Sephirot are divided into this many columns. Victor Hugo is one of this many saints venerated in Cao Dai, and Buddhists believe in this number of \"Jewels.\" According to the Gospels, Jesus was tempted by Satan this many times and rose from the dead this number of days after the Crucifixion. Adherents of Arianism reject a doctrine that defines this many aspects of God. For 10 points, give this number of figures in both the Hindu Trimurti and the Christian Trinity.", "answer": "three", "page": "3", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129633, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124384, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 255], [256, 366], [367, 501], [502, 580], [581, 677]], "first_sentence": "According to the Bhagavad Gita, the spirit can be liberated through the practice of this number of yogas.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These systems can be simplified via a Y-delta transform, which is a type of star-mesh transform. These systems can be reduced to equivalent two component systems by Norton's theorem and Th\u00c3\u00a9venin's theorem. Analysis of these systems is often done by considering meshes or nodes, which respectively involve the use of the loop and junction rules of Kirchhoff. In graphical depictions of these systems, a triangle next to a line segment represents a diode. A law that applies to these systems states that voltage is equal to current times resistance. For 10 points, name these systems subject to Ohm's law, which may contain elements like a voltage source, resistors, and wires.", "answer": "electrical circuits [or electrical networks]", "page": "Electrical_network", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129632, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124385, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 206], [207, 358], [359, 454], [455, 548], [549, 676]], "first_sentence": "These systems can be simplified via a Y-delta transform, which is a type of star-mesh transform.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At the conclusion of a war named after this city, France gained the colony of Saint-Domingue after the signing of the Treaty of Ryswick. This city was the home of a banking family which included Jakob the Rich, the Fuggers. The Nine Years' War, during which a huge coalition opposed Louis XIV, is often named after a \"League\" of this city. A document named after this city is the best known work of Philip Melanchthon. The principle of \"cuius regio, eius religio\" was established by a treaty signed in this place between Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League. For 10 points, name this Bavarian city, the namesake of an important Lutheran confession of faith.", "answer": "Augsburg", "page": "Augsburg", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129631, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124386, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 223], [224, 339], [340, 418], [419, 559], [560, 658]], "first_sentence": "At the conclusion of a war named after this city, France gained the colony of Saint-Domingue after the signing of the Treaty of Ryswick.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a children's book, one of these animals enjoys sitting under a cork tree and smelling flowers, refusing to be violent. An Andean condor is strapped to the back of one of these animals during the Yawar festival. Munro Leaf wrote a children's book about one of these animals named Ferdinand. They are stabbed with a lance by a horseman known as the picador during an event in which they are urged to run at the muleta. These animals charge down the streets of Pamplona in an annual event known as their \"running.\" For 10 points, name these animals that are supposedly egged on by the color red in an activity where they are slain by matadores. ", "answer": "bulls [or male cattle; or Ferdinand the Bull; prompt on \"cow\" or \"cattle\"]", "page": "Cattle", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129630, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124387, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 213], [214, 292], [293, 419], [420, 514], [515, 644]], "first_sentence": "In a children's book, one of these animals enjoys sitting under a cork tree and smelling flowers, refusing to be violent.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one appearance, this character investigates the fortifications at Belle Ile. This character dies shortly after being made a Marshal in The Vicomte of Bragelonne. When he is working under Monsieur des Essart, this character has an affair with Constance Bonacieux, who is a maid of Queen Anne. At the beginning of the first novel in which this character appears, his introduction letter for Monsieur de Treville is stolen by Comte de Rochefort. This character defeats Cardinal Richelieu's troops with a group of soldiers that uses the motto \"All for one, one for all.\" For 10 points, name this character who befriends Athos, Porthos, and Aramis in The Three Musketeers.", "answer": "D'Artagnan", "page": "Charles_de_Batz_de_Castelmore_d'Artagnan", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129629, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124388, "tokenizations": [[0, 79], [80, 164], [165, 294], [295, 445], [446, 568], [568, 670]], "first_sentence": "In one appearance, this character investigates the fortifications at Belle Ile.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This structure can be stained with wheat germ agglutinin derivatives or with the acid-fast stain. This structure is targeted by lysozymes and their formation is inhibited by beta-lactams. This structure is composed of a substance that oddly contains D-amino acids. The substance that forms this structure is a polymer of NAG and NAM. The thickness of this structure determines how well it retains crystal violet, and thus determines whether an organism is Gram-positive or Gram-negative. This structure is primarily composed of peptido-glycan in bacteria. For 10 points, name this protective structure that surrounds the cell membrane of bacteria.", "answer": "bacterial cell walls [prompt on \"cell envelope\"; do NOT accept cell membrane]", "page": "Cell_wall", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129628, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124389, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 187], [188, 264], [265, 333], [334, 487], [488, 555], [556, 647]], "first_sentence": "This structure can be stained with wheat germ agglutinin derivatives or with the acid-fast stain.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "As a young soldier, this man was slashed by a sword for refusing to shine the boots of a British officer. In one conflict, he captured and executed British citizens George Arbuthnot and Robert Ambrister. This general sided with a \"white stick\" faction against the \"red stick\" faction in a war that was ended by the Treaty of Fort Jackson. His army was victorious at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. With the help of Jean Lafitte's pirate, this winner of the Creek War's army defeated a force led by Edward Pakenham at a battle fought after the Treaty of Ghent had already ended the War of 1812. For 10 points, name this victor at the Battle of New Orleans and president of the United States, nicknamed \"Old Hickory.\" ", "answer": "Andrew Jackson ", "page": "Andrew_Jackson", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129627, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124390, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 203], [204, 338], [339, 395], [396, 591], [592, 713]], "first_sentence": "As a young soldier, this man was slashed by a sword for refusing to shine the boots of a British officer.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The subjects of this process fail in \"corresponding with oneself\" according to a book on this process by Albert Memmi. An essay on this process by Gayatri Spivak asks whether the subjects of this process, termed the Subaltern, can \"speak\" without reflecting the impact of this process. A \"Discourse on\" this phenomenon was written by Aime Cesaire. The Wretched of the Earth by Frantz Fanon advocates violence as a means of release from this process, which Fanon had earlier analyzed in the book Black Skin, White Masks. For 10 points, name this process in imperialism by which less developed regions are controlled as outposts of a mother country.", "answer": "colonialism [or colonization; prompt on \"imperialism\"]", "page": "Colonialism", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129626, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124391, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 285], [286, 347], [348, 519], [520, 647]], "first_sentence": "The subjects of this process fail in \"corresponding with oneself\" according to a book on this process by Albert Memmi.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The narrator of an Alan Seeger poem \"has a rendezvous\" with this character \"at some disputed barricade\". A poem addressed to this character describes this character as \"slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men\", and ends by telling this character \"thou shalt die\". Another poem about this character describes how \"[we] passed the setting sun / Or rather, he passed us\". That poem ends with the image of horses' heads pointed toward eternity, and describes a carriage ride past a school with children playing at recess. For 10 points, name this personification that \"kindly stopped for\" Emily Dickinson because she could not stop for it.", "answer": "Death", "page": "Death", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129625, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124392, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 271], [272, 376], [377, 525], [526, 643]], "first_sentence": "The narrator of an Alan Seeger poem \"has a rendezvous\" with this character \"at some disputed barricade\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man made models for a garden city called Broadacre City. This architect designed a hypostyle hall for a building whose core was designed in a \"tap root\" style. One of this designer's buildings is inspired by Mayan architecture and is called Hollyhock House. This architect of the SC Johnson Research Tower designed a building that consists of a single spiraling ramp and serves as an art museum. Due to its \"floating\" foundation, one of this man's building survived a major earthquake in Tokyo. A building this architect designed for Edgar Kaufmann used a cantilevered design to stand over a Pennsylvanian waterfall. For 10 points, name the Prairie School architect of the Imperial Hotel and Fallingwater.", "answer": "Frank Lloyd Wright", "page": "Frank_Lloyd_Wright", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129624, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124393, "tokenizations": [[0, 61], [62, 164], [165, 262], [263, 400], [401, 499], [500, 621], [622, 710]], "first_sentence": "This man made models for a garden city called Broadacre City.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A quantity with this name is the dimension of a vector space over a given field. That quantity measures the relative size of a field extension. Finite undirected graphs all have an even number of vertices with an odd value of this quantity according to the handshaking lemma, and a graph's total value of this quantity is equal to two times the number of edges. The Abel-Ruffini theorem states that five is the lowest value of another quantity of this name that produces equations with no radical solutions. For cubic polynomials, that quantity is equal to three. For 10 points, give this name of several quantities in mathematics, which for polynomials is the value of the highest exponent.", "answer": "degree", "page": "Degree_of_a_polynomial", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129623, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124394, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 143], [144, 361], [362, 507], [508, 563], [564, 691]], "first_sentence": "A quantity with this name is the dimension of a vector space over a given field.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Omar Mukhtar led a resistance movement against this colonial power. This colonial power was caught building a fort on an oasis outside its borders in the Walwal incident. The Hoare-Laval pact was a failed attempt to sate this colonial power's territorial ambitions. In 1911, this nation fought the Ottoman Empire over a province that included Tobruk. It defied the League of Nations by using exploding bullets and mustard gas in a 1936 conflict. This colonial power made up for its 1896 defeat at the Battle of Adwa by conquering a nation led by Haile Selassie. For 10 points, name this European nation that invaded Ethiopia during the regime of Benito Mussolini.", "answer": "Italy [or Kingdom of Italy; or Regno d'Italia; do not accept \"Italian Republic\"]", "page": "Italy", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129622, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124395, "tokenizations": [[0, 67], [68, 170], [171, 265], [266, 350], [351, 445], [446, 561], [562, 663]], "first_sentence": "Omar Mukhtar led a resistance movement against this colonial power.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One character in this novel has his dog locked in his cabin so that he can commit suicide by jumping off his boat without it following him. In this novel a story about catching a rare butterfly while en-route to visit Mohammed Bonso is told by the entomologist Stein. The devious Cornelius arranges an ambush with Gentleman Brown in this novel. The title character of this novel befriends Doramin's son, Dain Waris after moving to Patusan. The title character of this novel abandons the Muslim passengers on the Patna. For 10 points, Marlow narrates what Joseph Conrad novel about a disgraced sailor?", "answer": "Lord Jim", "page": "Lord_Jim", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129621, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124396, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 267], [268, 344], [345, 439], [440, 518], [519, 600]], "first_sentence": "One character in this novel has his dog locked in his cabin so that he can commit suicide by jumping off his boat without it following him.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Jacob of Orleans was killed during a massive anti-Jewish revolt that occurred after this monarch's coronation. \u00c2\u00a0Leopold V accused this man of plotting to kill his cousin Conrad of Montferrat. This husband of Berengaria of Navarre sold Cyprus to Guy de Lusignan [\"loo-sin-YAWN\"], and one of this man's enemies was the namesake of a tithe passed by this man's father. During one conflict, this man was ransomed after winning at the Battle of Jaffa. After this French-speaking monarch was killed by a friendly crossbow bolt, he was succeeded by his brother John. For 10 points, name this Crusader and frequent rival of Saladin, a \"Lion-Hearted\" English King.", "answer": "Richard I [or Richard the Lion-Hearted or Richard Coeur de Lion until \"Lion-Hearted\" is read]", "page": "Richard_I_of_England", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129620, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124397, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 192], [193, 261], [262, 366], [367, 447], [448, 560], [561, 656]], "first_sentence": "Jacob of Orleans was killed during a massive anti-Jewish revolt that occurred after this monarch's coronation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An affair that this artist had with Millie Thaulow inspired a painting that shows a woman wearing an unbuttoned white dress standing beside a dejected man hiding his face. One painting by this artist of Ashes shows a family mourning the passing of the artist's sister. This artist of Death in the Sickroom painted a nude Charlotte Corday staring at a viewer while a dead man lies on some bloody sheets behind her in his version of The Death of Marat. A painting that shows two women flanking a couple dancing is titled Dance of Life and appears in this artist's Frieze of Life series. For 10 points, name this artist who painted a figure standing on a bridge and clutching his face in The Scream.", "answer": "Edvard Munch", "page": "Edvard_Munch", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129619, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124398, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 268], [269, 450], [451, 584], [585, 696]], "first_sentence": "An affair that this artist had with Millie Thaulow inspired a painting that shows a woman wearing an unbuttoned white dress standing beside a dejected man hiding his face.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In May 2015, this city changed its traffic signals to include LGBT couples on signs. This city's Spanish Riding School is famed for training Lipizzaner horses. A cathedral with a multi-colored tiled roof in this city was the location of Antonio Vivaldi's funeral. The Belvedere museum in this city is located in a palace originally built for Eugene of Savoy and houses works by Egon Schiele and Gustav Klimt. The First District of this city is surrounded by a circular road called the Ringstrasse. This city's cuisine includes a namesake breaded veal cutlet, or schnitzel. For 10 points, name this city, the capital of Austria.", "answer": "Vienna [or Wien]", "page": "Vienna", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129618, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124399, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 159], [160, 263], [264, 408], [409, 497], [498, 572], [573, 627]], "first_sentence": "In May 2015, this city changed its traffic signals to include LGBT couples on signs.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Membrane osmometry can be used to find one form of this quantity in a polymer, and the distribution of this quantity in a polymer solution is described by the polydispersity index. Jean-Baptiste Dumas heated volatile organic substances to determine their vapor densities were proportional to this value. For an ideal gas, this value is equal to RT times density over pressure. The unit defining this quantity is defined as one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom, and is the dalton. For water this quantity is approximately 18 amu [\"a-m-u\"]. For 10 points, name this quantity that can be found by adding up the individual atomic masses of a compound.", "answer": "molecular weight [or molar mass; prompt on \"weight\" or \"mass\"]", "page": "Molecular_mass", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129617, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124400, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 303], [304, 376], [377, 483], [484, 542], [543, 651]], "first_sentence": "Membrane osmometry can be used to find one form of this quantity in a polymer, and the distribution of this quantity in a polymer solution is described by the polydispersity index.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer had second violins play the title Ostinato throughout a suite for strings that oscillates between 6/8 time and 9/8 time in its opening Jig. That piece borrows its finale from the \"Fantasia on the Dargason\" movement of this composer's Second Suite in F for Military Band. Strings use the wooden part of their bows to play a march in 5/4 time at the start of a piece by this composer whose central movement provides the melody for the hymn \"I Vow to Thee, My Country.\" That \"Bringer of Jollity\" movement is flanked by depictions of Mercury and Saturn. For 10 points, name this composer of The Planets.", "answer": "Gustav Holst [or Gustav Theodore Holst; or Gustavus Theodore von Holst]", "page": "Gustav_Holst", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129616, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124401, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 284], [285, 480], [481, 563], [564, 613]], "first_sentence": "This composer had second violins play the title Ostinato throughout a suite for strings that oscillates between 6/8 time and 9/8 time in its opening Jig.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The work of scholars at Bologna under an emperor of this name enabled that emperor's rehabilitation of Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis. An incredible emperor with this name spoke six languages, including Greek and Arabic, and established such an advanced literary culture and bureaucracy in Southern Italy that he was called stupor mundi by contemporaries. Another emperor with this name was defeated by the Lombard League at the Battle of Legnano. That emperor's armor weighed him down while was crossing the Saleph river, leading him to drown while on the way to the Third Crusade. For 10 points, give this name of the Holy Roman Emperor known as \"Barbarossa.\"", "answer": "Frederick [or Friedrich]", "page": "Frederick_(given_name)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129615, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124402, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 357], [358, 449], [450, 584], [585, 663]], "first_sentence": "The work of scholars at Bologna under an emperor of this name enabled that emperor's rehabilitation of Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Protestors in this city built the Resurrection City shantytown during the Poor People's Campaign. Bayard Rustin deputy organized an event in this city under A. Philip Randolph. A speech delivered in this city described a check from the \"bank of justice\" marked \"Insufficient Funds.\" The line \"Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!\" ends a speech given in this city that hopes people will be judged \"by the content of their character\" and not \"by the color of their skin.\" A 1964 march for \"Jobs and Freedom\" occured in, for 10 points, what city where Martin Luther King, Jr. declared \"I have a dream\" in front of the Lincoln Memorial?", "answer": "Washington, D.C. [or D.C.; or District of Columbia]  ", "page": "Washington,_D.C.", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129614, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124403, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 176], [177, 282], [283, 334], [335, 473], [473, 637]], "first_sentence": "Protestors in this city built the Resurrection City shantytown during the Poor People's Campaign.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The impedance caused by these devices is directly proportional to the frequency. One of these devices designed to block alternating current from passing is called a choke. The energy stored in these systems is proportional to \"one half current squared\" times a namesake quantity. Two of these devices are used in transformers. The behavior of these circuit elements is described by Faraday's law. On circuit diagrams, these devices are depicted as coils. These devices generate a magnetic field when current passes through them. For 10 points, name these circuit elements whose namesake quantity is symbolized L and is measured in Henries.", "answer": "inductors [or inductance; prompt on solenoids]", "page": "Inductor", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129613, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124404, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 171], [172, 279], [280, 326], [327, 396], [397, 454], [455, 528], [529, 639]], "first_sentence": "The impedance caused by these devices is directly proportional to the frequency.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A first-act tenor aria in this opera ends on a difficult sustained B-flat. That aria laments \"If only I were that warrior!\" and is titled for the singer's beloved, who is described as \"Celeste,\" or \"heavenly.\" In this opera's second act, a king offers to grant any one wish for a character who has just returned from a \"Triumphal March.\" The high priest Ramfis sentences this opera's tenor lead to death after his fraternization with enemy king Amonasro is discovered by the princess Amneris. The Egyptian general Radam\u00c3\u00a8s is buried alive with his lover at the end of, for 10 points, what Giuseppe Verdi opera about the title Ethiopian princess?", "answer": "Aida [or A\u00c3\u00afda]", "page": "Aida", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129612, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124405, "tokenizations": [[0, 74], [75, 209], [210, 337], [338, 492], [493, 645]], "first_sentence": "A first-act tenor aria in this opera ends on a difficult sustained B-flat.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author described his most famous character as \"a complete man and a common man\" in an essay that begins with the line \"fiction in any form has always intended to be realistic.\" In one of his novels, the protagonist finds a woman passed out naked in front of a camera in a house owned by Arthur Geiger. Another of his novels ends with the discovery that Terry Lennox has fled to Mexico and received plastic surgery. This author of \"The Simple Art of Murder\" wrote a novel that begins with General Sternwood asking the protagonist to take up a blackmail case. For 10 points, name this author who wrote about detective Philip Marlowe in The Long Goodbye and The Big Sleep.", "answer": "Raymond Chandler", "page": "Raymond_Chandler", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129611, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124406, "tokenizations": [[0, 181], [182, 306], [307, 419], [420, 562], [563, 674]], "first_sentence": "This author described his most famous character as \"a complete man and a common man\" in an essay that begins with the line \"fiction in any form has always intended to be realistic.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Taoist practice of bigu [\"bee-goo\"] is the technique of performing this action to achieve immortality. In one religion, adherents who do not perform this action are forced to either free a slave or feed and clothe sixty people. This action and prayer are the two \"Great Obligations\" of the Baha'i faith. Mormons often perform this action on the first Sunday of the month. In Jainism, Sallekhana consists of doing this until one's death. Jews do this on Tisha B'Av and Yom Kippur. This action is mandated by the pillar of \"sawm\". For 10 points, name this action practiced by Muslims during Ramadan, a voluntary refusal of food and drink consumption.", "answer": "fasting [or sawm until it is read; accept any answer that describes not eating or drinking]", "page": "Fasting", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129610, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124407, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 231], [232, 307], [308, 375], [376, 440], [441, 483], [484, 532], [533, 652]], "first_sentence": "The Taoist practice of bigu [\"bee-goo\"] is the technique of performing this action to achieve immortality.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This value is generalized by a complex-valued function named for Erik Fredholm. For transformation T applied to parallelogram P, this value for T equals the coefficient for the change in area of P under the transformation. To find the characteristic polynomial for A, this value is calculated for A minus the identity times lambda, which represents a scalar eigenvalue. Quotients of these values can be used to find the coefficients that solve a system of linear equations by Cramer's rule. Only the sign of this value is changed when rows or columns are swapped. For 10 points, name this value which, for a two row matrix, is often expressed as ad minus bc.", "answer": "matrix determinants", "page": "Determinant", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129609, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124408, "tokenizations": [[0, 79], [80, 222], [223, 369], [370, 490], [491, 563], [564, 658]], "first_sentence": "This value is generalized by a complex-valued function named for Erik Fredholm.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The title character of this novel disobeys a town council by waving a homemade flag on the carriage of a Royal Personage. After finding a starved goldfinch in a cage, one character in this novel finds a man dead in Abel Whittle's cottage. A character in this novel suffers a seizure after seeing a \"skimmity-ride\". A merchant in this novel loses his money after receiving bad advice from a weather prophet. After Lucetta miscarries and dies in this novel, Donald Farfrae remarries with Elizabeth-Jane, who the title character had drunkenly sold. For 10 points, name this Thomas Hardy novel in which Michael Henchard gains and loses the title office.", "answer": "The Mayor of Casterbridge", "page": "The_Mayor_of_Casterbridge", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129608, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124409, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 238], [239, 314], [315, 406], [407, 545], [546, 649]], "first_sentence": "The title character of this novel disobeys a town council by waving a homemade flag on the carriage of a Royal Personage.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Incorporating the concept of increasing returns to scale is the key element of the \"new\" theory of this activity. The Leontief paradox undermined attempts to model this activity, which Paul Samuelson predicted to lead to factor price equalization. The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts the patterns of this activity based on capital and labor. David Ricardo described a principle stating that two entities may achieve gains from this activity if they each have a comparative advantage at producing goods. For 10 points, name this activity that is the exchange of goods or services between parties.", "answer": "trade [or exchange until it is read]", "page": "Trade", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129607, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124410, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 247], [248, 340], [341, 501], [502, 594]], "first_sentence": "Incorporating the concept of increasing returns to scale is the key element of the \"new\" theory of this activity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this composer's Symphony No. 1, the D minor third movement begins with a solo for a muted double bass over soft timpani beats on D and A. All seven hornists are instructed to stand in the finale of that symphony, whose third movement begins with a funeral march based on the \"Fr\u00c3\u00a8re Jacques\" melody. This composer used the key of C-sharp minor for the opening trumpet solo of his Symphony No. 5, whose fourth movement is an Adagietto sometimes seen as a profession of love towards his wife Alma. For 10 points, name this composer of the Titan Symphony, whose eighth symphony is exaggeratingly called the Symphony of a Thousand.", "answer": "Gustav Mahler", "page": "Gustav_Mahler", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129606, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124411, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 302], [303, 498], [499, 630]], "first_sentence": "In this composer's Symphony No. 1, the D minor third movement begins with a solo for a muted double bass over soft timpani beats on D and A.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This leader allowed Soviet Comintern agent Mikhail Borodin to escape during the April 12th incident. During this leader's tenure, a dispute involving a cigarette vendor triggered the 228 Incident, which led his government to enact a \"White Terror\". This leader trained his future generals as leader of the Whampoa Military Academy. He was encouraged to adopt Christianity by his wife, Soong May-ling. This self-styled \"Generalissimo\" forced a rival army to undergo the Long March but ultimately had to flee to Taiwan. For 10 points, name this leader of the Kuomintang who lost the Chinese Civil War to Mao Zedong.", "answer": "Chiang Kai-Shek [or Jiang Jieshi]  ", "page": "Chiang_Kai-shek", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129605, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124412, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 248], [249, 331], [332, 400], [401, 517], [518, 613]], "first_sentence": "This leader allowed Soviet Comintern agent Mikhail Borodin to escape during the April 12th incident.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This organism is the subject of a long-term experiment run by Richard Lenski since 1988. Shiga-like toxin is produced in strains of this organism that cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Commonly studied strains of this organism include the B and K-12 strains. Edward Tatum and Joshua Lederberg used this organism to describe the exchange of genetic material via conjugation. To demonstrate the spontaneity of genetic mutations, Luria and Delbruck infected this organism with bacteriophages. The lac operon was discovered in this rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria. For 10 points, name this model organism, a bacteria which is found in the human gut.", "answer": "E. coli [or Escherichia coli]", "page": "Escherichia_coli", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129604, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124413, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 183], [184, 257], [258, 372], [373, 488], [489, 561], [562, 646]], "first_sentence": "This organism is the subject of a long-term experiment run by Richard Lenski since 1988.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This artist likely depicted himself as a kneeling Nicodemus supporting the body of Christ in his final painting, a version of the Piet\u00c3\u00a0. The horn of a wreath-wearing while bull is being gripped by the title figure of one of his paintings. This artist painted a man in red standing in a crowd reaching up to another man in red being borne upwards by cherubs. This artist of The Rape of Europa and a massive Assumption emulated a pose used by his teacher Giorgione in a painting that shows a dog curled up on the sheets of a bed near a reclining nude who gazes intently at the viewer. For 10 points, name this Venetian painter of the Venus of Urbino.", "answer": "Titian [or Tiziano Vecellio]", "page": "Titian", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129603, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124414, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 239], [240, 358], [359, 583], [584, 649]], "first_sentence": "This artist likely depicted himself as a kneeling Nicodemus supporting the body of Christ in his final painting, a version of the Piet\u00c3\u00a0.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel compares guessing to stabbing water with a pitchfork and helps its protagonist by retrieving tarpaper to patch up a window. A film director in this novel who uses his connections to enable himself to keep his fancy fur cap is called Cesar. Alexander Tvardovsky wrote a preface for this work when Novy Mir published it in 1962. Its title character works on a wall alongside the Latvian joker Kilgas. Alyosha the Baptist sleeps on a bunk adjacent to that of this novel's title character, who serves under Tyurin in work gang 104. For 10 points, name this Alexander Solzhenitsyn  novel about Shukhov's experience of a gulag.", "answer": "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich [or Odin den' Ivana Denisovicha]", "page": "One_Day_in_the_Life_of_Ivan_Denisovich", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129602, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124415, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 265], [266, 352], [353, 424], [425, 553], [554, 647]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel compares guessing to stabbing water with a pitchfork and helps its protagonist by retrieving tarpaper to patch up a window.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An equation named for this man can be derived by truncating the virial expansion at the second coefficient. That equation named for this man incorrectly predicts a universal critical compressibility factor of three-eighths. A phenomenon named for him is proportional to the negative sixth power of distance as seen in the Lennard-Jones potential. The realization that atoms have volume accounts for the \"b\" constant of his namesake equation. This man names a set of weak intermolecular interactions that includes London dispersion forces. For 10 points, name this Dutch scientist whose namesake equation modifies the ideal gas law.\u2028", "answer": "Johannes Diderik van der Waals", "page": "Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129601, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124416, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 223], [224, 346], [347, 441], [442, 538], [539, 632]], "first_sentence": "An equation named for this man can be derived by truncating the virial expansion at the second coefficient.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of these animals accompanies Yvain during his quest to win back the hand of Laudine. Molorchus is told to sacrifice to Zeus if one of these animals is not killed within thirty days. Seven thousand jars of beer are required to placate a goddess with this animal form, who is created by Ra to destroy humanity. That goddess is Ptah's wife Sekhmet. Arrows are found to merely bounce off of the impenetrable fur of one of these animals, which is instead strangled to death inside of a cave. For his first labor, Heracles slays one of these animals from Nemea. For 10 points, name this animal which forms the body of a sphinx.", "answer": "lion [or lioness]", "page": "Lion", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129600, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124417, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 185], [186, 312], [313, 349], [350, 490], [491, 559], [560, 625]], "first_sentence": "One of these animals accompanies Yvain during his quest to win back the hand of Laudine.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This ruler's brother Thankmar revolted against him before being defeated in Eresburg. This man had his son and successor married to Theophano to conclude peace talks with Byzantium. He had several successful campaigns against the Slavs with the help of Gero the Great. This husband of Adelaide survived a battle that led to the deaths of Conrad the Red as well as Bulcsu and the chieftains Lel and Sur, who were executed at Regensburg. Seven years after he defeated the Magyars at Lechfeld, this man was crowned in 962 by Pope John XII. For 10 points name this Duke of Saxony who became the first German Holy Roman Emperor.", "answer": "Otto I [or Otto the Great; prompt on \"Otto\"]", "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129599, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124418, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 181], [182, 268], [269, 435], [436, 536], [537, 623]], "first_sentence": "This ruler's brother Thankmar revolted against him before being defeated in Eresburg.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This philosopher claimed that the \"shadowy interior of the household\" became part of public life as the state took on housekeeping functions. A book by this author argues that Western philosophy has made the vita activa subordinate to the vita contemplativa. This thinker blamed imperialism and anti-Semitism for originating a form of \"radical evil.\" This author of The Human Condition was attacked by the left for her analysis of Stalinism in The Origins of Totalitarianism. This philosopher reported on the trial of a Nazi official who embodied \"the banality of evil\". For 10 points, name this author of Eichmann in Jerusalem.", "answer": "Hannah Arendt", "page": "Hannah_Arendt", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129598, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124419, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 258], [259, 350], [351, 475], [476, 570], [571, 628]], "first_sentence": "This philosopher claimed that the \"shadowy interior of the household\" became part of public life as the state took on housekeeping functions.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A montage in this film parodies Woody Allen's Manhattan by playing Rhapsody in Blue on the soundtrack and having the protagonist perform oral sex on a bench underneath the Queensboro Bridge. A character in this film performs knee surgery while listening to \"Uptown Girl.\" The protagonist briefly dates a character played by John Cena and recalls her divorced father forcing her to repeat the statement \"monogamy isn't realistic.\" LeBron James is the best friend and wingman of Bill Hader's character, who is dating the commitment-phobic protagonist. For 10 points, name this 2015 film starring Amy Schumer as a woman getting her love life together.", "answer": "Trainwreck ", "page": "Train_wreck", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129597, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124420, "tokenizations": [[0, 190], [191, 270], [270, 271], [272, 429], [430, 549], [550, 648]], "first_sentence": "A montage in this film parodies Woody Allen's Manhattan by playing Rhapsody in Blue on the soundtrack and having the protagonist perform oral sex on a bench underneath the Queensboro Bridge.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "F-box protein TIR1 is a receptor for these compounds. These compounds activate proton pumps which in turn activate expansins. These compounds move via a namesake \"polar transport\" whose direction is controlled by PIN proteins. These compounds cause elongation per the acid growth hypothesis. Two of these compounds were mixed to make Agent Orange. An experiment involving growth of a coleoptile of monocots on agar led to the discovery of these compounds and their role in phototropism. The most common form of these compounds in nature is indole-3-acetic acid. For 10 points, name this plant hormone which promotes growth.", "answer": "auxins [prompt on indole-3-acetic acid or IAA until \"Agent\" is read] ", "page": "Auxin", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129596, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124421, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 226], [227, 291], [292, 347], [348, 486], [487, 561], [562, 623]], "first_sentence": "F-box protein TIR1 is a receptor for these compounds. These compounds activate proton pumps which in turn activate expansins.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A prison memoir from this country addresses a policeman as \"Mr. Investigator\" and \"Mr. I\". A novel set in this country includes the diary of a doctor rehabilitating a starving man. True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist is set in this country, where, in another work, a character dreads his father's return from the hospital and later spits at Sam, demanding to be called the play's title phrase. In a novel from this country, a man tries to bring his dying mother to Prince Albert, and is a gardener with a cleft palate. For 10 points, \"Master Harold\"...and the Boys and Life and Times of Michael K are set in what home country of Athol Fugard and J.M. Coetzee? ", "answer": "Republic of South Africa", "page": "South_Africa", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129595, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124422, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 180], [181, 397], [398, 522], [523, 663]], "first_sentence": "A prison memoir from this country addresses a policeman as \"Mr. Investigator\" and \"Mr. I\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A formalism used in this technique uses a pulse sequence and a gradient field to encode spatial information which is Fourier transformed from the k-space image. Since they lower T1 relaxation times, paramagnetic substances such as gadolinium are commonly used as contrast agents in this technique. Seiji Ogawa developed a form of this technique which uses BOLD contrast to observe blood flow in the brain. This technique with a \"functional\" variety targets hydrogen nuclei found in the water in most tissues, and does not use ionizing radiation like CT scans do. For 10 points, name this medical imaging technique which uses a magnetic field to visualize the body.", "answer": "MRI [or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; or functional magnetic resonance imaging; or f-MRI]", "page": "Magnetic_resonance_imaging", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129594, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124423, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 297], [298, 405], [406, 562], [563, 664]], "first_sentence": "A formalism used in this technique uses a pulse sequence and a gradient field to encode spatial information which is Fourier transformed from the k-space image.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of these structures was proposed by Indiana entrepreneur Carl Fisher and named after Abraham Lincoln. Residents of San Francisco led one of the most successful \"revolts\" against a variety of these structures during the 1960s. Tulsa resident Cyrus Avery is nicknamed the \"father\" of one of these structures. An urban legend alleges that a system of these structures were built wide enough to land a B-52. A 1956 bill authorized the federal government to build these structures and was partially inspired by President Eisenhower's wartime experience with the autobahn. For 10 points, name these means of travel that include I-35 and Route 66.", "answer": "roads [or interstate highways; or freeways; accept any answer that suggests roads travelled by automobiles; do not accept or prompt on \"railroads\"]", "page": "Road", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129593, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124424, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 229], [230, 310], [311, 407], [408, 570], [571, 644]], "first_sentence": "One of these structures was proposed by Indiana entrepreneur Carl Fisher and named after Abraham Lincoln.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A play by an author from this country documents the rise to power of a Polish prince who had been imprisoned by his father. Another author from this country wrote about travels with a silvery donkey in the collection Platero and I. A character created by an author from this country is the subject of Pushkin's The Stone Guest. This country' was the home to the \"Generation of '27\", and authors from this country wrote The Dog in the Manger and Life is a Dream. The protagonist plans to blow up a bridge during this country's civil war in Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls. For 10 points, name this home country of Lope de Vega and Pedro Calderon de la Barca.", "answer": "Spain", "page": "Spain", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129592, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124425, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 327], [328, 461], [462, 575], [576, 661]], "first_sentence": "A play by an author from this country documents the rise to power of a Polish prince who had been imprisoned by his father.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "According to this religion, each person has a \"big\" and a \"little\" guardian angel. This religion's stories include the banishment of Obatala by Olorun. Symbols for this faith's deities are created using flour and ash, and those with great Ashe in this religion become Bokors. In this religion, the Kanzo ceremony can be used to initiate houngan priests and mambo priestesses. The gods in this faith are divided into the Petro and Rada families, with the supreme god Bondye ruling over Papa Legba and the top hat wearing Baron Samedi. For 10 points, name this religion which is popular in Haiti and which venerates spirits called loa and does not actually involve sticking pins in dolls.", "answer": "Voodoo [or Vodoun]", "page": "Haitian_Vodou", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129591, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124426, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 151], [152, 275], [276, 375], [376, 533], [534, 686]], "first_sentence": "According to this religion, each person has a \"big\" and a \"little\" guardian angel.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of this country's many embassies to a European nation was depicted in a Jean-Leon Gerome painting. This country's government transitioned to a constitutional monarchy during the Promoter's Revolution. After its soldiers killed Inspector Grosgurin, this country tangled with a colonial power in the Paknam incident. Taksin was the only king of its Thonburi dynasty. Although it often warred with France, this country was the only Southeast Asian state to avoid colonization by Europeans. This country's king Mongkut, a member of its Chakri dynasty, allowed Anna Leonowens to educate his children. Kings named Rama have ruled, for 10 points, what country formerly known as Siam? ", "answer": "Thailand [or Siam until mentioned] ", "page": "Thailand", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129590, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124427, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [103, 204], [205, 318], [319, 368], [369, 490], [491, 599], [600, 680]], "first_sentence": "One of this country's many embassies to a European nation was depicted in a Jean-Leon Gerome painting.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The infrared spectra of cold examples of these are dominated by methane, while hot spectra contain signatures of water. Queloz and Mayor discovered one of them around 51 Pegasi, and the first discovery of these objects was made around a pulsar. These objects, along with brown dwarfs, can be detected with Doppler spectroscopy. The TESS mission intends to study nearby ones, which can be detected by observing dips in stellar light curves in the transit method. In July 2015, one of these named Kepler 452b was announced as Earth's \"bigger, older cousin.\" For 10 points, name these objects, including \"hot Jupiters\" and \"super Earths,\" that orbit stars other than our Sun.", "answer": "exoplanets [or extrasolar planets; prompt on planets]", "page": "Exoplanet", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129589, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124428, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 244], [245, 327], [328, 461], [462, 555], [556, 672]], "first_sentence": "The infrared spectra of cold examples of these are dominated by methane, while hot spectra contain signatures of water.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The opening theme of this composer's Piano Sonata No. 8 is accompanied by A minor block triads in the left hand. A horn concerto in D major is followed by three more in E-flat major that this composer wrote for the virtuoso Joseph Leutgeb. The nickname of his penultimate symphony contrasts it with his Symphony No. 25, the \"little G minor.\" The F major Andante from his Elvira Madigan piano concerto is often excerpted as a separate piece. This composer's Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major is labelled \"for beginners,\" while his Piano Sonata No. 11 ends with the Rondo alla Turca. For 10 points, name this composer of Eine kleine Nachtmusik.", "answer": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", "page": "Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129588, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124429, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 239], [240, 340], [340, 341], [342, 440], [441, 578], [579, 639]], "first_sentence": "The opening theme of this composer's Piano Sonata No. 8 is accompanied by A minor block triads in the left hand.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A pope of this name was accused of being a necromancer by one of his enemies, Benno of Meissen. Another pope of this name is best known for his collaborations with astronomers Aloysius Lilius and Christopher Clavius. Henry IV walked to Canossa in a hair shirt to have an excommunication that was given to him by a pope of this name rescinded during the Investiture Controversy. For his contributions to the development of Catholic liturgy, the first pope of this name is nicknamed \"the Great.\" For 10 points, give this name shared by sixteen popes, including the one who created a namesake calendar that is still in use today.", "answer": "Gregory [accept Gregorian Calendar]", "page": "Gregory_(given_name)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129587, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124430, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 216], [217, 377], [378, 493], [494, 626]], "first_sentence": "A pope of this name was accused of being a necromancer by one of his enemies, Benno of Meissen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Knut Wicksell wrote about the \"natural\" form of this quantity in a book titled for this concept \"and Prices\". Irving Fisher developed an equation to relate two forms of this quantity and the inflation rate. This quantity is the dependent variable in the L-M curve, and is plotted on the y-axis of the IS-LM model. LIBOR [\"lie-bor\"] is an indexed reference for this quantity, which is overseen by the Federal Open Market Committee. The federal version of this quantity has not been raised since 2006. For 10 points, name this key economic variable, which is paid on deposits and charged on loans.", "answer": "interest rate [or nominal interest rate; or real interest rate; prompt on \"r\" or \"i\"]", "page": "Interest_rate", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129585, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124432, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 206], [207, 313], [314, 430], [431, 499], [500, 595]], "first_sentence": "Knut Wicksell wrote about the \"natural\" form of this quantity in a book titled for this concept \"and Prices\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character argues that Frenchmen are not men because they do not speak English. He owns a supposedly magic hairball that he took from the stomach of an ox. Two characters dress him up as a \"Sick Arab\" to execute the \"Royal Nonesuch\" scam. This character is discovered by the protagonist when they are both hiding on Jackson Island. Two characters engage in an overblown rescue attempt to free this character from a shed on the Phelps' farm. At the end of the novel he appears in it is announced that Miss Watson has died, meaning that this character is free. For 10 points, name this escaped slave who travels down the Mississippi with Huck Finn. ", "answer": "Jim", "page": "Jim_(Huckleberry_Finn)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129584, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124433, "tokenizations": [[0, 83], [84, 159], [160, 242], [243, 335], [336, 444], [445, 562], [563, 650]], "first_sentence": "This character argues that Frenchmen are not men because they do not speak English.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The community of Rankin Inlet in this territory lost a plebiscite to be the capital when this territory was first established. In July 2015, this territory's community of Repulse Bay changed its name to Naujaat. This territory's highest point is Barbeau Peak, located in the British Empire Range on this territory's Ellesmere Island. This territory is home to the military base CFB Alert, which is the northernmost permanently inhabited settlement in the world. This territory split from the Northwest Territories in 1999. For 10 points, name this Canadian arctic territory whose capital is Iqaluit, populated mostly by Inuit.", "answer": "Nunavut", "page": "Nunavut", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129583, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124434, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 211], [212, 333], [334, 461], [462, 522], [523, 626]], "first_sentence": "The community of Rankin Inlet in this territory lost a plebiscite to be the capital when this territory was first established.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The losing commander of this battle was so ashamed by his defeat that he ordered his subordinate, Charles O'Hara, to present his sword to the winning commander, who in turn gave the sword to Benjamin Lincoln. After this battle, a band played \"The World Turned Upside Down.\" Alexander Hamilton led an attack in this battle on Redoubts No. 9 and 10. It was preceded by a naval battle in which Thomas Graves' fleet was decimated by the Comte de Grasse. Rochambeau's French forces assisted the colonial army at this battle in capturing Charles Cornwallis. Fought in 1781 in coastal Virginia, this is, for 10 points, what final battle of the American Revolution?", "answer": "Battle of Yorktown [or Siege of Yorktown]", "page": "Siege_of_Yorktown", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129582, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124435, "tokenizations": [[0, 208], [209, 273], [274, 347], [348, 449], [450, 551], [552, 657]], "first_sentence": "The losing commander of this battle was so ashamed by his defeat that he ordered his subordinate, Charles O'Hara, to present his sword to the winning commander, who in turn gave the sword to Benjamin Lincoln.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An argument about this concept comes from the idea that all knowledge is what was previously learned. While speaking to Cebes and Simmias, a man gives the cyclical, recollection, and affinity arguments about this concept. The Republic ends with the myth of Er, who witnesses a phenomenon governing this concept, called metempsychosis. This concept is the subject of Phaedo, which is set the day before Socrates' suicide. The ancient Greeks believed plants, animals, and all living things possessed this concept, whose \"transmigration\" includes its reincarnation. For 10 points, Aristotle's De Anima discusses what concept that Plato argued is immortal?", "answer": "the soul [or immortality of the soul; or anima until it is read; or psyche; prompt on \"life\" or \"being alive\" until it is read]", "page": "Soul", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129581, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124436, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 221], [222, 334], [335, 420], [421, 562], [563, 652]], "first_sentence": "An argument about this concept comes from the idea that all knowledge is what was previously learned.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A second-act scene from this ballet begins with a solo oboe playing a long F-sharp, and then an ascending B minor scale from B back up to the original F-sharp. In its third act, thirty-two consecutive fouett\u00c3\u00a9s [\"fwee-TAYZ\"] end a pas-de-deux between the male lead and female antagonist, who traditionally is clad in black and performed by the same ballerina as the female lead, despite being the doppelganger Odile. At the end of this ballet, the sorcerer Von Rothbart has his power broken when Siegfried drowns himself alongside his transformed love. For 10 points, name this Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ballet in which Odette turns into the title bird.", "answer": "Swan Lake [or Lebedinoye ozero]", "page": "Swan_Lake", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129580, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124437, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 416], [417, 552], [553, 652]], "first_sentence": "A second-act scene from this ballet begins with a solo oboe playing a long F-sharp, and then an ascending B minor scale from B back up to the original F-sharp.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One structure with this shape exhibits a double peak at 208 and 222 nm in circular dichroism spectroscopy. Certain structures with this shape are formed via Hoogsteen interactions. A molecule with this structure typically exists in a B form and contains a major and minor groove. A protein which takes this shape has glycine at roughly every three residues, and contains high amounts of proline and hydroxyproline. Collagen's three strands form this shape. This structure was elucidated by the X-ray crystallography of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. For 10 points, name this shape, a \"double\" variety of which forms DNA.", "answer": "helix [or double helix; or triple helix; or quadruple helix]", "page": "Helix", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129579, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124438, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 180], [181, 279], [280, 414], [415, 456], [457, 557], [558, 628]], "first_sentence": "One structure with this shape exhibits a double peak at 208 and 222 nm in circular dichroism spectroscopy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The premature retreat of this city's Argive allies led to its defeat by its perennial enemy Orchomenus in one battle, while earlier, this city had won the Battle of Haliartus, where they had killed Lysander. This city's hegemony began after a battle in which its echeloned phalanx had a very deep left wing, allowing it to defeat the elite Spartan right wing at the Battle of Leuctra. Critical to that victory was this city's elite unit of 150 pairs of male lovers, which was wiped out at the Battle of Chaeronea. For 10 points, name this Greek city-state which led the Boeotian League, employed a \"sacred band,\" and was legendarily founded by Cadmus and ruled by Oedipus.", "answer": "Thebes", "page": "Thebes,_Greece", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129578, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124439, "tokenizations": [[0, 207], [208, 384], [385, 513], [514, 672]], "first_sentence": "The premature retreat of this city's Argive allies led to its defeat by its perennial enemy Orchomenus in one battle, while earlier, this city had won the Battle of Haliartus, where they had killed Lysander.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the Metamorphoses, Helios transforms Clytie into one of these objects after her sister Leucothoe is buried alive. One of these objects memorializes a young man who is fatally struck with a stray discus in the aftermath of a love triangle between him, Zephyrus, and Apollo. Another of these objects appears at the place where Adonis is killed by a boar. A transformation into this object ends the life of a mortal who rejects the love of the nymph Echo, and is consequently drawn to a pool where he stares at his reflection until he decays into one of these objects. For 10 points, identify this type of object into which that youth, Narcissus, is transformed.", "answer": "flowers [or heliotrope; or sunflower; or hyacinth; or anemone; or narcissus before \"Narcissus\" is read]", "page": "Flower", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129577, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124440, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 275], [276, 355], [356, 568], [569, 662]], "first_sentence": "In the Metamorphoses, Helios transforms Clytie into one of these objects after her sister Leucothoe is buried alive.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artist showed a man wearing a crown over a turban in a painting in which a woman dressed in red spills a drink as she cowers from the central action. The title character of that painting by this artist is glaring at some illuminated text. Another of his paintings shows a man wearing a gold chain with a medallion representing Alexander the Great resting his hand on a marble statue. This artist of Belshazzar's Feast and Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer made many self portraits throughout his life. A chicken hangs off of a girl's dress in a painting by this artist that shows the militia company of Franz Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist of The Night Watch.", "answer": "Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn [or Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn]", "page": "Rembrandt", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129576, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124441, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 243], [244, 388], [389, 512], [513, 633], [634, 691]], "first_sentence": "This artist showed a man wearing a crown over a turban in a painting in which a woman dressed in red spills a drink as she cowers from the central action.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a novel by this author, a character is inspired to buy a Bigburger franchise after seeing the economic growth caused by the building of the \"New Domain\". In another novel by this author, a stream distracts a child who has never seen water before, leading to his father's death by drowning. He wrote a novel in which Ferdinand frees Salim from jail in a country ruled by the Big Man. In another of his novels, the title character marries into the Tulsi family in order to achieve his goal of owning property. For 10 points, name this Trinidadian author of A Bend in the River and A House for Mr. Biswas.", "answer": "V. S. Naipaul [or Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul]", "page": "V._S._Naipaul", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129575, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124442, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 292], [293, 385], [386, 510], [511, 605]], "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, a character is inspired to buy a Bigburger franchise after seeing the economic growth caused by the building of the \"New Domain\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This property describes why electrons form patterns in LEED. In the debate resolved by this concept, Poisson argued that one side must be false since otherwise a small spot would be present, and that spot was later shown to exist by Arago. Electrons following Bragg's law after being fired at a nickel crystal provided evidence for this phenomenon in the Davisson-Germer experiment. An equation describing this phenomenon sets a certain value equal to Planck's constant over the momentum. This property is the subject of the de Broglie hypothesis. For 10 points, name this concept that resolved a debate over the nature of light by treating it as having two natures.\u2028", "answer": "wave-particle duality [or de Broglie until it is read; accept answers along the lines of \"matter has wave nature\" or \"waves have particle nature\"]", "page": "Wave\u2013particle_duality", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129574, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124443, "tokenizations": [[0, 60], [61, 239], [240, 382], [383, 488], [489, 547], [548, 667]], "first_sentence": "This property describes why electrons form patterns in LEED.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This play's protagonist refers to another character by saying that he is \"As disproportion'd in his manners, as in his shape.\" One character in this play sings that a drowned body \"doth suffer a sea-change into something rich and strange,\" in a song that begins \"Full fathom five thy father lies.\" This play's epilogue asks the audience to release the main character by virtue of their applause. That character had earlier promised to break his staff and drown his books, even though it would mean losing control of the fairy Ariel and his servant Caliban. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare play in which Ferdinand marries Miranda after being washed up on Prospero's island.", "answer": "The Tempest", "page": "The_Tempest", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129573, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124444, "tokenizations": [[0, 74], [74, 125], [125, 296], [296, 395], [396, 556], [557, 677]], "first_sentence": "This play's protagonist refers to another character by saying that he is \"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Forces loyal to this ruler lost to the Covenanters in the Bishops' Wars. Before he came to power, this ruler was nearly married to the Infanta Maria Anna in the Spanish Match. In another conflict, forces loyal to this ruler were commanded by his nephew, Prince Rupert of the Rhine. After the death of his favorite, the Duke of Buckingham, this husband of Henrietta Maria ignored parliament during an eleven year \"personal rule.\" As a result, this ruler was executed after his supporters, known as Cavaliers, were defeated by the New Model Army. For 10 points, name this second Stuart King who was overthrown by Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil War.", "answer": "Charles I [prompt on just \"Charles\"]", "page": "Charles_I_of_England", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129572, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124445, "tokenizations": [[0, 72], [73, 175], [176, 281], [282, 428], [429, 544], [545, 652]], "first_sentence": "Forces loyal to this ruler lost to the Covenanters in the Bishops' Wars.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One entry in this collection describes the elopement of three men with three sisters, one of whom saves the life of another by surrendering to the Duke of Crete. Several episodes in this collection were inspired by the Seven Wise Masters collection. Members of the Brigata take turns being King and Queen in this collection, whose first story describes a gullible friar praising a sinful businessman named Ciapelletto [\"cha-pay-LAY-toe\"]. The comedic Dianeo deviates from the day's themes in this work. The narrators of this collection's stories are fleeing from Florence. For 10 points, name this collection of one hundred tales told during the black plague, written by 14th century Italian poet Giovanni Boccaccio.", "answer": "The Decameron [or Decamerone]", "page": "The_Decameron", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129571, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124446, "tokenizations": [[0, 161], [162, 249], [250, 438], [439, 502], [503, 572], [573, 716]], "first_sentence": "One entry in this collection describes the elopement of three men with three sisters, one of whom saves the life of another by surrendering to the Duke of Crete.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A philosopher with this name from Apollonia modified Anaximenes' theory that air is the fundamental substance, claiming that it has intelligence, which humans gain by breathing. A 3rd century biographer with this name wrote Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers. A thinker with this name claimed to be \"a citizen of the world\" after being exiled for defacing his city's currency. A man with this name refuted Plato's definition of a human as a bipedal, featherless animal by plucking a chicken. This is the name of a man who walked with a lantern in search of \"one honest man.\" For 10 points, give the name of a Cynic philosopher from Sinope.", "answer": "Diogenes [or Diogenes of Sinope; or Diogenes of Apollonia; or Diogenes Laertius]", "page": "Diogenes", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129570, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124447, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 267], [268, 384], [385, 499], [500, 582], [583, 647]], "first_sentence": "A philosopher with this name from Apollonia modified Anaximenes' theory that air is the fundamental substance, claiming that it has intelligence, which humans gain by breathing.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artist painted two men carrying an enormous grapevine in a series of paintings commissioned by the Duc de Richelieu, titled the Four Seasons. A woman in a gold and blue robe rests her arm on the back of a man pointing at a tomb bearing the title phrase of a painting by this artist. Another painting by this artist shows a title character playing the lyre in the right foreground and Aurora leading of the Chariot of Apollo away in the sky. A putto blows bubbles at the bottom left of that painting by this artist, which centers a ring of four figures representing fortunes of life dancing in a circle. For 10 points name this 17th-century French Baroque painter of Et in Arcadia Ego and A Dance to the Music of Time.", "answer": "Nicolas Poussin", "page": "Nicolas_Poussin", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129569, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124448, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 287], [288, 445], [446, 607], [608, 722]], "first_sentence": "This artist painted two men carrying an enormous grapevine in a series of paintings commissioned by the Duc de Richelieu, titled the Four Seasons.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This leader allowed Barbet Schroeder to film a candid documentary about his country, titled for this leader and subtitled A Self Portrait. He ordered the deaths of Dora Bloch and many Kenyans living in his country in retribution for a raid codenamed Operation Thunderbolt. This leader was exiled to Saudi Arabia after failing to conquer the Kagera region. This leader welcomed the hijackers of Air France Flight 139 to land at Entebbe Airport, and expelled all of his country's Asian residents. He came to power in a coup against Milton Obote and nicknamed himself \"The Last King of Scotland.\" For 10 points, name this dictator of Uganda.", "answer": "Idi Amin [or Idi Amin Dada]", "page": "Idi_Amin", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129568, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124449, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 272], [273, 355], [356, 494], [495, 593], [594, 638]], "first_sentence": "This leader allowed Barbet Schroeder to film a candid documentary about his country, titled for this leader and subtitled A Self Portrait.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A painting technique from this country that does not use outlines has a name that means \"boneless\". This country is home to a contemporary artist who arranged hundreds of bicycles in his Forever Bicycles series and photographed himself destroying an ancient vase. A busy \"Rainbow Bridge\" is depicted in a painting from this country that transitions from the rural to urban as it follows a river upstream. Artwork from this country often bears red seals from its owners and calligraphic inscriptions from its artists. For 10 points, name this home country of Ai Weiwei where Along the River During the Qingming [\"ching-ming\"] Festival was produced in the Song dynasty.", "answer": "China [or Zhongguo]", "page": "China", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129567, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124450, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 263], [264, 404], [405, 516], [517, 624], [625, 667]], "first_sentence": "A painting technique from this country that does not use outlines has a name that means \"boneless\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poet wrote that \"you look like a world, lying in surrender\" to describe the body of a woman with \"white hills, white thighs\". This poet asked for his countrymen to \"speak through my words and my blood\" in one poem. This poet wrote that \"she loved me / sometimes, I loved her too\" in another poem. A section of a book by this poet begins \"rise to be born with me, brother\". This poet wrote \"tonight I can write the saddest lines\" in a collection that ends with a poem that repeats \"in you everything sank!\" For 10 points, name this Chilean poet who included \"The Heights of Machu Picchu\" in Canto General [\"hen-eh-RAL\"] and wrote Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.", "answer": "Pablo Neruda", "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129566, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124451, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 219], [220, 301], [302, 377], [378, 510], [511, 674]], "first_sentence": "This poet wrote that \"you look like a world, lying in surrender\" to describe the body of a woman with \"white hills, white thighs\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Particles that have undergone this process appear to have imaginary momentums. This phenomenon is analogous to frustrated total internal reflection. George Gamow's explanation of alpha decay models it as this process. The Josephson effect involves the production of a current due to this phenomenon occurring to Cooper pairs. This phenomenon cannot occur in an infinite square well, but can occur in a finite potential well where edges of the wavefunction appear to leak out. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a particle with insufficient energy passes through a potential barrier to enter a classically forbidden region.\u2028", "answer": "quantum tunneling", "page": "Quantum_tunnelling", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129565, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124452, "tokenizations": [[0, 78], [79, 148], [149, 217], [218, 325], [326, 475], [476, 633]], "first_sentence": "Particles that have undergone this process appear to have imaginary momentums.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man in this novel puts his dirty hands on a white tablecloth rather than shake hands with the clergyman Mr. Heaton. That man in this novel is enraged when his wife complains of his filthiness, after which he locks her out of the house and she smears her face with lily pollen. In this novel, Gyp's engagement to William ends with William's death from pneumonia. This novel's protagonist cannot bring himself to love Miriam or Clara Dawes because his feelings for them are overpowered by his love for a woman with whom he has the title family relationship, his mother Gertrude. For 10 points, name this novel about Paul Morel, written by D. H. Lawrence. ", "answer": "Sons and Lovers ", "page": "Sons_and_Lovers", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129564, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124453, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 236], [237, 278], [279, 363], [364, 578], [579, 654]], "first_sentence": "A man in this novel puts his dirty hands on a white tablecloth rather than shake hands with the clergyman Mr. Heaton.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The first piece in this collection closes with a minuet that alternates with a polonaise and two trios. The second piece in this collection features a solo trumpet using the high-pitched clarino register. The fourth of these pieces prominently features a violin and two flauti d'echo, which are usually replaced with recorders. In the middle of the first movement of the fifth of these pieces, the other instruments drop out to leave the solo harpsichord with a lengthy cadenza. Each piece in this 1721 collection calls for a group of solo instruments to be backed by the larger orchestra. For 10 points, name this set of six pieces written by J.S. Bach for the title German margrave.", "answer": "Brandenburg Concertos [or Six Concerts \u00c3\u00a0 plusieurs instruments]", "page": "Brandenburg_Concertos", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129563, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124454, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 204], [205, 327], [328, 478], [479, 589], [590, 684]], "first_sentence": "The first piece in this collection closes with a minuet that alternates with a polonaise and two trios.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Proteins sent to this organelle may be bound by the heat shock protein BiP [\"b-i-p\"]. Vesicles destined for retrograde transport to this organelle are coated with COPI [\"cop-one\"]. Proteins with the KDEL [\"k-dell\"] sequence cannot leave this organelle until it is cleaved off. In this organelle, PDI reacts with cysteine residues to form disulfide bonds. The membrane of this organelle is continuous with that of the nucleus. A form of this organelle found in the muscles stores calcium ions. One type of this organelle is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification, while the other is named for the ribosomes studding its surface. For 10 points name this organelle with smooth and rough varieties.", "answer": "endoplasmic reticulum [or ER; accept smooth endoplasmic reticulum; accept rough endoplasmic reticulum; accept sarcoplasmic reticulum]", "page": "Endoplasmic_reticulum", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129561, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124456, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 180], [181, 276], [277, 354], [355, 425], [426, 492], [493, 636], [637, 703]], "first_sentence": "Proteins sent to this organelle may be bound by the heat shock protein BiP [\"b-i-p\"].", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This musician tells the title figure \"you had me but I never had you/ I wanted you but you didn't want me\" in a song that ends with the refrain \"Mama don't go/ Daddy come home.\" In another song by this musician, the title phenomenon \"is gonna get you/ gonna knock you right in the head\" - the chorus of that song by this musician declares \"we all shine on.\" This singer of \"Mother\" and \"Instant Karma!\" sang the lyrics \"You may say I'm a dreamer/ but I'm not the only one\" in a song that pictures a world without countries or religion. For 10 points, name this former Beatle who collaborated with his wife Yoko Ono on songs like \"Imagine.\"", "answer": "John Lennon", "page": "John_Lennon", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129560, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124457, "tokenizations": [[0, 69], [70, 82], [83, 176], [176, 356], [356, 357], [358, 446], [447, 535], [536, 639]], "first_sentence": "This musician tells the title figure \"you had me but I never had you/", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Adherents of this religion often sell bean pies to raise money due to their promotion by one of this religion's leaders. A founding member of this religion wrote about how the flaming wheel in Ezekiel's visions was actually a giant UFO called the Mother Plane. According to this religion, while on the island of Patmos, a scientist named Yakub used selective breeding to create white people. This religion's current leader has been criticized by the Anti-Defamation League for referring to Judaism as a \"gutter religion.\" That man, the successor to Elijah Muhammad, is Louis Farrakhan. For 10 points, name this religious movement whose adherents included Malcolm X.", "answer": "Nation of Islam [do not accept \"Islam\"]", "page": "Nation_of_Islam", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129559, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124458, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 260], [261, 391], [392, 520], [520, 585], [586, 665]], "first_sentence": "Adherents of this religion often sell bean pies to raise money due to their promotion by one of this religion's leaders.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "For a statistical ensemble, this quantity is equal to the \"variance in energy, over Boltzmann's constant, times temperature squared.\" One model of this quantity predicted its cubic dependence at low temperatures by modelling vibrations as phonons. At higher temperatures, this quantity is proportional to the molar mass of metal solids with a ratio of roughly 3 times the ideal gas constant. The derivative of internal energy with respect to temperature gives this quantity at constant volume. This quantity, which is modeled by the Dulong-Petit and Debye models has a value of 4.184 joules per gram Celsius for water. For 10 points, name this amount of heat needed to change the temperature of a material.", "answer": "heat capacity [or specific heat capacity; or molar heat capacity]", "page": "Heat_capacity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129558, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124459, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [132, 247], [248, 391], [392, 493], [494, 618], [619, 706]], "first_sentence": "For a statistical ensemble, this quantity is equal to the \"variance in energy, over Boltzmann's constant, times temperature squared.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Due to this man's intervention, Georges Boulanger, an advocate of revanchism, was made War Minister in the cabinet of Charles Freycinet. A friend of this man, Cornelius Herz, cost this man an election when he was found to have taken bribes in the Panama Scandal. This man's newspaper L'Aurore [\"low-ROAR\"] was where Emile Zola's \"J'Accuse\" [\"jah-KOOZ\"] was first published. In his most famous role, he often clashed with President Raymond Poincare [\"pawn-ka-RAY\"]. This \"Tiger\" was shot by Emile Cottin while at an event where he argued for harsh reparations for Germany. For 10 points, name this Prime Minister of France during World War I, a member of the \"Big 4\" at the Paris Peace Conference.", "answer": "Georges Clemenceau ", "page": "Georges_Clemenceau", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129557, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124460, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 262], [263, 373], [374, 464], [465, 571], [572, 696]], "first_sentence": "Due to this man's intervention, Georges Boulanger, an advocate of revanchism, was made War Minister in the cabinet of Charles Freycinet.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This novel's first sentence describes a town as \"trying not to be blown away\" during a winter storm. Two characters in this novel first kiss when the lights go out at a church carnival. This novel begins with the protagonist trying to coax her little brother's kitten down from the top of a telegraph pole. After being spotted embracing beneath a white mulberry tree, two characters in this novel are gunned down by a jealous husband. Crazy Ivar and Carl Linstrum are friends with this novel's protagonist, whose younger brother Emil is killed by Frank Shabata. Alexandra Bergson's family settles rural Nebraska in, for 10 points, what Willa Cather novel?", "answer": "O Pioneers!", "page": "O_Pioneers!", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129556, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124461, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 185], [186, 306], [307, 434], [435, 561], [562, 655]], "first_sentence": "This novel's first sentence describes a town as \"trying not to be blown away\" during a winter storm.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "James Tobin proposed creating one of these policies after the Bretton Woods conference to reduce exchange rate volatility. The \"dual\" approach to Ramsey problems asks how these policies can make consumers happiest, and Ramsey derived an \"optimal\" formula for them. The idea that consumers do not respond to changes in these policies because they take into account future government action is called Ricardian equivalence. A \"lump-sum\" variety of these policies may be progressive or regressive depending on what is used to calculate the effect of this policy. Types of these policies include Pigovian, value-added, and income. For 10 points, name these policies enacted by the government to raise revenue.", "answer": "taxes", "page": "Tax", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129555, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124462, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 264], [265, 421], [422, 559], [560, 626], [627, 705]], "first_sentence": "James Tobin proposed creating one of these policies after the Bretton Woods conference to reduce exchange rate volatility.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Mantel's theorem states that the maximum number of edges in an n-vertex graph without these objects is the floor of \"n squared over 4\". These objects, which are sometimes referred to as 2-simplices [\"SIMP-li-sees\"], name a construction where the value at the n-th row and k-th column is equal to \"n choose k\". Successively removing subsets from one of these results in a Sierpinski [\"sir-PIN-ski\"] gasket. They name and satisfy an inequality which states that the sum of the lengths of two of their sides is greater than or equal to the length of a third side. For 10 points, name these geometric figures which obey the Law of Cosines and have three sides.", "answer": "triangles ", "page": "Triangle", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129554, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124463, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 197], [198, 309], [310, 405], [406, 560], [561, 656]], "first_sentence": "Mantel's theorem states that the maximum number of edges in an n-vertex graph without these objects is the floor of \"n squared over 4\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "As a cabinet member, this politician had his relationship with the president satirized in a cartoon showing him as Romeo comforting Mercutio. Lewis Powell tried to assassinate this politician while he was on his sickbed. During debate over the Compromise of 1850, this politician invoked a \"higher law than the constitution\". He helped resolve the Trent Affair as Secretary of State. A decision led by this politician cost the United States $7.2 million and led to a territory being nicknamed his \"icebox.\" For 10 points, name this Secretary of State under Andrew Johnson and Abraham Lincoln who spearheaded the purchase of Alaska, which was nicknamed his \"folly.\"", "answer": "William H. Seward [or William Henry Seward]", "page": "William_H._Seward", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129553, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124464, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 220], [221, 325], [326, 383], [384, 506], [507, 664]], "first_sentence": "As a cabinet member, this politician had his relationship with the president satirized in a cartoon showing him as Romeo comforting Mercutio.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This goddess estranges herself from one of her brothers when that brother kills a food goddess who vomits out a feast. This deity's necklace is used to produce five women during a contest in which this goddess produces three men from her brother's sword. The sound of laughter at another goddess performing a striptease atop a bathtub convinces this goddess to sneak a peek, only to be dazzled by her own reflection in a mirror and dragged out of a cave. That incident occurs after this goddess is insulted by her impetuous brother Susanoo [\"SOO-sah-NO-wo\"]. This goddess's direct descendants are the emperors of Japan. For 10 points, name this Shinto goddess of the sun.", "answer": "Amaterasu", "page": "Amaterasu", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129552, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124465, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 254], [255, 454], [455, 558], [559, 619], [620, 671]], "first_sentence": "This goddess estranges herself from one of her brothers when that brother kills a food goddess who vomits out a feast.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During this conflict, David Rubinger photographed paratroopers praying beside a recently captured landmark. After this war, the Purple Line was established. A party in this conflict accidentally attacked the American warship USS Liberty. A policy promising \"land for peace\" was issued in the aftermath of this conflict by its winner, which used a strategy planned by the eyepatch-sporting defence minister Moshe Dayan. The victor of this war carried out Operation Focus to destroy the Egyptian air force, and occupied the Golan Heights, the Sinai Peninsula and the West Bank. For 10 points, name this 1967 war won by Israel in less than a week.", "answer": "Six-Day War [or 1967 Arab\u00c2\u2013Israeli War before \"1967\"; or an-Naksah; prompt on \"Arab\u00c2\u2013Israeli War\"; do not accept \"al-Nakba\"]  ", "page": "Six-Day_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129551, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124466, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 156], [157, 237], [238, 418], [419, 575], [576, 644]], "first_sentence": "During this conflict, David Rubinger photographed paratroopers praying beside a recently captured landmark.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A man who advocated this psychological approach identified autoclitic, echoic, intraverbal, tact and mand relations in a classification of five types of language, which were opposed by Chomsky's innateness theory of language acquisition. The developer of the \"radical\" form of this school was influenced by Edward Thorndike's law of effect and developed a namesake box in which rats could press a lever for food. A psychologist from this school made a child fear white furry things in the Little Albert experiment, an example of classical conditioning. For 10 points, name this school of psychology developed by John Watson and B.F. Skinner that focuses on an individual's observable actions.", "answer": "behaviorism [or word forms like \"behaviorist\"; or radical behaviorism; do not accept \"behavioralism\"]", "page": "Behaviorism", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129550, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124467, "tokenizations": [[0, 237], [238, 412], [413, 552], [553, 692]], "first_sentence": "A man who advocated this psychological approach identified autoclitic, echoic, intraverbal, tact and mand relations in a classification of five types of language, which were opposed by Chomsky's innateness theory of language acquisition.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Gustav Mahler's symphony of this number comprises six movements with descriptions such as \"Pan Awakens - Summer Marches In.\" A C minor symphony of this number has two movements, each subdivided into two sections, with each second section featuring an organ. A rising \"F, A-flat, F\" motif representing the concept \"free but happy\" begins Johannes Brahms's F major symphony of this number. Ludwig van Beethoven's symphony of this number opens with two tutti E-flat major chords, has a second-movement funeral march, and was re-dedicated to the \"memory of a great man\" in place of Napoleon. For 10 points, give this number of the Eroica Symphony.", "answer": "three [or Symphony No. 3]", "page": "3", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129549, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124468, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [123, 124], [125, 257], [258, 387], [388, 587], [588, 643]], "first_sentence": "Gustav Mahler's symphony of this number comprises six movements with descriptions such as \"Pan Awakens - Summer Marches In.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "To describe a vector space of n dimensions, one needs a set of n vectors with this type of independence. This word describes first order differential equations that are easily solvable by using an integrating factor and can be written in the form y prime plus p of x times y equals q of x. This word describes any mapping that preserves addition and multiplication. Functions which are additive and have degree one homogeneity are described by this word. Cramer's Rule can be used to solve systems of equations described by this word, which names polynomials of degree one. For 10 points, name this word which describes equations of the form y equals m x plus b.", "answer": "linear", "page": "Linearity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129548, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124469, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 289], [290, 365], [366, 454], [455, 573], [574, 662]], "first_sentence": "To describe a vector space of n dimensions, one needs a set of n vectors with this type of independence.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "leader of this ethnicity was forced to convert to Christianity after signing the treaty of Wedmore. Another one of these people, whose life was depicted in the Chronicle of John of Wallingford, may have led attacks in reaction to the death of his sister Gunnhilde. These people were killed in the St. Brice's Day Massacre on the orders of Aethelred the Unready. One of these people named Guthrum signed a treaty creating an autonomous region for them after losing the Battle of Edington. Taxes paid to them to prevent raids were known as their namesake \"geld.\" For 10 points, name these people who controlled England under Sweyn Forkbeard and Canute, and who were often Vikings.", "answer": "Danes [or Danish people; prompt on \"Vikings\"]", "page": "Danes", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129547, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124470, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 264], [265, 361], [362, 487], [488, 560], [561, 678]], "first_sentence": "leader of this ethnicity was forced to convert to Christianity after signing the treaty of Wedmore.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One form of this quantity is equal to lambda times temperature to the three halves power divided by the temperature plus Sutherland's constant. Ludwig Prandtl proposed a structure which separates regions with zero and nonzero values of this quantity called the boundary layer. This quantity is lowered due to shear stress in thixotropic compounds. The ratio of inertial forces to forces caused by this quantity defines the Reynolds number. This quantity, which comes in kinematic and dynamic forms, is constant for Newtonian fluids. For 10 points, name this quantity which is a fluid's resistance to flow.", "answer": "viscosity [or dynamic viscosity; or kinematic viscosity]", "page": "Viscosity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129546, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124471, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 276], [277, 347], [348, 439], [440, 532], [533, 605]], "first_sentence": "One form of this quantity is equal to lambda times temperature to the three halves power divided by the temperature plus Sutherland's constant.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The third chapter of this book forms the basis for Jonathan Edwards' sermon The Justice of God in Damnation of Sinners. A section of this book's second chapter addresses hypocritical Jews who have turned away from the laws of God, and it ends with a list of locations its author plans to travel to as a part of his evangelizing campaign.  A verse in this book's third chapter mentions that man is \"justified by faith without the deeds of the law\" and is often used by Protestants to promote the doctrine of salvation through faith alone. For 10 points, name this first Pauline epistle, which is addressed to churches in the capital of a large Italian empire.", "answer": "Epistle to the Romans", "page": "Epistle_to_the_Romans", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129545, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124472, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 339], [339, 537], [538, 658]], "first_sentence": "The third chapter of this book forms the basis for Jonathan Edwards' sermon The Justice of God in Damnation of Sinners.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Late in his career, this artist published a book entitled Jazz which included many works created with the pochoir stencil technique. This artist used colored paper and scissors to make his \"cut-outs.\" A chair with a yellow seat is placed next to a window in a painting by this artist that shows a woman arranging fruit in a florally themed room. Embracing couples and a figure playing two pipes appear the foreground, and a group of six figures holding hands in the background, of a painting by this leader of a movement whose name translates as \"wild beasts.\" For 10 points, name this painter of The Red Room, The Joy of Life, and The Dance, who was a leading fauvist.", "answer": "Henri Matisse [or Henri-\u00c3\u2030mile-Beno\u00c3\u00aet Matisse]", "page": "Henri_Matisse", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129544, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124473, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 200], [201, 345], [346, 559], [559, 669]], "first_sentence": "Late in his career, this artist published a book entitled Jazz which included many works created with the pochoir stencil technique.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This fictional building has a \"barely perceptible fissure\" zig-zagging across its front. The narrator stares at this building's reflection in a \"black and lurid tarn\" to assuage his nervousness, but only grows more terrified. A resident of this building sings the  \"The Haunted Palace\" and is read to from Sir Launcelot Canning's \"The Mad Trist.\" The narrator's story about Ethelred is interrupted by a sound seemingly coming from this building's vault. Madeline is entombed alive in this building's vault by her brother, Roderick. For 10 points, name this building that collapses at the end of an Edward Allan Poe short story about its \"Fall.\" \u00c2\u00a0", "answer": "The House of Usher [or Roderick Usher's House; or \"The Fall of the House of Usher\"; accept equivalents to \"house\" like mansion]", "page": "The_Fall_of_the_House_of_Usher", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129543, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124474, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 225], [226, 346], [347, 453], [454, 531], [532, 644], [645, 646]], "first_sentence": "This fictional building has a \"barely perceptible fissure\" zig-zagging across its front.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One tributary of this river rises in the Adamawa Plateau and flows through Lagdo Reservoir before joining this river at Lokoja. A tributary of this river flows by the city of S\u00c3\u00a9gou, which served as the capital of the 18th century Bambara Empire. That tributary is the Benue. The exploitation of oil reserves on this river has caused the rise of militant groups such as MEND. The first Westerner to reach the central section of this river was the Scottish explorer Mungo Park. This river empties into the Gulf of Guinea after flowing through Bamako, Timbuktu, and Niamey. For 10 points, name this longest river of West Africa, the namesake of two countries in the region.", "answer": "Niger River [or fleuve Niger; or Joliba; or Isa Ber; or Oya; or Kwara]", "page": "Niger_River", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129542, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124475, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 246], [247, 275], [276, 375], [376, 476], [477, 571], [572, 671]], "first_sentence": "One tributary of this river rises in the Adamawa Plateau and flows through Lagdo Reservoir before joining this river at Lokoja.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Bronze Age maryannu caste was characterized by its use of these objects. This technology was countered by a U-shaped formation of infantry called Alexander's mousetrap. A Lusitanian man named Gaius Appuleius Diocles became one of the richest athletes ever by using a version of these objects called a quadriga. Thousands of these objects, the highest number ever assembled, clashed at the Battle of Kadesh. Fans of a sport using these objects made up the Green and Blue factions that clashed during the Nika riots in Justinian's Constantinople. For 10 points, name these horse-drawn vehicles that were raced in the Circus Maximus and Hippodrome.", "answer": "chariots [or quadriga until it is read]", "page": "Chariot", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129541, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124476, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 172], [173, 314], [315, 410], [411, 548], [549, 649]], "first_sentence": "The Bronze Age maryannu caste was characterized by its use of these objects.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a story by this author, a firing squad interrupts a fishing trip and kills Morissot and Sauvage for refusing to divulge a secret password. In another of his stories, a man dies of delirium after Malandain falsely accuses him of stealing a lost pocketbook. This author of \"Two Friends\" and \"The Piece of String\" wrote a story in which Cornudet annoys a carriage's passengers by whistling \"La Marseillaise,\" and whose title character is forced to sleep with a Prussian officer to free them. This man wrote a story in which Madame Loisel lives in poverty after losing a borrowed piece of jewelry. For 10 points, name this French writer of \"Ball of Fat\" and \"The Necklace.\"", "answer": "Guy de Maupassant [or Henri Ren\u00c3\u00a9 Albert Guy de Maupassant]", "page": "Guy_de_Maupassant", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129540, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124477, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 258], [259, 491], [492, 596], [597, 672]], "first_sentence": "In a story by this author, a firing squad interrupts a fishing trip and kills Morissot and Sauvage for refusing to divulge a secret password.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "These functional groups can be added to aromatic compounds by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrochloric acid and aluminum trichloride. Sugars with this functionality are considered reducing sugars. Unlike the Jones reagent, PCC forms one of these functional groups from primary alcohols by not fully oxidizing them to carboxylic acids. Reacting a Grignard reagent with one of these compounds forms a secondary alcohol. These compounds form a silver mirror when reacted with Tollens' reagent. Compounds with this functional group have names ending with -anal [\"uh-NAL\"]. For 10 points, name this functional group that is a terminal carbonyl.", "answer": "aldehydes [prompt on \"carbonyl\" until it is read]", "page": "Aldehyde", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129539, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124478, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 198], [199, 336], [337, 419], [420, 492], [493, 570], [571, 641]], "first_sentence": "These functional groups can be added to aromatic compounds by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrochloric acid and aluminum trichloride.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "When a character in this poem refuses to fight a man who once had the form of the woman Amba, he is attacked with such force that he falls down onto a bed of arrows. In this poem, a woman's robes miraculously grow longer to prevent her shameful disrobing during a game of dice that ends with five brothers being sent into twelve years of exile. This poem, which is narrated by Vyasa, culminates in the Kurukshetra War, fought between the rival Pandava and Kaurava brothers. That war begins after a dialogue that takes place largely between Arjuna and Krishna. For 10 points, name this Hindu epic that contains the Bhagavad Gita. ", "answer": "Mahabharata", "page": "Mahabharata", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129538, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124479, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 344], [345, 473], [474, 559], [560, 628]], "first_sentence": "When a character in this poem refuses to fight a man who once had the form of the woman Amba, he is attacked with such force that he falls down onto a bed of arrows.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During this conflict, a ship commanded by Raphael Semmes was attacked by the Kearsarge off the coast of Cherbourg. One side in this conflict became the first to sink a warship with a submarine when it used the H.L. Hunley. Because most of one side's ships were illegally built in London, the victor of this conflict received damages from the British government in the Alabama claims. Many \"blockade runners\" were built during this conflict after the implementation of the \"Anaconda Plan\" restricted one side's lucrative cotton exports. For 10 points, name this conflict that saw the first battle between ironclads, the USS Monitor and the CSS Merrimack. ", "answer": "the American Civil War", "page": "American_Civil_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129537, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124480, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 222], [223, 383], [384, 535], [536, 653]], "first_sentence": "During this conflict, a ship commanded by Raphael Semmes was attacked by the Kearsarge off the coast of Cherbourg.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author created a character who is given a check signed \"Charlie Chaplin\" when he asks Colonel Blount for money so that he can marry Nina. In another novel by this author, Teddy tends to a silver fox farm built at Hetton Abbey, which Brenda had left to marry Jock Grant-Menzies. In that novel by this author, a man has Dickens stories read to him by his prisoner in the Brazilian jungle, Tony Last. This author of Vile Bodies wrote a novel in which Julia divorces Rex Mottram but does not end up marrying her teddy bear-carrying brother Sebastian's Oxford classmate, Charles Ryder. For 10 points, name this British author of A Handful of Dust and Brideshead Revisited.", "answer": "Evelyn [\"EEV-lyn\"] Waugh", "page": "Evelyn_Waugh", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129536, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124481, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 282], [283, 402], [403, 585], [586, 672]], "first_sentence": "This author created a character who is given a check signed \"Charlie Chaplin\" when he asks Colonel Blount for money so that he can marry Nina.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Plans for this architect's Hotel Attraction were submitted to the Ground Zero redesign competition. A mosaic lizard by this designer is nicknamed \"El Drac\" and stands at the entrance of an urban park. Many of this designer's projects feature his four-armed cross. The Guell [\"goo-AYL\"] family was a major patron of this architect. One of his buildings has eighteen spires to represent the apostles and other Biblical figures. This architect's biggest project has Nativity and Passion Facades, and contemporary photos of that building all show construction cranes. For 10 points, name this Catalan architect who designed the as-yet-incomplete Sagrada Familia in Barcelona.", "answer": "Antoni Gaud\u00c3\u00ad i Cornet", "page": "Antoni_Gaud\u00ed", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129535, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124482, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 200], [201, 263], [264, 330], [331, 425], [426, 563], [564, 671]], "first_sentence": "Plans for this architect's Hotel Attraction were submitted to the Ground Zero redesign competition.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One member of this non-chordate phylum is commonly used to study fertilization and embryonic development due to its transparent eggs. Aristotle's description of one member of this phylum led to its feeding structure being called Aristotle's lantern. This phylum and Chordata make up the most common deuterostomes. Members of this phylum use the madreporite to filter water in their water vascular system. Although organisms in this phylum are born with bilateral symmetry, at adulthood they typically have five-sided radial symmetry. For 10 points, name this \"spiny skinned\" phylum whose members include sea urchins and starfish.", "answer": "echinoderms [or Echinodermata]", "page": "Echinoderm", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129534, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124483, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 249], [250, 313], [314, 404], [405, 533], [534, 629]], "first_sentence": "One member of this non-chordate phylum is commonly used to study fertilization and embryonic development due to its transparent eggs.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A book by Michael Sandel criticizes this thinker for a misguided \"philosophical anthropology\". This man wrote a book describing \"modular\" political ideas that are shared by people with diverse values. This author of Political Liberalism described \"overlapping consensus\" and argued that social inequalities should favor the disadvantaged, an idea called the \"difference principle\". This man claimed the maximin rule would govern choices people make in an \"original position\" in which they do not know what position they will hold in civil society. For 10 points, name this philosopher who described a veil of ignorance in his A Theory of Justice.", "answer": "John Rawls [or John Bordley Rawls]", "page": "John_Rawls", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129533, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124484, "tokenizations": [[0, 94], [95, 200], [201, 381], [382, 547], [548, 646]], "first_sentence": "A book by Michael Sandel criticizes this thinker for a misguided \"philosophical anthropology\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a novel from this country, Jimmy's father works at HelthWyzer and marries the lab tech Ramona, who takes care of the protagonist, who plays the game Extinctathon with a future graduate of the Watson-Crick Institute. A writer living in this country wrote about the ill-fated love between Katharine Clifton, who is left to die in the Cave of Swimmers, and L\u00c3\u00a1szl\u00c3\u00b3 Alm\u00c3\u00a1sy. Besides Oryx and Crake and The English Patient, this country also produced a novel whose protagonist plays Scrabble with the Commander in the Republic of Gilead. For 10 points, name this home country of the author of The Handmaid's Tale, Margaret Atwood.", "answer": "Canada", "page": "Canada", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 129532, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 124485, "tokenizations": [[0, 218], [219, 374], [375, 536], [537, 629]], "first_sentence": "In a novel from this country, Jimmy's father works at HelthWyzer and marries the lab tech Ramona, who takes care of the protagonist, who plays the game Extinctathon with a future graduate of the Watson-Crick Institute.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem by this author tells its addressee, \"We are on each other's hands who care. Both of our worlds un- handed us,\" and concludes with the request, \"Hover, utter, still, a sourcing whom my lost candle like the firefly loves.\" This poet wrote, \"My daughter's heavier. Light leaves are flying,\" in a poem that follows one about want- ing to dig up the grave of his father, who committed suicide when his son was eleven. Another of his poems begins by declaring, \"Life, friends, is boring.\" This author's collection His Toy, His Dream, His Rest expanded to 385 poems his set of 18-line poems about an alter ego named Henry. For 10 points, name this suicidal Ameri- can poet of Homage to Mistress Bradstreet and The Dream Songs.", "answer": "John Berryman", "page": "John_Berryman", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125791, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127921, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 227], [228, 268], [269, 419], [420, 489], [490, 514], [515, 622], [623, 726]], "first_sentence": "A poem by this author tells its addressee, \"We are on each other's hands who care.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the middle movement of a concerto by this composer, two B-flat clarinets and a B-flat bass clarinet back a solo trumpet. This composer's Short Story was originally meant to be part of a set of pieces later arranged for violin and piano in 1942 by Jascha Heifetz, his Three Preludes. His last concert work was a set of variations for piano and orchestra based on a melody from Girl Crazy. A four note tympani motif opens this man's only piano concerto. Another piece of his was orchestrated by Ferde Grofe from a score originally written for Paul Whiteman's jazz ensemble. For 10 points, name this composer of the Concerto in F who wrote \"I Got Rhythm\" with his lyricist brother Ira, as well as Rhapsody in Blue.", "answer": "George Gershwin", "page": "George_Gershwin", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125790, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127922, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 285], [286, 390], [391, 454], [455, 574], [575, 714]], "first_sentence": "In the middle movement of a concerto by this composer, two B-flat clarinets and a B-flat bass clarinet back a solo trumpet.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This country fervently guarded its supply of Cynomorium, known as its namesake \"fungus,\" by executing trespassers at its \"Fungus Rock\" well into the 19th century. The Cippi of Melqart, which allowed Phoenician to be deciphered, were found in the town of Marsaxlokk in this country. An uninhabited island in this country is where Paul of Tarsus was supposedly shipwrecked. This country's namesake tongue is the only official EU lan- guage from the Semitic family. After this country withstood a World War II siege, George VI awarded it a George Cross. This country contains the city of Birkirkara and had its capital built up by the Hospitallers. For 10 points, name this country whose capital is Valletta, comprising an archipelago south of Sicily.", "answer": "Malta", "page": "Malta", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125789, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127923, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 281], [282, 371], [372, 462], [463, 550], [551, 645], [646, 748]], "first_sentence": "This country fervently guarded its supply of Cynomorium, known as its namesake \"fungus,\" by executing trespassers at its \"Fungus Rock\" well into the 19th century.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Doroshkevich, Longair, and Zel'dovich proposed that sources of this radiation were born at redshifts great- er than two, but decayed over time, explaining the so-called \"evolutionary effect\". Martin Ryle developed aper- ture synthesis to improve measurements of this radiation. Hanbury Brown and Twiss's first application of in- tensity interferometry was to this radiation, which allowed them to measure the angular size of Cygnus A and Cassiopeia A. The progenitor of the field that studies this radiation was Karl Jansky. Because telescopes that detect this form of radiation would be too large to construct, long-ranging systems such as the Very Long Baseline Array are used. For 10 points, name this form of electromagnetic radiation with the longest wave- length.", "answer": "radio waves", "page": "Radio_wave", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125788, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127924, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [192, 277], [278, 328], [329, 451], [452, 524], [525, 679], [680, 769]], "first_sentence": "Doroshkevich, Longair, and Zel'dovich proposed that sources of this radiation were born at redshifts great- er than two, but decayed over time, explaining the so-called \"evolutionary effect\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A value representing this process is in the denominators of both the Sherwood and Schmidt numbers. The kinematic viscosity and a thermal quantity symbolized alpha are analogous to the coefficient of this process in the Chilton-Colburn analogy. When analyzing semiconductors, one commonly derives the drift current and the current named for this phenomenon. This phenomenon couples with convection and advection for bulk mass transport. A law of this phenomenon, which has the error function as its solution, sets the time deriva- tive of concentration equal to a constant times the Laplacian of concentration. For 10 points, name this motion of particles down the concentration gradient that obeys Fick's law.", "answer": "diffusion [or diffusive flux; or diffusivity; or diffusion coefficient]", "page": "Diffusion", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125787, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127925, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 243], [244, 356], [357, 435], [436, 529], [530, 609], [610, 709]], "first_sentence": "A value representing this process is in the denominators of both the Sherwood and Schmidt numbers.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A member of this family described James Fisk and Jay Gould's outwitting of Cornelius Vanderbilt in \"A Chapter of Erie.\" That man served as president of the Union Pacific and was one of the first railroad commis- sioners in the US. A member of this family argued that another country was responsible for damages caused by the CSS Alabama, and he served as Lincoln's foreign minister in Great Britain. Charles Francis Sr. and Jr. were the father and brother of a historian who compared the effect electric motors had on him to the effect the Virgin Mary had on medieval Christians in his autobiography. That autobiography skips most of the 1870s and 1880s and neglects to mention its author's wife's suicide. For 10 points, name this family whose member Hen- ry wrote memoirs about his Education.", "answer": "Adams family", "page": "Adams_political_family", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125786, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127926, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [118, 230], [231, 399], [400, 419], [420, 510], [511, 600], [601, 706], [707, 794]], "first_sentence": "A member of this family described James Fisk and Jay Gould's outwitting of Cornelius Vanderbilt in \"A Chapter of Erie.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man operated a shopfront also known as the Ray Gun Manufacturing Company, and exhibited his sculptures and found objects in the Mouse Museum. This man made a weathering steel sculpture for the en- trance to SEPTA's City Hall Station which embedded the number \"76\" into a silvery spring. For the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, he designed a piece with his partner Coosje van Bruggen which spans a linden seed- shaped pond. Another piece of his, which was created with cardboard ice-cream cartons, is topped with a foam slice of pickle. For 10 points, name this creator of Philadelphia's Clothespin and Spoonbridge and Cherry whose giant versions of everyday objects such as Floor Burger come in hard and soft varieties.", "answer": "Claes Oldenburg", "page": "Claes_Oldenburg", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125785, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127927, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 291], [292, 429], [430, 542], [543, 726]], "first_sentence": "This man operated a shopfront also known as the Ray Gun Manufacturing Company, and exhibited his sculptures and found objects in the Mouse Museum.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this place is thought to have been fed sweets instead of fish after he throws up a piece of felt. After eating warm rice pudding for six hours, a character in this place begins spitting it into a pit instead. A tea-house in this place houses the grave of \"the old Commandant,\" whose gravestone claims that he will rise again and reconquer this place. A resident of this place violates the law of \"honor thy superiors\" by falling asleep on a job where he is supposed to salute his captain's door each hour. In this place, a voyager is shown a machine consisting of the designer, the bed, and the harrow, which the officer tries to use to write the words \"BE JUST\" on his own body. For 10 points, name this prison, the setting of a story by Kafka", "answer": "the Penal Colony [or the Penal Settlement; or der Strafkolonie; prompt on synonyms like the pri- son]", "page": "In_the_Penal_Colony", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125784, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127928, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 223], [224, 365], [366, 520], [521, 694], [695, 759]], "first_sentence": "A character in this place is thought to have been fed sweets instead of fish after he throws up a piece of felt.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Chapter 28 of this book says that although gold and silver have been uncovered in deep mines, men do not know where to find wisdom or how to value it. At its end, three men are told to sacrifice seven bulls and seven rams and ask another person to pray for them. Handel's \"I Know that My Redeemer Liveth\" takes some of its verses from a speech in this book delivered in response to Bildad. A man in this book says \"I recant, and repent in dust and ashes\" after God gives two speeches illustrating his immense power. Bildad and two others offer unhelpful explanations of their friend's misfortune, which starts when God wagers with the Adversary that this book's title man will remain faithful even after losing everything. For 10 points, name this book of the Old Testament.", "answer": "Book of Job", "page": "Book_of_Job", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125782, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127930, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 262], [263, 271], [272, 389], [390, 515], [516, 722], [723, 774]], "first_sentence": "Chapter 28 of this book says that although gold and silver have been uncovered in deep mines, men do not know where to find wisdom or how to value it.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A regular feature of this publication was \"The Easy Chair,\" a column penned by George William Curtis. From 1901 to 1913, it was run by George Harvey, who eventually started another publication to attack former ally Woodrow Wilson. This publication produced the article \"A Typical Negro,\" which included a shocking im- age of Gordon, a slave with a viciously scarred back. That article ran in 1863, a period when this publication was the most widely read journal in the country. It frequently printed the works of a man who depicted Tam- many Hall as a tiger and Boss Tweed as a corpulent vulture. For 10 points, name this New York based maga- zine that employed cartoonist Thomas Nast.", "answer": "Harper's Weekly [prompt on A Journal of Civilization; do not accept \"Harper's Magazine\"; do not accept \"Harper's Monthly\"; do not accept \"Harper's Bazaar\"]", "page": "Harper's_Weekly", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125781, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127931, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 230], [231, 371], [372, 477], [478, 596], [597, 685]], "first_sentence": "A regular feature of this publication was \"The Easy Chair,\" a column penned by George William Curtis.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Mva1 will induce this process even in Dam and Dcm-positive cells. This procedure is prevented from occur- ring at specific sites during footprinting assays. TALENs perform this process, and Cas9 catalyzes it during CRISPR. Nonspecificity in this procedure is called star activity. This procedure is done within a polylinker in the first step of molecular cloning. Proteins responsible for it may be isocaudomers or isoschizomers. The re- sults of this procedure are assessed with RFLP analysis. Immediately after it is done, an alkaline phosphatase can be added to prevent recircularization. HinD3 and EcoR1 carry out this process. It makes blunt ends or sticky ends for further ligation. For 10 points, name this process which is carried out by restriction endonucle- ases.", "answer": "DNA restriction digest [or word forms; or DNA cleavage; or double-strand breaks; or DSBs; prompt on editing until it is read]", "page": "DNA_repair", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125780, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127932, "tokenizations": [[0, 65], [66, 156], [157, 222], [223, 280], [281, 363], [364, 429], [430, 494], [495, 591], [592, 631], [632, 688], [689, 774]], "first_sentence": "Mva1 will induce this process even in Dam and Dcm-positive cells.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poem's speaker recalls his eye being \"fixed with mock study on [his] swimming book.\" The speaker of this poem tells its addressee that he \"shalt wander like a breeze by lakes and sandy shore, beneath the crags of ancient mountains, and beneath the clouds.\" This poem invokes a \"great universal Teacher\" who \"shall mould thy spirit, and by giving make it ask.\" At the beginning of this poem, the speaker is startled by an owlet's re- peated cry as he watches his infant son Hartley sleep. This poem's title phenomenon \"performs its secret min- istry, unhelped by any wind,\" and hangs up the eave-drops \"in silent icicles.\" For 10 points, name this conversa- tion poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.", "answer": "\"Frost at Midnight\"", "page": "Frost_at_Midnight", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125779, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127933, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [88, 260], [260, 364], [365, 492], [493, 625], [625, 699]], "first_sentence": "This poem's speaker recalls his eye being \"fixed with mock study on [his] swimming book.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This politician declared that, of the three men who understood the Schleswig-Holstein question, he was the one who had \"forgotten all about it\". This politician's first government was dissolved after Felice Orsini at- tempted to assassinate Napoleon III. This man argued that an English citizen overseas should \"feel confident that the watchful eye and strong arm of England will protect him against injustice and wrong\" after an anti- Semitic mob attacked a British citizen from Gibraltar. This Prime Minister delivered the \"Civis Romanus Sum\" speech during the Don Pacifico Affair, and he helped to ease tensions from the Trent affair. For 10 points, name this man who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain during the American Civil War.", "answer": "Lord Palmerston [or Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston]", "page": "Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125778, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127934, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 254], [255, 490], [491, 637], [638, 743]], "first_sentence": "This politician declared that, of the three men who understood the Schleswig-Holstein question, he was the one who had \"forgotten all about it\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to a contemporary commentator, this geopolitical power benefited from the high-handedness and foreign customs of a major rival leader, Pausanias. Its gains after victories at Tanagra and Oenophyta were reversed after its defeat at the Battle of Coronea. After a dispute over gold mines, this association's lead- ership forced Thasos to demolish its walls and pay tribute. Ten hellenotamiai controlled this organization's treasury, which was stored in a temple. After the Spartan victory at Aegospotami, this alliance was disbanded. For 10 points, name this association of ancient Greek states that came to be dominated by Athens, and which was named for an island sacred to Apollo.", "answer": "Delian League [prompt on Athens; prompt on Athenian Empire]", "page": "Delian_League", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125777, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127935, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 263], [264, 381], [382, 470], [471, 541], [542, 691]], "first_sentence": "According to a contemporary commentator, this geopolitical power benefited from the high-handedness and foreign customs of a major rival leader, Pausanias.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Direct Analysis in Real Time performs this process on an analyte molecule. An external DC electric field may distort the Coulomb potential barrier enough to allow the \"tunnel\" form of this phenomenon to occur. This process occurs in a cascade fashion in the Townsend avalanche, whose rate can be calculated with a Faraday cup. In one technique, the sample undergoes this process following desorption by an ultraviolet laser and em- bedding in a crystallized matrix. \"Soft\" types of this process include aerosolizing the sample, called \"elec- trospray,\" as well as MALDI, and both techniques fragment the sample in preparation for mass spectrometry. For 10 points, name this process in which a molecule or atom is charged to yield a cation or anion.", "answer": "ionization [or tunnel ionization; or electrospray ionization; or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization; or creating ions; or obvious equivalents; prompt on MALDI; prompt on creating either positive or negatively charged molecules] ", "page": "Ionization", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125776, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127936, "tokenizations": [[0, 74], [75, 209], [210, 326], [327, 465], [466, 467], [467, 648], [649, 748]], "first_sentence": "Direct Analysis in Real Time performs this process on an analyte molecule.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a study this psychologist conducted at the Westgate apartment complex, he found that \"propinquity\" was a significant predictor of whether people would form romantic attachments. This psychologist theorized that people assess their own abilities with reference to people they perceive as their peers in those abilities in his \"social comparison theory.\" In an experiment this psychologist conducted with Carlsmith, participants who turned pegs around for an hour were more likely to say it was fun if they were paid $1 than if they were paid $20. That experiment tested a theory he developed while studying an apocalyptic cult, as related in the book When Prophecy Fails. For 10 points, name this psychologist who proposed that people seek to reduce the strain of holding conflicting opinions with his theory of cognitive dissonance.", "answer": "Leon Festinger", "page": "Leon_Festinger", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125775, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127937, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 354], [354, 548], [549, 673], [674, 835]], "first_sentence": "In a study this psychologist conducted at the Westgate apartment complex, he found that \"propinquity\" was a significant predictor of whether people would form romantic attachments.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This deity hides from the rest of the gods by taking shelter in a house with four doors, one in each cardinal direction. He spends three months imprisoned in a chest in the court of the king Geirrod. This god fills an ot- ter skin with red gold as ransom for his accidental murder of the dwarf Otter. He has his lips sewn shut after he transforms into a fly and repeatedly bites the sons of Ivaldi. As punishment for crashing Aegir's feast and insulting all of the guests, this god is bound to a rock with poison dripping onto him. This god disguises him- self as the giantess Thokk and refuses to cry for the late Balder, whose death this god engineers by coercing Hoder into throwing a mistletoe spear. For 10 points, name this Norse trickster god", "answer": "Loki [or Loki Laufeyarson; or Loptr]", "page": "Loki", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125774, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127938, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 199], [200, 300], [301, 398], [399, 531], [532, 704], [705, 749]], "first_sentence": "This deity hides from the rest of the gods by taking shelter in a house with four doors, one in each cardinal direction.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A painting in this style, which controversially depicted Charles V entering Antwerp surrounded by nudes, was made by Austrian artist Hans Makart. A painter in this style depicted rows or red-robed men watching a woman being stripped in his Phryne Before the Areopagus, and popularized the \"thumbs down\" gesture with his painting Pollice Verso. This was the preferred style of the jury whose rejections at the 1863 Salon prompted the Salon des Refuses. A pair of artists of this style depicted putti riding dolphins and a nude woman riding a wave crest in their renditions of The Birth of Venus. For 10 points, name this style cultivated by Jean-Leon Gerome, Alexandre Cabanel, and William-Adolphe Bouguereau, who were influenced by formal schools of art.", "answer": "academic art [or academicism]", "page": "Academic_art", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125773, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127939, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 343], [344, 451], [452, 594], [595, 754]], "first_sentence": "A painting in this style, which controversially depicted Charles V entering Antwerp surrounded by nudes, was made by Austrian artist Hans Makart.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A room in this story is described as smelling like licorice, a pun on the description of a woman's eye as \"lik- erous.\" The opening of this story describes a \"rich gnof\" who dwells at Oxenford. In this story, a man beseeches St. Frideswide after becoming convinced that his lodger has gone mad studying astrology. The desperate cry of \"Water!\" prompts John to cut several ropes and tumble down in a bathtub at the end of this story. In this story, the duping of the church clerk is revenged after he procures a hot blade from the smith. This story is fol- lowed by a story told by Oswald the Reeve. In this story, Nicholas's bottom is branded after he farts in the face of Absolon. For 10 points, name this bawdy second Canterbury Tale.", "answer": "\"The Miller's Tale\"", "page": "The_Miller's_Tale", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125772, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127940, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [118, 193], [194, 313], [314, 432], [433, 536], [537, 598], [599, 681], [682, 736]], "first_sentence": "A room in this story is described as smelling like licorice, a pun on the description of a woman's eye as \"lik- erous.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This philosopher wrote of a vision in which a garment had a \"pi\" embroidered at its bottom edge and \"theta\" at the top, with a staircase connecting the two. A Christian legend, which held that this man married the hym- nist Helpes, was disputed by Edward Gibbon, who also challenged the authenticity of this man's autobiog- raphy, De Disciplina Scolarium. This man outlines a proof of God based on the standard of perfect happiness in a book that begins with the muses being interrupted by the title allegorical lady. He died in the midst of a pro- ject to translate all of Plato and Aristotle into Latin, shortly before his patron Symmachus was also executed. For 10 points, name this philosopher who was killed at the order of Theodoric after writing The Consolation of Philosophy.", "answer": "Boethius [or Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius]", "page": "Boethius", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125771, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127941, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 355], [356, 517], [518, 660], [661, 783]], "first_sentence": "This philosopher wrote of a vision in which a garment had a \"pi\" embroidered at its bottom edge and \"theta\" at the top, with a staircase connecting the two.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This region's \"Lyceum\" considered literary and political matters, including a proposal by John McLoughlin that this land declare itself independent. James Sinclair led an expedition to settle this area on the orders of George Simpson. Later visitors to this region bypassed a river route to their destination by travelling via the Barlow Road. Wilhelm I's decision that the Haro Strait was the true international boundary through this region ended a conflict that began when Lyman Cutlar defended his potatoes by shooting his neighbor's pig. The slogan \"Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!\" refers to the border preferred by American interests in this region. For 10 points, name this region and later U.S. territory whose namesake state has its capital at Portland.", "answer": "Oregon [or the Oregon Country; or Oregon Territory; or Columbia District]", "page": "Oregon", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125770, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127942, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 234], [235, 343], [344, 351], [352, 541], [542, 650], [651, 757]], "first_sentence": "This region's \"Lyceum\" considered literary and political matters, including a proposal by John McLoughlin that this land declare itself independent.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of these artworks depicts a wrought iron rail perched atop a mound beneath a blue sky emitting yellow light. The bottom of one of these artworks is dominated by a dark sloping shape, from which a dog's head barely peeks out. Photographs taken by Jean Laurent made it possible to transfer these badly-damaged artworks to canvas under the direction of Salvador Cubells. One of these paintings depicts two men, knee deep in mud, engaging in a Fight with Cudgels. These fourteen artworks, which were originally painted on the walls of the Deaf Man's Villa, or Quinta del Sordo, include a gruesome depiction of Saturn Devouring His Son. For 10 points, name these horrific images painted by Francisco Goya.", "answer": "Black Paintings [or Pinturas Negras]", "page": "Black_Paintings", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125769, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127943, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 228], [229, 371], [372, 463], [464, 635], [636, 704]], "first_sentence": "One of these artworks depicts a wrought iron rail perched atop a mound beneath a blue sky emitting yellow light.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "mole percent of this compound mixed with acetone makes a classic maximum-boiling azeotrope. Alpha elimination of this compound results in a carbene that inserts into double bonds to give vicinal dihalides. This molecule's signal in carbon-13 NMR is a triplet at 77.2 ppm, while in proton NMR, its singlet appears slightly downfield from benzene at 7.26 ppm. Either an acidic or basic mixture of isoamyl alcohol, phenol and this compound is used to extract nucleic acids from DNA or RNA. Atmospheric oxygen will oxidize this molecule to phosgene. Chlorinating this compound forms carbon tetrachloride. For 10 points, name this compound with formula CHCl3, which is a 19th century anaesthetic.", "answer": "chloroform [or trichloromethane; or CHCl3 until it is read]", "page": "Chloroform", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125768, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127944, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 205], [206, 357], [358, 486], [487, 545], [546, 600], [601, 691]], "first_sentence": "mole percent of this compound mixed with acetone makes a classic maximum-boiling azeotrope.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel explains that if she heard the phrase \"speeding bullet,\" she would duck for cover. Another character in this novel plans to break the world record for longest time spent in a cage of venomous snakes. This novel's protagonist argues with his son over the metaphysics of whether it is raining. In this novel, Murray Jay Siskind hopes to create a course on Elvis at the College-on-the-Hill. In this novel, the experimental drug Dylar reveals an affair between Willie Mink and the protagonist's fourth wife, Babette. A derailed train in this novel releases a black cloud of Nyodene D into the air, an event known as \"The Airborne Toxic Event.\" For 10 points, name this novel about Jack Gladney, written by Don DeLillo.", "answer": "White Noise", "page": "White_Noise_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125767, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127945, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 225], [226, 317], [318, 413], [414, 538], [539, 664], [664, 740]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel explains that if she heard the phrase \"speeding bullet,\" she would duck for cover.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The remains of one participant in this engagement were sold at auction and used to create a namesake watermill in the village of Wickham. In 1820, the losing commander fought a duel over his performance during this incident, a duel which ended with the fatal shooting of Stephen Decatur. This battle was very short in duration, as the earlier failure to keep their decks clear hindered one side's attempts at returning fire. This event resulted in the execution of Jenkin Ratford, while the other persons arrested during this event were eventually returned to the United States. This event was a direct cause of the Embargo Act of 1807. For 10 points, name this event in which a British naval vessel fired upon and boarded an American naval vessel in search of British deserters.", "answer": "Chesapeake-Leopard Affair [or obvious equivalents]", "page": "Chesapeake\u2013Leopard_affair", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125766, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127946, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 287], [288, 424], [425, 578], [579, 636], [637, 779]], "first_sentence": "The remains of one participant in this engagement were sold at auction and used to create a namesake watermill in the village of Wickham.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel hears that his enemy is getting married in a chapel and runs to kill that enemy's bride, only to find that he has killed his own daughter. In this novel, a herald announces the entrance of a knight whose name refers to an item that requires one hundred men to carry it. The Marquis of Vincenza breaks off an engagement after meeting a skeleton in peasant clothing in this novel, in which blood ominously falls from a statue's nose. At the end of this novel, Father Jerome is revealed to be the father of Theodore by the gigantic apparition of Prince Alonso the Great, whose helmet had fallen from the sky and killed Conrad. For 10 points, name this novel by Horace Walpole, often considered the first Gothic novel.", "answer": "The Castle of Otranto", "page": "The_Castle_of_Otranto", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125765, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127947, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 295], [296, 457], [458, 649], [650, 740]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel hears that his enemy is getting married in a chapel and runs to kill that enemy's bride, only to find that he has killed his own daughter.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This person makes use of a flower that bloomed when Prometheus's ichor spilled onto the ground. Hera fills this person's mind with a sudden great fear of Hades and with visions of life's pleasures in order to stop this person from poisoning herself. This woman quickly enters a marriage to gain protection from Alcinous, shortly after being purified by her aunt Circe. This sister of Chalciope kills the bronze giant Talos and dismembers her brother Absyrtus, soon after helping another hero to yoke fire-breathing oxen, defeat warriors borne of dragon's teeth, and slay a dragon guarding the Golden Fleece. For 10 points, name this sorceress from Colchis and lover of Jason.", "answer": "Medea", "page": "Medea", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125764, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127948, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 249], [250, 368], [369, 607], [608, 675]], "first_sentence": "This person makes use of a flower that bloomed when Prometheus's ichor spilled onto the ground.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man did not write the book In the Belly of the Beast, but letters addressed to him make up that text. He claimed that a certain race of people had been \"living on the margin between totalitarianism and democracy for two centuries.\" This author wrote a book which was split into two parts: t\"history as a novel\" and \"the novel as history.\" He wrote an essay about mainstream hipsters appropriating black culture titled \"The White Negro.\" This author wrote a \"novelized\" account of the 1967 March on the Pentagon and a Pulitzer winning account of Utah administering the death penalty to killer Gary Gilmore. For 10 points, name this author of Armies of the Night and The Executioner's Song.", "answer": "Norman Mailer ", "page": "Norman_Mailer", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125763, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127949, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 235], [235, 343], [344, 441], [442, 610], [611, 693]], "first_sentence": "This man did not write the book In the Belly of the Beast, but letters addressed to him make up that text.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This was the alphabetically prior of two allied countries whose victory at Zusmarshausen ended a long- running conflict. This country was the westernmost signatory of a treaty in which it agreed to make regular payments to fund another country's army. The army of this western signatory of the Treaty of Barwalde defeated another country's tight-knit tercio formations at the battle of Rocroi with the aid of the duke of Enghien. Its alliance with a Lutheran kingdom across religious lines began the final phase of the Thirty Years' War. For 10 points, name this countries which allied with Axel Oxenstierna's Sweden under its chief minister, Cardinal Richilieu.", "answer": "France", "page": "France", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125762, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127950, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 251], [252, 429], [430, 537], [538, 662]], "first_sentence": "This was the alphabetically prior of two allied countries whose victory at Zusmarshausen ended a long- running conflict.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the second act of a ballet by this composer, characters dance both a passepied and a bourre\u0301e, after which two sisters ineptly dance variations, all bookended by two \"Dance of the Courtiers.\" In that ballet, a prince's wanderings are depicted with a \"Temptation\" and an \"Orientalia\" interspersed between three galops. An E major \"Amoroso\" ends this composer's ballet featuring a second-act ball that includes both a \"Waltz-Coda\" and a \"Grand Waltz.\" This composer reused the gavotte from his first symphony in a ballet whose \"Dance of the Knights\" section is more commonly called \"Montagues and Capulets.\" For 10 points, name this composer of the ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet and the children's piece Peter and the Wolf.", "answer": "Sergei Prokofiev [or Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev]", "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125760, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127952, "tokenizations": [[0, 193], [193, 320], [321, 451], [451, 608], [609, 734]], "first_sentence": "In the second act of a ballet by this composer, characters dance both a passepied and a bourre\u0301e, after which two sisters ineptly dance variations, all bookended by two \"Dance of the Courtiers.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This state controls Dirk Hartog Island, which was named for an explorer who visited it in 1616 and left behind an inscribed dinner plate. A location in this state was ironically nicknamed \"North Pole\" and is home to stromatolites that may be 3.5 billion years old. The residents of this state's capital lit up their streetlights specifically for John Glenn's space flybys. This state still benefits from the Super Pit gold mine in Kalgoorlie. This state's primary river is named for the many black swans that inhabit its shores. This state, home to Shark Bay, shares the Nullarbor Plain with its eastern neighbor, which is home to Adelaide. For 10 points, name this largest Australian state by area, whose capital is Perth.", "answer": "Western Australia", "page": "Western_Australia", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125759, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127953, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 264], [265, 372], [373, 442], [443, 528], [529, 640], [641, 723]], "first_sentence": "This state controls Dirk Hartog Island, which was named for an explorer who visited it in 1616 and left behind an inscribed dinner plate.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This writer relates how a tyrant named Archias deferred opening a letter detailing a plot to kill him by saying, \"Tomorrow is a new day,\" in an argument in favor of curiosity. Quotations like, \"To every opinion an opinion of equal weight is opposed\" are inscribed on the beams of a tower in which this man wrote. This man's father Pierre Eyquem tasked him with translating a Catalan monk's Natural Theology. This man wrote such lines as, \"I have never seen a greater monster or miracle in the world than myself,\" and, \"What do I know?\" That motto is in \"The Apology for Raymond Sebond,\" which was one of this man's \"attempts\" that popularized an argumentative genre of writing. For 10 points, name this sixteenth-century French author of the Essays.", "answer": "Michel de Montaigne", "page": "Michel_de_Montaigne", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125758, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127954, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 312], [313, 407], [408, 535], [536, 677], [678, 749]], "first_sentence": "This writer relates how a tyrant named Archias deferred opening a letter detailing a plot to kill him by saying, \"Tomorrow is a new day,\" in an argument in favor of curiosity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In urging for greater alarm about this event, Roger Mattson used the phrase \"horse race\" and argued his theory of an explosion with Victor Stello. This event resulted in the mass cancellation of orders of a device made by Babcock and Wilcox, a company strongly criticized by Dartmouth's President John Kemeny afterwards. Governor Dick Thornburgh ordered that pregnant woman and preschoolers maintain a five mile radius from this event. Caused by a stuck open relief valve, it resulted in the partial contamination of the Susquehanna River. For 10 points, name this partial nuclear meltdown that occurred in 1979 in Pennsylvania.", "answer": "Three Mile Island accident", "page": "Three_Mile_Island_accident", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125757, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127955, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 320], [321, 435], [436, 539], [540, 628]], "first_sentence": "In urging for greater alarm about this event, Roger Mattson used the phrase \"horse race\" and argued his theory of an explosion with Victor Stello.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A woman born in this kingdom ruled as the \"Lady\" of another kingdom after her husband's death at the Battle of Tettenhall. In this kingdom, the worth of oaths given in court was measured in hides via Ine's Law Code. A biography by Bishop Asser relates how a ruler of this kingdom once rallied troops at Egbert's Stone. Canut granted Godwin, Harold Godwinson's father, an earldom that shares its name with this kingdom. A ruler of this kingdom established fortified settlements called \"burhs,\" signed the Treaty of Wedmore with Guthrum after winning the Battle of Edington, and once supposedly let the griddle-cakes of a peasant woman burn while in hiding. For 10 points, name this Anglo-Saxon kingdom ruled by Alfred the Great.", "answer": "Wessex", "page": "Wessex", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125756, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127956, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 215], [216, 318], [319, 418], [419, 655], [656, 727]], "first_sentence": "A woman born in this kingdom ruled as the \"Lady\" of another kingdom after her husband's death at the Battle of Tettenhall.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An E-flat piece scored for a precursor to this instrument as well as violin and piano was written by Brahms to commemorate the death of his mother. A virtuoso of this instrument, Dennis Brain, premiered a song cycle whose \"Elegy\" is a setting of \"The Sick Rose.\" It titles a Serenade by Benjamin Britten along with tenor and strings. This instrument comes in a \"double\" version whose second set of tubing is used for high notes. Along with the clarinet, it represents the title trickster in Richard Strauss's Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks. Mozart composed four concerti for this instrument, whose pitch can be lowered through hand-stopping. For 10 points, name this valved brass instrument tuned in F, which isn't really French.", "answer": "French horn [accept natural horn; do not accept or prompt on \"English horn\"]", "page": "French_horn", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125755, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127957, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 261], [261, 333], [334, 428], [429, 542], [543, 643], [644, 731]], "first_sentence": "An E-flat piece scored for a precursor to this instrument as well as violin and piano was written by Brahms to commemorate the death of his mother.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a novel by this author, followers of a tycoon known as \"Lord Maitreya\" try to resurrect a woman using \"bioinductance\" in a town whose pastor, Jon, has stopped burying the dead. A novel by this author features a manuscript collector who loses his books to a fire in Copenhagen, and opens with a cord-thief being whipped for insulting the hangman sent to destroy the title object. One of this author's protagonists returns home to find that his wife Rosa has died in childbirth and that their dog has kept the newborn infant alive. This author of a novel titled for the \"Bell\" of his home country wrote a novel set at Summerhouses, the home of the stubborn farmer Bjartur. For 10 points, name this author of Under the Glacier and Independent People, a Nobel laureate from Iceland.", "answer": "Halldor Laxness", "page": "Halld\u00f3r_Laxness", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125754, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127958, "tokenizations": [[0, 179], [180, 381], [382, 532], [533, 673], [674, 781]], "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, followers of a tycoon known as \"Lord Maitreya\" try to resurrect a woman using \"bioinductance\" in a town whose pastor, Jon, has stopped burying the dead.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This philosophical work's author quotes Ovid's line \"The better path I gaze at and approve, the worse - I follow\" to illustrate how men are moved more by opinion than reason. This book advises avoiding the Christian virtue of humility because it produces impotence and sorrow. Its second book opens by distinguishing ideas from adequate ideas, and posits that all material things have a parallel idea. This book, whose structure was modeled on Euclid's Elements, defines \"freedom\" as an existence from the necessity of one's own nature, a state only achievable by God, who is equated with substance. Its third book concerns the origin of human emotions, while its fourth book is on human bondage. For 10 points, name this book by Baruch Spinoza.", "answer": "Ethics [Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order] [or Ethica, ordine geometrico demonstrata]", "page": "Ethics_(Spinoza)", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125753, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127959, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 276], [277, 401], [402, 599], [600, 696], [697, 745]], "first_sentence": "This philosophical work's author quotes Ovid's line \"The better path I gaze at and approve, the worse - I follow\" to illustrate how men are moved more by opinion than reason.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These things are evaluated during beta reduction. Each instance of currying reduces the number of these things by one. Matching these things unusually occurs by name, not order, in languages like Ada. The number of these things corresponds to the dimension of the arity. Two common ways to \"pass\" these things is by value and by reference. They must differ between two overloaded functions. Conventionally, after being passed from the command line, these things are parsed using the argc and argv variables. In most languages, they're declared inside parentheses in a function definition. For 10 points, name these variables that are used to input data to subroutines.", "answer": "function arguments [or formal parameters; or actual parameters; or args until \"argc\" is read; or other combinations of required and non-required parts; prompt on variables or inputs] ", "page": "Parameter", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125752, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127960, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 200], [201, 270], [271, 339], [340, 390], [391, 507], [508, 588], [589, 668]], "first_sentence": "These things are evaluated during beta reduction. Each instance of currying reduces the number of these things by one.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After somebody dies in Zoroastrianism, one of these creatures is fed three times a day for three days and takes part in the sag did ritual, where they repel the Nasus spirits around the dead. In the Middle Ages, one of these animals was worshiped in the Dombes region of France as a healer of sick children, Saint Guignefort. In the Islamic story of the Cave of the Seven Sleepers, one of these animals stands guard in front of the cave while the saints sleep for hundreds of years. Travelers along the Silk Road told of a race of men with the heads of these animals in the east called the Cynocephali. For 10 points, name these animals, who in several Indo- European traditions guard the entrance to the Milky Way as the constellations Canis Minor and Canis Major.", "answer": "dogs", "page": "Dog", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125751, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127961, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [192, 325], [326, 482], [483, 602], [603, 765]], "first_sentence": "After somebody dies in Zoroastrianism, one of these creatures is fed three times a day for three days and takes part in the sag did ritual, where they repel the Nasus spirits around the dead.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This process produces a class of butenolides called karrikins, which bind to KAI2 receptors on seeds. Banksia plants have serotinous follicles and lignotubers that facilitate resprouting in response to this stimulus. Smudge pots use this process to protect fruit orchards from frost. This phenomenon is promoted by eucalypts, which have epicormic buds and insulated seed capsules. This phenomenon occurs in surface and crown types and is common in a namesake regime that is supported by plants such as ponderosa pine, which have resin- sealed cones and sparse lower branches. It can increase soil nutrition by producing an ash bed. For 10 points, name this destructive phenomenon that clears out dry underbrush and is often caused by lightning.", "answer": "wildfire [or brushfire; or forest fire; or burning; or obvious equivalents; prompt on heat and smoke]", "page": "Wildfire", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125750, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127962, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 216], [217, 283], [284, 380], [381, 575], [576, 631], [632, 744]], "first_sentence": "This process produces a class of butenolides called karrikins, which bind to KAI2 receptors on seeds.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The wall of this structure is produced from cells lining the perioplic and coronary grooves. The pastern is found between the fetlock and this structure encasing the coffin bone, and a wedge-shaped glandular region between the bars called the frog helps to spread two other components when it is loaded. Excessive drying or injury to the coronet may lead to heel crack in this structure. A stone bruise on the sole of this structure can cause lameness. In Artiodactyla, two smaller types of this structure called dew claws usually appear along with its cloven form. In some odd-toed ungulates it is cared for by farriers. For 10 points, name this thick, keratinous covering on the toes of animals such as horses.", "answer": "hoof [prompt on feet, claws, and nails; prompt on toe until it is read] ", "page": "Hoof", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125749, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127963, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 303], [304, 387], [388, 452], [453, 565], [566, 621], [622, 712]], "first_sentence": "The wall of this structure is produced from cells lining the perioplic and coronary grooves.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This product was given to a condemned criminal to see how quickly it would kill him in an experiment ordered by Gustav III of Sweden. Rising prices for this product sparked a namesake 1976 \"crisis\" in East Germany. This product was the primary export of a place which set quotas for it via the Preanger (pray-AHN- gair) System and the Cultivation System. Oligarchs who produced this product dominated the coronelismo system during the tenure of Washington Luis, and that period named for this product and \"milk\" was ended by the coup of Getulio Vargas. The goatherd Kaldi apparently discovered this product in Ethiopia, its country of origin. For 10 points, name this product harvested on the island of Java.", "answer": "coffee beans [or coffea]", "page": "Coffee_bean", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125748, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127964, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 214], [215, 354], [355, 552], [553, 642], [643, 708]], "first_sentence": "This product was given to a condemned criminal to see how quickly it would kill him in an experiment ordered by Gustav III of Sweden.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The aorta often features a cluster of cells normally found in this structure called the organ of Zuckerkandl. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase catalyzes methylation of a hormone released by this structure derived from dopamine. Simple virilizing and salt-wasting forms of a hyperplasia of this gland result from deficient 21-hydroxylase activity in its zona fasciculata. Pheochromocytomas originate from this structure's chromaffin cells. The outermost portion of this structure produces mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. Its medulla secretes catecholamines, and ACTH triggers its cortex to produce cortisol. For 10 points, name this gland that produces epinephrine and is found on top of the kidney.", "answer": "adrenal glands", "page": "Adrenal_gland", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125747, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127965, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 233], [234, 376], [377, 444], [445, 533], [534, 620], [621, 712]], "first_sentence": "The aorta often features a cluster of cells normally found in this structure called the organ of Zuckerkandl.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "As a young boy, the main character of this novel is fond of a chestnut tree planted by his mother after he was born and enjoys visiting the observatory of an astrology-obsessed priest. In this novel, a woman uses large letters written on the pages of a book to communicate with the protagonist while standing at the window of an aviary. In this novel, a man escapes from his prison in the Farnese tower with the help of three ropes sent by his aunt, the lover of Count Mosca. The protagonist of this novel rides with Marshal Ney's hussars while participating in the Battle of Waterloo. This novel's protagonist pursues a romance with Clelia Conti but eventually retires to the title monastery. For 10 points, name this novel about Fabrizio del Dongo, a work of Stendhal.", "answer": "The Charterhouse of Parma [or La Chartreuse de Parme] ", "page": "The_Charterhouse_of_Parma", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125746, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127966, "tokenizations": [[0, 184], [185, 336], [337, 475], [476, 585], [586, 693], [694, 770]], "first_sentence": "As a young boy, the main character of this novel is fond of a chestnut tree planted by his mother after he was born and enjoys visiting the observatory of an astrology-obsessed priest.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The death of this group is foreshadowed when the room they are dining in appears to be soaked in blood. A fight nearly breaks out when one of its members angrily throws a footstool that knocks a cupbearer to the ground. This group urges an old man to fight the drunken beggar Irus. A youth sailing home from Sparta is informed by Athena that some of their members are waiting to ambush him. Antinous and Eurymachus are the leaders of this group, whose efforts are thwarted by a burial shroud that is unsewn each night. Members of this group lose an archery contest to a man that shoots an arrow through twelve axeheads; afterwards, they are killed by that man and his son, Telemachus. For 10 points, name these men who try to marry Odysseus's wife.", "answer": "suitors of Penelope [or the Proci]", "page": "Suitors_of_Penelope", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125745, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127967, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 219], [220, 281], [282, 390], [391, 518], [519, 684], [685, 748]], "first_sentence": "The death of this group is foreshadowed when the room they are dining in appears to be soaked in blood.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "For a brief period at this location, an attractive former cheerleader named Susie Phillips would greet visitors as they arrived. Skeptic Brian Dunning has written about employees here were \"often friendly\" and performed favors for people. A group of people at this location temporarily revolted by refusing to wear stocking caps. While working here, David Eshelman attempted to impersonate actor Strother Martin from the film Cool Hand Luke. The leader of this place would compare it to a foreign location in his book The Lucifer Effect. Christina Maslach questioned the conditions of this location, where people were apparently abused by men like \"John Wayne\" and other people playing guards. For 10 points, name this location where Philip Zimbardo conducted a 1971 experiment to study the effects of imprisonment.", "answer": "The Stanford prison [or Jordan Hall; accept answers mentioning Stanford University and prison; accept obvious synonyms for \"prison\"]", "page": "Stanford_prison_experiment", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125744, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127968, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 238], [239, 329], [330, 441], [442, 537], [538, 693], [694, 815]], "first_sentence": "For a brief period at this location, an attractive former cheerleader named Susie Phillips would greet visitors as they arrived.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man employed Bella de Costa Greene to create a massive personal library, where he once locked his colleagues until 5:00 AM to force a deal during a crisis that prompted the Aldrich-Vreeland Act. George Cortelyou was forced to rely on this man to that incident, which was triggered by the Hepburn Act and F. Augustus Heinze's failed bid to corner the copper market. This man died shortly after testifying before the Pujo Committee, and he organized banker intervention to end the Panic of 1907. For 10 points, name this financial magnate who oversaw the creation of G.E. and U.S. Steel, and whose namesake company later merged with Chase Manhattan Bank.", "answer": "John Pierpont Morgan", "page": "J._P._Morgan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125743, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127969, "tokenizations": [[0, 199], [200, 308], [309, 369], [370, 498], [499, 657]], "first_sentence": "This man employed Bella de Costa Greene to create a massive personal library, where he once locked his colleagues until 5:00 AM to force a deal during a crisis that prompted the Aldrich-Vreeland Act.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author taught writing classes at Sing Sing that helped him gather material for a novel about a convict who suffers from methadone withdrawal and has a love affair with another prisoner named Jody. In a story by this author, a housewife hysterically concludes, \"Life is too terrible, too sordid and awful,\" before asking her husband, \"We're happy, aren't we, darling? We are happy, aren't we?\" Aunt Honora, the father Leander, and the bisexual Coverly are members of the title family in this author's first novel. At the end of a story by this author, a man realizes his house is abandoned after traveling home by way of all his neighbors' pools. For 10 points, name this American author of The Wapshot Chronicle, \"The Enormous Radio,\" and \"The Swimmer.\"", "answer": "John Cheever", "page": "John_Cheever", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125742, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127970, "tokenizations": [[0, 201], [202, 371], [372, 397], [398, 517], [518, 650], [651, 758]], "first_sentence": "This author taught writing classes at Sing Sing that helped him gather material for a novel about a convict who suffers from methadone withdrawal and has a love affair with another prisoner named Jody.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Augustine claimed the opposite of this property did not exist in its own right, but only as a lack of this. Immanuel Kant argued there was nothing in the world that had this property intrinsic to it except this type of will. A later thinker argued that previous attempts to define this property as analytically equivalent to another led to tautologies, and thus this property was undefinable. In The Republic Socrates compares the Form of this property to the sun, as it makes it possible for the philosopher to perceive all other Forms. G.E. Moore compared it to the color yellow in Principia Ethica. For 10 points, name this property of things contrasted with evil.", "answer": "goodness", "page": "Good", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125741, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127971, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 224], [225, 392], [393, 537], [538, 601], [602, 667]], "first_sentence": "Augustine claimed the opposite of this property did not exist in its own right, but only as a lack of this.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Self-consistent numerical models of this process were created by Kuang and Bloxham, Kageyama and Sato, and\u00c2\u2014most famously\u00c2\u2014Glatzmaier and Roberts. Many models of this process fail to produce westward drift in the secular variation. The alpha effect's transformation of a toroidal field to a poloidal field is important to understanding this process. Cowling's theorem forbids this process from producing an axisymmetric field. Adjusting the Prandtl number in simulations of it reveals the impact of the Coriolis effect on pole reversals. This self-sustaining process results from convective circulation of liquid iron and nickel by thermal buoyancy, which induces an electrical current. For 10 points, identify this process in the Earth's outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field.", "answer": "core dynamo [or geodynamo; prompt on core convection or the process that creates the planetary magnetic fields or obvious equivalents of that set] ", "page": "Dynamo_theory", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125740, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127972, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [108, 146], [147, 231], [232, 349], [350, 426], [427, 537], [538, 686], [687, 792]], "first_sentence": "Self-consistent numerical models of this process were created by Kuang and Bloxham, Kageyama and Sato, and\u00c2\u2014", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This is the highest number in the figured bass abbreviation for a second-inversion dominant seventh chord. To turn a major scale into the corresponding Lydian mode, the scale degree of this number is raised by a semitone. Inverting a perfect fifth produces this interval which, besides the unison, is the smallest perfect interval. The scale degree of this number is the subdominant. It is the number of flats in F minor and the total number of spaces between the lines of a standard music staff. This is the number of beats in a measure of the most common time signature, the number of movements in a standard symphony, and the number of quarter notes in a whole note. For 10 points, give this number of hands that play in a piano duet.", "answer": "four [or fourth; or perfect fourth; or IV]", "page": "4", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125739, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127973, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 221], [222, 331], [332, 383], [384, 496], [497, 669], [670, 737]], "first_sentence": "This is the highest number in the figured bass abbreviation for a second-inversion dominant seventh chord.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man was the second-to-last ruler covered in an 80-book history by Cassius Dio, who lived through this man's reign. A coin minted by this emperor shows a chariot carrying a sacred black stone away from Emesa in Syria, this man's childhood home. This man, who was made emperor by his grandmother Julia Maesa at age fourteen, allegedly married a Vestal Virgin and gained a reputation for extremely decadent acts before his murder and replacement by Alexander Severus four years later. This man took a name from the non-Christian singular deity he forced Romans to worship instead of Jupiter. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor from 218 to 222 CE, a devotee of a unary sun god.", "answer": "Elagabalus [or Heliogabalus; or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus Elagabalus; do not accept or prompt on \"Marcus Aurelius\"]", "page": "Elagabalus", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125738, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127974, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 248], [249, 486], [487, 593], [594, 682]], "first_sentence": "This man was the second-to-last ruler covered in an 80-book history by Cassius Dio, who lived through this man's reign.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An early example of this system, which connected San Pablo Bay with its namesake California city, was the Sonoma Prismoidial. Louis Brennan patented a system of this type for military use which employed a pair of gyroscopes. A suspended version of this technology designed by Eugen Langen in Wuppertal is the oldest of them still in use today. In 2013, one of these systems circling Darling Harbour in downtown Sydney was shut down, and it has been criticized for the difficulty of providing branching service. American examples of this technology include a Seattle system that opened for the 1962 World's Fair and one connecting the casinos of the Las Vegas Strip. For 10 points, name this ever-futuristic type of train that runs on a single beam.", "answer": "monorails [prompt on train systems until \"train\" is read]", "page": "Monorail", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125737, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127975, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 224], [225, 343], [344, 510], [511, 665], [666, 748]], "first_sentence": "An early example of this system, which connected San Pablo Bay with its namesake California city, was the Sonoma Prismoidial.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An empirical approximation for this force includes a term for one hundred over the Hazen-Williams constant, all raised to the 1.85 power. The magnitude of this force is often expressed as a factor K times v squared over two g, as seen in the full Colebrook equation. A factor measuring this force exactly equals 16 over the Reynolds number if the Reynolds number is small. The nondimensional \"epsilon over diameter\" is plotted against Reynolds number on a Moody plot to estimate Fanning's factor to measure this force. It usually provides the error between both sides of the Bernoulli equation. Long, straight, rough pipelines require pumps to counteract head losses due to it. For 10 points, name this force that opposes the motion of fluids in pipes.", "answer": "pipe friction [prompt on pressure head losses or pipe roughness]", "page": "Friction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125736, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127976, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 266], [267, 372], [373, 518], [519, 594], [595, 677], [678, 752]], "first_sentence": "An empirical approximation for this force includes a term for one hundred over the Hazen-Williams constant, all raised to the 1.85 power.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one work, this thinker explained twelve reliable and twelve unreliable signs that a religious action is a true result of God's converting grace. He described how the joy of grace created a \"new light\" in A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God. A work by this man begins with the quotation \"Their Feet shall slide in due Time.\" This author of Religious Affections outlined \"ten considerations\" in that work, which exhorts \"let everyone that is out of Christ now awake,\" and was delivered at Enfield, Connecticut. That sermon claims that only \"the mere pleasure of God\" keeps wicked men from being held, like a spider, over the pit of hell. For 10 points, name this theologian of the First Great Awakening who wrote \"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.\"", "answer": "Jonathan Edwards", "page": "Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125735, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127977, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 258], [259, 340], [340, 341], [342, 526], [527, 653], [654, 768]], "first_sentence": "In one work, this thinker explained twelve reliable and twelve unreliable signs that a religious action is a true result of God's converting grace.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man designed chimneys resembling rows of huge helmeted heads, whose frightening appearance gives them the nickname \"witch scarers.\" This architect often topped his designs with four-armed crosses. A turret representing Saint George's lance is on one of his buildings nicknamed the \"house of yawns\" for the mouth- like moldings around its lower windows. This architect incorporated wrought-iron balconies and a self- supporting, undulating stone facade into one of his designs. He used broken tiles called trencadis in a mosaic- decorated park for his patron, Eusebi Guell, and planned eighteen spires for an as-yet-uncompleted church. For 10 points, name this architect who designed the Casa Mila and Sagrada Familia in Barcelona.", "answer": "Antoni Gaudi i Cornet", "page": "Antoni_Gaud\u00ed", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125734, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127978, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [135, 136], [137, 201], [202, 357], [358, 481], [482, 639], [640, 735]], "first_sentence": "This man designed chimneys resembling rows of huge helmeted heads, whose frightening appearance gives them the nickname \"witch scarers.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "n this city, a prayer session was interrupted when Jenny Geddes threw a stool at a local dean, starting a massive riot at St. Giles. A document that was signed in this city at the church of Greyfriars was resisted by the Marquis of Huntly, George Gordon. Part of its defensive fortifications include the Telfer Wall and the Netherbow Port, which is located along this city's Royal Mile. Monarchs who ruled from this city usually lived at Holyrood Palace. A legislative body in this city was disestablished following the Acts of Union, which joined this city's country with a southern neighbor. For 10 points, name this largest settlement in the region of Lothian, the capital city of Scotland.", "answer": "Edinburgh", "page": "Edinburgh", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125733, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127979, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 254], [255, 386], [387, 454], [455, 593], [594, 693]], "first_sentence": "n this city, a prayer session was interrupted when Jenny Geddes threw a stool at a local dean, starting a massive riot at St. Giles.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this play, a servant salutes to \"liberty, honour, and Fleet-Street for ever!\" after a man orders him to drink heavily. An illiterate character in this play tells a hiding woman that he will cough if there is danger, and then unintentionally starts coughing, ruining the illusion that he had driven her to \"Crackskull Common\" when he had actually driven in circles. The question of whether that man in this play is \"of age\" decides this play's secondary romance between Constance Neville and George Hastings. In this play, Tony Lumpkin steals jewels from his mother and falsely claims that his home is an inn, allowing Kate Hardcastle to win Marlow over by disguising herself as a barmaid. For 10 points, name this comedy by Oliver Goldsmith.", "answer": "She Stoops to Conquer ", "page": "She_Stoops_to_Conquer", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125732, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127980, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 121], [122, 367], [368, 510], [511, 691], [692, 744]], "first_sentence": "In this play, a servant salutes to \"liberty, honour, and Fleet-Street for ever!\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this place, a man interrupts a speech to inquire about a force \"whose talons grasp the blessings of the world.\" A denizen of this place speaks the cryptic line, \"Pape Satan, pape Satan aleppe.\" Several beings in this place run in semicircles around a ring before ramming each other with large weights. A long discourse on the nature of fortune is delivered by Virgil in this place, where many popes and cardinals reside. This realm is presided over by either Pluto or Plutus, and its residents include the prodigal, who are guilty of squandering, and the avaricious, who hoard. For 10 points, name this circle of Hell filled with those who have committed the sin of greed.", "answer": "the Fourth Circle [prompt on the Inferno; prompt on Hell] ", "page": "Inferno_(Dante)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125731, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127981, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 195], [195, 304], [305, 423], [424, 580], [581, 675]], "first_sentence": "In this place, a man interrupts a speech to inquire about a force \"whose talons grasp the blessings of the world.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "To create a painting featuring these animals, an artist repeatedly visited the Boulevard l'Hopital dressed as a man. Influenced by a similar painting by Sawrey Gilpin, Eugene Delacroix made a watercolor painting of one of these animals frightened by lightning. An engraving depicting the skeleton of one of these animals, titled for their \"anatomy,\" was made by George Stubbs. Rosa Bonheur is best known for a painting depicting these animals in a \"fair.\" One of these animals peeks from behind a curtain in Henry Fuseli's The Nightmare. Edgar Degas and Theodore Gericault created many paintings of these animals, the latter in such canvases as The Derby at Epsom. For 10 points, name these animals found in equestrian portraits.", "answer": "horses", "page": "Horse", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125730, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127982, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 260], [261, 376], [377, 454], [454, 455], [456, 537], [538, 664], [665, 729]], "first_sentence": "To create a painting featuring these animals, an artist repeatedly visited the Boulevard l'Hopital dressed as a man.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Aufbau reaction, which forms a complex of this element and six total ethyl groups, avoids termination and branching in the synthesis of polyethylene. This element is alloyed to nickel in Raney nickel. Its oxides are commonly dipped into a conducting sulfuric acid bath in the process of anodization. Gibbsite is this element's hydroxide, and this element is oxidized in the thermite reaction. Unusually, this metal's oxidation state is almost exclusively +3, and it is the lightest metal found in the p-block. Industrial production of this element proceeds by electrolysis of cryolite and its molten oxide. For 10 points, name this element produced in the Hall-Heroult process from bauxite.", "answer": "aluminum [or Al]", "page": "Aluminium", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125729, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127983, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 204], [205, 303], [304, 396], [397, 513], [514, 610], [611, 694]], "first_sentence": "The Aufbau reaction, which forms a complex of this element and six total ethyl groups, avoids termination and branching in the synthesis of polyethylene.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a play by this author, a man slashes his chest and denounces his religion after learning the \"song of self- sufficiency.\" In another of his plays, a man named Booster returns from a jail term he received for killing a woman who accused him of rape and takes his father's place as the manager of the title unlicensed taxi business. The washed-up musician Wining Boy sells his clothes to Lymon in a play by this author in which the central family is haunted by Sutter's ghost as Boy Willie attempts to sell the title object. In another play, he wrote about Cory, who is forbidden to play football by his father, Troy Maxson. For 10 points, name this African-American playwright of the \"Pittsburgh Cycle,\" which includes The Piano Lesson and Fences.", "answer": "August Wilson", "page": "August_Wilson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125728, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127984, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 333], [334, 525], [526, 625], [626, 749]], "first_sentence": "In a play by this author, a man slashes his chest and denounces his religion after learning the \"song of self- sufficiency.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character's hair is very black on his chest, somewhat lighter on his head, and golden in the lower parts of his body. Hilda leaves cigarettes on the floor of this man's house, where he defends his switch between \"proper\" English and the Derby accent. At the end of the novel he appears in, this man writes that a part of his body named John Thomas says goodbye to Lady Jane. As he looks upon an estate at night, this man is noticed by Ivy Bolton, a woman who takes care of the owner of Wragby. This character is unable to divorce Bertha Coutts and is the father of a child claimed by Duncan Forbes. For 10 points, name this gamekeeper who, in a D. H. Lawrence novel, carries on an affair with Constance Chatterley.", "answer": "Oliver Mellors [or Oliver Mellors; prompt on Lady Chatterley's lover", "page": "Lady_Chatterley's_Lover", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125727, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127985, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 255], [256, 379], [380, 498], [499, 603], [604, 719]], "first_sentence": "This character's hair is very black on his chest, somewhat lighter on his head, and golden in the lower parts of his body.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Donaldina Cameron was a missionary in this city known as \"Jesus Woman\" or the \"Angry Angel.\" A criminal in this city, \"Little Pete,\" walked around in chain mail armor until he was shot in the spine at a barbershop. Governor Henry Gage denied there was an epidemic in this city, a disease Mayor James Phelan blamed on certain \"filthy\" immigrants. In 1900, the first bubonic plague epidemic in the continental U.S. broke out in this city. A brothel owner in this city, Ah Toy, was frequently harassed by gangs committing \"slave girl\" raids during the Tong Wars. For 10 points, name this California city with the oldest Chinatown in North America, which was ravaged by a 1906 earthquake.", "answer": "San Francisco [prompt on Chinatown]", "page": "San_Francisco", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125726, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127986, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 214], [215, 345], [346, 436], [437, 559], [560, 684]], "first_sentence": "Donaldina Cameron was a missionary in this city known as \"Jesus Woman\" or the \"Angry Angel.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character is taught how to play chess by Jose Moncada after he allows the delivery of a letter to Moncada's wife. This man is assisted by Roque Carnicero, who had earlier tried to shoot him. This man negotiates a peace at Neerlandia after he loses all thirty-two of the civil wars he starts, after which he retires to making golden fish in his workshop. All but one of this man's seventeen sons are found assassinated with permanent Ash Wednesday crosses on their foreheads. This character, while facing a firing squad, remembers \"that distant afternoon when his father,\" Jose Arcadio, \"took him to discover ice.\" For 10 points, name this liberal colonel from One Hundred Years of Solitude.", "answer": "Colonel Aureliano Buendia [or Coronel Aureliano Buendia; or any answer indicating that it's the first Aureliano; prompt on Buendia; do not accept \"Aureliano Segundo\" or \"Aureliano Babilonia\" or \"Aureliano Arcadio\"]", "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125725, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127987, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 195], [196, 358], [359, 479], [480, 618], [619, 695]], "first_sentence": "This character is taught how to play chess by Jose Moncada after he allows the delivery of a letter to Moncada's wife.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This philosopher once attended a conference on homelessness to dispute that homelessness is a political issue, leading to a public argument with Albrecht Wellmer over the distinction between social and political concerns. This philosopher found an \"unwritten political philosophy\" within Kant's Critique of Judgement, which was expanded into a theory of \"reflective judgment\" of particular situations as the basis of values. This philosopher defined action as equivalent to freedom and used the terms \"animal laborans,\" \"homo faber,\" and \"zoon politikon\" to describe laboring, working, and active lives in The Human Condition. This writer of The Life of the Mind criticized a user of \"officialese\" and \"stock phrases\" for abrogating moral responsibility in a 1963 book written on assignment from The New Yorker. For 10 points, name this philosopher who reported on the trial of a Nazi official in Eichmann in Jerusalem.", "answer": "Hannah Arendt", "page": "Hannah_Arendt", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125724, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127988, "tokenizations": [[0, 221], [222, 424], [425, 626], [627, 811], [812, 919]], "first_sentence": "This philosopher once attended a conference on homelessness to dispute that homelessness is a political issue, leading to a public argument with Albrecht Wellmer over the distinction between social and political concerns.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The long flexible tail ejection system is used by some of these pathogens. The N proteins of some of them form a complex with Nus that acts as an antiterminator. The proteins Gam, Exo, and Beta derived from one of these pathogens form the basis of the Red recombineering system. Some types use a cos site for DNA circularization. A namesake ATP-dependent DNA ligase is derived from a T-even type of these pathogens. Esther Lederberg discovered a species of them now used in specialized transduction. Their DNA was labeled with radioactive phosphorus in the Hershey-Chase experiment, which used the T2 species. For 10 points, name these viruses such as lambda that infect bacteria.", "answer": "bacteriophage [or coliphage; or Enterobacteria phage lambda; or lambda phage; or T4 phage]", "page": "Bacteriophage", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125722, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127990, "tokenizations": [[0, 74], [75, 161], [162, 278], [279, 329], [330, 415], [416, 499], [500, 609], [610, 680]], "first_sentence": "The long flexible tail ejection system is used by some of these pathogens.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After leaving this position, a man claimed he was leading an expedition to look for tree-climbing fish. A man who held this post was mocked with the line \"Tony, Tony, where's your pushcart?\" and the slur \"Bohunk\" by corrupt rival William Hale Thompson. Disgruntled office seeker Patrick Prendergast murdered a man holding this position in the 1870s, named Carter Harrison Sr. In 1933, a man holding this position was critically wounded by Giuseppe Zangara in Miami; that man, Anton Cermak, was shot while shaking hands with actual target Franklin Roosevelt. For 10 points, name this political position whose 1893 occupant led his city in hosting the World's Columbian Exposition.", "answer": "Mayor of Chicago", "page": "Mayor_of_Chicago", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125721, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127991, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 252], [253, 375], [376, 557], [558, 679]], "first_sentence": "After leaving this position, a man claimed he was leading an expedition to look for tree-climbing fish.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Anomalies in this phenomenon are addressed with Rabbi Zeira's stringency. This phenomenon is established by a veset, and a bedikah cloth is used to assess it in the ritual hefsek tahara. The states of zavah ktanah and zavah gedolah arise when this phenomenon occurs during the days of zivah instead of the days of niddah. A metzorah, a person in the state of zav, or someone undergoing this phenomenon can cause an object to become a midras, and those people must purify by immersing in a mikveh. Special huts are constructed to house people during it to prevent contamination with their uncleanness, and sexual intercourse is strictly forbidden during this monthly phenomenon. For 10 points, name this normal physiological process considered \"impure\" by many religions during which the uterine lining is shed.", "answer": "menstruation [or being on your period; accept word forms and equivalent answers]", "page": "Menstruation", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125720, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127992, "tokenizations": [[0, 73], [74, 186], [187, 321], [322, 496], [497, 677], [678, 810]], "first_sentence": "Anomalies in this phenomenon are addressed with Rabbi Zeira's stringency.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The wheel spider, which is named for its tendency to rapidly cartwheel down sand dunes, is native to this desert. This desert includes a salt pan named \"Dead Marsh,\" named for the dead acacia trees that litter its landscape. The Welwitschia plant, known for its long lifespan, is native to this desert. With the nearby Naukluft Mountains, this desert is part of the largest game reserve in Africa. The whaling hub of Walvis Bay sits on the edge of this desert. The meeting of a Hadley cell and the Benguela current envelops this desert in fog. A collection of shipwrecks and whalebones lies on the aptly-named Skeleton Coast along this desert. For 10 points, name this desert that runs along the coast of southwestern Africa.", "answer": "Namib Desert", "page": "Namib", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125719, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127993, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 224], [225, 302], [303, 397], [398, 460], [461, 543], [544, 643], [644, 725]], "first_sentence": "The wheel spider, which is named for its tendency to rapidly cartwheel down sand dunes, is native to this desert.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Ernst Gombrich popularized the idea that the characters in this painting represent different Neo-Platonist ideals. The most popular theory behind this painting's creation is that it was made for the marriage of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco. At the left of this painting, clouds are broken up by a man waving a staff. The character in the middle of this painting is surrounded by a myrtle plant taking an arch-like shape. Zephrus grasps Chloris at the right side of this painting, near the top of which a putto aims an arrow at the three Graces. The backdrop of this painting is formed by an orange grove. For 10 points, name this painting by Sandro Botticelli, in which Venus and other mythological characters celebrate spring.", "answer": "La Primavera [or The Allegory of Spring before the end of the question]", "page": "Primavera_(painting)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125718, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127994, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 236], [237, 312], [313, 416], [417, 540], [541, 600], [601, 723]], "first_sentence": "Ernst Gombrich popularized the idea that the characters in this painting represent different Neo-Platonist ideals.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Circe effect is the large increase in this quantity due to electrostatic attractions. This quantity represents the x-axis of an Eadie-Hofstee plot. It can be estimated at first pass as k-cat divided by K-sub-m. One over this quantity is plotted on the y-axis of a Lineweaver-Burke plot. This quantity is limited by the rate of diffusion in carbonic anhydrase, which has an extremely high turnover number. This quantity's concentration at its half-maximum is called the Michaelis constant. For 10 points, name this quantity given by the Michaelis-Menten equation, the speed at which an enzyme converts substrate into product.", "answer": "catalytic velocity [or v; or catalytic rate; or catalytic efficiency; accept \"enzyme\" in place of \"catalytic;\" or the effective rate constant; or obvious equivalents; prompt on turnover number; prompt on binding affinity]", "page": "V", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125717, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127995, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 151], [152, 214], [215, 290], [291, 408], [409, 492], [493, 628]], "first_sentence": "The Circe effect is the large increase in this quantity due to electrostatic attractions.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Two of these particles would be excited in a giant pairing vibration. In-beam and bottle experiments differ on the value of this particle's average lifetime by almost four standard deviations. The z-component of this particle's isospin is negative one-half. Calculating the beta factor requires the number of these particles that are \"prompt\". The r- and s-processes, both important to nucleosynthesis, involve the capture of this particle. The experiment that discovered these particles fired them into a sheet of paraffin wax. Water or graphite are commonly used to slow down \"fast\" examples of these particles in nuclear reactors. For 10 points, name these neutral nucleons.", "answer": "neutrons", "page": "Neutron", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125716, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127996, "tokenizations": [[0, 69], [70, 192], [193, 257], [258, 343], [344, 440], [441, 528], [529, 633], [634, 677]], "first_sentence": "Two of these particles would be excited in a giant pairing vibration.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "As a professor, this psychologist had his students look up at a building, and found that over three-fourths of passersby would look up with them. A clothing merchant named \"Mr. Jones\" would prove instrumental in another of his experiments. An experiment by this man asked individuals in Wichita and Omaha if they knew a person in Boston. That experiment studied the idea of a \"small world\" where any two people are linked by a maximum of \"six degrees of separation.\" In another experiment, verbal cues such as \"please continue\" were used to encourage participants into delivering electric shocks to an unseen stranger taking a false memory test. For 10 poin", "answer": "Stanley Milgram", "page": "Stanley_Milgram", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125715, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127997, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 239], [240, 337], [338, 465], [465, 645], [646, 657]], "first_sentence": "As a professor, this psychologist had his students look up at a building, and found that over three-fourths of passersby would look up with them.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An unsuccessful rebellion against a ruler of this name aimed to install Stephen of Aumale in his place, and was led by Robert de Mowbray. An earlier ruler with this name deposed the Archbishop Stigand in favor of his trusted adviser, Lanfranc of Pavia. Notable monarchs with this given name include one who was fatally shot by Walter Tirel and one who suffered a postmortem stomach rupture at his funeral due to an incorrectly sized coffin. This was the name of a king whose wars with Edwin, Morcar, and Edgar the \u00c3\u2020theling led to the Harrowing of the North. For 10 points, give this name shared by several Kings of England, the first of whom defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings and was thereafter known as \"the Conqueror.\"", "answer": "William", "page": "William", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125713, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 127999, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 252], [253, 440], [441, 558], [559, 739]], "first_sentence": "An unsuccessful rebellion against a ruler of this name aimed to install Stephen of Aumale in his place, and was led by Robert de Mowbray.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, the protagonist demonstrates his renewed faculties by bailing out two women who get arrested dressing up as sailors to pick up French girls. In another scene from this novel, the North African Conte di Minghetti becomes irate when his sister is asked to clean out dirty bathwater. In this novel, a woman damaged by sexual abuse from her father, Devereux Warren, recovers and enters into an affair with Tommy Barban. When this novel's protagonist loses his personal charm to alcoholism, he alienates the star of Daddy's Girl, Rosemary Hoyt. This novel details the decline of the psychologist Dick Diver, whose failed marriage to Nicole Warren is based on the author's own marriage to his wife Zelda. For 10 points, name this final completed novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "answer": "Tender Is the Night", "page": "Tender_Is_the_Night", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125712, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128000, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 295], [296, 430], [431, 554], [555, 713], [714, 784]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, the protagonist demonstrates his renewed faculties by bailing out two women who get arrested dressing up as sailors to pick up French girls.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A piece with this nickname is Muzio Clementi's Piano Sonata Op. 13, No. 6. Another symphony with this nickname contains a repeated motif of an A major chord turning into A minor over the timpani, and debate exists over whether its Scherzo movement is performed before the Andante. Schubert himself gave his fourth symphony this title. A symphony with this nickname contains the Alma theme. An orchestral piece with this title was written as a companion piece to reflect themes opposite that of the Academic Festival Overture. In a symphony with this nickname, a hammer is used to signal three \"blows of fate.\" For 10 points, name this word, which titles an overture by Brahms and Mahler's sixth symphony.", "answer": "tragic [or tragische]", "page": "Tragedy", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125711, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128001, "tokenizations": [[0, 63], [64, 74], [75, 280], [281, 334], [335, 389], [390, 525], [526, 609], [610, 704]], "first_sentence": "A piece with this nickname is Muzio Clementi's Piano Sonata Op.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A moralizing epitaph drawing from its author's earlier Poemata is carved into the base of this sculpture. That couplet defending this sculpture's piety reads \"Those who love to pursue fleeting forms of pleasure, in the end only find leaves and bitter berries in their hands\" and was composed by Maffeo Barberini. This sculpture was commissioned to replace Pluto and Proserpina, which had been regifted to Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi by Scipione Borghese. This sculpture of a scene from Ovid's Metamorphoses depicts bark creeping up the legs of the female character as her fingertips transform into laurel leaves. For 10 points, name this marble Bernini sculpture of the lovestruck god of light and poetry pursuing the title nymph.", "answer": "Apollo and Daphne", "page": "Apollo_and_Daphne", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125710, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128002, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 118], [119, 312], [313, 453], [454, 611], [612, 729]], "first_sentence": "A moralizing epitaph drawing from its author's earlier Poemata is carved into the base of this sculpture.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man gives instructions to dress a departing hero in a robe that does not discolor until he arrives back at his home city. He is the intended recipient of a series of instructions directed at a wall in a reed hut. In his first appearance, this man wonders why \"stone things\" have been destroyed, and sees a man approach him by using punting poles to cross a sea of death. This man and his wife are assisted by Ea in persevering through an event brought on by Enlil's anger. His wife lays out a loaf of bread for each of the seven days that a hero spends sleeping. Later, this man informs that hero about an immortality-granting plant at the bottom of a pool. For 10 points, name this immortal flood survivor in the Epic of Gilgamesh.", "answer": "Utnapishtim [or Atrahasis; or Ziusudra; or Xisuthrus; or Sisithrus] ", "page": "Utnapishtim", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125709, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128003, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 217], [218, 375], [376, 477], [478, 567], [568, 662], [663, 737]], "first_sentence": "This man gives instructions to dress a departing hero in a robe that does not discolor until he arrives back at his home city.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 2004, this leader asked Elliot Morley to focus on suppressing illegal fishing of the Patagonian toothfish. This self-described \"dissident\" once claimed that if rural people were \"any other minority\" they would have been treated differently by the government. This supporter of the Cumbrian farmers and critic of the Chelsea Barracks development plan had some of his correspondence published after a Freedom of Information request by journalists at The Guardian. This author of the \"black spider\" memos became the first member of the British Royal Family to have a civil marriage after divorcing a woman who later began a relationship with Dodi Fayed. For 10 points, name this ex-husband of Princess Diana, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II.", "answer": "Charles, Prince of Wales", "page": "Charles,_Prince_of_Wales", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125708, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128004, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 261], [262, 464], [465, 653], [654, 746]], "first_sentence": "In 2004, this leader asked Elliot Morley to focus on suppressing illegal fishing of the Patagonian toothfish.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In February 2015, two women at Melbourne's Flemington Racecourse were hospitalized during a recreation of a festival involving these objects. Participants in a festival involving these items must first remove a piece of meat from a greased pole, which is the signal to begin throwing these items. The Socialist Party of the Nether- lands uses one of these objects in its logo. The Italian name for this plant is derived from the words for \"golden apple.\" A festival involving these plants is held every August in Bun\u0303ol, Spain, where they are thrown for fun. This plant is the main ingredient of pico de gallo and the soup base for gazpacho. For 10 points, name this red member of the nightshade family typically used in pizza sauce and ketchup.", "answer": "tomatoes [or Solanum lycopersicum]", "page": "Tomato", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125707, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128005, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 296], [297, 376], [377, 453], [453, 454], [455, 558], [559, 641], [642, 745]], "first_sentence": "In February 2015, two women at Melbourne's Flemington Racecourse were hospitalized during a recreation of a festival involving these objects.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During these conflicts, a British Auxiliary Legion led by Sir George de Lacy Evans assisted in lifting the siege of Bilbao. In one of these conflicts, 118 prisoners of war were shot by a firing squad at Heredia, an event that inspired the signing of the Lord Eliot Convention. During these wars, the aduaneros military force was founded by Tomas de Zumalacarregui. During the first of these wars, nearly 1,000 surrendering officers kept their ranks after Rafael Maroto and Baldomero Espartero signed the Convention of Vergara. These wars started after Ferdinand VII convinced the Cortes Generales to set aside Salic law and allow his daughter Isabella II to succeed him. For 10 points, name this series of civil wars in 19th century Spain named for the supporters of Ferdinand VII's brother.", "answer": "Carlist Wars [or First Carlist War]", "page": "Carlist_Wars", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125706, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128006, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 276], [277, 364], [365, 526], [527, 670], [671, 791]], "first_sentence": "During these conflicts, a British Auxiliary Legion led by Sir George de Lacy Evans assisted in lifting the siege of Bilbao.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "While hiding in a tree, two characters created by this author watch a man dressed as a stag chop another person's finger off. In a novel by this author, a lame man is murdered and buried with a sprig of mistletoe by some workmen, allowing his wife Goody Pangall to pursue an affair with the master builder Roger Mason. In a novel by this author, Fa is swept down a waterfall on a log and Lok is unable to save a baby called the New One. This author wrote a novel about Dean Jocelin's renovation of a cathedral and a novel about a tribe of Neander- thals. In one of his novels, the corpse of a parachuter is mistaken for the Beast, and a conch shell and Piggy's glasses are symbols of order. For 10 points, name this author of The Spire, The Inheritors, and Lord of the Flies.", "answer": "William Golding [or William Gerald Golding]", "page": "William_Golding", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125705, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128007, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 318], [319, 436], [437, 554], [555, 690], [691, 775]], "first_sentence": "While hiding in a tree, two characters created by this author watch a man dressed as a stag chop another person's finger off.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This country executed a schizophrenic Brazilian man who was unaware that he was about to be executed until the day it happened. This country's current vice president chastised neighbors for being ungrateful for eleven months of clean air and complaining about one month of haze. This country banned its citizens from working in the Middle East after two maids from here were executed in Saudi Arabia. In April 2015, Australian citizens Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran were among seven people killed by firing squad in this coun- try. Prabowo Subianto rejected the results of this country's 2014 presidential election, which brought Joko Widodo to power. For 10 points, name this country that executed members of a drug-smuggling ring on Bali.", "answer": "Indonesia [or Republic of Indonesia]", "page": "Indonesia", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125704, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128008, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 278], [279, 400], [401, 534], [535, 654], [655, 743]], "first_sentence": "This country executed a schizophrenic Brazilian man who was unaware that he was about to be executed until the day it happened.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A concerto for this instrument, titled The Harmonic Labyrinth, was published in a collection on The Art of this instrument, by Pietro Locatelli. A G minor sonata for this instrument begins with a Larghetto affettuoso in 12/8 time. Two of these instruments feature in Arcangelo Corelli's trio sonatas. A dream of Satan's virtuosic skill on this instrument inspired Giuseppe Tartini's Devil's Trill Sonata. This instrument plays the D minor chaconne that ends J.S. Bach's Partita No. 2 for it. A set of concertos for this instrument was paired with sonnets about harvests, thunderstorms, and chirping birds in spring. For 10 points, name this instrument for which Antonio Vivaldi wrote The Four Seasons.", "answer": "violins ", "page": "Violin", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125703, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128009, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 230], [231, 300], [301, 404], [405, 491], [492, 615], [616, 701]], "first_sentence": "A concerto for this instrument, titled The Harmonic Labyrinth, was published in a collection on The Art of this instrument, by Pietro Locatelli.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An anthropologist from this country described how enclaved commodities are hedged from pathway diver- sion in The Social Life of Things and noted the role of social imaginaries in globalization in Modernity at Large. A man from this country described how people convert endowments into entitlements in an analysis of mass starvation. The roles of moral, technical, and ceremonial customs in reinforcing social cohesion on an archi- pelago in this country were described by Alfred Radcliffe-Brown. The creator of the capability approach, an economist from this country, wrote Poverty and Famines and Development as Freedom. A system from this country had thousands of divisions called jatis and four major ranks called varnas. For 10 points, name this home country of Arjun Appadurai and Amartya Sen, which had a noted caste system.", "answer": "India", "page": "India", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125702, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128010, "tokenizations": [[0, 216], [217, 333], [334, 496], [497, 622], [623, 725], [726, 831]], "first_sentence": "An anthropologist from this country described how enclaved commodities are hedged from pathway diver- sion in The Social Life of Things and noted the role of social imaginaries in globalization in Modernity at Large.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "As this quantity increases, a plot of its counterpart gives serrated bands in the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect. The gauge factor is the change in resistance, over resistance, divided by this quantity. Cold working results in the tangling of grain dislocations in this quantity's namesake \"hardening\". The time derivative of this quantity multiplied by viscosity equals the viscous force over area. The Poisson ratio is the negative ratio of it in the transverse and axial directions. The Cauchy, or engineering, definition of this quantity is the change in length over the original length. For 10 points, name this dimensionless quantity symbolized epsilon, which is often plotted against stress.", "answer": "engineering strain [or strain rate] ", "page": "Deformation_(mechanics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125701, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128011, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 200], [201, 300], [301, 397], [398, 483], [484, 589], [590, 696]], "first_sentence": "As this quantity increases, a plot of its counterpart gives serrated bands in the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem of this title describes a painting \"about the size of an old-style dollar bill\" executed by Uncle George, and was included in Geography III by Elizabeth Bishop. Another poem of this title describes a cat stepping down \"into the pit of the empty flowerpot.\" That poem was written by William Carlos Williams, who also wrote that \"it is difficult to get the news from\" these things, \"yet men die miserably every day for lack of what is found there.\" These things are compared to \"imaginary gardens with real toads in them\" in a poem by Mari- anne Moore. A rather stupid poem says that these things \"should be equal to: not true,\" and that they \"should not mean but be.\" For 10 points, name these artworks described by Archibald MacLeish's \"Ars Poetica.\"", "answer": "poems [prompt on poetry]", "page": "Poetry", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125700, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128012, "tokenizations": [[0, 167], [168, 262], [262, 453], [454, 557], [558, 672], [672, 757]], "first_sentence": "A poem of this title describes a painting \"about the size of an old-style dollar bill\" executed by Uncle George, and was included in Geography III by Elizabeth Bishop.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The generating function for these numbers is x over quantity one minus x, cubed. Gauss's \"Eureka Theo- rem\" is about expressing numbers as sums of three of these numbers. The sum of the first n cubes is the square of one of these numbers. All even perfect numbers are this type of number that can be written as a function of a Mersenne prime. The number of edges in a complete graph is one of these numbers. By looking at a geometric representation of these numbers, one sees that the sum of two consecutive ones is a perfect square. Numbers of this form can be written as n plus 1 choose 2, or n times n plus 1 over 2. For 10 points, iden- tifythesenumberslike15,whichcanbewrittenas1+2+3+4+5.", "answer": "triangular numbers [or n plus 1 choose 2 or n times n plus 1 over 2 until they are read]", "page": "Triangular_number", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125699, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128013, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 170], [171, 238], [239, 342], [343, 407], [408, 533], [534, 619], [620, 693]], "first_sentence": "The generating function for these numbers is x over quantity one minus x, cubed.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "John Reekie's image of men gathering the remains of fellow soldiers during this period was partly titled A Burial Party and was included in a namesake Sketch Book produced during this conflict. View in wheatfield oppo- site our extreme left, \"Slaughter pen\" on left wing, and The Harvest of Death were created during this period by Timo- thy O'Sullivan after joining the studio of Alexander Gardner. George S. Cook took the first-ever combat photo during this conflict. Many of the images of this era were delegated out by Mathew Brady, whose photograph of the president during this conflict is used on the $5 bill. For 10 points, name this war memorialized in the pho- tography exhibition \"The Dead of Antietam\".", "answer": "American Civil War", "page": "American_Civil_War", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125696, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128016, "tokenizations": [[0, 193], [194, 399], [400, 469], [470, 615], [616, 713]], "first_sentence": "John Reekie's image of men gathering the remains of fellow soldiers during this period was partly titled A Burial Party and was included in a namesake Sketch Book produced during this conflict.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This country's Fly River was affected by a large influx of mining waste from the Ok Tedi Mine near its west- ern border. The nut tree Canarium indicum was domesticated by this country's highland farmers, who were fa- mously studied by Jared Diamond. An English-derived creole known as Tok Pisin is the most widely spoken of over eight hundred languages spoken by this country's residents. Some of this country's residents have es- caped to the Torres Strait Islands, which are owned by a country to its south. This country shares an island with a province formerly known as Irian Jaya. For 10 points, name this Oceanic country whose capital, Port Moresby, was used in World War II as a base to protect nearby Australia.", "answer": "Papua New Guinea [or Independent State of Papua New Guinea] ", "page": "Papua_New_Guinea", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125695, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128017, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 249], [250, 388], [389, 509], [510, 585], [586, 719]], "first_sentence": "This country's Fly River was affected by a large influx of mining waste from the Ok Tedi Mine near its west- ern border.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The DAG complex links the cytoskeleton to costameres to couple this multi-protein structure with the cell membrane. CapZ localizes to a region of this structure with the help of nebulin, which also serves as a \"molec- ular ruler.\" The poly-Ig chains and PEVK region motifs account for the differential elasticity of titin at various extensions of this structure, which may be represented on a force-length plot. At the center of this structure is a pale region named for the German word heller that contains the M-line. Intercalated discs are found at this structure's Z lines. It consists of thick and thin filaments that slide during contraction. For 10 points, name this basic myofibrillar structural unit of striated muscles that contains actin and myosin.", "answer": "sarcomeres [or Z line and Z disk until \"extensions\" is read; prompt on skeletal or cardiac muscle, myocytes, muscle cells, and cross-bridges; prompt on myofibrils, thin filaments, and thick filaments until they are read; do not accept \"sacromeres\"]", "page": "Sarcomere", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125693, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128019, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 229], [229, 411], [412, 519], [520, 577], [578, 648], [649, 760]], "first_sentence": "The DAG complex links the cytoskeleton to costameres to couple this multi-protein structure with the cell membrane.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An orator of this ethnicity asked why he was the first in his family \"in a thousand generations to be able to get to university,\" in a speech plagiarized by Joe Biden. A man of this ethnicity claimed he appeased the BMA by \"[stuffing] their mouths with gold,\" and names a leftist faction of his party that opposed the Gaitskellites. A man with this ethnicity proposed high taxes on the rich in the 1909 \"People's Budget\" while he was Chancellor of the Exchequer. Labour luminaries of this ethnicity include Neil Kinnock and NHS godfather Nye Bevan, both of whom hailed from the coal-mining town of Tredegar. The only Prime Minister of this ethnicity repre- sented Britain at Versailles. For 10 points, give this ethnicity of David Lloyd George.", "answer": "Welsh people [or Cymry] ", "page": "Welsh_people", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125692, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128020, "tokenizations": [[0, 167], [168, 332], [333, 462], [463, 607], [608, 686], [687, 744]], "first_sentence": "An orator of this ethnicity asked why he was the first in his family \"in a thousand generations to be able to get to university,\" in a speech plagiarized by Joe Biden.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this play, a man claims that \"almost all the wise world is little else but parasites.\" Another character in this play is forced to wear donkey ears and paraded around the city. Earlier in this play, that character orders his wife to perform all things backwards after she throws her handkerchief at a man who sells a panacea while dis- guised as a mountebank named Scoto. In this play, Peregrine is thought to be a courtesan in disguise by the talkative Lady Politic Would-Be. This play centers on the attempts by Voltore, Corvino, and Corbaccio to win the inheritance of the title character, who pretends to be on his deathbed and is served by Mosca. For 10 points, name this play about a \"Sly Fox\" by Ben Jonson.", "answer": "Volpone", "page": "Volpone", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125691, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128021, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 179], [180, 374], [375, 479], [480, 654], [655, 717]], "first_sentence": "In this play, a man claims that \"almost all the wise world is little else but parasites.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem in this language ends by noting \"we shall have early fruit this year\" after describing the title \"Au- topsy.\" A poet who wrote in this language tried to captured the \"metaphysics of the sun\" in long poems like Worthy It Is. A poem in this language instructs the addressee to listen to the \"exquisite music of that strange procession\" outside his window. In a poem in this language, the speaker asks questions like, \"Why do the sena- tors sit there without legislating?\" A poet who used this language advised, \"pray that the road is long, full of adventure, full of knowledge,\" and wrote, \"They were, those people, a kind of solution,\" in his poem \"Waiting for the Barbarians.\" For 10 points, name this language used by Odysseas Elytis and by Constantine Cavafy.", "answer": "Greek [or Hellenica] ", "page": "Greek_language", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125690, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128022, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [105, 116], [117, 223], [224, 230], [231, 360], [361, 476], [477, 683], [684, 768]], "first_sentence": "A poem in this language ends by noting \"we shall have early fruit this year\" after describing the title \"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man used the term \"signa beneplaciti\" to refer to the voluntary will of God, which he separated from the \"absolute uncaused will\" that cannot be countermanded. This man was attacked for his doctrine of the \"com- mon substance,\" which Joachim of Fiore said made a \"quaternity\" out of the trinity. This man, whose list of seven sacraments became authoritative, wrote a text in four books that discuss God, angels, Christ, and the sacraments. This man was put on trial at the Fourth Lateran Council but was vindicated, allowing his major text to become the standard textbook at the University of Paris. For 10 points, name this early twelfth century author of the Sentences.", "answer": "Peter Lombard", "page": "Peter_Lombard", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125689, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128023, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 300], [301, 444], [445, 604], [605, 676]], "first_sentence": "This man used the term \"signa beneplaciti\" to refer to the voluntary will of God, which he separated from the \"absolute uncaused will\" that cannot be countermanded.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The largest of these structures stretches half a mile and is located in the very remote Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada. The construction of these structures has devastated Tierra del Fuego, because local flora aren't amenable to coppicing, and has led to one of the largest fauna eradication programs in history. Secondary ex- amples of these structures can provide counterpressure to shore up their primary structure or protect food caches. These structures are often designed to protect a \"lodge\" that's used for shelter. They're the original ex- ample of allogenic ecosystem engineering and are anchored by poles and branches set up parallel to a body of water's current and pointing upstream. For 10 points, name these structures that are created on streams by a large aquatic rodent.", "answer": "beaver dams [or beaver ponds until it is read; prompt on dams]", "page": "Beaver_dam", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125688, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128024, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 318], [319, 447], [448, 529], [530, 702], [703, 794]], "first_sentence": "The largest of these structures stretches half a mile and is located in the very remote Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This attorney prosecuted Arthur Bowen, a young slave, for the attempted murder of his owner Anna Thornton in a trial that took place in the aftermath of a destructive race riot. Another person prosecuted by this man was a house-painter named Richard Lawrence, who arrived at the funeral of Warren Davis and tried to use two malfunctioning firearms to kill Andrew Jackson. While attempting to secure the release of Dr. Wil- liam Beanes, this man was detained aboard the HMS Tonnant, where he wrote a poem that mentions in its later stanzas \"the terror of flight\" and \"the gloom of the grave.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"The Defense of Fort M'Henry,\" which was set to music as \"The Star-Spangled Banner.\"", "answer": "Francis Scott Key", "page": "Francis_Scott_Key", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125687, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128025, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 371], [372, 590], [590, 711]], "first_sentence": "This attorney prosecuted Arthur Bowen, a young slave, for the attempted murder of his owner Anna Thornton in a trial that took place in the aftermath of a destructive race riot.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Brothers of people in this office often held military commands as the \"chief of the wine stewards\" or \"chief of the bodyguard\". These people led festival processions to Arinna and Nerik, the respective cult centers of the sun goddess and the storm god. These people convened assemblies called panku, and resided in the fortress of Buyukkale. A spate of murders of people in this office led one of them to codify rules of succession in the Edict of Telepinu. A holder of this office signed the world's oldest extant peace treaty with a southern neighbor after his army forded the Orontes River to defeat Ramesses II at Kadesh. For 10 points, give this royal position of men like Suppiluliuma I and Muwatalli II, who ruled an ancient Anatolian kingdom from Hattusa.", "answer": " kings of the Hittites [or kings of Hatti; or Labarna; or Tabarna] ", "page": "List_of_Hittite_kings", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125686, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128026, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 252], [253, 341], [342, 457], [458, 625], [626, 763]], "first_sentence": "Brothers of people in this office often held military commands as the \"chief of the wine stewards\" or \"chief of the bodyguard\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This ballet's title character and protagonist dance a pas de deux in a section titled for the \"Supplications\" of the title character. In this ballet, the ringing of a magic carillon signals the arrival of the antagonist in a section that follows a solo oboe-introduced rendition of \"In the Garden,\" a folk song taken from a Nikolai Rimsky- Korsakov collection and known as the \"Khorovod.\" The antagonist of this ballet is lulled into an enchanted sleep in a solo bassoon-introduced lullaby. The \"Infernal Dance\" of this ballet depicts the enchantment of Kashchei by the title creature, who is summoned by a magic feather given to Ivan Tsarevitch. For 10 points, name this Igor Stravinsky ballet about a flying, flaming creature.", "answer": "The Firebird [or L'oiseau de feu; or Zhar-ptitsa]", "page": "The_Firebird", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125685, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128027, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 283], [283, 388], [389, 490], [491, 646], [647, 728]], "first_sentence": "This ballet's title character and protagonist dance a pas de deux in a section titled for the \"Supplications\" of the title character.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Satterthwaite's estimator approximates a linear combination of random variables with this distribution. This distribution is equivalent to a gamma distribution with scale parameter two and shape parameter a multiple of one-half. This distribution appears in both the numerator and denominator of the F-distribution, and in the denominator of the t-distribution. If Z is a standard normal random variable, then Z squared has this distribution with one degree of freedom. If O is observed and E expected values, then the sum of O minus E quantity squared over E has this distribution. For 10 points, name this distribution that is typically used in hypothesis tests for independence and goodness-of-fit.", "answer": "chi-squared distribution", "page": "Chi-squared_distribution", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125684, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128028, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 228], [229, 361], [362, 469], [470, 582], [583, 701]], "first_sentence": "Satterthwaite's estimator approximates a linear combination of random variables with this distribution.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Some species of Cuscuta use a type of this process that assesses the low red/far red ratios transmitted by their prey, while other species exhibit a form responsive to VOCs. A type of this phenomenon is mediated by statoliths. Cholodny and Went modeled this process in coleoptiles, similar to an experiment by the Darwins. This phenomenon is contrasted with nastic movements. The touch-sensitive, or \"thigmo-\", type of this phenomenon occurs in tendrils. Some forms of this process involve asymmetric distribution of auxin, which inhibits cell expansion on the lower side of a root in a type sensitive to gravity. For 10 points, name this process in which plants directionally grow or turn in response to a stimulus such as light.", "answer": "tropism [or phototropism; or gravitropism; or chemotropism; or thigmotropism; prompt on directional growth until it is read]", "page": "Tropism", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125683, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128029, "tokenizations": [[0, 173], [174, 226], [227, 322], [323, 375], [376, 454], [455, 613], [614, 730]], "first_sentence": "Some species of Cuscuta use a type of this process that assesses the low red/far red ratios transmitted by their prey, while other species exhibit a form responsive to VOCs.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Jules Dupuit used an early version of this concept in deciding the tolls for bridges. John Hicks created alternatives to it after showing it does not take into account income effects. One of those alternatives considers the sum necessary to compensate someone after a price change. When utility is quasilinear, the compensating variation and equivalent variation are equal to this. Firms may use price discrimination to capture all of this quantity without creating deadweight loss. The gross type for a discrete good is the sum of the reservation prices for each good consumed, and the net type is generally the area between the price and the demand curve. For 10 points, name this difference between what people are willing to pay and the actual price.", "answer": "consumers' surplus [or consumers' welfare]", "page": "Economic_surplus", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125682, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128030, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 183], [184, 281], [282, 381], [382, 482], [483, 657], [658, 754]], "first_sentence": "Jules Dupuit used an early version of this concept in deciding the tolls for bridges.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this state, Detective Martin McFadden's \"stop and frisk\" of two suspects was ruled legal by the Supreme Court in 1968. Police officers in this state targeted an employee of racketeer Shon Birns who was running a \"California Gold\" numbers operation. This state prosecuted the manager of a movie theater for showing the French film The Lovers. In 1969, the Supreme Court struck down a law used here to convict the Ku Klux Klan leader Clarence Brandenburg, while a 1961 case ruled that this state could not use evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment in prosecutions. For 10 points, name this state, the site of the Mapp Supreme Court case.", "answer": "Ohio", "page": "Ohio", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125681, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128031, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 251], [252, 344], [345, 582], [583, 655]], "first_sentence": "In this state, Detective Martin McFadden's \"stop and frisk\" of two suspects was ruled legal by the Supreme Court in 1968.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel buys plaster statues of Venus and Apollo which she tells her landlady are statues of St. Peter and Mary Magdalene. In this novel, the protagonist and his wife separate shortly after he botches a pig-killing, and soon after separating, his wife leaves for Australia. When a boy's stepmother tells him she is going to have another child in this novel, the boy rebukes her and hangs himself and two siblings the next day. This novel's protagonist takes up masonry in order to live near the university in Christminster. In this novel, the schoolmaster Richard Phillotson loses his position after allowing his wife, Sue Bridehead, to leave him and live with the title character. For 10 points, name this final novel by Thomas Hardy.", "answer": "Jude the Obscure", "page": "Jude_the_Obscure", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125680, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128032, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 291], [292, 444], [445, 541], [542, 699], [700, 753]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel buys plaster statues of Venus and Apollo which she tells her landlady are statues of St. Peter and Mary Magdalene.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character has a recurring dream in which she walks through a forest being followed by someone whom she cannot see. This character loses three pennies after performing a somersault underwater, then also loses her dress to Tia. Incestuous overtones are presented when she lovingly remembers her last kiss with Cousin Sandi. This character requests the creation of an obeah love potion from Christophene. She has a brother named Richard whom she attacks with a knife when he visits and does not recognize her. That incident occurs while this character is kept in an attic under the watch of Grace Poole. For 10 points, name the protagonist of Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea, the first wife of Mr. Rochester who burns down Thornfield Hall in Jane Eyre.", "answer": "Bertha Mason [or Bertha Mason; or Antoinette Cosway; or Antoinette Cosway]", "page": "Bertha_Mason", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125679, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128033, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 230], [231, 326], [327, 406], [407, 511], [512, 605], [606, 752]], "first_sentence": "This character has a recurring dream in which she walks through a forest being followed by someone whom she cannot see.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A giant peacock appears at the center of a collaboration between Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi depicting this scene. A painting of this scene in the International Gothic style, is the most famous artwork by Gentile da Fabriano. A predominantly yellow and blue painting of this name includes a palm tree in the center and was left unfinished by Leonardo da Vinci. In a painting featuring this scene, Botticelli places himself at the very right wearing an orange robe, while members of the Medici are substituted in for the title characters. These paintings typically depict foreign visitors arriving on horses and camels. For 10 points, name this Biblical scene in which kings offer gold, frankincense, and myrrh to the infant Jesus.", "answer": "Adoration of the Magi [prompt on Adoration; prompt on Nativity]", "page": "Adoration_of_the_Magi", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125678, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128034, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 228], [229, 363], [364, 540], [541, 621], [622, 733]], "first_sentence": "A giant peacock appears at the center of a collaboration between Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi depicting this scene.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During the reign of this pope, Marcantonio Pacelli began publishing The Roman Observer, which reports on the daily activities of the Holy See. This man adopted a six-year-old Jewish boy named Edgardo Mortara on the grounds that a Jewish family should not be allowed to care for a baptized child. This pope issued the encyclical Quanta Cura at the same time as he released a document condemning eighty propositions, the Syllabus of Errors. This pope issued the dogma of the Immaculate Conception at the First Vatican Council, which he convened. For 10 points, name this longest-reigning pope in history who decreed the dogma of papal infallibility.", "answer": "Pius IX [or Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti; prompt on Pius]", "page": "Pope_Pius_IX", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125677, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128035, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 295], [296, 438], [439, 543], [544, 647]], "first_sentence": "During the reign of this pope, Marcantonio Pacelli began publishing The Roman Observer, which reports on the daily activities of the Holy See.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An epic poem called the \"song\" of this war was written in part by William of Tudela. One of the issues that led to this war was the consolamentum, a practice by which people could become \"Perfects.\" After joining this war, Peter II of Aragon was killed at the Battle of Muret. During a siege in this war, a stone thrown from a mangonel killed the elder Simon de Montfort. During this war, Arnaud Amalric gave the command \"Kill them all, for the Lord knows those that are His own\" during the sack of Beziers. This war was sparked by the murder of papal legate Pierre de Castelnau, who was sent by Innocent III to investigate Raymond, the Count of Toulouse's allowance of a group in the Languedoc region. For 10 points, name this crusade which targeted the heretical Cathars in Southern France.", "answer": "Albigensian Crusade [or Cathar Crusade until \"Cathars\" is read]", "page": "Albigensian_Crusade", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125675, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128037, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 198], [199, 276], [277, 371], [372, 507], [508, 702], [703, 792]], "first_sentence": "An epic poem called the \"song\" of this war was written in part by William of Tudela.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An simple-to-use small signal model for these elements is the piecewise linear model. Although it is normally treated as equal to one, the exponential term in an equation for these elements has an emission coefficient or ideality factor multiplying the thermal voltage. Smoothing capacitors are most commonly used by inserting them in parallel with one of these elements in a half-wave rectifier. These nonlinear elements have a \"knee\" point in their I-V curves at around 0.7 volts, beyond which the current rapidly increases to infinity. These elements are represented as a sideways triangle with a vertical line at its tip. For 10 points, name these circuit elements that permit current flow in only one direction.", "answer": "silicon p-n diodes [prompt on p-n junctions]", "page": "P\u2013n_diode", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125674, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128038, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 269], [270, 396], [397, 538], [539, 625], [626, 716]], "first_sentence": "An simple-to-use small signal model for these elements is the piecewise linear model.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This composer's last three string quartets all feature a prominent cello part intended to be played by the king to which they were dedicated. This composer used a melancholy slow introduction to open the final movement of his G minor String Quintet No. 4. A quintet by this composer ends with an \"Allegretto con variazioni\" in A major. He called for eight woodwinds, four horns, and a double bass in his seven-movement Gran Partita. This composer's six string quartets dedicated to Joseph Haydn include the Dissonance, and he wrote both a clarinet quintet and a clarinet concerto for his friend Anton Stadler. This composer's Piano Sonata No. 11 ends with a \"Rondo alla turca.\" For 10 points, name this composer of Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.", "answer": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", "page": "Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125673, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128039, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 255], [256, 335], [336, 432], [433, 609], [610, 676], [676, 738]], "first_sentence": "This composer's last three string quartets all feature a prominent cello part intended to be played by the king to which they were dedicated.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a novel by this author, a man opens his window at Penge and yells, \"Come!\" to the night. In the \"Terminal Note\" to that novel by this man, he claimed that \"what the public really loathes\" about a certain activity is \"not the thing itself but having to think about it.\" The title character of one of his novels is instructed in sexual matters by Mr. Ducie, but later falls in love with Clive Durham and Alec Scudder. At the end of another of his novels, the sky says \"not yet\" to the question of interracial friendship, after a trial caused by Ronald Heaslop's fiancee. This author of Maurice wrote a novel in which Adela Quested accuses Dr. Aziz of trying to rape her. For 10 points, name this British author of A Passage to India.", "answer": "E. M. Forster [or Edward Morgan Forster] ", "page": "E._M._Forster", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125672, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128040, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 271], [272, 418], [419, 571], [572, 671], [672, 734]], "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, a man opens his window at Penge and yells, \"Come!\" to the night.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man with this surname won acclaim for his literature classes at Cornell while writing Shakespeare's Politics but left the U.S. for several years after Cornell gave in to student demands to teach \"relevant\" books. That man with this surname argued that the West is not \"just another culture\" in a book with a forty-page chapter on the place of contemporary rock music in history, that identifies \"the search for the good life\" as \"the real motive of education\" and denounces relativism. That man with this surname wrote The Closing of the American Mind, which shares some themes with a book by another man of this surname, The Western Canon. For 10 points, give this common surname of two literary critics, Chicago-based Allan and longtime Yale Shakespeare theorist Harold.", "answer": "Bloom [or Allan David Bloom; or Harold Bloom] ", "page": "Allan_Bloom", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125671, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128041, "tokenizations": [[0, 214], [215, 487], [488, 642], [643, 774]], "first_sentence": "A man with this surname won acclaim for his literature classes at Cornell while writing Shakespeare's Politics but left the U.S. for several years after Cornell gave in to student demands to teach \"relevant\" books.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Comparing the rest-frame magnitude of objects with different values of this quantity is possible using K- correction. One can identify objects with a high value for this quantity by recognizing that photons with wavelength less than 1216 angstroms are absorbed by the IGM, which gives rise to the Lyman-break method. Astronomical surveys that measured this quantity include 2dF and DEEP2. The linear version of Hubble's law, where radial velocity equals the Hubble constant times distance, only applies to objects whose value for this quantity is much less than 1. This numerical quantity indicates how distant and old an object is. For 10 points, name this numerical representation of how much an object's spectrum has been shifted to longer wavelengths.", "answer": "redshift [or z]", "page": "Redshift", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125670, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128042, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 316], [317, 388], [389, 564], [565, 632], [633, 755]], "first_sentence": "Comparing the rest-frame magnitude of objects with different values of this quantity is possible using K- correction.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author created a character who stares at a picture of his father's first wife Deborah before ascending a hill in Central Park and imagining that Broadway symbolizes his life to come. In a story by this man, a postcard from Greece informs the narrator that his jazz-playing brother is still alive, though his brother's heroin usage has estranged them. A boy reflects on having \"sinned his hand,\" or masturbated, in a novel by this man in which that boy has a spiritual awakening at the Temple of the Fire Baptized. In that novel by this man, Gabriel is revealed not to be the true father of the protagonist, John Grimes. For 10 points, name this African- American author who wrote \"Sonny's Blues\" and Go Tell It on the Mountain.", "answer": "James Baldwin [James Arthur Baldwin]", "page": "James_Baldwin", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125669, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128043, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 355], [356, 518], [519, 624], [625, 658], [659, 732]], "first_sentence": "This author created a character who stares at a picture of his father's first wife Deborah before ascending a hill in Central Park and imagining that Broadway symbolizes his life to come.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "William Charles made a political cartoon satirizing this event in which Timothy Pickering is depicted kneeling on a beach while above him several men stand on the edge of a cliff. Participants in this event, including the \"blue lights,\" opposed allowing naturalized citizens the opportunity of holding public office in the United States. Further regulations endorsed by this meeting would have prohibited consecutive presidents from being from the same state and limited the office of president to one term. Presided over by George Cabot, this meeting was rendered completely irrelevant once news arrived of Andrew Jackson's victory at New Orleans. For 10 points, name this meeting convened by radical Federalists during the War of 1812 with the purpose of amending the Constitution.", "answer": "Hartford Convention", "page": "Hartford_Convention", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125668, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128044, "tokenizations": [[0, 179], [180, 337], [338, 507], [508, 648], [649, 783]], "first_sentence": "William Charles made a political cartoon satirizing this event in which Timothy Pickering is depicted kneeling on a beach while above him several men stand on the edge of a cliff.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In late 2013, this city introduced two robots built by Therese Izay (teh-REEZ ee-ZAY) in an attempt to control its traffic problem. A 2014 report by the University of Oxford concluded that this city was the origin of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This city, which is connected by rail to the port of Matadi (mah-TAH-dee), replaced Boma as a colonial capital. After Paris, this is the second most populous French-speaking city in the world. This city, the site of the \"Rumble in the Jungle\" boxing match, had its name changed from Leopoldville by Mobutu Sese Seko. It lies across the Malebo Pool from Brazzaville. For 10 points, name this capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "answer": "Kinshasa", "page": "Kinshasa", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125666, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128046, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 239], [240, 351], [352, 432], [433, 556], [557, 605], [606, 679]], "first_sentence": "In late 2013, this city introduced two robots built by Therese Izay (teh-REEZ ee-ZAY) in an attempt to control its traffic problem.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A piece by this musician begins with the pianist's right hand playing the following eighth notes: a descending \"A, F\" three times, then an ascending \"E, F, G.\" He wrote a track that ends with the pianist playing the \"shave and a haircut\" motif twice, and begins with musicians clapping in 7/4 time. This composer of \"Unsquare Dance\" wrote a piece whose opening groups beats into units of 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 to create a 9/8 time rhythm. The third track from an album by this musician's band features a prominent Joe Morello drum solo in its middle section and was written by alto saxophonist Paul Desmond using 5/4 time. For 10 points, name this jazz musician whose namesake quartet included \"Blue Rondo a\u0300 la Turk\" and \"Take Five\" in the album Time Out.", "answer": "Dave Brubeck [or David Warren Brubeck]", "page": "Dave_Brubeck", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125665, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128047, "tokenizations": [[0, 298], [299, 430], [431, 614], [615, 748]], "first_sentence": "A piece by this musician begins with the pianist's right hand playing the following eighth notes: a descending \"A, F\" three times, then an ascending \"E, F, G.\" He wrote a track that ends with the pianist playing the \"shave and a haircut\" motif twice, and begins with musicians clapping in 7/4 time.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this book, the author argues that \"we learn to prefer imperfect theories...to digested systems which have no one valuable suggestion\" after illustrating a point by quoting some stanzas from George Herbert's \"Man.\" This essay's author defines the Imagination as \"the use which the Reason makes of the material world\" in its ambivalent chapter on \"Idealism.\" The title concept is identified as \"the symbol of spirit\" in the third proposition explored in this book's chapter on \"Language.\" This essay's author declares, \"I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me,\" in a passage about becoming a \"transparent eyeball\" while immersed in the title entity. For 10 points, name this first book by Ralph Waldo Emerson.", "answer": "Nature", "page": "Nature", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125664, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128048, "tokenizations": [[0, 216], [217, 359], [360, 489], [490, 692], [693, 752]], "first_sentence": "In this book, the author argues that \"we learn to prefer imperfect theories...to digested systems which have no one valuable suggestion\" after illustrating a point by quoting some stanzas from George Herbert's \"Man.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A temple in Penang uses incense to hold its population of these animals. The twenty-third tirthankara, Parshvanatha, escapes a storm because he saved one of these creatures as a young man. Along with a pig and a bird, this animal appears in Buddhist images of the \"three poisons.\" In Voodoo, the creator Loa, Damballa, has the body of one of these animals. In Hinduism, young Krishna deals with one of them named Kaliya. In the Book of Mark, Jesus says that his apostles will be known by their ability to handle these animals, inspiring the practice of handling them in Pentecostal churches. For 10 points, name this type of animal that tempts Eve in the Garden of Eden.", "answer": "snake [or serpent; or naga]", "page": "Snake", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125663, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128049, "tokenizations": [[0, 72], [73, 188], [189, 280], [281, 356], [357, 420], [421, 591], [592, 670]], "first_sentence": "A temple in Penang uses incense to hold its population of these animals.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This politician split with Prescott Bush after this man married the divorcee \"Happy\" Murphy, an action that cost him a crucial California primary. In 1976, he was photographed at the Broome County Airport extending his middle finger to protesters. This man died in the company of aide and possible mistress Megan Marshack. He was heckled at the 1964 Republican National Convention, as Goldwater supporters regarded him as the leader of the \"Eastern Establishment\" liberal wing of the party. As Governor, this man dealt with the Attica Prison riot. For 10 points, name this Governor of New York during all of the 1960's and Vice-President under Gerald Ford.", "answer": "Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller", "page": "Nelson_Rockefeller", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125662, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128050, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 247], [248, 322], [323, 490], [491, 547], [548, 656]], "first_sentence": "This politician split with Prescott Bush after this man married the divorcee \"Happy\" Murphy, an action that cost him a crucial California primary.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Generalized forces computed as the square of time derivatives in Lagrangian mechanics are named for this other force. The m term in Clairaut's formula is the ratio of this force to gravity. Most industrial pumps pressurize fluids by means of this force. The first Lagrange point is balanced by gravity and this force. Its magnitude equals mass times angular velocity cross angular velocity cross radius. It is experienced by an observer on Earth due to distant stars in a common statement of the Mach principle. The effect of artificial gravity is really governed by this force. It arises in rotating reference frames only, perpendicular to the angular velocity. For 10 points, name this fictitious, outward-directed force oriented opposite the centripetal force.", "answer": "centrifugal force [do not accept \"centripetal force\"] ", "page": "Centrifugal_force", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125661, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128051, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 189], [190, 253], [254, 317], [318, 403], [404, 511], [512, 578], [579, 662], [663, 763]], "first_sentence": "Generalized forces computed as the square of time derivatives in Lagrangian mechanics are named for this other force.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this play's opening, two cousins discuss the dispensation they need from a bishop in order to marry. This play's second act opens with four girls walking in on the main character and offering him eggs, butter, a boiled chicken, and a piece of cake. In this play, an offstage mule race which the protagonist wins is narrated by Jimmy and the Widow Quinn. At the end of this play, a mob puts a noose around the title character's neck, but he is saved by his father, whom he had claimed to have clubbed to death. Part of this play was performed in dumbshow during its premier at the Abbey Theater after crowds rioted in protest of its portrayal of peasants. For 10 points, Pegeen calls Christy Mahon the title phrase in what play by J. M. Synge?", "answer": "The Playboy of the Western World", "page": "The_Playboy_of_the_Western_World", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125660, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128052, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 251], [252, 356], [357, 512], [513, 657], [658, 745]], "first_sentence": "In this play's opening, two cousins discuss the dispensation they need from a bishop in order to marry.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Modules are distinguished from vector spaces because their scalar coefficients come from one of these structures. If a certain type of descending chain in one of these things terminates, then it is referred to as Artinian. If one of these things is a PID, then all ideals are generated by only one element. The set of polynomials with real coefficients is referred to as one of these things, because the product and sum of two polynomials is itself a polynomial. Real square matrices of a given dimension form a non-commutative example of these things. For 10 points, identify these algebraic structures, of which the integers are an example, which have addition and multiplication but do not require multiplicative inverses.", "answer": "commutative rings [anti-prompt on integral domain, unique factorization domain, UFD, principal ideal domain, PID, or Euclidean domain; do not accept or prompt on \"field\"] ", "page": "Commutative_ring", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125659, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128053, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 222], [223, 306], [307, 462], [463, 552], [553, 725]], "first_sentence": "Modules are distinguished from vector spaces because their scalar coefficients come from one of these structures.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Soldiers during this war sang the marching song \"Little Black Face.\" A man known as the \"Eagle of Harlem,\" Hubert Julian, headed an air force composed of three planes during this war. The occupation begun during this war was later opposed by the Gideon Force. This war was sparked by the shooting of several askaris during the construction of a fort in the Wal-Wal incident. One side of this war was secretly offered two thirds of another country in exchange for peace in the Hoare-Laval Pact. Mustard gas was used during this war by General Pietro Badoglio. The aggressor in this war sought to reverse the humiliating Treaty of Wuchale, which was signed decades earlier after its loss at the Battle of Adowa to Menelik II. For 10 points, name this conflict in which an African country under Haile Selassie was invaded by Benito Mussolini.", "answer": "Italian invasion of Ethiopia [or Second Italo-Ethiopian War; or obvious equivalents; accept Abyssinia for Ethiopia; prompt on partial answers] ", "page": "Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125658, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128054, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 183], [184, 259], [260, 374], [375, 493], [494, 558], [559, 723], [724, 839]], "first_sentence": "Soldiers during this war sang the marching song \"Little Black Face.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The attribution of this painting in the British Royal Collection was corrected by Theophile Thore, who nearly singlehandedly reintroduced its artist. Inspired by David Hockney's camera obscura thesis, Tim Jenison attempted to duplicate this painting in a 2013 film. The brightest object on the right side of this painting is a white porcelain pitcher on an elaborately draped table. The downward-slanted mirror in this painting reflects the tiled marble floor as well as a young girl in yellow, who is being supervised by a man carrying a stick. A tenor viol lies unused on the floor of this painting, whose title event takes place at the virginal. For 10 points, name this painting by Vermeer depicting a girl learning an instrument.", "answer": "The Music Lesson", "page": "The_Music_Lesson", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125657, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128055, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 265], [266, 382], [383, 545], [546, 648], [649, 734]], "first_sentence": "The attribution of this painting in the British Royal Collection was corrected by Theophile Thore, who nearly singlehandedly reintroduced its artist.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Three brothers that steal these objects escape from lightning-throwing ospreys by transforming into swans. The retrieval of these items is the first task that Lugh (LOO) assigns to the sons of Tuireann (TOOR-an). While cooking an ox over a fire, a god that angrily strikes an eagle with a stake is lifted into the air until he agrees to summon a keeper of these objects. A guardian of them is transformed into a nut and kidnapped while Thjazi (thee-AH-zee) is away. Absence of these items causes the Aesir to grow old until the return of their keeper, Idunn. Heracles takes the place of Atlas in holding up the heavens to obtain these objects for his eleventh labor. For 10 points, name this precious fruit grown in the Garden of the Hesperides.", "answer": "golden apples [or apples of the Hesperides until \"Hesperides\" is read; prompt on fruits until \"fruit\" is read; prompt on apples] ", "page": "Golden_apple", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125656, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128056, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 212], [213, 370], [371, 465], [466, 558], [559, 666], [667, 745]], "first_sentence": "Three brothers that steal these objects escape from lightning-throwing ospreys by transforming into swans.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One song by this musician contains the lyric \"the moon has met the sun,\" metaphorically describing love between races. That track, \"Eclipse,\" was released on \"Pre-Bird,\" later retitled to this musician \"Revisited.\" In New York, this musician cultivated a rotating ensemble called the Jazz Workshop. A stirring guitar solo strikes halfway through \"Track C - Group Dancers\" on one of his albums, which is reprised in \"Mode E - Single Solos and Group Dance.\" This musician, who released the albums The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady and Pithecanthropus Erectus, also composed the song \"Fables of Faubus\" on an album titled himself \"Ah Um.\" For 10 points, name this jazz double bassist who wrote the song \"Goodbye Pork Pie Hat.\"", "answer": "Charles Mingus [or Charles Mingus Jr.]", "page": "Charles_Mingus", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125655, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128057, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 214], [215, 298], [299, 454], [454, 455], [456, 630], [630, 637], [638, 725]], "first_sentence": "One song by this musician contains the lyric \"the moon has met the sun,\" metaphorically describing love between races.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "For a flat universe, this quantity results in a late contribution to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. Evidence for this quantity was provided by type Ia (one a) supernova with redshifts less than one that were fainter than expected while those at redshifts greater than one were brighter than expected. The value of this quantity predicted by quantum field theory is an unimaginable 120 orders of magnitude larger than the observed value. The standard model of cosmology is named for this quantity and cold dark matter. It was proposed as a fudge factor to allow a static solution for the equations of general relativity. It's the homogeneous energy density of space causing the acceleration of the universe's expansion, making it the best candidate for dark energy. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized lambda that Albert Einstein called his \"greatest blunder\".", "answer": "cosmological constant [or lambda until it is read; or dark energy or vacuum energy until \"homogeneous energy\" is read]", "page": "Cosmological_constant", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125654, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128058, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 304], [305, 440], [441, 521], [522, 623], [624, 768], [769, 872]], "first_sentence": "For a flat universe, this quantity results in a late contribution to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After this character asks his father if dying is hard, his father replies, \"I think it's pretty easy,\" and the narrator notes that this character \"felt quite sure that he would never die.\" This character finds and releases a black grasshopper before contemplating whether he should fish in the deeper waters of a swamp. As a boy, he watches his father use a jack-knife to perform a Caesarean section on a woman whose husband cuts his own throat with a razor. In another appearance, this character warns a Swedish prizefighter named Ole Andreson about the title pair of hit men looking for him. For 10 points, name this recurring character who appears in \"Indian Camp,\" \"Big Two-Hearted River,\" \"The Killers,\" and other stories by Ernest Hemingway.", "answer": "Nick Adams [or Nick Adams]", "page": "Nick_Adams_(character)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125653, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128059, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [187, 319], [320, 458], [459, 593], [594, 747]], "first_sentence": "After this character asks his father if dying is hard, his father replies, \"I think it's pretty easy,\" and the narrator notes that this character \"felt quite sure that he would never die.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A.R. Luria's empirical studies of modularity inspired the PASS theory of this concept, and John Carroll lent his three-stratum theory of it to a later collaboration with two other psychologists. This concept is actually eight different, mostly independent ones, according to Howard Gardner. Raven's Progressive Matrices are often used in tests for Charles Spearman's \"g-factor\" on this concept. This phenomenon is constantly increasing according to the Flynn effect. External forces that influence this quality were discussed in the book The Bell Curve. A Stanford-Binet test commonly measures this quality. For 10 points, identify this quality that is measured as a \"quotient.\"", "answer": "intelligence [or IQ or intelligence quotient until \"quotient\" is read]", "page": "Intelligence", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125652, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128060, "tokenizations": [[0, 194], [195, 290], [291, 394], [395, 466], [467, 553], [554, 607], [608, 678]], "first_sentence": "A.R. Luria's empirical studies of modularity inspired the PASS theory of this concept, and John Carroll lent his three-stratum theory of it to a later collaboration with two other psychologists.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Tobacco etch virus protease uses this amino acid as its catalytic nucleophile and has high homology to its serine protease PA clan-mates. Four residues of this amino acid are found in the binding center of HiPIPs. SECIS elements redefine UGA codons to translate a non-standard analogue of this amino acid. Residues of this amino acid may be isomerized by PDI. Ubiquinol is bound by Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase via the two histidines and two of this amino acid found in its Rieske center. With glutamate and glycine, this amino acid forms glutathione. It coordinates with 2Fe-2S clusters in iron-sulfur proteins using its thiol group. For 10 points, name this amino acid that is distinguished from methionine by its ability to form disulfide bonds.", "answer": "cysteine [or cys; or C] ", "page": "Cysteine", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125651, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128061, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 213], [214, 305], [306, 359], [360, 489], [490, 552], [553, 635], [636, 749]], "first_sentence": "Tobacco etch virus protease uses this amino acid as its catalytic nucleophile and has high homology to its serine protease PA clan-mates.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A Christy Moore song about Irish volunteers who fought in this war was inspired by a 1979 book by Michael O'Riordan. Just before the start of this conflict, outrage followed the summary execution of anyone who owned a gun in the town of Casas Viejas. The losing side of this war surrendered after Juan Negrim's government failed to recapture Tereul. International supporters of one side during this conflict fought in units named for James Connolly and Abraham Lincoln as part of the International Brigades. During this war, the German Condor Legion bombed the Basque town of Guernica. For 10 points, name this war where the Nationalist forces of Francisco Franco defeated the Second Republic of an Iberian nation.", "answer": "Spanish Civil War [or Guerra civil espanola]", "page": "Spanish_Civil_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125650, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128062, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 250], [251, 349], [350, 507], [508, 585], [586, 714]], "first_sentence": "A Christy Moore song about Irish volunteers who fought in this war was inspired by a 1979 book by Michael O'Riordan.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The first brewery in the United States founded by a female is found in this state's town of New Glarus, which still retains many elements of its Swiss heritage. The \"Ruby Slipper\" was invented by a farmer in this state for its cranberry industry, the largest in the United States. A cooking method known as \"fish boiling\" is prevalent on this state's eastern Door Peninsula. Pabst and Miller were both founded in this state's largest city. A clerk for a meat-packing company, Curly Lambeau, names a football stadium in this state. For 10 points, name this state known for its heavy production of cheese.", "answer": "Wisconsin", "page": "Wisconsin", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125649, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128063, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 280], [281, 374], [375, 439], [440, 530], [531, 603]], "first_sentence": "The first brewery in the United States founded by a female is found in this state's town of New Glarus, which still retains many elements of its Swiss heritage.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Two operations codenamed \"Provide Comfort\" sought to defend people of this ethnicity. The Soviet- sponsored Republic of Mahabad was a short-lived state for people of this ethnicity. Some people of this ethnicity practice a syncretic religion that worships the Peacock Angel, Melek Taus. Political leaders from this ethnicity include Mustafa and Masoud Barzani. A rebel group that supports a state for these people is the PKK. These people were massacred with chemical weapons at Halabja by the regime of Saddam Hussein. People of this ethnicity formed the peshmerga army, which still fights ISIS forces at cities such as Kirkuk. For 10 points, name this oft-oppressed ethnic group that lives in eastern Turkey and northern Iraq.", "answer": "Kurds [or Kurdish; anti-prompt on Yazidis]", "page": "Kurds", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125648, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128064, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 181], [182, 286], [287, 360], [361, 425], [426, 519], [520, 628], [629, 728]], "first_sentence": "Two operations codenamed \"Provide Comfort\" sought to defend people of this ethnicity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of this composer's symphonies ends with a rondo that quotes the song \"In Praise of Lofty Intellect\" and includes a second movement to be played \"with greatest vehemence.\" This composer's second symphony includes an alto setting of the song \"Primeval Light.\" A trumpet solo in C-sharp minor introduces the funeral march first movement of his fifth symphony, which includes a frequently excerpted Adagietto. His eighth symphony sets the final scene of Faust, Part II and the hymn \"Veni, Creator Spiritus,\" and is nicknamed for the very large orchestra needed to perform it. For 10 points, name this composer of the Resurrection Symphony and the Symphony of a Thousand.", "answer": "Gustav Mahler", "page": "Gustav_Mahler", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125647, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128065, "tokenizations": [[0, 74], [74, 173], [173, 260], [260, 261], [262, 409], [410, 575], [576, 670]], "first_sentence": "One of this composer's symphonies ends with a rondo that quotes the song \"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A story by this man ends with its dying protagonist experiencing a vision of running deer. In that story by him, a doctor looks out the bars of a window, seeing only a bone-charring factory and a prison, and tries to escape the title place, but is beaten by his caretaker and has a stroke. A debt-stricken man plans to kill the resident of his garden house near the end of a story by this man, whose experience as a physician informed his story about a mental asylum entitled \"Ward No. 6.\" This author wrote about a lawyer who agrees to receive two million rubles after 15 years of isolated confinement in one story, and about Dmitri Gurov's affair with Anna Sergeyevna in Yalta in another. For 10 points, name this Russian author of \"The Bet\" and \"The Lady with a Dog.\"", "answer": "Anton Chekhov [or Anton Pavlovich Chekhov] ", "page": "Anton_Chekhov", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125646, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128066, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 289], [290, 489], [490, 690], [691, 770]], "first_sentence": "A story by this man ends with its dying protagonist experiencing a vision of running deer.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A Platonic dialogue concerning this concept includes the anatomically-bizarre image of a \"wind egg\" deflating upon a failed childbirth after Socrates compares himself to a midwife for ideas. Plato's working definition of this idea is cited as a precursor to those of A.J. Ayer and Roderick Chisholm, as rebutted in a three-page 1963 paper. The idea that this concept is equivalent to \"perception\" is rejected in Plato's Theaetetus, which later tries to define it as \"belief with an account\" and \"true belief with an account.\" For 10 points, name this mental ability questioned in the only notable paper of Edmund Gettier, whose definition as \"justified true belief\" is mostly rejected by a subfield of philosophy that studies it called epistemology.", "answer": "knowledge [or episteme; accept justified true belief before \"perception\"]", "page": "Knowledge", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125645, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128067, "tokenizations": [[0, 190], [191, 339], [340, 524], [524, 749]], "first_sentence": "A Platonic dialogue concerning this concept includes the anatomically-bizarre image of a \"wind egg\" deflating upon a failed childbirth after Socrates compares himself to a midwife for ideas.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "n a novel by this writer, a woman describes folk songs as being \"the leitmotiv of her existence.\" In that novel written by this author, the protagonist realizes that the woman shaving his face is an old acquaintance named Lucie Sebetka. This author described the slow death of a dog from cancer in the final section of a novel in which a man compares the Communist Party to Oedipus. The statement \"Optimism is the opium of the people\" is written on a postcard to Marketa in a novel by this author primarily narrated by Ludvik. In this author's best-known novel, Tomas and Tereza move away from Prague. For 10 points, name this Czech-French author of The Joke and The Unbearable Lightness of Being.", "answer": "Milan Kundera", "page": "Milan_Kundera", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125644, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128068, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [96, 236], [237, 382], [383, 526], [527, 601], [602, 697]], "first_sentence": "n a novel by this writer, a woman describes folk songs as being \"the leitmotiv of her existence.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Po\u0301lya's extension of Carlson's theorem guarantees that some of these functions have the unit circle as their boundaries, or are rational. Pade\u0301 approximants are the ratio of two of these functions. A critical parameter of these functions is the limit superior as n goes to infinity of the value at n, raised to one over n, in the Cauchy- Hadamard theorem. By definition, a function is analytic if it can be written as one of these functions locally. The root test and ratio tests are applied to these functions to determine their radii of convergence. The simplest of these functions is equivalent to one over one minus x. For 10 points, name these infinite series containing all the exponents of a variable.", "answer": "power series [prompt on series; anti-prompt on Taylor series or Maclaurin series]", "page": "Power_series", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125643, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128069, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 198], [199, 356], [357, 450], [451, 552], [553, 623], [624, 709]], "first_sentence": "Po\u0301lya's extension of Carlson's theorem guarantees that some of these functions have the unit circle as their boundaries, or are rational.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A resident of this city who shot himself in the home of a famous composer argued Jews were inferior because they were the most feminized of men in Sex and Character. An editor of a newspaper here called it a \"proving ground for world destruction\" and promoted some of the theories of Otto Weininger. A member of a group here used \"Caesar is a prime number\" as an example of how natural languages can allow sentences truly logical ones would not. Karl Kraus edited Die Fackel here, where a group dismissed metaphysical discourse as unverifiable and thus meaningless. Moritz Schlick organized discussion of a book that describes reality as the logical space of elementary proportions, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. For 10 points, name this home of Ludwig Wittgenstein that names a \"Circle\" of Logical Positivists.", "answer": "Vienna [or Wien]", "page": "Vienna", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125642, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128070, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 299], [300, 445], [446, 565], [566, 718], [719, 817]], "first_sentence": "A resident of this city who shot himself in the home of a famous composer argued Jews were inferior because they were the most feminized of men in Sex and Character.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A high-class character created by this author writes the unpublished \"Thirty Years of Misrule,\" the manuscript of which is used for gun wadding. Another character created by this author gets engaged to Antonia Avellanos, but kills himself in isolation on an island where a lighthouse is built after his death. This author created the island Grand Isabel and the city of Sulaco, which is threatened by General Pedro Montero. The absurdity of a ship firing into a continent is described by a character this author introduced in the short story \"Youth.\" Aboard the Nellie, that character narrates a novella in which he travels up the Congo River to find the dying ivory trader Kurtz. For 10 points, name this Polish-British author of Nostromo and Heart of Darkness.", "answer": "Joseph Conrad [or Jozef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski]", "page": "Joseph_Conrad", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125641, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128071, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 309], [310, 423], [424, 550], [551, 680], [681, 762]], "first_sentence": "A high-class character created by this author writes the unpublished \"Thirty Years of Misrule,\" the manuscript of which is used for gun wadding.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An aberrant subclavian artery distinguishes dysphagia lusoria from the dysphagia aortica caused by this condition. Treatment for it includes endovascular coiling. Tuberculous cavities in the lung can involve a form of this condition named after Rasmussen. Tertiary-stage syphilis can obliterate the vasa vasorum, causing this condition due to elastin and smooth muscle deterioration in the tunica adventitia. The bifurcation of the circle of Willis is the site of its \"berry\" form, the most common cerebral type of this condition, which can result in strokes and subarachnoid hemorrhages. Marfan syndrome predisposes one to a dissection of its ascending aortic type. For 10 points, name this condition in which a blood vessel wall balloons out and which can cause death upon rupture.", "answer": "aneurysm [or cerebral aneurysm; or thoracic aortic aneurysm; or ascending aortic aneurysm; or abdominal aneurysm; or berry aneurysm; or saccular aneurysm]", "page": "Aneurysm", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125640, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128072, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 162], [163, 255], [256, 408], [409, 588], [589, 666], [667, 783]], "first_sentence": "An aberrant subclavian artery distinguishes dysphagia lusoria from the dysphagia aortica caused by this condition.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The unmeasured prelude is a genre that was popularized in this country, which lends its name to a B minor keyboard suite that ends with an eighth-movement \"Echo.\" A harpsichord suite from this country ends with six variations on an A minor gavotte. A composer from this country wrote the piece \"The Mysterious Barricades\" and authored The Art of Playing the Harpsichord. A symphony from this country begins its third movement with a melody played by an English horn and an offstage oboe to depict a \"Scene in the Fields,\" and ends with a \"Dream of a Witches' Sabbath\" that reprises the \"ide\u0301e fixe\" melody. For 10 points, name this country home to the composer of Symphonie Fantastique, as well as Jean-Philippe Rameau and Francois Couperin.", "answer": "France [or French Republic; or French; or Republique Francaise]", "page": "France", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125639, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128073, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 248], [249, 370], [371, 606], [607, 741]], "first_sentence": "The unmeasured prelude is a genre that was popularized in this country, which lends its name to a B minor keyboard suite that ends with an eighth-movement \"Echo.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the early stages of this painting's creation, a vole was included but constantly misidentified by viewers, leaving a red robin to be the only animal in the finished work. To accurately portray the scenery in this painting, the artist spent months next to the Hogsmill River. Some people claim to see a skull within the foliage on the right side of this painting. The artist of this painting paid a doctor's fee after the model became sick. Lamps below a tub were the only source of warmth for Elizabeth Siddall in modelling this painting's title character. In this painting, a woman stares upward while drowning in a river in Denmark. For 10 points, name this painting by John Everett Millais, which depicts a female character from Hamlet.", "answer": "Ophelia", "page": "Ophelia", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125638, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128074, "tokenizations": [[0, 173], [174, 277], [278, 365], [366, 442], [443, 559], [560, 637], [638, 742]], "first_sentence": "In the early stages of this painting's creation, a vole was included but constantly misidentified by viewers, leaving a red robin to be the only animal in the finished work.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These places were the subject of techniques such as \"the Silent Death\" and \"Peaceful Penetration.\" Residents of these places were referred to as PBIs in a satirical newspaper published in one of them, The Wipers Times. Tony Ashworth described how a \"Live and let live\" system characterized life in these places, where a ritual called the \"morning hate\" was practiced. Inhabitants of these places engaged in an impromptu soccer game during the Christmas Truce. Many of these places were created during the \"race to the sea.\" Duckboards and boots designed by John Pershing were used in these places to combat a gangrenous foot condition common in them. The area separating these locations was called No Man's Land. For 10 points, name these barbed-wire- topped fortifications used during World War I.", "answer": "trenches [or No Man's Lands until \"Residents\" is read]", "page": "Trench", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125636, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128076, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [97, 218], [219, 367], [368, 459], [460, 522], [522, 523], [524, 650], [651, 712], [713, 798]], "first_sentence": "These places were the subject of techniques such as \"the Silent Death\" and \"Peaceful Penetration.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A recent event in this city was headed by Manuel Pulgar-Vidal. This city's slums, known as \"young towns,\" are concentrated in this city's Hill of Amancias. A wealthy district in this city, home to the adobe Pucllana Temple and the seaside park of El Maleco\u0301n, is given the designation \"heroic city\" for being the site of a defeat in the War of the Pacific. This city was the site of the 2014 United Nations Climate Conference and is home to the Miraflores District. This city, along with its seaport of Callao, obtains its drinking water from the Ri\u0301mac River. Beans cultivated by the Moche culture eventually became known by this city's name. For 10 points, name this city founded by Francisco Pizarro, the capital of Peru.", "answer": "Lima", "page": "Lima", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125635, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128077, "tokenizations": [[0, 62], [63, 155], [156, 356], [357, 465], [466, 560], [561, 643], [644, 724]], "first_sentence": "A recent event in this city was headed by Manuel Pulgar-Vidal.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The first ruler of this dynasty was so terrified by a bolt of lightning that he abdicated his throne and spent the rest of his life in Stoudios Monastery. Until his defeat by Richard the Lionheart, a member of this dynasty ruled the island of Crete. A branch of this dynasty, after being forced from power, founded and ruled the much smaller Empire of Trebizond. A woman named Anna compiled a history of the most prominent member of this dynasty, who lost the Battle of Dyrrhachium to Robert Guiscard but was more successful in controlling the leaders of the First Crusade. For 10 points, name this dynasty of Byzantine Emperors, which conducted its namesake \"restoration\" under Alexios I.", "answer": "Komnenos [or the Komnenid dynasty]", "page": "Komnenos", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125634, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128078, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 249], [250, 362], [363, 573], [574, 689]], "first_sentence": "The first ruler of this dynasty was so terrified by a bolt of lightning that he abdicated his throne and spent the rest of his life in Stoudios Monastery.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Olivier Blanchard and Mark Watson showed how these phenomena can occur among rational actors if the transversality condition does not hold. A 1720 law in England tried to prevent these phenomena by outlawing all unchartered joint-stock companies. Vernon Smith's experiments studying these things found they continued to exist even when subjects were completely informed. An example of these phenomena occurred when John Law sold stock for his Mississippi Company. Robert Walpole became prime minister during a financial crisis caused by the aftermath of one of these. A high P/E ratio may be evidence for them. One of these phenomena existed in the US housing market before 2007, and the \"dot-com\" one ended in the early 2000s. For 10 points, name these phenomena in which an asset's price greatly exceeds its fundamental value until a \"burst.\"", "answer": "bubbles", "page": "Economic_bubble", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125633, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128079, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 246], [247, 370], [371, 463], [464, 567], [568, 610], [611, 727], [728, 844]], "first_sentence": "Olivier Blanchard and Mark Watson showed how these phenomena can occur among rational actors if the transversality condition does not hold.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A man who held this post left his wife for a chorus girl named Betty Compton and resigned from office after the Hofstadter Committee's investigations. That man who held this post was known as \"Beau James\" or by his real name of Jimmy Walker. Several reform minded people to hold this post, such as Seth Low in 1903, were mocked by George Washington Plunkitt in the latter's political memoir. It was held in the 1930's by a man, who while a Congressman, had previously sponsored a labor bill with George Norris. For 10 points, name this position held for 12 years by Fiorello La Guardia, a vigorous opponent of the Tammany Hall political machine.", "answer": "Mayor of New York City", "page": "Mayor_of_New_York_City", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125632, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128080, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 241], [242, 391], [392, 510], [511, 645]], "first_sentence": "A man who held this post left his wife for a chorus girl named Betty Compton and resigned from office after the Hofstadter Committee's investigations.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The desire to gain the approval of this man leads to a meditation on whether the pain of \"un espuela de hueso\" is as painful as the pain cocks feel in cockfighting. This man is said to do all things perfectly even with \"the bone spur in his heel.\" An admirer of this man wonders whether this person was as poor as him and states that he would like to take this man fishing, since this man's father was a fisherman, in contrast to the father of the great Sisler. A boy is told to think of this \"great\" man after that boy, Manolin, says that he fears \"the Indians of Cleveland.\" For 10 points, name this man adored by Santiago in Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea, an outfielder for the New York Yankees.", "answer": "Joe DiMaggio [or Joseph Paul DiMaggio; or Giuseppe Paolo DiMaggio]", "page": "Joe_DiMaggio", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125631, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128081, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 247], [248, 461], [462, 575], [575, 711]], "first_sentence": "The desire to gain the approval of this man leads to a meditation on whether the pain of \"un espuela de hueso\" is as painful as the pain cocks feel in cockfighting.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A scene from of this opera takes place against a black background and consists of a long horizontal bar of white light being slowly raised to vertical, and then lifted up out of the stage. This opera's instrumentation consists of three woodwind players, two electric organists, and one violinist. Near its very end, a bus driver declares \"The day with its cares and perplexities is ended and the night is now upon us.\" This opera uses a chorus that exclusively counts beats and sings solfege, and contains scenes such as \"Bed,\" \"Train,\" and \"Trial.\" This opera forms a trilogy with the operas Satyagraha and Akhnaten, and features five intermezzos called \"knee plays.\" For 10 points, name this minimalist opera by Philip Glass named for a physicist.", "answer": "Einstein on the Beach ", "page": "Einstein_on_the_Beach", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125629, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128083, "tokenizations": [[0, 188], [189, 296], [297, 418], [419, 548], [548, 668], [669, 749]], "first_sentence": "A scene from of this opera takes place against a black background and consists of a long horizontal bar of white light being slowly raised to vertical, and then lifted up out of the stage.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A resident of this city dreams of visiting a dark theater where red words appear on the walls, demanding that he surrender his foreign money. At an event in this city inspired by a party thrown by US Ambassador William Bullitt, \"Spectacles Commission\" employee Baron Meigel is killed so that guests can drink his blood. On a turnstile in this city, a bottle of sunflower oil breaks, and a man slips on the oil and gets decapitated by a tram. A novel set in this city abruptly shifts to first-century Jerusalem on the eve of Jesus's trial. This city is home to the literary society MASSOLIT, whose members are attacked by the fanged hitman Azazello and the black cat Behemoth. For 10 points, name this capital city visited by the devil Woland in Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita.", "answer": "Moscow [or Moskva", "page": "Moscow", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125628, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128084, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 319], [320, 441], [442, 538], [539, 675], [676, 781]], "first_sentence": "A resident of this city dreams of visiting a dark theater where red words appear on the walls, demanding that he surrender his foreign money.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This quantity equals one plus the quantity c over pi, times the Cauchy principal value of an integral whose numerator contains the absorption coefficient. This quantity measured at the D, F, and C Fraunhofer lines is used to calculate the Abbe number. In anomalous dispersion, this quantity decreases as frequency increases. Neglecting any imaginary component, the real part of this quantity is the square root of the dielectric constant. This quantity multiplies sines and cosines of incident angles in the Fresnel equations, and a ratio of it is used to define the critical angle. It equals the velocity of light in a medium over the speed of light. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to 1.67 for glass and symbolized n.", "answer": "index of refraction [or refractive index; or n until it is read] ", "page": "Refractive_index", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125627, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128085, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 251], [252, 324], [325, 438], [439, 582], [583, 651], [652, 727]], "first_sentence": "This quantity equals one plus the quantity c over pi, times the Cauchy principal value of an integral whose numerator contains the absorption coefficient.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In response to this event, a man claimed \"not even death will stop the avalanche that is coming\" before attending a rally for his country's Independent Liberal Party. The FBI placed a woman connected to it in protective custody after she claimed that being a \"female Muslim whistleblower\" is what \"really pisses off\" extremists. Fikile Mbalula denied any wrongdoing in this event, despite statements by Chuck Blazer. In response to this event, Jack Warner held up a copy of an Onion article in a YouTube video. This event included the accusation that Qatar paid millions in bribes, and it resulted in the resignation of Sepp Blatter. For 10 points, name this 2015 investigation into the corrupt practices of an organization that organizes the World Cup.", "answer": "2015 FIFA scandal [or 2015 Federation Internationale de Football Association scandal; or 2015 International Federation of Association Football scandal]", "page": "2015_FIFA_corruption_case", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125626, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128086, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [167, 328], [329, 416], [417, 510], [511, 633], [634, 753]], "first_sentence": "In response to this event, a man claimed \"not even death will stop the avalanche that is coming\" before attending a rally for his country's Independent Liberal Party.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A ternary solvus involving the orthorhombic and monoclinic forms of this mineral group is used to determine the temperature of formation of high-grade metamorphic rocks. The most important members of this mineral group for that purpose are pigeonite, augite, and enstatite. These minerals are mostly of the form X, Y, Si-2, O-6, where X is sodium or calcium and Y is magnesium, iron, or aluminum. They are single chain inosilicates, as opposed to the hydroxyl-containing, double chain inosilicates of the amphibole group. Peridotite, the dominant rock in the mantle, contains a high proportion of the \"ortho\" and \"clino\" forms of this mineral group. For 10 points, name this mineral group that, with olivine, constitutes most of the mantle and is also common in basalt and gabbro.", "answer": "pyroxenes [or Px]", "page": "Pyroxene", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125625, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128087, "tokenizations": [[0, 169], [170, 273], [274, 357], [358, 396], [397, 521], [522, 649], [650, 780]], "first_sentence": "A ternary solvus involving the orthorhombic and monoclinic forms of this mineral group is used to determine the temperature of formation of high-grade metamorphic rocks.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An attack on a port in this present-day country began Operation Catapult and was followed up by a failed raid on Dakar. An event in this country was used as justification at Jean Bastien-Thiry's trial for an attempted assassination. This country's first president was placed under house arrest after a coup led by Houari Boumedienne (oo-AH-ree boom-dee-EN). Colonial loyalists during this country's war of independence included harkis and pied-noirs. Following that war, Ahmed Ben Bella became this country's first president. The Evian Accords, signed by this country's FLN and representatives of Charles de Gaulle, guaranteed its independence. For 10 points, name this large north African country once controlled by France.", "answer": "Algeria [or People's Democratic Republic of Algeria; or Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah] ", "page": "Algeria", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125624, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128088, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 232], [233, 357], [358, 450], [451, 525], [526, 644], [645, 724]], "first_sentence": "An attack on a port in this present-day country began Operation Catapult and was followed up by a failed raid on Dakar.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Malignant tumors often express higher levels of the AgNOR proteins found in this structure. Barbara McClintock was the first to describe this structure's formation around a namesake organizer region. A hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail motif containing ANANNA and ACA consensus sequences is found in a molecule specific to this structure called box H-slash-ACA, which guides pseudouridylation. The granular region encapsulates its fibrillar and dense fibrillar centers. This structure's snoRNAs process the rRNA transcribed within it. It is typically spherical and stains darker than the surrounding nucleoplasm. For 10 points, name this structure that synthesizes ribosomes and is found in the nucleus.", "answer": "nucleolus [prompt on nucleus before \"organizer\" is read]", "page": "Nucleolus", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125623, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128089, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 199], [200, 386], [387, 462], [463, 527], [528, 605], [606, 696]], "first_sentence": "Malignant tumors often express higher levels of the AgNOR proteins found in this structure.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The author of this book critiques complicated definitions by imagining a Dutchman defining the word \"beweeginge\" as \"actus entis in potentia quantenus in potentia.\" Its second book refers to an Indian philosopher who said the world rested on an elephant resting on a turtle resting on an unknown body to describe our understanding of \"substance.\" This book's author distinguishes simple ideas from complex ones, and argues that objects have both primary and secondary qualities. In its first book, the author refutes the theory of innate qualities and compares the mind of man to a tabula rasa. For 10 points, name this study on the origins and nature of knowledge by John Locke.", "answer": "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ", "page": "An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understanding", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125622, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128090, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [163, 164], [165, 345], [345, 346], [347, 478], [479, 594], [595, 679]], "first_sentence": "The author of this book critiques complicated definitions by imagining a Dutchman defining the word \"beweeginge\" as \"actus entis in potentia quantenus in potentia.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Some of these substances such as EPTC prevent kaurene formation by inhibiting GGPP cyclization. They're not diabetes drugs, but acetolactate synthase is inhibited by a substituted urea group of these substances called sulfonylureas. Variant EPSPS genes provide resistance to a type of these compounds derived from a strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The phenoxy class of these substances act as analogs of IAA and include 2,4- D and 2,4,5-T, which can be contaminated with dioxins. Those postemergence examples of these substances overstimulate ethylene production and cause unsustainable growth by mimicking auxins in dicots. For 10 points, name these commercial chemicals such as Agent Orange and Roundup that are used to kill weeds.", "answer": "herbicides [or defoliants; or weedkillers until \"kill weeds\" is read] ", "page": "Herbicide", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125621, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128091, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 232], [233, 352], [353, 484], [485, 629], [630, 738]], "first_sentence": "Some of these substances such as EPTC prevent kaurene formation by inhibiting GGPP cyclization.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a poem by this writer, the refrain \"Children dear, was it yesterday?\" is repeated by the speaker, who calls, \"Margaret! Margaret!\" This poet wrote about a man who, \"tired of knocking at preferment's door, roamed the world with that wild brotherhood,\" and lamented \"this strange disease of modern life\" in a poem inspired by a tale from Joseph Glanvill's The Vanity of Dogmatizing. This author of \"The Forsaken Merman\" coined the modern usage of the word \"Philistine\" in his major work of criticism. The speaker of another of his poems notes that \"Sophocles long ago heard it on the Aegean\" before exclaiming, \"Ah, love, let us be true to one another!\" For 10 points, name this author of \"The Scholar Gipsy,\" Culture and Anarchy, and \"Dover Beach.\"", "answer": "Matthew Arnold", "page": "Matthew_Arnold", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125620, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128092, "tokenizations": [[0, 71], [71, 122], [123, 133], [134, 383], [384, 501], [502, 654], [655, 750]], "first_sentence": "In a poem by this writer, the refrain \"Children dear, was it yesterday?", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This city banned the sale of alcohol in response to a riot that erupted over the death of a construction worker in Little India. A man known as \"the Messiah\" hacked the webpages of a community foundation in this city, as well as a blog post published by its Straits Times. A complex in this city was constructed to look like a left hand from above, with the Fountain of Wealth making up its palm. People leaving this city via causeway arrive at the Sultan Iskandar Building, a checkpoint in Johor Bahru. This city still uses caning as a method of corporal punishment. Concerns over subway door sensors led this city to ban the sale of chewing gum. For 10 points, name this city-state found at the tip of the Malay peninsula.", "answer": "Singapore [or Republic of Singapore; or Republik Singapura] ", "page": "Singapore", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125619, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128093, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 272], [273, 396], [397, 503], [504, 567], [568, 647], [648, 724]], "first_sentence": "This city banned the sale of alcohol in response to a riot that erupted over the death of a construction worker in Little India.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character is described as having a \"sharp and biting way with hypocrites,\" and is said to be the type of man in whose presence \"a fool felt his foolishness instantly.\" After being asked to say \"a soft word,\" this man swears that he will cut off his hand before touching a girl whom he calls \"Child.\" Near the end of the play he appears in, this man argues that \"God does not need my name nailed upon the church!\" When asked to recite the Ten Commandments, this man only forgets the one about adultery. Ezekiel Cheever enters this man's house to look for poppets owned by his wife, who is accused of witchcraft by Abigail Williams. For 10 points, name this husband of Elizabeth, a resident of Salem in The Crucible.", "answer": "John Proctor [or John Proctor]", "page": "John_Proctor_(historian)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125618, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128094, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 304], [305, 417], [418, 506], [507, 635], [636, 719]], "first_sentence": "This character is described as having a \"sharp and biting way with hypocrites,\" and is said to be the type of man in whose presence \"a fool felt his foolishness instantly.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "It's not trivial, but the module generated by the empty set is referred to by this word, and is the identity of modules under direct product. In a field, the object referred to by this word is the only one that does not have a multiplicative inverse. This word describes the image of the kernel of a linear transformation. The Riemann hypothesis is about the nature of numbers which output this value when input into the zeta function. When this number is taken as a polynomial, it has degree negative infinity, though other constants considered as polynomials have degree equal to this number. The y-intercept of a function is its value at this x-coordinate. For 10 points, the roots of a polynomial are where it takes on what value?", "answer": "zero", "page": "0", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125617, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128095, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 250], [251, 322], [323, 435], [436, 594], [595, 659], [660, 734]], "first_sentence": "It's not trivial, but the module generated by the empty set is referred to by this word, and is the identity of modules under direct product.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In syntax, this letter denotes \"thematic roles\" such as agent, experiencer, source, and goal, which are assigned by verbs to nouns in a namesake \"grid.\" The sound denoted in IPA by this letter emerged in Germanic languages as a sound shift from voiceless dental stops in the last stage described by Grimm's Law. In the International Phonetic Alphabet and the alphabet from which it originated, this letter now denotes a voiceless dental fricative. Originally derived from a Phoenician letter resembling a wheel, this letter has a value of 9 in Greek numerals. For 10 points, name this consonant found before iota in the Greek alphabet, which represents in one letter a sound that English requires two consonants to spell.", "answer": "theta [or theta-roles; or theta-grid] ", "page": "Theta", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125616, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128096, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 311], [312, 447], [448, 559], [560, 721]], "first_sentence": "In syntax, this letter denotes \"thematic roles\" such as agent, experiencer, source, and goal, which are assigned by verbs to nouns in a namesake \"grid.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At the request of his mother, this king built a castle for unmarried daughters of the nobility at Quedlinburg. Archbishop William of Mainz oversaw the compilation of a liturgical book commissioned by this king, the Romano-German Pontifical. This man was assisted in one battle by a son-in-law whose death was related in a chronicle by Widukind of Corvey. After Conrad the Red helped him to defeat the chieftains Bulcsu, Lel and Sur, this king married his son to the Byzantine princess Theopanu. This son of Henry the Fowler defeated the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld. For 10 points, name this German crowned by Pope John XII as the first Holy Roman Emperor.", "answer": "Otto the Great [or Otto I; prompt on Otto]", "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125615, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128097, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 240], [241, 354], [355, 494], [495, 571], [572, 661]], "first_sentence": "At the request of his mother, this king built a castle for unmarried daughters of the nobility at Quedlinburg.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During a masked ball in the final scene of this opera's Act I, the orchestra plays a minuet in 3/4 time as two onstage ensembles simultaneously play a \"contradance\" in 2/4 time and a waltz in 3/8 time. A peasant wedding in this opera features a duettino whose two singers come together on the words \"Let's go, let's go, my love!\" In this opera, Anna and Elvira swear vengeance on the title character, who sings the duet \"La\u0300 ci darem la mano\" with Zerlina and has his sexual exploits recounted in Leporello's \"Catalogue Aria.\" At the end of this opera, the title character is dragged to hell by a statue of the Commendatore, whom he murdered at the start of the opera. For 10 points, name this Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart opera about a seducer.", "answer": "Don Giovanni [or The Rake Punished, or Don Giovanni; or Il dissoluto punito, ossia il Don Giovanni]", "page": "Don_Giovanni", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125614, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128098, "tokenizations": [[0, 201], [202, 300], [300, 329], [330, 424], [425, 525], [525, 668], [669, 740]], "first_sentence": "During a masked ball in the final scene of this opera's Act I, the orchestra plays a minuet in 3/4 time as two onstage ensembles simultaneously play a \"contradance\" in 2/4 time and a waltz in 3/8 time.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man opened one text by distinguishing society, which promotes well-being positively by uniting affections, from government, which works negatively to restrain vices. James Chalmers used the pseudonym Candidus to rebut writings by this man, who was tried in absentia for libel against Edmund Burke for a work sharply critical of Reflections on the Revolution in France. This man wrote that \"Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered.\" Before writing The Rights of Man, he claimed that it is unreasonable for an island to rule a whole continent apart from itself and that \"These are the times that try men's souls\". For 10 points, name this author whose pamphlets The American Crisis and Common Sense supported American independence.", "answer": "Thomas Paine", "page": "Thomas_Paine", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125613, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128099, "tokenizations": [[0, 170], [171, 373], [374, 440], [441, 620], [621, 738]], "first_sentence": "This man opened one text by distinguishing society, which promotes well-being positively by uniting affections, from government, which works negatively to restrain vices.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote a story in which a hospitalized motorcyclist intermittently dreams of being a sacrificial victim. The protagonist of a novel by him barricades himself in a room filled with traps consisting of yarn and basins of water to protect himself from a circus worker. While walking along the Seine, the protagonist of another story by this author observes a woman seducing a teenage boy, and then enlarges a photograph he takes of the scene. He wrote a novel in which the protagonist confuses Talita, the wife of Traveler, with La Maga, a member of the bohemian Serpent Club. That book by him is about Horacio Oliveira, contains 99 expendable chapters, and can be read nonlinearly. For 10 points, name this Argentine author of Hopscotch.", "answer": "Julio Cortazar [or Julio Florencio Cortazar]", "page": "Julio_Cort\u00e1zar", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125612, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128100, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 276], [277, 450], [451, 584], [585, 690], [691, 746]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote a story in which a hospitalized motorcyclist intermittently dreams of being a sacrificial victim.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At this location, a teenager named Liz Seccuro found out the name of Will Beebe by flipping through his mail. Investigations of this location could not find anyone named \"Haven Monahan,\" whose forwarded love letters seem to be plagiarized from the show Dawson's Creek. An article about this place is bracketed with lyrics from the song \"Rugby Road,\" which urges listeners to \"fill up your cups, your loving cups\" and claims \"all the first-year women are morally uptight.\" Sabrina Erdely wrote about this place by telling the story of \"Jackie,\" who claimed to be viciously assaulted by the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity house. For 10 points, name this university that was the subject of the now retracted Rolling Stone article \"A Rape on Campus.\"", "answer": "University of Virginia [prompt on Phi Kappa Psi fraternity house]", "page": "University_of_Virginia", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125611, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128101, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 268], [269, 471], [472, 620], [621, 740]], "first_sentence": "At this location, a teenager named Liz Seccuro found out the name of Will Beebe by flipping through his mail.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Violence against Native Americans during this event culminated in the Bridge Gulch Massacre. During this event, devices such as the Long Tom were used extensively for the first time. The land where this event began was granted to its owner by Juan Alvarado, the local governor, and was known as New Helvetia. Samuel Brannan started this event by being very indiscreet with a discovery that was made by James W. Marshall. A massive influx of prospectors ruined the lands of John Sutter during this event, causing him to go bankrupt. For 10 points, name this event in which \"forty-niners\" descended upon a newly acquired American territory in search of a precious metal.", "answer": "California Gold Rush [or Gold Rush of 1849; prompt on the Gold Rush]", "page": "California_Gold_Rush", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125610, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128102, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 182], [183, 308], [309, 420], [421, 531], [532, 668]], "first_sentence": "Violence against Native Americans during this event culminated in the Bridge Gulch Massacre.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During his country's lustration period, this leader was accused of having informed to the SB secret police with the pseudonym \"Bolek.\" This leader often threatened to dissolve parliament after it was won in 1993 by a coalition of the Peasants' Party and the Democratic Left Alliance. A list of 21 demands, including the application of Convention 87, was made by a group that this man led after he climbed over a fence to join them. This man negotiated in the Round Table Talks with Wojciech Jaruzelski's regime. In response to the firing of Anna Walentynowicz, this electrician led Lenin Shipyard workers in protest to form a labor union in Gdansk. For 10 points, name this founder of Solidarity and first democratically elected President of Poland.", "answer": "Lech Walesa (va-WEN-za)", "page": "Lech_Wa\u0142\u0119sa", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125608, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128104, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [133, 283], [284, 431], [432, 511], [512, 648], [649, 749]], "first_sentence": "During his country's lustration period, this leader was accused of having informed to the SB secret police with the pseudonym \"Bolek.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Placidus Fixlmillner calculated the orbit of this object based on data collected by John Flamsteed and Tobias Mayer. Anders Lexell computed the orbit of this entity and mathematically proved it was not a comet. Because of its limb darkening, the radius of this object was not correctly calculated until its 1977 stellar occultation. Like the asteroid Ceres, the existence of this planet was predicted by the empirical Titius-Bode law. A sea of water and ammonia gives rise to its magnetic field, which is unusual for not originating from its interior. William Herschel discovered this planet, whose moons include Titania and Umbriel. For 10 points, name this tilted gas giant between Neptune and Saturn.", "answer": "Uranus", "page": "Uranus", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125607, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128105, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 210], [211, 332], [333, 434], [435, 551], [552, 633], [634, 703]], "first_sentence": "Placidus Fixlmillner calculated the orbit of this object based on data collected by John Flamsteed and Tobias Mayer.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "As in nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing occurs in these substances, because the Hamiltonian of their wavefunctions includes a term for the wavefunction amplitude squared, times the wavefunction. The critical density for these substances includes a constant factor of the zeta function of three-halves. The expected particle number is proportional to the exponential of non-dimensionalized energy, minus one, in these substances. They form if the de Broglie thermal wavelength becomes larger than the interatomic distance. NIST first produced one using rubidium atoms. For 10 points, name these collections of integer-spin particles that collapse into a single quantum state at very low temperatures, the so-called \"fifth state\" of matter.", "answer": "Bose-Einstein condensates [or BE condensates; or BECs]", "page": "Bose\u2013Einstein_condensate", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125606, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128106, "tokenizations": [[0, 195], [196, 302], [303, 429], [430, 522], [523, 568], [569, 739]], "first_sentence": "As in nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing occurs in these substances, because the Hamiltonian of their wavefunctions includes a term for the wavefunction amplitude squared, times the wavefunction.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This type of event titles a piece whose G minor Allegro ridicolo movement quotes \"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star\" in its middle section. An overture on this subject is the most famous piece in Dvorak's trilogy Nature, Life, and Love. This event is the subject of a piano piece that ends with a \"March of the Davidsbu\u0308ndler against the Philistines,\" and uses a recurring \"A, E-flat, C, B\" motif also found in the movements \"Eusebius\" and \"Florestan.\" Besides that Robert Schumann piece, a musical depiction of one of these events quotes the composer's own Danse Macabre in the movement \"Fossils,\" which follows movements such as \"The Elephant.\" For 10 points, name this event which titles a Camille Saint-Saens piece about animals.", "answer": "carnivals [or carnavals; or Karnevals; or The Carnival of the Animals; or Le carnaval des animaux; or Carnaval]", "page": "Carnival", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125605, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128107, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 232], [233, 448], [449, 642], [643, 729]], "first_sentence": "This type of event titles a piece whose G minor Allegro ridicolo movement quotes \"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star\" in its middle section.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel has a statue built of an old servant whom he had angrily killed with a lantern. In this novel, the protagonist plans to free a woman from prison by having her brought to the Putrid Pits in a coffin. In this novel, a Greek merchant with two missing fingers is killed by a bear on the orders of a man nicknamed \"Bronzebeard.\" At the climax of this novel, the giant Ursus grips the horns of a charging bull and breaks its neck. In this novel, a character known as the \"arbiter of elegance,\" Petronius, owns a Christian slave girl named Ligeia with whom the protagonist, Marcus Vinicius, falls in love. For 10 points, name this \"Narrative of the Time of Nero,\" a biblically-titled novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz.", "answer": "Quo Vadis: A Narrative of the Time of Nero", "page": "Quo_Vadis_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125604, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128108, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 224], [225, 349], [350, 450], [451, 624], [625, 731]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel has a statue built of an old servant whom he had angrily killed with a lantern.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A woman from this kingdom swallows a butterfly sent a thousand years forward in time by a jealous witch. A king of this region grows so angry at hearing about Jesus's death that his head explodes. Because a pregnant woman from this region is forced to race against some horses, she curses the men of this kingdom to suffer labor pains in their hour of greatest need. A hero from this kingdom curses his infant son to never reveal his name or refuse a duel and later straps himself to a tall rock as he is killed by Lugaid's men. This province's king Conchobar mac Nessa fails to lead it against the warriors of Connacht during the Cattle Raid of Cooley. For 10 points, name this Irish province which titles a mythic cycle about Cu\u0301 Chulainn.", "answer": "Ulster [or Ulaidh; or Cu\u0301ige Uladh; prompt on Ireland] ", "page": "Ulster", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 125603, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 128109, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 196], [197, 366], [367, 528], [529, 653], [654, 741]], "first_sentence": "A woman from this kingdom swallows a butterfly sent a thousand years forward in time by a jealous witch.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Several characters in this novel are engaged in a lawsuit over a scheme in which the bones of American soldiers recovered from Lago di Pieta were used to make special charcoal. A society dedicated to a Confederate captain who clashed with the Russian Navy, Peter Pinguid, is revealed to this novel's protagonist at a bar called The Scope by Mike Fallopian. The protagonist attends a production of Richard (*) Wharfinger's play The Courier's Tragedy in this novel, in which a recurring muted post-horn symbol points to the existence of an underground postal service called Trystero. Its protagonist travels to San Narciso after being named executor of Pierce Inverarity's estate. For 10 points, name this postmodern tale about Oedipa Maas, the shortest novel by Thomas Pynchon.", "answer": "The Crying of Lot 49 ", "page": "The_Crying_of_Lot_49", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124447, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129261, "tokenizations": [[0, 176], [177, 356], [357, 581], [582, 678], [679, 776]], "first_sentence": "Several characters in this novel are engaged in a lawsuit over a scheme in which the bones of American soldiers recovered from Lago di Pieta were used to make special charcoal.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Many members of the court of a ruler of this dynasty perished while crossing a wooden gallery from a cathedral to a palace, prompting the ruler to come up with a plan for succession called the Ordinatio imperii. The Latin alphabet was standardized for literate classes by a script known as this dynasty's namesake \"miniscule.\" The Spanish Marches were set up as a buffer zone by a ruler of this dynasty who employed the historian (*) Paul the Deacon. Two rulers of this dynasty exchanged the Oaths of Strasbourg, excluding their brother Lothair. The son of the first king of this dynasty, Pepin the Short, defeated the Lombards and was crowned \"Emperor of the Romans\" on Christmas Day, 800. For 10 points, name this Frankish dynasty whose rulers include Charlemagne.", "answer": "Carolingian dynasty [or Carlovingians; or Carolings; or Karlings] ", "page": "Carolingian_dynasty", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124446, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129262, "tokenizations": [[0, 211], [212, 325], [325, 326], [327, 450], [451, 545], [546, 690], [691, 766]], "first_sentence": "Many members of the court of a ruler of this dynasty perished while crossing a wooden gallery from a cathedral to a palace, prompting the ruler to come up with a plan for succession called the Ordinatio imperii.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This god is reduced to ashes after being gazed upon by his uncle, the planet Saturn. While blocking the path of an angry traveler, this god allows himself to be struck with an axe when he realizes that the axe belongs to his father. This god falls off of his mount when it is scared by a snake, after which he is mocked by the moon. This god is victorious in a race around the (*) world when he chooses instead to run around his parents. This brother of Kartikeya is born when his mother desires to have someone guard the door as she bathes, but is decapitated when he refuses to let his angry father through. This god rides a mouse and is considered the \"remover of obstacles.\" For 10 points, name this son of Shiva, who bears the head of an elephant.", "answer": "Ganesha [or Ganapati; or Vinayaka]", "page": "Ganesha", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124445, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129263, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 232], [233, 332], [333, 437], [438, 609], [610, 677], [677, 752]], "first_sentence": "This god is reduced to ashes after being gazed upon by his uncle, the planet Saturn.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In Drosophila, the P element transposon effects the \"insertional\" type of this process. A population's expected heterozygosity depends on population size and the rate of this process. Two types of this process are notated using a greater than sign and an uppercase delta. This process is called \"dominant negative\" if the product antagonizes the (*) wild-type. Muller's ratchet explains that populations reproducing asexually experience deleterious forms of this process way more than populations reproducing sexually. Silent, missense, and nonsense forms make up the \"point\" type of this process, and insertions and deletions comprise the more serious \"frameshift\" form. For 10 points, name these permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence of an organism.", "answer": "mutations [or mutagenesis; or insertional mutation; or silent mutation; or missense mutation; or nonsense mutation; or point mutation; or frameshift mutation; accept insertions before mentioned; accept deletions before mentioned] ", "page": "Mutation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124444, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129264, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 183], [184, 271], [272, 360], [361, 518], [519, 671], [672, 758]], "first_sentence": "In Drosophila, the P element transposon effects the \"insertional\" type of this process.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "If n is one of these numbers, the only odd numbers in the nth row of Pascal's triangle are the ones at the ends. One can tell whether a non-increasing non-negative series a-sub-n converges by looking at its values when n is one of these numbers, according to Cauchy's condensation test. The only currently known perfect numbers can each be written as a large prime times one of these numbers. The size of the power set of a finite set is a number of this type. Adding one to a (*) Mersenne prime always gives one of these numbers. They are the number of vertices of an n-dimensional hypercube, and the binary representation of these numbers have only one 1 in them. For 10 points, identify these numbers, like 16, 32, and 128, which are formed by exponentiating the smallest prime.", "answer": "powers of two [accept similar answers like two to the n] ", "page": "Power_of_two", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124443, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129265, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 286], [287, 392], [393, 460], [461, 530], [531, 665], [666, 781]], "first_sentence": "If n is one of these numbers, the only odd numbers in the nth row of Pascal's triangle are the ones at the ends.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Civilian JTF was organized to oppose this group. After the rescue of seven members of the Moulin-Fournier family from this group, France declared that its national policy is to not pay ransoms. In the aftermath of an operation carried out by this group, Naomi Mutah was briefly arrested upon meeting with a First Lady named Patience. Public awareness of this group was raised when the White House (*) tweeted a picture of Michelle Obama holding a hand-written hashtag condemning this group. This group targeted the Chibok Government Secondary School early in 2014, pressuring a reluctant Goodluck Jonathan to act. For 10 points, name this subject of the #bringbackourgirls campaign, a terrorist group led by Abubakar Shekau which opposes the government of Nigeria.", "answer": "Boko Haram [or Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'Awati Wal-Jihad; or Wilayat al Sudan al Gharbi]", "page": "Boko_Haram", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124442, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129266, "tokenizations": [[0, 197], [198, 337], [338, 494], [495, 617], [618, 768]], "first_sentence": "The Civilian JTF was organized to oppose this group. After the rescue of seven members of the Moulin-Fournier family from this group, France declared that its national policy is to not pay ransoms.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In 2014, leaks about the TORNADO ALLEY program showed that the British agency GCHQ could use vulnerabilities in this product to control a target computer. The popularity of this brand-name product caused the market share of Lotus 1-2-3 to collapse. Errors using this product hurt the reputations of Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff, two Harvard (*) economists who argued in favor of austerity measures. A bug in old versions of it displayed numbers close to 65,535 as the number 100,000. One can create a PivotTable for use in this program by using Visual Basic for Applications to write a namesake macro. An alternative to this program produced by Apple is called Numbers. For 10 points, name this Microsoft Office program that lets users create and edit spreadsheets.", "answer": "Microsoft Excel [prompt on either of the underlined words in Microsoft Office Suite]", "page": "Microsoft_Excel", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124441, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129267, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 248], [249, 404], [405, 489], [490, 607], [608, 675], [676, 771]], "first_sentence": "In 2014, leaks about the TORNADO ALLEY program showed that the British agency GCHQ could use vulnerabilities in this product to control a target computer.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of these pieces is dedicated to the memory of Joseph de Marliave, and is the last piece in a suite written in honor of friends who died in World War I. Another piece in this genre opens with a trill on A followed by a descent in sixty-fourth notes to C-sharp, which then resolves back up to D. Maurice Ravel's Le Tombeau de Couperin closes with one of these pieces, and Girolamo Frescobaldi wrote (*) two books that paired partitas with them. Although usually written for keyboard, their name can also refer to a fanfare such as one for brass and percussion that opens Monteverdi's L'Orfeo. Their name comes from the Italian for \"to touch.\" For 10 points, name this genre of virtuosic music which includes a spooky one for organ in D minor that J.S. Bach paired with a fugue.", "answer": "toccata", "page": "Toccata", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124440, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129268, "tokenizations": [[0, 446], [447, 594], [595, 644], [645, 779]], "first_sentence": "One of these pieces is dedicated to the memory of Joseph de Marliave, and is the last piece in a suite written in honor of friends who died in World War I. Another piece in this genre opens with a trill on A followed by a descent in sixty-fourth notes to C-sharp, which then resolves back up to D. Maurice Ravel's Le Tombeau de Couperin closes with one of these pieces, and Girolamo Frescobaldi wrote (*) two books that paired partitas with them.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At the end of this war, thousands of prisoners were killed by being thrown into sinkholes known as foibe. During this war, a guerrilla force was targeted by the unsuccessful Operation Knight's Move, which paradropped thousands of troops in the Raid on Drvar. At the end of this war, Draza Mihailovic was executed for leading a group of royalist guerrilla fighters known as the Chetniks. During this war, the kidnapping of Miklos Horthy's son and the (*) Gran Sasso Raid were both carried out by the German commando Otto Skorzeny. Operation Husky was the code-name for the invasion of Sicily during this war, whose Battle of Monte Cassino occurred after the Allies invaded Italy. For 10 points, name this war during which Josip Broz Tito's Partisans resisted the Axis powers.", "answer": "World War II [or Second World War]", "page": "World_War_II", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124439, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129269, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 258], [259, 386], [387, 529], [530, 678], [679, 774]], "first_sentence": "At the end of this war, thousands of prisoners were killed by being thrown into sinkholes known as foibe.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A set of works produced in this sort of place claims that \"traditional\" intellectuals serve the State while \"organic\" intellectuals arise in every social class. An account of \"cultural hegemony\" was put forward in the philosophical notebooks of Italian Communist Antonio Gramsci, which are referred to by their origin in this sort of place. According to a 1975 book, the creation of \"docile bodies\" is best exemplified by these places. A proposal for a (*) semicircular building of this type, put forth as a humanitarian reform by Jeremy Bentham, would allow one individual to observe all others and was critiqued harshly by Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish. For 10 points, name these institutions exemplified by the Panopticon, which lock up people convicted of crimes.", "answer": "prisons [or jails", "page": "Prison", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124438, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129270, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 340], [341, 435], [436, 666], [667, 778]], "first_sentence": "A set of works produced in this sort of place claims that \"traditional\" intellectuals serve the State while \"organic\" intellectuals arise in every social class.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this author's title characters is a doctor who writes a manuscript entitled All or Nothing after being confined to an insane asylum. This author wrote a conversation between himself and his character Augusto in a novel which ends with an epilogue spoken by Augusto's dog. A novel by this author is set in a lakeside mountain village and follows a priest who continues preaching to the villagers despite having lost his faith. This author claimed \"homo sum, ergo cogito\" in an essay which examines the human fear of death, The (*) Tragic Sense of Life. This author's anti-realist \"nivolas\" include one in which Joaquin gives a speech eulogizing his hated brother, the title painter of a depiction of the Cain story. For 10 points, name this associate of the Generation of '98, the Spanish author of Niebla and Abel Sanchez.", "answer": "Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo", "page": "Miguel_de_Unamuno", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124437, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129271, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 278], [279, 432], [433, 558], [559, 721], [722, 829]], "first_sentence": "One of this author's title characters is a doctor who writes a manuscript entitled All or Nothing after being confined to an insane asylum.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The \"at\" symbol is exclusively used in the chemical formula of these compounds. In nanotweezers, these compounds reversibly bend inward when a voltage is applied across them. They are \"doped\" with potassium to make superconductors above 18 Kelvin. These molecules have mass of either 720 or 840 amus. They have two different bond lengths: those from 6-6 and 6-5 bonds. These materials dissolve in nonpolar solvents to turn bright (*) purple. These molecules can be synthesized by firing a laser at soot. When rolled into cylinders, they form single or double walls. They can hold entire metal atoms inside an icosahedral body. For 10 points, name these allotropes of carbon which forms soccer-ball shaped \"buckyballs.\"", "answer": "fullerenes [or buckminsterfullerenes; prompt on buckyballs; prompt on carbon nanotubes]", "page": "Fullerene", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124436, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129272, "tokenizations": [[0, 79], [80, 174], [175, 247], [248, 300], [301, 368], [369, 441], [442, 503], [504, 565], [566, 626], [627, 718]], "first_sentence": "The \"at\" symbol is exclusively used in the chemical formula of these compounds.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After an argument about this subject, April Wheeler sleeps with Shep Campbell in Richard Yates's Revolutionary Road. Another character begins performing this task after adopting the identity of \"Fuzzy Stone\". Dewey Dell is raped by MacGowan after he gives her a faulty substance intended to be used for this purpose in As I Lay Dying. Jig is told this practice is \"really not anything... it's all perfectly natural\" in Ernest Hemingway's (*) \"Hills Like White Elephants\", which repeatedly alludes to it as an \"operation\". In The Cider House Rules, Homer Wells follows in the footsteps of Dr. Wilbur Larch, who performs these procedures safely using his training as an obstetrician. For 10 points, name these medical procedures, long performed in secret on pregnant women.", "answer": "performing abortions [or illegal abortions; prompt on \"miscarriages\"]", "page": "Abortion", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124434, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129274, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 208], [209, 334], [335, 387], [388, 521], [522, 681], [682, 771]], "first_sentence": "After an argument about this subject, April Wheeler sleeps with Shep Campbell in Richard Yates's Revolutionary Road.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A palm tree rests in front of Adam and Eve being driven out from Eden in a version of this scene in Cortona. Two donors look in on this scene as Joseph works in his tool shop in the right panel in one altarpiece. A painting of this scene at San Marco is divided by two arches, features an angel with multi- colored wings, and, like the one in Cortona, was painted by Fra Angelico. This scene occupies the center panel of the (*) Me\u0301rode Altarpiece by Robert Campin, as well as the middle row of back panels of the Ghent Altarpiece. In this scene, a white lily representing purity and virginity is often carried by Gabriel, and it is often followed by the Nativity. For 10 points, name this scene where Mary receives word that she is to bear Jesus.", "answer": "The Annunciation [or Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary or Annunciation of Our Lady or Annunciation of the Lord or Annuntiatio nativitatis Christi] ", "page": "Annunciation", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124433, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129275, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 212], [213, 380], [381, 531], [532, 664], [665, 747]], "first_sentence": "A palm tree rests in front of Adam and Eve being driven out from Eden in a version of this scene in Cortona.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man organized female supporters into the anti-war National Legion of Mothers of America. Edward Mooney rebuked this man for doubting the mental health of one of his opponents, who often sent Joseph Kennedy to this man to try to placate him. This man helped organize a political party called the National Union that put William Lemke on its presidential ticket. This Ontario native used profits from his \"Golden Hour\" to construct the multi-million dollar Shrine of the Little Flower at Royal Oak. This man's magazine Social Justice published The (*) Protocols of the Elders of Zion and was notoriously supportive of fascism. In 1942, this man was banned from broadcasting by the Archbishop of Detroit. For 10 points, name this radio priest and vocal opponent of FDR.", "answer": "Father Coughlin [or Charles Edward Coughlin]", "page": "Charles_Coughlin", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124432, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129276, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [94, 245], [246, 365], [366, 501], [502, 629], [630, 706], [707, 771]], "first_sentence": "This man organized female supporters into the anti-war National Legion of Mothers of America.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of the oldest religious buildings in the Americas, built in 1674 in Curacao, is now affiliated with this denomination. The siddur used by this denomination is known as the Kol Haneshama. This movement's sole affiliated seminary is a rabbinical college in Wyncote, Pennsylvania. In 1945, the Sabbath Prayer Book published by this denomination was publicly burned. The founder of this denomination taught Ira Eisenstein, created the (*) bat mitzvah ceremony, and had his daughter Judith undergo the very first one. This movement, which rejects the idea of Jews as the chosen people and views Judaism as an evolving civilization, was founded in New York City in the 1920s by Mordecai Kaplan. For 10 points, name this progressive offshoot of conservative Judaism.", "answer": "Reconstructionist Judaism [or Reconstructionism", "page": "Reconstructionist_Judaism", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124431, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129277, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 190], [191, 281], [282, 366], [367, 516], [517, 692], [693, 763]], "first_sentence": "One of the oldest religious buildings in the Americas, built in 1674 in Curacao, is now affiliated with this denomination.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This monarch was the first to mint a gold coin called the ecu d'or, and commissioned Vincent of Beauvais to write the encyclopedia Speculum majus. This king granted the appanage of Poitou to his brother, Alphonse, with whom he fought and won the Saintonge War and the Battle of Taillebourg against England. Various legends about this husband of Marguerite of Provence were told by his biographer, Jean de Joinville. This king allowed his vassal, Henry (*) III of England, to hold on to English territories in Aquitaine. This Capetian king's mother, Blanche of Castile, served as regent while he traipsed around North Africa leading the Seventh Crusade. He ultimately died in Tunisia during the Eighth Crusade. For 10 points, name this only French king to be canonized.", "answer": "Louis IX [or Saint Louis; prompt on Louis]", "page": "Louis_IX_of_France", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124429, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129279, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 306], [307, 415], [416, 519], [520, 652], [653, 709], [710, 768]], "first_sentence": "This monarch was the first to mint a gold coin called the ecu d'or, and commissioned Vincent of Beauvais to write the encyclopedia Speculum majus.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character was the alphabetically-later of two men who disrespected another character by serving him with a golden cup upon the silver table of Cadmus. In a long poem, he is recognized as \"the lion\" from a prophecy while fighting with an exile from Calydon in the court of Argos. Tisiphone and Megaera persuade this man to challenge his enemy to single combat near the end of an epic by Statius. This man gave the necklace of Harmonia to Eriphyle to secure the support of her husband (*) Amphiaraus. Creon sentenced Antigone to death because she insisted upon burying this man, who raised an army commanded by men like Parthenopaeus and Tydeus to win back his throne. For 10 points, name this son of Oedipus who led the Seven Against Thebes against his brother Eteocles.", "answer": "Polynices [or Polyneices]", "page": "Polynices", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124428, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129280, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 283], [284, 399], [400, 503], [504, 671], [672, 774]], "first_sentence": "This character was the alphabetically-later of two men who disrespected another character by serving him with a golden cup upon the silver table of Cadmus.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In chronic forms of this disease, the infected cells take on a \"ground glass\" appearance. It's not HIV- AIDS, but during the \"window period\" of this disease, screens will be negative for the causative agent's surface antigens, but may turn up IgM and IgG antibodies to its core antigen. This is the more common disease whose causative agent gains entry to a cell by binding to NTCP, or sodium/bile acid cotransporter. This disease is caused by an unusual, partially double-stranded DNA virus. The chronic form of this disease, for which there is a vaccine, can lead to (*) cirrhosis and liver cancer. For 10 points, name this form of hepatitis that infects roughly a third of the world's population.", "answer": "hepatitis B virus [or HBV; prompt on hepatitis", "page": "Hepatitis_B_virus", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124427, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129281, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 286], [287, 417], [418, 492], [493, 600], [601, 699]], "first_sentence": "In chronic forms of this disease, the infected cells take on a \"ground glass\" appearance.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a poem often attributed to this person, a tomb containing the talking corpse of an ancient judge is unearthed during the building of a cathedral. A story about idle workers in a vineyard is told to the speaker of a poem by this author after he falls asleep and sees his deceased daughter across a river. Another poem by this man depicts hunts for deer, a boar, and a fox, whose carcasses are traded for kisses with a man who hides a green girdle he receives from the wife of (*) Bertilak. All of this poet's extant works, including Cleanness and Patience, are found in the Cotton Nero A.x. (\"a\"-ten) manuscript. For 10 points, name this anonymous author usually named for his poem about the title gem or for his poem in which a man enters a beheading game with a green knight.", "answer": "the Pearl Poet [or the Gawain Poet]", "page": "Pearl_Poet", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124426, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129282, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 306], [307, 491], [492, 592], [593, 614], [615, 779]], "first_sentence": "In a poem often attributed to this person, a tomb containing the talking corpse of an ancient judge is unearthed during the building of a cathedral.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Handel's Messiah plays as paupers break into a house and recreate Da Vinci's Last Supper in a film by this director, in which Don Jaime plans to rape the title novice. Another film by this man opens with the Hebrides Overture playing over a documentary about scorpions and ends with the Duc de Blangis emerging beardless from a door in a scene inspired by 120 Days of Sodom. In that film, a woman sucks the toes of a religious (*) statue. This director of Viridiana collaborated with a painter on a film in which Pierre Batcheff bicycles in a nun's habit and pulls two pianos bearing two priests and dead donkeys. That film opens with a woman's eye being sliced open with a razor. For 10 points, name this Spanish surrealist director of L'Age d'Or and Un Chien Andalou.", "answer": "Luis Bun\u0303uel [accept Viridiana before \"this director\"]", "page": "Luis_Bu\u00f1uel", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124425, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129283, "tokenizations": [[0, 167], [168, 374], [375, 438], [439, 613], [614, 680], [681, 769]], "first_sentence": "Handel's Messiah plays as paupers break into a house and recreate Da Vinci's Last Supper in a film by this director, in which Don Jaime plans to rape the title novice.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In reduced units, the operator for this quantity for the hydrogen atom is often expressed as one over the radius minus one half del-squared. For a particle in a box, the average value of this quantity is the integral of psi-star times the Hamiltonian of psi, and is minimized at h squared over eight times the mass times the length squared. This quantity does not commute with time, in a common expression of the uncertainty principle. (*) Degeneracy occurs for two states where this quantity is the same. H psi equals this quantity times psi, according to the time-independent Schrodinger equation. For 10 points, name this quantity that is quantized by Planck's constant, and which is measured in electron-volts or Joules.", "answer": "energy [or total energy; or E; or kinetic energy; or Hamiltonian until it is read]", "page": "Energy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124424, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129284, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 340], [341, 435], [436, 505], [506, 599], [600, 724]], "first_sentence": "In reduced units, the operator for this quantity for the hydrogen atom is often expressed as one over the radius minus one half del-squared.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This country sent no troops to participate in World War I because its army was busy suppressing the Contesado Rebellion. Officers from this country known as tenentes staged several uprisings. Soldiers from this country defeated a group of millenarian \"rebels in the backlands\" led by Antonio the Counselor. This country's fascist Integralist movement was crushed by a leader whose apparent involvement in the Rua Tonelero scandal prompted his (*) suicide. This nation was led by Washington Luis, the last of the \"coffee and milk\" presidents. Dictator Getulio Vargas established the Estado Novo in this nation, which is home to slums called favelas. For 10 points, name this country, one of the ABC powers alongside Argentina and Chile.", "answer": "Brazil [or Federative Republic of Brazil or Brasil] ", "page": "Brazil", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124423, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129285, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 191], [192, 306], [307, 455], [456, 541], [542, 648], [649, 735]], "first_sentence": "This country sent no troops to participate in World War I because its army was busy suppressing the Contesado Rebellion.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In glucose-6-phosphate deficiency, these cells lack a semicircular portion and are known as \"bite cells.\" Adhesion in these cells is driven by ICAM-4, or the LW factor. The A1C form of a protein expressed in these cells is measured in a common test for diabetes. These cells have a typical lifespan of 120 days before being destroyed in the (*) spleen. They mature from reticulocytes. These cells completely lack a nucleus, have a bi-concave shape, and can co-dominantly express the A and B antigens on their surfaces. A glutamic acid to valine mutation of a protein in these cells causes them to take a sickle shape. For 10 points, name these cells that carry oxygen and give blood its color.", "answer": "red blood cells [or RBCs; or erythrocytes]", "page": "Red_blood_cell", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124422, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129286, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 168], [169, 262], [263, 352], [353, 384], [385, 518], [519, 617], [618, 693]], "first_sentence": "In glucose-6-phosphate deficiency, these cells lack a semicircular portion and are known as \"bite cells.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Gregory of Tours wrote about a massive tsunami caused by a landslide that destroyed this city in the sixth century. The future Antipope Clement VII, known as the butcher of Cesena, was born Robert, the count of this city. This city annually celebrates L'escalade, to commemorate the defeat of a 1602 surprise attack led by the Duke of Savoy. This city's governing council burnt the trinitarian Michael (*) Servetus at the stake. Prior to the publication of the King James Version, Protestants used a Bible translation produced in this city. The author of the Institutes of the Christian Religion moved to this city and established his own Protestant denomination. For 10 points, name this Swiss city, home to John Calvin.", "answer": "Geneva, Switzerland [or Genf; or Ginevra]", "page": "Geneva", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124420, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129288, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 221], [222, 341], [342, 428], [429, 540], [541, 663], [664, 721]], "first_sentence": "Gregory of Tours wrote about a massive tsunami caused by a landslide that destroyed this city in the sixth century.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A poem by this author ends with the lines, \"If I should meet thee / After long years, / How should I greet thee? / With silence and tears\". This author of \"When We Two Parted\" wrote a poem that lists \"A mind at peace with all below\" and \"A heart whose love is innocent\" among a particular woman's virtues. \"Ianthe\" is the dedicatee of long semi-autobiographical poem by this man whose title character (*) wanders across Europe and Asia Minor. Anne Wilmot is the subject of a poem by this man that notes \"all that's best of dark and bright / Meet in her aspect and her eyes\". For 10 points, identify this namesake of a type of moody Romantic hero, a British poet who wrote Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and \"She Walks in Beauty\" before he died fighting in Greece.", "answer": "Lord Byron [or George Gordon, Lord Byron]", "page": "Lord_Byron", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124419, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129289, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 114], [115, 139], [140, 305], [306, 442], [443, 574], [575, 759]], "first_sentence": "A poem by this author ends with the lines, \"If I should meet thee / After long years, / How should I greet thee?", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This instrument plays the opening solo over tremolo strings in the \"Nocturne\" from Maurice Ravel's Daphnis and Chloe Suite No. 1, and it also plays the main solo in the \"Pantomime\" from Act III of the original ballet. In Gabriel Faure's Pavane, this instrument plays the opening theme over pizzicato strings. This instrument opens another French piece with a chromatic descent from (*) C-sharp to G-natural which then rises back up. Claude Debussy wrote the solo piece Syrinx for this instrument, which introduces the repeating theme of Ravel's Bolero and plays the beginning of Debussy's Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument whose smaller sibling is the piccolo.", "answer": "flute", "page": "Flute", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124418, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129290, "tokenizations": [[0, 217], [218, 308], [309, 432], [433, 624], [625, 707]], "first_sentence": "This instrument plays the opening solo over tremolo strings in the \"Nocturne\" from Maurice Ravel's Daphnis and Chloe Suite No. 1, and it also plays the main solo in the \"Pantomime\" from Act III of the original ballet.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An official set of guides for outdoor tours in this state was begun by a woman with a fondness for its Rangeley region known as Fly Rod Crosby. The Marginal Way footpath is in this American state, whose northern border was once home to the unrecognized Republic of Madawaska. This state lies west of Campobello Island, which contained the summer home of Franklin (*) Roosevelt. It contains the Hundred- Mile Wilderness, the longest uninhabited section of the Appalachian Trail. This state's Schoodic Peninsula is part of its Down East region, across the water from its city of Bar Harbor. For 10 points, name this home state of Acadia National Park, located southwest of the Bay of Fundy and the Canadian province of New Brunswick.", "answer": "Maine", "page": "Maine", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124417, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129291, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 275], [276, 377], [378, 477], [478, 588], [589, 731]], "first_sentence": "An official set of guides for outdoor tours in this state was begun by a woman with a fondness for its Rangeley region known as Fly Rod Crosby.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "H.T. Dean's \"21-city Study\" helped start this policy, which was partly inspired when Frederick McKay noted a community in Pikes Peak that exhibited what was called \"Colorado Brown Stain\". Charles Bett claimed this policy was \"better than using the atom bomb\" at achieving Communist goals, a conspiracy theory satirized as an attempt to \"sap and impurify\" the \"precious bodily fluids\" of Americans in Dr. Strangelove. Grand Rapids was the first (*) city to implement this policy. Recently, Health and Human Services recommended this supplementation be reduced to 0.7 milligrams per liter since Americans already receive the additive used through toothpaste. For 10 points, name this process in which a namesake ion is added to the water supply to help prevent tooth decay.", "answer": "fluoridation [or obvious equivalents such as adding fluoride to water]", "page": "Water_fluoridation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124416, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129292, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 416], [417, 478], [479, 656], [657, 771]], "first_sentence": "H.T. Dean's \"21-city Study\" helped start this policy, which was partly inspired when Frederick McKay noted a community in Pikes Peak that exhibited what was called \"Colorado Brown Stain\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A dolphin-riding cupid clings to the right leg of a sculpture of one of these people, whose cuirass depicts the return of a stolen battle standard. A pair of cornucopias surrounds a shield at the base of a statue of one of these men. An upward-pointing hand and a head with enormous eyes remain as fragments of a colossal statue of one of these people. One of these men carries a club and wears the jaws and pelt of the (*) Nemean lion in a bust depicting him as Hercules. These people were often depicted raising their right arms in salute to their soldiers, as in a statue found at Prima Porta, as well as in an enormous equestrian statue that inspired Donatello's Gattamelata. For 10 points, name these supreme rulers, who included Commodus, Marcus Aurelius and Augustus.", "answer": "Roman emperors [or word forms; or Caesar; or Augustus; or imperator; or princeps; prompt on soldier or warrior or equivalents]", "page": "Roman_emperor", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124415, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129293, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 233], [234, 352], [353, 419], [420, 472], [473, 679], [680, 774]], "first_sentence": "A dolphin-riding cupid clings to the right leg of a sculpture of one of these people, whose cuirass depicts the return of a stolen battle standard.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Four teenage boys from this country formed an embassy sent by Alessandro Valignano to Gregory XIII. After the wreck of the San Felipe in this country led to rumors about spies, the twenty-six martyrs were crucified here. In this country, people had to trample on flat bronze carvings of Virgin Mary and Jesus to prove that they weren't Christian. After traveling from (*) India, the Jesuit priest Francis Xavier introduced Christianity to this country in 1549. Christian peasants in this country revolted in the Shimabara Rebellion shortly after its government implemented the sakoku policy of national seclusion. For 10 points, name this country where the Portuguese originally helped spread Christianity from the port of Nagasaki.", "answer": "Japan", "page": "Japan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124414, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129294, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 220], [221, 346], [347, 460], [461, 613], [614, 732]], "first_sentence": "Four teenage boys from this country formed an embassy sent by Alessandro Valignano to Gregory XIII.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The coefficients of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind can be found using identities involving this function. This function of a complex number z is the arithmetic mean of e to the i times z and that exponential's reciprocal. This function is on the main diagonal of a two-dimensional rotation matrix. A complex number's magnitude times this function of its argument yields its (*) real part. This even function is equal to its own fourth derivative, and its Taylor expansion begins 1 minus x-squared over 2. c-squared equals a- squared plus b-squared minus 2 a b times this function of angle C, according to its namesake law in triangles. For 10 points, identify this trigonometric function, which for an angle in a right triangle equals adjacent over hypotenuse.", "answer": "cosine", "page": "Trigonometric_functions", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124413, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129295, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 230], [231, 306], [307, 397], [398, 513], [514, 644], [645, 769]], "first_sentence": "The coefficients of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind can be found using identities involving this function.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of this author's books opens with a description of an invisible Malay creature in the Tower of Victory called the A Bao A Qu. He created a character who suffers septicemia after gashing his head on a beam while excitedly planning to read a copy of the Arabian Nights and later resigns himself to death in a knife fight. In another story by this man, Jaromir (*) Hladik is given a year to finish his masterpiece before he is shot by a Nazi firing squad. This author of the Book of Imaginary Beings and \"The Secret Miracle\" wrote about Juan Dahlmann in \"El Sur\" and penned a story about a universe consisting of an infinite number of hexagons containing all possible books. For 10 points, name this blind writer of \"The Library of Babel,\" which can be found in Ficciones.", "answer": "Jorge Luis Borges [or Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges]", "page": "Jorge_Luis_Borges", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124412, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129296, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 323], [324, 456], [457, 675], [676, 773]], "first_sentence": "One of this author's books opens with a description of an invisible Malay creature in the Tower of Victory called the A Bao A Qu.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Elector John George II of Saxony refused the crown of Bohemia because taking it would have interfered with his participation this activity. Count Gaston III of Foix-Bearn wrote a popular medieval handbook on this activity, which was also the subject of Xenophon's Kynegetikos. The most dangerous form of this activity was called \"par force.\" William the Conqueror's sons Richard and William (*) Rufus were both killed while participating in this activity. This activity ended with the baying, unmaking, and curee, and began with the quest and assembly. Royal Forests were established to protect this activity, whose variants include falconry. For 10 points, name this activity aided by hounds, which might reduce local populations of stags or foxes.", "answer": "hunting [or venery; accept more specific answers like stag hunting or fox hunting", "page": "Hunting", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124411, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129297, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 276], [277, 340], [340, 394], [395, 455], [456, 552], [553, 642], [643, 749]], "first_sentence": "Elector John George II of Saxony refused the crown of Bohemia because taking it would have interfered with his participation this activity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Lorenz number, equal to 2.4 times ten to the negative eighth, appears in the empirical Wiedemann-Franz Law for these materials. A classical model of these materials proposes a constant drift velocity from a uniform field and elastic electronic collisions. Sommerfeld adapted the Drude model of these materials into his free-electron model. Cold work prevents the movement of dislocations in these materials, resulting in strain hardening. Sequences of (*) quenching, then tempering, are used to strengthen these materials. Crystal lattices model the microstructure of these materials, which have delocalized \"seas\" of electrons. As a result, they have high conductivity, and are ductile and malleable. For 10 points, name these materials that are mixed in alloys.", "answer": "metals [prompt on conductors or crystal lattices]", "page": "Metal", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124410, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129298, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 259], [260, 343], [344, 442], [443, 526], [527, 632], [633, 705], [706, 767]], "first_sentence": "The Lorenz number, equal to 2.4 times ten to the negative eighth, appears in the empirical Wiedemann-Franz Law for these materials.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this non-science area of study, category members are organized around a core of most representative members in prototype theory. This field follows the principle of compositionality, which disregards implicatures. \"Logic and Conversation\" by Paul Grice introduced four maxims that distinguish this field. Violations in this field are marked by a pound sign. Noam Chomsky's sentence \"Colorless green ideas sleep furiously\" illustrates the difference between this field and the field one level below it in complexity, (*) syntax. Entailments and presuppositions are relations in this field, in which set theory relations can be used to express truth conditions of declarative sentences. For 10 points, name this field of linguistics that concerns the literal meaning of sentences.", "answer": "semantics [prompt on linguistics until \"syntax\"; prompt on \"cognitive psychology\"; prompt on \"meaning\"]", "page": "Semantics", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124409, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129299, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 216], [217, 307], [308, 360], [361, 530], [531, 687], [688, 781]], "first_sentence": "In this non-science area of study, category members are organized around a core of most representative members in prototype theory.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Thermal expansion occurs because models for this quantity versus separation distance are asymmetric. This quantity is approximately the height of the well of a Morse potential. For a binary acid, this quantity equals proton affinity plus electron affinity minus ionization energy. It is exactly equal to the heat of reaction for homolysis, forming radicals. Though not heat of formation, this quantity is quite low for peroxides, explaining their (*) explosiveness. The heat of reaction equals the sum over this quantity for each of the reactants minus the sum of it for the products. It varies inversely with length and directly with order. For 10 points, name this quantity, the amount of energy released when two molecular fragments link covalently.", "answer": "bond energy [or bond dissociation energy; or BDE; or bond strength; prompt on stability]", "page": "Bond_energy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124408, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129300, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 176], [177, 280], [281, 357], [358, 465], [466, 584], [585, 641], [642, 752]], "first_sentence": "Thermal expansion occurs because models for this quantity versus separation distance are asymmetric.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The protagonist of this novel is the title subject of a 2013 \"Counter-Investigation\" by Kamel Daoud. Near the end of this novel, the protagonist answers affirmatively to the question \"Do you really live with the thought that when you die, you die, and nothing remains?\" posed to him by the Chaplain. On a \"night alive with sand and stars\", this novel's protagonist opens himself \"to the gentle (*) indifference of the world\". A railway worker in this novel who loses his scab-covered dog, Salamano, later testifies along with Marie at a trial resulting from the protagonist's having used Raymond's pistol to fire five shots. This novel opens with the line \"Mother died today\". For 10 points, name this novel in which Meursault shoots an Arab in Algeria, written by Albert Camus.", "answer": "The Stranger [or The Outsider or L'E\u0301tranger]", "page": "The_Stranger_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124407, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129301, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 299], [300, 425], [426, 624], [625, 676], [677, 778]], "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel is the title subject of a 2013 \"Counter-Investigation\" by Kamel Daoud.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This book highlights the unity and diversity of the fellowship of Christ by asking where the body's sense of hearing would be if the whole body were an eye. It instructs those who speak in tongues to additionally pray for the interpretation of tongues. The most famous section of this book concerns a concept that \"is not easily angered\" and \"keeps no record of wrongs.\" This book controversially instructs women to (*) cover their heads in worship, and describes putting the \"ways of childhood behind me\" after becoming a man. Chapter 13 of this book describes a concept that \"does not envy, does not boast,\" and notes that \"Love is patient, love is kind.\" For 10 points, name this Pauline epistle, the first of two addressed to a church in Greece.", "answer": "First Corinthians [or 1 Corinthians; prompt on Corinthians]", "page": "First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124406, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129302, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 252], [253, 369], [369, 527], [528, 657], [658, 749]], "first_sentence": "This book highlights the unity and diversity of the fellowship of Christ by asking where the body's sense of hearing would be if the whole body were an eye.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The second act of a play by this man opens with a pair of speeches offering the mottoes \"Enjoy Yourselves\" and \"Save the Family\". Food poisoning-stricken actors, including Miss Somerset, have to be replaced in the third act of that play by this man, which features a maid named Lily Sabina and a member of the \"Ancient and Honorable Order of Mammals\" who invents the wheel. A dead woman attempts to relive her (*) twelfth birthday in another of this man's plays, whose cast includes the alcoholic choir director Simon Stimson. The Antrobus family survives an ice age in one of his plays, while the Stage Manager officiates the wedding of Emily Webb and George Gibbs in Grover's Corners in another. For 10 points, name this playwright of The Skin of Our Teeth and Our Town.", "answer": "Thornton Wilder [or Thornton Niven Wilder]", "page": "Thornton_Wilder", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124405, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129303, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 373], [374, 526], [527, 697], [698, 772]], "first_sentence": "The second act of a play by this man opens with a pair of speeches offering the mottoes \"Enjoy Yourselves\" and \"Save the Family\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This number partly identifies a logical law from the book Foundations of Arithmetic which creates a \"course-of-values\" for functions. The failure of that \"Basic Law\" of this number by Gottlob Frege inspired Russell's paradox. As initially proposed by Philippa Foot, this is the number of people who would be saved if the switch is flipped in the \"trolley problem.\" A famous set of this many arguments includes an argument from degree, an argument for a (*) \"first cause,\" and a teleological argument. This many \"Ways\" of proving God's existence were proposed by Thomas Aquinas. Plato's Timaeus defines aether as the classical element of this number. For 10 points, give the number used since Aristotle for the number of senses humans have.", "answer": "five [or 5]", "page": "5", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124404, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129304, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 225], [226, 363], [363, 500], [501, 577], [578, 649], [650, 739]], "first_sentence": "This number partly identifies a logical law from the book Foundations of Arithmetic which creates a \"course-of-values\" for functions.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A commonly-depicted creature in early Athenian vase painting has the foreparts of this animal and the tail and wings of a rooster. The city of Abdera was founded near where the youth Abderus was killed by these animals. Heracles attacks Troy to collect his gift of twelve of these animals promised to him by Laomedon. After Hera gives one of these animals the power of speech, it portends the death of Achilles. As a wedding gift, Peleus receives two of these animals named (*) Balius and Xanthius. These land animals are tamed by Poseidon. Hercules steals four man-eating animals of this kind, and turns them against their original owner Diomedes. For 10 points, name these animals that pull the chariots of Greek gods and heroes.", "answer": "horses [or mares; or steeds; or Equus ferus caballus] ", "page": "Horse", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124403, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129305, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 219], [220, 317], [318, 411], [412, 498], [499, 540], [541, 648], [649, 731]], "first_sentence": "A commonly-depicted creature in early Athenian vase painting has the foreparts of this animal and the tail and wings of a rooster.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Epworth Scale is a short questionnaire that measures this phenomenon. K-complexes and namesake \"spindles\" form during one type of this phenomenon, during which nearly half of all growth hormone production happens. \"Z-drugs\" like zolpidem and zopiclone treat defects in this phenomenon. Stages of this process, from 1 to 4, can be measured on an EEG. Some scientists believe that in humans before the Industrial Revolution, the (*) \"polyphasic\" form of this phenomenon dominated. Obesity is a common cause of interruptions in breathing during this phenomenon known as obstructive apneas. Acetylcholine dominates during the REM phase of this process. For 10 points, name this physiological process that is impaired in people with insomnia.", "answer": "sleep [or REM sleep; or rapid eye movement sleep; or NREM sleep; or non-rapid eye movement sleep; or polyphasic sleep; accept other forms]", "page": "Sleep", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124402, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129306, "tokenizations": [[0, 73], [74, 217], [218, 289], [290, 353], [354, 482], [483, 590], [591, 652], [653, 741]], "first_sentence": "The Epworth Scale is a short questionnaire that measures this phenomenon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Owing in part to his failed experiment of mixing tempera and oil paints, this artist never completed a painting in the Hall of the Five Hundred. One of his sketches features a single dragon among an array of cats and horses in various poses. A mural he made for Santa Maria delle Grazie was painted on a surface of gesso, pitch, and mastic, causing it to quickly deteriorate. In another of his sketches, a circle is centered on the title man's (*) navel while a square cuts off at his head and feet. The man in that sketch both extends his arms horizontally and raises his arms over his head. He painted the twelve apostles reacting in shock as Jesus announces that a disciple would betray him. For 10 points, name this artist of the Vitruvian Man and The Last Supper.", "answer": "Leonardo da Vinci [or Leonardo da Vinci]", "page": "Leonardo_da_Vinci", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124401, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129307, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 241], [242, 279], [280, 375], [376, 499], [500, 592], [593, 694], [695, 768]], "first_sentence": "Owing in part to his failed experiment of mixing tempera and oil paints, this artist never completed a painting in the Hall of the Five Hundred.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this country, nearly 25,000 children, many of whose parents belonged to the DSE, were placed in \"child towns.\" The destroyer HNS Velos refused to return to this country during a NATO exercise in protest of a right-wing military junta that came to power after a 1967 coup. After World War II, this country regained the Dodecanese Islands, and backed a coup against archbishop Makarios III in an attempt to realize its idea of enosis during its Regime of the (*) Colonels. This country suffered a civil war from 1946-49 that prompted Truman to formulate his namesake \"doctrine.\" In 1974, this European country tried to unite with an island partitioned by the Green Line, with capital at Nicosia. For 10 points, name this country that fought with Turkey over Cyprus.", "answer": "Greece [or Hellenic Republic; or Hellas]", "page": "Greece", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124400, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129308, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [112, 274], [275, 473], [474, 578], [578, 696], [697, 766]], "first_sentence": "In this country, nearly 25,000 children, many of whose parents belonged to the DSE, were placed in \"child towns.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This king may have been complicit in the disappearance of Philip Christoph von Konigsmarck, the lover of his first wife, whom he locked up in the Castle of Ahlden. The Whigs cemented their power during this man's reign by passing the Septennial Act. During this king's reign, the Battle of Preston went poorly for Lord Mar, who attempted to place the Old Pretender on the throne during the first of the (*) Jacobite Uprisings, the Fifteen. This king, who lost some of his own money in the South Sea Bubble and was advised by Robert Walpole, was slated to succeed his mother Sophia as per the Act of Settlement, but ended up ascending to the throne directly after the death of Queen Anne. For 10 points, name this first British monarch from the German House of Hanover.", "answer": "George I [or George Louis I or Georg Ludwig I; prompt on George] ", "page": "George_I_of_Great_Britain", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124399, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129309, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 249], [250, 439], [440, 687], [688, 768]], "first_sentence": "This king may have been complicit in the disappearance of Philip Christoph von Konigsmarck, the lover of his first wife, whom he locked up in the Castle of Ahlden.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A passage in this novel contains sections on the pains of loss, conscience, and extension, the second of which takes the form of the \"worm...of the triple sting\". In its first chapter, Athy claims that several expelled boys had been caught \"smugging\". A Christmas dinner in this novel erupts into a shouting match between Mr. Casey and Aunt Dante over the downfall of Charles Stuart (*) Parnell. Its opening passage describes an encounter between a \"moocow\" and \"baby tuckoo\". Its protagonist hangs out with Davin, Lynch and Cranly at University College, and during a retreat at Belvedere, attends Father Arnall's sermon on hell, which convinces him to become a devout Catholic. For 10 points, identify this James Joyce novel about the childhood of Stephen Dedalus.", "answer": " Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man", "page": "A_Portrait_of_the_Artist_as_a_Young_Man", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124398, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129310, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 251], [252, 395], [396, 476], [477, 678], [679, 765]], "first_sentence": "A passage in this novel contains sections on the pains of loss, conscience, and extension, the second of which takes the form of the \"worm...of the triple sting\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Einstein relation's most important application is in these materials because it sets the ratio of diffusivity and mobility equal to k T over q. Wafers of one type of this material are grown with the Czochralski process. III-V (\"three five\") and II-VI (\"two-six\") alloys are used to form the binary, ternary, and quaternary \"compound\" types of this material. Analyzing these materials often involves determining the rate and type of carrier generation and (*) recombination processes. These materials are useful because substitutional impurities can change their Fermi level in a process called doping, which can create its n-type and p- type. The most commonly used example of this material is silicon. For 10 points, name these materials that have a conductivity intermediate between that of conductors and insulators.", "answer": "semiconductors", "page": "Semiconductor", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124397, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129311, "tokenizations": [[0, 223], [224, 361], [362, 487], [488, 646], [647, 706], [707, 823]], "first_sentence": "The Einstein relation's most important application is in these materials because it sets the ratio of diffusivity and mobility equal to k T over q. Wafers of one type of this material are grown with the Czochralski process.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Simon \"The Marquis\" McTavish was a tycoon in this industry. A company dominant in this industry founded Cumberland House after its system of using coastal factories was challenged, and it later fought a rival company at the Battle of Seven Oaks. Companies in this industry would often hire hundreds of voyageurs. The mixed-race children of men in this profession became the Metis (meh-TEA). It's not real estate, but a city in (*) Oregon is named for a man who made his fortune in this industry. The North West Company controlled this industry around Lake Athabasca. An American company that secured a monopoly over this industry in the early 18th century was founded by John Jacob Astor. For 10 points, name this industry dominated by the Hudson Bay Company which nearly drove the beaver to extinction.", "answer": "fur trading [or fur trapping; or pelt trade; or beaver fur trade]", "page": "Fur_trade", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124396, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129312, "tokenizations": [[0, 245], [246, 312], [313, 390], [391, 426], [427, 430], [431, 495], [496, 566], [567, 688], [689, 803]], "first_sentence": "Simon \"The Marquis\" McTavish was a tycoon in this industry. A company dominant in this industry founded Cumberland House after its system of using coastal factories was challenged, and it later fought a rival company at the Battle of Seven Oaks.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An unaccompanied operatic duet by this composer begins with the title male lead singing in F minor while the female lead begins in E major, before they converge on an E-flat. That duet ends the prologue to an opera in which the male lead sings \"Now the Great Bear and Pleiades.\" In another opera, a male virgin is selected Queen of May Day but vanishes that night to go on a debauched adventure. This composer wrote most of his principal tenor parts for his partner Peter Pears, including the title roles of (*) Albert Herring and Billy Budd. He extracted Four Sea Interludes from an opera in which a fisherman is charged with causing his apprentice's death and later sinks his own boat out at sea. For 10 points, name this British composer of Peter Grimes.", "answer": "Benjamin Britten", "page": "Benjamin_Britten", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124395, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129313, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 277], [277, 395], [396, 542], [543, 698], [699, 757]], "first_sentence": "An unaccompanied operatic duet by this composer begins with the title male lead singing in F minor while the female lead begins in E major, before they converge on an E-flat.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The two main characters of this short story awkwardly sit in silence for half an hour as one slowly eats a watermelon. This story ends with the statement \"the most complicated and difficult part was just beginning.\" \"A new face\" is said to have \"appeared on the embankment\" at the beginning of this short story, in which the protagonist refers to women as \"an inferior race.\" One character is married to a \"lackey\" of German descent named von (*) Dideritz, and is surprised when the protagonist shows up at the opening night performance of The Geisha. Dmitri Gurov begins an affair with the title character while they are both vacationing in Yalta. For 10 points, name this Anton Chekhov short story in which Dmitri's lover, Anna Sergeevna, is first seen accompanied by her Pomeranian.", "answer": "\"The Lady with the Dog\" [or \"Dama s sobachkoy\"; \"The Lady with the Lapdog\"; or \"The Lady with the Little Dog\"; or \"The Lady with a Dog\"; accept alternate answers in the same vein]", "page": "The_Lady_with_the_Dog", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124394, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129314, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 215], [216, 374], [374, 551], [552, 648], [649, 785]], "first_sentence": "The two main characters of this short story awkwardly sit in silence for half an hour as one slowly eats a watermelon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "ne can find things like the sum of the cubes of roots of a polynomial using Vieta's formulas and then applying this mathematician's identities about symmetric polynomials. Joseph Raphson is the real developer of a technique named for this man, in which one repeatedly finds where a tangent line intersects the x-axis, as part of a (*) \"method\" to iteratively approximate the roots of a differentiable function. This mathematician famously claimed that his success came because he \"stood on the shoulders of giants.\" Controversy exists whether this man or Gottfried Leibniz should be considered the inventor of calculus. For 10 points, name this mathematician whose Principia Mathematica laid out his three namesake laws of motion.", "answer": "Isaac Newton", "page": "Isaac_Newton", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124393, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129315, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 410], [411, 515], [516, 619], [620, 730]], "first_sentence": "ne can find things like the sum of the cubes of roots of a polynomial using Vieta's formulas and then applying this mathematician's identities about symmetric polynomials.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In sperm cells, a specific type of these proteins known as catsper is of the \"two-pore\" variety. In one of these proteins, the five residue sequence TVGYG forms a \"selectivity filter\" that removes a hydration shell. In another of them, the highly-conserved S4 segment acts as a \"sensor.\" Four types of conotoxin from cone snails and (*) tetrodotoxin from puffer fish block these proteins. The patch-clamp technique can be used to study these proteins, one type of which activates during the period of hyperpolarization. Two \"voltage- gated\" examples of these proteins keep the resting potential of a neuron at -70 mV. For 10 points, name these proteins that control the flow of charged atoms like sodium across a cell membrane.", "answer": "ion channels [prompt on membrane proteins; prompt on integral membrane proteins; prompt on channels; accept TRPs; accept transient receptor potential channels; accept sodium channels; accept potassium channels; accept ionotropic receptors]", "page": "Ion_channel", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124392, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129316, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 215], [216, 286], [286, 287], [288, 388], [389, 519], [520, 617], [618, 727]], "first_sentence": "In sperm cells, a specific type of these proteins known as catsper is of the \"two-pore\" variety.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A man with the very British name of \"Cambridge Fraudsham\" is deposed as headmaster of the Siriana school in a novel by this author in which several highway surveyors die in a plane crash. The deaf-mute Gitogo is shot in the back in another novel by this author, in which a carpenter is shuttled between seven detention camps overseen first by Thomas Robson, then John Thompson. This author explained his decision to renounce writing in (*) English in his essay Decolonizing the Mind, and was detained without trial for writing the play I Will Marry When I Want. The hunger striker Mugo and the villainous Karanja aid the British and betray the Mau Mau Rebellion in this man's best-known novel. For 10 points, name this Kenyan author of Petals of Blood and A Grain of Wheat.", "answer": "Ngugi wa Thiong'o [or James Ngugi; accept Petals of Blood until \"this author\" is read]", "page": "Ng\u0169g\u0129_wa_Thiong'o", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124391, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129317, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 377], [378, 535], [536, 561], [562, 693], [694, 773]], "first_sentence": "A man with the very British name of \"Cambridge Fraudsham\" is deposed as headmaster of the Siriana school in a novel by this author in which several highway surveyors die in a plane crash.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "People of this ethnicity lobbied for the passage of the Helms-Burton Act, which built on the Torricelli Act. Many children of this ethnicity were helped by the US government as part of Operation Peter Pan. The \"Wet Foot, Dry Foot\" policy applies to people of this ethnicity, many of whom settled in the company town of Ybor City. Large numbers of these people emigrated to the US during the (*) Mariel Boatlift. In 2000, Janet Reno controversially ordered SWAT agents to return a child of this ethnicity to his native country. The CIA trained people of this ethnicity to lead a coup in the failed Bay of Pigs operation. For 10 points, name this large ethnic minority in Miami, many of whom are refugees from the Castro regime.", "answer": "Cuban-Americans [or Cuban exiles]", "page": "Cuban_Americans", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124390, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129318, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 205], [206, 329], [330, 411], [412, 526], [527, 619], [620, 726]], "first_sentence": "People of this ethnicity lobbied for the passage of the Helms-Burton Act, which built on the Torricelli Act.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man's son-in-law Alcathous gets killed after Poseidon blinds and paralyzes him. This man encourages a group to travel to Crete after misinterpreting Apollo's instruction to steer their party to the land of their ancestors. A set of funeral games for this man is interrupted when the participants discover that their wives and daughters burned their ships. This man explains how souls reach the Elysian fields and reveals a lineage stretching to (*) Caesar and Romulus during a meeting in the underworld with his son. This man was crippled with Zeus's thunderbolt because he boasted about his affair with a goddess, so he is literally carried by his son out of the burning city of Troy. For 10 points, name this Trojan whose affair with Venus produced the son Aeneas.", "answer": "Anchises", "page": "Anchises", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124389, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129319, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 227], [228, 360], [361, 521], [522, 690], [691, 771]], "first_sentence": "This man's son-in-law Alcathous gets killed after Poseidon blinds and paralyzes him.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The plywood backing installed to this painting by restorer Hannah Mee Horner created a horizontal seam that ran across the title figure's shoulders. Other early restorers of this painting increased the brightness of the red hallway in which two men stand watching the central scene. This painting was rejected by the art jury of the Centennial Exhibition. In this painting, an open box of equipment lies in front of a woman who is possibly the (*) supine man's mother and is recoiling in horror. Several bored students sit in the atrium in the background of this work. The title character of this painting holds a scalpel in his bloody right hand and was a professor at Jefferson College in Philadelphia. For 10 points, name this Thomas Eakins painting of a medical operation.", "answer": "The Gross Clinic [or Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross or The Clinic of Dr. Gross]", "page": "The_Gross_Clinic", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124388, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129320, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 282], [283, 355], [356, 495], [496, 568], [569, 704], [705, 776]], "first_sentence": "The plywood backing installed to this painting by restorer Hannah Mee Horner created a horizontal seam that ran across the title figure's shoulders.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Six of this city's top naval commanders were executed for failing to rescue their crews. Overland shipping to this city was choked off by the capture of the nearby fortress at Decelea. Because a herald from this city was killed in Megara, this city imposed a set of economic sanctions known as the Megarian decree. In the midst of a campaign, a commander was recalled to this city to face trial for desecrating the hermai. The loss of this city's war hawk general (*) Cleon at the Battle of Amphipolis allowed a statesman from here to sign the Peace of Nicias. This city, which was serviced by the port of Piraeus, lost the naval battle of Aegospotami. For 10 points, name this city which controlled the seas for most of the Peloponnesian War, a conflict it lost to Sparta.", "answer": "Athens", "page": "Athens", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124387, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129321, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 184], [185, 314], [315, 422], [423, 467], [468, 560], [561, 652], [653, 773]], "first_sentence": "Six of this city's top naval commanders were executed for failing to rescue their crews.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One theory put forth by this man involves the prospect of \"vicarious reinforcement\" or \"vicarious punishment.\" This man described a \"judgmental sub-function\" in the mind as part of his negative feedback model of self-regulation. This man drew on Rotter's theory of locus of control for a paper about belief in one's own ability to succeed. As of a 2014 assessment by Diener (DEE-ner) et al., this coiner of the terms \"reciprocal determinism\" and \"self-efficacy\" is the most frequently cited (*) living psychologist. His work on social learning theory included a setup in which assistants shouted phrases such as \"sockeroo\" as children from Palo Alto observed their aggression against an inflatable toy. For 10 points, name this Canadian-born psychologist who did the bobo doll experiment.", "answer": "Albert Bandura", "page": "Albert_Bandura", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124386, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129322, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [109, 110], [111, 228], [229, 339], [340, 515], [516, 702], [703, 788]], "first_sentence": "One theory put forth by this man involves the prospect of \"vicarious reinforcement\" or \"vicarious punishment.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Eigen and de Maeyer proposed the products of this reaction migrate away along a \"wire\", faster than diffusion would predict. This reaction explains why milli-Q has nonzero conductivity. This reaction forms hypervalent seven and thirteen-atom cations according to the Grotthuss mechanism. When the concentration of the reactant is 55.6 molar, the rate of this reaction is roughly one molecule per ten hours. The equilibrium constant for this reaction at 24 degrees Celsius is ten to the negative (*) fourteenth power, and is usually set equal to the product of K-sub-a and the conjugate K-sub-b. It forms hydronium and hydroxide. For 10 points, name this reaction in which two water molecules react to form positive and negative products.", "answer": "autoionization of water [or the dissociation of water; or the formation of hydronium and hydroxide from water; accept H2O instead of water, H3O+ instead of hydronium, and OH- instead of hydroxide; prompt on splitting water; prompt on similar equivalents]", "page": "Self-ionization_of_water", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124385, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129323, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 185], [186, 287], [288, 406], [407, 463], [464, 594], [595, 628], [629, 737]], "first_sentence": "Eigen and de Maeyer proposed the products of this reaction migrate away along a \"wire\", faster than diffusion would predict.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author criticized pretentious directors and film theory in \"I Can't Get That Monster Out of My Mind\". In another work, she recalls playing the song \"Wichita Lineman\" to get an Ezra Pound quote out of her head. This author's interviews with Linda Kasabian, a former Manson family member, as well as her visits to Black Panther Party meetings and (*) Doors recording sessions, are chronicled in an essay that begins with the statement \"we tell ourselves stories in order to live.\" She wrote about life in the aftermath of her husband in The Year of Magical Thinking and used a Yeats quote for the title of an essay on the Haight-Ashbury district in the 60's, \"Slouching Towards Bethlehem.\" For 10 points, name this female American essayist of \"The White Album\".", "answer": "Joan Didion", "page": "Joan_Didion", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124384, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129324, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 214], [215, 483], [484, 692], [693, 764]], "first_sentence": "This author criticized pretentious directors and film theory in \"I Can't Get That Monster Out of My Mind\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This monarch spurned his wife Marie of Hesse and entered a morganatic marriage with his mistress Catherine Dolgorukov. The Synodal Bible in the modern form of his nation's language was published during this man's reign. This man's country expanded eastward by signing the Treaty of Aigun. Universal male military service was introduced by this man's Minister of War, Count (*) Milyutin. The Loris-Melikov Constitution was never enacted during the reign of this man, who set up many local governments called zemstvos. The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood was erected at the site where a grenade was tossed under this man's carriage. For 10 points, name this Russian emperor who was assassinated by a member of the People's Will, and who freed the serfs.", "answer": "Alexander II [or Aleksandr II Nikolayevich; prompt on Alexander]", "page": "Alexander_II_of_Russia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124383, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129325, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 219], [220, 288], [289, 372], [373, 386], [387, 516], [517, 636], [637, 757]], "first_sentence": "This monarch spurned his wife Marie of Hesse and entered a morganatic marriage with his mistress Catherine Dolgorukov.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The inverse of the Villari effect, in which magnetization causes a ferromagnetic material to change in length, is called this scientist's magnetostriction. This physicist is the first namesake of a coefficient that is anomalously negative for hydrogen gas at room temperature, equal to the derivative of pressure with respect to temperature at constant enthalpy, and symbolized mu. His \"first law\" gives the heat radiated from a resistor as proportional to the current squared. This scientist attached a falling weight to a series of (*) spinning plates suspended in water, heating up the water, in an experiment that proved conservation of energy. His namesake unit equals a volt times a Coulomb, or a Watt times a second. For 10 points, name this Englishman whose SI unit measures energy.", "answer": "James Prescott Joule ", "page": "James_Prescott_Joule", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124382, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129326, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 381], [382, 477], [478, 648], [649, 723], [724, 790]], "first_sentence": "The inverse of the Villari effect, in which magnetization causes a ferromagnetic material to change in length, is called this scientist's magnetostriction.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Otto Nicolai founded this city's premier orchestra, which uses a type of horn with double-cylinder pushrod valves and a more mellow sound than the double horn. The harpist Anna Lelkes became the first permanent female member of that orchestra in 1997. This city's Philharmonic Orchestra plays in the Musikverein and usually ends its annual New Year's Concert with the (*) \"Radetzky March,\" which was written by a resident of this city. That composer's sons included Eduard and Josef, and a son who wrote waltzes such as \"Tales From this City's Woods,\" and \"On the Beautiful Blue Danube.\" For 10 points, name this city which was home to Johann Strauss Sr. and Jr., and where Mozart and Beethoven spent most of their adult careers.", "answer": "Vienna [or Wien]", "page": "Vienna", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124381, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129327, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 251], [252, 435], [436, 586], [586, 729]], "first_sentence": "Otto Nicolai founded this city's premier orchestra, which uses a type of horn with double-cylinder pushrod valves and a more mellow sound than the double horn.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An early paper by this man argued that the structure of metaphysics used to have a \"center,\" such as God or Man, but doesn't anymore. This man criticized the desire for a \"transcendental signified\" to which all signs eventually point. He lost popularity after publicly excusing the Nazi ties of his Belgian colleague Paul de Man. Gayatri Spivak translated a large book by this man, which shows Thoth on the cover and opens by declaring \"There is nothing outside the (*) text.\" This critic of \"logocentrism\" devised a way of reading texts which reveals apparently-binary opposites to actually be hierarchies and then destabilizes their meaning. For 10 points, name this Algerian-born author of Of Grammatology, a French post-structuralist who pioneered deconstruction.", "answer": "Jacques Derrida", "page": "Jacques_Derrida", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124380, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129328, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 234], [235, 329], [330, 476], [477, 643], [644, 767]], "first_sentence": "An early paper by this man argued that the structure of metaphysics used to have a \"center,\" such as God or Man, but doesn't anymore.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This play features the recurring image of a man standing in a saddle and banging on a window at dawn. A character in this play shouts \"fire!\" to demonstrate \"the misuse of free speech\" shortly after offering to lick another character's toe to test the wind. Two characters in this play attempt to trip another man with their belts by tying them together. In this play, a boy is told to put on a skirt in order to act out the (*) Rape of the Sabine Women. In the last scene of this play, drum and flute music precedes the appearance of the Tragedians from barrels on a ship. This play opens with the main characters flipping a coin which has come up heads ninety-two times in a row. For 10 points, name this play about two minor characters from Hamlet, written by Tom Stoppard.", "answer": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead ", "page": "Rosencrantz_and_Guildenstern_Are_Dead", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124379, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129329, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 257], [258, 354], [355, 454], [455, 573], [574, 681], [682, 776]], "first_sentence": "This play features the recurring image of a man standing in a saddle and banging on a window at dawn.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A parable compares one of these people, standing in the distance and beating his breast in shame, to a Pharisee who is thankful that he is not one of these people. An encounter with Jesus prompts a man with this profession to declare that he will give half of his possessions to the poor. Jesus is often described as eating dinner with these people \"and sinners.\" A man with this job is so short that he is forced to (*) climb up a fig tree to see Jesus among a large crowd. A disciple with this job is alternately called Levi. This profession, shared by Zacchaeus and Matthew, was considered traitorous because its practitioners frequently overcharged their clients. For 10 points, identify this profession which was responsible for gathering money for the Roman Empire.", "answer": "tax collectors [or publicans; or publicanus; or publicani; or telones]", "page": "Tax_collector", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124378, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129330, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 288], [289, 362], [362, 474], [475, 527], [528, 667], [668, 771]], "first_sentence": "A parable compares one of these people, standing in the distance and beating his breast in shame, to a Pharisee who is thankful that he is not one of these people.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After this conflict, most of a country's mutamassir community left or was expelled. An alliance in this conflict signed the secret Protocol of Sevres, whose existence was later unsuccessfully denied by the British. Prior to this conflict, one of its participants had acquired Soviet weaponry via the Czech arms deal. During this conflict, Operation Musketeer was launched as a response to Operation Kadesh. (*) Anthony Eden resigned as British prime minister after this conflict, which Dwight D. Eisenhower refused to join. The Canadian prime minister Lester Pearson spearheaded a UN resolution to end this conflict, in which Israeli, British, and French forces invaded the Sinai. For 10 points, name this 1956 \"crisis\" that began after Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized an Egyptian canal.", "answer": "Suez Crisis [or Suez War; or Tripartite Aggression]", "page": "Suez_Crisis", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124377, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129331, "tokenizations": [[0, 83], [84, 214], [215, 316], [317, 406], [407, 523], [524, 680], [681, 787]], "first_sentence": "After this conflict, most of a country's mutamassir community left or was expelled.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A man with this surname now names the dance theater opposite Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center. The 501(c)(6) political group Freedom Partners is primarily funded by a family of this name. A New York City mayor with this last name provided low income housing by repurposing buildings seized in tax foreclosures, and was criticized for closing (*) bathhouses after years of inaction on AIDS. A family with this surname sponsors the Defending the American Dream Summit and made its wealth through thermal cracking; that family, whose namesake Industries own Bounty paper towels, has been a major contributor to Wisconsin governor Scott Walker. For 10 points, give this surname of Charles and David, two brothers who fund various conservative PACs.", "answer": "Koch [or David H. Koch; or Ed Koch; or Charles Koch; accept pronunciations that sound like \"Cock\", \"Coke\" or \"Cook\"]", "page": "David_Koch", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124376, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129332, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 190], [191, 392], [393, 643], [644, 747]], "first_sentence": "A man with this surname now names the dance theater opposite Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A play written in this language opens with Daja telling the title character how a Christian knight heroically saved his lover Recha from a burning house. That play in this language contains a parable of a father who does not reveal to his three sons which of the rings he gives them is genuine; that parable of the Abrahamic faiths is told to Saladin by Nathan the Wise. The protagonist of an epistolary novel in this language is overcome with emotion while reading from (*) Ossian, after which he borrows a brace of pistols from Albert and uses them to commit suicide due to his unrequited love for Lotte. For 10 points, name this language of Gotthold von Lessing, also used to write The Sorrows of Young Werther by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.", "answer": "German [or Deutsch]", "page": "German_language", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124375, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129333, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 370], [371, 606], [607, 744]], "first_sentence": "A play written in this language opens with Daja telling the title character how a Christian knight heroically saved his lover Recha from a burning house.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The type I receptor for TGF-beta functions as this kind of enzyme, exposing the nuclear localization signal on R-SMAD. A family of these enzymes dimerizes and activates STAT transcription factors. Many proteins interact with these enzymes with the help of SH2 domains. ERK 1 and 2 are activated by a three- tiered system of these enzymes in the pathway named after their (*) MAP variety. These enzymes can be classified as those that act on serine/threonine residues, and those that act on tyrosines. Cyclins regulate the cell cycle by interacting with the cyclin-dependent type of these enzymes, which perform the opposite function as phosphatases. For 10 points, name these enzymes that add a phosphate group to a target protein.", "answer": "kinases [accept JAKs; accept Janus kinases; accept just another kinases; accept MAPK before \"MAP\" is mentioned; accept MAP kinase; accept mitogen-activated protein kinases]", "page": "Kinase", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124374, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129334, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 196], [197, 268], [269, 387], [388, 500], [501, 649], [650, 731]], "first_sentence": "The type I receptor for TGF-beta functions as this kind of enzyme, exposing the nuclear localization signal on R-SMAD.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A version of this character modeled on Jean-Paul Sartre is the protagonist of a novel in which he is wounded by a bull after becoming stuck in a tree. He learns about theology from Ork and becomes entranced by the poetry recited by the Shaper in a novel that ends with him surrounded by animals, whispering that he's \"had an accident...So may you all.\" In another literary work, this character is called a \"sceadugenga\", which is translated as \"shadow-stalker\" by (*) Seamus Heaney. This subject of a 1971 John Gardner novel is described as a \"descendant of Cain\", and his wrath is first invoked after he is disturbed by the loud noise of carousing at Heorot. For 10 points, name this scourge of Hrothgar's mead hall whose arm is torn off during his clash with Beowulf.", "answer": "Grendel", "page": "Grendel", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124373, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129335, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 336], [336, 352], [353, 482], [483, 659], [660, 769]], "first_sentence": "A version of this character modeled on Jean-Paul Sartre is the protagonist of a novel in which he is wounded by a bull after becoming stuck in a tree.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "These things were placed in the fourth of the Neanderthal graves found in Shanidar Cave. The Samguk Sagi describes a force of knights named for these objects that fought for the Silla Kingdom. Vizier Ibrahim Pasha oversaw an opulent period named for a specific type of these things in the Ottoman court. These objects name the wars fought to gain captives for human sacrifices by the (*) Aztec Empire. A \"Hundred\" of these things names a campaign that briefly allowed free speech in Communist China. Prices for a specific type of these things skyrocketed during a namesake \"mania\" in the Dutch Republic. A type of these objects names the ceremonial seat of the Emperor of Japan, the Chrysanthemum Throne. For 10 points, name this sort of plant exemplified by the tulip.", "answer": "flowers [or tulips]", "page": "Flower", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124372, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129336, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 192], [193, 303], [304, 401], [402, 499], [500, 603], [604, 704], [705, 769]], "first_sentence": "These things were placed in the fourth of the Neanderthal graves found in Shanidar Cave.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This quantity is represented as the ratio between the linewidths of arrows on Sankey diagrams. The coefficient of performance is approximately the inverse of this quantity. According to the Shockley- Quiesser limit, a bandgap of 1.4 eV corresponds to a maximum of this quantity for a p-n junction in solar cells. This quantity increases slowly as the compression ratio increases, since it is a function only of that ratio and the adiabatic index for many processes. This quantity will be (*) maximized if the hot and cold reservoirs have infinite and zero temperature respectively, and in a Carnot engine, it equals one minus the ratio of those temperatures. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized eta, which equals the ratio of net work output over heat input, which would ideally be 100% for a thermodynamic cycle.", "answer": "thermodynamic efficiency [or eta until it is read]", "page": "Thermal_efficiency", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124371, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129337, "tokenizations": [[0, 94], [95, 172], [173, 312], [313, 465], [466, 658], [659, 822]], "first_sentence": "This quantity is represented as the ratio between the linewidths of arrows on Sankey diagrams.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This dynasty intermarried into several European royal houses during the reign of Amalia's husband Frederick Henry. Margaret of Parma appointed a member of this dynasty to negotiate an end to a wave of iconoclastic fury known as the Beeldenstorm. That member of this house was killed at the hands of French Catholic Balthesar Gerard in one of the first assassinations by firearm, and led several early raids during the (*) Eighty Years' War, during that \"silent\" leader served as stadtholder. A later member of this cadet branch of the House of Nassau won the Battle of the Boyne and took power in the not-entirely bloodless Glorious Revolution. For 10 points, name this dynasty that the Dutch prince William III belonged to before he became King of England.", "answer": "House of Orange-Nassau [prompt on Nassau until mentioned]", "page": "House_of_Orange-Nassau", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124370, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129338, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 245], [246, 491], [492, 644], [645, 757]], "first_sentence": "This dynasty intermarried into several European royal houses during the reign of Amalia's husband Frederick Henry.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The 2004 GaWC (GAWK) rankings identified the Alpha++ (plus plus) type of these things. Saskia Sassen introduced the \"global\" type of these things that have a direct influence on the international economy. Ernest Burgess divided these things into circular areas in his concentric zone model. George Kelling developed the broken windows theory after reading a book that claims (*) mixed-use development and density are ways of \"generating diversity\" in these things. Poorer people tend to be displaced by new development in these locations in gentrification. Walkability is one desired characteristic when planning these areas, whose roads are often laid out in radial or grid fashion. For 10 points, name these densely populated areas whose sprawl has led to the development of suburbs.", "answer": "city [or cities; or inner city; or urban areas; prompt on \"neighborhoods\"]", "page": "City", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124369, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129339, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 204], [205, 290], [291, 464], [465, 556], [557, 683], [684, 785]], "first_sentence": "The 2004 GaWC (GAWK) rankings identified the Alpha++ (plus plus) type of these things.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Near the end of this piece, an ad libitum part for a military band is introduced. This piece begins in E- flat major with a Largo melody played by just four cellos and two violas. An E-flat minor section of this piece introduces a tambourine that accompanies the folk song \"At the Gate, at My Gate.\" This piece opens with a solemn rendition of the hymn \"O Lord, Save Thy People.\" This piece quotes the (*) French anthem \"La Marseillaise\" multiple times until it is overcome by the anthem \"God Save the Tsar,\" punctuated by a series of cannon shots. For 10 points, name this overture by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky that commemorates the Battle of Borodino.", "answer": "812 Overture [or The Year 1812; or 1812 God; or 1812 Overture after \"overture\" is read]", "page": "Year", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124368, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129340, "tokenizations": [[0, 81], [82, 179], [180, 298], [298, 379], [380, 548], [549, 652]], "first_sentence": "Near the end of this piece, an ad libitum part for a military band is introduced.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This type of person is justified in standing above the universal by \"assuming the burden of the paradox\". It is impossible to tell externally whether a person is of this type, which is likened to a ballet dancer making a graceful leap that other people stumble over. This type of person gets everything back \"by virtue of the absurd,\" unlike people who merely let themselves lose everything. This sort of person is not merely a (*) tragic hero according to the pseudonymous Johannes de Silentio, who gives his highest praise to these people in an 1843 philosophy book analyzing a Biblical sacrifice. For 10 points, name this type of person, exemplified by Abraham, who trusts God even more than the \"knight of infinite resignation\" according to Soren Kierkegaard's Fear and Trembling.", "answer": "knights of faith [prompt on knight, I guess]", "page": "Knight_of_faith", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124366, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129342, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 266], [267, 391], [392, 599], [600, 784]], "first_sentence": "This type of person is justified in standing above the universal by \"assuming the burden of the paradox\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Two characters in this film argue over whether \"we\" or \"are\" should be underlined in the campaign slogan \"We are the people.\" This film's director makes a cameo appearance as a man spying on his wife, who is cheating on him with a black man. The main character flirts with a girl employed by Senator Palantine but she rejects him after he takes her to see a Swedish (*) sex education film. After shaving his hair into a mohawk, the main character goes on a rampage to rescue Iris, a child prostitute played by Jodie Foster. In its most famous scene, the main character, Travis Bickle, looks at himself in the mirror and asks \"You talkin' to me?\" For 10 points, name this Martin Scorsese-directed film starring Robert De Niro as a violent cabbie.", "answer": "Taxi Driver", "page": "Taxi_Driver", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124365, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129343, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [124, 241], [242, 309], [310, 389], [390, 523], [524, 645], [646, 745]], "first_sentence": "Two characters in this film argue over whether \"we\" or \"are\" should be underlined in the campaign slogan \"We are the people.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A 2002 novel of this name is followed by the novels Bro and 23,000 in a namesake trilogy by Vladimir Sorokin. Sally Carrol Harper has an epiphany while visiting her fiance Harry Bellamy's family in an F. Scott Fitzgerald story whose title contains this adjective. This substance is said to be \"the greatest invention of our time\" in a novel that opens with a man facing a firing squad and remembering his (*) father taking him to see it for the first time. The first line of One Hundred Years of Solitude mentions this substance, a variety of which causes a global catastrophe when Papa Monzano's corpse, which has been exposed to it, touches the ocean in a Kurt Vonnegut novel. For 10 points, name this substance, which appears in Cat's Cradle in its dangerous \"nine\" form.", "answer": "ice [prompt on \"water\" or \"frozen water\"; accept \"The Ice Palace\" or ice-nine or lyod or hielo]", "page": "Ice-nine", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124364, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129344, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 263], [264, 456], [457, 678], [679, 774]], "first_sentence": "A 2002 novel of this name is followed by the novels Bro and 23,000 in a namesake trilogy by Vladimir Sorokin.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man won an election for a university administrative position after his opponent, the Earl of Powis, was killed by his own son during a pheasant shoot. This man took a personal role in amending the designs of Balmoral Castle, which became one of his personal residences. A month before dying of typhoid fever, this man urged moderation in the resolution of the Trent Affair. The Proms are annually held in a concert hall dedicated to this man. With Henry Cole, this man organized an event for which he hired the (*) greenhouse designer Joseph Paxton to build a massive cast iron and glass structure in Hyde Park. This Saxe- Coburg-born man ordered the creation of the Crystal Palace for the 1851 Great Exhibition. For 10 points, name this prince-consort of Queen Victoria.", "answer": "Prince Albert [or Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; or Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel]", "page": "Albert,_Prince_Consort", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124363, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129345, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 274], [275, 378], [379, 447], [448, 616], [617, 717], [718, 776]], "first_sentence": "This man won an election for a university administrative position after his opponent, the Earl of Powis, was killed by his own son during a pheasant shoot.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Curved examples of these structures in extensional regimes can be termed listric. Minor examples of these structures are termed antithetic or synthetic depending on their relation to the master. When two of these structures are separated and angled away or toward each other, they form horsts and grabens. These structures are characterized by the rocks breccia, cataclasites, and pseudotachylyte. Brittle (*) deformation characterizes the damage zone surrounding them. Their angle from the horizontal is the \"dip\". Obliques examples of these zones of visible shear displacement have a non-vertical surface between their hanging walls and footwalls. For 10 points, name these geologic structures that occur in normal and reverse types and include the San Andreas.", "answer": "faults [or shear fractures; or microfaults]", "page": "Fault_(geology)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124362, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129346, "tokenizations": [[0, 81], [82, 194], [195, 305], [306, 397], [398, 469], [470, 515], [516, 649], [650, 763]], "first_sentence": "Curved examples of these structures in extensional regimes can be termed listric.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A proto-socialist, free love-promoting reformer of this religion taught that inequality empowered the \"Five Demons\" of Envy, Wrath, Vengeance, Greed, and Need. Adherents to this religion perform an \"offering to the waters\" during the recitation of a text whose seventy-two chapters each correspond to the one of the white threads that make up the sacred girdle. Wholeness, Immortality, and Good Purpose are among the six \"divine sparks\" in this religion, which posits that the ideals of (*) \"asha\" and \"druj\" are in cosmic conflict. A community of its followers in India called the Parsis are virtually the only remaining community to worship at fire temples. For 10 points, name this religion based on the Avesta, which reveres Ahura Mazda and was founded in ancient Iran.", "answer": "Zoroastrianism [or Zarathustraism; or Mazdaism before \"Mazda\" is read; or Magianism; accept Mazdakism before \"Mazda\" is read]", "page": "Zoroastrianism", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124361, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129347, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 361], [362, 532], [533, 659], [660, 773]], "first_sentence": "A proto-socialist, free love-promoting reformer of this religion taught that inequality empowered the \"Five Demons\" of Envy, Wrath, Vengeance, Greed, and Need.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One member of this movement made illustrations of fashion designs by Madeleine Vionet (vyo-nay) for the Gazette du bon ton. That artist also designed a unisex \"TuTa\" suit and went by the mononym Thayaht. Artists from this movement advocated an \"interpenetration of planes\" to integrate objects with their surroundings. A painting from this movement represents a dachshund's legs as multiple (*) blurs, and a sculpture from this movement depicts a striding humanoid with flame-like curves flowing from its legs. This movement produced Dynamism of Dog on a Leash and Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, and its manifesto was written by Filippo Marinetti. For 10 points, name this Italian art movement which included Giacomo Balla and Umberto Boccioni, and emphasized speed and modernity.", "answer": "Futurism [or Futurismo or Futurist] ", "page": "Futurism", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124360, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129348, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 203], [204, 318], [319, 510], [511, 653], [654, 786]], "first_sentence": "One member of this movement made illustrations of fashion designs by Madeleine Vionet (vyo-nay) for the Gazette du bon ton.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "While serving as resident general of this country, Marshall Lyautey used his \"ink blot\" strategy of pacification. Before he was thrown to some lions, Bou Hmara was a pretender to this nation's throne. At a conference held in this country, Churchill and FDR first articulated the demand of \"unconditional surrender.\" European powers settled a \"question\" about this nation at the Algeciras Conference. In the (*) Green March, this country sought to assert its claim to a neighboring territory. Under Muhammad V of the Alaouite Dynasty, this country gained its independence from France, which had established a protectorate over this country after the German gunboat Panther arrived here in the Agadir Crisis. For 10 points, name this North African country, site of the Casablanca Conference.", "answer": "Kingdom of Morocco", "page": "Morocco", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124359, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129349, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 200], [201, 315], [316, 399], [400, 491], [492, 706], [707, 789]], "first_sentence": "While serving as resident general of this country, Marshall Lyautey used his \"ink blot\" strategy of pacification.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The protagonist of this novel is warned about \"cloppers\" by Tony Savo. A character in this novel spends five straight days explicating the various \"thought units\" of a difficult inyan, after which he is warned not to use his \"scientific\" method of reconstruction by his teacher. Another character in this novel tells a story about his brother's death in Auschwitz to explain why he raises his son in silence. After a character in this novel hits another in the face with a (*) line drive at a baseball game, they meet in a hospital, where one reveals his desire to become a Freudian psychologist, rather than a tzaddik as his father Reb Saunders wishes. For 10 points, name this novel about two boys, the Orthodox Reuven and the Hasidic Danny, by Chaim Potok.", "answer": "The Chosen", "page": "The_Chosen_(Potok_novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124358, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129350, "tokenizations": [[0, 70], [71, 278], [279, 408], [409, 653], [654, 759]], "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel is warned about \"cloppers\" by Tony Savo.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the 1980s, this body of water was the testing ground for a 240-foot-long military aircraft designed to only fly 10 feet above the water's surface, known as its namesake \"Monster\". Its eastern shore is indented by a hypersaline lagoon known as the Garabogazkol, and its western shore is home to the port of Rasht and the Absheron Peninsula. This body of water causes lake-effect snows to fall on Mount (*) Damavand, the tallest of the Alborz mountains to its south. An oil boom from discoveries in this body of water has brought wealth to Astrakhan and the port of Baku. For 10 points, the Volga River flows into what landlocked Central Asian \"sea\" east of the Caucasus?", "answer": "Caspian Sea", "page": "Caspian_Sea", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124357, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129351, "tokenizations": [[0, 182], [183, 342], [343, 467], [468, 572], [573, 672]], "first_sentence": "In the 1980s, this body of water was the testing ground for a 240-foot-long military aircraft designed to only fly 10 feet above the water's surface, known as its namesake \"Monster\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "While employed at one of these places, Hollis Lomax clashes with the title character of John Williams's novel Stoner. The black conservative Monty Kipps and his liberal rival Howard Belsey are employed at one of these places in Zadie Smith's On Beauty. A rash of suicides at one of these places is caused by the arrival of Zuleika Dobson in a Max Beerbohm novella. An employee of one of these places leaves his coworker and girlfriend Margaret Peel in favor of Christine Callaghan after mocking his boss, Ned (*) Welch, during a speech on \"Merrie England\". Another of these places is where Charles Ryder meets and befriends Sebastian Flyte in Brideshead Revisited. For 10 points, identify the setting of Kingsley Amis's Lucky Jim, as well as David Lodge's Campus Trilogy.", "answer": "colleges [or universities; or college campus(es); or university campus(es); prompt on \"campuses\" or \"schools\"]", "page": "College", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124356, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129352, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 252], [253, 364], [365, 556], [557, 664], [665, 771]], "first_sentence": "While employed at one of these places, Hollis Lomax clashes with the title character of John Williams's novel Stoner.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This process \"activates\" cell sorting in the most common method of flow cytometry. This process corresponds to the decay from S1 to S0 without internal conversion on a Jablonski diagram. This phenomenon is \"recovered\" after photobleaching in a technique used to study the cell membrane. The Stern-Volmer equation gives the decrease in quantum yield of this process in the presence of (*) quenchers. A common reporter protein which undergoes this process has a serine-tyrosine-glycine motif in a beta barrel. An arrow drawn from the excited to ground state represents this phenomenon, in which electrons absorb energy, and then emit at a lower wavelength, generating light. For 10 points, name this type of luminescence shown by GFP.", "answer": "fluorescence [or word forms; prompt on luminescence]", "page": "Fluorescence", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124355, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129353, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 186], [187, 286], [287, 398], [399, 507], [508, 672], [673, 732]], "first_sentence": "This process \"activates\" cell sorting in the most common method of flow cytometry.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "As Attorney General, a future holder of this position tried to bar the Communist Egon Kisch from entering the country and got the nickname \"Pig-Iron Bob\" for forcing workers to ship iron to Japan. John Kerr dismissed a holder of this position during a 1975 constitutional crisis. This office was held by a man who gave a radio speech about the Forgotten People and by a Vietnam War enthusiast who disappeared while snorkeling. In 2008, the holder of this position finally acted on the (*) Bringing Them Home report and issued an apology to the Stolen Generations. The longest-serving holder of this position was succeeded by Harold Holt and entered his country into SEATO and ANZUS. For 10 points, name this office held by Robert Menzies, Kevin Rudd, and Tony Abbott.", "answer": " Prime Minister of Australia", "page": "Prime_Minister_of_Australia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124354, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129354, "tokenizations": [[0, 196], [197, 279], [280, 426], [427, 563], [564, 682], [683, 767]], "first_sentence": "As Attorney General, a future holder of this position tried to bar the Communist Egon Kisch from entering the country and got the nickname \"Pig-Iron Bob\" for forcing workers to ship iron to Japan.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The expression of an enzyme produced by this system is visually confirmed in a blue-white screen. A scientist who studied this system theorized that it is characterized by the \"diauxic growth\" model. IPTG is an analog of a compound that induces this system. EIIA shuts down a permease enzyme and the catabolite activator protein, or CAP, inactivates this set of genes during unfavorable (*) environmental conditions. However, when conditions are right, cAMP binds to CAP, promoting this set of genes. Jacob and Monod won the Nobel for discovering this set of genes, which produces beta-galactosidase and is turned off when glucose is available. For 10 points, name this operon in E. coli which controls the metabolism of a sugar found in milk.", "answer": "lac operon [or lactose operon; prompt on operon until mentioned]", "page": "Lac_operon", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124353, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129355, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 199], [200, 257], [258, 416], [417, 500], [501, 644], [645, 743]], "first_sentence": "The expression of an enzyme produced by this system is visually confirmed in a blue-white screen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A visitor to this place is given a box containing his old age, which he is told never to open, and travels forward 300 years in time when he departs this place. Hoori (HO-oh-ree) marries this realm's princess Otohime, the daughter of its ruler Watatsumi. After traversing this location, the Hare of Inaba is skinned by angry wanizame. A god of this place puts his son-in-law Okuninushi through a series of tests, and earlier transforms a young girl into a comb in order to slay the eight- (*) headed serpent Yamato-no-Orochi. That god of this place tosses a flayed horse at his sister, who flees into a cave. The nose of Izanagi produces a god of storms and this realm who is the brother of Tsukiyomi and Amaterasu. For 10 points, identify this domain ruled by Susanoo.", "answer": "the ocean [or the bottom of the sea; the seas; or underwater; or underwater palace; or dragon palace; or umi; or Ryugu-jo; or obvious equivalents; prompt on water; prompt on palace; do not accept \"rivers\"]", "page": "Underwater", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124352, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129356, "tokenizations": [[0, 160], [161, 254], [255, 334], [335, 525], [526, 608], [609, 715], [716, 769]], "first_sentence": "A visitor to this place is given a box containing his old age, which he is told never to open, and travels forward 300 years in time when he departs this place.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author called time \"the fatal wrack of mortal things\" in the long poem Contemplations. A poem by this author includes the lines \"I prize thy love more than whole Mines of gold\" and \"My love is such that Rivers cannot quench\". One of this author's poems states \"that fearful cry of 'fire' and 'fire,' let no man know was my desire\". This poet is asked \"moved you not restless, waiting for him?\" in John Berryman's (*) \"Homage\" to her. She addressed a poem to the \"ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain\" and wrote the line \"If ever two were one, surely we\". This author of \"To My Dear and Loving Husband\" included her poem \"The Author to Her Book\" in The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America. For 10 points, name this female Puritan poet from colonial Massachusetts.", "answer": "Anne Bradstreet [or Mistress Bradstreet; or Anne Dudley]", "page": "Anne_Bradstreet", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124351, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129357, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 230], [231, 336], [337, 398], [399, 438], [439, 562], [563, 670], [671, 699], [700, 773]], "first_sentence": "This author called time \"the fatal wrack of mortal things\" in the long poem Contemplations.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "When this man assumed his highest post, an observer warned \"Now we are in the power of a wolf... And if we do not flee, he will inevitably devour us all.\" This man put to rest any rumors that his son Gioffre had murdered his other son Giovanni. This man commissioned Pinturicchio to decorate his namesake apartments and organized the simultaneous opening of the holy doors of the four major basilicas as part of the Jubilee for the year (*) 1500. Charles VIII formed a coalition against this nephew of Calixtus III, who issued bulls dividing Spanish and Portuguese claims in the New World, and excommunicated Girolamo Savonarola. This Pope's son inspired Machiavelli's The Prince. For 10 points, name this Spanish-born pope, father of the notorious Lucrezia and Cesare (say-ZAR-ay).", "answer": "Alexander VI [or Rodrigo Borja y Doms; or Rodrigo Borgia; prompt on Alexander]", "page": "Pope_Alexander_VI", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124350, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129358, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 153], [153, 244], [245, 446], [447, 629], [630, 680], [681, 782]], "first_sentence": "When this man assumed his highest post, an observer warned \"Now we are in the power of a wolf...", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One poem about this man commands \"Earth, receive an honoured guest / [This man] is laid to rest.\" That poem mentions how \"the brooks were frozen, the airports almost deserted\" on the day when \"he disappeared in the dead of winter.\" This author asked \"What can I but enumerate old themes\" in a poem whose final stanza concludes with the speaker laying down \"where all the ladders start / in the (*) foul rag and bone shop of the heart\". This author, whose death was the subject of a poem by W.H. Auden, wrote a poem that asks \"What rough beast, its hour come round at last, / slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?\" For 10 points, name this Irish poet of \"The Circus Animals' Desertion\" who included the line \"Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold\" in his \"The Second Coming.\"", "answer": "William Butler Yeats", "page": "W._B._Yeats", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124349, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129359, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 97], [98, 231], [232, 435], [436, 613], [613, 779]], "first_sentence": "One poem about this man commands \"Earth, receive an honoured guest /", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The dynamic theory of these phenomena models them as systems that include an amphidromic point. The namesake producing force of these phenomena is approximately ten to the seven times smaller than the force of Earth's gravity. A set of partial differential equations that govern these phenomena was developed by (*) Laplace. The equilibrium theory of these phenomena was first proposed in Newton's Principia Mathematica and models the Earth as a geoid. That theory allows for an intuitive description of their spring-neap cycle and their namesake bulge. Most places experience semi-diurnal ones. For 10 points, name these phenomena of which there are typically two \"high\" and two \"low\" every day.", "answer": "tides", "page": "Tide", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124348, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129360, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 226], [227, 324], [325, 452], [453, 553], [554, 595], [596, 696]], "first_sentence": "The dynamic theory of these phenomena models them as systems that include an amphidromic point.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The group named for this shape is isomorphic to R mod Z. An inversion in the plane is defined based on one of these figures. The product of the two halves of a pair of segments which intersect in these shapes are equal, according to the power of a point theorem. One of these shapes in the complex plane is given by plotting the equation absolute value of z equals 5. Tangents to these shapes are always (*) perpendicular to the line through their center and the point of tangency. An ancient problem asks if it is possible to construct a square with area equal to a given one of these shapes. The intersection of the angle bisectors of a triangle gives the center of an inscribed one of these figures. For 10 points, identify these shapes, which have area equal to pi r-squared.", "answer": "circles", "page": "Circle", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124347, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129361, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 262], [263, 367], [368, 481], [482, 593], [594, 702], [703, 779]], "first_sentence": "The group named for this shape is isomorphic to R mod Z. An inversion in the plane is defined based on one of these figures.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "When a noblewoman protested this man's suppression of a revolt, he supposedly fired back \"As an old woman you should not anoint yourself with oils.\" This man prosecuted Cimon for accepting bribes from Alexander I of Macedon. This man's son of the same name was long excluded from political life because he was born to a hetaira from Miletus. This man said that \"famous men have the whole earth as their memorial\" in a speech coined the term (*) \"equal justice under law.\" This lover of Aspasia urged citizens to stay behind the \"Long Walls,\" commissioned Phidias to build many monuments, and died in a plague that afflicted his city in 429 BCE. For 10 points, name this deliverer of a famous \"funeral oration,\" a statesman who led Athens at the start of the Peloponnesian War.", "answer": "Pericles", "page": "Pericles", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124346, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129362, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [147, 148], [149, 224], [225, 341], [342, 470], [470, 644], [645, 776]], "first_sentence": "When a noblewoman protested this man's suppression of a revolt, he supposedly fired back \"As an old woman you should not anoint yourself with oils.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Clomifene citrate, a SERM-class drug, induces this process. Baboons and felines are among the animals for whom this process is apparently asymptomatic, or \"concealed.\" Pain accompanying this process is referred to with the German word Mittelschmerz. This process is accompanied by a one-half to one degree increase in basal body temperature. During this process, a de Graaf's (*) follicle ruptures and later transforms into the corpus luteum. FSH and LH stimulate this event, after which cells begin to travel to the fallopian tube. For 10 points, name this process that occurs 14 days into the menstrual cycle, in which secondary oocytes are released from the ovary.", "answer": "ovulation [prompt on menstruation; prompt on menstrual cycle; prompt on periods; prompt on releasing egg cells or related answers; prompt on estrous cycle]", "page": "Ovulation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124345, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129363, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [166, 167], [168, 249], [250, 341], [342, 442], [443, 532], [533, 667]], "first_sentence": "Clomifene citrate, a SERM-class drug, induces this process. Baboons and felines are among the animals for whom this process is apparently asymptomatic, or \"concealed.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Playing a first-inversion Neapolitan sixth chord in this note's major key produces a chord whose bottom note is a C. A scale played using only white keys is in the Mixolydian mode if it begins on this note. To change this note's natural minor scale to its harmonic minor scale, an F-natural is raised to an F- sharp. The second-lowest-pitched string on a viola is tuned to this note, whose minor key is the relative minor of (*) B-flat major and has two flats. This note's minor key was used to write Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphonies No. 25 and 40, while its major key, which has one sharp, was used to write Eine kleine Nachtmusik. For 10 points, name this note which lies a whole step between F and A.", "answer": "G", "page": "G", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124344, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129364, "tokenizations": [[0, 206], [207, 316], [317, 460], [461, 636], [637, 707]], "first_sentence": "Playing a first-inversion Neapolitan sixth chord in this note's major key produces a chord whose bottom note is a C. A scale played using only white keys is in the Mixolydian mode if it begins on this note.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a novel from this country, the dying protagonist imagines death as a beautiful woman in traveling clothes. That novel from this country ends with three sisters throwing their father's taxidermied dog onto a rubbish heap. A character from this country meets Aglie\u0300, who may be the immortal Comte de Saint- Germain, while in Brazil after the disappearance of Colonel Ardenti. Three employees of Garamond Publishing use the computer (*) Abulafia to invent \"the Plan\" in a novel by an author from this country who also created an abbey housing a copy of a lost Aristotle work that is visited by Adso of Melk and William of Baskerville. For 10 points, name this country home to the author of The Leopard and the author of Foucault's Pendulum and The Name of the Rose, Umberto Eco.", "answer": "Italy [or Italia; or Italian Republic]", "page": "Italy", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124343, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129365, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 223], [224, 376], [377, 634], [635, 778]], "first_sentence": "In a novel from this country, the dying protagonist imagines death as a beautiful woman in traveling clothes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this book uncovers an assassination attempt by two guards named Bigthana and Teresh. A character in this book is married to Zeresh and is undone when the king sees him \"falling on the couch\" that is wife is resting on. Along with the Song of Songs, this is the only book of the Bible that does not explicitly mention God by name. The title character of this book replaces (*) Vashti in the court of Ahasuerus. The villain of this book orders the construction of a 75-foot gallows that he himself is eventually hanged from. Purim commemorates the events of this book, whose title character and her cousin Mordecai prevent Haman from massacring her people. For 10 points, name this Old Testament book in which the title Jewish woman becomes Queen of Persia.", "answer": "Book of Esther [prompt on Megillah]", "page": "Book_of_Esther", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124342, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129366, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 233], [234, 344], [345, 424], [425, 537], [538, 669], [670, 770]], "first_sentence": "A character in this book uncovers an assassination attempt by two guards named Bigthana and Teresh.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The\u0301ophile Thore\u0301 revived interest in the study of this artist through an article in the Gazette de Beaux written under the pseudonym \"Willem Bu\u0308rger.\" A painting by this artist includes a strangely empty bell tower of the Nieuwe (NIV-uh) Kerk. In another painting by this artist, a pair of slippers lies on the floor of a hallway through which the viewer stares, as if intruding on the room within. In that painting, a woman with a (*) lute shows a piece of paper to her maid. This artist of The Love Letter included a fishing boat in a painting of his hometown seen from across the river. He also painted a tronie in which the unkown sitter wears a yellow- and-blue turban . For 10 points, name this Dutch painter of View of Delft and Girl With a Pearl Earring.", "answer": "Jan Vermeer [or Johannes Vermeer or Johannes Van der Meer]", "page": "Johannes_Vermeer", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124341, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129367, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 244], [245, 399], [400, 477], [478, 590], [591, 676], [677, 763]], "first_sentence": "The\u0301ophile Thore\u0301 revived interest in the study of this artist through an article in the Gazette de Beaux written under the pseudonym \"Willem Bu\u0308rger.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Synchronized swimmers often use this substance in a process called \"knoxing.\" A \"10% ballistic\" formula of this material is used to simulate the effects of bullet wounds. Richard Leach Maddox invented a photographic process in which silver salts are suspended in it. A dichromated form of this material is often used in holography. This material is commonly used to give shape to (*) marshmallows, and substitutes for it include pectin and carageenan. It is produced from the hydrolysis of collagen, and its main sources include pig skins and cow hides. For 10 points, name this wobbly, translucent material used to make aspics and Jell-O.", "answer": "gelatine", "page": "Gelatin", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124340, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129368, "tokenizations": [[0, 77], [78, 170], [171, 266], [267, 331], [332, 451], [452, 553], [554, 639]], "first_sentence": "Synchronized swimmers often use this substance in a process called \"knoxing.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A woman born into this family was a pioneering motorist who competed under the pseudonym \"Snail.\" When a member of this family decided to visit Athens, the Greek government tried to ban the tradition of burning Judas' effigy, leading the populace to vent their frustrations on Don Pacifico. Another member of this family used carrier pigeons to learn about the outcome of the Battle of Waterloo one day before the British government did. This dynasty arose in the Frankfurt (*) ghetto and was founded by Mayer Amschel. The Balfour Declaration was originally addressed to a member of this family. Its member Lionel provided funds to Benjamin Disraeli so that Britain could purchase a controlling interest in the Suez Canal. For 10 points, name this Jewish banking family.", "answer": "Rothschild family", "page": "Rothschild_family", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124339, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129369, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [96, 290], [291, 437], [438, 518], [519, 595], [596, 722], [723, 770]], "first_sentence": "A woman born into this family was a pioneering motorist who competed under the pseudonym \"Snail.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of these places is home to a preacher for the Church of the Quivering Brethren and a visiting writer named Mr. Mybug. A handbook called The Higher Common Sense is used by Flora Poste to solve the Starkadders' problems in a Stella Gibbons novel titled for one of these places called Cold Comfort. Residents of another of these places fantasize about a place where it is Sunday every day called (*) Sugarcandy Mountain. The \"Battle of the Windmill\" is fought at one of these places, which is home to a character who repeats \"I will work harder\" before being sent to the knackers. In a novel titled for one of them, Old Major introduces the song \"Beasts of England.\" For 10 points, what type of place is home to animals like Snowball and Napoleon in a George Orwell novel?", "answer": "farms [accept Cold Comfort Farm or Animal Farm]", "page": "Foundation_for_Ancient_Research_and_Mormon_Studies", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124338, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129370, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 299], [300, 421], [422, 581], [582, 667], [668, 773]], "first_sentence": "One of these places is home to a preacher for the Church of the Quivering Brethren and a visiting writer named Mr. Mybug.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Griffith's criterion sets the square root of the product of Young's modulus and this quantity for a solid equal to a constant to determine if a material fractures. The pressure differential inside a bubble equals four times this quantity over the radius of the bubble. Electrowetting is used when this quantity is high in order to decrease the contact angle. This quantity equals the increase in Gibbs energy per increase in (*) exposed area. If this quantity is negative, then a liquid in a barometer forms a concave meniscus. This value, which is given in dynes per centimeter and symbolized either sigma or gamma, leads to capillary action. For 10 points, name this quantity which is positive when cohesion is stronger than adhesion, and causes molecules at an interface to cling to each other.", "answer": "surface tension [or surface energy density]", "page": "Surface_tension", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124337, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129371, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 268], [269, 358], [359, 442], [443, 527], [528, 643], [644, 797]], "first_sentence": "Griffith's criterion sets the square root of the product of Young's modulus and this quantity for a solid equal to a constant to determine if a material fractures.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man in this office made a replica of a symbolic signet ring he dropped in a well and was buried in a Jewish cemetery after his murder by Egyptian rebels. A prayer duel occurred during a naval battle won by forces fighting for a holder of this position, the Battle of the Masts. A general who worked for two people with this position won the Battle of Yarmouk against the army of Emperor Heraclius and fought the Ridda Wars. The assassination of a holder of this office sparked the First (*) Fitna, during which his successor won the Battle of the Camel against Aisha. The Rashidun, or \"Rightly Guided\" holders of this office included Abu Bakr and Umar. For 10 points, name this highest temporal position in the early Islamic world which was also held by rulers of the Umayyad dynasty.", "answer": "caliph [or caliphate; or khalifa; or kilafa; accept \"Rashidun caliphs,\" \"Rightly Guided caliphs,\" or equivalents until \"Mu'awiyah\"; prompt on Amir al-Mu'minin', Miramolinus, Commander of the Faithful, or equivalents]", "page": "Caliphate", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124336, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129372, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 279], [280, 425], [426, 569], [570, 654], [655, 786]], "first_sentence": "A man in this office made a replica of a symbolic signet ring he dropped in a well and was buried in a Jewish cemetery after his murder by Egyptian rebels.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This country's capital, which contains an International Center of Culture nicknamed \"La Piramida\" for its sloping shape, can be observed from the peak of Mount Dajt. Hundreds of thousands of hemispherical concrete containers were built all over this country during its phase of \"bunkerization.\" The Buna river runs through this country's historic city of (*) Shkodra. An ancient port once called Epidamnos and then Dyrrhacium is now this country's port of Durres. This country's namesake language has northern and southern dialects called Gheg and Tosk, which are also spoken by its namesake ethnic group in nearby Kosovo. For 10 points, name this country bordering the Adriatic Sea, the ex-Communist northwestern neighbor of Greece.", "answer": "Albania [or Shqiperia]", "page": "Albania", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124335, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129373, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 293], [293, 367], [368, 463], [464, 622], [623, 733]], "first_sentence": "This country's capital, which contains an International Center of Culture nicknamed \"La Piramida\" for its sloping shape, can be observed from the peak of Mount Dajt.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The structure of these organs may be written out as a formula containing degree symbols, superscript 'r's and 'o's, and square and curly brackets. In many families, two parts of this structure are combined into a single organ called the \"column.\" The development of these structures depends on the additive effect of three kinds of genes according to the ABC model. An organism's ability to develop these structures is known as (*) vernalization. The outermost part of this structure, comprising the corolla and the calyx, is known as the perianth. A classic example of coevolution is the development of these organs and the evolution of bumblebees, which interact with their stamens. For 10 points, name these reproductive organs of angiosperms, where pollen is produced.", "answer": "flowers [prompt on stamens until mentioned; prompt on carpals; prompt on stamens until mentioned; prompt on sepals; prompt on anthers; prompt on corollas until mentioned; prompt on calyxes until mentioned; prompt on perianths until mentioned]", "page": "Flower", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124334, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129374, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 245], [245, 365], [366, 446], [447, 548], [549, 684], [685, 772]], "first_sentence": "The structure of these organs may be written out as a formula containing degree symbols, superscript 'r's and 'o's, and square and curly brackets.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Several characters in this profession, including Crack, Dime, and the protagonist, discuss a film deal with Norman Oglesby and participate in a show with Destiny's Child at a Cowboys game in Ben Fountain's novel Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk. One character in this profession likes to suck on a white pebble from New Jersey sent to him by Martha and was a companion of Ted Lavender. Henry Dobbins, Curt Lemon, and (*) Rat Kiley are people of this profession who appear in a short story collection whose namesake story is titled for objects like comic books, love letters, flak jackets, and jungle boots. For 10 points, name this profession of Jimmy Cross, the protagonist of Tim O'Brien's short story \"The Things They Carried\".", "answer": "soldiers [or American soldiers; or troops; or infantrymen; or servicemen; or Marines; or military employees]", "page": "Soldier", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124333, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129375, "tokenizations": [[0, 244], [245, 384], [385, 605], [606, 729]], "first_sentence": "Several characters in this profession, including Crack, Dime, and the protagonist, discuss a film deal with Norman Oglesby and participate in a show with Destiny's Child at a Cowboys game in Ben Fountain's novel Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "All of human society was likened to one of these locales in the social theory of Yale social scientists John Dollard and Neal Miller. A circular example of this type of locale filled with water, named for Richard E. Morris, is used in studies of tactile memory. In experiments, the \"T\" type of these places is the simplest variant, and their first use in the social sciences was inspired by the (*) garden at Hampton Court Palace. \"Latent learning\" was proposed by Edward Tolman after his observations of subjects in these locales led to his theory of cognitive mapping. Harvey Carr helped observe some hilarious failures to use these locales in John B. Watson's Kerplunk! experiment. For 10 points, name these convoluted constructs through which laboratory rats are often run.", "answer": "mazes [or labyrinths]", "page": "Maze", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124332, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129376, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 261], [262, 432], [432, 570], [571, 684], [685, 777]], "first_sentence": "All of human society was likened to one of these locales in the social theory of Yale social scientists John Dollard and Neal Miller.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in one of this man's novels breaks a lipstick-stained white bowl shortly before disappearing, possibly to follow her mother in committing suicide. A huge black birthmark mars the breast of Chikako, who attempts to interfere with the protagonist's plan to marry Yukiko, whose handkerchief bore the title pattern of a novel by this man. This creator of Kikuji Mitani wrote a novel in which a (*) fire at a former silkworm cocoon warehouse results in the death of Yoko. A self-made expert on Western ballet created by this author engages in a liaison with the geisha Komako while visiting the hot springs in the novel's title region. For 10 points, name this first Japanese winner of the literature Nobel, the author of Thousand Cranes and Snow Country.", "answer": "Yasunari Kawabata [accept names in either order]", "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124331, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129377, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 346], [347, 478], [479, 642], [643, 762]], "first_sentence": "A character in one of this man's novels breaks a lipstick-stained white bowl shortly before disappearing, possibly to follow her mother in committing suicide.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This artist showed three men from Vermont leaning on a car parked next to a tent in a work captioned \"Little Money.\" This artist collaborated with Pirkle Jones in depicting the desolation of Monticello, California before it was submerged under Lake Beryessa. That collaboration was published as the \"Death of a Valley\" issue of Aperture magazine. A picture taken by this artist shows Japanese children saying the (*) pledge of allegiance, and she also documented the Manzanar Japanese internment camp. While working for the Farm Safety Administration, she photographed Florence Owens Thomson and her two children at a campsite during the Great Depression. For 10 points, name this American photographer who took Migrant Mother.", "answer": "Dorothea Lange", "page": "Dorothea_Lange", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124329, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129379, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [115, 116], [117, 258], [259, 346], [347, 501], [502, 655], [656, 727]], "first_sentence": "This artist showed three men from Vermont leaning on a car parked next to a tent in a work captioned \"Little Money.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Garry Wills called this man the \"last liberal\" in a book subtitled \"The Crisis of the Self-Made Man.\" Howard K. Smith broadcast a premature \"political obituary\" for this man, who echoed former opponent Manchester Boddy when he claimed that Senate candidate Helen Gahagan Douglas was \"pink right down to her underwear.\" This man claimed that his wife had a \"respectable Republican cloth coat\" in a speech in which he addressed allegations that he had misused political reimbursement (*) funds and adamantly refused to give up his children's new pet dog. This giver of the \"Checkers Speech\" appeared sweaty and nervous in a series of four televised debates. For 10 points, name this politician who lost to John F. Kennedy in the 1960 election, but won the presidency eight years later.", "answer": "Richard Nixon [or Richard Milhous Nixon]", "page": "Richard_Nixon", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124328, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129380, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 317], [317, 318], [319, 552], [553, 655], [656, 783]], "first_sentence": "Garry Wills called this man the \"last liberal\" in a book subtitled \"The Crisis of the Self-Made Man.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The first self-assembling monolayers were formed by alkane-thiols bonding to this metal. Colloidal particles of this element are used to stain in electron microscopy. A cross-section proportional to the fourth power of the cosecant was first proposed for elastic scattering off this element. This metal has +1 and +3 oxidation states. This metal does not dissolve in nitric acid, but does (*) dissolve in a 1:3 mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids. This element was described as a piece of tissue paper, deflecting a cannonball, into a ring of zinc sulfide, during the experiment which discovered the nucleus. It is the most malleable and ductile metal. For 10 points, name this element with symbol Au.", "answer": "gold [or Au until it is read]", "page": "Gold", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124327, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129381, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 166], [167, 291], [292, 334], [335, 452], [453, 613], [614, 657], [658, 706]], "first_sentence": "The first self-assembling monolayers were formed by alkane-thiols bonding to this metal.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This is the name most commonly used to refer to a man whom Livy claims was the first to free a slave using the vindicta staff. This is also the name most commonly used to refer to a man who quoted Euripides' Medea by asking \"Forget not, Zeus, the author of these ills,\" and had his corpse covered in an expensive purple mantle. The earlier man led the overthrow of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus and founded the Roman (*) Republic. Lucius Junius was the ancestor of a son of Servilia with this name who killed himself at the Battle of Philippi, supposedly originated the expression sic semper tyrannis, and was asked \"You too, child?\" For 10 points, give the name most commonly used to refer to the man who led a conspiracy with Cassius to assassinate Julius Caesar.", "answer": "Brutus [or Brute; or Lucius Junius Brutus; or Marcus Junius Brutus; prompt on Junius until it is read]", "page": "Brutus", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124326, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129382, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 327], [328, 427], [428, 630], [631, 762]], "first_sentence": "This is the name most commonly used to refer to a man whom Livy claims was the first to free a slave using the vindicta staff.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character this novel is asked to hold a paper rose and smile while having her picture taken, but she bursts into tears. A disastrous date in this novel ends with the \"country club gentleman\" Marco attempting to rape the protagonist. A spoiled batch of crab salad causes an outbreak of food poisoning in this novel, whose protagonist befriends Doreen after winning a scholarship donated by Philomena Guinea and has a tumultuous relationship with (*) Buddy Willard. It opens with the protagonist musing \"It was a queer, sultry summer, the summer they electrocuted the Rosenbergs\", before leaving for an internship at Ladies' Day in New York. For 10 points, name this novel about the suicidal writer Esther Greenwood, a thinly-disguised version of its author, Sylvia Plath.", "answer": "The Bell Jar", "page": "The_Bell_Jar", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124325, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129383, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 234], [235, 465], [466, 641], [642, 772]], "first_sentence": "A character this novel is asked to hold a paper rose and smile while having her picture taken, but she bursts into tears.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "PTTH stimulates the corpora allata to prevent this process by secreting juvenile hormone. A substage of this process ends with an eclosion which leaves behind an exuvium. Prolactin inhibits this process, whereas thyroxin promotes it. All amphibians except for (*) axolotls undergo it. A gradual form of this process known as hemimetabolism is undergone by nymphs via several rounds of ecdysis. A group of organisms that undergo this process enter an intermediate, inactive stage known as the pupa, or chrysalis. For 10 points, name this drastic post-birth transformation of an animal to its adult form, exemplified by caterpillars becoming butterflies.", "answer": "metamorphosis [or word forms; prompt on pupation; prompt on ecdysis before mentioned; prompt on molting before mentioned] ", "page": "Metamorphosis", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124324, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129384, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 170], [171, 233], [234, 284], [285, 393], [394, 511], [512, 652]], "first_sentence": "PTTH stimulates the corpora allata to prevent this process by secreting juvenile hormone.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character from this author's most famous novel is imprisoned for murdering M'Lissa, who killed that character's sister Dura in a clitoridectomy, in her later novel Possessing the Secret of Joy. That character is a member of the Olinka tribe who marries Adam, who himself was adopted by the missionary Samuel. This author described posing as another author's niece while searching for her grave in her essay (*) \"Looking for Zora\". In her most famous novel, Nettie sends the protagonist letters from Africa that are intercepted by her abusive husband Albert, or Mister. After breaking up with Germaine, the blues singer Shug Avery returns to the protagonist Celie at the end of that novel by this woman. For 10 points, name this African-American author of The Color Purple.", "answer": "Alice Walker [or Alice Malsenior Walker] ", "page": "Alice_Walker", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124323, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129385, "tokenizations": [[0, 195], [196, 310], [311, 412], [413, 432], [433, 570], [571, 704], [705, 774]], "first_sentence": "A character from this author's most famous novel is imprisoned for murdering M'Lissa, who killed that character's sister Dura in a clitoridectomy, in her later novel Possessing the Secret of Joy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The penultimate movement of a piece by this composer begins with the trumpets and trombones blaring the cryptogram G \u00c2\u2013 E flat \u00c2\u2013 A \u00c2\u2013 B. He is not Hindemith, but he set a passage from Walt Whitman's \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\" in his piece \"Ode to Death.\" The Artistic Directorate of Aldeburgh Festival included this composer's daughter Imogen until her death. For much of his life, this composer worked in a soundproof room at a (*) girl's school for which he wrote a suite ending with an arrangement of his \"Fantasia on the Dargason.\" He set the poem \"I Vow to Thee, My Country\" to music from the central movement of a seven-movement suite, depicting the \"Bringer of Jollity.\" For 10 points, name this British composer of St. Paul's Suite and The Planets.", "answer": "Gustav Holst [or Gustav Theodore von Holst]", "page": "Gustav_Holst", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124322, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129386, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 134], [135, 201], [201, 271], [272, 376], [377, 552], [553, 694], [695, 773]], "first_sentence": "The penultimate movement of a piece by this composer begins with the trumpets and trombones blaring the cryptogram G \u00c2\u2013 E flat \u00c2\u2013", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This novel's ninety-seventh chapter consists of the two words \"The story.\" The protagonist of this novel hurriedly leaves an island where a tree bears fruit containing human teeth inside. This book uses a different font for passages translated from Japanese during the protagonist's interview with two ministers in the town of Tomatlan, Mexico, where he convalesces. As a child, the protagonist of this novel practices Islam, Christianity, and (*) Hinduism simultaneously, and spends a lot of time in his father's zoo in Pondicherry. After the successive deaths of a zebra, an orangutan, and a hyena, the protagonist of this novel is left alone with Richard Parker, a Bengal tiger. For 10 points, name this novel about an Indian boy's 227 days on a lifeboat, by Yann Martel.", "answer": "Life of Pi", "page": "Life_of_Pi", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124321, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129387, "tokenizations": [[0, 73], [73, 187], [188, 366], [367, 533], [534, 681], [682, 774]], "first_sentence": "This novel's ninety-seventh chapter consists of the two words \"The story.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The only album he recorded as the lead artist for Blue Note was one that featured a version of \"I'm Old Fashioned\" as well as the song \"Lazy Bird.\" Saxophonist Pharoah Sanders joined his band for the album Ascension. The title song of one of his albums is based on cycles of major thirds that outline an augmented triad, creating changes through three keys. Another of his albums begins with (*) Elvin Jones striking a gong, and is based on a four-note pattern inspired by the album title, which in turn comes from a devotional poem. He composed \"Naima\" in honor of his wife, and used a cover of a Rodgers and Hammerstein song as the title track of another album. For 10 points, name this jazz saxophonist of the albums My Favorite Things, Giant Steps, and A Love Supreme.", "answer": "John Coltrane [or John William Coltrane or Trane]", "page": "John_Coltrane", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124320, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129388, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 216], [217, 357], [358, 533], [534, 663], [664, 719], [720, 772]], "first_sentence": "The only album he recorded as the lead artist for Blue Note was one that featured a version of \"I'm Old Fashioned\" as well as the song \"Lazy Bird.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The hindrance factor compares the theoretical and experimental rates of this process. The natural logarithm of the rate of this process is linearly related to Z over the square root of kinetic energy. This process occurs near the upper-right end of the belt of stability. A model of this process, based on quantum tunneling through a potential well from the strong force, replicated the empirical Geiger-Nuttall Law and was proposed by (*) George Gamow. This process is the source of ionizers used in smoke detectors. This phenomenon gives diagonal movement on a plot of A versus Z in the thorium chain. It decreases the mass number by four, the atomic number by two, and releases a helium nucleus. For 10 points, name this form of radioactive decay contrasted with beta decay.", "answer": "alpha decay [or alpha emission; prompt on radioactive decay or radioactivity]", "page": "Alpha_decay", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124319, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129389, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 200], [201, 271], [272, 453], [454, 517], [518, 603], [604, 698], [699, 777]], "first_sentence": "The hindrance factor compares the theoretical and experimental rates of this process.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This king paid to re-inter the bodies of Arthur and Guinevere and set up his own Round Table at Nefyn. This man was knighted by Alfonso X of Castile before marrying Alfonso' daughter Eleanor. Before becoming king, this man helped relieve a siege in Tripoli in the Ninth Crusade. This \"English Justinian\" forced the abdication of John Balliol, seized the Stone of Destiny, and issued an edict expelling all the (*) Jews. After subjugating Llywelyn (lou-ELLEN) the Last, this king completed his conquest of Wales. Despite a setback at Stirling Bridge, this successor to Henry III won the Battle of Falkirk, soon before capturing the rebellious landowner William Wallace. For 10 points, name this tyrannical English king known variously as the \"Hammer of the Scots\" and \"Longshanks.\"", "answer": "Edward I [or Edward Longshanks before mentioned; or Hammer of the Scots before mentioned; or Malleus Scotorum before \"Hammer of the Scots\" is read; prompt on Edward; prompt on English Justinian before mentioned]", "page": "Edward_I_of_England", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124318, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129390, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [103, 191], [192, 278], [279, 419], [420, 458], [459, 511], [512, 668], [669, 780]], "first_sentence": "This king paid to re-inter the bodies of Arthur and Guinevere and set up his own Round Table at Nefyn.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The smallest animal in this order is named for the naturalist Philibert Commerson. Many animals within this order possess a mass of adipose tissue in the forehead called a melon. The closest living relatives of this extant order are the hippopotami. The carcasses of many members of this order are known as \"falls,\" and provide a rich ecosystem in the bathyal and (*) abyssal zones. Some animals in this order have cochleae with the highest amount of innervation of any mammal, enabling them to carry out a bat-like form of echolocation; other animals in this order generate sound with the spermaceti organ. These animals breathe through a blowhole at the top of their head. For 10 points, name this order of marine mammals consisting of porpoises, dolphins, and whales.", "answer": "cetaceans [or Cetacea; prompt on whales before mentioned; prompt on dolphins before mentioned; prompt on porpoises before mentioned]", "page": "Cetacea", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124317, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129391, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 178], [179, 249], [250, 382], [383, 607], [608, 674], [675, 770]], "first_sentence": "The smallest animal in this order is named for the naturalist Philibert Commerson.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a suburb of this city, the Chinese-American draftsman Vincent Chin was murdered in 1982 by two laid-off workers who had mistakenly thought he was Japanese. In 1974 the Supreme Court controversially ruled that this city's de facto school segregation was constitutional in Milliken v. Bradley. A police raid on a \"blind pig\" in this city on the corner of Clairmount and 12th streets precipitated its 1967 (*) race riot, during which Governor George Romney sent in the National Guard. In another suburb of this city, Walter Reuther led a protest culminating in the Battle of the Overpass. A revolutionary $5 a day was paid to workers in this city's suburb of Dearborn, whose Independent newspaper became a vehicle for anti-Semitism. For 10 points, name this city where the Model T was built by workers at the Ford Motor Company.", "answer": "Detroit [accept Dearborn before mentioned; accept Highland Park]", "page": "Detroit", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124316, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129392, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 294], [295, 484], [485, 588], [589, 732], [733, 828]], "first_sentence": "In a suburb of this city, the Chinese-American draftsman Vincent Chin was murdered in 1982 by two laid-off workers who had mistakenly thought he was Japanese.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one lecture, this man described an explorer's offer to go to the North Pole as a \"momentous option,\" rather than a trivial option, and the need to cross an icy ledge on an isolated trail as a \"forced\" option. In two writings, he used the example of a person chased by a bear in the forest, who first feels a racing heartbeat and then feels (*) fear, in his account of emotion. This man contrasted the \"healthy-minded temperament\" among some zealots with the \"sick soul\" of others. He claimed that truth is made when a belief has \"cash value\" in the daily life of its believer, and surveyed many mystics and credos in Varieties of Religious Experience. For 10 points, name this American professor of philosophy and psychology, who wrote \"The Will to Believe\" and Pragmatism.", "answer": "William James", "page": "William_James", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124315, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129393, "tokenizations": [[0, 211], [212, 379], [380, 483], [484, 654], [655, 776]], "first_sentence": "In one lecture, this man described an explorer's offer to go to the North Pole as a \"momentous option,\" rather than a trivial option, and the need to cross an icy ledge on an isolated trail as a \"forced\" option.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man is commanded to eat the animals inside a sheet that descends from heaven. A book attributed to this man references a \"proclamation to the impassioned spirits,\" which serves as the basis for the Harrowing of Hell. The \"Restoration\" of this man at the end of the Book of John ends with him being instructed to \"Feed my lambs,\" \"Take care of my sheep,\" and \"Feed my sheep,\" after he hauls in a miraculous catch of 153 fish. A servant of Caiaphas named Malachus was the victim of an (*) ear-slicing by this man, who nearly drowned attempting to replicate Jesus's water-walking. Jesus predicts that the rooster will crow after this man thrice denies him. For 10 points, name this Apostle whom Jesus called the rock upon whom he will build his church.", "answer": "Peter [or Simon Peter; or Petros; or Simon; or Cephas; or Shemayon Keppa; or Shemayon Keppa; or Shim'on bar Yona]", "page": "Saint_Peter", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124314, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129394, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 221], [222, 429], [430, 582], [583, 658], [659, 754]], "first_sentence": "This man is commanded to eat the animals inside a sheet that descends from heaven.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The HARPS instrument is used in a telescope at La Silla Observatory to search for these objects. Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz pioneered a technique for observing these objects that involved looking for small redshifts or blueshifts. After discovering a radiation pattern in a pulsar, Aleksander Wolszczan made the first discovery of these (*) bodies. These bodies, many of which are being discovered by the Kepler spacecraft, can be located through radial velocity or the transit method. Astronomers are looking for bodies of this type, such as Kepler-22b, that fall within the habitable zone. Many of the earliest discovered ones were called \"hot Jupiters.\" For 10 points, name these planets that do not orbit the Sun", "answer": "extrasolar planets [or exoplanets; prompt on planets]", "page": "Exoplanet", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124313, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129395, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 234], [235, 352], [353, 489], [490, 595], [596, 660], [661, 720]], "first_sentence": "The HARPS instrument is used in a telescope at La Silla Observatory to search for these objects.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play is called the \"one cock in the basket\" when discussing his lack of desire to intrude in a relationship he calls \"the triangle.\" In the first act of this play, the main character draws ire for claiming that a bonnet belonged to the servant Bertha. Police arrest a character in this play after he creates a disturbance when accusing Mademoiselle Diana of robbing him. At the beginning of this play, a character talks about his upcoming book on the (*) \"Domestic Industries of Brabant during the Middle Ages\" when asked about his honeymoon. The title character of this play burns a manuscript belonging to Eilert Lovborg and commits suicide after Judge Brack blackmails her. For 10 points, name this play by Henrik Ibsen about the wife of George Tesman.", "answer": "Hedda Gabler ", "page": "Hedda_Gabler", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 124312, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 129396, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [151, 271], [272, 390], [391, 562], [563, 696], [697, 775]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play is called the \"one cock in the basket\" when discussing his lack of desire to intrude in a relationship he calls \"the triangle.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This cause was hurt when peasants in the village of Bronte were massacred by troops led by Nino Bixio, and it was championed by the essay The Duties of Man. It was the motivation for a military campaign which overthrew Francis II and captured the towns of Calatafimi and Milazzo. Marshal Radetzky frequently defeated its supporters. France fought the Battle of Magenta against (*) Austria in support of this cause, one of the aims of the secret Carbonari society. The Expedition of the Thousand helped achieve this goal, which was promoted by the Piedmont-Sardinian prime minister Count Cavour and by the leader of the Redshirts. For 10 points, name this goal supported by Giuseppe Garibaldi, that was achieved in 1861 when Victor Emanuel II was elected king of a new country.", "answer": "Italian unification [or unifying Italy; or Italian independence; or Risorgimento; or descriptions like creation of Italy; or more specific answers like Italian independence from Austria or reunification of Sicily with Italy; prompt on Italian nationalism]", "page": "Italian_unification", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123142, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130562, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 279], [280, 332], [333, 378], [378, 380], [381, 463], [464, 629], [630, 776]], "first_sentence": "This cause was hurt when peasants in the village of Bronte were massacred by troops led by Nino Bixio, and it was championed by the essay The Duties of Man.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the Ottoman Empire, some of these buildings housed royal kiosks that were the end-points of a weekly procession called selamlik. A prominent twentieth-century designer of these buildings was Vedat Dalokay, whose plans for the Kocatepe were deemed too radical and re-worked for a pyramidal one of these buildings shaped like a tent and surrounded by four obelisk-shaped towers. The largest adobe building in the world is one of these structures in (*) Djenne, Mali. The grandest Ottoman versions of these buildings were built by Sinan and influenced by the huge central dome and semidomes of the Hagia Sophia. In these buildings, the qibla wall is marked with a mihrab, and the adhan is called from their minarets. For 10 points, name these houses of worship in Islam.", "answer": "mosques [or masjid; or cami]", "page": "Mosque", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123141, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130563, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 379], [380, 467], [468, 611], [612, 716], [717, 770]], "first_sentence": "In the Ottoman Empire, some of these buildings housed royal kiosks that were the end-points of a weekly procession called selamlik.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man painted a fellow artist at work beside a red canoe in Portrait of Paul Helleu Sketching With his Wife. Two guitars hang on a wall as men and women clap their hands to encourage a dancer in another of this man's paintings. In a group portrait by this artist, a young girl plays with a doll on a rug as one of her sisters leans against a large (*) Japanese vase. Two girls dressed in white hang Japanese lanterns in a garden in a meticulously painted portrait by this artist of El Jaleo. This American ex-pat made a portrait of a woman in a black satin dress rejected by its subject, Virginie Gautreau. For 10 points, name this painter of The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit; Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose, and Madame X.", "answer": "John Singer Sargent", "page": "John_Singer_Sargent", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123140, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130564, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 230], [231, 369], [370, 494], [495, 609], [610, 725]], "first_sentence": "This man painted a fellow artist at work beside a red canoe in Portrait of Paul Helleu Sketching With his Wife.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This book was excoriated in Joan Acocella's (a-koe-CHEH-lah's) New Yorker article about its \"motive.\" The penultimate section of this book compares its subject to \"stand[ing] naked in the wind and [melting] into the sun\", and notes that \"when you have reached the mountain top, then you shall begin to climb\". A ploughman, an astronomer, and a rich man inquire about work, time, and giving in three of the (*) twenty-six discourses on various topics, including the aforementioned \"On Death\", that make up this book. At the end of this book, the priestess Almitra follows the title character's ship departing from Orphalese until it crosses the horizon. For 10 points, name this collection of vague inspirational ramblings attributed to Almustafa and written by Lebanese author Khalil Gibran.", "answer": "The Prophet ", "page": "Prophet", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123139, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130565, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [100, 101], [102, 309], [310, 515], [516, 652], [653, 791]], "first_sentence": "This book was excoriated in Joan Acocella's (a-koe-CHEH-lah's) New Yorker article about its \"motive.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "People from this civilization destroyed old household utensils in preparation for a ceremony which began when the \"fire drill,\" or Orion's belt, rose above the horizon. They performed the Binding of the Years, or the New Fire ceremony, every 52 years at the end of a full cycle of the calendar. This civilization's \"Great Temple\" was dedicated to both the god of rain and the war god. Select members of this civilization would be wined and dined for a full year, before five priests (*) laid them upon a table and cut their hearts out. This civilization settled where an eagle was spotted with a snake in its talons, and eagerly awaited the return of a feathered serpent. For 10 points, name this Mesoamerican civilization that revered Quetzalcoatl.", "answer": "Aztecs [or Mexica; or Nahua]", "page": "Aztec", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123138, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130566, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 294], [295, 384], [385, 535], [536, 671], [672, 749]], "first_sentence": "People from this civilization destroyed old household utensils in preparation for a ceremony which began when the \"fire drill,\" or Orion's belt, rose above the horizon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A composer from this country wrote a piano concerto in which a solo trumpet muted with a felt crown introduces the theme of the D-flat major second movement. Another composer from this country used a small orchestra of just strings, harp, and piano for a concerto whose two movements are linked by a cadenza for the solo clarinet. Three trumpets introduce an ascending F \u00c2\u2013 B-flat \u00c2\u2013 F motif near the start of a piece from this country, whose composer included (*)\"Saturday Night Waltz\" and \"Hoe-Down\" in a ballet. Another composer from here arranged his Opus 11 String Quartet into the Adagio for Strings. Fanfare for the Common Man and Rodeo are pieces from, for 10 points, what country home to Samuel Barber, George Gershwin, and Aaron Copland?", "answer": "United States of America [or U.S.A or America or United States]", "page": "United_States", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123137, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130567, "tokenizations": [[0, 157], [158, 330], [331, 514], [515, 606], [607, 747]], "first_sentence": "A composer from this country wrote a piano concerto in which a solo trumpet muted with a felt crown introduces the theme of the D-flat major second movement.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This number is the output when the Mo\u0308bius function is applied to a prime number. The product of all four basis elements of the quaternions, one times i times j times k, equals this number. The Legendre symbol of a over p is this number if a is NOT a quadratic residue modulo p. Every bit in this number's two's complement representation is a 1. According to (*) Euler's identity, this number equals e to the power of i times pi. This is the only value achieved exactly once by cosine in the range 0 to 2pi, inclusive. Raising a number to this power is the same as finding its reciprocal. For 10 points, identify this additive inverse of one, which is equal to the square of the imaginary number i.", "answer": "negative one ", "page": "\u22121", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123136, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130568, "tokenizations": [[0, 81], [82, 150], [151, 189], [190, 275], [276, 278], [279, 345], [346, 429], [430, 518], [519, 588], [589, 698]], "first_sentence": "This number is the output when the Mo\u0308bius function is applied to a prime number.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 2014, a set of \"Black Notebooks\" written during this regime were edited by philosopher Peter Trawny. A man who wrote laws for this regime defined politics as the distinction of friend from foe in The Concept of the Political. A leader of this regime wrote before it took power that a populace willing to believe a \"Big Lie\" would easily trust in other small lies. Alfred Rosenberg's unified Protestant religious philosophy of this regime was opposed by the (*) Confessing Church. During this regime, phenomenologist Edmund Husserl was dismissed from his professorship by a philosopher who defined human existence as Dasein. For 10 points, name this regime supported by Carl Schmitt and Being and Time author Martin Heidegger, whose ideology was first put forth in Mein Kampf.", "answer": "Nazi Germany [or Third Reich]", "page": "Nazi_Germany", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123135, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130569, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 228], [229, 366], [367, 482], [483, 626], [627, 710], [711, 778]], "first_sentence": "In 2014, a set of \"Black Notebooks\" written during this regime were edited by philosopher Peter Trawny.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one scene, this character offers up licorice to sooth another character, who is deliberately coughing to signal to her hiding husband. This character does not appear until Act III and is ironically described as \"the poor man\" by a man who is told by Dorine that his own wife is sick. The play in which he appears was banned due to this character's similarities to Madame de Maintenon. (*) Damis is banished from the house after revealing to his father that this character tried to seduce Elmire, while Mariane is told by her father that she must marry this character rather than Valere. An agent of King Louis XIV prevents this title character from seizing the house of Orgon and his family. For 10 points, name this title religious hypocrite of a Moliere play.", "answer": "Tartuffe", "page": "Tartuffe", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123134, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130570, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 286], [287, 387], [388, 589], [590, 694], [695, 764]], "first_sentence": "In one scene, this character offers up licorice to sooth another character, who is deliberately coughing to signal to her hiding husband.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A faction known as the \"Group of Twelve\" declared their loyalty to this party in a neighboring country. In 1980 this party launched a massive literacy campaign that cut illiteracy rates by nearly 38%. This party split into three \"tendencies\": the \"prolonged popular war\" tendency, the \"proletarian tendency,\" and the eventually-successful terceristas. The namesake of this party lured US Marines into a protracted (*) guerrilla war from 1927-33. This party's Junta of National Reconstruction was headed by future presidents Violeta Chamorro and Daniel Ortega. This party was opposed by rebel groups funded through the Reagan administration's arms sales to Iran, known as Contras. For 10 points, name this socialist party that ousted Anastasio Somoza and ruled Nicaragua.", "answer": "Sandinistas [or Sandinista National Liberation Front; or Frente Sandinista de Liberacion Nacional; or FSLN]", "page": "Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123133, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130571, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 200], [201, 351], [352, 445], [446, 559], [560, 679], [680, 770]], "first_sentence": "A faction known as the \"Group of Twelve\" declared their loyalty to this party in a neighboring country.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The addressee of this poem \"saw in sleep old palaces and towers\" while \"beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,\" and is held responsible for wakening a sea from \"his summer dreams.\" This poem describes \"winged seeds\" that lie \"cold and low\" like a \"corpse within its grave\" until they are moved by the addressee's \"azure sister\", who blows a \"clarion o'er the dreaming earth\". In the final stanza of this poem, the speaker commands, \"Drive my (*) dead thoughts over the universe\" to the title \"Wild Spirit,\" who is called both \"Destroyer\" and \"Preserver\". This poem ends with the question, \"If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?\" For 10 points, name this poem addressed to the \"breath of Autumn's being,\" by Percy Shelley.", "answer": "\"Ode to the West Wind\"", "page": "Ode_to_the_West_Wind", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123132, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130572, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [177, 373], [374, 552], [553, 631], [632, 724]], "first_sentence": "The addressee of this poem \"saw in sleep old palaces and towers\" while \"beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,\" and is held responsible for wakening a sea from \"his summer dreams.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Either density or this quantity is used as the variable of integration when calculating residual properties. A truncated virial equation sets the compressibility factor equal to one plus b times this quantity. Cubic equations of state are written as explicit functions of this quantity. Enthalpy equals heat only if this quantity does not change for an open system. The fugacity coefficient is defined as fugacity over this quantity. (*) This quantity equals the liquid-phase concentration times Henry's constant for dilute solutions. Work is the area under a graph plotting this quantity versus volume. This quantity times volume has units of energy, and it multiplies volume in the ideal gas law. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in bars, torr, or atmospheres.", "answer": "pressure [or partial pressure; do not accept or prompt on \"vapor pressure\"]", "page": "Pressure", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123131, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130573, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 209], [210, 286], [287, 365], [366, 433], [434, 534], [535, 603], [604, 698], [699, 772]], "first_sentence": "Either density or this quantity is used as the variable of integration when calculating residual properties.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This state is home to a cave full of utterly massive gypsum crystals, some larger than people, near its Naica mine. The Basaseachic Falls grace a natural landmark in this state. For the past two decades, this state's largest city has been the site of unresolved \"femicides\" that inspired part of Roberto Bolano's novel 2666. A canyon deeper at points than the Grand Canyon, known as (*) Copper Canyon, is in this state's portion of the Sierra Madre Occidental range. Explorer Zebulon Pike was once jailed in this non-U.S. state, which lies just west of Coahuila and north of Durango. The United States city of El Paso lies just across from this state's most populous city, Ciudad Juarez. For 10 points, name this largest state of Mexico by area, the namesake of a dog breed.", "answer": "Chihuahua", "page": "Chihuahua_(state)", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123130, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130574, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 177], [178, 324], [325, 466], [467, 583], [584, 687], [688, 774]], "first_sentence": "This state is home to a cave full of utterly massive gypsum crystals, some larger than people, near its Naica mine.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man collected $10,000 for writing an article promoting Lustron Corporation's prefabricated steel homes despite his opposition to the Taft-Ellender-Wagner Housing Act. This man stressed his participation in twelve combat missions by running for office with the slogan \"Congress needs a tail- gunner.\" The Tydings Committee was formed to investigate claims made by this man, who was implicitly targeted by Margaret Chase Smith's \"Declaration of (*) Conscience\" speech. This man was asked \"At long last, have you left no sense of decency\" by Joseph Welch in hearings between him and the Army. At a speech given in Wheeling, West Virginia, this man claimed to have a list of 205 suspect individuals. For 10 points, name this senator from Wisconsin and rabid anti-communist.", "answer": "Joseph Raymond McCarthy [or Joe McCarthy]", "page": "Joseph_McCarthy", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123129, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130575, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 303], [303, 304], [305, 471], [472, 594], [595, 700], [701, 774]], "first_sentence": "This man collected $10,000 for writing an article promoting Lustron Corporation's prefabricated steel homes despite his opposition to the Taft-Ellender-Wagner Housing Act.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This poet describes how \"earth's inward narrow crooked lanes do purge sea water's fretful salt away,\" in a self-deprecating poem which concludes \"I, which was two fools, do so grow three.\" He wrote that \"soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out still litigious men\" in a poem from which Cleanth Brooks chose the title The Well-Wrought Urn, and begins \"For God's sake (*) hold your tongue, and let me love.\" This poet listed \"Fate, Chance, Kings, and desperate men\" as masters of an entity that some have called \"Mighty and dreadfull.\" That poem by this author of \"The Canonization\" ends simply: \"death, thou shalt die.\" For 10 points, name this metaphysical poet whose tenth Holy Sonnet begins \"Death, be not proud.\"", "answer": "John Donne", "page": "John_Donne", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123128, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130576, "tokenizations": [[0, 188], [189, 317], [318, 406], [407, 534], [535, 619], [620, 716]], "first_sentence": "This poet describes how \"earth's inward narrow crooked lanes do purge sea water's fretful salt away,\" in a self-deprecating poem which concludes \"I, which was two fools, do so grow three.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In Rhodospirillum rubrum, a gene encoding the key enzyme in this process is inactivated by ADP- ribosylation of a arginine-101. In the structures where this biochemical process takes place, Nod factors induce the production of the oxygen-carrier leghemoglobin. Sixteen equivalents of ATP are hydrolyzed in this process, which produces one molecule of hydrogen gas. This process requires a cofactor containing iron and (*) molybdenum atoms. This process has a very high activation energy because it requires cleaving a triple bond. Diazotrophs perform this process, the best-studied example of which is done by Rhizobia at root nodules. For 10 points, name this process of producing ammonia from the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.", "answer": "nitrogen fixation", "page": "Nitrogen_fixation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123127, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130577, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 260], [261, 364], [365, 439], [440, 530], [531, 635], [636, 735]], "first_sentence": "In Rhodospirillum rubrum, a gene encoding the key enzyme in this process is inactivated by ADP- ribosylation of a arginine-101.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Koide formula gave a theoretical estimate for the mass of a particle symbolized by this letter. A particle symbolized by this letter decays into two pi-plus and a pi-minus, giving negative parity, unlike the theta particle, which has decay with positive parity. A particle symbolized by this letter has energy of 1777 MeV and will decay into a hadron because of its enormous mass. The third (*) generation of leptons is named for this letter, which names a much heavier counterpart to the muon and electron. A quantity symbolized by this letter is the inverse of the decay constant and is a measure of the mean lifetime of a particle. For 10 points, name this Greek letter which is also used to symbolized proper time and torque.", "answer": "tau", "page": "Tau", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123126, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130578, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 265], [266, 384], [385, 511], [512, 638], [639, 733]], "first_sentence": "The Koide formula gave a theoretical estimate for the mass of a particle symbolized by this letter.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "On this island, the Latin name Lake Candidus is sometimes given to its central Sun Moon Lake, where the Thao people live. According to scholarly consensus, a set of native tribes that make up 2% of its population descend from the original speakers of the Austronesian language family. The Dutch East India Company built Fort Zeelandia on this island, where a large building contains a 730-ton ribbed yellow ball that acts as a tuned (*) mass damper. The nearby islands of Quemoy and Matsu were shelled during this island's namesake \"Straits Crises.\" The Pescadores are administered from this island, whose large cities include Kaohsiung. For 10 points, name this island mostly ruled by the Kuomintang party since 1949, whose capital is home to the skyscraper Taipei 101.", "answer": "Taiwan [or Formosa", "page": "Taiwan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123125, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130579, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 284], [285, 449], [450, 548], [548, 637], [638, 770]], "first_sentence": "On this island, the Latin name Lake Candidus is sometimes given to its central Sun Moon Lake, where the Thao people live.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man quoted from the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam at the end of a twelve-hour long speech directed at John Caverly. This man intervened to help a black man from Detroit who was harassed for moving into an all-white neighborhood, named Ossian Sweet. He grilled one of his opponents about the population of ancient Egypt and where Cain got his wife. This man, who severed ties with a railroad company to represent (*) Eugene V. Debs, argued that two University of Chicago students were suggestible to influence by Nietzsche and had them plea guilty for killing Bobby Franks. This man defended an teacher accused of violating the Butler Act against a prosecution led by William Jennings Bryan. For 10 points, name this lawyer who defended John Scopes in the monkey trial.", "answer": "Clarence Darrow [or Clarence Seward Darrow]", "page": "Clarence_Darrow", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123124, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130580, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 248], [249, 347], [348, 572], [573, 690], [691, 768]], "first_sentence": "This man quoted from the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam at the end of a twelve-hour long speech directed at John Caverly.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a play by this man, a toast to \"the pirates, preachers, poteen-makers\", \"jobbing jockies\", and \"parching peelers\", is given by Sara Tansey. Arthur Griffith was enraged by the line \"a drift of chosen females, standing in their shift\" in a play by this man in which the widow Dame Quin fails to prevent another character from recognizing the winner of a mule race. Nora and Cathleen console Maurya after Bartley, the sixth and last of her sons, (*) drowns in one of this man's many works set in the Aran Islands. Riots broke out at the Abbey Theater premiere of a play by this man in which Pegeen Mike falls in love with Christy Mahon, who claims to have killed his father. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of Riders to the Sea and The Playboy of the Western World.", "answer": "John Millington Synge [or Edmund John Millington Synge] ", "page": "John_Millington_Synge", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123123, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130581, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 365], [366, 513], [514, 674], [675, 775]], "first_sentence": "In a play by this man, a toast to \"the pirates, preachers, poteen-makers\", \"jobbing jockies\", and \"parching peelers\", is given by Sara Tansey.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An orphan asylum set up by this organization inspired Andrew Bell's monitorial system of education. Several members of this organization were waterboarded and executed by Dutch authorities in the Amboyna Massacre. This organization expanded its influence via the controversial Doctrine of Lapse. This organization's main rival was once led by Joseph Dupleix, who was based in Pondicherry. It opposed (*) French interests in the Carnatic Wars, and it further consolidated its gains in the late 18th century by conquering the Kingdom of Mysore. Its employee Robert Clive fought the Battle of Plassey in retaliation for the mistreatment of British prisoners in the Black Hole of Calcutta. For 10 points, name this trading company that once ruled many British colonies in Asia.", "answer": "British East India Company [or EIC; or English East India Company]", "page": "East_India_Company", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123122, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130582, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 213], [214, 295], [296, 388], [389, 542], [543, 685], [686, 773]], "first_sentence": "An orphan asylum set up by this organization inspired Andrew Bell's monitorial system of education.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Formation of this tissue depends on the inactivation of the RANKL-RANK binding interaction. Sharpey's fibers connect this tissue to its outer membrane. The loss of this tissue can be visualized by DEXA scans, and can be treated by a class of drugs called bisphosphonates. Volkmann's canals connect the functional unit of one type of this tissue, which consists of concentric (*) lamellae arranged around a central Haversian canal. The adjectives flat, irregular, short, sesamoid, and long describe the possible shapes of this tissue. This tissue consists of inorganic carbonated hydroxyapatite. It is synthesized by and resorbed by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. For 10 points, name this hard connective tissue that makes up the skeletal system.", "answer": "bone [or osseus tissue; accept spongy bone; accept cancellous bone; accept trabecular bone; prompt on connective tissue]", "page": "Bone", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123121, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130583, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 151], [152, 271], [272, 430], [431, 533], [534, 594], [595, 674], [675, 757]], "first_sentence": "Formation of this tissue depends on the inactivation of the RANKL-RANK binding interaction.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A type of this which is visible but cannot be collected is known as virga. This phenomenon occurs \"every day\" according to a refrain sung by Feste at the end of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. Ibuse Masuji wrote a novel set partly during the Hiroshima atomic bombing, which was titled for the Black type of this phenomenon. This phenomenon often generates a pleasant odor known as (*) petrichor. In Greco-Roman myth, nymphs called Hyades control this stuff. Along with high temperature, its high frequency is a trait of Af and Am climates in the Koppen classification system. A namesake \"shadow\" where this phenomenon doesn't occur can be found on the leeward side of many mountain ranges. For 10 points, name this meteorological phenomenon, the main type of liquid precipitation.", "answer": "ain [prompt on \"water\"; prompt on \"precipitation\"]", "page": "Ain", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123120, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130584, "tokenizations": [[0, 74], [75, 189], [190, 320], [321, 392], [393, 454], [455, 572], [573, 686], [687, 777]], "first_sentence": "A type of this which is visible but cannot be collected is known as virga.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During this time period, authorities ran the Four Square Laundry operation in order to find traces of gunpowder on militants' clothes. The treaty that ended this period consists of three \"strands\" which create an Assembly and a Ministerial Council. Tapes from a Boston College oral history project were subpoenaed by prosecutors investigation the disappearance of Jean McConville during this period. During it, the (*) Provisionals carried out the Old Bailey bombings, Bobby Sands led a hunger strike at The Maze prison, and 26 people were shot by the Parachute Regiment in Derry on Bloody Sunday. It ended with the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. For 10 points, name this period of unrest between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland.", "answer": "The Troubles in Northern Ireland [or Na Triobloidi; prompt on the conflict in Northern Ireland or similar answers until \"Northern Ireland\" is read]", "page": "The_Troubles", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123119, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130585, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 248], [249, 399], [400, 597], [598, 661], [662, 758]], "first_sentence": "During this time period, authorities ran the Four Square Laundry operation in order to find traces of gunpowder on militants' clothes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this group's leaders, Douglas Young, was criticized as Axis-loving for encouraging followers to fight conscription during World War II. This group was previously led by a member of the 79 Group, which was expelled from this party in 1982 for espousing radical left-wing politics. These supporters of the right of 16- and 17-year olds to vote are currently led by (*) Nicola Sturgeon. This party's agenda under former leader Alex Salmond was countered by the Better Together campaign supported by celebrities such as JK Rowling. For 10 points, name this political party which spearheaded a 2014 referendum for the independence of a namesake northerly country from the United Kingdom.", "answer": "Scottish National Party [or SNP; or Partaidh Naiseanta na h-Alba; or Scots Naitional Pairtie]", "page": "Scottish_National_Party", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123112, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130592, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 286], [287, 390], [391, 534], [535, 689]], "first_sentence": "One of this group's leaders, Douglas Young, was criticized as Axis-loving for encouraging followers to fight conscription during World War II.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One artist with this surname painted The Forest in Winter at Sunset. He was called the \"Great Rejected One\" due to his lack of success with the Salon until the Revolution of 1848 caused a restructuring of the jury. Another artist with this surname boasted of his travels to Mexico when in fact he never left France, instead relying on trips to the Jardin des Plantes (jar-don deh plahnts) for ideas for foliage. That artist with this surname painted a (*) tiger illuminated by a flash of lightning about to attack its prey in his jungle painting Surprised!. That artist also painted a black woman being approached by a lion in the desert at night. For 10 points, give this surname shared by The\u0301odore, who co-led the Barbizon School, and Henri, who painted The Sleeping Gypsy.", "answer": "Rousseau [or The\u0301odore Rousseau; or Henri Rousseau]", "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 123111, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 130593, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 214], [215, 411], [412, 557], [558, 647], [648, 776]], "first_sentence": "One artist with this surname painted The Forest in Winter at Sunset.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The overall value for this quantity can be calculated knowing two j and two m quantum numbers in aproduct involving many square roots and factorials. The commutator of this quantity with the Hamiltonian iszero, but the commutator for two of its component operators equals i times h-bar times the operator of theother component. Spherical harmonics are eigenfunctions of this quantity. This quantity equals h-bar timesthe square root of the azimuthal quantum number, times that number plus one. Vector addition of two formsof this quantity occurs in L-S coupling. Areal velocity is constant because it is conserved. For 10 points, namethis quantity that classically equals moment of inertia times angular velocity, and is symbolized L. ", "answer": "angular momentum operator [or L until \"L-S coupling\" is read] ", "page": "Angular_momentum_operator", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122692, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131010, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 327], [328, 384], [385, 493], [494, 562], [563, 614], [615, 734]], "first_sentence": "The overall value for this quantity can be calculated knowing two j and two m quantum numbers in aproduct involving many square roots and factorials.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Van Maanen's star was the first star of this type not found in a binary or triple system. ZZ Ceti and GW Virstars are stars of this type that have variable luminosities, making them their \"pulsating\" type. In a cataclysmicvariable system, an accretion disk forms around a star of this type as it siphons matter from its companion.The progenitor of type Ia (one a) supernova is accretion onto a star of this type. Stars of this type are foundnear the bottom left corner of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. The upper mass limit of these stars is givenby the Chandrasekhar limit. These stars are formed by stars, such as the Sun, that are not massive enough tobecome neutron stars. For 10 points, name this type of dwarf star. ", "answer": "white dwarf [or word forms; or white dwarf after \"dwarf star\" is read; prompt on dwarf stars until \"dwarf star\" is read] ", "page": "White_dwarf", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122690, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131012, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 205], [206, 330], [330, 412], [413, 504], [505, 576], [577, 678], [679, 723]], "first_sentence": "Van Maanen's star was the first star of this type not found in a binary or triple system.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Mayor Fletcher Bowron claimed these events were sparked by Southerners. Eleanor Roosevelt was labeled aCommunist after she wrote \"it is a problem with roots going a long way back\" in response to these events. JackTenney suggested these events were Nazi attempts to spread disunity. Hatred in the city was high prior tothem after the Sleepy Lagoon murder case two years earlier. During these events, almost 200 men drovedowntown in 20 taxicabs to begin the second wave of violence. These events reflected tensions betweenservicemen and the \"Pachuco\" gangs. For 10 points, name these 1944 riots is Los Angeles in which sailorsattacked Latino youths wearing the namesake distinctive pieces of clothing. ", "answer": "Zoot Suit Riots ", "page": "Zoot_Suit_Riots", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122689, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131013, "tokenizations": [[0, 71], [72, 208], [209, 281], [282, 377], [378, 480], [481, 555], [556, 699]], "first_sentence": "Mayor Fletcher Bowron claimed these events were sparked by Southerners.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Gambia has announced their openness to housing people of this ethnicity. The 969 Movement, led byAshin Wirathu, has frequently attacked people of this ethnicity. Many people of this ethnicity have departedfrom the port of Sittwe. Thein Sein proposed a plan to relocate these people, many of whom have migrated toCox's Bazar. In their native country, these people have been marked as Bengalis as of 2014. People of thisethnicity, who have regularly been targeted by the Rakhine Buddhists, have been denied entry into Malaysiawhile seeking refuge as \"boat people.\" For 10 points, name this often persecuted Muslim minority in Burma. ", "answer": "Rohingya [prompt on Burmese until \"Burma\" is read; prompt on boat people until it is read] ", "page": "Rohingya_people", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122688, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131014, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 165], [166, 233], [234, 328], [329, 407], [408, 565], [565, 634]], "first_sentence": "The Gambia has announced their openness to housing people of this ethnicity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a novel by this author, a woman \"pleads her belly\" to avoid going to prison until the birth of her daughter,whose first memory is traveling with a band of gypsies. Another character created by this man is surprisedwhen the wooden stakes he uses to keep up his bower end up sprouting. That character created by this writerbuilds a canoe out of a cedar tree but cannot bring it to sea. At the end of a novel by this author, the titlecharacter goes to a plantation with Jemy and sees her son Humphrey, who was conceived with her halfbrother.Another of his title characters becomes enslaved in Sallee before owning a plantation in Brazil andbefriending a cannibal he names Friday. For 10 points, name this author of Moll Flanders and Robinson Crusoe. ", "answer": "Daniel Defoe [or Daniel Foe]", "page": "Daniel_Defoe", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122687, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131015, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [167, 286], [287, 386], [387, 541], [541, 679], [680, 749]], "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, a woman \"pleads her belly\" to avoid going to prison until the birth of her daughter,whose first memory is traveling with a band of gypsies.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A concerto grosso by this composer begins with a ten-bar slow introduction, and then a fast fugue thatbegins with violins playing repeated F's in half notes, then quarter notes, then eighth notes. He is notArcangelo Corelli, but an E-flat major musette is the central movement of the G minor sixth piece in his twelveOp. 6 concerti grossi. This composer gave the tempo marking Largo alla siciliana to the \"La Paix\" movement of asuite that commemorates the end of the War of the Austrian Succession with movements such as \"LaRejouissance.\" He included \"Alla Hornpipe\" in a set of pieces written for a concert on the River Thames. For 10points, name this composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music.", "answer": "George Friedrich Handel", "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122686, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131016, "tokenizations": [[0, 196], [197, 320], [321, 339], [340, 538], [539, 628], [629, 711]], "first_sentence": "A concerto grosso by this composer begins with a ten-bar slow introduction, and then a fast fugue thatbegins with violins playing repeated F's in half notes, then quarter notes, then eighth notes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This artist earned a far smaller annuity than his successor in one post, the female miniaturist LevinaTeerlinc. This artist was championed by a letter declaring that \"the arts are freezing in this part of the world.\"This artist realistically depicted the effects of putrefaction on Christ lying horizontally in his tomb in hiswidest painting. The woodcut series he published in Basel include illustrations of Old Testament scenes calledthe Icones, as well as 42 Dances of Death. A Lutheran hymnal, a lute with a broken string, and an extremelyanamorphic skull appear in the most famous painting of this artist, who painted his close friend Erasmus. For10 points, name this German court painter to Henry VIII, who created The Ambassadors.", "answer": "Hans Holbein the Younger ", "page": "Hans_Holbein_the_Younger", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122685, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131017, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 342], [343, 478], [479, 648], [649, 737]], "first_sentence": "This artist earned a far smaller annuity than his successor in one post, the female miniaturist LevinaTeerlinc.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The characteristic of a field always has this property. The Meissel-Mertens constant relates log of log of n tothe partial sums of the reciprocals of numbers with this property. The log of a number with this property is theoutput when a number n, that is a power of a number with this property, is input to the von Mangoldtfunction. n minus one factorial equals negative one mod n only if n has this property, by Wilson's theorem.Carmichael numbers do not have this property, but nonetheless can serve as the modulus in Fermat's littletheorem. The number of them less than n is approximately n over log of n. Euclid proved their infinitude. For10 points, name these numbers only divisible by one and themselves. ", "answer": "prime numbers", "page": "Prime_number", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122684, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131018, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 332], [333, 385], [386, 430], [430, 543], [544, 640], [641, 711]], "first_sentence": "The characteristic of a field always has this property. The Meissel-Mertens constant relates log of log of n tothe partial sums of the reciprocals of numbers with this property.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This god's enemies included the Syracusan man Cyanippus, who is driven to rape his own daughter Cyane.Another enemy of this god rejects him and instead tells the story of Pyramus and Thisbe; she and her twosisters, who then transform into bats, are the Minyades. As punishment for exiling this god from Thrace,Lycurgus is driven insane and axes his son Dryas to death. Acoetes is the only man aboard a ship to condemnthe kidnap of this god; the guilty remainder of those pirates are transformed into dolphins. This god rewardsthe rescue of Silenus by granting the golden touch to Midas. This god's mother, who perishes after sherequests to see Zeus in his full glory, is Semele. For 10 points, name this god of wine. ", "answer": "Dionysus [or Bacchus; or Liber] ", "page": "Dionysus", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122683, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131019, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [102, 262], [263, 368], [369, 509], [510, 586], [587, 678], [679, 716]], "first_sentence": "This god's enemies included the Syracusan man Cyanippus, who is driven to rape his own daughter Cyane.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Plutarch reports that Marius deeply offended the Senate by appearing before them with a certain type ofthis item. By placing one of these items over his head, the Pontifex Maximus Scipio Nascia rallied the senatorsto assassinate Tiberius Gracchus. White chalk was used to mark a type of this item associated with officeseekers, the \"candida\" type. A crimson stripe differentiated the \"praetexta\" variety of this item. This itemlargely replaced the pallium and served as a counterpart to the stola. Marine snails were boiled to make theTyrian purple dye used for the picta type of this item, which were used by triumphing generals and later wornby emperors alone. For 10 points, name this garment composed of a folded piece of white, woolen fabric,which was worn in Ancient Rome. ", "answer": "togas ", "page": "Toga", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122682, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131020, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 247], [248, 347], [348, 417], [418, 497], [498, 662], [663, 778]], "first_sentence": "Plutarch reports that Marius deeply offended the Senate by appearing before them with a certain type ofthis item.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An opera in which one of these beings named Ada falls for a noble named Arindal was composed atWurzburg when its composer was only twenty. In a later operetta, a shepherd named Strephon is the son ofone of these beings, who come to dominate the British House of Lords. In an Italian opera, a male tutor namedAlidoro replaces one of these beings in the narrative. Gilbert and Sullivan's Iolanthe is titled for one of thesebeings, which also name the first completed opera by Richard Wagner. In an adaptation of Shakespeare byHenry Purcell, one of these beings sprinkles love-juice on the eyes of Demetrius. For 10 points, name this typeof supernatural being which is omitted from Rossini's opera version of Cinderella. ", "answer": " fairy [or The Fairies; or Die Feen]", "page": "Fairy", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122681, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131021, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 268], [269, 362], [363, 489], [490, 605], [606, 717]], "first_sentence": "An opera in which one of these beings named Ada falls for a noble named Arindal was composed atWurzburg when its composer was only twenty.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A book titled for this phrase contains an analysis of \"stable intermediate forms\" inspired by a Herbert Simonargument about two watchmakers, and introduces the concept of something that is both a whole and a part,which this book terms a \"holon.\" That book with this title argues that the pre-human features of the brain areresponsible for emotions and destructive impulses, and was written by Arthur Koestler. This phrase wascoined to be \"deliberately abusive\" in an earlier book that argues against a longstanding \"category mistake,\"which the book also refers to as \"the official doctrine\" in the section \"Descartes' Myth.\" For 10 points, give thisphrase used in The Concept of Mind by Gilbert Ryle to denounce mind-body dualism. ", "answer": "the ghost in the machine", "page": "The_Ghost_in_the_Machine", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122680, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131022, "tokenizations": [[0, 244], [244, 409], [410, 524], [525, 624], [625, 730]], "first_sentence": "A book titled for this phrase contains an analysis of \"stable intermediate forms\" inspired by a Herbert Simonargument about two watchmakers, and introduces the concept of something that is both a whole and a part,which this book terms a \"holon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote about talking to a woman who claimed a chestnut tree told her \"I am here\u00c2\u2014I am life,eternal life.\" He wrote about learning the truth behind the sentence \"The angels are lost in perpetualcontemplation of an 'infinite glory.'\" This man proposed that a \"Statue of Responsibility\" be built on the WestCoast to complement the Statue of Liberty. This author of The Unconscious God noted that people in hiscondition faced initial shock, apathy, and depersonalization but managed to survive by discovering salvation\"through love and in love.\" This founder of logotherapy wrote about his determination to find a purpose whileserving as an inmate in Auschwitz. For 10 points, name this Austrian psychiatrist who wrote Man's Search forMeaning. ", "answer": "Viktor Frankl", "page": "Viktor_Frankl", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122679, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131023, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 241], [241, 242], [243, 357], [358, 551], [551, 552], [553, 668], [669, 750]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote about talking to a woman who claimed a chestnut tree told her \"I am here\u00c2\u2014I am life,eternal life.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "William Huskisson, an MP from Liverpool, was killed by one of these objects while shaking the hand of theDuke of Wellington. Early examples of these objects were made to compete in the Rainhill Trials. A massproducedexample of these objects was named for Swedish opera singer Jenny Lind. George Stephensoncreated an example of these objects known as his namesake \"Rocket.\" The Whyte notation was made todifferentiate between types of these objects by the amount and placement of their wheels. A \"Great Western\"system for these vehicles was built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. For 10 points, name these vehicles that weretypically powered by steam engines and pulled trains along the Great Western Railway. ", "answer": "steam locomotives [prompt on trains until it is read] ", "page": "Steam_locomotive", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122678, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131024, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 201], [202, 287], [288, 372], [373, 492], [493, 573], [574, 703]], "first_sentence": "William Huskisson, an MP from Liverpool, was killed by one of these objects while shaking the hand of theDuke of Wellington.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Ed Rollins quit working with this man shortly after an aide accused Rollins of being a CIA plant. During adebate, this man joked that he was not here to \"play Lawrence Welk music.\" He was mocked for repeatedlysaying \"let me finish\" during another debate on Larry King Live. This man promised there would be a \"giantsucking sound\" as jobs went to Mexico when speaking out against NAFTA. In a national election, he pickedAdmiral James Stockdale as his running mate and challenged both Bill Clinton and incumbent George H.W.Bush. For 10 points, name this Texan businessman who ran as a third party presidential candidate in 1992. ", "answer": "Ross Perot [or Henry Ross Perot] ", "page": "Ross_Perot", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122677, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131025, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 180], [181, 273], [274, 385], [386, 526], [527, 626]], "first_sentence": "Ed Rollins quit working with this man shortly after an aide accused Rollins of being a CIA plant.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 1983 manifesto by Jerome McGann argued that scholars of this movement uncritically accept theassumptions of the writers they study in a diagnosis of its \"ideology.\" M. H. Abrams argued that thismovement triggered a shift between critical views of artists as the two title objects in The Mirror and the Lamp.Representatives of this movement are the subjects of The Ringers in the Tower by Harold Bloom, who revitalizedstudies of it in his early phase with a string of books including The Visionary Company. A member of thismovement distinguished between \"imagination\" and \"fancy\" in his Biographia Literaria. For 10 points, namethis movement whose English exemplars included the primary author of Lyrical Ballads, William Wordsworth. ", "answer": "Romanticism ", "page": "Romanticism", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122676, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131026, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [167, 309], [309, 507], [508, 609], [610, 734]], "first_sentence": "A 1983 manifesto by Jerome McGann argued that scholars of this movement uncritically accept theassumptions of the writers they study in a diagnosis of its \"ideology.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a play by this author, a man remembers tossing another character's child in the air at a party, but doesn't rememberthat it happened in his kitchen. The unseen author Casey is frequently mentioned by that play's male leads, who run apublishing company and play squash. A play by this author opens with a character reading news stories about an oldman being run over by a bus and an eight-year-old killing a cat. One of his plays details Jerry and Emma's affair inreverse chronological order. This author wrote a play in which an argument over the phrase \"light the kettle\" takes placein a basement equipped with a speaking tube where the hit men Gus and Ben wait for their assignment. For 10 points,name this playwright of Betrayal and The Dumb Waiter. ", "answer": "Harold Pinter", "page": "Harold_Pinter", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122675, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131027, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 271], [272, 414], [415, 494], [495, 687], [688, 755]], "first_sentence": "In a play by this author, a man remembers tossing another character's child in the air at a party, but doesn't rememberthat it happened in his kitchen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The collision of two Standard Oil tankers in this body of water inspired \"planetwalker\" John Francis to stopusing motor vehicles. After World War II, shipyards on this body of water gave way to the houseboatcommunities of Sausalito. Landmarks on this body of water include Fisherman's Wharf and the sea liondominatedPier 39. The San Joaquin River flows into this body of water, which is frequently obscured by fog insummertime. Asian immigrants were processed at this body of water's Angel Island. The 1989 Loma Prietaearthquake damaged cities on its shores, including Oakland. For 10 points, name this body of water home toAlcatraz Island, whose outflow is spanned by the Golden Gate Bridge. ", "answer": "San Francisco Bay", "page": "San_Francisco_Bay", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122674, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131028, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 232], [233, 324], [325, 427], [428, 497], [498, 577], [578, 692]], "first_sentence": "The collision of two Standard Oil tankers in this body of water inspired \"planetwalker\" John Francis to stopusing motor vehicles.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An equation named for this man can be obtained from the Klimontovich equation using an ensembleaverage over particles and no collisions, and that equation further simplifies to the Vlasov equation inplasmas. A second equation named for this man integrates the probability log probability over all space,assumes molecular chaos before collisions but not afterward, and violates time reversal symmetry. A third ofhis equations takes the logarithm of the number of permutations of the available thermodynamic states,which is symbolized W. This namesake of a transport theorem and an H-theorem had that third equationwritten on his tombstone. For 10 points, name this Austrian whose namesake constant, symbolized k, is usedto calculate entropy. ", "answer": "Ludwig Boltzmann ", "page": "Ludwig_Boltzmann", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122673, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131029, "tokenizations": [[0, 207], [208, 400], [401, 638], [639, 740]], "first_sentence": "An equation named for this man can be obtained from the Klimontovich equation using an ensembleaverage over particles and no collisions, and that equation further simplifies to the Vlasov equation inplasmas.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Indications for this process are represented by the mnemonics SLIME and AEIOU. Spondyloarthropathydue to beta-2 microglobulin accumulation can result from long-term use of a type of this process, which mayresult in a namesake form of amyloidosis. Standardized Kt over V and URR are used to assess the adequacy ofthis process. A Cimino fistula may be created during this process. A form of this process that can be automaticor continuous ambulatory uses the peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane. This treatment performsdiffusion and ultrafiltration, which normally take place in the glomerulus. For 10 points, name this techniquewhose hemo- form removes creatinine and urea from the blood during treatment for kidney failure. ", "answer": "dialysis [or hemodialysis; or peritoneal dialysis; prompt on renal replacement therapy] ", "page": "Dialysis", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122672, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131030, "tokenizations": [[0, 78], [79, 246], [247, 325], [326, 378], [379, 497], [498, 596], [597, 727]], "first_sentence": "Indications for this process are represented by the mnemonics SLIME and AEIOU.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a film by this man, Pachelbel's Canon plays as the protagonist describes his vision of a processionclimbing a fog-covered hill to meet death. One of his films ends with the camera panning up a ski lift as asingle shot rings out, fired by a man who activated a coin-operated dancing chicken. The protagonist ofanother film by this man proclaims that he will marry his daughter and found a pure dynasty, after he is leftalone standing on a raft overtaken by monkeys. This director of Stroszek created movies about a mysteriousyouth who was imprisoned for twenty years and a rogue conquistador in the Amazon jungle. For 10 points,name this German director of The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser and Aguirre, the Wrath of God. ", "answer": "Werner Herzog [or Werner Herzog Stipetic]", "page": "Werner_Herzog", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122670, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131031, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 293], [294, 467], [468, 615], [616, 717]], "first_sentence": "In a film by this man, Pachelbel's Canon plays as the protagonist describes his vision of a processionclimbing a fog-covered hill to meet death.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The first verse line of The Winter's Tale describes \"nine changes\" of a metaphorical \"watery\" one of theseobjects. Lear's Fool quips that the reason why seven of these things \"are no more than seven is a pretty reason.\"In the graveyard scene, Hamlet claims that Laertes's \"phrase of grief\" makes these things \"stand like wonderwoundedhearers.\" In Sonnet 116, love is said to be one of these objects for \"every wandering bark.\" Hamletsends a quatrain to Ophelia that begins by telling her to doubt that these objects are fire and to doubt that thenearest of them moves. For 10 points, name these bodies of which Cassius says, \"The fault, dear Brutus, is notin\" them, \"but in ourselves.\" ", "answer": "stars", "page": "Star", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122669, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131032, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 343], [344, 426], [427, 568], [569, 685]], "first_sentence": "The first verse line of The Winter's Tale describes \"nine changes\" of a metaphorical \"watery\" one of theseobjects.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During marriages in this religion, the father of the bride presents the two ends of a pink or red scarf to thebride and groom, who do not directly talk or gesture for the entire ceremony. Practitioners of this religion areobliged to engage in seva, or community service, and sacred gatherings called sangat. According to one story, aleader of this religion prepared liquid in a bowl with his wife and drank from it with five men from differentsocial classes, purifying all of them. When adherents of this religion die, the bhog ceremony is held by thedeceased's family, who then supply langar, or a meal for the gurdwara. For 10 points, name this religion whichfollows the teachings of its spiritual leaders, called gurus. ", "answer": "Sikhism", "page": "Sikhism", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122668, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131033, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 307], [308, 481], [482, 621], [622, 722]], "first_sentence": "During marriages in this religion, the father of the bride presents the two ends of a pink or red scarf to thebride and groom, who do not directly talk or gesture for the entire ceremony.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer depicted \"The Fairy Garden\" in a piano four hands suite whose third movement is based onthe tale of Laideronnette. He included a D minor, 6/8 time fourth movement to be played \"dry, the arpeggiosvery taut\" in a suite that includes \"Sad Birds.\" He ended another piano suite with a sixth-movement toccata inE minor and 2/4 time. This composer of Mother Goose included \"Alborada del gracioso\" in his Miroirs andcollected \"Ondine,\" \"Le Gibet,\" and \"Scarbo\" into another piano piece. For friends who died in World War I, hewrote Le tombeau de Couperin. This composer of Gaspard de la nuit wrote a piece in which the same two melodiesrepeat over a crescendoing snare drum rhythm. For 10 points, name this composer of Bol\u00c3\u00a9ro. ", "answer": "Maurice Ravel [or Joseph-Maurice Ravel] ", "page": "Maurice_Ravel", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122666, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131035, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 257], [258, 340], [341, 492], [493, 561], [562, 687], [688, 733]], "first_sentence": "This composer depicted \"The Fairy Garden\" in a piano four hands suite whose third movement is based onthe tale of Laideronnette.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A brick wall in this film has graffiti reading \"Tawana told the truth!\" A character in this movie is shot frombelow with a fish-eye lens as he orders twenty D batteries from Asian grocers. In the opening credits, RosiePerez dances against monochrome backgrounds while wearing boxing trunks and a one-piece. Mister Se\u00c3\u00b1orLove Daddy interrupts a montage in this movie, in which characters like Pino shout slurs. A character in thisfilm has four-fingered rings that say \"Love\" and \"Hate,\" and carries a boom box blasting Public Enemy's \"Fightthe Power.\" The death of that character, Radio Raheem, at the hands of police causes Mookie to throw a trashcan through the window of Sal's Pizzeria. For 10 points, name this film set on a hot day in Bed-Stuy by SpikeLee.", "answer": "Do the Right Thing", "page": "Do_the_Right_Thing", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122665, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131036, "tokenizations": [[0, 71], [72, 188], [189, 306], [307, 409], [410, 549], [549, 688], [689, 760]], "first_sentence": "A brick wall in this film has graffiti reading \"Tawana told the truth!\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The \"pack journalism\" surrounding this election was critiqued in Timothy Crouse's The Boys on the Bus. Priorto a primary in this election, a forged letter deriding French-Canadians as \"Canucks\" was used to ruin thechances of candidate Edmund Muskie. Pauline Kael supposedly claimed that \"everyone I know voted\" for thiselection's loser. A candidate in this election used the phrase \"1000 percent\" after it emerged that his runningmate had received electric shock therapy, leading that running mate, Thomas Eagleton, to be replaced withSargent Shriver. The incumbent in this election was popular for his policy of Vietnamization, which involvedwithdrawal of US troops. For 10 points, name this election in which George McGovern was defeated byincumbent Richard Nixon.", "answer": "U.S. Presidential Election of 1972", "page": "United_States_presidential_election,_1972", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122664, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131037, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [103, 249], [250, 336], [337, 551], [552, 667], [668, 766]], "first_sentence": "The \"pack journalism\" surrounding this election was critiqued in Timothy Crouse's The Boys on the Bus.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A major early collection of medieval French prose relates \"ancient history until\" this man. In a literaryappearance, this man is unmoved by Theodotus's pleas about burning books and is given dates by Rufio whilewaiting in a lighthouse during a siege in Egypt. This figure ascends into heaven at the close of Ovid'sMetamorphoses. In one of Shaw's Three Plays for Puritans, this man receives a rug that conceals the other titlecharacter rolled up inside. This subject of Lucan's Pharsalia is targeted by a man with a \"lean and hungry look\"in a namesake Shakespeare play. For 10 points, name this Roman who cries, \"Et tu, brute?\" after being stabbedin the Senate. ", "answer": "Gaius Julius Caesar [or Gaius Julius Caesar] ", "page": "Julius_Caesar", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122662, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131039, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 259], [260, 328], [329, 452], [453, 568], [569, 660]], "first_sentence": "A major early collection of medieval French prose relates \"ancient history until\" this man.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man who once held this Cabinet position later founded the group \"VotetoImpeach\" directed againstGeorge W. Bush. Another man who held it was married to a woman who names an effect in whichpsychiatrists mistake patients' perception of real events as delusions. A man in this position quoted Romeoand Juliet's lines about the world being in \"love with night\" in a speech at the Democratic National Conventionand had earlier investigated Jimmy Hoffa and the Teamsters. This was the Cabinet position held by the futurehead of CREEP. Elliot Richardson resigned this position in the Saturday Night Massacre. It was held in 1962 bythe President's brother. For 10 points, name this Cabinet position held by Robert F. Kennedy. ", "answer": "Attorney General [or Department of Justice] ", "page": "Attorney_general", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122661, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131040, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 260], [261, 466], [467, 529], [530, 602], [603, 649], [650, 718]], "first_sentence": "A man who once held this Cabinet position later founded the group \"VotetoImpeach\" directed againstGeorge W. Bush.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Carter and Wegman proposed a method of creating these structures that randomly selects one of a familyof sequences. That method is \"universal\", and a \"perfect\" method can be used when the set they contain isstatic. Primary clustering in these structures can be avoided using quadratic probing. Assuming simpleuniform conditions for one of these structures gives big theta of alpha plus one average-case search time,where alpha is these structures's load factor. Chaining and open addressing are two methods of preventingcollisions in these data structures. They can be searched in average-case constant time. For 10 points, namethese data structures that store keys in array indices given by their namesake functions. ", "answer": "hash tables", "page": "Hash_table", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122660, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131041, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 214], [215, 293], [294, 461], [462, 556], [557, 608], [609, 717]], "first_sentence": "Carter and Wegman proposed a method of creating these structures that randomly selects one of a familyof sequences.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 85 BC, Fimbria besieged this city for supporting Sulla. A collection of artifacts from this citymysteriously showed up at the Pushkin Museum in 1993. This city, which the Hittites called Wilusa, is dividedinto nine archaeological layers, the seventh of which is most likely identical to a fictional depiction of this city.Frank Calvert performed preliminary surveys of this city on a mound at Hisarlik. Before working on Mycenae,Heinrich Schliemann examined this city's ruins and, in the process, smuggled out a collection of artifacts nowknown as \"Priam's Treasure.\" For 10 points, name this city whose siege is the subject of Homer's Iliad. ", "answer": "Troy [or Troia; or Ilium; or Ilion; or Hisarlik until it is read; or Wilusa until it is read] ", "page": "Troy", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122659, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131042, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 325], [325, 405], [406, 570], [571, 645]], "first_sentence": "In 85 BC, Fimbria besieged this city for supporting Sulla. A collection of artifacts from this citymysteriously showed up at the Pushkin Museum in 1993.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel meticulously splits the household bills equally with her husband, but gets paid lessat their shared architectural firm, Livotny and Associates. The protagonist of this novel finds a similaritybetween two Schumann piano pieces years after being proclaimed a prodigy by her mother, who was inspiredby a girl playing \"Anitra's Dance\" on television. In this novel, Waverly quits playing chess after her mother, aformer child bride named Lindo, brags about her excessively. This novel opens after the death of Suyuan Woo.This novel is named for the group of \"aunties\" who played Mah-jongg with the protagonist's mother. For 10points, name this novel by the Chinese-American writer Amy Tan. ", "answer": "The Joy Luck Club ", "page": "The_Joy_Luck_Club_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122658, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131043, "tokenizations": [[0, 169], [170, 371], [372, 494], [495, 542], [542, 640], [641, 710]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel meticulously splits the household bills equally with her husband, but gets paid lessat their shared architectural firm, Livotny and Associates.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "When leading his country, this man's government introduced the H.O.R.S.A. and S.F.O.R.S.A. schemes toprevent children from leaving school. During an especially cold winter, he was forced to dismiss EmanuelShinwell as Minister of Fuel and Power. This man's government ended the failed Tanganyika GroundnutScheme. This man was the first ever Deputy Prime Minister, and he won his highest position after his partyused the slogan \"Let Us Face the Future.\" During this man's ministry, Aneurin Bevan fought to enact theBeveridge Report's recommendations by creating the National Health Service. For 10 points, name this LabourParty Prime Minister who succeeded Winston Churchill in 1945. ", "answer": "Clement Attlee [or Earl Attlee]", "page": "Clement_Attlee", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122657, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131044, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 244], [245, 311], [312, 451], [452, 588], [589, 681]], "first_sentence": "When leading his country, this man's government introduced the H.O.R.S.A. and S.F.O.R.S.A. schemes toprevent children from leaving school.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The main speaker of this work recalls being ordered to summon Leon the Salaminian after he is electedsenator as a member of the Antiochis tribe. In this text, a man asks whether anyone believes in horsemanshipbut not horses, or flute-playing but not flute-players, in order to show how his belief in spiritual agencyimplies a belief in spirits. The primary speaker of this text posits that death leads to either an eternal sleep oran afterlife where one can talk to Homer and Orpheus. In this text, Meletus is embarrassed after his disregardfor the youth is revealed by a man who characterizes himself as a gadfly to the state. For 10 points, name thisPlatonic text which details Socrates's speech before his execution. ", "answer": " Apology [or Apologia Socratis] ", "page": "Apology_(Plato)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122656, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131045, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 344], [345, 484], [485, 627], [628, 719]], "first_sentence": "The main speaker of this work recalls being ordered to summon Leon the Salaminian after he is electedsenator as a member of the Antiochis tribe.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Paul Samuelson showed how this thing could resolve Pareto inefficiencies in an overlapping generationsmodel where interest rates are below the population growth rate. Karl Polanyi called this thing, along withland and labor, one of the three \"commodity fictions\" in The Great Transformation. The set of interest rateoutputcombinations where the demand for this equals its supply traces out the LM curve in the IS-LM model.Stone wheels on the island of Yap are a famous example of an early \"fiat\" type. Its supply is directlyproportional to the price level according to the \"quantity theory\" of it, and in most countries the supply iscontrolled by a central bank like the Federal Reserve. For 10 points, name this thing used in exchange. ", "answer": "money ", "page": "Money", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122655, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131046, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [167, 291], [292, 422], [422, 501], [502, 687], [688, 736]], "first_sentence": "Paul Samuelson showed how this thing could resolve Pareto inefficiencies in an overlapping generationsmodel where interest rates are below the population growth rate.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This effect manifests alongside absent deep tendon reflexes and anhidrosis in Adie syndrome. Lesions onthird-order neurons may be detected using the paredrine test for this effect in Horner's syndrome. This effectis caused by sympathetic stimulation of the radial muscle. When non-physiological, this response is also calledmydriasis and can result from damage to cranial nerve 3. Women sometimes induced this response to appearmore seductive by putting drops of deadly nightshade over their eyes. This response is opposed by the actionof the iris sphincter and is usually reversed upon exposure to bright light. For 10 points, name this process inwhich the eye lets in more light by expanding the pupil. ", "answer": "pupillary dilation [or light-near dissociation until \"Horner's\" is read; or mydriasis until it is read] ", "page": "Pupillary_response", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122654, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131047, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 201], [202, 271], [272, 380], [381, 497], [498, 612], [613, 704]], "first_sentence": "This effect manifests alongside absent deep tendon reflexes and anhidrosis in Adie syndrome.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This element reacts directly with chloromethane in the aptly named direct process, discovered by Rochowand M\u00c3\u00bcller. This element is the second-lightest to take on, in pure form, the crystal described as twointerpenetrating fcc lattices. A very pure form of this element is created using the Siemens process. TBS andTIPS belong to a class of protecting groups characterized by an ether of this element. This element, boron, andoxygen constitutes Pyrex glass. It's the element most commonly crystallized using the Czochralski (chokhRAL-skee)process. Because it has the same number of valence electrons, it can replace carbon in compounds.For 10 points, identify this semiconductor with atomic number 14. ", "answer": "silicon [or Si]", "page": "Silicon", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122653, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131048, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 236], [237, 307], [308, 401], [402, 457], [458, 547], [548, 636], [636, 701]], "first_sentence": "This element reacts directly with chloromethane in the aptly named direct process, discovered by Rochowand M\u00c3\u00bcller.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "T.J. Clark argued that this painting forced viewers to confront difficult aspects of modernity in an essaytitled for this painting's \"choice.\" This painting inspired a canvas in which a balding, bearded man in blackwatches a cloud-like sheet being removed from the subject. The subject of this painting wears a gold ribbonwith a black tassel, and has a black ribbon tied around her neck. At the right of this painting, a black cat withraised tail sits at the foot of a bed, and a bouquet of flowers is being presented by a black servant. The subjectof this painting covers her pubic area with her left hand, which critics have interpreted as a mark of defiance.For 10 points, name this scandalous painting by Edouard Manet of a prostitute. ", "answer": "Olympia", "page": "Olympia,_London", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122652, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131049, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [141, 273], [274, 387], [388, 537], [538, 661], [661, 739]], "first_sentence": "T.J. Clark argued that this painting forced viewers to confront difficult aspects of modernity in an essaytitled for this painting's \"choice.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This country was home to a sect which raised children to the sky instead of baptizing them, theTheophilanthropists. A ceremony conducted in this country centered on an artificial mountain topped by agigantic statue of Hercules. Sophie Momoro helped found a religion in this country which inscribed \"death isan eternal sleep\" on cemetery gates. Priests were targeted by the September Massacres in this country, wherethe Civil Constitution of the Clergy was implemented. The Cult of Reason was promoted in this country, butwas eventually replaced with the Cult of the Supreme Being. In this country, a calendar with divisions likeFructidor, Prairial, and Thermidor was created to replace the Gregorian one. For 10 points, name this countrywhere Maximilien Robespierre led a \"Reign of Terror\" during its revolution. ", "answer": "Revolutionary France [or French Republic; or Republique Francaise]", "page": "French_Revolution", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122651, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131050, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 227], [228, 343], [344, 468], [469, 580], [581, 704], [705, 812]], "first_sentence": "This country was home to a sect which raised children to the sky instead of baptizing them, theTheophilanthropists.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This poem describes \"fine rosettes of lime\" and \"shapes like full-blown roses stained and lost through age.\"The speaker of this poem stares into eyes that have irises \"backed and packed with tarnished tinfoil seenthrough the lenses of old scratched isinglass.\" In this poem, brown skin is compared to \"ancient wallpaper,\"and the narrator describes a \"five-haired beard of wisdom\" made of objects \"like medals with their ribbonsfrayed.\" Near the end of this poem, the speaker recalls how \"victory filled up\" her little rented vehicle andexclaims, \"everything was rainbow, rainbow, rainbow!\", after which she lets the title animal go. For 10 points,name this Elizabeth Bishop poem about an aquatic catch. ", "answer": "\"The Fish\"", "page": "Fish", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122650, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131051, "tokenizations": [[0, 260], [261, 434], [434, 435], [436, 632], [633, 702]], "first_sentence": "This poem describes \"fine rosettes of lime\" and \"shapes like full-blown roses stained and lost through age.\"The speaker of this poem stares into eyes that have irises \"backed and packed with tarnished tinfoil seenthrough the lenses of old scratched isinglass.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The operating lines on a McCabe-Thiele diagram are drawn to obey this principle. This law is exploited bythe lever rule, which gives the ratio of concentrations at equilibrium on a phase diagram. This law applied to acontrol volume sets the partial derivative of concentration with time equal to the negative gradient of flux,which reduces to the continuity equation at steady state. The law of definite proportions, the law of multipleproportions and this law form the basis of stoichiometry. The classic example of this principle involvesburning magnesium in air, a variant of Lavoisier's original experiments that discovered it. For 10 points, namethis principle which implies that matter is neither created nor destroyed. ", "answer": " law of conservation of mass [or the law of conservation of matter; or the law of conservation of moles]", "page": "Conservation_of_mass", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122649, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131052, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 195], [196, 383], [384, 493], [494, 631], [632, 725]], "first_sentence": "The operating lines on a McCabe-Thiele diagram are drawn to obey this principle.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A man with this profession is addressed in the extra canto that concludes Wallace Stevens's Notes Toward aSupreme Fiction. William Wordsworth characterized an ideal member of this profession as one who \"hathwrought upon the plan that pleased his boyish thought.\" A sonnet titled for a member of this professionidentifies the speaker's heartbeat as \"a pulse in the eternal mind\" giving back \"sights and sounds\" and\"laughter, learnt of friends\" to their source. Another poem about people with this occupation calls \"each slowdusk a drawing-down of blinds\" after comparing them to cattle, asking \"what passing-bells\" will send them ontheir way. For 10 points, name this profession whose members were memorialized by Rupert Brooke andWilfred Owen. ", "answer": "soldiers [or warriors]", "page": "Soldier", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122648, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131053, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 261], [261, 459], [460, 641], [642, 743]], "first_sentence": "A man with this profession is addressed in the extra canto that concludes Wallace Stevens's Notes Toward aSupreme Fiction.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This text, which draws its central idea from Jacques Turgot's history of physics, says that its title topic is\"distinguished from the ancient\" chiefly by the \"rejection of all inquiring into causes.\" It proposes a process forelucidating natural laws which John Stuart Mill labeled \"the inverse deductive method.\" This text argues thatmore complex fields of study progress more slowly than simpler ones, and uses Newton's laws of motion as anexample of the endpoint of the movement from theological, to metaphysical, to scientific knowledge. This textalso argues that sociology discovers the laws of all other fields. For 10 points, name this text which advancesthe \"law of three stages\" and explains the theories of Auguste Comte. ", "answer": "The Course in Positive Philosophy [or The Course of Positive Philosophy; or Cours de Philosophie Positive]", "page": "The_Course_in_Positive_Philosophy", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122647, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131054, "tokenizations": [[0, 198], [198, 311], [311, 540], [541, 616], [617, 730]], "first_sentence": "This text, which draws its central idea from Jacques Turgot's history of physics, says that its title topic is\"distinguished from the ancient\" chiefly by the \"rejection of all inquiring into causes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Genre and composer required. In a movement from one of these pieces, two recorders accompany asoprano soloist that represents the Roman deity Pales. The sinfonia that opens one of them is an F majorAdagio often transposed into G major and called the composer's \"Arioso.\" Hymns by Philipp Nicolai wereincorporated into two of these pieces, such as in the tenor chorale \"Zion hears the watchmen singing.\" Thesepieces include Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben and Wachet Auf, Ruft uns die Stimme, or Sleepers Awake, andinclude arias such as \"Sheep May Safely Graze.\" One of them ends with the chorale \"Jesu, Joy of Man'sDesiring.\" For 10 points, name these roughly two hundred choral pieces by the composer of The Well-TemperedKlavier. ", "answer": "cantatas by J.S. Bach [or cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach; prompt on Bach; prompt on J. Bach; prompt on Johann Bach; prompt on cantatas; do not accept \"J.C. Bach\" or \"Johann Christian Bach\"] ", "page": "Bach_cantata", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122646, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131055, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 270], [271, 402], [403, 560], [560, 625], [626, 730]], "first_sentence": "Genre and composer required. In a movement from one of these pieces, two recorders accompany asoprano soloist that represents the Roman deity Pales.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "It's not Germany, but a politician in this country declared he wanted to \"clean out the city with a Karcher\"vacuum cleaner. This country's Prime Minister told Christine Amanpour his country did not experience riotsbecause \"nobody died\" during \"two weeks of unrest.\" Tension began in this country after the deaths ofteenagers Zyed Benna and Bouna Traore. In a suburb of this country's capital, two boys were electrocuted at apower substation, kicking off massive 2005 riots involving heavily North African immigrant populations. Thepresident of this country at the time had recently won re-election over the far right National Front leader JeanMarieLe Pen. For 10 points, name this country that was led by Jacques Chirac. ", "answer": "France [or the French Fifth Republic] ", "page": "France", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122645, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131056, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 265], [266, 353], [354, 527], [528, 655], [656, 720]], "first_sentence": "It's not Germany, but a politician in this country declared he wanted to \"clean out the city with a Karcher\"vacuum cleaner.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An older god challenges this deity to a contest to see who can stay submerged underwater for three months.This god is healed when some milk is poured into his wounds, which were created when some of his bodyparts were torn out, buried in a mountain, and bloomed into lotuses. Among his children is a radiant disk thatemerges from the head of a god who eats some lettuce filled with this god's semen. This deity paints a woodenboat to look like stone to win a race against the sinking stone boat of his rival. This god's mother reassemblesthe fourteen scattered remains of this god's murdered father. This god defeats his uncle Set in a series ofcontendings to become ruler of Egypt. For 10 points, name this falcon-headed son of Osiris. ", "answer": "Horus ", "page": "Horus", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122644, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131057, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [106, 275], [276, 399], [400, 508], [509, 599], [600, 682], [683, 736]], "first_sentence": "An older god challenges this deity to a contest to see who can stay submerged underwater for three months.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "John Lydgate wrote an addition to The Canterbury Tales titled for the siege of this city. A play about a formerking of this place formed the basis for T. S. Eliot's last play, The Elder Statesman. A long poem named for thisplace describes the first Nemean games and describes a hero who gnaws the head of his enemy Melanippus.The maxim that no man should be considered happy until he is dead concludes a play set in this city, whichtitles an epic poem by Statius. In that play set in this city, a servant narrates how the offstage protagonist tookdown his wife's hanging corpse and used the gold pins from her dress to blind himself after learning that hiswife Jocasta was also his mother. For 10 points, name this city, the setting of Sophocles's Oedipus Rex.", "answer": "Thebes", "page": "Thebes,_Greece", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122643, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131058, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 196], [197, 326], [326, 463], [464, 689], [690, 760]], "first_sentence": "John Lydgate wrote an addition to The Canterbury Tales titled for the siege of this city.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During this city's defense, William Jasper was recognized for valor after retrieving a flag that had been shotdown. It's not New York, but an assault on this city began with forces landing on nearby Long Island. After thiscity's eventual capture, guerrilla warfare continued in the nearby swamps under the leadership of FrancisMarion. One of this city's fortifications on Sullivan's Island was constructed largely of sand and palmettowood. Forces based in this city fired upon the supply ship Star of the West and forced the capitulation of RobertAnderson. For 10 points, name this South Carolina city that was defended during the Civil War by FortMoultrie and Fort Sumter. ", "answer": "Charleston", "page": "Charleston,_South_Carolina", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122642, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131059, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 211], [212, 334], [335, 439], [440, 556], [557, 673]], "first_sentence": "During this city's defense, William Jasper was recognized for valor after retrieving a flag that had been shotdown.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "F6PPK is the key enzyme used in a variant of this process called the bifid shunt. Some organisms substitutethis pathway with one in which a dehydratase produces KDPG. TIM barrels were named after an enzyme inthis pathway that interconverts DHAP and GADP. In this pathway, a mutase moves a phosphate from the 3- tothe 2-position of PG, which is then converted to the penultimate substrate via an enzyme discovered byMeyerhof, enolase. AMP and ADP upregulate this pathway by activating production of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate through phosphofructokinase. One ATP is used in the first step of this pathway's \"investment\"phase, which is catalyzed by hexokinase. For 10 points, name this metabolic pathway that breaks down glucoseinto pyruvate. ", "answer": "glycolysis [or Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway; or EMP pathway; or Entner-Doudoroff pathway] ", "page": "Glycolysis", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122641, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131060, "tokenizations": [[0, 81], [82, 166], [167, 254], [255, 433], [434, 552], [553, 657], [658, 739]], "first_sentence": "F6PPK is the key enzyme used in a variant of this process called the bifid shunt.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One painting from this artist's \"mythomorphic\" period depicts a pair of sinuous abstract creatures on abeige background. Late in life, this artist suffered an aortic aneurysm which restricted him to creating smallerworks on stretched paper, which he claimed were \"about death\" and eschewed bright colors. Fourteen blackhuedpaintings by this artist of Slow Swirl At The Edge Of The Sea can be found in a building fronted by BarnettNewman's Broken Obelisk. This artist, who pulled out of a commission to decorate the Seagram Building,painted many artworks that adorn a namesake Houston chapel. For 10 points, name this Latvian-Americanartist of paintings such as Black on Gray and Four Darks in Red that pioneered Color Field painting. ", "answer": "Mark Rothko [or Markus Yakovlevich Rotkovich] ", "page": "Mark_Rothko", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122640, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131061, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 304], [305, 361], [362, 454], [455, 591], [592, 733]], "first_sentence": "One painting from this artist's \"mythomorphic\" period depicts a pair of sinuous abstract creatures on abeige background.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A family of two-power density models for these objects is named for Walter Dehnen. A scaling relation forthese objects was derived by John Kormendy. The isophote twist of these objects indicates they are triaxialsystems. A scaling relation for these objects uses the diameter within which the average surface brightness is20.75 in the B-band and is the D-sub-n sigma relation. A de Vaucouleurs profile is followed both by theirnormal and extremely luminous cD types. The fundamental plane for these objects is formed by any two of theparameters effective radius, average surface brightness, and velocity dispersion. Their luminosity isproportional to their velocity dispersion according to the Faber-Jackson relation. They form the base of thetuning fork diagram. For 10 points, name this common galaxy type that's contrasted with spiral galaxies. ", "answer": "elliptical galaxies [prompt on galaxies] ", "page": "Elliptical_galaxy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122639, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131062, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 148], [149, 220], [221, 376], [377, 466], [467, 615], [616, 717], [718, 763], [764, 847]], "first_sentence": "A family of two-power density models for these objects is named for Walter Dehnen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Hilary of Athanaric was enraged by Ulfilas's missionary work promoting this heresy among the Goths. Alsoadopted by the Vandals, this heresy persisted most strongly in and around Constantinople, where it wasendorsed by Constantius II and Valens before being stamped out by Theodosius. This heresy prompted churchleaders to settle on the doctrine of Homoousios to dispute that the Logos had been created, and prompted theformulation of the Nicene Creed. For 10 points, name this heresy named after a preacher from Alexandria thatchallenged the Trinity by claiming Christ was created rather than synonymous with God, not to be confusedwith a modern racial theory.", "answer": "Arianism", "page": "Arianism", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122638, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131063, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 283], [284, 451], [452, 660]], "first_sentence": "Hilary of Athanaric was enraged by Ulfilas's missionary work promoting this heresy among the Goths.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Under gauge freedom, the time derivative of a scalar function is subtracted from this quantity to maintaininvariance. In the Lorentz gauge condition, the time derivative of this quantity is divided by the speed of lightsquared. The relativistic case in Jefimenko's equations uses the retarded form of this quantity, derived from aspace integral over the charge density. This scalar, and a vector symbolized A, make up a four-vector whosederivative is the electromagnetic tensor. For conservative fields, the Laplacian of this quantity equals negativecharge density over vacuum permittivity in Gauss's Law, since the negative gradient of this quantity equals theelectric field. It equals Coulomb's constant times the sum of all point charges over their distances. For 10points, name this quantity measured in volts.", "answer": "electric potential [or phi; or voltage; or V; do not accept \"electric potential difference\"]", "page": "Electric_potential", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122637, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131064, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 227], [228, 369], [370, 478], [479, 676], [677, 762], [763, 814]], "first_sentence": "Under gauge freedom, the time derivative of a scalar function is subtracted from this quantity to maintaininvariance.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Seekers of these objects established a type of music known as fijri. One of these objects was nicknamed \"LaPeregrina\" because it frequently changed hands for nearly five hundred years. The momme, the Japanese unitof mass, is often used outside of Japan to measure the weight of these objects, which are retrieved by the amaof Okinawa. These objects have historically been a mainstay of Bahrain's economy. The delta region of a rivernamed for these objects is home to Hong Kong. The production of these objects at Sri Lanka's Gulf of Mannarinspired an opera by Georges Bizet. These objects are often composed of nacre. For 10 points, name thesevaluable objects produced inside oysters. ", "answer": "pearls", "page": "Pearl", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122636, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131065, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 184], [185, 334], [335, 404], [405, 477], [478, 574], [575, 617], [618, 684]], "first_sentence": "Seekers of these objects established a type of music known as fijri.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a play by this author, a woman has to act out the word \"winsomely\" during a game of adverbs and laterlaunches into a scene beginning, \"Is this a game?\" from her play Love's Whirlwind. A character in a play by thisauthor insists that the song Always be played for a seven-year-old with a cold named Daphne. This authorwrote about the cocaine-addicted composer Nicky Lancaster in The Vortex. A play by this author features theBliss family, who each invite a different guest to spend the weekend in their country house. In one of his plays,Ruth is killed by a car booby-trapped by Elvira, whose ghost was summoned during a seance conducted byMadame Arcati for Charles Condomine. For 10 points, name this British playwright of Hay Fever and BlitheSpirit. ", "answer": "Noel Coward [or Noel Peirce Coward] ", "page": "No\u00ebl_Coward", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122635, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131066, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [153, 186], [187, 308], [309, 392], [393, 519], [520, 678], [679, 753]], "first_sentence": "In a play by this author, a woman has to act out the word \"winsomely\" during a game of adverbs and laterlaunches into a scene beginning, \"Is this a game?", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, a hotel waiter unsuccessfully seeks a \"man's job\" building a road to the local river. At the end ofthis novel, a woman recalls the way calm water quelled the \"turbulent\" body of a young boy. The title characterof this novel has a grandmother who cuts off her leg to get insurance money and a mother who dies when herdress catches on fire. A character in this novel encourages everyone to kill themselves each year on January 3.This novel's setting, which was built on land that a slave bought thinking that the land was closer to heaven, isan Ohio town called The Bottom. Its title character accidentally drowns Chicken Little by throwing him into ariver. For 10 points, name this novel by Toni Morrison named for Nel's best friend. ", "answer": " Sula", "page": "\u0160u\u013ea", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122634, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131067, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 205], [206, 353], [354, 446], [447, 586], [587, 670], [671, 747]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, a hotel waiter unsuccessfully seeks a \"man's job\" building a road to the local river.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this country, government documents and newspapers were unreadable to most citizens due to beingpublished in the \"purified\" language dialect. The disastrous Battle of Dragasani ended the campaign of a herofrom this country. Attacks by klephts intensified a crisis in this country. Men who were ethnically from thiscountry rose to prominence as \"phanariotes.\" Most of this country's navy avoided destruction after escapingfrom the Gerontas Bay. The Filiki Eteria secret society sponsored Alexander Ypsilanti, a national hero fromthis country. A combined British, French and Russian fleet won the critical battle of Navarino during thiscountry's war of independence. For 10 points, name this country whose first king, Otto, ruled from Athens. ", "answer": " Greece [or Hellenic Republic; or Hellas; or Elliniki Dhimokratia] ", "page": "Greece", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122632, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131069, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 225], [226, 282], [283, 359], [359, 445], [446, 543], [544, 666], [667, 742]], "first_sentence": "In this country, government documents and newspapers were unreadable to most citizens due to beingpublished in the \"purified\" language dialect.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A tenor aria from this opera begins with the note D sung in a double-dotted \"LONG, short, LONG, LONG\"rhythm, after which the same melody is repeated an octave below. A soprano aria from this opera describes aking that \"unfurled\" seven banners, conquered a rival kingdom, and \"stifled\" the voice of its ruler. A slave girlin this opera stabs herself to death after proclaiming the title character to be \"encircled in ice\" in the aria \"Tuche di gel sei cinta.\" Its title character sings \"In questa reggia\" as she poses three riddles to the tenor lead, who inturn challenges her to discover his name by the next morning, but predicts her failure in the aria \"Nessundorma.\" For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera about a Chinese princess.", "answer": "Turandot", "page": "Turandot", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122631, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131070, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 308], [309, 457], [457, 669], [670, 742]], "first_sentence": "A tenor aria from this opera begins with the note D sung in a double-dotted \"LONG, short, LONG, LONG\"rhythm, after which the same melody is repeated an octave below.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 1993, Prince and Smolensky developed a new approach to this subfield based on evaluating \"constraint\"sets, called Optimality Theory. The basic units of study in this subfield are represented as a column ofproperties marked with pluses and minuses within a large set of brackets in Roman Jakobson's \"distinctivefeature\" theory. This subfield might study when \"underlying representations\" are affected by changes such assyncope or epenthesis, and seeks rules determining when people might produce or perceive features such asaspiration or voicing. For 10 points, name this subfield of linguistics focused on the rules and patterns ofsounds within language, whose basic unit is the phoneme. ", "answer": "phonology [prompt on \"linguistics\" or \"computational linguistics\" before mention; do not accept \"phonetics\"]", "page": "Phonology", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122630, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131071, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 329], [330, 548], [549, 690]], "first_sentence": "In 1993, Prince and Smolensky developed a new approach to this subfield based on evaluating \"constraint\"sets, called Optimality Theory.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These devices can analyze EBICs produced by semiconductors. Gaseous detection devices may replace thetypical Everhart-Thornley detector in different types of these devices. Gas escapes out of a series of pressurelimitingapertures through differential pumping stages in that \"environmental\" type of these machines. Theytypically use tungsten cathode thermionic guns. Gold on carbon samples are used for resolution tests in thesedevices, and sputter coating with a gold/palladium alloy is used to prepare its samples. These devices deflectan electron beam in a raster fashion to produce images with high depth of field. For 10 points, name this typeof electron microscope that images a sample's surface topography, unlike transmission EM.", "answer": "scanning electron microscope [or SEM; or scanning after \"microscope\" is read; prompt on \"electron microscope\"; do not accept \"scanning tunneling microscope\"]", "page": "Scanning_electron_microscope", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122629, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131072, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 313], [314, 365], [366, 515], [516, 617], [618, 736]], "first_sentence": "These devices can analyze EBICs produced by semiconductors. Gaseous detection devices may replace thetypical Everhart-Thornley detector in different types of these devices.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This place was adjacent to a well where the water goddess Coventina was worshiped. Information aboutthis place was found on the Rudge Cup. The creation of this place is referenced in a limerick which promptedits designer to write \"I don't want to be a Florus, please.\" A revolt near this structure signaled the beginning ofthe Great Conspiracy, which was put down by Count Theodosius. A birthday invitation was found on one ofthe Vindolanda tablets, which were unearthed near this structure. The creator of this structure laterestablished the Panhellenion in Greece and put down the Bar Kokhba revolt. This structure was intended tostop Pictish raids from Caledonia. For 10 points, name this fortification supplemented by one built byAntoninus Pius, a wall in northern Britain sponsored by a \"good\" Roman emperor. ", "answer": "Hadrian's Wall [or Vallum Aelium] ", "page": "Hadrian's_Wall", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122628, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131073, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 138], [139, 268], [269, 384], [385, 491], [492, 601], [602, 666], [667, 813]], "first_sentence": "This place was adjacent to a well where the water goddess Coventina was worshiped.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this play, a woman decides that normal human relationships are \"two by two\" after being told that she isabout to lose one of her chicks. Another woman in this play says that people are \"shut up in little boxes,\" andasks her father to take her away on her wedding day. The first scene of this play includes a description of thePolish Town and a prediction of when the first car will appear in this play's setting. At the end of this play, adead woman returns to one of her birthdays, and asks if humans ever \"realize life while they live it.\" HowieNewsome serves as the milkman of this play's setting, the hometown of George Gibbs and Emily Webb. For 10points, name this play set in Grover's Corners by Thornton Wilder. ", "answer": "Our Town ", "page": "Our_Town", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122627, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131074, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 270], [271, 415], [416, 543], [543, 544], [545, 648], [649, 721]], "first_sentence": "In this play, a woman decides that normal human relationships are \"two by two\" after being told that she isabout to lose one of her chicks.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Nick Berg was killed as revenge for what happened at this place. A Seymour Hersh article blamed eventshere on a secret program called \"Copper Green.\" A cover of The Economist featured a photo of this place with acaption urging a Cabinet member to \"RESIGN.\" When talking about this place, Rush Limbaugh asked \"youever heard of emotional release?\" and compared it to the \"Skull and Bones initiation.\" Lynndie England wassentenced to prison for her actions here, which included giving the thumbs up in photos next to a pyramid ofnaked people. For 10 points, name this prison complex where Iraqi prisoners were abused by U.S. soldiers. ", "answer": "Abu Ghraib prison [or Baghdad Central prison; or Father of Raven; or Place of Ravens] ", "page": "Abu_Ghraib_prison", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122626, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131075, "tokenizations": [[0, 64], [65, 148], [148, 149], [150, 255], [255, 398], [399, 539], [540, 631]], "first_sentence": "Nick Berg was killed as revenge for what happened at this place.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Some cyanobacteria possess a gas-permeable type of this structure comprised of stacks of cylindrical gasvesicles. Acido-calcisomes were first discovered near a type of this structure in trypanosomes. Itsparasitophorous type forms during invasion and protects apicomplexan parasites from host attack. Inorganicions are found in this structure's \"cell sap\". It may store anthocyanins and other colorful flavonoids. Thisorganelle's central type is surrounded by the tonoplast, and osmoregulation is performed by its contractiletype to prevent lysis. It maintains turgor pressure in plants. For 10 points, name this large vesicle thatfunctions as a storage compartment and takes up much of the volume of plant cells. ", "answer": "vacuole [or central vacuole; or gas vacuole; or contractile vacuole; or vacuolar membrane; prompt on tonoplast until \"cell sap\" is read; prompt on vesicle until it is read]", "page": "Vacuole", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122625, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131076, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 199], [200, 299], [300, 355], [356, 412], [413, 546], [547, 586], [587, 712]], "first_sentence": "Some cyanobacteria possess a gas-permeable type of this structure comprised of stacks of cylindrical gasvesicles.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The second Storegga event resulted in one of these phenomena. These phenomena can create symmetricalexamples of parabolic dunes that contain angular clasts or mud in addition to sand and are named chevronsfor their inverted-v shape. An intensity scale for these phenomena was devised by Soloviev. The PTWC wasfounded after one of these phenomena devastated Hilo. Their deposits are difficult to distinguish from thoseleft by hurricanes because both deposit continuous and discontinuous sand sediments, sometimes withisolated boulders, across large areas of coast. These natural hazards are shallow water waves even in the deepocean due to their long wavelength. For 10 points, name these fast moving waves, created by submarinelandslides and earthquakes, that can devastate coasts. ", "answer": "tsunamis [or seismic sea waves; prompt on harbor waves or earthquakes] ", "page": "Tsunami", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122624, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131077, "tokenizations": [[0, 61], [62, 232], [233, 296], [297, 362], [363, 563], [564, 661], [662, 781]], "first_sentence": "The second Storegga event resulted in one of these phenomena.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 2014, this man's daughter provoked a scandal by personally participating in a revenge killing during theresearch for her ethnography of Philadelphia, On the Run. This writer described six patterns for how womenbehave in commercials and billboards in his book Gender Advertisements, and argued that people interpretpolitical events through what he called their \"primary frame.\" In his major work, this sociologist argued thatthe protection of \"secrets\" was necessary for the preservation of a \"team,\" whose \"front stage\" activity differsfrom its \"back stage.\" In that book, this sociologist analyzed the concept of \"impression management\" andused analogies from the theater to model the way people put on roles in front of others. For 10 points, namethis sociologist who developed the \"dramaturgical model\" of social interaction in The Presentation of Self inEveryday Life.", "answer": "Erving Goffman", "page": "Erving_Goffman", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122623, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131078, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 379], [380, 561], [562, 732], [733, 875]], "first_sentence": "In 2014, this man's daughter provoked a scandal by personally participating in a revenge killing during theresearch for her ethnography of Philadelphia, On the Run.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man in this novel offers the protagonist a sniff of cocaine-laced powder from his gold snuffbox during aheated conversation. Mankind and machines are locked in an apocalyptic struggle in a scene from this novel,in which the protagonist sees a door reading \"ALL GIRLS ARE YOURS.\" The protagonist of this novel isdissuaded from committing suicide by a girl with whom he learns the fox-trot, and receives an invitationreading \"For Madmen Only -- Price of Admission Your Mind,\" to a place where he commits a murder with aknife that appears in his pocket. After the Fancy Dress Ball, the saxophonist Pablo invites this novel'sprotagonist into the Magic Theater, where he kills Hermine. For 10 points, name this novel about the halfbeastHarry Haller, by Hermann Hesse.", "answer": "Steppenwolf [or Der Steppenwolf] ", "page": "Steppenwolf_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122622, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131079, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 279], [279, 426], [426, 441], [442, 552], [553, 682], [683, 764]], "first_sentence": "A man in this novel offers the protagonist a sniff of cocaine-laced powder from his gold snuffbox during aheated conversation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Quanto's Law was passed in this country after the law's namesake, a police dog, was stabbed by a criminal high ondrugs. Red squares were worn by students during a 2012 protest in this country that led to a ban on wearing masksduring riots. In June 2015, this country passed a widely-criticized anti-terrorism bill that will increase the powers ofCSIS. In October 2014, two military officers in this country were hit by a car outside a shopping mall two days beforeMichael Zehaf-Bibeau killed a guardsman on Parliament Hill; both lone-wolf attacks were conducted by ISIS supporters.For 10 points, name this country that supplies its only neighboring country with oil through the Keystone Pipeline. ", "answer": "Canada ", "page": "Canada", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122621, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131080, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 239], [240, 351], [352, 581], [581, 696]], "first_sentence": "Quanto's Law was passed in this country after the law's namesake, a police dog, was stabbed by a criminal high ondrugs.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In 1982, this thinker claimed that Communism was \"the most successful variant of Fascism.\" In a PartisanReview essay, this author wrote that \"the white race is the cancer of human history.\" This person directed acandlelit performance of Waiting for Godot during the 1990s Siege of Sarajevo. In an essay, this thinker claimedthat Hitchcock's films fell into \"self-parody\" and could not be part of the title canon. This author wrote a 1978text that notes how both tuberculosis and cancer were once linked to a person's psychological traits. Sheproduced a series of theses that define picture postcards as part of the title \"love of the unnatural.\" For 10points, name this writer of the book Illness as Metaphor and the essay \"Notes on 'Camp.'\"", "answer": "Susan Sontag [or Susan Rosenblatt] ", "page": "Susan_Sontag", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122619, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131082, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 188], [188, 290], [291, 412], [413, 538], [539, 645], [646, 741]], "first_sentence": "In 1982, this thinker claimed that Communism was \"the most successful variant of Fascism.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character originally from this literary work inspired a suite whose fifth movement calls for four smallorchestras to play independently of each other to depict a hectic \"Marketplace in Ispahan.\" That suite openswith an \"Oriental Festival March\" and is by Carl Nielsen. This literary work inspired a theme in which harpglissandos accompany an undulating Lento recitative for solo violin that begins with a long, high E. Thattheme, which is reprised in a movement portraying a ship crashing against a cliff following a \"Festival atBaghdad,\" depicts a woman whose menacing husband is introduced in the movement \"The Sea and Sinbad'sShip.\" For 10 points, name this literary collection that inspired Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade. ", "answer": "The Arabian Nights [or The One Thousand and One Nights; or Kitab alf laylah wa-laylah; prompt on \"Aladdin\"]", "page": "One_Thousand_and_One_Nights", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122618, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131083, "tokenizations": [[0, 195], [195, 270], [271, 637], [638, 736]], "first_sentence": "A character originally from this literary work inspired a suite whose fifth movement calls for four smallorchestras to play independently of each other to depict a hectic \"Marketplace in Ispahan.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man in this novel begins to tell a story about the King of Bohemia's seven castles, but ends up describinghis sexual encounter with a nun who vigorously caresses his knee. A clergyman in this book supports thetraining of a midwife in his town so that people will stop using his horse to get to the doctor. In the firstvolume of this novel, the narrator explains \"hobby-horses.\" In this novel, a character builds replicas of theSiege of Namur after moving to the country on the advice of Corporal Trim. A falling window sash causes theaccidental circumcision of this novel's title character, whose Uncle Toby is the focus of much of its second half.For 10 points, name this long, digressive novel by Laurence Sterne. ", "answer": "Tristram Shandy [or The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman] ", "page": "The_Life_and_Opinions_of_Tristram_Shandy,_Gentleman", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122617, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131084, "tokenizations": [[0, 173], [174, 307], [308, 379], [380, 503], [504, 650], [650, 717]], "first_sentence": "A man in this novel begins to tell a story about the King of Bohemia's seven castles, but ends up describinghis sexual encounter with a nun who vigorously caresses his knee.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Along with a phosphate, this ion coordinates adenosine in a compound used to make ATP duringpyrosequencing. Its ammonium salt is used to salt out proteins. The proteoglycans heparan and chondroitinare found bound to this anion. This ion is the hydrophilic group in a lysing agent added before polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis. In that case, it's coordinated to a sodium dodecyl cation. Barium precipitates out this ion,whose anhydrous magnesium form is an ubiquitous drying agent. Gypsum is the calcium salt of this anion,and its monoprotic and diprotic acids are both strong. For 10 points, name this oxide of sulfur VI (six), adivalent anion with formula SO4 two minus.", "answer": " sulfate [or SO4 2 minus until it is read; do not accept or prompt on \"sulfite\" or \"bisulfate\"] ", "page": "Sulfate", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122616, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131085, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 155], [156, 227], [228, 327], [328, 386], [387, 481], [482, 577], [578, 672]], "first_sentence": "Along with a phosphate, this ion coordinates adenosine in a compound used to make ATP duringpyrosequencing.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the eighteenth century, this lake was allegedly where a wooden tablet with an image of the Virgin Marydrifted up next to a washerwoman named Maria Cardenas. Nancy Wexler has studied the oddly highprevalence of Huntington's disease among the native population along this lake's shore. An Esso tanker oncecollided into the Rafael Urdaneta Bridge crossing this lake's outlet. In 2004, nearly twenty percent of this lakequickly became covered in duckweed. A significant amount of thunderless lightning occurs where theCatatumbo River empties into this lake. This lake's palafitos, or stilt houses, led Amerigo Vespucci to name itssurrounding region \"Little Venice.\" For 10 points, name this lake in Venezuela that is the largest in SouthAmerica. ", "answer": " Lake Maracaibo [or Lago de Maracaibo] ", "page": "Lake_Maracaibo", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122615, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131086, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 286], [287, 375], [376, 454], [455, 556], [557, 664], [665, 744]], "first_sentence": "In the eighteenth century, this lake was allegedly where a wooden tablet with an image of the Virgin Marydrifted up next to a washerwoman named Maria Cardenas.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "People ancestrally from this modern-day country were killed by nationalists in pits called foibe. The Treaty ofOsimo partitioned a territory shared by this country and its eastern neighbor. Mark Clark inexplicably led theU.S. Fifth Army away from a retreating army in this country following the success of Operation Diadem. TheGothic Line, the site of the last major action for an entirely Japanese-American regiment, was constructed inthis country. In this country, a Benedictine monastery was bombed during a campaign that also included theBattle of Anzio. Following World War II, a city now in this country became the U.N.-controlled Free Territoryof Trieste (tree-EST). For 10 points, name this country where the Battle of Monte Cassino took place. ", "answer": "Italy [or Italian Republic; or Repubblica Italiana] ", "page": "Italy", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122614, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131087, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 189], [190, 323], [324, 449], [450, 558], [559, 673], [674, 752]], "first_sentence": "People ancestrally from this modern-day country were killed by nationalists in pits called foibe.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This industry was controlled by businessmen called \"Randlords.\" A surge in this industry was centered onWitwatersrand and led to the foundation of the Ferreira's Camp district. Workers in this industry developedthe pidgin language Fanagalo and participated in a 2012 strike against Lonmin. Some of those strikers in thisindustry were killed by police in the Marikana massacre. This industry led to the growth of Johannesburg. DeBeers, a company in this industry, was founded by Cecil Rhodes and operates a facility at Kimberley. For 10points, name this industry that produces ores and precious gems. ", "answer": "South African mining [or specific types of mining, such as diamond mining or gold mining] ", "page": "Mining_industry_of_South_Africa", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122613, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131088, "tokenizations": [[0, 62], [62, 176], [177, 289], [290, 376], [377, 425], [426, 528], [529, 599]], "first_sentence": "This industry was controlled by businessmen called \"Randlords.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A mythical being from this modern-day country sleeps with a prostitute multiple times, but each timepreserves his essence by never ejaculating. In this country's myths, a sea monster rams into a mountain, whichknocks the earth off balance until a turtle's legs are used as pillars to hold up the sky. The creation myth of thiscountry concerns a horned, hairy giant that emerges from a primordial egg. In the mythology of this country,a goddess floats to the moon after drinking an elixir of immortality belonging to her husband, who shootsdown nine suns from the sky to cool down the Earth. For 10 points, name this modern-day country whoseEight Immortals and Jade Emperor have their roots in Taoism. ", "answer": "China", "page": "China", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122612, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131089, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 300], [301, 400], [401, 590], [591, 700]], "first_sentence": "A mythical being from this modern-day country sleeps with a prostitute multiple times, but each timepreserves his essence by never ejaculating.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A field whose amplitude is given by a Bessel function of the first kind would anomalously not demonstratethis effect. An equation for this phenomenon has a leading term of i over lambda times the surface integral ofthe average of the cosine of two angles, and is derived using two of Kirchoff's boundary conditions. Under theparaxial approximation, this phenomenon is governed by an equation with a sinc squared term applied to avariable symbolized beta. The equation 2 d, sine theta, equals n lambda is used to describe how it distinguishescrystal structures. This phenomenon and interference create alternating light and dark bands on the farscreen in Young's double-slit experiment. For 10 points, name this process in which light bends around anobstacle. ", "answer": "diffraction [prompt on interference] ", "page": "Diffraction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122610, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131091, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 315], [316, 454], [455, 560], [561, 685], [686, 758]], "first_sentence": "A field whose amplitude is given by a Bessel function of the first kind would anomalously not demonstratethis effect.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An artist from this country created many paintings of nude women and oblivious clothed men roamingclassical landscapes, such as Entrance to the City. Another artist from this country depicted his grandmotherentering a room where his alcoholic father sits despondent in his canvas Scandalized Masks. Twenty artistsfrom this country formed the group The Twenty, and were led by the painter who depicted a procession under abanner reading \"Viva la sociale\" in Christ's Entry into this country's capital. A surrealist from this countrypainted several raining men in Golconda, which like his The Son of Man showcases his love of bowler hats. For 10points, name this home of country of Paul Delvaux, James Ensor, and Rene Magritte.", "answer": "Belgium [or Kingdom of Belgium; or Koninkrijk Belgie; or Royaume de Belgique; or Konigreich Belgien]", "page": "Belgium", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122609, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131092, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 298], [299, 500], [501, 636], [637, 725]], "first_sentence": "An artist from this country created many paintings of nude women and oblivious clothed men roamingclassical landscapes, such as Entrance to the City.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A diagram system for one art form involving this material was popularized by Samuel Randlett and RobertHarbin and invented by Akira Yoshizawa. The Japanese Pavilion at Expo 2000 and a temporary 1995 buildingfor the Takatori Catholic Church were designed out of this material by Shigeru Ban. Hanji is a type of thismaterial made in Korea, similar to the Japanese washi. Colored pieces of this material are adhered to objects indecoupage. Henri Matisse painted pieces of this material with gouache in cut-outs like his Blue Nude series.Another art form based on this material uses folds like \"mountain\" and \"valley\" to make figures like cranes. For10 points, name this material that is used in origami and often made from dried wood pulp.", "answer": "paper [accept cardboard] ", "page": "Paper", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122608, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131093, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 290], [291, 368], [369, 436], [437, 534], [534, 642], [643, 736]], "first_sentence": "A diagram system for one art form involving this material was popularized by Samuel Randlett and RobertHarbin and invented by Akira Yoshizawa.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In 2000, the British military was horrified to discover that it had paid for the retraining of an infamoussadist from this country, a female militia leader named Adama Cut-Hands. A rebel leader from this countrywas fond of giving menacing colloquial nicknames to military actions, like \"Operation Pay Yourself\" and\"Operation No Living Thing.\" This country used IMF funds to pay South African mercenary firm ExecutiveOutcomes to terrorize its citizens. The Abidjan and Lome Accords attempted to end a civil war in this countrydriven by Foday Sankoh and the Revolutionary United Front, backed by Liberia under Charles Taylor. For 10points, name this West African country whose rich diamond mines have led to various wars to controlFreetown. ", "answer": "Sierra Leone", "page": "Sierra_Leone", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122607, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131094, "tokenizations": [[0, 178], [179, 324], [325, 341], [341, 451], [452, 623], [624, 738]], "first_sentence": "In 2000, the British military was horrified to discover that it had paid for the retraining of an infamoussadist from this country, a female militia leader named Adama Cut-Hands.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In April, this city launched the Indego bike-share network. Losing mayoral primary candidates in this cityinclude a former district attorney known as the \"Queen of Death\" and a State Senator backed by the procharterschools PAC American Cities. Lynne Abraham and Anthony Hardy Williams were defeated in theDemocratic primary here by a former councilman and Mummer whose 2013 LGBT equality bill was signed intolaw by Michael Nutter. Engineer Brandon Bostian claims not to remember a sequence of events here in whichhis vehicle took a signed 50 mile per hour curve at 106 miles per hour. Jim Kenney is likely to be the next mayorof, for 10 points, what city in which eight people died when Amtrak Train 188 derailed on May 12th? ", "answer": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "page": "Philadelphia", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122606, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131095, "tokenizations": [[0, 243], [244, 430], [431, 584], [585, 725]], "first_sentence": "In April, this city launched the Indego bike-share network. Losing mayoral primary candidates in this cityinclude a former district attorney known as the \"Queen of Death\" and a State Senator backed by the procharterschools PAC American Cities.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A scientist with this surname names the cone-shaped propagation of force produced by a bullet enteringglass. Another scientist with this surname is the alphabetically last of two scientists who discovered thatelectrons colliding with a thin layer of mercury atoms either lost 4.9 electron volts of kinetic energy or nokinetic energy at all. That scientist, Gustav, was the brother of the inventor of the dipole antenna, which wasused to show that electromagnetic waves obeyed Maxwell's equations. A scientist with this surname noticedthat electrodes sparked more when surrounded by ultraviolet light, discovering the photoelectric effect. For 10points, give this last name of Heinrich, the scientist who names the SI unit of frequency. ", "answer": "Hertz", "page": "Hertz", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122604, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131097, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 340], [341, 496], [497, 638], [639, 735]], "first_sentence": "A scientist with this surname names the cone-shaped propagation of force produced by a bullet enteringglass.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A structure in this city contains undecorated empty spaces called \"voids,\" and includes oleasters growingatop very high pillars in its Garden of Exile. A neoclassical factory in this city's Moabit district was created byengineer Karl Bernhard and industrial designer Peter Behrens. A monument in this city, home to the AEGTurbine Factory and a Daniel Liebeskind-designed Jewish Museum, is topped by a quadriga designed byJohann Schadow, and consists of twelve Doric columns, six on each side. Another building in this city wasrenovated to add a glass dome designed by Norman Foster and, in 1995, was wrapped for two weeks by JeanClaudeand Christo. For 10 points, name this European city, home to the Brandenburg Gate and the Reichstagbuilding.", "answer": "Berlin, Germany ", "page": "Berlin", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122603, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131098, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 281], [282, 492], [493, 647], [648, 743]], "first_sentence": "A structure in this city contains undecorated empty spaces called \"voids,\" and includes oleasters growingatop very high pillars in its Garden of Exile.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A naval officer who opposed this country's independence shot a barrel full of gunpowder after being askedto surrender his ship. This country's first king earlier rejected an offer to become the king of a newlyindependentGreece. At the 1830 London Conference, Talleyrand proposed a plan to partition this country. TheTen Days' Campaign failed to quell a revolution in this country, which was sparked by the performance of TheMute Girl of Portici. This country, which has been ruled by the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha since itsindependence, must remain neutral according to the terms of the 1839 Treaty of London. For 10 points, namethis country whose first king, Leopold I, took power after splitting from the Netherlands. ", "answer": "Belgium [or Kingdom of Belgium] ", "page": "Belgium", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122602, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131099, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 227], [228, 312], [313, 445], [446, 610], [611, 720]], "first_sentence": "A naval officer who opposed this country's independence shot a barrel full of gunpowder after being askedto surrender his ship.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author catalogued fifty bad arguments used by politicians in The Book of Fallacies and wrote a sarcasticpamphlet about libel juries entitled The Art of Packing. An oft-excerpted book by this philosopher advocatesexpanding the freedom of contract and removing the reliance on tradition in law, and is a response to the legalcommentaries of William Blackstone. This man denounced the idea of \"relation\" as a \"fictitious entity\" and\"community\" as a \"fictitious body\" in his major book, which introduced the \"hedonistic calculus.\" For 10 points,name this author of the Fragment on Government whose Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislationintroduced the \"greatest happiness principle,\" causing him to be called the founder of utilitarianism. ", "answer": "Jeremy Bentham ", "page": "Jeremy_Bentham", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122601, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131100, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 363], [364, 531], [532, 757]], "first_sentence": "This author catalogued fifty bad arguments used by politicians in The Book of Fallacies and wrote a sarcasticpamphlet about libel juries entitled The Art of Packing.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "While trying to put on as many articles of clothing as possible, this novel's protagonist knocks over a can ofhairspray, causing the can to fly around the bathroom and break a mirror. This novel's protagonist breaksdown crying after spending two hours staring at a photograph of James Clerk Maxwell in a failed attempt tooperate the Nefastis machine. A character in this novel, who was once a child movie star named Baby Igor, isthe protagonist's co-executor of Pierce Inverarity's will. This novel's protagonist frequently encounters asymbol resembling a muted post horn, which represents an underground mail organization called theTristero. For 10 points, name this novel about Oedipa Maas, which was written by Thomas Pynchon. ", "answer": "The Crying of Lot 49", "page": "The_Crying_of_Lot_49", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122600, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131101, "tokenizations": [[0, 183], [184, 350], [351, 487], [488, 642], [643, 729]], "first_sentence": "While trying to put on as many articles of clothing as possible, this novel's protagonist knocks over a can ofhairspray, causing the can to fly around the bathroom and break a mirror.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The exfoliatin exotoxin released by this genus of bacteria causes pemphigus neonatorum, or SSSS.Clumping factor A is found in a species of this genus that may be identified with the slide test. This genus isdivided into CoNS and coagulase-positive species. SCCmec elements spread a mecA mutation within this genusthat encodes PBP2a. The enterotoxin type B produced by a species in this genus can cause toxic shocksyndrome. Some strains in it are designated HA- or CA- depending on mode of transmission and cancontinue synthesizing the cell wall even in the presence of beta-lactams such as methicillin. For 10 points,name this bacterial genus that can cause MRSA with mutated strains of its aureus species. ", "answer": " Staphylococcus [or Staphylococcus aureus] ", "page": "Staphylococcus", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122599, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131102, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 193], [194, 256], [257, 332], [333, 422], [423, 602], [603, 706]], "first_sentence": "The exfoliatin exotoxin released by this genus of bacteria causes pemphigus neonatorum, or", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Genre and composer required. The fourth of these pieces begins with violins playing a descending \"B, G,\"then an ascending \"E, C.\" The third of these pieces includes a waltz-like third movement in C minor and 3/8time, marked Poco allegretto. Their composer likened a horn solo in the finale of the first one to an alphornmelody. The third of these pieces, in F major, opens with an ascending \"F, A-flat, F\" motif that represents theidea \"free but happy.\" The last one ends with a passacaglia based on the bass line to a J.S. Bach cantata. Thefirst of these pieces contains a theme so similar to the \"Ode to Joy\" theme that it was nicknamed \"Beethoven'sTenth.\" For 10 points, name these four orchestral pieces by the composer of the Hungarian Dances.", "answer": "symphonies by Johannes Brahms ", "page": "List_of_symphonies_by_Johannes_Brahms", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122597, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131104, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 240], [241, 327], [328, 452], [452, 537], [538, 658], [659, 748]], "first_sentence": "Genre and composer required. The fourth of these pieces begins with violins playing a descending \"B, G,\"then an ascending \"E, C.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The namesake factor of this phenomenon is raised to the power of either two or three plus the spectralindex in the equation for relativistic beaming. This effect causes boosting in blazars because of its strongdependence on the peak frequency. The namesake relativistic factor of this phenomenon depends only on theviewing angle and the Lorentz factor. This effect caused canal rays reflected by a concave mirror oriented at 7degrees to have slight changes to their spectral lines, as measured by Ives and Stilwell. A proof of specialrelativity is the existence of this effect's transverse form. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in whichdifferent source and receiver velocities causes the observed frequency of a wave to shift. ", "answer": "Doppler effect [or transverse Doppler effect; or relativistic Doppler effect; prompt on special relativity] ", "page": "Doppler_effect", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122596, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131105, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 243], [244, 352], [353, 515], [516, 595], [596, 730]], "first_sentence": "The namesake factor of this phenomenon is raised to the power of either two or three plus the spectralindex in the equation for relativistic beaming.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Some restaurants in this country's capital sell \"Happy Pizza,\" which is topped with marijuana. AndreMalraux was once arrested for stealing a bas-relief from a site in this country. This country's residentscelebrate the water festival Bon Om Touk, during which a human stampede killed 347 people in 2010. Thiscountry's western border was fortified by the K5 Plan, leading to deforestation in the Cardamom Mountains. Ahigh school in this country was converted into a prison camp known as S-21. Siem Reap is an entry point to alarge temple complex in this country built by Suryavarman II. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asiancountry home to the Khmer people and Angkor Wat. ", "answer": "Cambodia [or Kingdom of Cambodia; or Preah Reacheanachak Kampuchea] ", "page": "Cambodia", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122595, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131106, "tokenizations": [[0, 94], [95, 180], [181, 303], [304, 414], [415, 491], [492, 585], [586, 674]], "first_sentence": "Some restaurants in this country's capital sell \"Happy Pizza,\" which is topped with marijuana.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A woman in this work has her pearls stolen by her husband before he elopes to South America with aSpanish dancer. In this work, Val fights in the Boer War after being dared to enlist by Jolly. The title characterof its first book chooses to save the baby Fleur's life over the life of the baby's mother, Annette Lamotte, but islater upset when Fleur falls for his ex-wife's son Jon. The young architect Philip Bosinney travels to Robin Hillto design a house for the title family of this series, whose members include Old Jolyon, Young Jolyon, andSoames. For 10 points, name this series of novels consisting of The Man of Property, In Chancery, and To Let,written by John Galsworthy. ", "answer": "The Forsyte Saga ", "page": "The_Forsyte_Saga", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122594, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131107, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 192], [193, 382], [383, 553], [554, 682]], "first_sentence": "A woman in this work has her pearls stolen by her husband before he elopes to South America with aSpanish dancer.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a sonnet by this author, a physician recalls how he used \"a slight kind of engine\" and asks, \"You wouldn'thang me? I thought not.\" This poet described a man who \"lifted up his voice and sang, secure, with only twomoons listening, until the whole harmonious landscape rang\" with the words \"for auld lang syne.\" This poet'spopularity peaked in the 1920s, a decade in which he won three Pulitzer prizes. This poet of \"How AnnandaleWent Out\" wrote about a drinker who \"mourned Romance, now on the town, and Art, a vagrant.\" He alsowrote about a \"gentleman from sole to crown\" who, \"one calm summer night, went home and put a bulletthrough his head.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"Mr. Flood's Party\" and \"Richard Cory.\" ", "answer": "Edwin Arlington Robinson", "page": "Edwin_Arlington_Robinson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122593, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131108, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 132], [132, 133], [134, 311], [311, 403], [404, 522], [523, 648], [649, 730]], "first_sentence": "In a sonnet by this author, a physician recalls how he used \"a slight kind of engine\" and asks, \"You wouldn'thang me?", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "While living in Parma, this artist painted a red-headed woman with her hand on the shoulder of a womanwearing a gold head scarf in Two Women Throwing Flowers During Carnival. A lost mural painted by this artist forthe World's Columbian Exhibition depicted Women Plucking the Fruits of Knowledge. This artist's mother readsthe newspaper Le Figaro in a portrait. This artist painted Mary Ellison in Woman with a Fan. A woman in a pink,white, and green-striped shirt dips a child's foot in a bowl in a painting by this artist, who depicted a woman ina gold dress with a sunflower on her chest holding a child who looks at herself with a mirror. For 10 points,name this American Impressionist painter of The Bath and Mother and Child. ", "answer": "Mary Cassatt [or Mary Stevenson Cassatt] ", "page": "Mary_Cassatt", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122592, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131109, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 295], [296, 360], [361, 414], [415, 641], [642, 730]], "first_sentence": "While living in Parma, this artist painted a red-headed woman with her hand on the shoulder of a womanwearing a gold head scarf in Two Women Throwing Flowers During Carnival.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this city, a man told musician Ben Branch to play the song \"Take My Hand, Precious Lord\" shortly beforegoing outside for a cigarette. In a speech here, a man admitted \"I would like to live a long life\u00c2\u2014longevity hasits place.\" At a Mason Temple in this city, a man announced \"I'm not fearing any man\u00c2\u2014my eyes have seen theglory of the coming of the Lord!\" Andrew Young and Jesse Jackson are photographed pointing while on a hotelbalcony in this city. While here to support striking sanitation workers, a man gave the \"I've Been to theMountaintop\" speech. A man was killed at the Lorraine Motel in 1968 in this city by James Earl Ray. For 10points, name this Tennessee city where Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated. ", "answer": "Memphis ", "page": "Memphis,_Tennessee", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122591, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131110, "tokenizations": [[0, 63], [63, 136], [137, 229], [230, 358], [359, 453], [454, 557], [558, 636], [637, 722]], "first_sentence": "In this city, a man told musician Ben Branch to play the song \"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This organization fought with troops called \"Ruff Puffs\" as well as the FULRO, which was made up ofmembers of the Montagnard tribe. This group was targeted by Rome Plows in an area where it set up manypengi sticks, called the Iron Triangle. Agroville communities were built to oppose this group as part of a planreplaced by the Strategic Hamlet Program. An alleged stronghold of this group was codenamed Pinkville.Troops called \"tunnel rats\" explored this group's underground networks. This group was the target ofOperation Ranch Hand, which used Agent Orange against it. and it also fought William Westmoreland'stroops in the Tet Offensive. For 10 points, name this group which waged guerrilla warfare for North Vietnamduring the Vietnam War. ", "answer": "Viet Cong [or NLF; or National Liberation Front; prompt on related answers like \"PAVN,\" \"People's Army of Vietnam,\" \"North Vietnamese Army,\" or \"Viet Minh\"] ", "page": "Viet_Cong", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122590, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131111, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 240], [241, 353], [354, 414], [414, 485], [486, 571], [572, 641], [642, 743]], "first_sentence": "This organization fought with troops called \"Ruff Puffs\" as well as the FULRO, which was made up ofmembers of the Montagnard tribe.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This place houses a garden whose two guardians fail to realize that a swarm of ants are stealing away fourbowls' worth of flowers. Residents of this place have their names revealed when a mosquito stings each ofthem one by one. This locale is home to a pitch-black chamber in which visitors must stay the night withouttheir torch or cigars burning out. A visitor to this location uses a squash as a replacement for his head after heis decapitated by a screeching bat. This place contains several traps such as Razor House, Jaguar House, andBat House. One Death and Seven Death are two of the lords of this realm that are defeated in a ball game bythe Hero Twins, Hunahpu and Xbalanque (shuh-buh-LAWN-kay). For 10 points, name this Mayanunderworld.", "answer": "Xibalba [prompt on Mayan underworld before \"Mayan underworld\" is read; prompt on underworld before \"underworld\" is read] ", "page": "Xibalba", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122589, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131112, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 227], [228, 352], [353, 467], [468, 550], [551, 684], [685, 705], [706, 747]], "first_sentence": "This place houses a garden whose two guardians fail to realize that a swarm of ants are stealing away fourbowls' worth of flowers.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "While consulting a plywood manufacturer, a mathematician from this country developed a method offinding \"objectively determined valuations\" or \"shadow prices\" for goods through linear programming. In thearticle \"Plans, Profits, and Bonuses,\" an economist here argued for using profit rather than output as anindicator of economic success. Paul Samuelson's Economics textbook contained predictions of when thiscountry's GNP would surpass that of the United States that kept being pushed back in later editions. JosephSchumpeter named 50 year-long economic growth waves after a man from here who supported a policyallowing small private enterprises during the 1920s. Gosplan was in charge of setting production quotas in thiscountry, and its more long-term economic policies were laid out in Five-Year Plans. For 10 points, name thisformer Communist country. ", "answer": " Soviet Union [or USSR; or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics] ", "page": "Soviet_Union", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122587, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131114, "tokenizations": [[0, 196], [197, 338], [339, 509], [510, 664], [665, 806], [807, 856]], "first_sentence": "While consulting a plywood manufacturer, a mathematician from this country developed a method offinding \"objectively determined valuations\" or \"shadow prices\" for goods through linear programming.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This statement's demonstration of the existence of a Hamel basis allows for non-linear solutions toCauchy's functional equation. This statement is equivalent to Tychonoff's theorem, the fact that the product ofany number of compact spaces is compact, or to the fact that any vector space has a basis. In graph theory, thisfact allows for the finding of a spanning tree in any connected graph. It means that, given a partially orderedset where every chain has an upper bound, there is a maximal element, a statement known as Zorn's lemma.It's often combined with the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory axioms to create ZFC. For 10 points, identify thisaxiom which, informally, says that one can select from a given collection of objects. ", "answer": "axiom of choice [accept anything mentioned in the question before it is mentioned, since they are all equivalent] ", "page": "Axiom_of_choice", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122586, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131115, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 300], [301, 392], [393, 537], [537, 615], [616, 729]], "first_sentence": "This statement's demonstration of the existence of a Hamel basis allows for non-linear solutions toCauchy's functional equation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During debates, Congressman William Barksdale once drew a knife on this politician. Abraham Lincolnonce told this man the country was trying to catch a \"pretty big hog.\" He reportedly sneered \"the country isgoing to the devil\" after Senator Edmund Ross broke with his party during a crucial vote. This man insisted \"ifyou don't kill the beast, it will kill you\" after Edwin Stanton was removed. The New York Herald claimed thisclubfooted man had a \"face of corpselike color\" during the impeachment of his nemesis, Andrew Johnson. For10 points, name this Pennsylvania Congressman who was one of the main Radical Republican leaders duringReconstruction. ", "answer": "Thaddeus Stevens =", "page": "Thaddeus_Stevens", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122585, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131116, "tokenizations": [[0, 83], [84, 169], [170, 296], [297, 394], [395, 529], [530, 651]], "first_sentence": "During debates, Congressman William Barksdale once drew a knife on this politician.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Dwight Waldo criticized this man's reliance on Rudolf Carnap's logical positivism in a protracted debate inthe American Political Science Review. He developed a theorem on the existence of solutions to input-outputmatrices along with David Hawkins. With Allen Newell, this man won the Turing Prize for creating the LogicTheorist, potentially the first program of artificial intelligence. This author's major work proposes a \"hierarchyof judgments\" in which \"value judgments\" are above \"factual judgments,\" and rejects the idea of an \"economicman.\" In that book, Administrative Behavior, this man argued that when an optimal solution cannot bedetermined, decision-makers instead seek out the first solution that meets most needs at hand. For 10 points,name this polymath from Carnegie Mellon who theorized \"bounded rationality\" and \"satisficing.\" ", "answer": "Herbert Simon ", "page": "Herbert_A._Simon", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122584, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131117, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 248], [249, 387], [388, 546], [546, 547], [548, 736], [737, 845]], "first_sentence": "Dwight Waldo criticized this man's reliance on Rudolf Carnap's logical positivism in a protracted debate inthe American Political Science Review.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The opening movement of this piece begins with the quarter notes \"G, F, B-flat,\" then the rising eighthnotes \"C, F,\" then a quarter note \"D.\" In a movement of this piece, a quivering theme depicting the destituteman Schmu\u00c3\u00bfle follows a Jewish theme that depicts Samuel Goldenberg. A section to be played \"with the deadin a dead language\" ends this piece's \"Catacombs\" movement, which follows a portrayal of French womenarguing at \"The Market at Limoges.\" This piece closes with depictions of \"The Hut on Fowl's Legs\" and \"TheGreat Gate of Kiev,\" and contains multiple \"Promenade\" movements that depict the composer walkingbetween museum displays. For 10 points, name this suite by Modest Mussorgsky. ", "answer": "Pictures at an Exhibition [or Kartinki s vystavki] ", "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122583, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131118, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 280], [281, 453], [453, 646], [647, 699]], "first_sentence": "The opening movement of this piece begins with the quarter notes \"G, F, B-flat,\" then the rising eighthnotes \"C, F,\" then a quarter note \"D.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 2011 Criterion Collection special release of this film bundled it with the thematically-similar King, Queen,Joker, which stars its lead actor's brother. A character in this film shaves a man to the tune of Brahms'sHungarian Dance No. 5. The prelude to Lohengrin is played over both this film's closing speech and a scene inwhich the title character tosses around an inflatable globe. This film's closing speech addresses soldiers whoare controlled by \"machine men with machine minds and machine hearts,\" and is given by a Jewish barberwho looks identical to the title character. For 10 points, name this film in which Charlie Chaplin plays AdenoidHynkel, a parody of Adolf Hitler. ", "answer": "The Great Dictator ", "page": "The_Great_Dictator", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122582, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131119, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 238], [239, 385], [386, 580], [581, 682]], "first_sentence": "A 2011 Criterion Collection special release of this film bundled it with the thematically-similar King, Queen,Joker, which stars its lead actor's brother.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After this emperor appointed his former tutor as the \"Prince-Pope\" of a group of his drinking buddies, hedecided to have his \"Drunken Synod\" parody the sviatki folk custom. This emperor allowed the black generalAbram Gannibal, the grandfather of a famous poet, to rise to a position of power in his court. During a powerstruggle between the Naryshkin and Miloslavsky families, this ruler's sister Sophia encouraged a rebellion ofthe musket-wielding streltsy regiments. This ruler learned shipbuilding in the Netherlands as part of his\"Grand Embassy,\" and he attempted to westernize his country by making the boyars shave their beards. For 10points, name this modernizing tsar of Russia who won the Great Northern War. ", "answer": "Peter the Great [or Peter I; or Pyotr the Great; or Pyotr I; prompt on Peter or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov] ", "page": "Peter_the_Great", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122581, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131120, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 305], [306, 468], [469, 634], [635, 717]], "first_sentence": "After this emperor appointed his former tutor as the \"Prince-Pope\" of a group of his drinking buddies, hedecided to have his \"Drunken Synod\" parody the sviatki folk custom.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a novel by this man, the phrase \"Tekeli-li\" is cried by natives of an island off the coast of Antarctica, whogleefully set fire to the Jane Guy. In that novel by this man, the half-Indian Dirk Peters launches a rebellionwith Augustus and the title character on the Grampus. In a story by this author, the title creature's imageappears on a wall with a hangman's noose around its head. At the end of that story of his, the police are alertedto the location of the narrator's wife's corpse by the cries of Pluto. General Lasalle rescues the narrator fromthe Spanish Inquisition in another of his stories. For 10 points, name this author of The Narrative of ArthurGordon Pym who also wrote \"The Black Cat\" and \"The Pit and the Pendulum.\" ", "answer": "Edgar Allan Poe", "page": "Edgar_Allan_Poe", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122580, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131121, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 276], [277, 387], [388, 513], [514, 605], [606, 737]], "first_sentence": "In a novel by this man, the phrase \"Tekeli-li\" is cried by natives of an island off the coast of Antarctica, whogleefully set fire to the Jane Guy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Scientists observing this region once thought an odd green emission line from it was due to a new elementcalled \"newtonium\", but later discovered it was due to highly ionized iron\u00c2\u2014Fe thirteen plus. Phenomenaobserved in this region include polar plumes and helmet streamers. Alfven waves have been proposed as anenergy source for this region, and the magnetic reconnection theory makes use of spicules that extend into it.X-ray telescopes first discovered its namesake holes, which are the origins of solar wind. Huge amounts ofplasma can be released in its \"mass ejections.\" Scientists are still confused as to why this region is so muchhotter than the Sun's surface. For 10 points, name this outermost layer of the Sun that's usually only visibleduring a solar eclipse. ", "answer": "corona [prompt on the Sun's atmosphere] ", "page": "Corona", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122579, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131122, "tokenizations": [[0, 198], [199, 274], [275, 422], [422, 512], [513, 574], [574, 668], [669, 771]], "first_sentence": "Scientists observing this region once thought an odd green emission line from it was due to a new elementcalled \"newtonium\", but later discovered it was due to highly ionized iron\u00c2\u2014Fe thirteen plus.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The penultimate chapter of this novel is a police report which describes how two men call each other nameslike \"Teresa\" and \"Perla.\" In a section of this novel set in Paris, a man with a clubfoot runs over a chorus girlwith his car. The lengthy footnotes of this novel describe the theories of psychologists like D. J. West, Lang,and Freud. This novel ends with the protagonist being tortured and having a morphine-induced dream inwhich he lands on a tropical island and meets his lover Marta. Stories told in this novel include one set on azombie-infested island and one featuring a woman who can turn into a \"cat person.\" For 10 points, name thisnovel in which the homosexual Molina relates the plots of movies to his cellmate Valentine, a work of ManuelPuig. ", "answer": "he Kiss of the Spider Woman [or El beso de la mujer arana] ", "page": "Kiss_of_the_Spider_Woman_(film)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122578, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131123, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 232], [233, 340], [341, 493], [494, 623], [624, 761]], "first_sentence": "The penultimate chapter of this novel is a police report which describes how two men call each other nameslike \"Teresa\" and \"Perla.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This book credits a Prince Lichnowsky with coining the phrase \"hasn't go no date\" to describe historicalexistence transcending specific circumstances. A section of this book that argues against Nassau Senior'sconception of the crucial \"last hour\" says that all goods, and not just those produced at the point ofprofitability, contain \"c,\" \"v,\" and \"s\" values. This book introduces the \"MCM\" and \"CMC\" paradigms for the flowof money into commodities, and it claims that the \"use-value\" of every good is objective and inherent. Thisbook's labor theory of value blames a class of \"accumulators\" for creating a class of wage-dependents. For 10points, name this book which was redacted by Friedrich Engels following the death of its primary author, KarlMarx. ", "answer": "Capital [or Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen \u00c3\u2013konomie; or Capital: A Critique of Political Economy]", "page": "Capital_(economics)", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122577, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131124, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 359], [360, 525], [526, 632], [633, 753]], "first_sentence": "This book credits a Prince Lichnowsky with coining the phrase \"hasn't go no date\" to describe historicalexistence transcending specific circumstances.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Goursat's theorem makes it easy to check differentiability of a function over this set. If a function over thisset is bounded and entire, then it is constant by Liouville's theorem. Fractional linear transformations namedfor Mobius take this set to itself. Extending this set by adjoining a point at infinity in this set allows for it to bemapped to a sphere via stereographic projection. Differentiable functions from this set to itself satisfy theCauchy-Riemann equations and are referred to as holomorphic. This field is the algebraic closure of the realnumbers, and numbers of this type can be written in the form r times e to the i times theta. For 10 points,name this set of numbers which can be written in the form a + bi. ", "answer": "complex numbers", "page": "Complex_number", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122576, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131125, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 181], [182, 256], [257, 388], [389, 509], [510, 649], [650, 729]], "first_sentence": "Goursat's theorem makes it easy to check differentiability of a function over this set.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this period, Ishida Baigan's religion of \"Heart Learning\" was among the various movements tolegitimize business. During this period, nobles were forced to leave their families in the imperial capital ashostages when they were at their castles in the sankin-kotai, or alternate attendance, policy. In the later part ofthis period, known as the Bakumatsu, the Convention of Kanagawa was signed, signaling the reversal of thisperiod's sakoku isolationist policy. The founder of this government defeated an alliance led by Ishida Mitsunariat the Battle of Sekigahara, and this shogunate was ended by the restoration to power of the Meiji Emperor.For 10 points, name this last shogunate of Japan that was founded by Ieyasu. ", "answer": "Tokugawa Shogunate [or Tokugawa bakufu; or Edo bakufu]", "page": "Tokugawa_shogunate", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122575, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131126, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 299], [300, 462], [463, 645], [645, 721]], "first_sentence": "In this period, Ishida Baigan's religion of \"Heart Learning\" was among the various movements tolegitimize business.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The AK-47 was first used on a wide scale during this event. During this event, the Dudas Group attackedmembers of the AVH Secret Police. Its leader was deported to Romania after leaving the Yugoslavian embassydespite a promise of safe conduct. Tensions resulting from this event spilled over into an a Olympic water polomatch that became known as the \"Blood in the Water Match.\" It was inspired in part by the Secret Speech ofNikita Khrushchev, and following it, premier Janos Kadar instituted the system of \"goulash communism.\" For10 points, name this 1956 revolution in which Imre Nagy's attempt to withdraw a Central European countryfrom the Warsaw Pact was quelled by a Soviet invasion. ", "answer": "Hungarian Revolution of 1956 [or anything indicating an uprising in Hungary in 1956] ", "page": "Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122574, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131127, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 243], [244, 377], [377, 528], [529, 690]], "first_sentence": "The AK-47 was first used on a wide scale during this event. During this event, the Dudas Group attackedmembers of the AVH Secret Police.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man is baffled when he observes a mysterious figure that \"looks like a son of the gods\" walking amongsta group of prisoners. This man is described as \"drenched with the dew of heaven\" and eating \"grass like an ox\"after he is punished with seven years of madness, as prophesied by a dream in which a bountiful tree isordered to be chopped down. This man has a dream in which a statue is made of various precious metals buthas feet made of iron and clay. Three servants of this ruler are re-named Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednegoand ordered to be thrown into a fiery furnace. Daniel interprets the dreams of this emperor, who orders thedestruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem. For 10 points, name this emperor who initiates the BabylonianCaptivity. ", "answer": "Nebuchadnezzar II", "page": "Nebuchadnezzar_II", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122573, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131128, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 348], [349, 457], [458, 577], [578, 683], [684, 755]], "first_sentence": "This man is baffled when he observes a mysterious figure that \"looks like a son of the gods\" walking amongsta group of prisoners.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Suppressor-of-White-APricot domain regulates this process. Prp24 helps form a duplex during thisprocess, which is promoted by serine/arginine-rich SR proteins binding to ESEs. Parts for this process arestored in namesake speckles. This process starts with an attack on a namesake donor site by the branchpoint,which then attacks the 3-prime acceptor site adjacent to a polypyrimidine tract in a second transesterification.Its \"alternative\" type produces protein isoforms. U4, U5, and U6 snRNAs form a triple-snurp complex during it.The reading frame can be restored in this process by skipping over exons. For 10 points, name this process inwhich introns are excised from pre-mRNA.", "answer": "RNA splicing [or splice; or alternative splicing; prompt on pre-messenger RNA processing and spliceosome formation] ", "page": "RNA_splicing", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122572, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131129, "tokenizations": [[0, 62], [63, 179], [180, 234], [235, 426], [426, 475], [476, 490], [491, 536], [536, 609], [610, 685]], "first_sentence": "The Suppressor-of-White-APricot domain regulates this process.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This hero strikes the ground with an arrow to bring forth water for a dying enemy, whom this hero hadpreviously struck with so many arrows that his fallen body appears to be resting on a bed of arrows. This manwins a battle against a warrior whose chariot becomes stuck in some mud. This slayer of Bhishma and rival ofKarna wins the hand of his wife after he shoots the eye of a golden fish while staring only at its reflection in abowl of oil. This hero is reluctant to fight Duryodhana in the Kurukshetra War until his companion declares\"Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds.\" For 10 points, name this Pandava prince whose charioteerKrishna delivers the Bhagavad Gita in the Mahabharata. ", "answer": "Arjuna [or Arjun] ", "page": "Arjuna", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122571, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131130, "tokenizations": [[0, 201], [202, 282], [283, 444], [445, 530], [531, 587], [587, 699]], "first_sentence": "This hero strikes the ground with an arrow to bring forth water for a dying enemy, whom this hero hadpreviously struck with so many arrows that his fallen body appears to be resting on a bed of arrows.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A painting identified at the Prado in 2010 as being by this artist features a saint dividing his cloak on theright. Another of this artist's four surviving paintings in distemper includes a man who has just fallen on hisback in a ditch at the head of a diagonally-oriented procession connected by their staffs. He also depicted thatparable from Matthew at the background of a canvas in which a woman puts a blue cloak on her husband,indicating that he is a cuckold, one of many illustrations of idioms. In another of his paintings, a farmer,shepherd, and angler fail to notice a boy dangling his legs, about to drown. For 10 points, name this Flemishartist of Netherlandish Proverbs and Landscape with the Fall of Icarus.", "answer": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder [or Peasant Bruegel] ", "page": "Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122569, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131132, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 310], [311, 502], [503, 617], [618, 721]], "first_sentence": "A painting identified at the Prado in 2010 as being by this artist features a saint dividing his cloak on theright.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a story by this author, a woman begins a relationship with her stepson after breastfeeding him, buteventually dies of shock when a centipede bites her. A novel by this author ends with the protagonistcontemplating one of his father-in-law's puppets while awaiting the return of his estranged wife. In a novel bythis author, a firefly hunt is contrasted with a family's annual cherry blossom-viewing trips. A novel by thisauthor follows an engineer who molds the title teen waitress into a \"modern girl.\" In one of his novels, thebeauty parlor owner Itani suggests various marriage prospects for one of the title characters, Yukiko. For 10points, name this Japanese author of Naomi, Some Prefer Nettles, and The Makioka Sisters. ", "answer": " Jun'ichiro Tanizaki [or Tanizaki Jun'ichiro]", "page": "Jun'ichir\u014d_Tanizaki", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122568, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131133, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 300], [301, 408], [409, 505], [505, 506], [507, 634], [635, 730]], "first_sentence": "In a story by this author, a woman begins a relationship with her stepson after breastfeeding him, buteventually dies of shock when a centipede bites her.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the first scene of this play, a woman inquires of a messenger, \"how many hath he killed? for indeed Ipromised to eat all of his killing.\" A man in this play regrets that his friend would now rather hear \"the tabourand the pipe\" than \"the drum and the fife.\" In a climactic confrontation in this play, a man exclaims, \"Is this theprince? Is this the prince's brother?...Are our eyes our own?\" Women are told to convert all their \"sounds of woeinto hey nonny nonny\" in a song in this play urging them to \"sigh no more.\" In this play, Borachio andMargaret become part of a scheme by Don John that leads to the faked death of Hero, who is in love withClaudio. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare play featuring a \"merry war\" between Beatrice and Benedick. ", "answer": "Much Ado About Nothing", "page": "Much_Ado_About_Nothing", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122567, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131134, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 140], [141, 259], [259, 339], [340, 372], [372, 393], [393, 520], [521, 658], [659, 755]], "first_sentence": "In the first scene of this play, a woman inquires of a messenger, \"how many hath he killed?", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The change in this quantity multiplies i in the exponential of the integral giving the atomic form factor.Einstein suggested that the change in this quantity for the far screen would determine which slit a photonpasses through. The \"transfer\" of this quantity, symbolized q, is a common term in scattering experiments.This quantity, divided by h-bar, gives the wavevector. The commutator of this quantity with x is i times h-bar.The energy of a photon equals the speed of light times this quantity. The Hamiltonian of a particle in a box isthe square of its operator, over twice the mass. The de Broglie wavelength is Planck's constant over thisquantity. For 10 points, name this quantity which, classically, equals mass times velocity. ", "answer": "linear momentum", "page": "Momentum", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122566, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131135, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [106, 227], [228, 318], [318, 372], [373, 429], [429, 498], [499, 588], [589, 654], [655, 736]], "first_sentence": "The change in this quantity multiplies i in the exponential of the integral giving the atomic form factor.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Aldosterone-sensitive HSD2 neurons are located in the solitary nucleus within this structure, which has a pair of swellings known as olivary bodies. Adolf Wallenberg names a syndrome characterized by frequent, violent hiccups which results from lateral damage to this structure. This region is home to paired white matter structures which decussate, known as the pyramids. The central chemoreceptors of this structure detect (*) pH changes caused by altered O2 or CO2 concentration. The area postrema within this structure controls vomiting. This structure is situated between the pons and the spinal cord. For 10 points, name this part of the brain stem that controls involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate.", "answer": "medulla oblongata [or word forms, such as medullary; prompt on brain stem until it is mentioned]", "page": "Medulla_oblongata", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122565, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131136, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 278], [279, 372], [373, 482], [483, 541], [542, 606], [607, 721]], "first_sentence": "Aldosterone-sensitive HSD2 neurons are located in the solitary nucleus within this structure, which has a pair of swellings known as olivary bodies.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man harshly attacked the doctrine of \"probabilism\" in the first of a set of eighteen writings forwhich he used the pseudonym Louis de Montalte. This man sewed a page of writing into his coat toremember his \"night of fire,\" a transformative mystical experience. This man jumped into the formularycontroversy by defending Antoine Arnauld and the Port Royal abbey, whose religious views were underthreat. He argued in posthumously-published writings that the prospect of eternal (*) damnation is so badthat it's safer to receive the sacraments even if one is skeptical. For 10 points, name this author of the pro-JansensistProvincial Letters, a French philosopher and mathematician whose Pensees (pahn-SAYz) include a namesaketheological \"wager.\"", "answer": "Blaise Pascal", "page": "Blaise_Pascal", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122561, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131140, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 265], [266, 406], [407, 571], [572, 748]], "first_sentence": "This man harshly attacked the doctrine of \"probabilism\" in the first of a set of eighteen writings forwhich he used the pseudonym Louis de Montalte.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man speculates that he will soon attend a girl's wedding shortly before the girl remarks that men are\"all palaver and what they can get out of you.\" This character tells the story of Johnny, a horse who wasfascinated with a statue of King Billy. Toward the end of the story he appears in, this character feels hisidentity \"fading out into a grey impalpable world.\" He is teased for his dedication to galoshes at a party hostedby Kate and Julia Morkan right before Epiphany. This character feels a \"vague terror\" seize him after his wifesays, \"I think he died for me,\" in reference to a boy in the gasworks who fell in love with her named MichaelFurey. For 10 points, name this husband of Gretta and protagonist of James Joyce's story \"The Dead.\"", "answer": "Gabriel Conroy [or Gabriel Conroy] ", "page": "The_Dead_(short_story)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122551, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131150, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [152, 153], [154, 250], [251, 369], [370, 478], [479, 656], [657, 750]], "first_sentence": "This man speculates that he will soon attend a girl's wedding shortly before the girl remarks that men are\"all palaver and what they can get out of you.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Jozef Bem led a unit of exiled soldiers from this country who used the unofficial slogan \"For our freedomand yours\" while fighting in the Spring of Nations. A king of this country attempted to reform the power of thenobility by writing the 3rd of May Constitution, which was opposed by nobles in the Targowica Confederation.Any member of this country's parliament was allowed to nullify legislation by using the liberum veto, one of its\"Golden Freedoms.\" This country joined with an eastern neighbor in the Union of Lublin, and its parliamentwas known as the sejm (\"same\"). For 10 points, name this country that was joined in a commonwealth withLithuania. ", "answer": "Poland [or Republic of Poland; or Rzeczpospolita Polska; or the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until \"Lithuania\" is read] ", "page": "Poland", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122550, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131151, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 324], [324, 453], [453, 454], [455, 573], [574, 655]], "first_sentence": "Jozef Bem led a unit of exiled soldiers from this country who used the unofficial slogan \"For our freedomand yours\" while fighting in the Spring of Nations.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A work inspired by the philosophy of this non-Roman thinker is the principal subject of StephenGreenblatt's book The Swerve. This philosopher suggested eating and drinking simple foods because peopleused to luxury are likely to lose their luxuries. This philosopher's view of nature was mostly derived fromDemocritus of Abdera, though he believed some occurrences were under human control. This author of a Letterto Menoeceus is often considered the first person to state the problem of evil, which is his namesake paradox.This man's philosophy inspired Lucretius's De rerum natura. His guiding principles were ataraxia and aponia,or freedom from fear and the absence of pain. For 10 points, name this Greek philosopher whose standard ofjudgement was pleasure. ", "answer": "Epicurus ", "page": "Epicurus", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122549, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131152, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 248], [249, 389], [390, 523], [523, 582], [583, 676], [677, 760]], "first_sentence": "A work inspired by the philosophy of this non-Roman thinker is the principal subject of StephenGreenblatt's book The Swerve.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man once declared that \"I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp ofexperience.\" After witnessing the condition of the Eastern State Hospital, this leader decided instead toconvert part of the Scotchtown plantation for the care of his mentally ill wife. In his early career, this speakeropposed James Maury in a legal case concerning debts paid with tobacco; that case was called the \"Parson'sCause.\" This Anti-Federalist refused to attend the Constitutional Convention because he smelled \"a rat inPhiladelphia.\" After an inflammatory speech, he allegedly said, \"If this be treason, make the most of it!\" For 10points, name this politician from Virginia who delivered an address that concluded with the phrase \"Give meliberty or give me death!\"", "answer": "Patrick Henry ", "page": "Patrick_Henry", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122547, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131154, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 286], [287, 433], [434, 545], [546, 637], [638, 777]], "first_sentence": "This man once declared that \"I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp ofexperience.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a Franz Grillparzer play, this person orders the trusty servant Rhamnes to send away the slave Melitta.In a poem by this writer, the speaker is so enamored with a boy that she declares, \"Mother dear, I can't finishmy weaving.\" In a story named for a line by this author, a soldier gets time off to attend his brother's weddingto Muriel. This poet boasted, \"Although they are only breath, words which I command are immortal.\" Thespeaker of a poem by this writer says, \"I drip with sweat, trembling shakes my body,\" after seeing a man who is\"a god in my eyes.\" This poet addressed a \"Lady of beauty\" in the only complete surviving work by her, \"Hymnto Aphrodite.\" For 10 points, name this Greek poet from Lesbos. ", "answer": "Sappho ", "page": "Sappho", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122546, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131155, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [106, 229], [230, 339], [340, 427], [428, 561], [562, 663], [663, 713]], "first_sentence": "In a Franz Grillparzer play, this person orders the trusty servant Rhamnes to send away the slave Melitta.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A 1967 Herbert Gans book used participant observation to study the \"ways of life and politics\" in one ofthese places. Kenneth Jackson studied the role of the HOLC in the history of these places in his book CrabgrassFrontier. Ta-Nehisi Coates's \"The Case for Reparations\" describes how these areas received \"green lines\" forinvestment while others were \"redlined.\" The poorly managed expansion of these communities, with negativeenvironmental consequences, is called \"sprawl.\" Four early examples of these communities were built forreturning World War II veterans by William Levitt. For 10 points, name these well-to-do areas where peoplereside just outside of cities. ", "answer": " suburbs [or suburbia; or Levittowns until \"Crabgrass\" is read; prompt on urban areas; prompt on cities] ", "page": "Suburb", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122545, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131156, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 224], [225, 363], [364, 474], [474, 475], [476, 581], [582, 667]], "first_sentence": "A 1967 Herbert Gans book used participant observation to study the \"ways of life and politics\" in one ofthese places.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This kingdom worshiped at a temple built atop the Chamundi Hills. The Lalitha Palace built in the capital ofthis kingdom is now a five-star hotel. This kingdom's rule was dominated by the Wadiyar dynasty. Eyre Cootedied while fighting against this kingdom in a war that was ended by the Treaty of Mangalore. This kingdom'slast sultan successfully used rockets with attached blades in the Battle of Pollilur but died in 1799 whiledefending Seringapatam. This kingdom was centered on what is now Karnataka. This kingdom became aprincely state after the death of its ruler Tipu Sultan, who succeeded his father, Hyder Ali. For 10 points, namethis kingdom in southern India that fought four wars with England. ", "answer": "Mysore", "page": "Mysore", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122544, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131157, "tokenizations": [[0, 65], [66, 105], [106, 146], [147, 204], [205, 307], [308, 452], [453, 504], [505, 619], [620, 705]], "first_sentence": "This kingdom worshiped at a temple built atop the Chamundi Hills.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Empirically, constants in this equation are related to the reduced temperature raised to the negative 1.6 andnegative 4.2 powers. In this equation, a certain parameter times P over RT is equal to the residual Gibbs energyand, therefore, the logarithm of the fugacity coefficient. The constants in this equation get a prime whenthey're expressed using pressures. The Boyle temperature can be derived when it is truncated to one term.Kamerlingh Onnes proposed this equation and showed that after the first two terms, its coefficients areindependent of temperature. It gives the compressibility factor as one plus a power series of volume. For 10points, name this infinite-series equation of state contrasted with cubic equations of state. ", "answer": " virial equation of state", "page": "Virial_expansion", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122543, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131158, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 279], [280, 361], [362, 432], [432, 562], [563, 636], [637, 736]], "first_sentence": "Empirically, constants in this equation are related to the reduced temperature raised to the negative 1.6 andnegative 4.2 powers.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "While visiting this city, Rowland Mallet nearly falls to his death to pick a flower for the title sculptor'sfiancee in the novel Roderick Hudson. This city, where Karen Stone engages in a love affair in a TennesseeWilliams novel, is the setting for a story whose final line of dialogue, \"I had Barbara,\" implies that Mrs. Ansleyhad sex with Delphin Slade. At the end of The Portrait of a Lady, Isabel Archer returns to this city, where shelived with Gilbert Osmond. Edith Wharton titled a story for this city's \"fever,\" an archaic euphemism formalaria. In this city, a young expatriate visiting from Geneva named Winterbourne becomes fascinated by theflirtatious title girl of a Henry James novella. For 10 points, name this amorous Italian city in which DaisyMiller visits the Colosseum. ", "answer": "Rome ", "page": "Rome", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122542, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131159, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 355], [356, 465], [466, 552], [553, 699], [700, 788]], "first_sentence": "While visiting this city, Rowland Mallet nearly falls to his death to pick a flower for the title sculptor'sfiancee in the novel Roderick Hudson.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Two historic neighborhoods in this city are linked by the \"neck-breaking steps.\" A natural feature on theborder of this city's northeastern borough of Beauport is one-and-a-half times taller than Niagara Falls. Thiscity is connected to its largest suburb of Levis by the Pierre Laporte Bridge. Its Dufferin Terrace overlooksLower Town from near a patina-roofed luxury hotel designed by Bruce Price. Parliament Hill is found west ofUpper Town in this home of Montmorency Falls and the Chateau Frontenac, whose Cap-Diamant is home tothe only remaining fortified city walls north of Mexico. General James Wolfe was killed at the Plains ofAbraham within this city. For 10 points, name this Francophone provincial capital. ", "answer": "Quebec City, Quebec ", "page": "Quebec_City", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122541, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131160, "tokenizations": [[0, 79], [79, 210], [211, 293], [294, 398], [399, 587], [588, 660], [661, 717]], "first_sentence": "Two historic neighborhoods in this city are linked by the \"neck-breaking steps.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one of this composer's string quartets, the third movement is a short eleven-bar recitative thatmodulates from B minor to E major as an introduction to the lengthy fourth movement, a set of variations in Amajor and 2/4 time. That string quartet by this composer is in seven movements played attacca and written inC-sharp minor. The finale of this composer's last symphony begins with low string recitatives that alternatewith quotations of themes from the previous three movements and includes both a Turkish march in 6/8 timeand a choral setting of a poem about a \"spark of divinity\" and a \"daughter of Elysium.\" For 10 points, name thiscomposer whose Ninth Symphony includes the \"Ode to Joy.\" ", "answer": "Ludwig van Beethoven ", "page": "Ludwig_van_Beethoven", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122540, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131161, "tokenizations": [[0, 227], [228, 330], [331, 616], [617, 697]], "first_sentence": "In one of this composer's string quartets, the third movement is a short eleven-bar recitative thatmodulates from B minor to E major as an introduction to the lengthy fourth movement, a set of variations in Amajor and 2/4 time.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem by this author includes questions like \"Will there be beds for me and all who seek?\" and \"Does theroad wind uphill all the way?\" In a poem by this author, the speaker's heart is compared to a \"singing bird,\" an\"apple tree,\" and a \"rainbow shell\" because \"my love has come to me.\" A poem by this author notes, \"One maylead a horse to water, twenty cannot make him drink,\" before describing a character being kicked and pinched.This author wrote, \"Better by far you should forget and smile,\" in the poem \"Remember.\" This poet includedthe moral \"there's no friend like a sister\" in a poem in which Lizzie begins to waste away after buying fruitfrom merchants crying \"come buy, come buy.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"Goblin Market.\" ", "answer": "Christina Rossetti [or Christina Georgina Rossetti; prompt on Rossetti] ", "page": "Christina_Rossetti", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122538, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131163, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 134], [134, 286], [287, 433], [433, 520], [521, 548], [549, 691], [692, 741]], "first_sentence": "A poem by this author includes questions like \"Will there be beds for me and all who seek?\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a parenthetical remark in this essay, the author insists, \"Never tell me, by the way, that the dead lookpeaceful.\" This essay opens with the author reminiscing about the only time he was important enough to behated by everyone. This essay's author admits that he is \"only an absurd puppet,\" though he seems like \"theleading actor,\" claiming that \"when the white man turns tyrant, it is his own freedom that he destroys.\" Thetitle event of this essay occurs after the \"mahout\" goes the wrong way to search for a creature that has \"gonemust.\" This essay's author performs that action in front of a crowd of villagers while serving as a British officerin Burma. For 10 points, name this George Orwell essay that describes the killing of a tusked animal. ", "answer": " \"Shooting an Elephant\"", "page": "Shooting_an_Elephant", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122537, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131164, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 230], [231, 423], [424, 542], [542, 543], [544, 661], [662, 753]], "first_sentence": "In a parenthetical remark in this essay, the author insists, \"Never tell me, by the way, that the dead lookpeaceful.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In response to a novel by the Marquis de Custine about traveling through his country, this ruler'sgovernment sponsored a scholarly investigation by August von Haxthausen. During his reign, this mancreated a secret police called the Special Corps of Gendarmes. This emperor's principle of \"Official Nationality\"was proclaimed by his Minister of Education, Sergei Uvarov. He appointed Alexander Benckendorff to lead theThird Section secret police. The Northern Society of Sergei Troubetzkoy attempted to replace this tsar with hisbrother Constantine in the Decembrist Revolt. For 10 points, name this tsar of Russia at the start of theCrimean War who succeeded Alexander I. ", "answer": "Nicholas I [or Nikolai I; or Nikolai Pavlovich Romanov; prompt on Nicholas; prompt on Nikolai] ", "page": "Nicholas_I_of_Russia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122536, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131165, "tokenizations": [[0, 170], [171, 259], [260, 369], [370, 445], [446, 573], [574, 671]], "first_sentence": "In response to a novel by the Marquis de Custine about traveling through his country, this ruler'sgovernment sponsored a scholarly investigation by August von Haxthausen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Sandwiching the metric between this operation and its transpose gives back the metric. The six parametersdescribing these operations combine with four translational parameters to form the Poincare group. Theseoperations do not change the invariant interval, which is often written as \"delta s-squared.\" If these operationsare purely spatial, they correspond to rotations, while those without rotations are called \"boosts.\" A onedimensionalone of them sets the new position equal to old position minus velocity times old time, all times itsnamesake's relativistic gamma factor. For 10 points, name these relativistic transformations that relatecoordinates in different inertial reference frames, named for a Dutch physicist. ", "answer": "Lorentz transformations", "page": "Lorentz_transformation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122535, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131166, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 203], [204, 301], [301, 422], [423, 576], [577, 723]], "first_sentence": "Sandwiching the metric between this operation and its transpose gives back the metric.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The delta form of this substance is bound to albumin. Diazosulfanilic acid reacts with this substance in thevan den Bergh reaction. Excess levels of a form of it may cross the blood-brain barrier and cause kernicterus.The star-28 allele of UGT1A1 can cause high levels of this compound to circulate in the blood in Gilbert'ssyndrome. The Z,Z form of this compound is converted into the more soluble E,Z-isomer during phototherapyon newborns. This open-chain tetrapyrrole is solubilized by glucuronyltransferase, and increased amounts ofit are released in hemolytic anemia. It is metabolized from a \"verdin\" precursor and broken down to thecompounds that give feces and urine their colors. For 10 points, name this product of heme catabolism that athigh levels causes jaundice. ", "answer": "bilirubin [prompt on hematoidin; prompt on bile pigments]", "page": "Bilirubin", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122534, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131167, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 218], [218, 333], [334, 441], [442, 572], [573, 688], [689, 776]], "first_sentence": "The delta form of this substance is bound to albumin. Diazosulfanilic acid reacts with this substance in thevan den Bergh reaction.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Three circular rooms, each with a rotating \"poster rack\" allowing visitors to see forty-two artworks two at atime, compose this architect's Tomb of Agamemnon\u00c2\u2013inspired Painting Gallery. This architect refused to revealthe secret inscription atop the \"staircase to nowhere\" that makes up his Monument to Lincoln Kirstein. Theopen pediment atop a skyscraper designed by this architect earned that structure the nickname \"ChippendaleBuilding.\" A brick cylinder conceals the bathroom in this architect's personal residence in New Canaan,Connecticut, the design of which drew from another architect's Farnsworth House. For 10 points, name thiscollaborator with Mies on the Seagram Building who is best known for designing the Glass House. ", "answer": "Philip Johnson [or Philip Cortelyou Johnson] ", "page": "Philip_Johnson", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122533, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131168, "tokenizations": [[0, 185], [186, 320], [321, 440], [441, 613], [614, 733]], "first_sentence": "Three circular rooms, each with a rotating \"poster rack\" allowing visitors to see forty-two artworks two at atime, compose this architect's Tomb of Agamemnon\u00c2\u2013inspired Painting Gallery.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Eva Moskowitz protested this man's policies by having children march with placards reading \"Let My Children Learn.\"He declined a March 2014 challenge from Liam Neeson to go on a horse stable tour. His wife, a former member of theCombahee River Collective, once wrote the Essence magazine article entitled \"I Am a Lesbian.\" Patrick Lynch claimed thispolitician threw Lynch and his colleagues \"under the bus.\" This man said he and his African American wife, ChirlaneMcCray, warned his son about being careful with the police, which led to numerous officers turning their backs to thispolitician following the December 2014 shootings of two cops. For 10 points, name this current Mayor of New York City. ", "answer": "Bill de Blasio [or Warren Wilhelm Jr.]", "page": "Bill_de_Blasio", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122532, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131169, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [92, 196], [197, 322], [323, 406], [406, 407], [408, 643], [644, 700]], "first_sentence": "Eva Moskowitz protested this man's policies by having children march with placards reading \"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "About 20 lines into this text, its narrator remembers declaiming shepherds such as himself as \"mere bellies\"who \"know how to speak many false things\" and recalls being given a laurel rod by all the Heliconian muses towhom it is dedicated. Nausithous and Nausinous are the final characters introduced in the 1,022 survivinglines of this text, which claims that Eros predated the darkness spirits Erebus and Nyx. One of the earliestsources to mention the hundred-handed Hecatonchires, this text claims that the arche, or first substance, ofthe universe was Chaos, which existed before the many Titans, gods, and beasts it lists later on. For 10 points,name this eighth-century BCE account of the origins and genealogy of the gods by Hesiod. ", "answer": "Theogony ", "page": "Theogony", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122531, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131170, "tokenizations": [[0, 238], [239, 410], [411, 635], [636, 738]], "first_sentence": "About 20 lines into this text, its narrator remembers declaiming shepherds such as himself as \"mere bellies\"who \"know how to speak many false things\" and recalls being given a laurel rod by all the Heliconian muses towhom it is dedicated.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A book by Hector Feliciano reignited investigations into these objects. The Wiesbaden manifesto was producedby a group concerned with these objects. Several of these objects were found in an apartment owned byCornelius Gurlitt in 2012. These objects were held at a facility named Jeu de Paume, which used to house tenniscourts. Salt mines, like the ones at Merkers and Altaussee, were often used to store these objects. A bombingraid destroyed one of these objects named The Stone-Breakers. These objects were tracked down by a groupknown as the \"Monuments Men.\" For 10 points, name these objects that were sometimes labeled as \"degenerate\"by the Nazis, who also looted hundreds of them. ", "answer": "paintings [or stolen artworks and other obvious equivalents; prompt on Nazi loot] ", "page": "Painting", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122530, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131171, "tokenizations": [[0, 71], [72, 148], [149, 235], [236, 327], [328, 419], [420, 490], [491, 561], [561, 687]], "first_sentence": "A book by Hector Feliciano reignited investigations into these objects.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A supporter of this non-African political cause organized the delivery of weapons aboard the cargo shipLibau, and was delivered in a submarine to Banna Strand. That supporter of this movement was slanderedthrough the publication of his Black Diaries during his imprisonment. During a violent incident in support ofthis movement, one of its supporters captured Boland's Mill and avoided execution due to his birth in NewYork City. Support for this ideology led to the deaths of men like Roger Casement and James Connolly, but notof \u00c3\u2030amon de Valera. Arthur Griffith led a political party dedicated to this cause whose name means \"we ourselves.\"For 10 points, name this political cause supported by Sinn F\u00c3\u00a9in (shin FAYN). ", "answer": "Irish republicanism [or Irish nationalism; or Irish independence from Great Britain; do not accept \"Irish home rule\"] ", "page": "Irish_republicanism", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122529, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131172, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 274], [275, 429], [430, 548], [549, 720]], "first_sentence": "A supporter of this non-African political cause organized the delivery of weapons aboard the cargo shipLibau, and was delivered in a submarine to Banna Strand.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The first movement of this composer's Symphony No. 5 quotes the \"Haba\u00c3\u00b1era\" from Carmen. He describedthe scherzo of one of his symphonies as a \"musical portrait of\" a certain historical leader, \"roughly speaking.\"His fifth symphony ends with a coda dominated by repeated shrill eighth note A's, which has been interpretedas either a genuine triumph or as forced rejoicing. This composer depicted himself in his Symphony No. 10with a recurring \"D, E-flat, C, B\" motif also found in his String Quartet No. 8. He billed his fifth symphony asan \"artist's response to justified criticism\" after he was censured for his opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District.For 10 points, name this composer whose fifteen symphonies include the Leningrad. ", "answer": " Dmitri Shostakovich [or Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich] ", "page": "Dmitri_Shostakovich", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122528, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131173, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 372], [373, 423], [424, 506], [507, 657], [657, 738]], "first_sentence": "The first movement of this composer's Symphony No. 5 quotes the \"Haba\u00c3\u00b1era\" from Carmen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character erroneously says \"Queen to bishop three\" when announcing a checkmate, which may be anintentional blooper. In another film, this character is instructed by Dr. Chandra and tells Heywood Floyd to\"look behind you.\" This character's first memory is meeting Dr. Langley in Urbana, Illinois in January 1992. Atone point, this character babbles \"My mind is going\" before singing the song \"Daisy.\" After reading lips, thischaracter deduces that Frank Poole and Dave Bowman are plotting something. This character, represented asa red television camera eye, controls the Discovery One. It tells Dave that it cannot open the pod bay doors. For10 points, name this sentient computer in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey. ", "answer": "HAL 9000 ", "page": "HAL_9000", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122527, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131174, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 225], [225, 316], [317, 404], [405, 503], [504, 590], [591, 643], [644, 703], [704, 720]], "first_sentence": "This character erroneously says \"Queen to bishop three\" when announcing a checkmate, which may be anintentional blooper.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "When this hero's favorite bull is taken away to give as the prize for a contest, this hero enters the contestand wins back the bull. During a duel, this man is grabbed by his helmet and dragged along the ground untilhe is suddenly whisked away to his bedchamber. Before this hero's birth, his mother dreams of giving birth toa flaming torch. Ares transforms into a bull and wins a bull-judging contest arbitrated by this man. This herodies when his lover Oenone refuses to heal him of the wound inflicted by Philoctetes's arrow. This man shootsan arrow that strikes Achilles in the heel and earlier awards a golden apple to Aphrodite. For 10 points, namethis brother of Hector, a prince of Troy whose kidnap of Helen sparks the Trojan War.", "answer": "Paris [or Alexander; or Alexandrus] ", "page": "Paris_(mythology)", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122526, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131175, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 262], [263, 341], [342, 425], [426, 528], [529, 634], [635, 739]], "first_sentence": "When this hero's favorite bull is taken away to give as the prize for a contest, this hero enters the contestand wins back the bull.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A variant of FRET couples this effect to absorption in quantum dot nanoparticles for high-sensitivity biologicalimaging. H.E.S.S., an array of telescopes in Namibia, uses this effect to detect gamma rays. A Heavisidefunction appears in the integral for the energy change per unit length from this phenomenon, which is proportionalto the charge squared. The cosine of the Mach cone angle produced by this effect equals one over theproduct of index of refraction and beta. Super-Kamiokande detects this effect from neutrinos colliding withelectrons in a tank of water. This phenomenon occurs if a charge particle is accelerated beyond the velocity oflight for a given medium. For 10 points, name this bluish glow seen near spent nuclear reactors. ", "answer": "Cherenkov radiation [or Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation]", "page": "Cherenkov_radiation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122525, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131176, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 204], [205, 352], [353, 470], [471, 566], [567, 673], [674, 744]], "first_sentence": "A variant of FRET couples this effect to absorption in quantum dot nanoparticles for high-sensitivity biologicalimaging.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The ATPase PINA is expressed at high levels under this stimulus. The DLMO response to this stimulus triggersPRC phase-advance. Some organisms occupy the epipelagic zone during diel vertical migration in responseto this exogenous stimulus. Phacelia is dependent on this stimulus for germination, and pitaya flowersonly bloom when it is present. A condition appearing under this stimulus is often the first symptom of retinitispigmentosa. A steady influx of sodium through certain cGMP-gated channels occurs under its namesake\"current\" and is reversed by activation of transducin by opsin. This phenomenon increases pineal gland secretionof melatonin, which stimulates sleep. For 10 points, name this phenomenon during which nocturnal animalsare active. ", "answer": "darkness [or synonyms of darkness, such as absence of light and scotopic conditions; or nighttime; or twilight; or day turning into night; or light turning into darkness; prompt on nocturnality, circadian rhythms, and sleep-wake cycle until \"exogenous\" is read; prompt on light/dark cycle]", "page": "Darkness", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122524, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131177, "tokenizations": [[0, 64], [65, 126], [127, 238], [239, 343], [344, 436], [437, 587], [588, 673], [674, 751]], "first_sentence": "The ATPase PINA is expressed at high levels under this stimulus.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel describes a novel he is writing, which features a love triangle on the planet Gazzaliin the year 3579. In this novel, the narrator finds videos of a porn star named Melinda while searching the protagonist'sapartment in Frankfurt for his green notebook. This novel includes a tape-recorded conversation inthe New Life Pastry Shop that ends with the assassination of the director of the Institute of Education. Duringthe performance of a play about \"My Fatherland\" in this novel, soldiers march onstage and fire into the crowd.The town where this novel is set is home to Blue, the radical lover of Ipek, and is plagued by the suicides ofgirls who are forced to remove their headscarves. For 10 points, name this novel about the poet Ka, by OrhanPamuk. ", "answer": "Snow [or Kar] ", "page": "Snow", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122523, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131178, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 278], [279, 434], [435, 551], [551, 710], [711, 775]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel describes a novel he is writing, which features a love triangle on the planet Gazzaliin the year 3579.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The most detailed account of this battle comes from a chronicle compiled by a mozarab. The winning side atthis battle lacked cavalry, causing the infantry to form a phalanx formation to counter the enemy's cavalry.Three years after this battle, its losing side looted Arles and successfully captured Avignon. A commander ofthe winning side at this battle was previously defeated at the Garonne River. Odo, the Duke of Aquitaine, assistedthe winning side at this battle, which surrounded the forces of Abd-al-Rahman (rock-MAHN). Followingthis battle, its winning commander was given the epithet \"Hammer\" after defeating Umayyad forces. For10 points, name this 732 battle in which Charles Martel stopped a major Muslim invasion of Gaul. ", "answer": "Battle of Tours [or Battle of Poitiers] ", "page": "Battle_of_Tours", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122522, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131179, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 214], [214, 308], [309, 400], [401, 527], [528, 634], [635, 734]], "first_sentence": "The most detailed account of this battle comes from a chronicle compiled by a mozarab.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "These objects were stolen from the chimpanzees according to a myth from the Mali Empire. The Lembapeople believe that after the original Ark of the Covenant imploded, the Ten Commandments were housed inthe ngoma lungundu type of these objects. Red and black felt representing death and blood cover these objectsin the Akan and Ashanti cultures. Their bata type is used in Santeria, and the hourglass-shaped tama, or \"talking,\"kind uses tension cords to adjust pitch to resemble human speech. The dundun is often used in an ensemblewith a goblet type of these instruments called the djembe. These membranophones are frequentlymounted with cow or goat skin. For 10 points, name these percussion instruments beaten with namesakesticks.", "answer": " drums [or obvious equivalents; or ngoma, bata tama, dundun, or djembe until they are mentioned] ", "page": "Drum", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122521, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131180, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 243], [244, 344], [345, 491], [492, 589], [590, 655], [656, 732]], "first_sentence": "These objects were stolen from the chimpanzees according to a myth from the Mali Empire.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play describes how the moon has passed through a secret gateway while talking to a manhe calls \"ghostly one.\" In this play, a woman insults the protagonist by calling him a \"self-vaunted stem of theplantain\" and accuses him of eating the \"world's left-overs.\" This play's fourth scene opens with a band playing\"Rule Britannia\" as the Prince arrives at a masquerade. In this play, the main character tells the story of the\"Not-I bird\" to the praise-singer. After the body of the medical student Olunde is brought in rolled up in a matnear the end of this play, Simon Pilkings is unable to prevent Olunde's father from using his chains to stranglehimself. For 10 points, name this play in which Elesin must commit ritual suicide, written by Wole Soyinka. ", "answer": "Death and the King's Horseman ", "page": "Death_and_the_King's_Horseman", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122520, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131181, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 278], [278, 385], [386, 475], [476, 673], [674, 772]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play describes how the moon has passed through a secret gateway while talking to a manhe calls \"ghostly one.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The maximum number of steps the Euclidean algorithm can take is asymptotically the natural log of n dividedby the natural log of this number. The worst case of Borel's theorem on rational approximation is fornumbers in an equivalence class with this one. The continued fraction expansion of this number consists entirelyof ones, and it is equal to twice the cosine of 36 degrees. This number and its negative appear in Binet'sformula for the nth Fibonacci number. This number is the length of a regular pentagon's diagonal divided byits side length. For 10 points, identify this number, equal to 1 plus the square root of 5 over two, often denotedby the Greek letter phi. ", "answer": " golden ratio [or golden mean; or obvious equivalents; or phi until it is read; or (1 + sqrt(5)) / 2 until it is read, prompt on 1.618033\u00c2\u2026] ", "page": "Golden_ratio", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122519, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131182, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 254], [255, 379], [380, 463], [464, 549], [550, 671]], "first_sentence": "The maximum number of steps the Euclidean algorithm can take is asymptotically the natural log of n dividedby the natural log of this number.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man wrote, \"Shakespeare was of us, Milton was for us,\" in a poem that laments, \"just for a handful of silver he leftus, just for a riband to stick in his coat,\" in reference to William Wordsworth. In another poem by this author, a \"girl witheager eyes and yellow hair\" waits for the speaker in a \"single little turret that remains on the plains.\" This poet of \"TheLost Leader\" also wrote a poem in which the speaker offers to show his interlocutor a bronze statue of Neptune cast byClaus of Innsbruck. That poem of his describes a woman who had \"a heart...too soon made glad\" memorialized in a portraitby Fra Pandolf. For 10 points, name this Victorian poet of \"Love among the Ruins\" and \"My Last Duchess.\"", "answer": "Robert Browning ", "page": "Robert_Browning", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122518, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131183, "tokenizations": [[0, 201], [202, 350], [350, 506], [507, 622], [623, 711]], "first_sentence": "This man wrote, \"Shakespeare was of us, Milton was for us,\" in a poem that laments, \"just for a handful of silver he leftus, just for a riband to stick in his coat,\" in reference to William Wordsworth.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Kenneth Arrow and John Pratt developed a measure of how people react to this thing based on the ratio ofthe utility function's second derivative over its first derivative. Individuals whose behavior can be explained bya linear utility function are indifferent towards it. Beta is the ratio of this quantity for a specific asset over thisquantity of the entire market. Its price for a given portfolio is the expected excess return of the portfolio overits standard deviation. Frank Knight treated this quantity as something measurable to distinguish it from uncertainty.The variance of an asset's return is used to measure this thing, which treasury bonds are usually assumedto be free of. For 10 points, name this measure of how likely an investment is to fail. ", "answer": "risk [prompt on uncertainty; do not accept \"ambiguity\"] ", "page": "Risk", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122517, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131184, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 271], [272, 367], [368, 474], [475, 569], [569, 688], [689, 761]], "first_sentence": "Kenneth Arrow and John Pratt developed a measure of how people react to this thing based on the ratio ofthe utility function's second derivative over its first derivative.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Sumner Welles resigned after his attempts to solicit sex from this company's workers were publicized. Employeesof this company were addressed as \"George\" and were organized by C. L. Dellums. Robert Todd Lincolnserved as president of this firm, and Solon Beman designed its company town. A union for this company'sworkers was led by a man who pressured FDR into passing Executive Order 9981 and directed the March onWashington. That man was Asa Philip Randolph. Richard Olney obtained an injunction against striking employeesof this company during Grover Cleveland's presidency. This company faced a strike led by EugeneDebs. For 10 points, name this company which produced \"palace\" railroad cars. ", "answer": "Pullman Palace Car Company ", "page": "Pullman_Company", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122516, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131185, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 190], [191, 286], [287, 426], [427, 460], [461, 577], [578, 624], [625, 696]], "first_sentence": "Sumner Welles resigned after his attempts to solicit sex from this company's workers were publicized.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "American artists such as Frederick Carl Frieseke, Theodore Earl Butler, and Willard Metcalf established anartists' colony in this place. A painting set in the woods near this location shows Blanche Hoschede at her easelwhile her sister Susanne reads. This location is the subject of a 42-foot wide triptych at the MoMA depictingthe \"reflection of clouds\" on a pond created by diverting the Epte river. This place is the setting of a set oftwelve views of a Japanese footbridge. An artist suffering from cataracts retreated to this place during the lastthirty years of his life and executed 250 paintings of Water Lilies. For 10 points, name this French communewhere Claude Monet maintained a garden. ", "answer": "Giverny [accept Monet's garden before \"commune\" is read] ", "page": "Giverny", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122515, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131186, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 250], [251, 401], [402, 477], [478, 620], [621, 665], [666, 699]], "first_sentence": "American artists such as Frederick Carl Frieseke, Theodore Earl Butler, and Willard Metcalf established anartists' colony in this place.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man opened one book by aligning his own views with Socrates listening to \"the old Protagoras\" and rebutting\"the so-called Sophist.\" This man described syllogisms as \"ratiocination\" in a text which laid out reasoning\"ratiocinative\" and \"inductive.\" In this man's simple theory of names, a name's meaning is merely thething it refers to and nothing more. After suffering a mental breakdown at age twenty from the prodigy trainingregimen of his philosopher father James, this thinker wrote A System of Logic, and collaborated with his loverHarriet Taylor on an 1869 text in favor of female equality. For 10 points, name this English author of The Subjectionof Women, whose major writings defended maximal liberty and utilitarianism. ", "answer": "John Stuart Mill", "page": "John_Stuart_Mill", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122514, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131187, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [135, 252], [253, 357], [358, 601], [602, 734]], "first_sentence": "This man opened one book by aligning his own views with Socrates listening to \"the old Protagoras\" and rebutting\"the so-called Sophist.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Ships from this European country transported the German naturalist and historian Engelbert Kaempfer. Adoctor serving merchants from this country was discovered to possess secret maps and was exiled from Japanin the \"Siebold incident.\" Men from this country undertook annual \"court journeys\" and were referred to as\"Red-Haired Barbarians.\" Japanese scholars learned this country's language as part of the Rangaku movement.This country operated a trading post which was built by Portuguese merchants on the artificial island of Dejima.The VOC, this country's East India Company, had a limited presence in Japan during its isolationist period.For 10 points, name this country whose ships often traveled to Japan from Rotterdam.", "answer": "the Netherlands [or de Nederlanden; or Dutch Republic: or Holland] ", "page": "Netherlands", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122513, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131188, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 233], [233, 337], [337, 338], [339, 421], [421, 533], [533, 640], [640, 724]], "first_sentence": "Ships from this European country transported the German naturalist and historian Engelbert Kaempfer.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this story, the protagonist wonders if women have minds or if they have \"just a little buzz like a bee in aglass jar.\" The narrator of this story imagines a family party complete with men in ice-cream suits and bowtiesafter another character tries to purchase herring snacks. In this story, the protagonist and his co-workerStokesie are captivated by a trio of women who are led by a girl nicknamed Queenie. This story concludeswhen Lengel chastises the three women for being barefoot and wearing bikinis, prompting Sammy to wonder\"how hard the world was going to be\" after quitting his job. For 10 points, name this short story set at a conveniencestore, written by John Updike. ", "answer": " \"A & P\" ", "page": "A&P_(short_story)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122512, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131189, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [120, 278], [279, 410], [411, 594], [595, 682]], "first_sentence": "In this story, the protagonist wonders if women have minds or if they have \"just a little buzz like a bee in aglass jar.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Sphagnum moss and peat cores are characteristic of palsas, structures that develop in areas unfavorable tothe formation of this layer. Aggradation of this layer around sandy sediments of drained lake bottoms formsconical hills topped by talik, a structure known as a pingo. Giant holes in this layer on the Yamal Peninsulahave created concern about methane release. This layer underlays the active layer, and the thermal offset is thedifference in the mean annual ground surface temperature and the temperature at the top of this layer. Collapseof this layer is associated with collapse-scar bogs, thermokarst lakes, and drunken trees. For 10 points,name this thick layer of soil that remains frozen year-round in cold climates. ", "answer": "permafrost [or permanent frost; prompt on perennially frozen ground or perennially cryotic ground] ", "page": "Permafrost", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122510, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131191, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 273], [274, 365], [366, 536], [537, 635], [636, 728]], "first_sentence": "Sphagnum moss and peat cores are characteristic of palsas, structures that develop in areas unfavorable tothe formation of this layer.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Madin-Darby canine cells from this organ are commonly used for vaccine manufacture. Drugs likeethacrynic acid and furosemide act on this organ to treat edema and hypertension. Foot processes linkpodocytes to this organ's basement membrane. Intercalated cells in this organ strongly express sodiumprotonantiporters. Calcium oxalate is the major component of a namesake (*) mineral concretion that formsin this organ. ADH stimulates this organ's collecting ducts to express aquaporins for osmoregulation.Countercurrent exchange in this organ through two tubules, an ascending limb, and the descending limb of the loopof Henle moderates glucose, sodium, and water concentration. For 10 points, name this organ whose nephronsfilter blood.", "answer": " kidneys [or glomerulus] ", "page": "Kidney", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122507, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131193, "tokenizations": [[0, 83], [84, 175], [176, 239], [240, 314], [315, 415], [416, 502], [502, 675], [676, 734]], "first_sentence": "Madin-Darby canine cells from this organ are commonly used for vaccine manufacture.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Edmund Morris wrote a semi-fictional biography of this man titled Dutch. This man signed the US'sfirst no-fault divorce law into law. This man asked \"Will [future generations] look back with appreciatedand say, 'Thank God for those people \u00c2\u2026 who headed off that loss of freedom?'\" in his \"A Time forChoosing\" speech. During a debate against an incumbent president, this man asked the audience, \"Areyou better off than you were four years ago?\" As president, this man defeated an (*) air traffic controllerstrike, launched Operation Urgent Fury against Grenada, and survived an assassination attempt from JohnHinckley. For 10 points, name this president who defeated Jimmy Carter to become president in the election of1980.", "answer": "Ronald Wilson Reagan", "page": "Ronald_Reagan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122506, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131194, "tokenizations": [[0, 72], [73, 133], [134, 316], [317, 443], [444, 617], [618, 722]], "first_sentence": "Edmund Morris wrote a semi-fictional biography of this man titled Dutch.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The protagonist of a novel by this author receives a letter containing a $5000 bill, which he refers to as a\"portrait of Madison\". An affair with Linda Loring and threats from Mendy Menendez complicate the plotof a novel by this author in which the protagonist attempts to keep Roger Wade sober and eventuallylearns that Paul Marston and Terry Lennox are the same person. The blackmail efforts of Arthur Geigerprompt General Sternwood to hire the protagonist, who learns that Eddie (*) Mars helped Vivian Sternwoodconceal her sister Carmen's murder of Rusty Regan, in a novel by this author titled for a euphemism for death. For10 points, name this author of hardboiled novels like The Long Goodbye and The Big Sleep, which both star hisdetective Philip Marlowe.", "answer": "Raymond Chandler [or Raymond Thornton Chandler]", "page": "Raymond_Chandler", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122505, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131195, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 371], [372, 624], [625, 762]], "first_sentence": "The protagonist of a novel by this author receives a letter containing a $5000 bill, which he refers to as a\"portrait of Madison\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Haldane Mission attempted to curb the spending on these objects. Horace de Vere Colepretended to be part of a delegation from Abyssinia so that he and his friends, including Virginia Woolf,could visit one of these objects. This was the less common of the two objects that the country meeting the\"two-power standard\" built more of. Alfred von Tirpitz urged the construction of both the normal and (*)pocket type of these objects. A 5:5:3 ratio of these objects was fixed at the 1921-22 Washington Arms Conference.A generation of these objects known as \"dreadnoughts\" were revolutionary for their steam turbines and all-big-gunarmaments. For 10 points, name these vehicles that the Germans and British competed to build in an early 20thcentury naval arms race.", "answer": "battleships [prompt on ships; prompt on warships]", "page": "Battleship", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122504, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131196, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 226], [227, 334], [335, 432], [433, 516], [516, 639], [640, 762]], "first_sentence": "The Haldane Mission attempted to curb the spending on these objects.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One player of this instrument collaborated on the album At Basin Street with Clifford Brown. Anotherplayer of this instrument played on a duet with Sonny Rollins on the song The Surrey with the Fringe onTop. Two players of this instrument collaborated on an album that contains tracks of each of their\"blues\". In 1952, those two players \"battled\" at a Carnegie Hall concert. Another player of this instrumentrecorded the album (*) Moanin along with his Jazz Messengers. Played by Max Roach and Art Blakey, thisinstrument joins the piano and a bass in the normal lineup of a jazz trio. Players of this instrument frequently usethe hi-hat and sometimes use brushes. For ten points, name this instrument played by Gene Krupa and Buddy Rich,a percussion instrument. ", "answer": "drums [ or drum kit; prompt on percussion]", "page": "Drum", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122503, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131197, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 207], [208, 309], [310, 374], [375, 469], [470, 584], [585, 663], [664, 761]], "first_sentence": "One player of this instrument collaborated on the album At Basin Street with Clifford Brown.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, a character promotes healthy living with initiatives like Banish the Booze Week andBetter Babies Week. Joyce Lanyon enters a loveless marriage with this novel's main character before hemoves to Vermont at this book's end. A woman in this novel dies after smoking a half-finished cigarettewhile on St. Hubert. This novel's title character hosts a lunch to which he invites his two fiancees, ofwhom he eventually chooses a native of Wheatsylvania, North Dakota named (*) Leora Tozer. Theprotagonist of this book grows up in Elk Mills in the state of Winnemac, and discovers the X Principle whileworking with fellow scientists Terry Wickett and Max Gottlieb. For 10 points, name this novel by Sinclair Lewis,whose title character is a doctor named Martin.", "answer": "Arrowsmit", "page": "Arrowsmith_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122502, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131198, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 236], [237, 323], [324, 483], [484, 496], [497, 670], [671, 767]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, a character promotes healthy living with initiatives like Banish the Booze Week andBetter Babies Week.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Cave of Ramban in this place is considered the final resting place of Nachmanides. In the birkathamazon, a set of blessings said after consuming bread, the third blessing concerns this place. TheTalmudic legend about Akiva being a \"lyre for all your songs\" inspired a popular song about this place\"of Gold.\" Many Passover services end with the participants singing the song (*) \"Next Year in\" this place.A pair of historical tragedies in this city is remembered on the Ninth of Av. Its \"Old City\" includes a popular site oflamentation, the Western Wall, as well as the Temple Mount, the place where the Tabernacle was kept within theHoly of Holies. For 10 points, name this city where many Jews believe a Third Temple will be built in end times. ", "answer": " Jerusalem [or Yerushalayim; or Old City until mentioned; accept Upper Kidron Valley until \"this city\" is read; accept Wadi al-Joz until \"this city\" is read] ", "page": "Jerusalem", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122501, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131199, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 195], [196, 311], [312, 408], [408, 485], [486, 652], [653, 749]], "first_sentence": "The Cave of Ramban in this place is considered the final resting place of Nachmanides.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Frank Ramsey translated this book into English at Cambridge while its author was allegedly twistingkids' ears as a provincial schoolteacher. According to this book, facts can be combined into a \"picture\"which has a \"representing relation\" to reality, though the limits of one's language are the limits of one'sworld. This book's author later rejected that theory in favor of a \"family resemblances\" theory of meaning.This book, which inspired the pro-science (*) Vienna Circle, has a title paralleling a book on religion by BaruchSpinoza. It starts by asserting \"The world is everything that is the case\" and ends \"What we cannot speak of, wemust pass over in silence.\" For 10 points, name this attempt to solve all of philosophy, a short early work by LudwigWittgenstein. ", "answer": "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus [prompt on Ludwig Wittgenstein's Tractatus] ", "page": "Tractatus_Logico-Philosophicus", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122500, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131200, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 316], [317, 417], [417, 538], [539, 669], [670, 772]], "first_sentence": "Frank Ramsey translated this book into English at Cambridge while its author was allegedly twistingkids' ears as a provincial schoolteacher.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Getty Museum contains a portrait study by this artist of a model from Santo Domingo namedJoseph with upturned eyes. During a trip to Rome, he painted a nude man holding back a terrified horsebefore it takes off down the Corso. The psychiatrist \u00c3\u2030tienne-Jean Georget commissioned him to makePortrait of a Kleptomaniac, for which this artist visited an (*) insane asylum. In another painting, a militaryofficer is seated almost completely turned around on his rearing horse, and brandishes a curved sword. This artist ofRace of the Riderless Horses and The Charging Chasseur also painted a black man standing atop a human pyramid andwaving a rag to attract a distant ship. For 10 points, name this French painter of The Raft of the Medusa.", "answer": "Jean Louis Theodore Gericault", "page": "Th\u00e9odore_G\u00e9ricault", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122499, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131201, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 230], [231, 373], [374, 507], [508, 674], [675, 741]], "first_sentence": "The Getty Museum contains a portrait study by this artist of a model from Santo Domingo namedJoseph with upturned eyes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In statistical mechanics, the expected number of these particles in a given state is inverselyproportional to an exponential weight minus one. Composite particles that belong to this general class arethe basis for the BCS theory of superconductivity. These particles leave the sign of the wavefunctionunchanged upon particle exchange and include (*) Cooper pairs. They do not obey the Pauli exclusionprinciple because they obey a set of statistics named for their namesake and Einstein. Photons are an example of the\"gauge\" type of these particles that have integer spin. For 10 points, name this particle whose Higgs type wasdiscovered at the Large Hadron Collider.", "answer": "bosons", "page": "Boson", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122498, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131202, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 250], [251, 363], [364, 486], [487, 571], [572, 666]], "first_sentence": "In statistical mechanics, the expected number of these particles in a given state is inverselyproportional to an exponential weight minus one.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The lands belonging to these people were partitioned during a period known as \"The Ruin.\" Thesepeople formed a vassal state after rebelling against the rule of foreign magnates in the KhmelnytskyUprising, which marked the beginning of The Deluge. The words \"Volga, Volga\" begin a popular folksong about a leader of these people named Stenka Razin. These people formed a (*) \"hetmanate\" called theZaporizhian host. One of their leaders impersonated Peter III and led a 1773 rebellion against Catherine the Great.Yemelyan Pugachev was a member of these people, many of whom lived around the Don or Dnieper River. For 10points, name these nomadic warrior people who alternately rebelled against or fought for Russia.", "answer": "Cossacks", "page": "Cossacks", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122497, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131203, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [88, 246], [247, 347], [348, 413], [414, 511], [511, 610], [611, 713]], "first_sentence": "The lands belonging to these people were partitioned during a period known as \"The Ruin.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one work by this man, a judge named Bridoye reveals that he has always doled out sentences byrolling dice. This author was said to have employed the trope of the \"grotesque body\" to critique the warsof his time in a Mikhail Bakhtin study named after this man \"and his world\". Another of this man'scharacters determines whether or not he should get married by making a journey to (*) Bacbuc, where he istold to \"drink!\" One of this author's title characters builds a religious institution which has the motto \"Do whatthou wilt\". This author satirized contemporary religion by creating the Oracle of the Holy Bottle and the Abbey ofTheleme in a series of satirical novels named for two giants. For 10 points, name this French creator of Gargantuaand Pantagruel.", "answer": "Francois Rabelais [or Alcofribas Nasier] ", "page": "Fran\u00e7ois_Rabelais", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122496, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131204, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 278], [279, 421], [422, 530], [531, 694], [695, 762]], "first_sentence": "In one work by this man, a judge named Bridoye reveals that he has always doled out sentences byrolling dice.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The most common region used in animal DNA barcoding is a stretch of 600 base pairs encoding asubunit of one of these proteins. After being released into the cytoplasm, one of these proteins binds toApaf-1, initiating the instrinsic apoptosis pathway. In phase I of drug metabolism, polar groups areintroduced to chemicals by the P450 oxidase type of these proteins. One of these proteins in the thylakoidmembrane transfers electrons between (*) photosystems II and I. One of these proteins gets reduced by theoxidation of coenzyme Q in Complex III, and four of them each transfer an electron to one oxygen molecule tomake water in Complex IV. For 10 points, name these heme-containing proteins whose \"c\" variety plays a key rolein the electron transport chain.", "answer": "cytochromes [accept cytochrome c oxidase; accept cytochrome b6f; accept cytochrome bc1] ", "page": "Cytochrome", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122495, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131205, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 250], [251, 365], [366, 642], [643, 760]], "first_sentence": "The most common region used in animal DNA barcoding is a stretch of 600 base pairs encoding asubunit of one of these proteins.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A prominent visitor center in this region is named for Ernest Coe, whose advocacy for this regionalienated pretty much everyone. The Bear Lake Mounds are in this ecological region, where humans builtthe Mud Lake Canal between 750 and 1200 AD. HM-69, a Nike Hercules Missile base, is located in thisregion. The Calusa people once inhabited this region which is cut through by the (*) Tamiami Trail. MarjoryStoneman Douglas advocated for saving this region, which is afflicted by invasive species such as the melaleuca treeand the Burmese python. It held an early ballistic anti-nuke system to defend against the Cuban nuclear threats. Forten points, name this so-called \"River of Grass,\" a protected wetlands between Lake Okeechobee and Biscayne Bayin southern Florida.", "answer": " Florida Everglades [or Everglades National Park; prompt on \"Florida\"] ", "page": "Everglades", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122494, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131206, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 305], [306, 397], [398, 544], [545, 633], [634, 768]], "first_sentence": "A prominent visitor center in this region is named for Ernest Coe, whose advocacy for this regionalienated pretty much everyone.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In China, statues of this animal often appear as the pedestal of monuments like the Nestorian Stele.According to legend, a golden one of these animals took a sword called Heaven's Will back fromVietnamese freedom fighter Le Loi. Objects named for this animal were used in a \"crane formation\" towin the Battle of Hansan Island and the Battle of Sacheon during the Imjin War. Admiral Yi invented thattype of (*) vessel named for this animal, which was used to thwart Toyotomi Hideyoshi's attempted invasion of theJoseon kingdom. Along with ox scapulae, a notable part of these animals were inscribed with questions then heatedto make oracle bones. For 10 points, name these animals, which name a sort of Korean ship with a shelled exterior.", "answer": "turtles [or tortoises; or bixi] ", "page": "Turtle", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122493, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131207, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [100, 228], [229, 373], [374, 526], [527, 645], [646, 738]], "first_sentence": "In China, statues of this animal often appear as the pedestal of monuments like the Nestorian Stele.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote a short story in which Mr. Swaffer gives a house to the title character and her husbandYanko Goorall, the latter of whom calls out for water in his native tongue and is abandoned before hisdeath. In another of his stories, a captain decides to help the deserter Leggatt escape from the HMSSephora. Another character created by this author describes his trip to a \"whited sepulchre\" to accept ajob from the (*) Company to replace Fresleven. This author wrote a book about a journey made to the CentralStation that is part of a framed narrative told onboard the Nellie. For 10 points, name this Polish-born British authorof the short stories \"Amy Foster\" and \"The Secret Sharer\" who wrote about Marlow's search for Kurtz in Heart ofDarkness.", "answer": " Joseph Conrad [or Josef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski]", "page": "Joseph_Conrad", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122492, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131208, "tokenizations": [[0, 213], [214, 315], [316, 457], [458, 585], [586, 757]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote a short story in which Mr. Swaffer gives a house to the title character and her husbandYanko Goorall, the latter of whom calls out for water in his native tongue and is abandoned before hisdeath.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This deity transforms Nyctimene, who had been raped by her father, into a symbolic animal. During theGigantomachy, this deity hurls the island of Sicily at the fleeing Enceladus. This deity gives Heracles aHephaestus-crafted rattle with which to frighten the Stymphalian Birds. This deity assists Telemachus inthe disguise of Mentor. According to Ovid, this goddess angrily tears up the winning (*) tapestry ofArachne before turning her into a spider. She is born after her mother is turned into a fly and swallowed by Zeus,who suffers an enormous headache and calls for Hephaestus to cleave his skull, from which this goddess emergesfully armed. For 10 points, name this daughter of Metis and Zeus, the martial Olympian goddess of wisdom.", "answer": " Athena [or Minerva; or Athene; or Pallas Athena] ", "page": "Athena", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122491, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131209, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 178], [179, 277], [278, 333], [334, 451], [452, 646], [647, 739]], "first_sentence": "This deity transforms Nyctimene, who had been raped by her father, into a symbolic animal.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A body movement called \"arc de cercle\" affected people diagnosed with this condition by Jean-MartinCharcot. The idea of pressing a doctor's thumb to the patient's forehead to relieve this condition wasrelayed in a text co-written by Josef Breuer. In the late 19th century, physicians like George Taylor inducedwhat they called \"paroxysm\" to treat this condition, often using mechanical (*) vibrators. BerthaPappenheim, known as \"Anna O,\" was the main case study in Sigmund Freud's 1896 Studies on this disorder. TheGreek-derived name for this condition reflects the ancient view that it stemmed from an internally-wanderinguterus. For 10 points, name this now-discredited mental diagnosis usually given to women, whose purported \"mass\"form causes society-wide panic.", "answer": "hysteria [or conversion disorder]", "page": "Hysteria", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122490, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131210, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 246], [247, 400], [401, 511], [512, 630], [631, 766]], "first_sentence": "A body movement called \"arc de cercle\" affected people diagnosed with this condition by Jean-MartinCharcot.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This event largely did not affect institutions which belonged to the Suffolk system. A cartoon depicting\"The Times\" of this event shows a shining hat subtitled \"GLORY\" in the sky above a city street. Duringthis event, thousands of New Yorkers attacked hoarding merchants in the Flour Riots. This event inspiredthe unsuccessful Divorce Bill and the narrowly-passed Independent Treasury Act. This event is oftenblamed on an order issued by Levi Woodbury which prevented (*) public lands from being bought with\"wildcat currency.\" This event was partly caused by the Specie Circular and by the credit policies of \"pet banks.\" For10 points, name this economic crisis, a financial panic that began in the first year of Martin Van Buren's term.", "answer": " Panic of 1837", "page": "Panic_of_1837", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122489, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131211, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 199], [200, 290], [291, 389], [390, 525], [525, 621], [622, 737]], "first_sentence": "This event largely did not affect institutions which belonged to the Suffolk system.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An unfinished piece by this composer contains a central \"Purgatorio\" movement surrounded by twoscherzos. Another of his pieces ends with an alto or baritone repeating \"Ewig\u00c2\u2026 ewig\" (ay-vig), or\"Forever\u00c2\u2026 forever.\" The opening adagio was the only movement of his tenth symphony that he fullyorchestrated before his death. Leonard Bernstein was the first to record the complete set of thiscomposer's symphonies and song cycles, one of which opens with \"The (*) Drinking Song of Earth'sMisery.\" This composer's eighth symphony sets the hymn \"Veni Creator Spiritus\" in the first part and the finalefrom Goethe's Faust in the second, and is nicknamed for the many musicians required. For 10 points, name thiscomposer of Das Lied von der Erde and the \"Symphony of a Thousand.\"", "answer": "Gustav Mahler ", "page": "Gustav_Mahler", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122488, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131212, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 212], [212, 213], [214, 320], [321, 490], [490, 491], [492, 678], [679, 770]], "first_sentence": "An unfinished piece by this composer contains a central \"Purgatorio\" movement surrounded by twoscherzos.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Nusselt film theory describes this process. The working fluid undergoes this process after it is turbined,before it is pumped, in a Rankine cycle. An exit stream undergoes this process, and then a recycle, duringreflux. This process shares its name with a method of polymerization contrasted with addition. Coldfingers are used to effect this process, which often occurs in glassware named for (*) Liebig. Silver iodideserves as a nucleus for this process to occur during cloud seeding. This process begins to happen as temperaturedips below the dew point. This process occurs in the tube leading to the receiving flask in a distillation. Thisexothermic process is the inverse of vaporization. For 10 points, name this process in which a vapor is convertedinto a liquid.", "answer": " condensation [or condensation polymerization; prompt on cooling or subcooling or supercooling]", "page": "Condensation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122487, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131213, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 219], [220, 306], [307, 405], [406, 486], [487, 556], [557, 638], [639, 693], [694, 770]], "first_sentence": "Nusselt film theory describes this process. The working fluid undergoes this process after it is turbined,before it is pumped, in a Rankine cycle.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "At the end of this novel, the protagonist thinks \"Zero hour...time to go\" after habitually checking hisbroken watch. A flashback describes how its protagonist's father pursues a relationship with the lab techRamona after the protagonist's mother Sharon abandoned him, taking his pet rakunk Killer. In a narrativethread of this novel, the protagonist travels from the \"pleeblands\" to the ruins of Paradice. A character inthis novel who attends the Watson-Crick Institute and gets a job with (*) RejoovenEsense took his nicknamefrom the game Extinctathon. This novel's sequel in the MaddAddam trilogy is The Year of the Flood. For 10 points,name this 2003 novel in which Snowman's flashbacks detail his pre-apocalypse life with the two title characters, byMargaret Atwood.", "answer": "Oryx and Crake", "page": "Oryx_and_Crake", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122486, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131214, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 297], [298, 405], [406, 553], [554, 624], [625, 770]], "first_sentence": "At the end of this novel, the protagonist thinks \"Zero hour...time to go\" after habitually checking hisbroken watch.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the worst case, this function is the tight asymptotic lower bound of the median of medians algorithmto select the kth largest element. For a word size of k, the worst case performance of radix sort is big O ofk times this function with respect to the elements being sorted. Searching an unbalanced binary searchtree has a worst case runtime tightly bounded by this function. This function is the best case timecomplexity of (*) bubble sort. Algorithms that traverse from the first to last element in a singly linked list withouta tail pointer and ones that iterate through a one-dimensional array in a for loop are bounded by this function. For10 points, name this function that dominates algorithms that run in Big O of n time.", "answer": " linear function [or linear time; or Big O of n until it is read] ", "page": "Linear_function", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122485, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131215, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 276], [277, 377], [378, 443], [444, 643], [644, 731]], "first_sentence": "In the worst case, this function is the tight asymptotic lower bound of the median of medians algorithmto select the kth largest element.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man supposedly made a bet with the Earl of Lonsdale that Harry Bensley couldn't travel aroundthe world pushing a baby carriage and wearing a knight's helmet. This man gave Edward S. Curtis 60,000dollars to finance The North American Indian ethno-photography project. Edward Clark Potter sculptedmane-less lions for this man's library on Madison Avenue and East 36th Street, New York. This co-ownerof the White Star Line (*) merged the Thomas-Houston Company with one founded by Thomas Edison to formGeneral Electric. This American-born man lent the US 65 million dollars to halt the Panic of 1893, and establishedthe first billion dollar company via a merger that created US Steel. For 10 points, name this financier whosenamesake bank merged with Chase Manhattan in 2000. ", "answer": "John Pierpont Morgan ", "page": "J._P._Morgan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122483, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131216, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 271], [272, 388], [389, 424], [425, 521], [522, 686], [687, 777]], "first_sentence": "This man supposedly made a bet with the Earl of Lonsdale that Harry Bensley couldn't travel aroundthe world pushing a baby carriage and wearing a knight's helmet.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In an experiment at this location, the first-ever SCRAM mechanism, a vat of cadmium solution, wasintroduced. The actual goal of that experiment at this location was to determine the reproduction factor inthe four-factor formula. A giant square balloon surrounded the apparatus of that experiment at thislocation in order to remove all air. That experiment at this location was overseen by Arthur Compton, headof the Metallurgical Laboratory. That experiment at this location used 57 layers of a (*) graphite cubic latticefor deceleration and was conducted underneath a football field, on an abandoned squash court. For 10 points, namethis university where a 1942 experiment led by Enrico Fermi produced the world's first self-sustained nuclearreaction.", "answer": "University of Chicago [prompt on UC; prompt on Illinois until \"university\" is read] ", "page": "University_of_Chicago", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122482, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131217, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 228], [229, 339], [340, 441], [442, 614], [615, 752]], "first_sentence": "In an experiment at this location, the first-ever SCRAM mechanism, a vat of cadmium solution, wasintroduced.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of this author's narrators stumbles upon a broken device labeled with \"hot\" and \"cold\" switches and surmises that it contained strong magic. That character from a short story by this author is told to avoid the \"Dead Places\" where ruined monuments to the god \"ASHING\" lie. Jack Ellyat and Clay Wingate join different armies in an (*) epic poem by this man that depicts its title character's trial in Charles Town. One of this author's title characters is told \"some will call you Ichabod\" in a story that includes Judge Hathorne among a set of jurors. In that story, Jabez Stone is successfully acquitted despite breaking his contract with Mr. Scratch. For 10 points, name this author of \"By the Waters of Babylon\", John Brown's Body, and \"The Devil and Daniel Webster\".", "answer": "Stephen Vincent Benet", "page": "Stephen_Vincent_Ben\u00e9t", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122481, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131218, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 228], [229, 276], [277, 417], [418, 555], [556, 656], [657, 774]], "first_sentence": "One of this author's narrators stumbles upon a broken device labeled with \"hot\" and \"cold\" switches and surmises that it contained strong magic.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This ruler fired his foreign minister, the Duke of Choiseul, for supporting Spain during the FalklandsCrisis. This man supported his father-in-law Stanislaw I during the War of the Polish Succession. Hisforces temporarily captured the Austrian Netherlands after Maurice de Saxe won the Battle of Fontenoy,but he gave up these gains in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. This king aligned his country with Austriaduring the (*) Diplomatic Revolution, which occurred a mere decade after his country had allied with Prussia inthe War of the Austrian Succession. Madame Pompadour was a long-time mistress of this king. For 10 points, namethis French king who lost his North American territories after the French and Indian War, and was the grandson ofthe previous \"Sun\" king.", "answer": "Louis XV [prompt on Louis]", "page": "Louis_XV_of_France", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122480, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131219, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 199], [200, 365], [366, 554], [555, 610], [611, 767]], "first_sentence": "This ruler fired his foreign minister, the Duke of Choiseul, for supporting Spain during the FalklandsCrisis.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The composer of this piece re-used the music from his earlier duet \"No, di voi non vo fidarmi\" in onemovement. In Mozart's re-orchestration of this piece, a difficult clarino trumpet solo is transferred to thehorn. The first choral movement of this piece closes with a plagal cadence on the words \"hath spoken it.\"This piece includes an instrumental Pifa interlude which is sometimes referred to as a (*) \"PastoralSymphony.\" The first aria in this piece promises to make \"The crooked straight and the rough pieces plane\" and istitled \"Every Valley Shall Be Exalted.\" Part 3 of this work opens with the soprano aria \"I know that my redeemerliveth.\" For 10 points, name this oratorio by George Frideric Handel which includes the \"Hallelujah Chorus.\"", "answer": "Messiah", "page": "Messiah", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122479, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131220, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 214], [215, 423], [423, 566], [567, 647], [648, 747]], "first_sentence": "The composer of this piece re-used the music from his earlier duet \"No, di voi non vo fidarmi\" in onemovement.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "John Clarke helped secure the royal charter for the colony based in this modern-day state. Six of itscolonial governors, including \"Judge\" William Coddington, are buried in its Coddington Cemetery. JohnSullivan failed to expel the British from this state in the first combined Franco-American operation in theRevolutionary War. Canochet's Fort was in this modern-day state where Josiah Winslow won the GreatSwamp Fight. A less famous John Brown sunk the (*) Gaspee off of this state's coast. In this last of the originalthirteen colonies to ratify the Constitution, a haven for Antinomians was established by Anne Hutchinson. For 10points, name this state where Roger Williams set up a refuge for religious dissidents in Providence.", "answer": "Rhode Island and Providence Plantations", "page": "Rhode_Island", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122478, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131221, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 197], [198, 327], [328, 419], [420, 491], [492, 625], [626, 732]], "first_sentence": "John Clarke helped secure the royal charter for the colony based in this modern-day state.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A literary character from this country poisons her devoutly-Catholic father Eugene after falling in love with the young priest Father Amadi. That character's creator is an author born in this country whose most recent novel is about two lovers, one of whom writes a blog partly titled \"Raceteenth\". Another literary work set in this country opens with a scene in which the protagonist tells the story of the \"Not-I Bird\" to the (*) Praise-Singer. The author of Purple Hibiscus and Americanah is from this country, which is the setting of a play in which Simon Pilkings attempts to prevent the ritual suicide of Elesin Oba. For 10 points, name this African nation, the birthplace of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and the playwright of Death and the King's Horseman, Wole Soyinka.", "answer": "Nigeria [or Federal Republic of Nigeria or British Nigeria]", "page": "Nigeria", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122477, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131222, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 298], [299, 446], [447, 622], [623, 773]], "first_sentence": "A literary character from this country poisons her devoutly-Catholic father Eugene after falling in love with the young priest Father Amadi.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A version of this architectural style that developed in America includes the Buffalo State Asylum andBoston's Trinity Church and is named for H.H. Richardson. Fontenay Abbey and other early Cistercianbuildings were created in this style, as were Pisa Cathedral and its leaning tower. The Byzantine style inWestern Europe began transforming into this one with buildings like Charlemagne's Palatine Chapel in(*) Aachen. In England, this style is called \"Norman\" and includes the since-replaced original Westminster Abbeyand the still-extant Tower of London. The successor to this style replaced its round arches with pointed ones. For10 points, name this European architectural style that preceded the Gothic.", "answer": "Romanesque [accept Norman until it is read]", "page": "Romanesque_architecture", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122476, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131223, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 283], [284, 417], [418, 555], [556, 628], [629, 707]], "first_sentence": "A version of this architectural style that developed in America includes the Buffalo State Asylum andBoston's Trinity Church and is named for H.H. Richardson.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The economic independence of women was one of several links to this group's more ancient pastelucidated by the sociologist Melville Herskovits. John Howard Griffin went undercover to study thesepeople. The phrase \"blaming the victim\" was coined in a response to a Daniel Patrick Moynihan reporton these people that critiqued the \"tangled pathology\" of their family structures. A book on these peopleconcludes with a section on (*) \"sorrow songs\"; that same book explores the \"double-consciousness\" thesepeople face behind \"the veil\" when the \"doors of Opportunity [are] closed roughly in his face\". For 10 points, namethis group of people, whose \"Souls\" are discussed in a book by W. E. B. Du Bois and were often subject to JimCrow Laws after the Civil War.", "answer": "African Americans [or black people; or Negroes; or black folk; accept Africans or Haitians until \"John\"; prompt on Americans]", "page": "African_Americans", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122475, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131224, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 201], [202, 376], [377, 598], [599, 757]], "first_sentence": "The economic independence of women was one of several links to this group's more ancient pastelucidated by the sociologist Melville Herskovits.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This force names the cross-terms composed of the product of two different generalized coordinates inthe Euler-Lagrange equations. This force stabilizes the fourth and fifth Lagrange points. It opposespressure in geostrophic flow. Because this force always acts perpendicular to the velocity of the bob at theend of (*) Foucault's pendulum, it does no work on the bob. The magnitude of this force is given as two times thecross product of an angular velocity and a linear velocity. The namesake coefficient of this force is proportional tothe sine of the latitude and the rotation rate of Earth. It explains why a ball thrown from a carousel appears todeflect, depending on the hemisphere. For 10 points, name this fictitious force seen in rotating reference frames.", "answer": "Coriolis force [or the Coriolis effect]", "page": "Coriolis_force", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122474, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131225, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 189], [190, 229], [230, 367], [368, 480], [481, 594], [595, 688], [689, 765]], "first_sentence": "This force names the cross-terms composed of the product of two different generalized coordinates inthe Euler-Lagrange equations.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the Iliad, these people are called antianeirai, (AN tee ah nay rai) and Priam tells Helen about whenhe helped King Mygdon defend Phrygia against an attack by them. Heracles reaches a cordial, but shortlivedagreement with a leader of these people aboard a ship, because Hera spread a rumor that Heracleswas trying to abduct that leader. After killing one of these people and mocking the corpse, Achillesremoves the helmet and feels (*) remorse. These people annually mate with the Gargareans so their race doesn'tdie out, and they improve their archery by cutting off their right breast. A queen whose girdle is taken by Heracles,named Hippolyta, rules these people. For 10 points, name these warrior women in Greek mythology.", "answer": "Amazons [prompt on women] ", "page": "Amazons", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122473, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131226, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [167, 338], [339, 446], [447, 589], [590, 668], [669, 728]], "first_sentence": "In the Iliad, these people are called antianeirai, (AN tee ah nay rai) and Priam tells Helen about whenhe helped King Mygdon defend Phrygia against an attack by them.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a novel by this author, notes taken by Dr. Bormenthal relate the history of a character who adoptsthe worldview of the housing committee leader Shvonder after encountering Dr. Preobrazhensky. In ascene from another of his novels, a crowd of women are left standing in their underwear after the clothingthey were given during a magic show disappears. In another of his novels, Ivan (*) Bezdomny is sent to anasylum, where he meets an author who is told \"manuscripts don't burn\" after he is handed a copy of his own novelabout Yeshua Ha-Notsri and Pontius Pilate. In that novel, Azazello and the talking cat Behemoth are among theretinue of Professor Woland, who is Satan in disguise. For 10 points, name this author of Heart of a Dog and TheMaster and Margarita.", "answer": "Mikhail Bulgakov [or Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov]", "page": "Mikhail_Bulgakov", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122472, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131227, "tokenizations": [[0, 194], [195, 352], [353, 387], [388, 564], [565, 685], [686, 764]], "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, notes taken by Dr. Bormenthal relate the history of a character who adoptsthe worldview of the housing committee leader Shvonder after encountering Dr. Preobrazhensky.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A writing system for people of this ethnicity was developed by Erdeni. who was patronized by a leaderwho declared his \"Seven Grievances to Heaven.\" A monarch of this ethnicity put down the Revolt of theThree Feudatories and names a massive dictionary with over 40,000 entries. A leader of this ethnicity usedflags to organize his troops as part of the Eight Banner System. These people forced all males to adopttheir distinctive (*) hairstyle of a long pigtail down the back of the head, the queue. These people were unitedunder Nurhaci. The long-reining Kangxi Emperor belonged to this ethnicity. The namesake home of these peoplewas invaded following the Mukden Incident and was ruled Puyi, a puppet for the Japanese. For 10 points, namethese people who ruled China during the Qing dynasty.", "answer": "Manchu people [or Manzu or Manju; or Jurchens; prompt on Chinese; do not accept or prompt on \"Qing people\"]", "page": "Manchu_people", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122471, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131228, "tokenizations": [[0, 70], [71, 146], [146, 147], [148, 276], [277, 372], [373, 498], [499, 537], [538, 597], [598, 719], [720, 792]], "first_sentence": "A writing system for people of this ethnicity was developed by Erdeni.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "TPHA and FTA-ABS may be supported by a form of this technique to detect Treponema pallidum, thecausative agent of syphilis. Biological samples are stabilized by cryofixation prior to undergoing a form ofthis technique. DAPI staining is performed before a kind of this technique that takes advantage ofimmunofluorescence. Live cell imaging uses a form of this technique incorporating time-lapsephotography. Antonie van (*) Leeuwenhoek popularized this technique, as did the coiner of the word \"cell,\"Robert Hooke. In a simple form of this technique, a drop of sample is placed on a slide then covered with acoverslip. For 10 points, name this technique that comes in fluorescent, electron, and light varieties, whichmagnifies biological objects too small to see.", "answer": "microscopy [accept word forms; or electron microscopy; or EM; or fluorescent microscopy; or light microscopy; or dark-field microscopy]", "page": "Electron_microscope", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122470, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131229, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 218], [219, 320], [321, 405], [406, 419], [419, 512], [513, 616], [617, 761]], "first_sentence": "TPHA and FTA-ABS may be supported by a form of this technique to detect Treponema pallidum, thecausative agent of syphilis.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of these events unfolded after the newspaper Bessarabetz published a story about a girl whocommitted suicide in a hospital. The Black Hundreds enthusiastically participated in these events. In hisbook Two Hundred Years Together, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn controversially asserts that these events arosespontaneously, and Nikolai Ignatyev claimed that reducing them was the aim of passing the (*) MayLaws. They happened in Kishinev in 1903 and in Odessa multiple times, and were especially common in the Pale ofSettlement during the reign of Alexander III. These events were often sparked by allegations of blood libel, whereinthe targets supposedly used Christian blood to bake Passover bread. For 10 points, name these organized massacresof Jews.", "answer": "Russian pogroms [accept things like killing Jews or violence against Jews until the end]", "page": "Anti-Jewish_pogroms_in_the_Russian_Empire", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122469, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131230, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 193], [194, 405], [406, 556], [557, 694], [695, 748]], "first_sentence": "One of these events unfolded after the newspaper Bessarabetz published a story about a girl whocommitted suicide in a hospital.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Nitroso or nitrone compounds \"trap\" this quantity by forming an adduct measured in EPRspectroscopy. This quantity is high for octahedral complexes with low splitting energy. Coupling of thisquantity makes doublets and triplets with peak ratios given by Pascal's triangle. This quantity allowsmolecular orbitals to be antisymmetric. In NMR, a magnetic field (*) \"flips\" this quantity. Hund's rule ofmaximum multiplicity says that atoms maximize the total amount of this quantity. A single-barbed arrow representsthis vector quantity in configuration diagrams. Two electrons in the same orbital must have the opposite value forthis quantity by the Pauli exclusion principle. For 10 points, name this measure of intrinsic angular momentum.", "answer": "spin [do not accept or prompt on \"angular momentum\"]", "page": "Spin_(physics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122468, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131231, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 173], [174, 271], [272, 331], [332, 383], [384, 478], [479, 558], [559, 672], [673, 736]], "first_sentence": "Nitroso or nitrone compounds \"trap\" this quantity by forming an adduct measured in EPRspectroscopy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character is deeply affected by the performance of a barbershop quartet called the Four-EyedBastards at his eighteenth anniversary party. He has a vision of \"Adam and Eve in the golden depths\"while staring at a pair of boots taken from Roland Weary, who later convinces Paul Lazzaro to kill thischaracter. This character attends the Ilium School of Optometry and marries Valencia Merble after he isreleased from the mental hospital where (*) Eliot Rosewater introduces him to the novels of Kilgore Trout, andhe has a child with Montana Wildhack after being abducted by aliens from Tralfamadore. For 10 points, name thischaracter who survives the firebombing of Dresden and becomes \"unstuck in time\", the protagonist of KurtVonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five.", "answer": "Billy Pilgrim [accept either underlined portion] ", "page": "Billy_Pilgrim", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122467, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131232, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 310], [311, 446], [447, 599], [600, 759]], "first_sentence": "This character is deeply affected by the performance of a barbershop quartet called the Four-EyedBastards at his eighteenth anniversary party.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "To protect the Iazyges, this emperor ordered the construction of a fortification system called the Devil'sDykes. One of the best examples of spolia, or the reusing of earlier sculptural reliefs, is this emperor'striumphal arch next to the Colosseum. For unclear reasons, this man ordered his wife Fausta to besuffocated in an overheated bath. At the battle of Chrysopolis, this ruler, the first to use the (*) labarum,prevailed over his rival Licinius. This man gazed skyward and saw the phrase \"In this sign, you shall conquer,\"inspiring him to adopt the Chi-Rho standard to victory over Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge. This manbuilt his new capital on the site of ancient Byzantium. For 10 points, name this first Christian Roman emperor.", "answer": "Constantine the Great [or Constantine I; or Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus] ", "page": "Constantine_the_Great", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122466, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131233, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 249], [250, 342], [343, 452], [453, 631], [632, 695], [696, 751]], "first_sentence": "To protect the Iazyges, this emperor ordered the construction of a fortification system called the Devil'sDykes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In 2000, a sanctuary for these creatures was established on the Coromandel peninsula. Eco-activistPhilip Anderton faked the death of one of these creatures to inspire outrage against the pesticide 1080,which has little effect on them. A giant one of these creatures was carved in chalk on Sling Hill in Englandby visiting soldiers. These creatures, the smallest ratites, include a small brown-colored population whichoutlasted a now-extinct eagle in the Haast area. The (*) tokoeka and rowi are varieties of these birds, which aredistantly related to the predatory moa which once walked the same islands. Cloaks made from them were describedby James Cook. For 10 points, name these enormous-egged flightless birds, whose name is also used to refer tohuman New Zealanders. ", "answer": "kiwi birds", "page": "Kiwi", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122465, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131234, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 234], [235, 331], [332, 465], [466, 604], [605, 655], [656, 771]], "first_sentence": "In 2000, a sanctuary for these creatures was established on the Coromandel peninsula.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "From classical times through the 19th century, the main source of this substance in Europe wasAlmaden in Spain. This substance is at the bottom of cells in which the Castner-Kellner process isperformed, in which it serves as a cathode. This substance was used along with saltwater in vats for the\"patio process\" to extract silver ores at sites in New Spain such as Potosi. A bond between it and sulfurexists in each molecule of the preservative (*) thimerosal, and it also exists bonded to sulfur in the ore cinnabar.Qin Shi Huangdi allegedly died by taking pills of this substance to extend his lifespan. For 10 points, name thismetal, the only one which is liquid at room temperature.", "answer": "mercury [or Hg; or quicksilver; prompt on amalgam]", "page": "Mercury_(mythology)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122464, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131235, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 235], [236, 372], [373, 517], [517, 605], [606, 686]], "first_sentence": "From classical times through the 19th century, the main source of this substance in Europe wasAlmaden in Spain.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The speaker of Percy Shelley's \"To a Lady, with a Guitar\" compares himself to this character, whodelivers an epilogue in which he is \"echoed by the prompter\" in W.H. Auden's The Sea and the Mirror.The actor playing this character is instructed to use a \"quainte device\" to make food disappear during abanquet. This character mentions a \"sea-change / into something rich and strange\" in a speech thatbegins with the line (*) \"Full fathom five thy father lies\", given to convince another character of Alonso's death ina shipwreck. This character was trapped in a pine by Sycorax, and was freed by a character who rewards him formatchmaking Ferdinand and Miranda. For 10 points, name this servant of Prospero, a spirit who causes the titlestorm of Shakespeare's The Tempest.", "answer": "Ariel", "page": "Ariel_(The_Tempest)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122463, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131236, "tokenizations": [[0, 197], [197, 309], [310, 528], [529, 660], [661, 771]], "first_sentence": "The speaker of Percy Shelley's \"To a Lady, with a Guitar\" compares himself to this character, whodelivers an epilogue in which he is \"echoed by the prompter\" in W.H. Auden's The Sea and the Mirror.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Tur Halakhic law code developed in this present-day country outlined divisions of law thatcorrespond to each of the four rows of jewels on the priestly breastplate. A rabbi born in this countrydeclared giving money out of pity to be the lowest form of charity, and articulated thirteen principles offaith. The Xueta community of crypto-Jews arose in this country, the birthplace of the author who traveledthroughout the Middle East before writing his namesake (*) Mishnah Torah. Jews living in this countrydeveloped the language Ladino, and were called \"marranos\" after converting to Christianity. Most Sephardiccommunities developed in this country. For 10 points, name this country, from where Jews were expelled in 1492via the Alhambra Decree issued by Ferdinand and Isabella. ", "answer": "Spain [or Espana; or Kingdom of Spain; or Reino de Espana]", "page": "Spain", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122462, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131237, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 309], [310, 482], [483, 601], [602, 654], [655, 783]], "first_sentence": "The Tur Halakhic law code developed in this present-day country outlined divisions of law thatcorrespond to each of the four rows of jewels on the priestly breastplate.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Because it was deteriorating, one of these things was replaced by its artist after Steven Cohen boughtthe work for $8 million in 2004. These creatures dominate the bottom of an 1899 painting where the words\"Anna - Key West\" can be read. One of these things, preserved in formaldehyde, comprises DamienHirst's The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living. A man standing in front ofMorro Castle drives a (*) spear down towards one of these things in a 1778 painting. These creatures can be seenin the foreground while a water spout swells ominously behind the black man in Winslow Homer's The Gulf Stream.For 10 points, name these sea creatures, one of which is about to eat Brook Watson in Havana harbor in a JohnSingleton Copley painting.", "answer": "sharks [or tiger sharks; prompt on installation before \"creatures\"; prompt on first-line buzzes of animal carcasses or animal corpses] ", "page": "Shark", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122461, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131238, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 236], [237, 375], [376, 486], [487, 625], [625, 760]], "first_sentence": "Because it was deteriorating, one of these things was replaced by its artist after Steven Cohen boughtthe work for $8 million in 2004.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The ratio of two isotopes of this element is calibrated using troilite from the Canyon Diablo Meteorite.This element's namesake cycle begins with assimilative and dissimilative reduction from organic materialuntil it is re-incorporated into organic matter. The removal of this element from fossil fuels can be donewith the Claus process. A column of superheated water is used to extract this element in the (*) Fraschprocess. It is found bonded to lead in the mineral galena. An acid of this element is often naturally formed byweathering pyrite; along with nitric acid, that acid is the principal component of acid rain. For 10 points, name thiselement that is responsible for the smell of brimstone and whose odor is reminiscent of rotten eggs.", "answer": "sulfur [or S] ", "page": "Sulfur", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122460, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131239, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [104, 256], [257, 337], [338, 425], [426, 475], [476, 621], [622, 746]], "first_sentence": "The ratio of two isotopes of this element is calibrated using troilite from the Canyon Diablo Meteorite.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the penultimate chapter of this novel, the author remarks that camaraderie is \"seldom superaddedto love between the sexes,\" but when it is present, it produces love that \"many waters cannot quench.\"The protagonist of this novel wipes away a message on a coffin indicating that both a woman and a childare within it. In this novel, a character helps put out a barn fire, after which he is advised to work atWeatherbury Farm. A soldier in this novel conceives a child with the poor girl (*) Fanny Robin and isthought to be dead at sea until he appears at a party where he is shot by Boldwood. Its protagonist gives up his farmafter his sheep dog chases his sheep off a cliff. For 10 points, name this Thomas Hardy novel in which BathshebaEverdene marries Gabriel Oak.", "answer": "Far From the Madding Crowd", "page": "Far_from_the_Madding_Crowd", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122459, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131240, "tokenizations": [[0, 318], [319, 426], [427, 593], [594, 676], [677, 768]], "first_sentence": "In the penultimate chapter of this novel, the author remarks that camaraderie is \"seldom superaddedto love between the sexes,\" but when it is present, it produces love that \"many waters cannot quench.\"The protagonist of this novel wipes away a message on a coffin indicating that both a woman and a childare within it.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A photo taken during this war depicts a soldier marching with a flag and is entitled The Yomper. Thiswar effectively came to an end when Mount Tumbledown was captured after a day of trench warfare. Thiswar's main theater began with an amphibious landing at San Carlos Water and a paratroop attack on thetown of Goose Green. The ship (*) General Belgrano was controversially sunk in international waters during thiswar, which resulted in the collapse of Leopold Galteri's military government. The South Georgia Islands wererecaptured in the early stages of this war. It temporarily increased the popularity of Margaret Thatcher'sgovernment. For 10 points, name this 1980s war between Britain and Argentina over a group of disputed islands inthe South Atlantic.", "answer": "Falklands War", "page": "Falklands_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122458, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131241, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 197], [198, 323], [324, 336], [337, 491], [492, 565], [566, 639], [640, 759]], "first_sentence": "A photo taken during this war depicts a soldier marching with a flag and is entitled The Yomper.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A common ore of this element consisting of its various oxide-hydroxides is limonite. Shales and chertsalternate with minerals rich in this element in namesake banded formations of Precambrian age. A silicateof this element is fayalite, which is an endmember of the olivine group. This element commonlysubstitutes for magnesium in minerals that are solid solutions, including olivine. Bacteria that oxidize thiselement, such as Gallionella, are a common fouling organism in wells and create a (*) reddish-brown ororange-ish slime. The inner core consists primarily of nickel and this element. A sulfide of this element is pyrite andits most common ore is hematite. For 10 points, name this common magnetic metal in the Earth's crust, which haschemical symbol Fe.", "answer": "iron [or Fe until it is read] ", "page": "Iron", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122457, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131242, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 196], [197, 279], [280, 383], [384, 529], [530, 591], [592, 663], [664, 761]], "first_sentence": "A common ore of this element consisting of its various oxide-hydroxides is limonite.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author created a character who imagines a \"phantom salutation of the dead\" as he stands \"in themiddle of the road / Like Roland's ghost winding a silent horn\". Another of this man's characters\"dreams of Thebes and Camelot / And Priam's neighbors\" in a poem that describes how he \"mournedRomance, now on the town / And Art, a vagrant\". A man climbs a hill to drink from a jug and talk tohimself in his poem \"Mr. (*) Flood's Party\", which like many of his short lyrics was set in the fictional TilburyTown. A \"gentleman from sole to crown\" who \"glittered when he walked\" chooses a calm summer night toinexplicably \"put a bullet through his head\" in this man's most famous poem. For 10 points, name this Americanpoet of \"Miniver Cheevy\" and \"Richard Cory\".", "answer": "Edwin Arlington Robinson", "page": "Edwin_Arlington_Robinson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122456, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131243, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 164], [165, 228], [229, 318], [319, 339], [340, 509], [510, 680], [681, 758]], "first_sentence": "This author created a character who imagines a \"phantom salutation of the dead\" as he stands \"in themiddle of the road /", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poet described himself being carried \"from out our bourne of Time and Place\" in a poem thatdescribes waters \"Too full for sound and foam.\" In that poem, this author noted that after \"Twilight andevening bell\" comes \"the dark,\" and hoped that \"there be no sadness of farewell\" after his death. Thispoet penned the lines \"Sunset and evening star, and one clear call for me!\" in a poem that describesseeing \"my (*) Pilot face to face\" at his death. \"All the world wondered\" at the subjects of a poem by this manthat begins \"Half a league, half a league, half a league onward\" and describes six hundred soldiers riding \"into thevalley of Death.\" For 10 points, name this British poet of \"Crossing the Bar\" and \"The Charge of the LightBrigade.\"", "answer": "Alfred, Lord Tennyson [or Alfred Tennyson]", "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122455, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131244, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 297], [298, 377], [378, 450], [451, 646], [647, 744]], "first_sentence": "This poet described himself being carried \"from out our bourne of Time and Place\" in a poem thatdescribes waters \"Too full for sound and foam.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The \"Titeux dancer\" sculpture from this period is one of thousands uncovered in the town ofTanagra. A sculpture from this period discovered by French consul Charles Champoiseau originallyoverlooked the Sanctuary of the Great Gods. Another sculpture from this period was attributed by Plinythe Elder to Athanodoros, Hagesandros, and (*) Polydoros of Rhodes, although he inaccurately claims that itwas made from one block of marble. That sculpture shows a Trojan and his family in contorted poses beingdevoured by serpents, possibly for realizing that the Trojan horse was a ruse. For 10 points, name this period of arthistory which produced the Winged Victory of Samothrace and the Laoco\u00c3\u00b6n group, and began with the conquests ofAlexander the Great.", "answer": "Hellenistic period [prompt on Ancient Greek; do not accept classical or Hellenic]", "page": "Hellenistic_period", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122454, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131245, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 230], [231, 331], [332, 430], [431, 578], [579, 748]], "first_sentence": "The \"Titeux dancer\" sculpture from this period is one of thousands uncovered in the town ofTanagra.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Spin-aligned electrons tunnel into the \"free layer\" in a form of magnetoresistive RAM named for thisquantity. In a noninertial reference frame, this quantity equals a time derivative in the body frame, plusomega-cross-L in the noninertial frame. The product of current, magnetic field, and the area of the loop ofwire gives this quantity, if the field is oriented perpendicular to the loop. Precession is either (*) \"induced\"or \"free\" of this quantity. The sum of this quantity for the system equals moment of inertia times angularacceleration. For a pulley, this quantity equals the tension in the rope times the radius of the disk. For 10 points,name this quantity that equals force cross distance, and which causes rotational motion if it's nonzero.", "answer": "torque [or tau; or T] ", "page": "Torque", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122453, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131246, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 245], [246, 390], [391, 452], [453, 544], [545, 633], [634, 752]], "first_sentence": "Spin-aligned electrons tunnel into the \"free layer\" in a form of magnetoresistive RAM named for thisquantity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A former senator from this state helped get John Yettaw out of prison, after Yettaw trespassed on theestate where Aung San Suu Kyi was under house arrest. The sudden June 2014 resignation of DemocratPhilip Puckett from its State Senate ended a 20-20 partisan deadlock. Libertarian Bob Sarvis got 6.5% ofthe vote against its current governor, who oversaw a failed factory in Mississippi as chairman of theelectric car company (*) GreenTech Automotive. From 2007 to 2013, a Democrat and former Marine named JimWebb was one of its senators. Recent Democratic gains in this state's suburban north led to narrow losses forRepublicans Ed Gillespie and Ken Cuccinelli. For 10 points, what \"swing state\" governed by Terry McAuliffe isrepresented in the Senate by Mark Warner?", "answer": "Virginia", "page": "Virginia", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122452, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131247, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 268], [269, 426], [426, 450], [451, 537], [538, 661], [662, 767]], "first_sentence": "A former senator from this state helped get John Yettaw out of prison, after Yettaw trespassed on theestate where Aung San Suu Kyi was under house arrest.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer's fifth symphony was originally in four movements but he fused the first two togetherfor the final version. That symphony closes with six tutti chords separated by silence and opens with ahorn call in E-flat. His violin concerto opens with the orchestral violins playing muted D minor arpeggiosand is the only concerto he ever wrote. His seventh and last symphony, which includes a theme named forhis wife (*) Aino, is in only one movement and in C major. He used the English horn to depict a bird swimmingthrough the underworld in \"The Swan of Tuonela\". His most frequently-performed symphony is his D majorsecond, often considered a nationalist statement inspired by his Scandinavian homeland. For 10 points, name thiscomposer of Finlandia.", "answer": "Jean Sibelius ", "page": "Jean_Sibelius", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122451, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131248, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 222], [223, 347], [348, 469], [470, 568], [569, 709], [710, 756]], "first_sentence": "This composer's fifth symphony was originally in four movements but he fused the first two togetherfor the final version.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This organization was designed during a secret meeting on Jekyll Island held between Nelson Aldrichand leading businessmen. In 2007, this organization introduced a temporary program called the TermAuction Facility that released short term funds to anonymous bidders. This organization's policy is set byits namesake Open Market Committee that includes the Board of Governors, the governor of its (*) NewYork branch, and 4 of its remaining 11 branch governors. This institution uses the discount window and, under itsfirst female leader, has introduced quantitative easing to help achieve its dual-mandate of maximum employmentand stable prices. For 10 points, name this Janet Yellen-led U.S. central bank that is independent from the Treasury.", "answer": "The Federal Reserve System", "page": "Federal_Reserve_System", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122450, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131249, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 266], [267, 459], [460, 644], [645, 743]], "first_sentence": "This organization was designed during a secret meeting on Jekyll Island held between Nelson Aldrichand leading businessmen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Massachusetts Bay governor William Shirley failed to placate thousands of people protesting thispractice. Trinity House offered protections against all but the \"hot\" type of this practice, which escalatedat the county level through the passage of the 1795 Quota Acts. An urban legend states that this practicewas accomplished by depositing a king's shilling in a man's ale glass. Like (*) penal transportation, it has itslegal basis in the Vagrancy Act of 1597. Four men were subject to this practice in the Chesapeake-Leopard affair,prompting Thomas Jefferson to sign the retaliatory Embargo Act. This practice was carried out by men in \"pressgangs\" and was a key cause of the War of 1812. For 10 points, name this practice of forcing sailors to man Britishwarships.", "answer": "naval impressment [or word forms, such as impressing; accept answers indicating being pressed into service; prompt on naval recruitment; do not accept or prompt on \"shanghaiing\"]", "page": "Impressment", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122449, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131250, "tokenizations": [[0, 105], [106, 267], [268, 379], [380, 461], [462, 597], [598, 690], [691, 767]], "first_sentence": "Massachusetts Bay governor William Shirley failed to placate thousands of people protesting thispractice.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The LRL vector is usually scaled by the namesake vector of this quantity. This quantity equals thesquare root of 1 plus two times the energy times angular momentum squared over the mass times Big Gsquared. This quantity multiplies the sine of its namesake anomaly, then is subtracted from that anomaly,in order to calculate the mean anomaly. For Earth, this quantity is approximately 0.016. This quantitymultiplies the cosine of the angle to the point of (*) closest approach in the denominator of a mathematicaldescription of Kepler's First Law. The nonzero value for this quantity explains why the time between equinoxes isnot equal. For 10 points, name this quantity which represents the ratio of focal length and semimajor axis length foran elliptical orbit, symbolized epsilon.", "answer": " eccentricity [or epsilon until it is read]", "page": "Eccentricity_(mathematics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122448, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131251, "tokenizations": [[0, 73], [74, 205], [206, 341], [342, 390], [391, 546], [547, 635], [636, 782]], "first_sentence": "The LRL vector is usually scaled by the namesake vector of this quantity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A popular legend recounts how this man drew inspiration from seeing a spider spin a web while he hidin a cave on Rathlin Island. Pope Clement V excommunicated this rival of John \"the Red\" Comyn, whosupported the overthrow of a king nicknamed \"empty coat\" for the ripping-off of his seal after the Battleof Dunbar. The kingship of this successor to John Balliol was the subject of a letter directed to Pope JohnXXII, called the Declaration of (*) Arbroath. This man's sovereignty was recognized by the Treaty ofNorthampton. Near the River Forth, this man defeated a force attempting to relieve a siege of Stirling Castle andwon a decisive victory over Edward II at the Battle of Bannockburn. For 10 points, name this king who won theFirst War of Scottish Independence.", "answer": "Robert I [or Robert the Bruce; or Robert Brus; or Roibert a Briuis; or Robert de Bruys; or Raibeart Bruis; prompt on Robert]", "page": "Robert_the_Bruce", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122447, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131252, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 313], [314, 455], [456, 522], [523, 537], [538, 690], [691, 767]], "first_sentence": "A popular legend recounts how this man drew inspiration from seeing a spider spin a web while he hidin a cave on Rathlin Island.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A benign Warthin tumor may form in a structure that produces this substance. An elevated level ofcortisol in this substance at midnight indicates Cushing's syndrome. The painkiller opiorphin was isolatedfrom this substance. Its production decreases in xerostomia. The bird genus Aerodramus, which lives inrural China, creates its nests out of this substance. HHV-6, the causative agent of roseola, is transmittedsolely through this substance, and (*) mononucleosis gets its nickname from being transmitted in it. Thesubmandibular, sublingual, and parotid glands secrete this liquid, which transforms food into a bolus and begins theprocess of digesting starch. For 10 points, name this mostly watery liquid found in the mouths of humans.", "answer": "saliva [prompt on spittle]", "page": "Saliva", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122446, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131253, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 165], [166, 223], [224, 263], [264, 358], [359, 512], [513, 660], [661, 737]], "first_sentence": "A benign Warthin tumor may form in a structure that produces this substance.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The protagonist of a novel from this country encounters Marenda, who has a deformed arm, Lydia,with whom he has an affair, and the ghost of an author from this country who wrote the symbolist epicMessage. The protagonist of another novel from this country befriends the \"dog of tears\". Another novelby the same writer from this country opens with an election in which 83% of people cast (*) blank ballots. Apoet from this country wrote under many \"heteronyms\", including one reused by an author who wrote a novel inwhich the Doctor's Wife stabs the King of Ward 3 and is the only one not afflicted with the title condition. For 10points, name this home of Fernando Pessoa and the author of The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis and Blindness, Jos\u00c3\u00a9Saramago.", "answer": "Portugal [or the Portuguese Republic; or the Rep\u00c3\u00bablica Portuguesa] ", "page": "Portugal", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122445, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131254, "tokenizations": [[0, 204], [205, 285], [286, 405], [406, 623], [624, 757]], "first_sentence": "The protagonist of a novel from this country encounters Marenda, who has a deformed arm, Lydia,with whom he has an affair, and the ghost of an author from this country who wrote the symbolist epicMessage.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Achates (uh-KAY-tees) and his best friend first arrive in this city enshrouded in a magical cloud. At abanquet held in this city, a man recounts tearing the branches of a tree, only to have dark blood spill out,since the tree was the spirit of Polydorus. Anna is the sister of the ruler of this city, which boasts a grandmural depicting the Trojan War. Two lovers first have sex in a cave outside this city where they take (*)shelter from the rain. Aeolus blows a fleet off course, causing it to end up on a shore near this city beloved by Juno.The ruler of this city, who had fled Tyre to establish a new homeland, throws herself onto a funeral pyre when shelearns that her lover is departing for Italy. For 10 points, name this North African city ruled by Dido in the Aeneid.", "answer": "Carthage ", "page": "Carthage", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122444, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131255, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 254], [255, 352], [353, 448], [449, 545], [545, 704], [705, 777]], "first_sentence": "Achates (uh-KAY-tees) and his best friend first arrive in this city enshrouded in a magical cloud.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One speech accused a politician of this surname of a \"common plan or draft\" drawn up with \"Franklinand Roger and James.\" A Supreme Court justice with this last name faced impeachment hearings in theSenate after he briefly stayed the execution of the Rosenbergs. He later wrote the majority opinionestablishing a right to privacy in Griswold v. Connecticut. A politician with this last name ran for Presidentwith running mate Herschel V. Johnson and devised the (*) Freeport Doctrine. That politician of this lastname, known as the \"Little Giant,\" engineered the Kansas-Nebraska Act during his time as a senator from Illinoisbefore the Civil War. For 10 points, give this surname of Stephen, a politician who engaged in seven debates withfuture president Abraham Lincoln. ", "answer": "Douglas [or William Orville Douglas; or Stephen Arnold Douglas] ", "page": "William_O._Douglas", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122443, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131256, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 261], [262, 356], [357, 483], [484, 645], [646, 770]], "first_sentence": "One speech accused a politician of this surname of a \"common plan or draft\" drawn up with \"Franklinand Roger and James.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A manifesto named for this city declared that the dynasty of Sultan al-Hakim was of Jewish descent andwas thus illegitimate. This city was the headquarters of an inquisition called the Mihna, which punishedopponents of the Mu'tazilite school. A family descended from Buddhist priests, the Barmakids, heldpower in this city. During an event in this city, a river here supposedly ran black with ink and its leaderwas rolled up in a carpet and (*) trampled by horses. The Banu Musa brothers and the mathematician alKhwarizmiworked in this city's House of Wisdom. Hulagu Khan sacked this city in 1258, ending its rule by adynasty that had included al-Mansur and Harun al-Rashid. For 10 points, name this capital of the Abbasid caliphateand of modern-day Iraq.", "answer": "Baghdad, Iraq", "page": "Baghdad", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122442, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131257, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 242], [243, 323], [324, 464], [465, 559], [560, 674], [675, 755]], "first_sentence": "A manifesto named for this city declared that the dynasty of Sultan al-Hakim was of Jewish descent andwas thus illegitimate.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one portrait, this artist painted his mistress Madeleine Knobloch powdering herself. A bassist withhis back to the viewer stands under leg-kicking dancers in his painting, Le Chahut (sha-oo). An acrobatdoes a backflip while a woman in yellow stands on a white horse in his unfinished Circus. His best-knownpainting hangs to the left of the three title nude women within his painting The Models. His (*) Bathers atAsnieres is set on the opposite riverbank from another painting now in the Art Institute of Chicago. That paintingfeatures a woman holding a monkey on a leash, and is painted using small dots that blur together when viewed froma distance. For 10 points, name this Pointillist artist of A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte.", "answer": "Georges Seurat", "page": "Georges_Seurat", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122441, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131258, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 194], [195, 294], [295, 397], [398, 516], [517, 654], [655, 754]], "first_sentence": "In one portrait, this artist painted his mistress Madeleine Knobloch powdering herself.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poet from this country wrote \"Generous reader / Burn this book\" in \"I Take Back Everything I'veSaid\", one of his anti-poems. Another poet from this country instructed \"You shall love beauty, which isthe shadow of God over the Universe\" in \"Decalogue of the Artist\" and included the line \"I will lower youto the humble and sunny ground\" in one of her Sonnets of (*) Death. A poem by an author from this countryrepeats \"It is the hour of departure\" and tells a \"Pale blind diver\" that \"In you, everything sank!\" A collection fromthis country concludes with the poem \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines.\" For 10 points, name this home ofNicanor Parra, Gabriela Mistral, and the author of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, Pablo Neruda.", "answer": "Chile [or the Republic of Chile; or Republica de Chile]", "page": "Chile", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122440, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131259, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 373], [374, 420], [420, 511], [512, 606], [607, 744]], "first_sentence": "A poet from this country wrote \"Generous reader / Burn this book\" in \"I Take Back Everything I'veSaid\", one of his anti-poems.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Neil Cohn studies works of this type from a linguistics perspective. William Gaines was asked about adepiction of a decapitated woman in a Senate investigation of these works led by Estes Kefauver. FredricWertham's book Seduction of the Innocent attacked these publications. A book titled for Understandingthem includes analyses by Scott McCloud. Guidelines such as \"in every (*) instance good shall triumph overevil\" were enforced by their namesake Code Authority. In part due to allegations that they promoted juveniledelinquency, the \"Golden Age\" of these publications ended in the 1950s. Jewish authors such as Jerry Siegel, JoeShuster, and Will Eisner all worked on them. For 10 points, name these publications that introduced The Spirit andSuperman.", "answer": " comic books [or comics; or superhero comics; or Golden Age comics; accept graphic novels during the first sentence; do not accept \"comic strips\"]", "page": "Comic_book", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122439, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131260, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 197], [198, 274], [275, 346], [347, 465], [466, 591], [592, 676], [677, 755]], "first_sentence": "Neil Cohn studies works of this type from a linguistics perspective.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "On intermediary days in Judaism, it is forbidden to deliver hesped during these events. In Islam, threefist-sized spheres are poured while reading Quranic verses during these events, which are called janazah.In Hinduism, the conductor of this ceremony sprinkles sesame seeds and rice, draws a line representingYama, and reminds attendees to go home and shower as soon as possible. The Prayer of Absolution inEastern Orthodoxy or the Absolute in Catholicism is said during this event. After this ceremony inJudaism, people (*) \"sit Shiva\" for seven days of sustained bereavement. This is the most frequent setting atwhich the Requiem Mass is sung. For 10 points, name these events, which in different religions usually culminatesin either cremation or burial of a corpse.", "answer": " funerals [accept burials before mention; accept cremations before mention; or janazah before mention; or antyesti]", "page": "Funeral", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122438, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131261, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 208], [208, 380], [381, 483], [484, 578], [579, 646], [647, 770]], "first_sentence": "On intermediary days in Judaism, it is forbidden to deliver hesped during these events.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A stock-broker from this city takes a train to Chicago with his suicidal cousin after that cousin's fianceis killed in a car crash. In this city, a janitor who frequently exclaims \"woo-ee!\" and a woman who appearsas Harlett O'Hara in a cockatoo-related striptease act both work at the Night of Joy Bar. A character fromthis city dresses as a pirate while running a hot dog stand. Binx Bolling lives in this city in Walker Percy'sThe (*) Moviegoer. A character from this city hates Greyhound Buses, organizes a strike at Levy Pants to impressMyrna Minkoff, and always wears a green felt hat. Ignatius J. Reilly lives in this city in John Kennedy Toole's AConfederacy of Dunces. For 10 points, name this Gulf Coast city in Louisiana.", "answer": "New Orleans, Louisiana", "page": "New_Orleans", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122437, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131262, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 302], [303, 379], [380, 447], [448, 590], [591, 676], [677, 731]], "first_sentence": "A stock-broker from this city takes a train to Chicago with his suicidal cousin after that cousin's fianceis killed in a car crash.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "These elements undergo oxidative additions and reductive eliminations. The sum of group number,charge, and the number of covalent and dative bonds is used to count electrons for these elements, andthat number adds up to around 18. The N plus L rule was formulated after observing that some of theseelements lose an electron from their valence shell to half-fill a (*) lower-energy shell. Most heterogeneouscatalysts are composed of these elements. The orbitals of these elements split according to crystal field theory,which explains why solutions of them are often colorful. Lewis bases coordinating these elements form octahedralcomplexes and are called ligands. For 10 points, name these elements with unfilled d orbitals, which occupy thecenter of the Periodic Table.", "answer": " transition metals [or transition elements; prompt on metals]", "page": "Transition_metal", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122436, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131263, "tokenizations": [[0, 70], [71, 230], [231, 387], [388, 447], [448, 575], [576, 664], [665, 771]], "first_sentence": "These elements undergo oxidative additions and reductive eliminations.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In many of these organisms, flagella are covered by lateral hairs called mastigonemes. Duringcytokinesis, some of these organisms form \"pit connections\" and \"pit plugs.\" A grouping of theseorganisms receives buoyancy from gas-filled structures called pneumatocysts (emphasize the \"U\" sound).Chlorophyte and charophyte ones possess both the a and b forms of chlorophyll. Most heterokonts arethese organisms. They produce the polysaccharide (*) agarose, and like Cyanobacteria, they can causediscolorations of water known as \"blooms.\" They range in size from the tiny phytoplankton diatoms to the massivegiant kelp. For 10 points, name these protists that come in brown, green, and red types.", "answer": " algae [prompt on protists; prompt on phytoplankton; accept heterokonts until mentioned; accept specific types of algae, such as brown algae or green algae or red algae] ", "page": "Algae", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122435, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131264, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 168], [168, 369], [370, 406], [407, 531], [531, 613], [614, 690]], "first_sentence": "In many of these organisms, flagella are covered by lateral hairs called mastigonemes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The carpenter Joseph Arne was awarded a triumph for his role in this event. Mayor Flesselles wasexecuted for refusing to aid this event's participants, some of whom were crushed to death trying to obtainarms from Les Invalides. Stanislas Maillard received a set of never accepted surrender terms during thisevent, for which artillery was wheeled in by Pierre-Augustin Hulin from the Hotel de Ville. Three daysbefore this event, Jacques (*) Necker was dismissed as finance minister. The Marquis de Sade was transferred toan insane asylum from its location just days before this event, which liberated only seven prisoners. For 10 points,name this event. commemorated on a July 14th holiday, traditionally held to have kicked off the French Revolution.", "answer": "storming of the Bastille [accept equivalents that involve taking the Bastille; prompt on French Revolution] ", "page": "Storming_of_the_Bastille", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122434, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131265, "tokenizations": [[0, 75], [76, 227], [228, 398], [399, 481], [482, 621], [622, 652], [653, 750]], "first_sentence": "The carpenter Joseph Arne was awarded a triumph for his role in this event.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A 1993 History of this topic, which rejected the rational view of it, was written by John Keegan. Afrequently-read summary of this activity by a subordinate of Michel Ney named Baron Jomini wasoutmoded by a book which described the differences between expectations and reality as \"friction.\" Anearly treatise about this thing puts \"desperate ground\" at the end of a list of Nine (*) Situations. The ideathat this practice is \"the continuation of politics by other means\" was put forward in the 19th century by Carl vonClausewitz, whose writings reacted to the rise of its \"total\" form. The maxim \"Know your enemy, and you shallknow yourself\" comes from a text about it. For 10 points, name this type of organized violence whose \"art\" wasdescribed by Sun Tzu.", "answer": " warfare [or military operations; prompt on military strategy or military tactics]", "page": "War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122433, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131266, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 290], [290, 394], [395, 585], [586, 669], [670, 758]], "first_sentence": "A 1993 History of this topic, which rejected the rational view of it, was written by John Keegan.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A family of this ethnicity gives all its jewelry to David Clancy in order to retrieve their son from customsofficials in \"In the Land of the Free\", a story by an author of this ethnicity who was born Edith MaudEaton. Grace and Steve take on mythological roles and eventually abandon Dale in a restaurant in a playby an author of this ethnicity who also wrote a play in which Rene Gallimard kills himself after his longtermlover reveals that he is male. The author of (*) F.O.B. and M. Butterfly is of this ethnicity, as is the authorof a novel in which June, Rose, Lena, and the chess prodigy Waverly are the daughters of a quartet of mahjongplayingwomen called the Joy Luck Club. For 10 points, identify this ethnicity of Sui Sin Far (\"sway\" sin far),David Henry Hwang, and Amy Tan.", "answer": " Chinese-American [or Chinese-British-American; or Chinese-British-Canadian; or Chinese-BritishCanadian-American]", "page": "Chinese_Americans", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122432, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131267, "tokenizations": [[0, 216], [217, 452], [453, 680], [681, 783]], "first_sentence": "A family of this ethnicity gives all its jewelry to David Clancy in order to retrieve their son from customsofficials in \"In the Land of the Free\", a story by an author of this ethnicity who was born Edith MaudEaton.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A naval commander decided to wait twenty-seven more days before leaving this island after seeing alunar eclipse. The hot-blooded Lamachus got his army trapped in a ditch on this island, whose defensewas galvanized by Gylippus. Distracted defenders of this island were attacked during a festival to Artemisby Marcus Claudius Marcellus, whose forces were supposedly stymied by a (*) death ray made with a giantmirror and a mechanical claw that could drag entire ships out of the water. Nicias was executed at the end of amilitary campaign against this island planned by Alcibiades. While drawing circles, Archimedes was killed by Romansoldiers on this island. For 10 points, name this island, the target of an Athenian \"expedition\" that failed to captureSyracuse.", "answer": "Sicily", "page": "Sicily", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122431, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131268, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 226], [227, 483], [484, 579], [580, 657], [658, 761]], "first_sentence": "A naval commander decided to wait twenty-seven more days before leaving this island after seeing alunar eclipse.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One event planned in this country intended to use a special cooling technology developed by theBritish firm Arup. Carnegie Mellon's first undergraduate branch campus opened in this country'sextensive Education City. This country gave a 3.4 million dollar bribe to the daughter of Ricardo Teixeirain order to secure a 2010 (*) vote in its favor from Brazil. As many as one Nepalese migrant dies per dayconstructing this country's Lusail City, which is being built in preparation for an event moved to wintertime by anorganization led by Sepp Blatter. The Al-Thani family rules this country where Al Jazeera is based. For 10 points,name this Middle East country slated to host the 2022 World Cup.", "answer": "State of Qatar", "page": "Qatar", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122430, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131269, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 215], [216, 356], [357, 549], [550, 615], [616, 694]], "first_sentence": "One event planned in this country intended to use a special cooling technology developed by theBritish firm Arup.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Once every twelve years in several of these structures, a ceremony is performed during which aheavenly silver wire enters a granite sculpture. Most of these structures follow an 8-by-8 or a 9-by-9 squaregrid plan. The inner sanctum of these places is known as the \"womb chamber,\" and is often directlyunderneath a spire called the vimana. The term (*) prasada refers to both these buildings and to therefreshments served inside them after services. People remove their shoes before entering these religious structures,which contain murtis, or idols, of deities like Lakshmi or Ganesh. For 10 points, name these places of worship forthe predominant religion in India. ", "answer": "Hindu temples [or mandirs; or prasada before mentioned; prompt on partial answer; accept Hindu after \"places of worship\" is read] ", "page": "Hindu_temple", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122429, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131270, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 213], [214, 338], [339, 448], [449, 584], [585, 666]], "first_sentence": "Once every twelve years in several of these structures, a ceremony is performed during which aheavenly silver wire enters a granite sculpture.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "For a group of sets of this type in the plane, if any three of the sets intersect, then they all intersect byHelly's Theorem. Two disjoint open sets of this type can always be separated by a hyperplane. Jensen'sinequality applies to functions described by this adjective, and basically states that a function's averagevalue across inputs is greater than that function of the average of the inputs. The smallest set of this typethat encloses a given set is known as that set's (*) \"hull\" of this type. A shape has this property if all linesegments between points in it remain in the figure. A function is described by this word if its second derivative ispositive. For 10 points, give this word that denotes polygons whose internal angles are all less than 180 degrees.", "answer": " convexity [accept any word forms]", "page": "Convex_polygon", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122428, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131271, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 202], [203, 397], [398, 500], [501, 589], [590, 663], [664, 768]], "first_sentence": "For a group of sets of this type in the plane, if any three of the sets intersect, then they all intersect byHelly's Theorem.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this author's protagonists becomes a blacksmith's apprentice after his friend Heilner isexpelled from the Maulbronn seminary, then later gets drunk and drowns in a river. Another of hisprotagonists plans to commit suicide at age fifty, but is delayed by a chance visit to the Black EagleTavern, where he learns to dance and meets his future lover Maria. The pressures of academia crush (*)Hans Giebenrath in one of this man's novels, while in another, a jazz saxophonist named Pablo takes theprotagonist to a hall of mirrors inside the Magic Theater. The title character of another of his novels abandons hisfriend Govinda and falls in love with the beautiful Kamala. For 10 points, name this German author who createdHarry Haller in Steppenwolf and wrote Siddhartha.", "answer": " Hermann Hesse", "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122427, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131272, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 360], [361, 557], [558, 674], [675, 774]], "first_sentence": "One of this author's protagonists becomes a blacksmith's apprentice after his friend Heilner isexpelled from the Maulbronn seminary, then later gets drunk and drowns in a river.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Chris Burden created an \"Other\" version of this artwork, while Diane Carlson Evans raised funds for awomen's version of it. 287 additions were made to this work after its completion, and Duery Felton, Jr.organized a collection of objects left next to it. Viewers must walk down a slight grade to approach thiswork, whose two main components combine to form a \"V\" shape and are made from gabbro. The artistlater created a similar sculpture for (*) Montgomery, Alabama's Civil Rights Museum. This sculpture isaccompanied by Frederick Hart's The Three Soldiers. During its construction, a Purple Heart was thrown into theconcrete foundation. For 10 points, name this Maya Lin-designed memorial to American soldiers killed in an Asianconflict.", "answer": " Vietnam Veterans Memorial [or Vietnam Wall or Vietnam War Memorial]", "page": "Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122426, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131273, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 254], [255, 394], [395, 489], [490, 558], [559, 638], [639, 739]], "first_sentence": "Chris Burden created an \"Other\" version of this artwork, while Diane Carlson Evans raised funds for awomen's version of it.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The run-time of this procedure is measured by k, the clearing factor. Cesium chloride is used in theisopycnic form of this procedure, enabling identification of the AT to GC base pair ratio. A buffered tissuesample may be blended to homogenize the solution before performing the \"ultra\" type of this technique.Ribosomal subunits are distinguished based on their values for a parameter in this technique measured in(*) Svedberg units. This step of the cell fractionation process sediments a solution into a pellet and a supernatantand is often performed at 1200 rpm. For 10 points, name this technique in which a namesake machine separatescellular components by size or density by spinning it at a high angular velocity.", "answer": "centrifugation [or word forms such as centrifuge; prompt on spinning down; prompt on sedimentation until it is read] ", "page": "Centrifugation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122425, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131274, "tokenizations": [[0, 69], [70, 190], [191, 310], [310, 433], [434, 565], [566, 719]], "first_sentence": "The run-time of this procedure is measured by k, the clearing factor.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This composer's fifth symphony includes a frequently omitted part for the rare serpent instrument.He's not Hector Berlioz, but the second movement of his fourth symphony is sometimes described as a\"Pilgrim's March.\" The four movements of this composer's A minor third symphony are all performedwithout a break in between. The finale of his fifth symphony begins with a solo flute quoting the chorale A(*) Mighty Fortress Is Our God. This composer's A major fourth symphony ends with an A minor saltarello, while histhird symphony was inspired by the same trip that produced his Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, name thiscomposer of the Reformation, Scottish, and Italian symphonies, and incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream", "answer": " Felix Mendelssohn [Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy] ", "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122424, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131275, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [98, 215], [216, 321], [322, 401], [401, 432], [433, 596], [597, 733]], "first_sentence": "This composer's fifth symphony includes a frequently omitted part for the rare serpent instrument.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Rebecca Mead describes identifying with this character at age 17 in a book titled My Life In the novelin which this character appears. After encountering this character dressed in grey and lost in thought infront of the Sleeping Ariadne in the Vatican, Naumann paints a portrait of her as Santa Clara. Thiswoman's interest in improving the cottages of nearby tenant farmers attracts the interest of JamesChettam, who eventually marries her sister Celie. Her desire to help her husband research The (*) Key toAll Mythologies is rebuffed, and despite being disinherited by that husband, she marries Will Ladislaw after his death.For 10 points, name this woman who comes to regret having married Reverend Edward Casaubon in GeorgeEliot's Middlemarch.", "answer": "Dorothea Brooke [accept either underlined portion] ", "page": "Middlemarch", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122423, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131276, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 134], [135, 301], [302, 453], [454, 493], [494, 627], [627, 747]], "first_sentence": "Rebecca Mead describes identifying with this character at age 17 in a book titled My Life", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Sets of these objects are classified as basic, alternative, or definitive by the Humphrey-Parkes system.These structures are found along the alar tract. Some of these objects contain thin segments calledbarbules organized around a rachis. Diogenes Laertius claimed that Socrates defined man as a bipedwithout any of these objects. Three white ones appear in the heraldic symbol of the (*) prince of Wales.These objects, a prized trade good in the Aztec empire, can be cut or fitted with metal to create a nib. Recent fossildiscoveries suggest that theropod dinosaurs had these features even earlier than the first discovered fossil of one onArchaeopteryx. For 10 points, name these biological structures which can be made into quill pens.", "answer": " feathers [or plumes; accept plumages until \"barbules\"]", "page": "Feather", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122422, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131277, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [104, 152], [153, 238], [239, 330], [331, 405], [405, 509], [510, 655], [656, 738]], "first_sentence": "Sets of these objects are classified as basic, alternative, or definitive by the Humphrey-Parkes system.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Hesiod reports that the men of the Golden Age lived in the air after undergoing this action, whereasthe men of the Silver Age stayed on the ground. Athena changes her mind about performing it on Tydeuswhen she saw him devour the brains of Melanippus. Metanira interrupts an instance of this action bystumbling upon her son Demophon inside the family hearth. This action is performed on a man whobecame a cicada because (*) Eos forgets to request eternal youth. Peleus interrupts the best-known instance ofthis action, which alternately takes the form of Thetis anointing her son with ambrosia and placing him atop a fire,or by dipping him in the river Styx. For 10 points, name this action that is nearly completely conferred uponAchilles, save for his heel.", "answer": "mortals becoming immortal [or men becoming gods; or deification; or becoming invulnerable, accept synonyms]", "page": "Apotheosis", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122421, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131278, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 205], [206, 250], [251, 357], [358, 460], [461, 657], [658, 758]], "first_sentence": "Hesiod reports that the men of the Golden Age lived in the air after undergoing this action, whereasthe men of the Silver Age stayed on the ground.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author modeled several characters on the real Father Trevor Huddleston. One character with thatname is in a novel that begins with the arrest of an Indian headmaster's daughter named Prem at a libraryand depicts the start of the Defiance Campaign. Another novel by this author was adapted by Kurt Weilland Maxwell Anderson into the musical Lost in the (*) Stars. In that novel by this author, a man stays with theHarrisons and learns about his son's social justice work, which eventually leads to the farming expert NapoleonLetsitsi being sent to help Ndotsheni by James Jarvis. For 10 points, name this author of the novel Ah, But YourLand Is Beautiful, who wrote about a journey taken by Stephen Kumalo to Johannesberg in Cry, the Beloved Country.", "answer": " Alan Paton [or Alan Stewart Paton]", "page": "Alan_Paton", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122420, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131279, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 252], [253, 367], [368, 583], [584, 628], [629, 754]], "first_sentence": "This author modeled several characters on the real Father Trevor Huddleston.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This initiative was motivated by the three separate setbacks its proponent learned about on a lesserknownBlack Monday. This initiative prompted the vice president to hold his nose and give a thumbsdown on the Senate floor. New officials called \"proctors\" were proposed in this initiative, which wassecretly prepared by Attorney General Homer Cummings. Owen Roberts is credited with (*) defeating thisinitiative by choosing not to side with the so-called \"Four Horsemen.\" Three weeks after this initiative wasdiscussed in the ninth fireside chat, a minimum wage law in Washington was upheld in West Coast Hotel v. Parrishthanks to \"the switch in time that saved nine.\" For 10 points each, identify this failed plan by Franklin D. Rooseveltto add six new Supreme Court justices.", "answer": " Franklin Roosevelt's court-packing scheme [or Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937; accept answers that convey packing the court]", "page": "Judicial_Procedures_Reform_Bill_of_1937", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122419, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131280, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 222], [223, 351], [352, 470], [471, 667], [668, 776]], "first_sentence": "This initiative was motivated by the three separate setbacks its proponent learned about on a lesserknownBlack Monday.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man claimed the morality of action depends on the merit of that action's motive, which in turndepends on the action's merit, in his \"circle argument.\" One of this man's characters pointed out theproblem of infinite regress in first cause theory in his attack on the cosmological argument. This creator ofPhilo and Cleathes divided statements into relations of ideas and matters of fact and formulated the (*)copy principle. This man created a thought experiment that contradicted his theory that ideas are derived fromimpressions. This man posited a missing shade of blue and warned against deriving an \"ought\" from an \"is\" in hisTreatise of Human Nature. For 10 points, name this author of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, a Scottishempiricist philosopher.", "answer": "David Hume", "page": "David_Hume", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122418, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131281, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [154, 293], [294, 428], [429, 535], [536, 660], [661, 772]], "first_sentence": "This man claimed the morality of action depends on the merit of that action's motive, which in turndepends on the action's merit, in his \"circle argument.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "On this island, Barghash bin Said built a palace with electricity and an elevator, the House of Wonders.This island's rulers employed the ivory and slave trader Tippu Tip. With the support of the ASP YouthLeague, John Okello declared himself Field Marshall and massacred this island's Arabs during its 1964revolution. Henry Rawson bombarded this island for 38 minutes before it surrendered during the shortestwar in history. Like nearby (*) Mafia Island and Pemba Island, this island is called a \"spice island\" for itsproduction of cloves. Until the late 19th century, this island's namesake sultanate controlled the nearby city ofMombasa. Julius Nyerere unified this island with the Republic of Tanganyika. For 10 points, name this largest islandin Tanzania.", "answer": " Zanzibar [or Unjuga]", "page": "Zanzibar", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122417, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131282, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [104, 171], [172, 317], [318, 424], [425, 539], [540, 639], [640, 707], [708, 759]], "first_sentence": "On this island, Barghash bin Said built a palace with electricity and an elevator, the House of Wonders.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In reactions, metal aquo complexes act as these species. These species are in the numerator of alphafractions. In organic chemistry, these compounds activate electrophiles like carbonyls or alkyl halides.KHP serves this role in reactions. These compounds dehydrate sugars to pure carbon. The inductive effectexplains why nearby electronegative groups increase the (*) strength of these compounds. The \"mineral\" typeof these compounds are inorganic. Ammonium chloride and ferric chloride act as these species. The strength ofthese compounds varies inversely with their pKas. In reactions, they are often written as \"HA.\" For 10 points, namethese compounds which accept electron pairs or donate protons to solution, the opposite of bases", "answer": "acids [or Lewis acids; or Bronsted-Lowry acids; or Arrhenius acids; or strong acids; or weak acids; prompt on electrophiles] ", "page": "Acid", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122416, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131283, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 204], [204, 238], [239, 287], [288, 396], [397, 448], [449, 508], [509, 573], [574, 619], [620, 735]], "first_sentence": "In reactions, metal aquo complexes act as these species. These species are in the numerator of alphafractions.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, a woman runs scalding water over the utensils used by her black maid, who eats lunch\"alone like a leper.\" A boy in this novel is berated for supposedly eating French fries with Melvin Weinerafter he lies about having diarrhea. A man in this novel recalls bathing with his frequently-constipatedfather, an insurance salesman. This novel ends with the question, \"Now vee may perhaps to begin. Yes?\"While in Connecticut, its protagonist pretends to be married to his (*) sexually adventurous girlfriend, who henicknames \"The Monkey\". The title character describes his adolescent obsession with masturbation and hisoverbearing mother Sophie to his psychiatrist, Dr. Spielvogel. For 10 points, name this novel about the title \"niceJewish boy\", by Philip Roth.", "answer": " Portnoy's Complaint", "page": "Portnoy's_Complaint", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122415, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131284, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [119, 241], [242, 339], [340, 405], [406, 545], [546, 688], [689, 769]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, a woman runs scalding water over the utensils used by her black maid, who eats lunch\"alone like a leper.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This person's prediction that displacement squared equals six multiplied by diffusivity multiplied bytime in random walks was used by Jean Perrin to measure Avogadro's number. The proportionalityconstants for the rates of spontaneous and stimulated emission are named for this person. This scientistshowed that, as temperature goes to infinity, heat capacity goes to 3R, if a solid is modeled as a lattice ofindependent (*) springs with quantized vibrations. This physicist also showed that light energy is quantized intophotons in a Nobel Prize-winning description of the photoelectric effect. The fourth of his Annus mirabilis paperspublished in 1905 introduced mass-energy equivalence. For 10 points, name this German physicist who proposedthat E equals m times c squared.", "answer": " Albert Einstein", "page": "Albert_Einstein", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122414, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131285, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 284], [285, 458], [459, 594], [595, 688], [689, 775]], "first_sentence": "This person's prediction that displacement squared equals six multiplied by diffusivity multiplied bytime in random walks was used by Jean Perrin to measure Avogadro's number.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "On the right-hand side of this painting, a pot, a metal spoon, and a yellow knapsack are laid out inpreparation for a meager lunch. The artist wrote, \"You begin like one and end like the other,\" in referenceto this painting's differently aged title figures. When this painting, which was destroyed in 1945, wasexhibited at the Salon of 1850, critics attacked it for being too large given the ugliness of its characters.The bare back of one of the men in this painting can be seen through a (*) hole in his tattered overalls. Astraw hat obscures the face of the older man in this painting, who uses a pickaxe to perform the title action whileworking to build a road. For 10 points, name this Gustave Courbet painting of two workers chipping away at rocks.", "answer": " The Stone Breakers [or Les Casseurs de pierres", "page": "The_Stone_Breakers", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122413, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131286, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 257], [258, 419], [419, 524], [525, 665], [666, 754]], "first_sentence": "On the right-hand side of this painting, a pot, a metal spoon, and a yellow knapsack are laid out inpreparation for a meager lunch.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This politician resigned from the Cabinet when the Prime Minister proposed granting extra funds toMaynooth College. This man appointed Francis Napier head of a commission investigating theconditions of crofters and cotters in the Scottish Highlands. This prime minister, who introduced thesecret ballot and frequently donated his own money to rescue fallen women, seized upon Ottomanperpetratedatrocities in Bulgaria to go on a foreign policy speech tour in his (*) \"Midlothian Campaign.\"Despite signing the Kilmanhaim Treaty with Charles Parnell, this protege of Robert Peel was unable to secure IrishHome Rule across his four terms as Prime Minister. For 10 points, name this Liberal Prime Minister, the rival ofBenjamin Disraeli.", "answer": "William Gladstone", "page": "William_Ewart_Gladstone", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122412, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131287, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 249], [250, 495], [496, 652], [653, 732]], "first_sentence": "This politician resigned from the Cabinet when the Prime Minister proposed granting extra funds toMaynooth College.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In natural units, this quantity equals 0.303, or the square root of four pi times the fine structureconstant. The product of this quantity, the Josephson constant, and the von Klitzing constant equals two.It is raised to the fourth power in the Rydberg formula. An experimental measurement of this quantity,which differed from the true value by five standard deviations, was described as \"Cargo Cult Science\" byRichard Feynman. For quarks, this constant is prefixed by either (*) two-thirds or negative-one-third. Thisconstant was determined by manipulating voltage until the terminal velocity of falling oil droplets was reached. For10 points, name this constant measured by Millikan, whose magnitude is around 1.6 times ten to the negativenineteen, and which is symbolized e.", "answer": " elementary charge [or e until it is read; or fundamental charge; or charge on a proton; or charge on an electron] ", "page": "Elementary_charge", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122411, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131288, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 205], [205, 261], [262, 427], [428, 513], [514, 630], [631, 777]], "first_sentence": "In natural units, this quantity equals 0.303, or the square root of four pi times the fine structureconstant.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man called for leniency in punishing James Nayler for recreating Christ's entry into Jerusalem.This man was given the power to appoint a new chamber of government in the Humble Petition andAdvice. This man built a pontoon bridge over the Thames to win the Battle of Worcester, one year to theday after he defeated the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar. This man's son-in-law Henry Ireton was capturedby Prince (*) Rupert of the Rhine at the Battle of Naseby. Large numbers of prisoners and civilians were killedduring the Siege of Drogheda during this man's invasion of Ireland. This commander of the New Model Army wasbriefly succeeded by his son, Richard, who himself was succeeded by Charles II. For 10 points, name this LordProtector of England.", "answer": "Oliver Cromwel", "page": "Oliver_Cromwell", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122410, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131289, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [100, 201], [202, 353], [354, 403], [404, 459], [460, 579], [580, 699], [700, 750]], "first_sentence": "This man called for leniency in punishing James Nayler for recreating Christ's entry into Jerusalem.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote a story in which a syphilitic soldier overhears a conversation between Scipio andBerganza about how they can talk even though they are animals. After one of this man's characters refusesto pay at an inn, another character is wrapped in a blanket and tossed up and down. A rash of spurioussequels to a work that this man initially attributed to (*) \"Cide Hamete Benengeli\" caused him to write acontinuation ten years later. \"The Colloquy of the Dogs\" is one of this man's Exemplary Novels. The title character ofanother of his novels confuses a washbasin for the helmet of Mambrino, names his horse Rocinante and anunsuspecting village girl Dulcinea, and tilts at windmills with his friend Sancho Panza. For 10 points, name thisauthor of Don Quixote.", "answer": " Miguel de Cervantes ", "page": "Miguel_de_Cervantes", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122409, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131290, "tokenizations": [[0, 161], [162, 287], [288, 440], [441, 442], [442, 506], [507, 720], [721, 767]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote a story in which a syphilitic soldier overhears a conversation between Scipio andBerganza about how they can talk even though they are animals.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A chapter in this text likens virtuous people to newborns who have a strong grip despite their brittlebones and weak muscles. According to this text, the Heaven and Earth are just as heartless as humanswho fashion straw dogs to use in sacrifices. The sixth chapter of this text exalts the \"mysterious female\"for her role in bridging Heaven and Earth. This text declares that \"Knowing others is (*) intelligence,\" but\"Knowing yourself is true wisdom.\" The second line of this text declares that \"the names that can be named are notunvarying names.\" This text, which is more popular than the similar Zhuangzi, (JUANG zeh) promotes aparadoxical action through non-action, known as wu wei. For 10 points, name this key Taoist text sometimes namedfor its author, Lao-tzu.", "answer": " Daodejing [or Tao Te Ching; or Lao-tzu before mentioned]", "page": "Tao_Te_Ching", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122408, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131291, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 246], [247, 350], [351, 450], [451, 546], [546, 685], [686, 766]], "first_sentence": "A chapter in this text likens virtuous people to newborns who have a strong grip despite their brittlebones and weak muscles.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man is once taunted for having \"the face of a dog but the heart of a deer.\" This man is forcedfrom the battlefield by a wound inflicted by Coon (co-ON), who tries to avenge his brother Iphidamas.This man enters his house on an ornate purple carpet with his war bride, Cassandra, in tow. After Apollosends a plague in response to this man's capture of Chryseis, he pilfers another man's war prize (*) Briseis.This man is ensnared in a robe and chopped with an axe in his bath by Aegisthus and his adulterous wife. This man,who sacrifices his daughter Iphigenia to garner a favorable wind for his fleet, alienates Achilles at the start of theIliad. For 10 points. name this king of Mycenae and husband of Clytemnestra, who leads the Greeks during theTrojan War.", "answer": "Agamemnon", "page": "Agamemnon", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122407, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131292, "tokenizations": [[0, 79], [79, 200], [200, 291], [292, 413], [413, 517], [518, 651], [652, 666], [667, 764]], "first_sentence": "This man is once taunted for having \"the face of a dog but the heart of a deer.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The lumen of this structure contains BiP, or binding immunoglobulin protein. The desmotubulepasses through the plasmodesmata and links two of these organelles in adjacent cells. In eukaryotes,signal recognition particle targets proteins and sends them to the translocons on this organelle'smembrane. In excitation-contraction coupling, large stores of (*) calcium are released from a specialized formof this organelle in myocytes. One form of this organelle metabolizes lipids and detoxifies drugs, whereas anothertype is covered with ribosomes. Membrane-bound vesicles shuttle between the Golgi apparatus and this organelle.For 10 points, name this organelle, a network of flattened sacs that comes in \"smooth\" and \"rough\" forms", "answer": " endoplasmic reticulum [or sarcoplasmic reticulum; or ER; or SR; or smooth endoplasmic reticulum; or smooth ER; or SER; or rough endoplasmic reticulum; or rough ER; or RER]", "page": "Endoplasmic_reticulum", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122406, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131293, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 177], [178, 299], [300, 430], [431, 545], [546, 625], [625, 729]], "first_sentence": "The lumen of this structure contains BiP, or binding immunoglobulin protein.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This compound has two ESCA peaks, at 14.2 and 22.9 electron-volts, which valence bond theory cannotpredict. This is the simplest compound whose bond angles exactly equal the arccosine of negative onethird.Bacteria can metabolize glucose to three molecules of carbon dioxide and three molecules of thiscompound. It reacts with water during steam reforming to make syngas, and it is triply chlorinated tomake (*) chloroform. This compound is stored in ice in clathrates. After carbon dioxide, this compound is thesecond most common greenhouse gas emitted by humans. It is the most reduced form of carbon. One mole of thiscompound combusts with oxygen to form one mole of carbon dioxide and two moles of water. For 10 points,name this tetrahedral alkane found in natural gas, with formula CH4.", "answer": "methane [or CH4 until it is read]", "page": "Methane", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122405, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131294, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 205], [205, 310], [311, 422], [423, 468], [469, 563], [564, 602], [603, 707], [708, 790]], "first_sentence": "This compound has two ESCA peaks, at 14.2 and 22.9 electron-volts, which valence bond theory cannotpredict.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The second subject of this symphony's first movement is unusually stated in the submediant G majorin the exposition, but in D major in the recapitulation. The second movement is marked \"andante conmoto\" and is in E major. Although not premiered until 1865, decades after its composer's death, this is theearliest symphony in B minor in the standard repertoire. August Ludwig modified this symphony by (*)adding a \"Philosopher's Scherzo\" and a \"March of Destiny.\" It has been theorized that an entr'acte from thecomposer's incidental music to Rosamunde was intended to serve as the finale. It was followed up by its composer's\"Great\" C Major symphony. For 10 points, name this symphony by Franz Schubert with only two completemovements.", "answer": "Unfinished Symphony [or Franz Schubert's Symphony No. 8; Schubert's name is not required after it is read]", "page": "Unfinished_symphony", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122404, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131295, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 221], [222, 360], [361, 461], [461, 462], [463, 588], [589, 650], [651, 735]], "first_sentence": "The second subject of this symphony's first movement is unusually stated in the submediant G majorin the exposition, but in D major in the recapitulation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In 20th century philosophy, the question of what does or doesn't count as this activity was the\"problem of demarcation.\" A 1962 book defined the \"normal\" type of this activity as an accumulation ofresults from \"problem-solving,\" and used Wittgenstein's image of the \"duckrabbit\" to show how differenttypes of it might perceive differnetly. This activity is disrupted during times of \"paradigm shift\" accordingto philosopher (*) Thomas Kuhn, and its claims must be falsifiable according to Karl Popper's work on this typeof discovery. In 1620, a new way of doing this was proposed in Novum Organum. For 10 points, name this method ofacademic inquiry championed by Francis Bacon, whose \"revolutions\" might replace ideas such as Newtonianphysics with special relativity.", "answer": " science [or scientific method; or scientific research; or scientific revolutions]", "page": "Science", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122403, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131296, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 339], [340, 533], [534, 597], [598, 767]], "first_sentence": "In 20th century philosophy, the question of what does or doesn't count as this activity was the\"problem of demarcation.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man was abandoned by his cosmographer Ruy Faleiro, who either went insane or was spooked byan unfavorable horoscope. This man suppressed a mutiny on Easter day led by Juan de Cartagena (car-taHAY-na),an event chronicled by the scholar Antonio Pigafetta. This man ran into trouble when the SanAntonio abandoned the other ships at the Cape of the Virgins. Charles I of (*) Spain asked this man to find aroute to the Spice Islands. The chieftain Lapu-Lapu is revered as a hero on the island of Cebu for defeating thisman. Juan Sebastian del Cano, sailing aboard the Victoria, completed the voyage after this man was killed by nativesin the Battle of Mactan in 1521 in the Philippines. For 10 points, name this explorer who led the first expedition tocircumnavigate the Earth.", "answer": " Ferdinand Magellan [or Fern\u00c3\u00a3o de Magalh\u00c3\u00a3es or Fernando de Magallanes or Hernando de Magallanes or Fernando de Magallanes]", "page": "Ferdinand_Magellan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122402, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131297, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 258], [259, 358], [359, 366], [367, 371], [372, 375], [376, 433], [434, 523], [524, 686], [687, 777]], "first_sentence": "This man was abandoned by his cosmographer Ruy Faleiro, who either went insane or was spooked byan unfavorable horoscope.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote a poem that describes a scene \"in the childhood of the world\" in which a group callsfor \"milky sap\" and \"honey from the hollow oak\". A mention of a \"still, small voice of calm\" ends a poemby this man that was the source of the hymn \"Dear Lord and Father of Mankind\". The uncle tells huntingstories and the schoolmaster relays news from Dartmouth in a poem by this man whose speaker wakes upafter a storm to \"no cloud above, no earth below, / a universe of (*) sky and snow!\" In a poem by this authorof \"The Brewing of Soma\", Stonewall Jackson orders his men not to harm the title character, who says \"Shoot, ifyou must, this old gray head, / But spare your country's flag\". For 10 points, name this Quaker poet of \"SnowBound\"and \"Barbara Frietchie\".", "answer": "John Greenleaf Whittier ", "page": "John_Greenleaf_Whittier", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122401, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131298, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 284], [285, 492], [493, 659], [660, 691], [692, 767]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote a poem that describes a scene \"in the childhood of the world\" in which a group callsfor \"milky sap\" and \"honey from the hollow oak\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This event disrupted a community of drug-addled aristocrats called the Happy Valley set. During thisevent, prisoners classified as \"White,\" \"Grey,\" and \"Black,\" were moved up and down the Pipelineconcentration camp system. In response to this event, land was redistributed to families via theSwynnerton Plan. Rawson Macuria claimed that participants in this event practiced blood-drinkinginitiations during the trial of the Kapenguria Six. General (*) China led forces in this conflict, during whichOperation Anvil occurred. This rebellion prompted Governor Evelyn Baring to declare a State of Emergency, and itwas begun by the Kikuyu-dominated Land and Freedom Army. For 10 points, name this rebellion against Britishrule in Kenya.", "answer": " Mau Mau Uprising [or equivalents such as Mau Mau Rebellion; or Kenya Emergency until \"Kenya\" is read]", "page": "Mau_Mau_Uprising", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122400, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131299, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 222], [223, 308], [309, 439], [440, 447], [448, 451], [452, 524], [525, 667], [668, 732]], "first_sentence": "This event disrupted a community of drug-addled aristocrats called the Happy Valley set.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artist painted stones falling out of the arches of a building while the king who ordered itsconstruction oversees his workers. He made a series of six panels depicting different times of the year,although the panel depicting late spring is lost. In one of those paintings, three men and their dogs returnfrom an unsuccessful trip, and silhouettes can be seen ice skating in the distance. In another of hispaintings, bowls of soup at a (*) feast are carried on a door that has been removed from its hinges. This artist ofThe Tower of Babel and Hunters in the Snow painted a mythical character drowning in the sea, unnoticed by theshepherd on a cliff. For 10 points, name this Flemish painter of The Peasant Wedding and Landscape with the Fall ofIcarus", "answer": " Pieter Bruegel the Elder", "page": "Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122399, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131300, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 250], [251, 392], [393, 510], [511, 654], [655, 755]], "first_sentence": "This artist painted stones falling out of the arches of a building while the king who ordered itsconstruction oversees his workers.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The final section of this poem claims that \"it was evening all afternoon\". A man who \"rode overConnecticut in a glass coach\" mistook the subject of this poem for \"the shadow of his equipage\". Itsspeaker claims to know \"noble accents and lucid, inescapable rhythms\" but notes that the subject of thepoem \"is involved in what I know\". This poem contrasts the \"beauty of inflections\" with the \"beauty of(*) innuendos\". One section of this poem opens by mentioning the \"thin men of Haddam\", while in another, thespeaker looks through icicles for the shadow of the title creature, whose eye is the only moving thing \"amongtwenty snowy mountains\". For 10 points, name this Wallace Stevens poem about various perspectives on a certainanimal.", "answer": "\"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird\" ", "page": "Thirteen_Ways_of_Looking_at_a_Blackbird", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122398, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131301, "tokenizations": [[0, 74], [75, 191], [192, 332], [333, 415], [416, 641], [642, 734]], "first_sentence": "The final section of this poem claims that \"it was evening all afternoon\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This present-day country was the place where a highly-regarded wine called cerentum was produced.Because it was manufactured by skilled swordsmiths from this present-day country, the gladius wasnicknamed the sword of this place. In this present-day country, Metellus Pius was deadlocked against therogue general Quintus Sertorius for three years until Pompey's arrival. The province corresponding to thiscountry was divided into regions marked (*) \"Citerior\" and \"Ulterior.\" The emperors Hadrian and Trajan wereborn in what is now this country, where the siege of Saguntum triggered the start of the Second Punic War. TheVisigoths settled in this country and its smaller western neighbor. For 10 points, name this present-day countrycorresponding to the Roman province of Hispania. ", "answer": "Spain [or Espana; or Kingdom of Spain; or Reino de Espana]", "page": "Spain", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122397, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131302, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [97, 228], [229, 369], [370, 473], [473, 617], [618, 688], [689, 781]], "first_sentence": "This present-day country was the place where a highly-regarded wine called cerentum was produced.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one campaign, this man vowed that his first act in office would be to fire Carey McWilliams, who didnot share his anti-Japanese-American views. In 1948 this man was unable to deliver his home state for hisrunning mate, Thomas Dewey. This man proposed a compulsory state health care system in 1945 whileserving as Governor of California. Eisenhower claimed he made a \"damned-fool mistake\" about thissuccessor to (*) Fred Vinson. This man was the subject of a 1961 campaign by the John Birch Society that calledfor his impeachment. This judge ordered that \"all deliberate speed\" be used to carry out his decision in a case thatoverturned Plessy v. Ferguson. For 10 points, name this Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who wrote the Brown v.Board decision.", "answer": " Earl Warren ", "page": "Earl_Warren", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122396, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131303, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 235], [236, 339], [340, 430], [431, 532], [533, 658], [659, 741], [741, 756]], "first_sentence": "In one campaign, this man vowed that his first act in office would be to fire Carey McWilliams, who didnot share his anti-Japanese-American views.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This scientist is the first namesake of a strip reaction in which a deuterium nucleus gives a neutron to aheavier nucleus, causing the release of a proton. A Physical Review paper written by Hartland Snyder andthis physicist provided the modern concept of a black hole. With Tolman and Volkoff, he calculated theupper bound on the mass of a neutron star. He is the second namesake of a statement that permitsfactorization of an atomic (*) wavefunction by fixing the position of the nucleus and factoring out the electronicwavefunction, an approximation he names with Max Born. He quoted from the Bhagavad Gita after the success ofthe Trinity test near Alamogordo, New Mexico in 1945. For 10 points, name this American physicist who directedLos Alamos National Laboratory during the Manhattan Project.", "answer": "Robert Oppenheimer [or Julius Robert Oppenheimer]", "page": "J._Robert_Oppenheimer", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122395, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131304, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 269], [270, 354], [355, 576], [577, 683], [684, 800]], "first_sentence": "This scientist is the first namesake of a strip reaction in which a deuterium nucleus gives a neutron to aheavier nucleus, causing the release of a proton.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character created by this author observes a pack of stubborn mules on a bridge, then returns homeand beats his wife, hoping that she'll make him his favorite meal. A book by this author with the subtitle\"Prince Galehaut\" contains a story beginning with King Solomon ordering a man to visit the Bridge ofGeese. Christine de Pizan was inspired by a collection of 106 biographies of (*) women by this man, whofictionalized his muse as \"Fiammetta\". In a story by this man, the Marquis of Saluzzo pretends to have his first twochildren killed in order to test the patience of his wife Griselda. Seven men and three women go to Fiesole in thecountryside to avoid the Black Death in Florence in his most famous work. For 10 points, name this Italian authorof The Decameron", "answer": "Giovanni Boccaccio", "page": "Giovanni_Boccaccio", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122394, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131305, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 311], [312, 446], [447, 591], [592, 711], [712, 767]], "first_sentence": "A character created by this author observes a pack of stubborn mules on a bridge, then returns homeand beats his wife, hoping that she'll make him his favorite meal.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A very strong form of this statement holds in spaces like the p-adics. Along with symmetry and nonnegativityrestriction, this statement must be true for a distance function to be a metric. Thegeneralization of this statement to the p-norm is named for Minkowski, and it can also be derived from astatement named for (*) Cauchy and Schwarz. One reformulation of it states that absolute value of quantity x plusy is less than or equal to absolute value of x plus absolute value of y. This statement follows from the law of cosines,because the magnitude of cosine in the namesake shapes is less than one. For 10 points, identify this statementwhich says that, for a certain three-sided figure, a plus b is greater than c.", "answer": " triangle inequality [prompt on ultrametric inequality before the word metric is said, do not accept \"Cauchy-Schwarz\" inequality at any point] ", "page": "Triangle_inequality", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122393, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131306, "tokenizations": [[0, 70], [71, 188], [189, 339], [340, 481], [482, 601], [602, 718]], "first_sentence": "A very strong form of this statement holds in spaces like the p-adics.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Visitors to this city can spin around on top of a floor mosaic of a bull for good luck, below a massiveglass dome in a glass-covered shopping complex. The Fininvest holding company was founded in thiscity. This city, which founded a renowned tram system in 1881 which maintains an orange color scheme,contains an Arch of Peace lying at the northwest end of its Sempione Park. Expo (*) 2015 began in this cityon May 1. Malpensa airport brings visitors into this city, whose reputation as the financial center of its country grewin part due to native media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi. The Galleria Vittorio Emmanuele is in this city, whose operahouse is called La Scala. For 10 points, name this capital of Lombardy, a bustling city of northwestern Italy.", "answer": "Milan, Italy ", "page": "Milan", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122392, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131307, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 205], [206, 375], [376, 417], [418, 580], [581, 666], [667, 751]], "first_sentence": "Visitors to this city can spin around on top of a floor mosaic of a bull for good luck, below a massiveglass dome in a glass-covered shopping complex.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Near the end of Jacob's life, he blesses his son Judah by comparing him to this animal. A dead variety ofthis animal inspires the riddle \"Out of the eater, something to eat; out of the strong, something sweet.\"The faces of an ox, a man, an eagle, and this animal characterize the drivers of the flaming chariot inEzekiel's vision. A swarm of bees populate the carcass of one of these animals discovered by (*) Samson onhis way to marry Delilah. When satraps push through a thirty-day ban on worshiping anyone who is not Darius, arighteous Jewish official is to be punished by being fed to these animals, but their mouths are kept shut by an angel.For 10 points, identify these animals which populate a den in which Daniel is imprisoned.", "answer": "lions [or Panthero leo; or P. leo] ", "page": "Lion", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122391, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131308, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 138], [138, 330], [331, 444], [445, 647], [647, 736]], "first_sentence": "Near the end of Jacob's life, he blesses his son Judah by comparing him to this animal.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one of his operas, two characters remember how they both witnessed the appearance of a beautifulveiled woman, and now they notice that their hands push each other apart. One of those characters laterburns his village to allow his love interest and his rival to escape execution. This composer adaptedmaterial from the carol \"March of the Kings\" into the \"Farandole (fa-run-dole)\" that closes his (*)L'Arlesienne (lahr-lay-syen) Suite No. 2. Nadir and Zurga sing this composer's aria \"Au fond du temple saint,\" betterknown as the \"Friendship Duet.\" Another of his operas features Escamillo singing the \"Toreador Song,\" and endswith Don Jos\u00c3\u00a9 stabbing the title gypsy girl. For 10 points, name this French composer of The Pearl Fishers andCarmen.", "answer": "Georges Bizet", "page": "Georges_Bizet", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122390, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131309, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 281], [282, 382], [383, 443], [444, 550], [551, 674], [675, 747]], "first_sentence": "In one of his operas, two characters remember how they both witnessed the appearance of a beautifulveiled woman, and now they notice that their hands push each other apart.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the IS-LM model, the LM function is bounded by the liquidity preference and this other quantity. Ina liquidity trap, fluctuations of this quantity do not correspond to fluctuations in price levels. This quantityis equal to the base times the inverse of the reserve ratio when institutions employ a fractional-reservepolicy. A broad definition of this quantity includes negotiable order of withdrawals and certificates ofdeposits as well as (*) savings accounts and travelers checks. Those various components of this quantity are splitinto groups called M0, M1, and M2, which distinguish between that left in the bank and the amount of this value incirculation. For 10 points, name this value, which can be defined as the total quantity of currency in the economy.", "answer": "money supply", "page": "Money_supply", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122389, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131310, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 200], [201, 326], [327, 485], [486, 663], [664, 766]], "first_sentence": "In the IS-LM model, the LM function is bounded by the liquidity preference and this other quantity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poet first raised a recurring subject of his in a poem that described how \"Everywhere the eyeconcedes to / Encrouching horizon, / Is wooed into the cyclops' eye / Of a tarn.\" The work of P.V. Globinspired his poem \"Tolland Man\", a pseudo-sequel to the aforementioned poem from Door to the Dark.This author of several \"bog poems\" included a collection titled \"Sweeney Redivivus\" in his collection (*)Station Island. The speaker of another of his poems vows to use the \"squat pen\" resting \"between my finger and mythumb\" to perform the title action, which both his father and grandfather did with a spade. That poem, \"Digging\",was published in his collection Death of a Naturalist. For 10 points, name this Irish author of a famed 1996translation of Beowulf.", "answer": "Seamus Heaney [or Seamus Justin Heaney]", "page": "Seamus_Heaney", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 122388, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131311, "tokenizations": [[0, 179], [180, 196], [197, 299], [299, 419], [420, 608], [609, 684], [685, 761]], "first_sentence": "This poet first raised a recurring subject of his in a poem that described how \"Everywhere the eyeconcedes to / Encrouching horizon, / Is wooed into the cyclops' eye / Of a tarn.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This artist depicted a man sleeping with a washbasin tied to his belt and a skull next to his cardinal hat, atthe bottom of a painting that he stopped working on during a siege. This artist's portrait of a young womanwith a headdress, ostrich fan, and Pegasus pendant was long mistitled Turkish Slave. At the age of twenty-one,this artist painted himself with a greatly distorted and elongated hand. This artist painted a small, thin St.Jerome at the bottom right of a painting in which Mary rests her right foot on two cushions, cradling agigantic infant Jesus in her lap. For 10 points, name this Mannerist painter of Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirrorand Madonna with the Long Neck.", "answer": "Parmigianino [or Francesco Mazzola; or Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola]", "page": "Parmigianino", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121798, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131899, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 301], [302, 399], [400, 437], [437, 573], [574, 683]], "first_sentence": "This artist depicted a man sleeping with a washbasin tied to his belt and a skull next to his cardinal hat, atthe bottom of a painting that he stopped working on during a siege.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An article by Thomas Grey asks if we have an unwritten version of this thing in addition to the written one.In Freedom's Law, Ronald Dworkin proposed a \"moral reading\" of this thing, which is also the subject ofCommentaries by Joseph Story. An argument that its writers were driven by financial interests forms CharlesBeard's \"Economic Interpretation\" of it. The \"living\" view of this document is supported by looseconstructionists, who dispute originalist claims that its meaning is fixed. This document's first three articlesoutline the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. For 10 points, name this document amended twentyseventimes and ratified in 1788, the supreme law of the United States. ", "answer": "The Constitution of the United States of America ", "page": "United_States_Constitution", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121797, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131900, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [108, 240], [241, 358], [359, 490], [491, 585], [586, 704]], "first_sentence": "An article by Thomas Grey asks if we have an unwritten version of this thing in addition to the written one.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A bill named for this location sticks out of a man's pocket in the political cartoon \"The Able Doctor,\" inwhich that man forces a drink down a restrained woman's throat. A \"vile procession\" of half a mile from acourthouse to this location included flags hung upside down, a coffin labeled \"Liberty,\" and a crowd of as manyas 50,000 people, when Anthony Burns lost a court case under the Fugitive Slave Law. Members of the Rotchfamily unsuccessfully tried to have cargo removed from this location after the cargo was brought on theEleanor, Beaver, and Dartmouth. The first of the Intolerable Acts to be passed was named for this location, whichwas closed by that act. For 10 points, name this location where, in 1773, men dressed as Mohawks dumpedchests full of tea. ", "answer": "Boston Harbor [or Port of Boston; or Boston Port; prompt on Boston]", "page": "Boston_Harbor", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121796, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131901, "tokenizations": [[0, 169], [170, 406], [407, 561], [562, 666], [667, 765]], "first_sentence": "A bill named for this location sticks out of a man's pocket in the political cartoon \"The Able Doctor,\" inwhich that man forces a drink down a restrained woman's throat.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In April 2015, a group of artists placed a bust of this person at a prison ship memorial in Brooklyn. Thisman called the attendees of the 2014 South by Southwest festival \"firefighters.\" This man performed his mostfamous act after watching James Clapper lie under oath. Suspicions surrounding this man caused thererouting of Evo Morales's plane to Austria. This man used the aliases \"Cincinnatus\" and \"Citizen Four\" whencontacting Laura Poitras and Glenn Greenwald, two journalists who later met him in Hong Kong. This manwas interviewed by John Oliver in Moscow, where he sought asylum after exposing the PRISM surveillanceprogram. For 10 points, name this man who became a fugitive after leaking classified NSA information in2013. ", "answer": "Edward Snowden [or Edward Joseph Snowden] ", "page": "Edward_Snowden", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121795, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131902, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 185], [185, 269], [270, 356], [357, 513], [514, 632], [633, 732]], "first_sentence": "In April 2015, a group of artists placed a bust of this person at a prison ship memorial in Brooklyn.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "When this character is introduced, she is described as having eyes like \"two small pieces of coal pressed intoa lump of dough.\" This character explains to the Board of Aldermen that she has been granted an exemptionfrom paying taxes by Colonel Sartoris. Later, the Board of Aldermen sends four men to sprinkle lime on thischaracter's property in response to complaints of an odor coming from her house. This woman is rumored tobe suicidal after she purchases arsenic that is labeled for rats. In this character's bedroom, townspeopleeventually find a strand of her gray hair next to the rotting corpse of Homer Barron. For 10 points, name thisreclusive title character of a short story by William Faulkner titled \"A Rose for\" her. ", "answer": "Emily Grierson [or Emily Grierson]", "page": "Emily_Grierson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121793, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131904, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [126, 127], [128, 253], [254, 402], [403, 492], [493, 618], [619, 730]], "first_sentence": "When this character is introduced, she is described as having eyes like \"two small pieces of coal pressed intoa lump of dough.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A Deepwater, New Jersey facility that made this substance was dubbed the \"House of Butterflies.\" RobertKehoe was the foremost proponent of the safety of this material, whose use was opposed by Clair CameronPatterson after finding large traces of it in ocean water and ice cores. Its most prominent manufacturer wasEthyl Corporation. Herbert Needleman's studies of children's teeth and mental development led him toadvocate Clean Air Act regulation of this material. While working under Charles Kettering at General Motors,Thomas Midgley discovered this substance's anti-knock properties and lied about its toxicity. This additive isnow largely replaced with ethanol. For 10 points, name this octane-boosting gasoline additive banned in mostof the world for containing a toxic heavy metal. ", "answer": "tetraethyl lead [or leaded gasoline]", "page": "Tetraethyllead", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121792, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131905, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [95, 278], [279, 332], [333, 465], [466, 615], [616, 666], [667, 788]], "first_sentence": "A Deepwater, New Jersey facility that made this substance was dubbed the \"House of Butterflies.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A member of this school compared life to a dinner party in a book that ends with a \"maxim\" from Crito. Thisschool believed the souls of the wise are destroyed by a conflagration, or ekpyrosis. This school had a memberwho advised removing one's aversions to things like sickness and death, and who frequently used a termmeaning \"volition.\" A member of this school had a name meaning \"acquired,\" referring to his enslavement,and his student Arrian compiled the Discourses and Enchiridion. Epictetus taught this school's idea ofprohairesis. Proper action in accordance with nature, or kathekon, was taught by this school's founder from a\"painted porch\" in Athens. For 10 points, name this ancient school of philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium. ", "answer": "Stoicism", "page": "Stoicism", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121791, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131906, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [103, 192], [193, 337], [337, 486], [487, 537], [538, 660], [661, 741]], "first_sentence": "A member of this school compared life to a dinner party in a book that ends with a \"maxim\" from Crito.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Shetland Bus was a network of vessels that transported individuals out of this country. OperationFreshman was a British airborne mission undertaken within this country. Agents in this country sunk the SFHydro, which prevented the removal of heavy water from this country. Josef Terboven was theReichskommisaar of this country and was responsible for the destruction of the town of Telavag here. Thiscountry was the location of the Falstad concentration camp, and its King Haakon VII fled the country in 1940.For 10 points, identify this Scandinavian country that was led by the puppet regime of Vidkun Quisling afterfalling to Nazi Germany in World War II. ", "answer": "Norway [or Kingdom of Norway; or Kongeriket Norge] ", "page": "Norway", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121790, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131907, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 172], [173, 275], [276, 398], [399, 660]], "first_sentence": "The Shetland Bus was a network of vessels that transported individuals out of this country.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The imaginary part of the propagation constant is this quantity's namesake constant. This quantity isplotted against frequency on the second, or lower, Bode plot. A form of this quantity symbolized gamma maybe nonzero after a cyclic adiabatic process, or if an electron passes near a solenoid even where no magneticfield is present. The wavelength over the period is its namesake velocity, which contrasts with the groupvelocity. For AC quantities such as current and voltage, this quantity is symbolized by a vector rotating arounda circular plot. A difference in it for two equal-frequency waves can lead to destructive interference. For 10points, name this quantity symbolized phi in the wave equation, the geometrical shift to where a wave begins. ", "answer": "phase [or phase constant; or phase velocity; or phase ratio; or Berry phase; or phase shift] ", "page": "Phase_(waves)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121789, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131908, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 162], [163, 332], [333, 429], [430, 548], [549, 635], [636, 751]], "first_sentence": "The imaginary part of the propagation constant is this quantity's namesake constant.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a religious painting by this artist, a woman flees on a black donkey and an angel holds open a large greenscroll. This artist created a gouache painting in which a man stabs a boy and an inverted clock falls out of thesky. This artist's illustrations of scenes from the Song of Songs, Genesis, and Exodus are located in a nationalmuseum dedicated to him in Nice (NIECE). This artist depicted his wife towering over a meadow in Bella WithWhite Collar. Two upside down houses share the background with a female violinist and a man carrying ascythe in a painting this artist set in his hometown of Vitebsk, Belarus. For 10 points, name this artist whopainted a green-skinned man staring down a goat in I and the Village.", "answer": "Marc Chagall [or Marc Zakharovich Chagall]", "page": "Marc_Chagall", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121788, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131909, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 225], [226, 373], [374, 453], [454, 615], [616, 720]], "first_sentence": "In a religious painting by this artist, a woman flees on a black donkey and an angel holds open a large greenscroll.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A strong predictor of this disease is the Arg-80-Gly variant of the complement C3 gene. Basal linear andbasal laminar deposits appear in this disease between the RPE and Bruch's membrane, which may bedisrupted with neovascularization. People with this disease perceive wavy lines on an Amsler grid. It mayadvance to central geographic atrophy in a type characterized by buildup of drusen. The abnormalangiogenesis in the \"wet\" form of this disease can be inhibited by injecting drugs directly into the vitreoushumor. The namesake affected structure in this disorder is a yellow spot in the center of the retina, soperipheral vision is usually retained. For 10 points, name this age-related disease that manifests as progressivecentral vision loss. ", "answer": "age-related macular degeneration", "page": "Macular_degeneration", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121787, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131910, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 234], [235, 298], [299, 388], [389, 516], [517, 652], [653, 747]], "first_sentence": "A strong predictor of this disease is the Arg-80-Gly variant of the complement C3 gene.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote about the Great Groby Tree, which symbolizes a family's curse, in a novel about thegodson of General Campion. In an oft-quoted comment, this novelist's friend John Rodker called one of hisnovels \"the finest French novel in the English language.\" A woman created by this writer is averse to sex due toa strict Catholic upbringing, leading her to suggest the sexual union of her ward Nancy and her husband. Thiswriter created a man called \"the last English Tory,\" who is constantly cheated on by his wife Sylvia, namedChristopher Tietjens. The narrator says, \"This is the saddest story I have ever heard,\" at the beginning of hisnovel about Edward Ashburnham. For 10 points, name this English author of Parade's End and The Good Soldier. ", "answer": "Ford Madox Ford ", "page": "Ford_Madox_Ford", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121786, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131911, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 262], [262, 263], [264, 422], [423, 555], [556, 675], [676, 753]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote about the Great Groby Tree, which symbolizes a family's curse, in a novel about thegodson of General Campion.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character tries to defend a captured servant who, after being fired by the widow with whom he was inlove, murdered his successor. A poem by William Thackeray about this character alludes to a scene in which hefirst sees his love interest, who is wearing a pink ribbon and cutting a loaf of bread for her eight youngersiblings. After playing a party game where guests have their ears boxed for making counting mistakes, thischaracter bursts out crying when a woman says \"Klopstock!\" This character reads a lengthy excerpt from histranslation of Ossian during a visit to Wahlheim. He shoots himself with a pistol lent to him by Albert, whohad married his beloved Lotte. For 10 points, name this youth whose \"sorrows\" are the subject of a novel byGoethe. ", "answer": "Werther [or Young Werther]", "page": "Werther", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121785, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131912, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 331], [332, 486], [487, 583], [584, 672], [673, 756]], "first_sentence": "This character tries to defend a captured servant who, after being fired by the widow with whom he was inlove, murdered his successor.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The plea \"Let me be numbered among your sheep\" is carved beneath a kneeling man below this building'stympanum showing the Last Judgment. Bernard de Montfaucon made drawings of the now-destroyed thinstatues of Old Testament prophets and kings that flanked this building's portals. The west facade of thisbuilding has one surviving southern tower and three portals topped by a rose window. This building is bestknown for the slender-columned ambulatory consisting of nine chapels radiating around an apse. ManyCarolingian features of this building were demolished during the renovation of its choir, which concluded in1144 under the direction of Abbot Suger. (soo-ZHAY) For 10 points, name this French church, the first in theGothic style. ", "answer": "Basilica of Saint Denis [or Basilique royale de Saint-Denis; or Basilique Saint-Denis]", "page": "Basilica_of_St_Denis", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121784, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131913, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 279], [280, 387], [388, 503], [504, 656], [657, 667], [668, 737]], "first_sentence": "The plea \"Let me be numbered among your sheep\" is carved beneath a kneeling man below this building'stympanum showing the Last Judgment.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this poem, the endlessly-flowing red, black, and white breastmilk of three sisters gives rise to three typesof iron, which spread across the land to escape from fire. A blind shepherd in this poem throws a serpentthrough the heart of a man whose comb then starts to drip blood. At this poem's end, a man sails off into thesunset after he is chastised by a thinly-veiled Christ. In this poem, a many-colored lid covers a money-printingdevice that fails to win a beautiful wife for its creator. This poem's title \"land of heroes\" opposes the northernland of Pohjola. In this epic, the Sampo is destroyed in a battle between Louhi and the trio of Lemminkainen,Ilmarinen, and Vainamoinen. For 10 points, name this national epic of Finland. ", "answer": "The Kalevala", "page": "Kalevala", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121783, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131914, "tokenizations": [[0, 169], [170, 280], [281, 380], [381, 495], [496, 567], [568, 687], [688, 738]], "first_sentence": "In this poem, the endlessly-flowing red, black, and white breastmilk of three sisters gives rise to three typesof iron, which spread across the land to escape from fire.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "All exact differential forms can be described by this word, since their second exterior derivative is zero. A setis Hausdorff if and only if the diagonal can be described by this word. The union of a set and its boundaryalways has this property. Arbitrary intersections, but not arbitrary unions, of sets of this type produce anotherset of this type. A topological set is described by this word if it contains all of its limit points. If an operationapplied to two members of a set always remains in that set, the set is said to have this property with respect tothat operation. For 10 points, give this word which describes intervals that contain both of their endpoints. ", "answer": "closed [or word forms, such as closure]", "page": "Claustrum", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121782, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131915, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 184], [185, 245], [246, 350], [351, 434], [435, 578], [579, 672]], "first_sentence": "All exact differential forms can be described by this word, since their second exterior derivative is zero.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "These people destroyed a group of settlements called the \"seven cities\" after winning the 1598 Battle ofCuralaba. These people were led by chieftains called lonco, who appointed military leaders called toqui, whodefeated and killed the conquistador Pedro de Valdivia. These speakers of the Mapudungun language refer todescendants of Spanish colonists as wingka, a term derived from \"new Incas\". These people live mostly south ofthe Bio-Bio River in the Araucania region, and they have also lived in the Chiloe Archipelago. These peoplehave protested the use of Pinochet-era anti-terrorism laws against them. For 10 points, name these indigenouspeople of southern Argentina and Chile. ", "answer": "Mapuche [or Araucanians until \"Araucania\" is read]", "page": "Mapuche", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121781, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131916, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 267], [268, 394], [395, 522], [523, 607], [608, 683]], "first_sentence": "These people destroyed a group of settlements called the \"seven cities\" after winning the 1598 Battle ofCuralaba.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man created the Caisse des Travaux as a way to finance his undertakings, and his successor was JeanCharlesAlphand. He was satirized in Le Temps by future Prime Minister Jules Ferry. One of this man's goalsmay have been to prevent the creation of barricades, which had been used during the June Days Uprising. Healso replaced a system built by Pierre Bruneseau with one that had separate pipes for drinking water andsewage. He supervised the creation of the Bois de Vincennes, and this man cleared medieval streets to createboulevards in his role as prefect of the Seine. For 10 points, name this man who rebuilt Paris during the reignof Napoleon III", "answer": "Baron Haussmann [or Georges-Eug\u00c3\u00a8ne Haussmann] ", "page": "Georges-Eug\u00e8ne_Haussmann", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121780, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131917, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 186], [187, 313], [314, 427], [428, 575], [576, 654]], "first_sentence": "This man created the Caisse des Travaux as a way to finance his undertakings, and his successor was JeanCharlesAlphand.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer reluctantly added titles such as \"The Obbligato Recitative\" to a piece whose third movementis based around a namesake \"Farben\" chord. His Op. 9 is a one-movement chamber piece with five distinctsections comprising an exposition, scherzo, development, slow movement, and recapitulation. He is notAnton Webern, but he wrote an E major Chamber Symphony No. 1 and a set of Five Pieces for Orchestra. Themovement \"Moondrunk\" opens his setting of twenty-one poems sung in the Sprechstimme style. A womanreveals she is pregnant with another man's child in this composer's setting of a Richard Dehmel poem. For 10points, name this composer of Pierrot Lunaire and Transfigured Night, who invented the twelve-tone technique. ", "answer": "Arnold Schoenberg", "page": "Arnold_Schoenberg", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121779, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131918, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 155], [156, 299], [300, 409], [410, 503], [504, 612], [613, 728]], "first_sentence": "This composer reluctantly added titles such as \"The Obbligato Recitative\" to a piece whose third movementis based around a namesake \"Farben\" chord.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A reservoir in this state, which flooded the former villages of Ashland and Kent, supplies sixty percent of itsdrinking water. In 2011, its city of Central Falls declared bankruptcy and has contemplated merging with itssouthern neighbor, whose namesake \"Falls\" mark the boundary between the estuarine Seekonk and theBlackstone River. This home of Scituate Reservoir is also home to a city which was the epicenter of the colonialslave trade and whose \"cottages\" include Land's End and The Breakers. Pawtucket is found in this state, whoseAquidneck Island is home to Newport and is situated in Narragansett Bay. For 10 points, what Ocean State isthe smallest by area in the U.S., and has its capital at Providence? ", "answer": "Rhode Island [or Rhode Island and Providence Plantations] ", "page": "Rhode_Island", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121778, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131919, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 333], [334, 497], [498, 609], [610, 712]], "first_sentence": "A reservoir in this state, which flooded the former villages of Ashland and Kent, supplies sixty percent of itsdrinking water.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During a conflict over this resource, the Numancia became the first ironclad ship to circumnavigate theworld. This resource was mined on Navassa Island, which is now disputed by the United States and Haiti.Isabella II warred with former Spanish colonies in the Chincha Islands, a center for mining this resource. An1856 act passed by James Buchanan allowed American citizens to seize islands abundant in this resource,including the Swan Islands now owned by Honduras. Peru heavily exported this nitrogen-rich resource in thenineteenth century. For 10 points, name this fertilizer produced from the droppings of bats and seabirds. ", "answer": "guano [prompt on excrement or equivalents] ", "page": "Guano", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121777, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131920, "tokenizations": [[0, 109], [110, 206], [206, 312], [313, 467], [468, 543], [544, 629]], "first_sentence": "During a conflict over this resource, the Numancia became the first ironclad ship to circumnavigate theworld.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This phenomenon occurs when free flow transitions to synchronized flow, which can further transitioninto its wide-moving form, according to Boris Kerner's three phase theory. In a famous example of induceddemand, increasing capacity does not, in the long-term, decrease the incidence of this phenomenon becauseadditional peak-period trips take place until its incidence is back to previous levels. Some theories about thisphenomenon were formulated based on data collected from the Bundesautobahn 5. HOV lanes are designed todecrease the incidence of this phenomenon. For 10 points, name this transportation phenomenon oftenencountered during rush hour, in which an excess of cars leads to a slowdown in travel times. ", "answer": "traffic congestion [or traffic jams; or traffic congestion; or traffic jams]", "page": "Traffic_congestion", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121776, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131921, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 397], [398, 499], [500, 567], [568, 717]], "first_sentence": "This phenomenon occurs when free flow transitions to synchronized flow, which can further transitioninto its wide-moving form, according to Boris Kerner's three phase theory.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This prophet cuts his hair into three parts and burns one portion, cuts up the second portion, and scattersthe third portion in the wind; he also spends a year lying on his side. This prophet envisions a new city named\"The Lord Is There\" and details the architecture of a Third Temple. He declares that that God will strike downGog, ruler of Magog (MAY-gog), and bury his army in the Valley of Hamon-Gog. This prophet witnesses fourcreatures, each with faces of a human, a lion, an ox, and an eagle, who are carrying a flaming chariot. Later, hetravels to a valley where he brings dry bones to life. For 10 points, name this third of the Major Prophets whosebook follows those by Isaiah and Jeremiah. ", "answer": "Ezekiel [or Y'hez'qel; or Duhl-Kifl]", "page": "Ezekiel", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121775, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131922, "tokenizations": [[0, 178], [179, 212], [213, 285], [286, 404], [405, 535], [536, 599], [600, 700]], "first_sentence": "This prophet cuts his hair into three parts and burns one portion, cuts up the second portion, and scattersthe third portion in the wind; he also spends a year lying on his side.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artist's brother was an inept painter nicknamed \"The Splinter.\" This artist depicted the infant Jesuseating grapes in his earliest-attested painting, the San Giovenale Triptych. This artist carved a Latin inscriptionreading \"I once was what you are and what I am you also will be\" atop a skeleton resting on a cadaver tomb in aversion of the Crucifixion under a Roman-style coffered barrel vault in the church of Santa Maria Novella. Hepainted an angel with a flaming sword chasing Adam and Eve in one painting, and depicted St. Peterextracting a coin from a fish's mouth in another. For 10 points, name this Renaissance artist whose BrancacciChapel paintings include The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden and The Tribute Money.", "answer": "Masaccio [or Tonmaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone Cassai]", "page": "Masaccio", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121774, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131923, "tokenizations": [[0, 67], [67, 182], [183, 230], [230, 267], [268, 438], [439, 588], [589, 733]], "first_sentence": "This artist's brother was an inept painter nicknamed \"The Splinter.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This action was similar to one which occurred in Syracuse and used leaves, or petala. An illiterate farmer once calledfor this action because he was sick of hearing a leader referred to as \"the Just.\" An instance of this action occurred after aman built a sanctuary to Artemis of the Best Advice and put a statue of himself inside it. Aristotle claims that, for its firstthree years, the targets of this action were exclusively \"friends of the tyrants,\" the relations of Pisistratus. At least 6,000pottery shards had to be collected for this practice to occur. This practice did not deprive its victims of property rights orcitizenship during the ten year period it imposed. For 10 points, name this Athenian practice by which citizens could bebanished by popular vote. ", "answer": "ostracism [or other word forms; prompt on answers like banishment or exile]", "page": "Ostracism", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121773, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131924, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 200], [201, 334], [335, 483], [484, 560], [561, 674], [675, 769]], "first_sentence": "This action was similar to one which occurred in Syracuse and used leaves, or petala.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a play by this author, a huge effigy of the title character shaking his head and carrying a Bible withcrossed-out pages is paraded around in a float. A series of characters draw lots and receive the black cross ofdeath at the start of a play by this author interspersed with musical numbers like the \"Fraternization Song,\"sung by the army camp prostitute Yvette. In another of his plays, Andrea visits his former master, who is livingunder house arrest despite having recanted his scientific beliefs. The title character of his best-known playresolutely pulls the wagon despite the murder of Kattrin and the executions of Eilif and Swiss Cheese duringthe Thirty Years War. For 10 points, name this German dramatist of Mother Courage and Her Children.", "answer": "Bertolt Brecht", "page": "Bertolt_Brecht", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121772, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131925, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 365], [366, 503], [504, 657], [658, 675], [676, 753]], "first_sentence": "In a play by this author, a huge effigy of the title character shaking his head and carrying a Bible withcrossed-out pages is paraded around in a float.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The 1963 murder of Edmund Assare-Addo prompted African students to protest in this area. In 2013, as partof an act titled Fixation, a performance artist sat naked in this area with a nail driven through his scrotum.Orthodox Patriarchs once rode through this present-day area on a donkey during Palm Sunday. Mathias Rustlanded a Cessna plane in this area in 1987. Tanks and missiles were paraded through this place on Victory Day.The quote \"Lazar! Put it back!\" is attributed to a premier seeing a model of this area that omitted St. Basil'sCathedral. For 10 points, name this area next to the Kremlin, the central square of Moscow, Russia.", "answer": "Red Square [or Krasnaya Ploshchad; prompt on descriptive answers that mention Moscow until \"Moscow\" is read; do not accept \"the Kremlin\"] ", "page": "Red_Square", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121771, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131926, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 215], [215, 306], [307, 362], [363, 429], [429, 446], [447, 550], [551, 639]], "first_sentence": "The 1963 murder of Edmund Assare-Addo prompted African students to protest in this area.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The bregma is the intersection of two regions of this structure. Battle's sign may arise from the basilar typeof damage to this structure. Diploe [dip-lo-ee] forms a cancellous region between the outer and vitreous tablesof this structure. It's not the tooth, but Sharpey's fibers bind a type of synarthrodial fibrous joint only found inthis structure. A gland is positioned in a depression in this bony structure known as the sella turcica, which isa region of its sphenoid bone. In infancy, this structure's calvaria normally has fontanelles, or \"soft spots,\" dueto incomplete fusion of sutures, which join parts of it such as the parietal and frontal bones. For 10 points,name this bony structure that encases the brain. ", "answer": "cranium [or skull cap; or word forms, such as cranial]", "page": "Skull", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121770, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131927, "tokenizations": [[0, 64], [65, 138], [139, 239], [240, 352], [353, 480], [481, 660], [661, 723]], "first_sentence": "The bregma is the intersection of two regions of this structure.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, a man hanging onto a branch is mercifully killed with the last bullet of a character whoconstantly calls himself a \"man of no cross.\" A soldier in this novel pretends to be a doctor so that he can savehis beloved by wrapping her in a blanket and running away with a man dressed up as a bear. A man known as\"Le Renard Subtil\" in this novel lost his position after becoming an alcoholic. Near its end, a crowd awaits theverdict concerning \"La Longue Carabine\" given by the elder Tamanend. It opens as General Webb organizes amarch toward Fort William Henry, while Duncan Heyward accompanies the Munro sisters. For 10 points,name this novel in which Uncas and Hawk-Eye fight the Hurons in upstate New York, by James FenimoreCooper. ", "answer": "The Last of the Mohicans", "page": "The_Last_of_the_Mohicans", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121769, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131928, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 306], [307, 400], [401, 501], [502, 622], [623, 743]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, a man hanging onto a branch is mercifully killed with the last bullet of a character whoconstantly calls himself a \"man of no cross.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man commissioned Christian Wilhelm Dohm to write a book on \"civil improvement\" and wrote a nonKantianessay entitled \"What is Enlightenment,\" which answers the question with \"bildung\" or the cultivationof human talents. This man responded to rumors that his friend had made a deathbed confession to being afollower of Spinoza by writing Morning Hours and To Lessing's Friends in denunciation of pantheism. This manbegan to doubt the possibility of assimilation after engaging in a debate with Johann Caspar Lavater in whichhe promised to convert to Christianity if he did not prevail. For 10 points, name this author of Jerusalem: Or, onreligious power and Judaism, who was a leading member of the \"haskala\" movement and grandfather ofcomposer Felix. ", "answer": "Moses Mendelssohn [or Moshe ben Mendel mi-Dessau] ", "page": "Moses_Mendelssohn", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121768, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131929, "tokenizations": [[0, 223], [224, 409], [410, 588], [589, 634], [635, 754]], "first_sentence": "This man commissioned Christian Wilhelm Dohm to write a book on \"civil improvement\" and wrote a nonKantianessay entitled \"What is Enlightenment,\" which answers the question with \"bildung\" or the cultivationof human talents.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Early 20th century politics in this country were dominated by its Agrarian National Union. A blind faithhealer and mystic from this country, Baba Vanga, had a controversial relationship with Lyudmila, thedaughter of its longtime ruler. This country pursued the Treaty of Craiova to recover territory lost in theTreaty of Neuilly, its \"second national catastrophe,\" which saw it lose Southern Dobruja. A ricin-injectingumbrella was used to kill Georgi Markov, who fled this country's communist regime under Todor Zhivkov. For10 points, name this eastern European country with capital at Sofia.", "answer": "Bulgaria", "page": "Bulgaria", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121767, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131930, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 235], [236, 400], [401, 520], [521, 592]], "first_sentence": "Early 20th century politics in this country were dominated by its Agrarian National Union.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An argument between two native women in this country over Captain William Darby Brind led to the Girls'War. This country is where the missionary Carl Volkner was beheaded by members of the Pai Mariremovement. A conflict in this country was sparked by the cutting of a flagstaff. Nearly seventy crew members ofthe Boyd were eaten by this country's natives. After captaining the HMS Beagle, Robert FitzRoy served twoyears as this country's governor. The Musket Wars took place in this country, where William Hobson met withnative leaders to sign the Treaty of Waitangi. For 10 points, name this Pacific country home to the Maori. ", "answer": "New Zealand [or Aotearoa] ", "page": "New_Zealand", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121766, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131931, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 208], [209, 278], [279, 355], [356, 447], [448, 567], [568, 627]], "first_sentence": "An argument between two native women in this country over Captain William Darby Brind led to the Girls'War.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artist depicted numerous bowler hatted men sitting under a pier in a work titled \"The Short Tail Gang.\"This artist wrote a very short children's book titled Is There a Santa Claus? In one work of art by this man, atleast ten threatening looking toughs stare at the viewer while standing in a back alley at 59 \u00c2\u00bd Mulberry Street.Another of his artworks, subtitled \"Five Cents a Spot,\" is set at Bayard Street and shows lodgers crammed intoa dirty bedroom. This artist created works like \"Bandit's Roost\" using a magnesium flash. His best known workis subtitled \"studies among the tenements of New York.\" For 10 points, name this photographer and journalistwho wrote How the Other Half Lives. ", "answer": "Jacob Riis", "page": "Jacob_Riis", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121765, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131932, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 161], [162, 185], [186, 333], [333, 459], [460, 532], [533, 607], [608, 695]], "first_sentence": "This artist depicted numerous bowler hatted men sitting under a pier in a work titled \"The Short Tail", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The van Laar equation defines the excess of this quantity based on component mole fractions. In proteinfolding calculations, the phi value is a ratio of two forms of this quantity, preceded by two deltas. Thedefinition of exergy is nearly identical to this other quantity. Phase equilibrium occurs where two surfaces forthis property, in different phases, intersect. This quantity uses temperature and pressure as its naturalvariables. Any thermodynamic driving force must cause this quantity to decrease. At standard state, the cellvoltage times nF equals this quantity. It is defined as the enthalpy minus temperature times entropy. For 10points, name this quantity whose change is negative in spontaneous processes, which is symbolized G. ", "answer": "Gibbs free energy [or G until \"symbolized\" is read; prompt on free energy; prompt on chemical potential or mu] ", "page": "Gibbs_free_energy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121764, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131933, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 204], [205, 272], [273, 366], [367, 435], [436, 505], [506, 571], [572, 634], [635, 741]], "first_sentence": "The van Laar equation defines the excess of this quantity based on component mole fractions.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "To boost interest in this group, James Colescott lowered membership fees to six dollars. Elizabeth Tyler andEdward Clarke were two public relations agents that improved this group's image, with Tyler publishing itsnewspaper, The Searchlight. This organization's \"northern realm\" was led by a rival of its leader Hiram WesleyEvans. This group sagged in popularity after the conviction of D.C. Stephenson for rape and murder. Itssecond incarnation was founded by William Simmons at Stone Mountain in 1915. Interest in this groupexploded after the success of D.W. Griffith's film The Birth of a Nation. For 10 points, name this group of whitehooded nativists who burn crosses. ", "answer": "Ku Klux Klan [or KKK; or the Klan] ", "page": "Ku_Klux_Klan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121763, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131934, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 241], [242, 330], [331, 423], [424, 503], [504, 599], [600, 673]], "first_sentence": "To boost interest in this group, James Colescott lowered membership fees to six dollars.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "L.G. Freeman argued that the Spanish sites of Ambrona and Torralba provide evidence that this speciescould organize to hunt large animals. This species developed teardrop-shaped hand axes while being the firstto use the Acheulean tool making tradition. The name for this species was first proposed by Ernst Haeckel, theteacher of Eugene Dubois. A site with fossils of this species was excavated by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin andFranz Weidenreich. This hominid species, which lived about 1.8 million years ago, was the first to appearoutside of Africa. Examples of this extinct species include Peking Man and Turkana Boy. For 10 points, namethis hominid species whose name is Latin for \"upright man.\"", "answer": "Homo erectus [or H. erectus; or Pithecanthropus erectus; or P. erectus; or Homo ergaster; or H. ergaster]", "page": "Homo_erectus", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121761, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131936, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 252], [253, 344], [345, 446], [447, 551], [552, 620], [621, 699]], "first_sentence": "L.G. Freeman argued that the Spanish sites of Ambrona and Torralba provide evidence that this speciescould organize to hunt large animals.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer included a duet between a clarinet and the soloist in the second cadenza of the \"Allegro confermezza\" first movement of his violin concerto. Performances of a concerto by this composer made pianistWilliam Kapell famous. That piece uses an F-B double-flat-A flat theme and includes a flexatone part. HisViolin Concerto was written for David Oistrakh. An adagio depicting carpet weavers appears in a ballet by thiscomposer whose title character marries Kazakov after her husband Giko sets fire to a cotton warehouse. Anexcerpt from that ballet about workers on a collective farm begins with the xylophone playing F-sharp eighthnotes. For 10 points, name this Armenian Soviet composer whose Gayane includes the \"Sabre Dance.\" ", "answer": "Aram Khachaturian [or Aram Il'yich Khachaturian]", "page": "Aram_Khachaturian", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121760, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131937, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [155, 233], [234, 312], [313, 363], [364, 528], [529, 645], [646, 736]], "first_sentence": "This composer included a duet between a clarinet and the soloist in the second cadenza of the \"Allegro confermezza\" first movement of his violin concerto.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This phenomenon gives rises to the inversion of the nitrogen atom in an ammonia molecule, splitting the ground state vibrational level. In a device that relies on this process, an increase in voltage is accompanied by a decrease in current, forming a region of negative resistance. This process is responsible for a form of magnetoresistance used by the read heads of hard drives. Finding the probability of this phenomenon is a prime application of the WKB approximation because it can be exact for this phenomenon. George Gamow was able to calculate the correct rate of alpha decay by supposing that this phenomenon was responsible. For10 points, name this purely quantum phenomenon in which a particle traverses a classically impenetrable barrier without going over it.", "answer": "quantum mechanical tunneling", "page": "Quantum_tunnelling", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121759, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131938, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 281], [282, 380], [381, 516], [517, 634], [635, 772]], "first_sentence": "This phenomenon gives rises to the inversion of the nitrogen atom in an ammonia molecule, splitting the ground state vibrational level.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a novel, these objects are variously described as Ee Gee, the amazing editor, an Olympic lady crewchampion, and a brilliant professor. Esther says, \"I saw my life branching out before me\" and describes \"everybranch, like a fat purple\" one of these objects in The Bell Jar. These objects name a collection containing theline, \"We were very tired, we were very merry,\" that ends with a sonnet opening, \"I shall forget you presently,my dear.\" \"Recuerdo\" and a two-line poem beginning, \"Safe upon the solid rock the ugly houses stand,\" follow apoem that opens, \"My candle burns at both ends,\" in that collection titled after this fruit. For 10 points, namethese fruits, \"a few\" of which title a collection by Edna St. Vincent Millay.", "answer": "figs", "page": "FIGS", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121758, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131939, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 275], [276, 442], [443, 635], [636, 732]], "first_sentence": "In a novel, these objects are variously described as Ee Gee, the amazing editor, an Olympic lady crewchampion, and a brilliant professor.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the Iliad, this man recounts how Hera influenced both the premature birth of Eurystheus and the delayedbirth of Heracles, which caused Zeus to banish the goddess Ate (AH-tee) from Olympus. This warrior remainsunharmed when a spear strikes his silver belt and its point uselessly bends. This man kills Iphidamas, but iswounded by his brother Co\u00c3\u00b6n (coh-AHN). This hero's arrogance is rebuked by the repugnant Thersites. Thiswarrior ends Apollo's plague by returning Chryseis to the Trojans, but fuels the rage of Achilles when he seizesBriseis as compensation. Electra and Orestes avenge this man's death, brought on in part by his wifeClytemnestra. For 10 points, name this Mycenaean king who leads the Greek army in the Trojan War. ", "answer": "Agamemnon", "page": "Agamemnon", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121757, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 131940, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 191], [192, 288], [289, 360], [361, 421], [422, 562], [563, 651], [652, 735]], "first_sentence": "In the Iliad, this man recounts how Hera influenced both the premature birth of Eurystheus and the delayedbirth of Heracles, which caused Zeus to banish the goddess", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer's final piano sonata includes a scherzo marked Allegro vivace con delicatezza and begins with alengthy Molto moderato movement in B-flat major. He may have originally intended his Piano Trio No. 1 in Bflatmajor to include his Notturno in E-flat major as one of its movements. This composer included two cellos,rather than the traditional two violas, in his String Quintet in C major. One of his string quartets ends with a Dminor tarantella and includes a second-movement set of variations on the song \"Death and the Maiden.\" Thiscomposer included a double bass instead of a second violin in a piano quintet whose fourth movement quoteshis own lied \"Die Forelle.\" For 10 points, name this composer of the Trout Quintet.", "answer": "Franz Schubert [or Franz Peter Schubert]", "page": "Franz_Schubert", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121673, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132024, "tokenizations": [[0, 157], [158, 289], [290, 397], [398, 538], [538, 539], [540, 677], [678, 733]], "first_sentence": "This composer's final piano sonata includes a scherzo marked Allegro vivace con delicatezza and begins with alengthy Molto moderato movement in B-flat major.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This scientist revealed that an obviously fake seven-headed hydra owned by the burgomeister of Hamburgwas, in fact, fake. The twinflower was named for this man after his expedition to Lapland to study the Sami,which resulted in the book Flora Lapponica. He inverted the Celsius scale to make 0 degrees the freezing point,and inaugurated the field of phenology with Calendarium Florae. Carl Peter Thunberg was among the \"apostles\"this man sent on collecting expeditions around the world. He wrote Philosophia Botanica shortly after becomingrector of Uppsala University. This scientist, the type specimen of Homo sapiens, founded modern taxonomywith his Systema Naturae. For 10 points, name this Swedish naturalist who invented binomial nomenclature.", "answer": "Carolus Linnaeus", "page": "Carl_Linnaeus", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121672, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132025, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 253], [254, 384], [385, 486], [487, 568], [569, 668], [669, 748]], "first_sentence": "This scientist revealed that an obviously fake seven-headed hydra owned by the burgomeister of Hamburgwas, in fact, fake.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An Emlen funnel is most often used to study behavior linked to this phenomenon. The forebrain regionCluster N may assist this process through a quantum-entangling radical pair mechanism induced bycryptochrome activation in the retina. Anxiety during this process is called Zugunruhe. Vagrants can resultfrom defects in this process such as spring overshoot. The trigeminal nerve is thought to facilitate this processby transducing signals from magnetite-based receptors in the beak. Planetarium studies show that in somespecies it may be performed using celestial navigation. The record for this yearly action is held by the arctictern. For 10 points, name this mass seasonal movement undertaken by geese.", "answer": "bird migration [or migrating; prompt on orientation; prompt on animal behavior until \"behavior\" is read; prompt on navigation until it is read]", "page": "Bird_migration", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121671, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132026, "tokenizations": [[0, 79], [80, 234], [235, 283], [284, 357], [358, 482], [483, 575], [576, 636], [637, 705]], "first_sentence": "An Emlen funnel is most often used to study behavior linked to this phenomenon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 2008 issue of Time Magazine received criticism for depicting this action with its central object replacedby a tree. A person involved in this action lived on a Gila Indian reservation in Arizona and died as a result ofhis alcoholism. Another person involved in this action was erroneously identified as Hank Hansen, and was inreality Harlon Block. The first attempt at this action ended after James Forrestal asked to take its central objectas a souvenir. Ira Hayes participated in this action, which inspired Felix de Weldon to create the Marine CorpsWar Memorial outside of Arlington National Cemetery. This action was famously depicted in a photograph byJoe Rosenthal. For 10 points, identify this action done by six soldiers atop Mount Suribachi.", "answer": "raising the flag on Iwo Jima [or equivalents involving Mount Suribachi until it is read; prompt on partial answer]", "page": "Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121670, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132027, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 235], [236, 349], [350, 457], [458, 606], [607, 673], [674, 752]], "first_sentence": "A 2008 issue of Time Magazine received criticism for depicting this action with its central object replacedby a tree.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this poem recalls \"a day when historians left blanks in their writings\" and states \"theblossoms of the apricot blow from the east to the west and I have tried to keep them from falling.\" The line\"Pull down thy vanity\" is repeated in this poem. In this poem, Acoetes describes the appearance of vines andlynxes on a pirate ship after the exclamation \"Hang it all, Robert Browning!\" This poem attacks money-lendingin its \"with usura\" section. The first part of this poem is adapted from the Odyssey and begins, \"And then wentdown to the ship.\" One section of this poem quotes from the writings of John Adams, and another was writtenwhile the author was imprisoned in Pisa. For 10 points, name this lengthy unfinished poem by Ezra Pound.", "answer": "The Cantos ", "page": "The_Cantos", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121669, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132028, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 200], [200, 258], [259, 365], [365, 395], [396, 455], [456, 555], [555, 556], [557, 685], [686, 749]], "first_sentence": "A character in this poem recalls \"a day when historians left blanks in their writings\" and states \"theblossoms of the apricot blow from the east to the west", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "It's not behavior, but Ulric Neisser coined the term for the \"echoic\" form of this process. A model of thisprocess includes a component known as the \"episodic buffer.\" John Palmer co-led a study showing that thisprocess was affected by verb choice like \"collided\" and \"smashed\" in analyzing a car crash. The conductor ofthat study observed errors in this process when participants in another study were told that they became lostin a shopping mall. The serial position effect explains troubles with this process, which was studied byElizabeth Loftus. George Miller proposed that \"seven plus or minus two\" bits of information can be held by the\"working\" form of this process. For 10 points, identify this process that is impaired by amnesia. ", "answer": "memory", "page": "Memory", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121668, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132029, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 167], [168, 303], [304, 448], [449, 550], [551, 674], [675, 740]], "first_sentence": "It's not behavior, but Ulric Neisser coined the term for the \"echoic\" form of this process.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play explains her fear of \"endless bitterness\" while her servant combs her hair. This playends with a lyric poem describing a knife that \"stops there in the quivering dark roots of the scream.\" In ascene from this play, a man asks a former flame whether she has received an orange corsage. Act III of thisplay opens with three woodsmen discussing the events of Act II, before a Beggar Woman prophesies thecoming tragedy while talking to a white-faced personification of the Moon. This play's title event isinterrupted by a man who is often reported as riding a horse near the estate, Leonardo Felix. For 10 points,name this play about the ill-fated marriage between the Bride and Bridegroom, by Federico Garcia Lorca.", "answer": "Blood Wedding [or Bodas de sangre]", "page": "Blood_Wedding", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121667, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132030, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 212], [212, 309], [310, 499], [500, 619], [620, 737]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play explains her fear of \"endless bitterness\" while her servant combs her hair.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A film center in this city is rumored to be haunted, since over a hundred workers were supposedly buriedalive in cement during its construction. A seaside park in this city now contains the Noli Me Tangere Gardenin honor of the park's namesake. The abac\u00c3\u00a1 plant was made into a type of durable hemp nicknamed for thiscity. Like Baguio (BAHG-yo) to its north, this city was redesigned by Daniel Burnham. Spanish ships thattraveled between this city and Acapulco were known as its namesake \"galleons.\" One of this capital city's majorroads is named for a former Governor-General, William Howard Taft. Quezon City is grouped into this city'smetropolitan area. For 10 points, name this capital of the Philippines.", "answer": "Manila", "page": "Manila", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121666, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132031, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 244], [245, 322], [323, 402], [403, 498], [498, 499], [500, 598], [599, 656], [657, 709]], "first_sentence": "A film center in this city is rumored to be haunted, since over a hundred workers were supposedly buriedalive in cement during its construction.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this man's paintings is traditionally covered up by a flag when exams are held in the gallery that it'sin, due to rumors that it can drive viewers to suicide. This artist satirized the legal profession in a painting inwhich a French poodle sits as the judge, titled Laying Down the Law. This artist painted the wreckage of JohnFranklin's lost expedition to the Northwest Passage being torn up by two polar bears in his painting ManProposes, God Disposes. This artist's most reproduced painting, set in the sunlit Scottish Highlands, depicts astag looking proudly up at the sky. For 10 points, name this British artist who sculpted the four bronze lions inTrafalgar Square and painted The Monarch of the Glen", "answer": "Edwin Landseer [or Sir Edwin Henry Landseer]", "page": "Edwin_Landseer", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121665, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132032, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [166, 293], [294, 461], [462, 584], [585, 714]], "first_sentence": "One of this man's paintings is traditionally covered up by a flag when exams are held in the gallery that it'sin, due to rumors that it can drive viewers to suicide.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This book has been criticized for switching between differential and physiocratic theories of rent. The fourprinciples of a good tax system outlined in this book are proportionality, transparency, convenience, and easyenforceability. This book analyzes the history of the ban on exporting live sheep in its discussion of monopolypower, and it claims that the relationship between income and fertility creates a wage floor that is static in thelong-term in its \"subsistence theory of wages.\" The start of this book contains a description of a factory wherea 2000-fold increase in productivity was achieved by the division of labor. For 10 points, name this 1776 textwhich denounces mercantilism and explains the functioning of the \"invisible hand,\" written by Adam Smith.", "answer": "The Wealth of Nations [or An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations] ", "page": "The_Wealth_of_Nations", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121664, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132033, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 233], [234, 489], [489, 630], [631, 770]], "first_sentence": "This book has been criticized for switching between differential and physiocratic theories of rent.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This group settled the strategically-critical city of Naupactus. Part of this group was given garlands andslain at the temple of Poseidon at Taenarus. This group staged a revolt after an earthquake took place at theTaygetus Mountains in 464 BC. Many of them received their status after two Messenian Wars. These people,who could become mothakes by completing the agoge, could often be indiscriminately killed by the krypteia.Every autumn, the ephors declared war on these people, who could become neodamodes by serving as hoplites orpaying a sum of 500 drachmas. For 10 points, name these people subjugated by the Spartan state.", "answer": "helots [prompt on Spartan slaves]", "page": "Helots", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121663, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132034, "tokenizations": [[0, 64], [65, 150], [151, 244], [245, 305], [306, 425], [425, 562], [563, 628]], "first_sentence": "This group settled the strategically-critical city of Naupactus.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the fourth section of this poem, the speaker observes that \"flowers have been known to heal a commonman's despair.\" In this poem, the Chaplain refuses to pray beside the corpse of a man who \"did not wear hisscarlet coat, for blood and wine are red.\" This poem chiasmatically describes a man for whom \"mourners willbe outcast men, and outcasts always mourn,\" a passage chosen as the epitaph of the author, who wrote itunder the pseudonym C.3.3. This poem declares that \"some do it with a bitter look, some with a flatteringword,\" to elaborate upon his assertion that \"each man kills the thing he loves.\" For 10 points, name this poemin which Oscar Wilde describes his imprisonment for homosexuality in the title place.", "answer": " \"The Ballad of Reading Gaol\" ", "page": "The_Ballad_of_Reading_Gaol", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121662, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132035, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [117, 251], [251, 446], [447, 605], [606, 720]], "first_sentence": "In the fourth section of this poem, the speaker observes that \"flowers have been known to heal a commonman's despair.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Along with John Allen, this man intervened in a child custody dispute to help out mutual friend NatalieKhawam. He acquired the nickname \"Peaches\" as a youth because his name was viewed as too hard to say. A2007 advertisement from MoveOn.org claimed this man was \"cooking the books for the White House.\" Hisreputation was tarnished after the FBI received a complaint about cyberstalking from Florida socialite JillKelley, who was being harassed by this man's mistress. He recently pled guilty to misdemeanor chargesregarding classified information that stemmed from his affair with Paula Broadwell, the author of hisbiography All In. For 10 points, name this four-star general and former CIA chief.", "answer": "David Petraeus ", "page": "David_Petraeus", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121661, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132036, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 204], [205, 301], [301, 467], [468, 632], [633, 697]], "first_sentence": "Along with John Allen, this man intervened in a child custody dispute to help out mutual friend NatalieKhawam.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This composer's final keyboard concerto ends with a D major \"Rondo all'Ungarese.\" This composer wrote hisCello Concerto No. 1 in C major, a key he also used for a mass whose Agnus Dei introduces ominous timpanistrokes and trumpet fanfares to evoke the title phenomenon. Like Johann Nepomuk Hummel, this composerwrote a concerto for the new keyed trumpet invented by Anton Weidinger. This composer of the Mass in Timeof War wrote a symphony whose second movement prominently features a triangle, a pair of cymbals, and abass drum, in order to imitate Turkish music. Another of his symphonies ends with all but two musiciansleaving the stage. For 10 points, name this composer of symphonies nicknamed Military, Farewell, and Surprise.", "answer": "Franz Joseph Haydn", "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121660, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132037, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [80, 269], [270, 382], [383, 564], [565, 640], [641, 732]], "first_sentence": "This composer's final keyboard concerto ends with a D major \"Rondo all'Ungarese.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An oracle tells a king of this city that he can win a war if he sacrifices one of his daughters; when he does so,his other daughters all commit suicide together. A princess of this city turns into stone when she blocks adoorway to keep Mercury from reaching her sister. A woman from this city murders and cooks her son Itys,and her sister turns into a nightingale after weaving a tapestry depicting her rape and mutilation by Tereus.Herse and Philomela are from this city, in which Poseidon summons saltwater from a spring, only to lose itspatronage to a goddess that brings forth an olive tree. A king of this city navigates the Labyrinth and slays theMinotaur. For 10 points, name this Attican city named for the Greek counterpart to Minerva.", "answer": "Athens", "page": "Athens", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121658, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132039, "tokenizations": [[0, 161], [162, 269], [270, 433], [433, 595], [596, 662], [663, 744]], "first_sentence": "An oracle tells a king of this city that he can win a war if he sacrifices one of his daughters; when he does so,his other daughters all commit suicide together.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Sylvester's theorem equates this function of the identity plus A times B to this function of identity plus Btimes A. This function is the unique antisymmetric multilinear form which takes the set of standard basisvectors to one. This quantity can be written as the sum over all permutations sigma of the sign of sigma timesan expansion term, the product of a sub i comma sigma i, which is known as expansion by cofactors. It givesthe area of the parallelogram formed by two vectors. The solutions to a system of linear equations are a ratio oftwo of these quantities, by Cramer's Rule. If this quantity is non-zero, a matrix is invertible. For 10 points,name this quantity that for a two by two matrix is a times d minus b times c.", "answer": "determinant", "page": "Determinant", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121657, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132040, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 228], [229, 362], [363, 376], [377, 421], [422, 482], [483, 585], [586, 639], [640, 712], [713, 720], [721, 728], [729, 731]], "first_sentence": "Sylvester's theorem equates this function of the identity plus A times B to this function of identity plus", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Schechter Letter uses the name \"HLGW\" to describe a ruler of this empire who led two thousand boatstraveling on land to raid Constantinople, where he nailed his shield to the city gates. This empire sacked aneighboring state's city of Atil. Boleslaw the Brave intervened in a succession crisis in this empire, duringwhich he chipped his sword after striking its capital's Golden Gate. This empire's history is recorded inNestor's Primary Chronicle. A ruler of this empire was baptized at Chersonesus after marrying Basil II's sister,Anna. This empire, which conquered the Khazar Empire, was ruled by a dynasty began by Rurik. For 10 points,name this empire ruled by Yaroslav the Wise and Vladimir the Great from the modern-day capital of Ukraine.", "answer": "Kievan Rus [or Kiev] ", "page": "Kievan_Rus'", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121656, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132041, "tokenizations": [[0, 190], [191, 244], [245, 388], [389, 452], [453, 542], [543, 629], [630, 750]], "first_sentence": "The Schechter Letter uses the name \"HLGW\" to describe a ruler of this empire who led two thousand boatstraveling on land to raid Constantinople, where he nailed his shield to the city gates.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A correction functional for calculating this quantity equals the dot product of two gradients of a probabilityfunction, over eight times the probability, and is named for von Weizs\u00c3\u00a4cker. This quantity increases with thecurvature of a wavefunction since its operator is proportional to del-squared. Relativistically, this quantityequals m times c squared, times the Lorentz factor minus one. The maximum amount of this quantity equalsh-nu minus the workfunction in measurements of the photoelectric effect. Escape velocity is derived bysetting big G times two masses over the planetary radius equal to it. It is conserved for elastic collisions, butnot for inelastic collisions. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to half the mass times velocity squared.", "answer": "kinetic energy [or K; prompt on energy; do not accept \"potential energy\"]  ", "page": "Kinetic_energy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121655, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132042, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 298], [299, 391], [392, 506], [507, 605], [606, 678], [679, 759]], "first_sentence": "A correction functional for calculating this quantity equals the dot product of two gradients of a probabilityfunction, over eight times the probability, and is named for von Weizs\u00c3\u00a4cker.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem by this man begins with a Lord Oxford quotation that warns \"'Tis dangerous to be good,\" and istitled for a man who \"sits musing o'er his scars and wooden leg.\" The title subject of another of his poems is \"bynature's self in white arrayed,\" and is told by the speaker, \"when you die you are the same, the space between isbut an hour.\" That poem by this poet is addressed to a \"fair flower, that dost so comely grow.\" Another poem bythis writer begins, \"In spite of all the learned have said, I still my old opinion keep,\" and describes a site thatshows \"the fancies of a ruder race.\" For 10 points, name this \"Poet of the American Revolution\" who wrote \"TheWild Honeysuckle\" and \"The Indian Burying Ground.\"", "answer": "Philip Freneau [or Philip Morin Freneau]  ", "page": "Philip_Freneau", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121654, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132043, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [165, 341], [342, 423], [424, 590], [591, 714]], "first_sentence": "A poem by this man begins with a Lord Oxford quotation that warns \"'Tis dangerous to be good,\" and istitled for a man who \"sits musing o'er his scars and wooden leg.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An opera by this composer uses an onstage ensemble of three piccolos, six horns, a tam-tam, and a windmachine to depict an oncoming storm in Act III. In that opera by this composer, the protagonist ignores thenagging of her nurse Mary and sings \"Traft ihr das Schiff,\" her namesake ballad, to a chorus of young girls attheir spinning wheels. An opera by this composer ends as a character sings that her lover smiles \"softly andgently\" and that his dead body \"shines ever brighter\" in her final aria, the \"Liebestod.\" The prelude to that operaby him introduces a dissonant chord named for the first title character, a knight of the Round Table. For 10points, name this German composer of The Flying Dutchman and Tristan und Isolde.", "answer": "Richard Wagner [or Wilhelm Richard Wagner] ", "page": "Richard_Wagner", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "NASAT", "difficulty": "regular_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 121653, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132044, "tokenizations": [[0, 149], [150, 341], [342, 516], [517, 643], [644, 730]], "first_sentence": "An opera by this composer uses an onstage ensemble of three piccolos, six horns, a tam-tam, and a windmachine to depict an oncoming storm in Act III.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In many of these organisms, flagella are covered by lateral hairs called mastigonemes. Duringcytokinesis, some of these organisms form \"pit connections\" and \"pit plugs.\" A grouping of theseorganisms receives buoyancy from gas-filled structures called pneumatocysts (emphasize the \"U\" sound).Chlorophyte and charophyte ones possess both the a and b forms of chlorophyll. Most heterokonts arethese organisms. They produce the polysaccharide (*) agarose, and like Cyanobacteria, they can causediscolorations of water known as \"blooms.\" They range in size from the tiny phytoplankton diatoms to the massivegiant kelp. For 10 points, name these protists that come in brown, green, and red types.", "answer": " algae [prompt on protists; prompt on phytoplankton; accept heterokonts until mentioned; accept specific types of algae, such as brown algae or green algae or red algae]", "page": "Algae", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120804, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132887, "tokenizations": [[0, 86], [87, 168], [168, 369], [370, 406], [407, 531], [531, 613], [614, 690]], "first_sentence": "In many of these organisms, flagella are covered by lateral hairs called mastigonemes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The carpenter Joseph Arne was awarded a triumph for his role in this event. Mayor Flesselles wasexecuted for refusing to aid this event's participants, some of whom were crushed to death trying to obtainarms from Les Invalides. Stanislas Maillard received a set of never accepted surrender terms during thisevent, for which artillery was wheeled in by Pierre-Augustin Hulin from the Hotel de Ville. Three daysbefore this event, Jacques (*) Necker was dismissed as finance minister. The Marquis de Sade was transferred toan insane asylum from its location just days before this event, which liberated only seven prisoners. For 10 points,name this event. commemorated on a July 14th holiday, traditionally held to have kicked off the French Revolution.", "answer": "storming of the Bastille [accept equivalents that involve taking the Bastille; prompt on French Revolution] ", "page": "Storming_of_the_Bastille", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120803, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132888, "tokenizations": [[0, 75], [76, 227], [228, 398], [399, 481], [482, 621], [622, 652], [653, 750]], "first_sentence": "The carpenter Joseph Arne was awarded a triumph for his role in this event.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A 1993 History of this topic, which rejected the rational view of it, was written by John Keegan. Afrequently-read summary of this activity by a subordinate of Michel Ney named Baron Jomini wasoutmoded by a book which described the differences between expectations and reality as \"friction.\" Anearly treatise about this thing puts \"desperate ground\" at the end of a list of Nine (*) Situations. The ideathat this practice is \"the continuation of politics by other means\" was put forward in the 19th century by Carl vonClausewitz, whose writings reacted to the rise of its \"total\" form. The maxim \"Know your enemy, and you shallknow yourself\" comes from a text about it. For 10 points, name this type of organized violence whose \"art\" wasdescribed by Sun Tzu", "answer": " warfare [or military operations; prompt on military strategy or military tactics", "page": "War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120802, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132889, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 290], [290, 394], [395, 585], [586, 669], [670, 757]], "first_sentence": "A 1993 History of this topic, which rejected the rational view of it, was written by John Keegan.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A family of this ethnicity gives all its jewelry to David Clancy in order to retrieve their son from customsofficials in \"In the Land of the Free\", a story by an author of this ethnicity who was born Edith MaudEaton. Grace and Steve take on mythological roles and eventually abandon Dale in a restaurant in a playby an author of this ethnicity who also wrote a play in which Rene Gallimard kills himself after his longtermlover reveals that he is male. The author of (*) F.O.B. and M. Butterfly is of this ethnicity, as is the authorof a novel in which June, Rose, Lena, and the chess prodigy Waverly are the daughters of a quartet of mahjongplayingwomen called the Joy Luck Club. For 10 points, identify this ethnicity of Sui Sin Far (\"sway\" sin far),David Henry Hwang, and Amy Tan.", "answer": "Chinese-American [or Chinese-British-American; or Chinese-British-Canadian; or Chinese-BritishCanadian-American]", "page": "Chinese_Americans", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120801, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132890, "tokenizations": [[0, 216], [217, 452], [453, 680], [681, 783]], "first_sentence": "A family of this ethnicity gives all its jewelry to David Clancy in order to retrieve their son from customsofficials in \"In the Land of the Free\", a story by an author of this ethnicity who was born Edith MaudEaton.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A naval commander decided to wait twenty-seven more days before leaving this island after seeing alunar eclipse. The hot-blooded Lamachus got his army trapped in a ditch on this island, whose defensewas galvanized by Gylippus. Distracted defenders of this island were attacked during a festival to Artemisby Marcus Claudius Marcellus, whose forces were supposedly stymied by a (*) death ray made with a giantmirror and a mechanical claw that could drag entire ships out of the water. Nicias was executed at the end of amilitary campaign against this island planned by Alcibiades. While drawing circles, Archimedes was killed by Romansoldiers on this island. For 10 points, name this island, the target of an Athenian \"expedition\" that failed to captureSyracuse.", "answer": " Sicily", "page": "Sicily", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120800, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132891, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 226], [227, 483], [484, 579], [580, 657], [658, 761]], "first_sentence": "A naval commander decided to wait twenty-seven more days before leaving this island after seeing alunar eclipse.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One event planned in this country intended to use a special cooling technology developed by theBritish firm Arup. Carnegie Mellon's first undergraduate branch campus opened in this country'sextensive Education City. This country gave a 3.4 million dollar bribe to the daughter of Ricardo Teixeirain order to secure a 2010 (*) vote in its favor from Brazil. As many as one Nepalese migrant dies per dayconstructing this country's Lusail City, which is being built in preparation for an event moved to wintertime by anorganization led by Sepp Blatter. The Al-Thani family rules this country where Al Jazeera is based. For 10 points,name this Middle East country slated to host the 2022 World Cup.", "answer": "State of Qatar", "page": "Qatar", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120799, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132892, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 215], [216, 356], [357, 549], [550, 615], [616, 694]], "first_sentence": "One event planned in this country intended to use a special cooling technology developed by theBritish firm Arup.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Once every twelve years in several of these structures, a ceremony is performed during which aheavenly silver wire enters a granite sculpture. Most of these structures follow an 8-by-8 or a 9-by-9 squaregrid plan. The inner sanctum of these places is known as the \"womb chamber,\" and is often directlyunderneath a spire called the vimana. The term (*) prasada refers to both these buildings and to therefreshments served inside them after services. People remove their shoes before entering these religious structures,which contain murtis, or idols, of deities like Lakshmi or Ganesh. For 10 points, name these places of worship forthe predominant religion in India. ", "answer": "Hindu temples [or mandirs; or prasada before mentioned; prompt on partial answer; accept Hindu after \"places of worship\" is read] ", "page": "Hindu_temple", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120798, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132893, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 213], [214, 338], [339, 448], [449, 584], [585, 666]], "first_sentence": "Once every twelve years in several of these structures, a ceremony is performed during which aheavenly silver wire enters a granite sculpture.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "For a group of sets of this type in the plane, if any three of the sets intersect, then they all intersect byHelly's Theorem. Two disjoint open sets of this type can always be separated by a hyperplane. Jensen'sinequality applies to functions described by this adjective, and basically states that a function's averagevalue across inputs is greater than that function of the average of the inputs. The smallest set of this typethat encloses a given set is known as that set's (*) \"hull\" of this type. A shape has this property if all linesegments between points in it remain in the figure. A function is described by this word if its second derivative ispositive. For 10 points, give this word that denotes polygons whose internal angles are all less than 180 degrees.", "answer": "convexity [accept any word forms] ", "page": "Convex_polygon", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120797, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132894, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 202], [203, 397], [398, 500], [501, 589], [590, 663], [664, 768]], "first_sentence": "For a group of sets of this type in the plane, if any three of the sets intersect, then they all intersect byHelly's Theorem.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this author's protagonists becomes a blacksmith's apprentice after his friend Heilner isexpelled from the Maulbronn seminary, then later gets drunk and drowns in a river. Another of hisprotagonists plans to commit suicide at age fifty, but is delayed by a chance visit to the Black EagleTavern, where he learns to dance and meets his future lover Maria. The pressures of academia crush (*)Hans Giebenrath in one of this man's novels, while in another, a jazz saxophonist named Pablo takes theprotagonist to a hall of mirrors inside the Magic Theater. The title character of another of his novels abandons hisfriend Govinda and falls in love with the beautiful Kamala. For 10 points, name this German author who createdHarry Haller in Steppenwolf and wrote Siddhartha.", "answer": " Hermann Hesse ", "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120796, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132895, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 360], [361, 557], [558, 674], [675, 774]], "first_sentence": "One of this author's protagonists becomes a blacksmith's apprentice after his friend Heilner isexpelled from the Maulbronn seminary, then later gets drunk and drowns in a river.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Chris Burden created an \"Other\" version of this artwork, while Diane Carlson Evans raised funds for awomen's version of it. 287 additions were made to this work after its completion, and Duery Felton, Jr.organized a collection of objects left next to it. Viewers must walk down a slight grade to approach thiswork, whose two main components combine to form a \"V\" shape and are made from gabbro. The artistlater created a similar sculpture for (*) Montgomery, Alabama's Civil Rights Museum. This sculpture isaccompanied by Frederick Hart's The Three Soldiers. During its construction, a Purple Heart was thrown into theconcrete foundation. For 10 points, name this Maya Lin-designed memorial to American soldiers killed in an Asianconflict.", "answer": "Vietnam Veterans Memorial [or Vietnam Wall or Vietnam War Memorial]", "page": "Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120795, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132896, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 254], [255, 394], [395, 489], [490, 558], [559, 638], [639, 739]], "first_sentence": "Chris Burden created an \"Other\" version of this artwork, while Diane Carlson Evans raised funds for awomen's version of it.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The run-time of this procedure is measured by k, the clearing factor. Cesium chloride is used in theisopycnic form of this procedure, enabling identification of the AT to GC base pair ratio. A buffered tissuesample may be blended to homogenize the solution before performing the \"ultra\" type of this technique.Ribosomal subunits are distinguished based on their values for a parameter in this technique measured in(*) Svedberg units. This step of the cell fractionation process sediments a solution into a pellet and a supernatantand is often performed at 1200 rpm. For 10 points, name this technique in which a namesake machine separatescellular components by size or density by spinning it at a high angular velocity", "answer": "centrifugation [or word forms such as centrifuge; prompt on spinning down; prompt on sedimentation until it is read", "page": "Centrifugation", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120794, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132897, "tokenizations": [[0, 69], [70, 190], [191, 310], [310, 433], [434, 565], [566, 718]], "first_sentence": "The run-time of this procedure is measured by k, the clearing factor.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This composer's fifth symphony includes a frequently omitted part for the rare serpent instrument.He's not Hector Berlioz, but the second movement of his fourth symphony is sometimes described as a\"Pilgrim's March.\" The four movements of this composer's A minor third symphony are all performedwithout a break in between. The finale of his fifth symphony begins with a solo flute quoting the chorale A(*) Mighty Fortress Is Our God. This composer's A major fourth symphony ends with an A minor saltarello, while histhird symphony was inspired by the same trip that produced his Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, name thiscomposer of the Reformation, Scottish, and Italian symphonies, and incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.", "answer": "Felix Mendelssohn [Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy", "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120793, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132898, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [98, 215], [216, 321], [322, 401], [401, 432], [433, 596], [597, 734]], "first_sentence": "This composer's fifth symphony includes a frequently omitted part for the rare serpent instrument.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Rebecca Mead describes identifying with this character at age 17 in a book titled My Life In the novelin which this character appears. After encountering this character dressed in grey and lost in thought infront of the Sleeping Ariadne in the Vatican, Naumann paints a portrait of her as Santa Clara. Thiswoman's interest in improving the cottages of nearby tenant farmers attracts the interest of JamesChettam, who eventually marries her sister Celie. Her desire to help her husband research The (*) Key toAll Mythologies is rebuffed, and despite being disinherited by that husband, she marries Will Ladislaw after his death.For 10 points, name this woman who comes to regret having married Reverend Edward Casaubon in GeorgeEliot's Middlemarch.", "answer": "Dorothea Brooke", "page": "Middlemarch", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120792, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132899, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 134], [135, 301], [302, 453], [454, 493], [494, 627], [627, 747]], "first_sentence": "Rebecca Mead describes identifying with this character at age 17 in a book titled My Life", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Sets of these objects are classified as basic, alternative, or definitive by the Humphrey-Parkes system.These structures are found along the alar tract. Some of these objects contain thin segments calledbarbules organized around a rachis. Diogenes Laertius claimed that Socrates defined man as a bipedwithout any of these objects. Three white ones appear in the heraldic symbol of the (*) prince of Wales.These objects, a prized trade good in the Aztec empire, can be cut or fitted with metal to create a nib. Recent fossildiscoveries suggest that theropod dinosaurs had these features even earlier than the first discovered fossil of one onArchaeopteryx. For 10 points, name these biological structures which can be made into quill pens.", "answer": " feathers [or plumes; accept plumages until \"barbules\"] ", "page": "Feather", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120791, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132900, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [104, 152], [153, 238], [239, 330], [331, 405], [405, 509], [510, 655], [656, 738]], "first_sentence": "Sets of these objects are classified as basic, alternative, or definitive by the Humphrey-Parkes system.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Hesiod reports that the men of the Golden Age lived in the air after undergoing this action, whereasthe men of the Silver Age stayed on the ground. Athena changes her mind about performing it on Tydeuswhen she saw him devour the brains of Melanippus. Metanira interrupts an instance of this action bystumbling upon her son Demophon inside the family hearth. This action is performed on a man whobecame a cicada because (*) Eos forgets to request eternal youth. Peleus interrupts the best-known instance ofthis action, which alternately takes the form of Thetis anointing her son with ambrosia and placing him atop a fire,or by dipping him in the river Styx. For 10 points, name this action that is nearly completely conferred uponAchilles, save for his heel.", "answer": " mortals becoming immortal [or men becoming gods; or deification; or becoming invulnerable, accept synonyms]", "page": "Apotheosis", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120790, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132901, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 205], [206, 250], [251, 357], [358, 460], [461, 657], [658, 758]], "first_sentence": "Hesiod reports that the men of the Golden Age lived in the air after undergoing this action, whereasthe men of the Silver Age stayed on the ground.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man claimed the morality of action depends on the merit of that action's motive, which in turndepends on the action's merit, in his \"circle argument.\" One of this man's characters pointed out theproblem of infinite regress in first cause theory in his attack on the cosmological argument. This creator ofPhilo and Cleathes divided statements into relations of ideas and matters of fact and formulated the (*)copy principle. This man created a thought experiment that contradicted his theory that ideas are derived fromimpressions. This man posited a missing shade of blue and warned against deriving an \"ought\" from an \"is\" in hisTreatise of Human Nature. For 10 points, name this author of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, a Scottishempiricist philosopher.", "answer": "David Hume", "page": "David_Hume", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120787, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132902, "tokenizations": [[0, 154], [154, 293], [294, 428], [429, 535], [536, 660], [661, 772]], "first_sentence": "This man claimed the morality of action depends on the merit of that action's motive, which in turndepends on the action's merit, in his \"circle argument.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "On this island, Barghash bin Said built a palace with electricity and an elevator, the House of Wonders.This island's rulers employed the ivory and slave trader Tippu Tip. With the support of the ASP YouthLeague, John Okello declared himself Field Marshall and massacred this island's Arabs during its 1964revolution. Henry Rawson bombarded this island for 38 minutes before it surrendered during the shortestwar in history. Like nearby (*) Mafia Island and Pemba Island, this island is called a \"spice island\" for itsproduction of cloves. Until the late 19th century, this island's namesake sultanate controlled the nearby city ofMombasa. Julius Nyerere unified this island with the Republic of Tanganyika. For 10 points, name this largest islandin Tanzania.", "answer": " Zanzibar [or Unjuga]", "page": "Zanzibar", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120786, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132903, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [104, 171], [172, 317], [318, 424], [425, 539], [540, 639], [640, 707], [708, 759]], "first_sentence": "On this island, Barghash bin Said built a palace with electricity and an elevator, the House of Wonders.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In reactions, metal aquo complexes act as these species. These species are in the numerator of alphafractions. In organic chemistry, these compounds activate electrophiles like carbonyls or alkyl halides.KHP serves this role in reactions. These compounds dehydrate sugars to pure carbon. The inductive effectexplains why nearby electronegative groups increase the (*) strength of these compounds. The \"mineral\" typeof these compounds are inorganic. Ammonium chloride and ferric chloride act as these species. The strength ofthese compounds varies inversely with their pKas. In reactions, they are often written as \"HA.\" For 10 points, namethese compounds which accept electron pairs or donate protons to solution, the opposite of bases.", "answer": "acids [or Lewis acids; or Bronsted-Lowry acids; or Arrhenius acids; or strong acids; or weak acids; prompt on electrophiles] ", "page": "Acid", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120785, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132904, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 204], [204, 238], [239, 287], [288, 396], [397, 448], [449, 508], [509, 573], [574, 619], [620, 736]], "first_sentence": "In reactions, metal aquo complexes act as these species. These species are in the numerator of alphafractions.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, a woman runs scalding water over the utensils used by her black maid, who eats lunch\"alone like a leper.\" A boy in this novel is berated for supposedly eating French fries with Melvin Weinerafter he lies about having diarrhea. A man in this novel recalls bathing with his frequently-constipatedfather, an insurance salesman. This novel ends with the question, \"Now vee may perhaps to begin. Yes?\"While in Connecticut, its protagonist pretends to be married to his (*) sexually adventurous girlfriend, who henicknames \"The Monkey\". The title character describes his adolescent obsession with masturbation and hisoverbearing mother Sophie to his psychiatrist, Dr. Spielvogel. For 10 points, name this novel about the title \"niceJewish boy\", by Philip Roth.", "answer": "Portnoy's Complaint", "page": "Portnoy's_Complaint", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120784, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132905, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [119, 241], [242, 339], [340, 405], [406, 545], [546, 688], [689, 769]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, a woman runs scalding water over the utensils used by her black maid, who eats lunch\"alone like a leper.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This person's prediction that displacement squared equals six multiplied by diffusivity multiplied bytime in random walks was used by Jean Perrin to measure Avogadro's number. The proportionalityconstants for the rates of spontaneous and stimulated emission are named for this person. This scientistshowed that, as temperature goes to infinity, heat capacity goes to 3R, if a solid is modeled as a lattice ofindependent (*) springs with quantized vibrations. This physicist also showed that light energy is quantized intophotons in a Nobel Prize-winning description of the photoelectric effect. The fourth of his Annus mirabilis paperspublished in 1905 introduced mass-energy equivalence. For 10 points, name this German physicist who proposedthat E equals m times c squared.", "answer": "Albert Einstein", "page": "Albert_Einstein", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120783, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132906, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 284], [285, 458], [459, 594], [595, 688], [689, 775]], "first_sentence": "This person's prediction that displacement squared equals six multiplied by diffusivity multiplied bytime in random walks was used by Jean Perrin to measure Avogadro's number.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "On the right-hand side of this painting, a pot, a metal spoon, and a yellow knapsack are laid out inpreparation for a meager lunch. The artist wrote, \"You begin like one and end like the other,\" in referenceto this painting's differently aged title figures. When this painting, which was destroyed in 1945, wasexhibited at the Salon of 1850, critics attacked it for being too large given the ugliness of its characters.The bare back of one of the men in this painting can be seen through a (*) hole in his tattered overalls. Astraw hat obscures the face of the older man in this painting, who uses a pickaxe to perform the title action whileworking to build a road. For 10 points, name this Gustave Courbet painting of two workers chipping away at rocks.", "answer": "The Stone Breakers [or Les Casseurs de pierres]", "page": "The_Stone_Breakers", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120782, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132907, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 257], [258, 419], [419, 524], [525, 665], [666, 754]], "first_sentence": "On the right-hand side of this painting, a pot, a metal spoon, and a yellow knapsack are laid out inpreparation for a meager lunch.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This politician resigned from the Cabinet when the Prime Minister proposed granting extra funds toMaynooth College. This man appointed Francis Napier head of a commission investigating theconditions of crofters and cotters in the Scottish Highlands. This prime minister, who introduced thesecret ballot and frequently donated his own money to rescue fallen women, seized upon Ottomanperpetratedatrocities in Bulgaria to go on a foreign policy speech tour in his (*) \"Midlothian Campaign.\"Despite signing the Kilmanhaim Treaty with Charles Parnell, this protege of Robert Peel was unable to secure IrishHome Rule across his four terms as Prime Minister. For 10 points, name this Liberal Prime Minister, the rival ofBenjamin Disraeli.", "answer": "William Gladstone [or William Ewart Gladstone]", "page": "William_Ewart_Gladstone", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 120781, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 132908, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 249], [250, 495], [496, 652], [653, 732]], "first_sentence": "This politician resigned from the Cabinet when the Prime Minister proposed granting extra funds toMaynooth College.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, a man claims to have an informant with a \"blue welveteen waistcoat\" named MichaelJackson. Birds with names like Hope, Joy, Ruin, and Despair are owned by Miss Flite in this novel. Nearits end, former soldier George Rouncewell touchingly reunites with his mother after being wrongfullyimprisoned. In this novel, an opium overdose kills a lodger at the rag and bottle shop owned by Mr.Krook, who (*) spontaneously combusts. That lodger, Captain Hawdon, is the father of this novel's narrator withLady Dedlock. In this novel, Richard Carston wastes away while pursuing the a case involving a man who becomesthe guardian of Esther Summerson at this novel's title estate. For 10 points, name this novel about the case ofJarndyce and Jarndyce, by Charles Dickens.", "answer": "Bleak House", "page": "Bleak_House", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119638, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133765, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 194], [195, 310], [311, 398], [398, 436], [437, 522], [523, 681], [682, 772]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, a man claims to have an informant with a \"blue welveteen waistcoat\" named MichaelJackson.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Lee and Osheroff investigated a solid phase of this element using a Pomeranchuk cell. This element isthe most common one used to study quantized vortices. New properties of this element were discoveredby Kapitza, Allen, and Misener, all working independently. Two isotopes of this element are continuouslymixed and undergo a spontaneous phase separation in a dilution refrigerator. An isotope of this elementthat is a (*) boson was used by Kamerlingh-Onnes for his most famous discovery. This element is the only one tonever form a solid and standard pressure. Below its lambda point, a form of this element becomes a superfluid,which has zero viscosity. For 10 points, name this element with atomic number two.", "answer": " superfluid 4-helium [or superfluid 4-He; or \"3\" in place of \"4\"]", "page": "Superfluid_helium-4", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119637, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133766, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 154], [155, 259], [260, 381], [382, 487], [488, 560], [561, 654], [655, 711]], "first_sentence": "Lee and Osheroff investigated a solid phase of this element using a Pomeranchuk cell.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A few months after this conflict, two belligerents quarreled over the sinking of the Eilat. GunnarJarring's peace mission after this war partly failed due to the \"three no's\" of the Khartoum Resolution.After losing this war, a leader ceded power to his vice-president Zakaria Mohieddin, but popular supportdrew him back to office. UN Security Council Resolution 242 dealt with the territorial exchanges in thiswar, which began with an attack on 25 different (*) airfields after the Straits of Tiran were closed. In thisconflict, the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip were seized from Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt. This war was foughtsix years prior to the Yom Kippur War. For 10 points, name this 1967 victory for Israel over its Arab enemies,concluded in less than a week.", "answer": " Six-Day War [or June War; or Third Arab-Israeli War; or 1967 Arab-Israeli War until mentioned] ", "page": "Six-Day_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119636, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133767, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 202], [202, 330], [331, 511], [512, 612], [613, 670], [671, 772]], "first_sentence": "A few months after this conflict, two belligerents quarreled over the sinking of the Eilat.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These people often earned funds for traveling through the credit-ticket system. The citizenship of achild of two members of this ethnicity was confirmed via the jus soli concept in an 1898 Supreme Courtcase. The Six Companies catered to people of this ethnicity, who were the subject of the Geary Act. Thesepeople were the target of the Rock Springs massacre and were initially attracted by (*) \"Gold Mountain\".People of this ethnicity benefited from the Magnuson Act of 1943 which largely repealed the 1875 Page Act. Largenumbers of them worked on the Central Pacific Railroad. They were taxed by California's Anti-Coolie Act. For 10points, name these people whose entry to the United States was restricted through a namesake \"Exclusion Act\".", "answer": "Chinese-Americans [or Chinese immigrants to the United States]", "page": "Chinese_Americans", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119635, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133768, "tokenizations": [[0, 79], [80, 207], [208, 301], [302, 517], [518, 578], [579, 627], [628, 743]], "first_sentence": "These people often earned funds for traveling through the credit-ticket system.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A bar being dragged down a metal rail by a constant external force may have an exponential decreasein its velocity because of this law. This equation explains how skin and proximity effects create eddies thatheat up metals. A commutator and a rotating solenoid are used to generate power in a commonapplication of this equation. This law gives the magnitude of the step-up or step-down in voltage from a(*) transformer. This law has a minus sign as a consequence of Lenz's law. It sets the electromotive force equal tothe negative time derivative of the B flux through a current loop. For 10 points, name this equation giving theinduced voltage from a change in magnetic field, the only one of Maxwell's equations named for an Englishscientist.", "answer": "Faraday's law of induction", "page": "Faraday's_law_of_induction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119634, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133769, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 223], [224, 328], [329, 419], [420, 477], [478, 584], [585, 744]], "first_sentence": "A bar being dragged down a metal rail by a constant external force may have an exponential decreasein its velocity because of this law.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel religiously watches the Luxembourg Gardens, hoping to see his beloved\"lark\", whom he calls Ursula. A boy in this novel unknowingly brings his infant brothers to live with himin a giant plaster elephant. This novel's villain is bribed to move with his daughter Azelma to America andbecome a slave trader. A street gang in this novel is known by the name (*) Patron-Minette. In the firstsection of this book, a man is turned away from inns because of his yellow passport but is given shelter by BishopMyriel, from whom he steals some silver. This novel's protagonist carries a body through the sewers, a deed whichThernardier eventually reveals to Marius. For 10 points, name this Victor Hugo novel about Jean Valjean. ", "answer": "Les Miserables [or The Dispossessed; or The Miserable Ones; or The Poor Ones; or The Wretched Ones; prompt on \"Les Mis\"]", "page": "Les_Mis\u00e9rables", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119633, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133770, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 228], [229, 329], [330, 398], [399, 565], [566, 679], [680, 742]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel religiously watches the Luxembourg Gardens, hoping to see his beloved\"lark\", whom he calls Ursula.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this modern-day country, the North Korean-trained Fifth Brigade led a four-year-long period ofpolitical terror known by a name which translates as \"the early rain that washes away the chaff.\" Thiscountry gained its independence after its \"Bush War,\" or Second Chimurenga, which ended with theLancaster House Agreement. In 1987, Joseph (*) Nkomo, an opposition leader from this country, was coercedinto leaving politics after thousands of his supporters were killed in this country's Matabeleland region. TheMovement for Democratic Change is the main opposition party in this country, where forced land redistributiontargeting whites carried out the ruling ZANU-PF party caused massive hyperinflation during the 2000's. For 10points, name this African country led by Robert Mugabe.", "answer": "Zimbabwe [or Republic of Zimbabwe] ", "page": "Zimbabwe", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119632, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133771, "tokenizations": [[0, 193], [193, 321], [322, 506], [507, 721], [722, 783]], "first_sentence": "In this modern-day country, the North Korean-trained Fifth Brigade led a four-year-long period ofpolitical terror known by a name which translates as \"the early rain that washes away the chaff.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem by this author calls a woman a \"thin brown mouse... living all alone/In this cold house\" andcontrasts her with a woman who \"stayed home and scraped life with a fine tooth comb.\" This author of\"Sadie and Maud\" set a poem in a \"rented back room\" inhabited by two women \"who have lived theirday\" and are \"Mostly Good\", for whom \"dinner is a casual affair\". In addition to \"The (*) Bean Eaters\",her works include a collection of poems about a girl growing up in Bronzeville called Annie Allen. Her most famouspoem is about a group of pool players at \"The Golden Shovel\" who \"lurk late,\" \"strike straight,\" \"jazz June,\" and\"die soon\". For 10 points, name this first African-American Pulitzer Prize winner, the poet of \"We Real Cool.\"", "answer": "Gwendolyn Brooks [or Gwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks] ", "page": "Gwendolyn_Brooks", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119631, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133772, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [76, 184], [185, 360], [361, 496], [497, 636], [637, 735]], "first_sentence": "A poem by this author calls a woman a \"thin brown mouse... living all alone/", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This species was infected by the PtERV1 retrovirus four million years ago, possibly causing aspeciation event. Before she was moved to a namesake facility in Ellensburg, Washington, a female one ofthese animals was cared for by Allen and Beatrix Gardner and later by Roger Fouts. Some of these animalsplaced stalks of grass in termite holes to \"fish\" for termites, and formed (*) troops that cannibalized rivals.One of them named Washoe was the first non-human to learn ASL, inspiring research of one of these animals witha name punning on \"Noam Chomsky.\" These animals share the genus Pan with bonobos, and groups of them werestudied in Gombe by the primatologist Jane Goodall. For 10 points, name these great apes more closely related tohumans than gorillas.", "answer": "chimpanzees [or Pan troglodytes; prompt on great apes before it is read; prompt on primates before \"primatologist\" is read] ", "page": "Chimpanzee", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119630, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133773, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 279], [280, 412], [412, 554], [554, 678], [679, 760]], "first_sentence": "This species was infected by the PtERV1 retrovirus four million years ago, possibly causing aspeciation event.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In 1862, the Provisional Theater was founded as a stage for opera in this language. In an opera in thislanguage, a stuttering teenager is convinced to dress up as a bear for a circus troupe, which enters in the\"March of the Comedians.\" In another opera in this language, a prince pursuing a white doe is the loveinterest of the title character, who sings the \"Song to the Moon\" and is a (*) water nymph similar to theUndine (un-DEEN). This language was used to tell the story of how Jenik (yen-ik) appears to accept money inexchange for the right to wed his lover, but instead ends up marrying Ma\u0159enka anyway. For 10 points, name thislanguage which was used to write the operas Rusalka and The Bartered Bride, the latter by Bed\u0159ich Smetana.", "answer": "Czech [or \u010de\u00c2\u0161tina] ", "page": "Czech_language", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119629, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133774, "tokenizations": [[0, 83], [84, 235], [236, 434], [435, 552], [552, 609], [610, 740]], "first_sentence": "In 1862, the Provisional Theater was founded as a stage for opera in this language.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Many of these systems improve on the setup of Army Beta, which was introduced during World War I.One method of performing this activity features a price tag-shaped blank region in the lower right of cardsprinted with n-by-n patterns and was designed by John C. Raven. \"Progressive matrices\" and the WAISare two types of these things, whose results are often correlated with a value developed by CharlesSpearman called (*) g-factor. A increase in the results of these constructs over time, including the Wechslervarieties, is called the Flynn effect and requires these constructs to be periodically re-normed so calculations of\"mental age\" don't become inflated. For 10 points, name these evaluations of aptitude which often calculate aperson's IQ.", "answer": "intelligence tests [accept any answer indicating ways of evaluating, quantifying, testing, etc. the general intelligence of persons; or IQ tests before \"IQ\"] ", "page": "Intelligence_quotient", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119628, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133775, "tokenizations": [[0, 267], [268, 431], [432, 661], [662, 747]], "first_sentence": "Many of these systems improve on the setup of Army Beta, which was introduced during World War I.One method of performing this activity features a price tag-shaped blank region in the lower right of cardsprinted with n-by-n patterns and was designed by John C. Raven.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The first novel by this author to appear in English was translated by Meredith Weatherby and has aprotagonist who reattaches a ship to a mooring buoy during a typhoon in order to prove his worthiness tomarry the shipowner's daughter. This author of a novel about the love between Hatsue (haht-soo-eh) andShinji also created a student at the Peers School who dies after falling in love with Satoko Ayakura, then(*) reappears as Isao Iinuma (ee-ee-nu-ma), Ying Chan, and Toru Yasunaga. This author of The Sound of Waveswrote about Shigekuni Honda in a four-volume sequence that includes Runaway Horses and Spring Snow. For 10points, name this Japanese author of the Sea of Fertility tetralogy and The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, who committedseppuku after his nationalist coup failed.", "answer": "Yukio Mishima [or Kimitake Hiraoka; accept either name in either order] ", "page": "Yukio_Mishima", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119627, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133776, "tokenizations": [[0, 233], [234, 483], [484, 616], [617, 785]], "first_sentence": "The first novel by this author to appear in English was translated by Meredith Weatherby and has aprotagonist who reattaches a ship to a mooring buoy during a typhoon in order to prove his worthiness tomarry the shipowner's daughter.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The risk of these events in major cities was documented by the Sanborn maps. Many victims of one ofthese events had earlier been led by Clara Lemlich in the Uprising of the 20,000. Ignatius Donnelly's crazybook Ragnarok claims that one of these events was caused by Biela's Comet. In a trial over one of theseevents, the lawyer Max Steur tricked Kate Alterman into repeating the testimony she had memorized.Daniel (*) \"Pegleg\" Sullivan may have caused one of these events which happened simultaneously with one inPeshtigo. Frances Perkins investigated claims that victims of one of these events were trapped by locked doors. For10 points, name this type of disaster, examples of which affected the Triangle Shirtwaist factory in 1911 andChicago in 1871.", "answer": " fires [or obvious equivalents; or Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire; or Great Chicago Fire of 1871]", "page": "Fires", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119626, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133777, "tokenizations": [[0, 76], [77, 180], [181, 210], [211, 280], [281, 407], [407, 522], [523, 624], [625, 753]], "first_sentence": "The risk of these events in major cities was documented by the Sanborn maps.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Landmarkists held that this sect maintained an unbroken line of continuity since Apostolic times.The issue of whether or not to adhere to a Calvinist soteriology divides the \"General\" and \"Reformed\"sects within this denomination. This denomination believes in soul competency, two church offices, andtwo ordinances: the Lord's Supper and the (*) \"believer's\" form of a certain practice. The first congregation ofthis denomination in North America was established in Providence by Roger Williams. In 2012, Fred Luter waselected as the first African American president of the Southern Convention of this denomination, the largestProtestant group in the US. For 10 points, name this denomination that advocates performing the namesakesacrament by total immersion. ", "answer": " Baptists [prompt on Protestantism; accept word forms; accept specific types, such as Southern Baptist Convention]", "page": "Baptists", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119625, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133778, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [101, 233], [234, 390], [391, 499], [500, 658], [659, 764]], "first_sentence": "The Landmarkists held that this sect maintained an unbroken line of continuity since Apostolic times.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man wrote a treatise on the influence of the crusades on medieval architecture after taking abicycle trip around France. After this man refused the Order of the Bath and the DSO, a shocked KingGeorge V noted that he was left \"holding the box in my hand.\" This man adopted the alias John HumeRoss to escape the fame of a Lowell Thomas biography. This man was commanded by Edmund Allenbyin an operation in which his men crossed the treacherous (*) Nefud (neh-FOOD) desert and laid waste to theHejaz Railway. This man, who was raped by the Turks during a recon mission, died in a motorcycle crash. Helaunched an attack against Aqaba that was recounted in his memoir Seven Pillars of Wisdom. For 10 points, name thisBritish leader of the Arab Revolt in World War I.", "answer": "T. E. Lawrence [or Lawrence of Arabia; or Thomas Edward Lawrence; or Ned Lawrence; or John Hume Ross before mentioned] ", "page": "T._E._Lawrence", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119624, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133779, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 193], [194, 258], [258, 349], [350, 510], [511, 599], [600, 692], [693, 766]], "first_sentence": "This man wrote a treatise on the influence of the crusades on medieval architecture after taking abicycle trip around France.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a concert overture by this composer, the English horn quotes a love song from one of his operas,which later gives way to the saltarello rhythm that opened the overture. This composer's Requiemcontains a \"Lacrymosa\" in 9/8 time and sonata form, and also calls for four offstage brass choirs at thefour cardinal directions which enter in the \"Tuba Mirum\". This composer reworked material from hisopera (*) Benvenuto Cellini into the Roman Carnival Overture. Another of his pieces depicts an artist's opium trip andrevolves around a recurring ide\u00c3\u00a9 fixe symbolizing unrequited love. For 10 points, name this French composer whoincluded \"March to the Scaffold\" and \"Dream of a Witches' Sabbath\" in his Symphonie fantastique.", "answer": "Hector Berlioz", "page": "Hector_Berlioz", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119623, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133780, "tokenizations": [[0, 171], [172, 356], [357, 458], [459, 582], [583, 723]], "first_sentence": "In a concert overture by this composer, the English horn quotes a love song from one of his operas,which later gives way to the saltarello rhythm that opened the overture.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poem originally appeared as the poem following \"Brother Square-Toes\" in the collection Rewardsand Fairies. It warns that truths can be \"twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools\" and suggests thatone's \"heart and nerve and sinew\" can be made subject to \"the Will which says to them: 'Hold on'\". Thispoem, which was inspired by the exploits of Leander Starr (*) Jameson, describes the \"two imposters\" of\"triumph and disaster\". It also encourages the addressee to \"fill the unforgiving minute / with sixty seconds' worthof distance run\" and to \"keep your head when all about you / Are losing theirs and blaming it on you\". For 10points, name this Rudyard Kipling poem that lays out the conditions by which \"you'll be a Man, my son!\"", "answer": "\"If\u00c2\u2013\" ", "page": "If\u2014", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119622, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133781, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 300], [301, 431], [432, 626], [627, 736]], "first_sentence": "This poem originally appeared as the poem following \"Brother Square-Toes\" in the collection Rewardsand Fairies.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A son-in-law of this man, who has gotten corruption charges for money-laundering through the No-osinstitute, is former handball star Inaki Urdangarin. This man claimed to be recovering in bed from abroken hip when he was actually out with a possible mistress named Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein on anelephant hunting trip. A June 2014 decision by this man led to a rise in rank for former television anchor(*) Letizia Ortiz. In part due to youth unemployment rates at or above 50% in his country, this man, who onceblurted out \"Why don't you shut up?\" to Hugo Chavez, decided to step aside in favor of his son, who becameFelipe VI. For 10 points, name this man who undid the dictatorial system left behind by Francisco Franco duringhis 37 years as King of Spain.", "answer": "King Juan Carlos I", "page": "Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119621, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133782, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 321], [322, 423], [424, 550], [551, 630], [631, 761]], "first_sentence": "A son-in-law of this man, who has gotten corruption charges for money-laundering through the No-osinstitute, is former handball star Inaki Urdangarin.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One thinker from this non-Greek tradition defended the immortality of the soul in Phaedon and waspart of this tradition's enlightenment or Haskalah. Another philosopher of this religion criticized themethods, but not the conclusions, of the Kalam school in a treatise whose third book begins with anexegesis of a passage about a chariot. That book argued that the God of this religion can only bedescribed by what he is (*) not and attempted to reconcile Aristotelianism with this religion. The TractatusTheologico-Politicus disputed this religion's claim to chosenness. The Guide for the Perplexed was written by a member ofthis religion, Maimonides. For 10 points, name this religion from which Baruch Spinoza was expelled for denyingthe divine origins of the Torah.", "answer": "Judaism [or Jewish; or other word forms] ", "page": "Judaism", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119620, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133783, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 337], [338, 490], [491, 570], [571, 651], [652, 768]], "first_sentence": "One thinker from this non-Greek tradition defended the immortality of the soul in Phaedon and waspart of this tradition's enlightenment or Haskalah.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In Friedman's test, the distribution of the test statistic Q approximates this distribution. Wilks'stheorem shows that this distribution approximates negative two times the natural log of the likelihoodratio for nested models. Yates's continuity correction is applied to tests that use this distribution oncontingency tables. One test statistic is approximated by this distribution, calculated as the sum of theobserved minus expected values (*) squared, divided by the expected value. This distribution describes the sumof squares of a number of standard normal random variables. The only parameter of this distribution is degrees offreedom. For 10 points, name this distribution used in Pearson's \"goodness of fit\" test.", "answer": "central chi-squared distribution", "page": "Chi-squared_distribution", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119619, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133784, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 226], [227, 325], [326, 485], [486, 580], [581, 642], [643, 722]], "first_sentence": "In Friedman's test, the distribution of the test statistic Q approximates this distribution.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The mercuric salt of this ion is used for oxymercuration. Like borate, Tris bonds this ion in a commonbuffer for electrophoresis. This ion is the smallest short-chain fatty acid. This ion, which has a conjugatepKa of 4.76, is a much weaker base than ethoxide, as shown in a common classroom example of resonancestability. Cellulose esters are almost always made to this group, which is added to salicylic acid to make(*) aspirin. Like nitrate, chlorate, and perchlorate, all salts of this anion are water-soluble. Adding vinegar tobicarbonate makes carbonic acid and this ion. This carboxylate has two carbon atoms. For 10 points, name this ionwith formula CH3COO minus, the conjugate base of acetic acid.", "answer": "acetate [or acetyl group; or acetoxy group; do not accept or prompt on \"acetic acid\"] ", "page": "Acetate", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119618, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133785, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 178], [179, 321], [322, 429], [430, 513], [514, 576], [577, 615], [616, 705]], "first_sentence": "The mercuric salt of this ion is used for oxymercuration. Like borate, Tris bonds this ion in a commonbuffer for electrophoresis.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "According to its artist, a portrait of a man in this profession captured \"the heartbroken expression of ourtime\". A girl in a red beret holds up a doll to a man in this profession in a painting by Norman Rockwell,who also depicted a man in this profession preparing his equipment as a boy stands on a chair with hispants partially pulled down. A man in this profession rests his right elbow next to two yellow books in oneof two portraits by (*) Vincent Van Gogh. A large book is open on the right-hand side of the canvas where sevenmen in this profession watch the title man lecture on the sinewy arm of the central corpse. For 10 points, name thisprofession of Paul Gachet and Nicholaes Tulp, the latter of whom is the subject of Rembrandt's The Anatomy Lesson.", "answer": "medical doctor [or surgeon or physician] ", "page": "Physician", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119617, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133786, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 343], [344, 463], [464, 624], [625, 763]], "first_sentence": "According to its artist, a portrait of a man in this profession captured \"the heartbroken expression of ourtime\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Polish officer Jozef Kosacki invented a portable counter to these weapons that was first used at theBattle of El Alamein. In 1976 Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British Ambassador to Ireland, was killed byone of these weapons. The United States, Russia and China are non-signatories to the 1997 Ottawa Treatyaiming to eliminate some of these weapons. The Belgian-based APOPO uses (*) rats to counter theseweapons in Africa. The Buffalo and the Casspir MRAPs employ a V-Hull to protect against these weapons. Thespecial-edition comic book Superman: Deadly Legacy warns about their dangers in Bosnia. Naval warships called\"sweepers\" protect against these weapons. For 10 points, name these weapons that trigger an explosion whenstepped on.", "answer": "anti-personnel land mines [or blast mines; or fragmentation mines; or naval mines; or IED; or culvert bomb; or roadside bomb; or improvised explosive device; or unexploded ordnance; or UXO; or UXB; or UO; prompt on bomb] ", "page": "Naval_mine", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119616, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133787, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 228], [229, 352], [353, 425], [426, 509], [510, 548], [548, 600], [601, 663], [664, 739]], "first_sentence": "The Polish officer Jozef Kosacki invented a portable counter to these weapons that was first used at theBattle of El Alamein.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During this event, forces under the \"Fighting Bishop\" Henry le Despenser won at the Battle of North Waltham. One of its casualties was the Archbishop of Canterbury, Simon Sudbury. Participants in this event were inspired by the sermons of the \"hedge priest\" John Ball. The leader of this event may have used the pseudonym Jack Straw and had successfully seized the Tower of London, but was killed and had his head put on a pike by supporters of King Richard II. This rebellion was precipitated by the passing of a poll tax and the black plague. For 10 points, name this English revolt of poor farmers often named after its leader, Wat Tyler.", "answer": "Peasant's Revolt [accept Wat Tyler's Rebellion before mentioned]", "page": "Peasants'_Revolt", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119595, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133808, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 179], [180, 268], [269, 461], [462, 544], [545, 641]], "first_sentence": "During this event, forces under the \"Fighting Bishop\" Henry le Despenser won at the Battle of North Waltham.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A member of this party won an election by campaigning under the slogan \"Let us Face the Future.\" A document that Tony Benn published for this party was derided as \"The longest suicide note in history.\"  While the country was crippled by strikes, a leader from this party was panned for saying \"Crisis? What Crisis?\" during a press conference and was photographed swimming off of Guadeloupe. A member of this party, Aneurin Bevan, established the National Health Service. Prime Ministers from this party include James Callaghan and Clement Attlee. For 10 points, name this center-left British party that is currently the opposition to the Conservatives.", "answer": "British Labour Party", "page": "Labour_Party_(UK)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119594, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133809, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [95, 96], [97, 203], [203, 301], [302, 390], [391, 470], [471, 546], [547, 652]], "first_sentence": "A member of this party won an election by campaigning under the slogan \"Let us Face the Future.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A work by this artist consists of twelve hourglass-shaped seats arranged around a circular table. A diminutive triumphal arch by this sculptor is titled Gate of the Kiss and stands near his Table of Silence. A bronze sculpture by this artist shows a disembodied head laying on its side and is titled Sleeping Muse. Three sculptures by this artist line a mile long walkway in a World War I memorial in his home town of Targu Jiu, which includes a tall sculpture made of stacked rhomboid units. A series of works in marble and bronze by this artist represents the essence of flight. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Endless Column and Bird in Space.", "answer": "Constantin Brancusi", "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119593, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133810, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 207], [208, 314], [315, 492], [493, 580], [581, 660]], "first_sentence": "A work by this artist consists of twelve hourglass-shaped seats arranged around a circular table.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "When a contest rejected this philosopher's essay \"On the Basis of Morality\", he published it as one of The Two Fundamental Problems of Ethics together with his \"On the Freedom of the Will\". In a doctoral thesis, this thinker described classes of subjects whose distinction from an object gives rise to knowledge. This author of On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason included a \"Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy\" in a book arguing that humans perceive their bodies both objectively and subjectively through the two title concepts. For 10 points, name this German author of The World as Will and Representation.", "answer": "Arthur Schopenhauer", "page": "Arthur_Schopenhauer", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119592, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133811, "tokenizations": [[0, 189], [190, 312], [313, 327], [328, 553], [554, 633]], "first_sentence": "When a contest rejected this philosopher's essay \"On the Basis of Morality\", he published it as one of The Two Fundamental Problems of Ethics together with his \"On the Freedom of the Will\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The rate of growth of this parameter is equal to the first eigenvalue of the Leslie matrix. This parameter is predicted to oscillate in a set of dynamics that requires estimation of conversion efficiency and attack rate. The \"effective\" version of this parameter is smaller than the absolute form due to nonrandom mating. Genetic drift is strongest at small values for this parameter, which is required to be infinitely large for Hardy-Weinberg dynamics. In logistic growth, the long-term maximum for this parameter is the carrying capacity. For 10 points, name this parameter that describes how many individuals are in a population.", "answer": "population size [accept effective population size; accept size after \"population\"; prompt on \"N\"]", "page": "Population_size", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119591, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133812, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 220], [221, 321], [322, 454], [455, 541], [542, 633]], "first_sentence": "The rate of growth of this parameter is equal to the first eigenvalue of the Leslie matrix.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A leader of this nation was depicted by his supporters as a black pair of eyes against a solid red backdrop. Protests against this nation's government broke out after the murder of Miss Universe participant Monica Spear. A leader of this nation was the subject of King Juan Carlos' comment \"why don't you shut up?\" This country's previous leader launched the Barrio Adentro health care program. An opposition party here is called Popular Will. The United Socialist Party in this nation is fond of affixing the adjective \"Bolivarian\" to its policies and is currently led by Nicolas Maduro. For 10 points, name this South American nation once led by Hugo Chavez.", "answer": "Venezuela [or Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]", "page": "Venezuela", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119590, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133813, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 220], [221, 313], [313, 314], [315, 394], [395, 443], [444, 588], [589, 660]], "first_sentence": "A leader of this nation was depicted by his supporters as a black pair of eyes against a solid red backdrop.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This leader imprisoned his long-time rival J.B. Danquah. Joseph Ankrah's National Liberation Council deposed this man while he was meeting with Zhou Enlai on a state visit to North Vietnam. This leader founded the Convention People's Party. His political philosophy was influenced by W.E.B Dubois, who died in this leader's country. This leader powered his nation's aluminum smelters by building the Akosombo Dam on the Volta River. This prominent advocate of Pan-Africanism presided over his country's discarding of its colonial name, the Gold Coast. For 10 points, name this first president of an independent Ghana. ", "answer": "Kwame Nkrumah", "page": "Kwame_Nkrumah", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119589, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133814, "tokenizations": [[0, 189], [190, 240], [241, 332], [333, 432], [433, 551], [552, 617]], "first_sentence": "This leader imprisoned his long-time rival J.B. Danquah. Joseph Ankrah's National Liberation Council deposed this man while he was meeting with Zhou Enlai on a state visit to North Vietnam.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author criticized the \"vagueness\" of a lecture about his country's beauty in his own Nobel lecture discussing his country's \"ambiguousness\". In a novel by this man, the protagonist humiliates himself at a punching machine game, and is then beaten by a gang of boys. This author wrote a novel whose original-language title references a peasant uprising in 1860, which Takashi uses to stir a riot against \"the Emperor\", a Korean supermarket owner. In a novel by this man, Bird fantasizes about traveling to Africa to escape his brain hernia-afflicted son, inspired by the birth of Hikari, this author's own son. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of The Silent Cry and A Personal Matter.", "answer": "Kenzaburo Oe", "page": "Kenzabur\u014d_\u014ce", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119588, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133815, "tokenizations": [[0, 145], [146, 270], [271, 450], [451, 614], [615, 696]], "first_sentence": "This author criticized the \"vagueness\" of a lecture about his country's beauty in his own Nobel lecture discussing his country's \"ambiguousness\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The theory of seafloor spreading was connected to changes in this entity by the Vine-Matthews-Morley hypothesis. Those changes involving this entity were first identified by Motonori Matuyama, and the homing pigeon is thought to get its navigation skills from its ability to sense this thing. This entity was impacted during the Laschamp event. It names a region of the atmosphere in which solar wind particles are deflected. The dynamo theory predicts that this thing is generated by the motion of liquid metals in the core. This thing occasionally undergoes complete reversals. For 10 points, name this field whose non-geographic poles are pointed to by a compass.", "answer": "Earth's magnetic field [or word forms; accept geomagnetic field; prompt on \"magnetic field\"; prompt on \"magnetosphere\"]", "page": "Earth's_magnetic_field", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119587, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133816, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 292], [293, 344], [345, 425], [426, 525], [526, 579], [580, 666]], "first_sentence": "The theory of seafloor spreading was connected to changes in this entity by the Vine-Matthews-Morley hypothesis.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This piece's Allegretto pomposo fifth movement calls for a piano to accompany a solo double bass rendition of the \"Dance of the Sylphs\" from The Damnation of Faust. In a section of this piece, two pianists imitate beginning students playing scales poorly. This piece begins with an \"Introduction and Royal March\" for strings and two pianos. In the penultimate movement of this piece, two pianos accompany a solo cello melody that depicts the title bird gliding over water; in the preceding \"Fossils\" movement, themes from the composer's Danse macabre are quoted. For 10 points, name this Camille Saint-Saens piece whose title creatures include lions and elephants.", "answer": "Carnival of the Animals [or Le carnaval des animaux]", "page": "The_Carnival_of_the_Animals", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119586, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133817, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 255], [256, 340], [341, 562], [563, 664]], "first_sentence": "This piece's Allegretto pomposo fifth movement calls for a piano to accompany a solo double bass rendition of the \"Dance of the Sylphs\" from The Damnation of Faust.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These events are traditionally preceded by the giving of a mohar, and modern versions of an item made for these events generally include a Lieberman clause to prevent these events from ending in an Agunah. The results of these events can be reversed by the issuing of a \"get\". Seven blessings are said during these events, which are preceded by an erusin period and the signing of a ketubah. These events usually take place underneath a canopy called a chuppah and always end with a man crushing a wine glass with his foot. For 10 points, name these events during which, according to Ashkenazi tradition, a veil covers the face of the bride.", "answer": "Jewish weddings [or Jewish marriage; or erusin until it is read; or nissuin; or kiddushin]", "page": "Jewish_wedding", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119585, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133818, "tokenizations": [[0, 205], [206, 276], [277, 391], [392, 523], [524, 641]], "first_sentence": "These events are traditionally preceded by the giving of a mohar, and modern versions of an item made for these events generally include a Lieberman clause to prevent these events from ending in an Agunah.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author created a character who is told that stories \"all talk of woman's fickleness\", leading her to quip that \"Men have had every advantage of us in telling their own story\". During a trip to Lyme Regis in a novel by this author, Louisa Musgrove has a concussion. This author wrote a novel in which William Collins praises Rosings Park, the estate of Lady Catherine de Bourgh. In a novel by this writer, Lady Russell convinces Anne Elliott not to marry Frederick Wentworth. Another novel by this author ends with the engagement of Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet. For 10 points, name this author of Persuasion and Pride and Prejudice.", "answer": "Jane Austen", "page": "Jane_Austen", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119584, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133819, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 269], [270, 382], [383, 479], [480, 576], [577, 647]], "first_sentence": "This author created a character who is told that stories \"all talk of woman's fickleness\", leading her to quip that \"Men have had every advantage of us in telling their own story\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "With Poinsot, this scientist names a set of polyhedra obtained by stellating the do\u00c2\u2022deca\u00c2\u2022hedron and i\u00c2\u2022cosa\u00c2\u2022hedron. This man is the namesake of a conjecture which states that approximately 74.04 percent is the maximum possible density of sphere packing arrangements. His Mysterium Cosmographicum proposed that the solar system could be modelled as a series of nested platonic solids. The conservation of angular momentum can be used to derive his law of areas. This scientist analyzed Tycho Brahe's data to determine that planetary orbits are elliptical. For 10 points, name this scientist who developed three laws of planetary motion.", "answer": "Johannes Kepler", "page": "Johannes_Kepler", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119583, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133820, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 269], [270, 386], [387, 463], [464, 557], [558, 638]], "first_sentence": "With Poinsot, this scientist names a set of polyhedra obtained by stellating the do\u00c2\u2022deca\u00c2\u2022hedron and i\u00c2\u2022cosa\u00c2\u2022hedron.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After he is refused hospitality, this hero angrily transforms Atlas into an enormous mountain. During his travels in Ethiopia, this hero slays the sea monster Cetus and takes the daughter of Cepheus as his wife. He is not Heracles, but this hero ascertains the location of the Hesperides by stealing the single eye shared by the Graeae. This hero is conceived when a shower of gold rains on his mother Danae. Equipped with Hades's cap of invisibility and Hermes's winged sandals, this husband of Andromeda keeps his vision firmly on the reflection of the Aegis as he kills the only mortal Gorgon. For 10 points, name this slayer of Medusa.", "answer": "Perseus", "page": "Perseus", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119582, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133821, "tokenizations": [[0, 94], [95, 211], [212, 336], [337, 408], [409, 596], [597, 639]], "first_sentence": "After he is refused hospitality, this hero angrily transforms Atlas into an enormous mountain.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character dreams of meeting Merlin when he falls asleep for half an hour. Dorothea tricks this character into believing she is Princess Micomicona in a plan hatched by Cardenio. After dining with goatherds, this character attends the funeral of the Girostomo, where Marcela delivers a speech. A barber and a priest burn the books belonging to this character, whose life was supposedly documented by Cide Hamete Benengeli. This character pledges his love for Dulcinea del Toboso and embarks on a quest with his horse Rocinante and his squire Sancho Panza. For 10 points, name this native of La Mancha who tilts at windmills in a book by Miguel Cervantes", "answer": "Don Quixote [or Alonso Quijano; or Alonso Quesada; or Alonso Quijada]", "page": "Don_Quixote", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119581, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133822, "tokenizations": [[0, 78], [79, 182], [183, 297], [298, 426], [427, 559], [560, 657]], "first_sentence": "This character dreams of meeting Merlin when he falls asleep for half an hour.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of this general's campaigns is the subject of a Henry Clay Work composed marching song that begins with the lyrics \"bring the good old bugle, boys, we'll sing another song.\" This general ordered land to be confiscated and resettled by slaves with his Special Field Order 15. This general is believed to be the source of the expression \"war is hell.\" During one campaign, destroyed railroad ties were nicknamed this general's \"neckties.\" He presented the city of Savannah as a Christmas gift to President Abraham Lincoln after razing his way from Atlanta to the Atlantic. For 10 points, name this Union Civil War general who led a namesake \"March to the Sea.\"", "answer": "William Tecumseh Sherman", "page": "William_Tecumseh_Sherman", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119580, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133823, "tokenizations": [[0, 176], [176, 278], [279, 353], [354, 440], [441, 574], [575, 662]], "first_sentence": "One of this general's campaigns is the subject of a Henry Clay Work composed marching song that begins with the lyrics \"bring the good old bugle, boys, we'll sing another song.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Like the grand potential, two of this thermodynamic quantity's natural variables are intensive quantities. This quantity can be obtained by performing two Legendre [\"luh-JOHN-druh\"] transforms on internal energy. For an electrochemical cell, the change in this quantity is equal to \"minus the number of electrons transferred, times cell potential, times Faraday's constant\". It applies to processes which occur at constant temperature and pressure, unlike a quantity named for Helmholtz. This quantity is equal to \"enthalpy minus temperature times entropy\", and it is negative for spontaneous processes. For 10 points, name this quantity that measures the amount of useable work available in a system.", "answer": "Gibbs free energy", "page": "Gibbs_free_energy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119579, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133824, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 212], [213, 374], [375, 487], [488, 603], [604, 701]], "first_sentence": "Like the grand potential, two of this thermodynamic quantity's natural variables are intensive quantities.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This country's city of Helwan was created as an industrial center. This country's Qattara Depression contains the lowest point in Africa. A holiday on April 25th marks the return of a landmass to this country, whose highest point is Mount Catherine. Its capital contains the Khan el-Khalili market, and this country's local name for itself is Misr. In 1956, this country removed a statue of Ferdinand de Lesseps in its city of Port Said, which is situated on the Mediterranean Sea. Israel forms the eastern border of its Sinai Peninsula. This country is home to the northern parts of Lake Nasser. For 10 points, name this country that contains the Nile delta and whose capital is Cairo.", "answer": "Arab Republic of Egypt", "page": "Egypt", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119578, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133825, "tokenizations": [[0, 66], [67, 137], [138, 249], [250, 348], [349, 481], [482, 537], [538, 596], [597, 686]], "first_sentence": "This country's city of Helwan was created as an industrial center.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Leontief found that the United States' exports were produced with a lower ratio of capital to this commodity than its imports. As the Beveridge curve moves toward the origin, the market for this commodity becomes more efficient. Its supply curve may bend backwards at high prices. Unlike the subjective theory of value, Ricardo's theory of value suggested that the value of a good is proportional to the amount of this commodity required to produce it. This commodity is one of the primary factors of production, along with land and capital. For 10 points, name this commodity, whose price is also called the wage.", "answer": "labor", "page": "Wage_labour", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119577, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133826, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 228], [229, 280], [281, 452], [453, 541], [542, 614]], "first_sentence": "Leontief found that the United States' exports were produced with a lower ratio of capital to this commodity than its imports.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A painting by this artist shows a fair-skinned Bacchus getting drunk with dark-skinned figures wearing contemporary clothing. Francis Bacon created several distorted versions of a painting by this artist that shows a man wearing a red cape and red hat sitting on a red chair in a red room. Cupid holds a mirror that reflects his mother's sensual figure in this artist's Rokeby Venus. The left third of a painting by this artist is dominated by an easel behind which the artist stands, and the right foreground of that painting shows a dwarf and dog beside the Infanta Margarita. For 10 points, name this Spanish artist who made a portrait of Pope Innocent X and painted Las Meninas.", "answer": "Diego Rodr\u00c3\u00adguez de Silva Vel\u00c3\u00a1zquez", "page": "Diego_Vel\u00e1zquez", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119576, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133827, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 289], [290, 383], [384, 578], [579, 682]], "first_sentence": "A painting by this artist shows a fair-skinned Bacchus getting drunk with dark-skinned figures wearing contemporary clothing.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author is mockingly compared to a hippopotamus using its entire strength to move a pea in H.G. Wells' book-length satire Boon. A courier named Eugenio appears in a novel by this author in which the narrator tries to impress the title character by taking her to the Chateau de Chillon. The title character contracts \"Roman Fever\" after visiting the Colosseum with Giovanelli in a novella narrated by Frederick Winterbourne and written by this author. In another of this author's novels, an unnamed governess tries to protect Flora and Miles from the ghosts of Miss Jessel and Peter Quint. For 10 points, name this author of Daisy Miller and The Turn of the Screw.", "answer": "Henry James", "page": "Henry_James", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119575, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133828, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 289], [290, 454], [455, 592], [593, 667]], "first_sentence": "This author is mockingly compared to a hippopotamus using its entire strength to move a pea in H.G. Wells' book-length satire Boon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character created by this author repeats the line \"such noise they make\" every time she is interrupted by an offstage airplane. Another character created by this author berates her husband for not recognizing the Bette Davis quote \"what a dump!\" In a play by this author, Nancy and Charlie's beach vacation is disrupted when two humanoid lizards walk out of the sea. One of his plays is split into sections like \"Fun and Games\" and \"Walpurgisnacht.\" In that play, a man shoots an umbrella out of a toy gun before he and Martha play \"Get the Guests\" with Nick and Honey. For 10 points, name this American author of Seascape and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf.", "answer": "Edward Albee [or Edward Franklin Albee III]", "page": "Edward_Albee", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119574, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133829, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 247], [248, 368], [369, 450], [450, 571], [572, 660]], "first_sentence": "A character created by this author repeats the line \"such noise they make\" every time she is interrupted by an offstage airplane.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote a novel whose title character tries to reconnect with the group of friends that suddenly abandoned him in college. In another of this author's novels, a former army lieutenant delivers a long monologue about being captured in Outer Mongolia. This author wrote a novel in which the Semiotecs compete with the Calcutecs. This author of Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage wrote a novel in which May Kasahara exchanges letters with Toru Okada, who searches for Kimiko, his wife. For 10 points, name this contemporary Japanese author of Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World and The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.", "answer": "Haruki Murakami [or Murakami Haruki]", "page": "Haruki_Murakami", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119573, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133830, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 259], [260, 336], [337, 510], [511, 647]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel whose title character tries to reconnect with the group of friends that suddenly abandoned him in college.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This politician described his Herbert Croly-influenced philosophy in a campaign speech given in Osawatomie, Kansas. He coined the term \"hyphenated Americans\" and ran for president on the idea of \"New Nationalism.\" He was partially driven to enter a presidential election by the firing of Gifford Pinchot. He delivered a campaign speech in Milwaukee immediately after getting shot by John Schrank. This politician cut short a hunting trip to Africa to run as the Progressive Party candidate in the 1912 presidential election. For 10 points, name this \"Bull Moose\" who ran for a third term in office after growing disappointed with his successor, William Howard Taft.", "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt [or TR; accept the Bull Moose until it is read; prompt on \"Roosevelt\"]", "page": "Theodore_Roosevelt", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119572, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133831, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 213], [214, 304], [305, 396], [397, 524], [525, 665]], "first_sentence": "This politician described his Herbert Croly-influenced philosophy in a campaign speech given in Osawatomie, Kansas.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Elements called turtles slow down an algorithm for doing this task. The cocktail algorithm for performing this action is stable, meaning that similar elements preserve their relative order as the algorithm runs. An algorithm for performing this action recursively splits a certain data structure in half and interleaves the results from the left and right halves. Another algorithm to achieve this task recursively places elements on both sides of a pivot in an array. The performance of the \"bubble\" and \"merge\" algorithms for this task is superseded by a \"quick\" algorithm. For 10 points, name this task in which array elements are ordered.", "answer": "sorting an array [or bubble sort; or merge sort; or quicksort]", "page": "Bubble_sort", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119571, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133832, "tokenizations": [[0, 67], [68, 211], [212, 363], [364, 468], [469, 575], [576, 642]], "first_sentence": "Elements called turtles slow down an algorithm for doing this task.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This quantity's shift under an applied electric field is has a quadratic relation to the electric field in the Kerr effect. The left-hand rule applies in metamaterials, which have negative values for this quantity. This quantity is equal to the square root of the product of relative permeability and relative permittivity. The arc-sine of the ratio of this quantity for two materials at a boundary gives the critical angle where total internal reflection occurs. This quantity for water at 20 Celsius is 1.333. This quantity is multiplied by the sine of the angle of incidence in Snell's law. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to the ratio of the speed of light in a medium to the speed of light in a vacuum. ", "answer": "index of refraction [or refractive index; prompt on \"n\"]", "page": "Refractive_index", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119570, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133833, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 214], [215, 323], [324, 463], [464, 511], [512, 593], [594, 715]], "first_sentence": "This quantity's shift under an applied electric field is has a quadratic relation to the electric field in the Kerr effect.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A section of a book by this philosopher praises Archbishop of Canterbury John Tillotson's concise argument against the real presence. Immanuel Kant credited this author with awakening him from his \"dogmatic slumber\" through a book that divides all reasoning into relations of ideas or matters of fact. This man joked that an early essay \"fell dead-born from the press\". This author included sections like \"Of the Origin of Ideas\" and \"Of Miracles\" in a book that contradicts the \"copy principle\" by describing a man who knows all but one shade of the color blue. For 10 points, name this Scottish philosopher who wrote An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.", "answer": "David Hume", "page": "David_Hume", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119569, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133834, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 301], [302, 369], [370, 562], [563, 661]], "first_sentence": "A section of a book by this philosopher praises Archbishop of Canterbury John Tillotson's concise argument against the real presence.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man's best-known company was taken over by the Oppenheimer family. This man hired Frederick Selous to scout a frontier region. His business partner Charles Rudd convinced King Lobengula to concede Matabeleland's resources to this man's company. A political cartoon depicted this man as a giant straddling a continent and holding up a telegraph line. This man, who wanted to build the \"Cape to Cairo\" railroad, had his reputation tarnished by his support for the Jameson Raid. For 10 points, name this British diamond magnate who was the namesake of the predecessor-state to Zimbabwe, as well as a scholarship to Oxford.", "answer": "Cecil Rhodes [or Cecil John Rhodes; accept Rhodesia; accept Rhodes scholarships]", "page": "Cecil_Rhodes", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119568, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133835, "tokenizations": [[0, 71], [72, 131], [132, 249], [250, 354], [355, 480], [481, 624]], "first_sentence": "This man's best-known company was taken over by the Oppenheimer family.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A painting of a person of this profession is titled for Jan Deijman [\"die-man\"]. Franklin West is taking notes behind a man of this profession in a painting that shows a woman recoil in horror from the central scene. A man of this profession is interacting with the criminal Aris Kindt in another painting. A portrait of a redheaded man of this profession shows him resting his head on his right hand and holding some foxglove with his left, and was created by Van Gogh. A man of this profession is holding a scalpel in Thomas Eakins' The Gross Clinic. For 10 points, name this profession of Paul Gachet [\"gah-SHAY\"] and Nicolaes Tulp, who Rembrandt depicted conducting an Anatomy Lesson.", "answer": "doctors [or anatomists; prompt on \"professors\" or \"teachers\"] ", "page": "ELIZA", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119567, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133836, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 216], [217, 306], [307, 470], [471, 552], [553, 688]], "first_sentence": "A painting of a person of this profession is titled for Jan Deijman [\"die-man\"].", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the Metamorphoses, the rainbow goddess Iris leads this hero's wife to a star that falls from the sky. This hero's sudden disappearance during a storm is later attributed to his rapture into the heavens and subsequent apotheosis as the god Quirinus. A rival mockingly leaps over a wall built by this man, who earlier witnesses the omen of twelve vultures flying overhead. He organizes a festival of Neptune as a ploy for his men to take the Sabine women as wives. As a baby, this hero and his short-lived brother are raised by a she-wolf after they are taken from their mother Rhea Silvia. For 10 points, name this twin brother of Remus and mythical founder of Rome.", "answer": "Romulus", "page": "Romulus", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119566, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133837, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 251], [252, 373], [374, 465], [466, 591], [592, 668]], "first_sentence": "In the Metamorphoses, the rainbow goddess Iris leads this hero's wife to a star that falls from the sky.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A process that generates this compound is prevented by uncoupling proteins, such as thermogenin. Oligomycin binds to the \"F-sub-o\" subunit of an enzyme that synthesizes this compound. That enzyme that produces this compound contains three binding sites whose formations change as it rotates. The synthesis of this compound is driven by a proton gradient across which chemi\u00c2\u2022osmosis is used to generate this molecule via oxidative phosphorylation. On average, a molecule of N-A-D-H results in 2.5 molecules of this compound after going through the electron transport chain. For 10 points, name this energy currency of the cell.", "answer": "ATP [or adenosine triphosphate]", "page": "Adenosine_triphosphate", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119565, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133838, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 183], [184, 291], [292, 446], [447, 572], [573, 626]], "first_sentence": "A process that generates this compound is prevented by uncoupling proteins, such as thermogenin.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel advocates for a \"strict style\" echoed by his mentor's lecture concerning the \"magic square\". This novel's protagonist writes a secret manuscript after his friend R\u00c3\u00bcdiger Schildknapp leaves him. Durer's woodcuts influence a character in this novel to create a work titled Apocalypsis cum figuris. Its protagonist deliberately gets syphilis from a woman he calls Esmerelda. A performance of the protagonist's Lamentation of the title character concludes this novel narrated by Serenus Zeitblom. For 10 points, name this Thomas Mann novel about Adrian Leverkuhn, a composer who trades his soul to the devil for twenty-four years of genius.", "answer": "Doktor Faustus [or Doctor Faustus: The Life of the German Composer Adrian Leverkuhn, as Told by a Friend; or Doktor Faustus: Das Leben des deutschen Tonsetzers Adrian Leverkuhn, erzahlt von einem Freunde]", "page": "Doctor_Faustus_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119564, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133839, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 220], [221, 322], [323, 398], [399, 519], [520, 663]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel advocates for a \"strict style\" echoed by his mentor's lecture concerning the \"magic square\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this city, one of Richard Serra's many weathering steel spirals can be found in the courtyard of a Tadao Ando-designed museum. Gyo Obata started this city's HOK architectural firm, which added a new wing to this city's namesake art museum, originally designed by Cass Gilbert. In this home city of the Pulitzer Arts Foundation and of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, a brewer hired Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan to design a red-brick skyscraper, the Wainwright Building. This city is home to a flattened catenary-shaped monument designed by Eero Saarinen. For 10 points, name this city whose Mississippi waterfront includes the Gateway Arch.", "answer": "St. Louis, Missouri", "page": "St._Louis", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119563, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133840, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 279], [280, 486], [487, 571], [572, 657]], "first_sentence": "In this city, one of Richard Serra's many weathering steel spirals can be found in the courtyard of a Tadao Ando-designed museum.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The question of whether this country should enter World War I caused a \"National Schism\" between its monarchy and the Venizelist movement. This country mended relations with an eastern neighbor after several 1999 earthquakes, and that neighbor and this country both received aid against Soviet influence under the Truman Doctrine. This country has blocked EU membership of a former Yugoslav Republic because it disputes that country's name. This country's \"regime of the colonels\" collapsed after backing a coup against Archbishop Makarios III, causing Turkey to invade Cyprus. For 10 points, name this country also called the Hellenic Republic.", "answer": "Greece [or Republic of Greece; or Hellenic Republic or Hellas until \"Hellenic\" is read]", "page": "Greece", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119562, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133841, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 330], [331, 440], [441, 577], [578, 645]], "first_sentence": "The question of whether this country should enter World War I caused a \"National Schism\" between its monarchy and the Venizelist movement.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This person was crowned after his predecessor fell on his sword at the end of a battle at Mount Gilboa. He earned the respect of that predecessor by bringing back 200 foreskins. When he was a child, this son of Jesse was taken from his family by a man whose spirit was later summoned by the Witch of Endor. He had Uriah [\"you-RYE-uh\"] the Hittite killed to hide the fact that he had impregnated Uriah's wife Bathsheba, who then married him and gave birth to his son Solomon. The story of this successor of Saul is one of the main subjects of the Books of Samuel.  For 10 points, name this author of the Psalms, a King of Israel who killed the giant Philistine Goliath.", "answer": "David", "page": "David", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119561, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133842, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 177], [178, 306], [307, 474], [475, 564], [564, 668]], "first_sentence": "This person was crowned after his predecessor fell on his sword at the end of a battle at Mount Gilboa.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one episode, this character sings a modified version of \"Poker Face\" with the lyrics \"I don't give a crap about whales so go and hug a tree.\" This character pitches 800 films starring Adam Sandler while disguising himself as a cardboard robot named AWESOME-O. He takes revenge on a bully by killing his parents and serving them to him as chili. This sworn enemy of Scott Tenorman often says \"screw you guys, I'm going home.\" This character constantly makes fun of his friends Kenny and Kyle for being poor and Jewish, respectively. For 10 points, name this fat, obnoxious brat, one of the main characters of South Park. ", "answer": "Eric Cartman [accept either underlined portion]", "page": "Eric_Cartman", "category": "Trash", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119560, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133843, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [143, 347], [348, 426], [426, 427], [428, 534], [535, 622]], "first_sentence": "In one episode, this character sings a modified version of \"Poker Face\" with the lyrics \"I don't give a crap about whales so go and hug a tree.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A poem set at a memorial to this war repeats variations on the phrase \"leaves / flying, plunge and expire,\" and begins with the line \"row after row with strict impunity.\" A novel set during this war ends with the description of sun shining through \"the hosts of leaden rain clouds.\" The protagonist of that novel set during this war chucks a pine cone at a squirrel and encounters the Tattered Man. Allen Tate wrote an \"Ode\" to the dead of one side in this war. In a novel set during this war, Jim Conklin is survived by the cowardly Henry Fleming. For 10 points, name this war that provides the setting for Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage.", "answer": "the American Civil War", "page": "American_Civil_War", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119559, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133844, "tokenizations": [[0, 169], [169, 170], [171, 281], [281, 398], [399, 461], [462, 548], [549, 649]], "first_sentence": "A poem set at a memorial to this war repeats variations on the phrase \"leaves / flying, plunge and expire,\" and begins with the line \"row after row with strict impunity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Nitroso containing compounds are used for analyzing these compounds by extending their lifetimes through the formation of a stable adduct. The previously mentioned spin-trap compounds are commonly used in E-S-R, which can detect these compounds due to their paramagnetism. Fishhook arrows often appear in reaction mechanisms involving these compounds, such as during homolytic cleavage. Glutathione [\"glue-ta-THY-own\"], superoxide dismutase, and vitamin C prevent the formation of these compounds, which Denham Harman proposed caused aging. For 10 points, name these reactive molecules which contain unpaired electrons and which are suppressed by antioxidants.", "answer": "free radicals", "page": "Radical_(chemistry)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119558, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133845, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 272], [273, 386], [387, 540], [541, 660]], "first_sentence": "Nitroso containing compounds are used for analyzing these compounds by extending their lifetimes through the formation of a stable adduct.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A city in this state is situated along the Maumee River and was originally part of this state's northern neighbor before a namesake war transferred nearly 500 square miles in 1836. A photograph in Time magazine in 1969 depicted a fire on this state's Cuyahoga River. This state is home to an I.M. Pei-designed museum that resembles a cylindrical tower attached to a pyramid, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The second oldest amusement park in the United States, Cedar Point, is located on a peninsula in this state along the shores of Lake Erie. For 10 points, name this state whose major cities include Akron, Toledo, and Columbus.", "answer": "Ohio", "page": "Ohio", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119557, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133846, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 266], [267, 406], [407, 545], [546, 632]], "first_sentence": "A city in this state is situated along the Maumee River and was originally part of this state's northern neighbor before a namesake war transferred nearly 500 square miles in 1836.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This poet imagined lovers thinking \"Life might last! we can but try!\" upon hearing \"Those commiserating sevenths.\" This poet wrote \"God's in His heaven / All's right with the world!\" in a drama about a girl who observes the happiest people in Asolo. This poet of \"A Toccata of Galuppi's\" and Pippa Passes described a gift of cherries from \"some officious fool\" to a woman whose \"looks went everywhere\" in one work. The speaker strangles the title character with \"all her hair / In one long yellow string\" in his \"Porphyria's Lover.\" He wrote about a figure painted by Fra Pandolf who had a \"heart too soon made glad.\" For 10 points name this English poet of \"My Last Duchess\".", "answer": "Robert Browning", "page": "Robert_Browning", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119556, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133847, "tokenizations": [[0, 69], [70, 113], [113, 153], [154, 182], [183, 249], [250, 414], [415, 477], [478, 532], [533, 617], [618, 676]], "first_sentence": "This poet imagined lovers thinking \"Life might last! we can but try!\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A siege led by this man is the subject of an epic poem by Voltaire. He defeated Anne, Duke of Joyeuse at the Battle of Coutras [\"koot-RAH\"]. An event that happened shortly after this man's wedding was prompted by the attempted assassination of Gaspard de Coligny [\"COL-in-yee\"].  In order to obtain one position, this survivor of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre said that a certain city was \"well worth a Mass\" and converted to Catholicism. He was assassinated by Francois Ravaillac, who was upset with him for giving the Huguenots too much freedom with the Edict of Nantes [\"nant\"]. For 10 points, name this victor of the War of Three Henrys, the first French king from the House of Bourbon.", "answer": "Henry IV of France [or Henry of Navarre; or Henry III of Navarre; or the Green Gallant; or le vert galant; prompt on \"Henry\"]", "page": "Henry_IV_of_France", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119555, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133848, "tokenizations": [[0, 67], [68, 140], [141, 280], [280, 443], [444, 586], [587, 695]], "first_sentence": "A siege led by this man is the subject of an epic poem by Voltaire.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A D-minor piece in this genre is nicknamed for its opening sequence of half notes: a descending \"A, D,\" followed by a descending \"E, A.\" Six pieces in this genre were collected into a prolific composer's Opus 20 and published with a drawing of the title Sun on the cover. A second movement theme-and-variations on the melody of \"Deutschland \u00c3\u00bcber alles\" characterizes a piece in this genre part of a set nicknamed Erd\u00c3\u00b6dy. During the Classical period, this musical form was modeled after the symphony's four-movement design. Joseph Haydn is called the father of the symphony and of this genre. For 10 points, name this genre of chamber music for two violins, one viola, and one cello.", "answer": "string quartet [prompt on \"quartet\"] ", "page": "String_quartet", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119554, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133849, "tokenizations": [[0, 271], [272, 422], [423, 524], [525, 593], [594, 684]], "first_sentence": "A D-minor piece in this genre is nicknamed for its opening sequence of half notes: a descending \"A, D,\" followed by a descending \"E, A.\" Six pieces in this genre were collected into a prolific composer's Opus 20 and published with a drawing of the title Sun on the cover.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This region first became a crown colony after the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Disputes over the control of this region led to Spain seizing British ships in the Nootka Crisis and a bloodless conflict known as the \"Pig War.\" Canada's first female Prime Minister, Kim Campbell, hailed from this province. Franz Boas studied the potlatch culture of the Kwakiutl nation in this province, whose other First Nations are known for their totem poles. This province planned to import snow to combat the effects of El Nino during the 2010 Winter Olympics. For 10 points, name this Canadian province, the home of Vancouver. ", "answer": "British Columbia", "page": "British_Columbia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119429, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133974, "tokenizations": [[0, 74], [75, 219], [219, 299], [300, 439], [440, 542], [543, 609]], "first_sentence": "This region first became a crown colony after the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Frederick Muhlenberg was stabbed for casting the deciding vote on a document named for this politician. Opponents of this politician chanted \"damn everyone who won't damn [this politician].\" He served as Minister to Spain during the American Revolution. This politician negotiated a document that forced a nation to vacate forts at Mackinac and Niagara. He contributed five articles to the Federalist Papers, much fewer than James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. This Founding Father names a 1795 treaty that normalized relations between the United States and the United Kingdom. For 10 points, name this first Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.", "answer": "John Jay [accept Jay's Treaty] ", "page": "John_Jay", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119428, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133975, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 190], [191, 253], [254, 353], [354, 462], [463, 579], [580, 660]], "first_sentence": "Frederick Muhlenberg was stabbed for casting the deciding vote on a document named for this politician.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Two poems contained in this novel use the metaphor of a locust's shell for a woman's virginity. When his romantic intentions are rebuffed by a young woman, a man in this novel sleeps with the woman's brother instead. A chapter of this novel titled \"Vanished into the Clouds\" is completely blank, signifying the death of the title character. The title character of this novel is exiled by the emperor, who is secretly his illegitimate son with his stepmother Fujitsubo. The title character marries Princess Aoi in the first chapter of this Heian-period novel. For 10 points, name this early Japanese novel, written by Lady Murasaki Shikibu.", "answer": "Tale of Genji [or Genji Monogatari]", "page": "The_Tale_of_Genji", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119427, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133976, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 216], [217, 340], [341, 468], [469, 558], [559, 639]], "first_sentence": "Two poems contained in this novel use the metaphor of a locust's shell for a woman's virginity.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Shah Deniz natural gas field is located underneath the southwestern portion of this body of water, and a proposed gas pipeline will run underneath this body of water to a city named after Saparmurat Niyazov. The proposed Trans-Adriatic pipeline will connect this body of water to southern Europe. Though not the Aral Sea, the Amu Darya River once flowed into this body of water. Oil extracted from beneath this body of water often travels by pipeline to Ceyhan and Tbilisi from the city of Baku, which is located on this body of water. For 10 points, name this large inland sea, which is fed by the Volga River and borders such countries as Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, and Iran.", "answer": "Caspian Sea", "page": "Caspian_Sea", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119426, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133977, "tokenizations": [[0, 211], [212, 300], [301, 382], [383, 539], [540, 680]], "first_sentence": "The Shah Deniz natural gas field is located underneath the southwestern portion of this body of water, and a proposed gas pipeline will run underneath this body of water to a city named after Saparmurat Niyazov.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play says the dead are \"weaned away\" from Earth in a monologue that includes the line \"there's something way down deep that's eternal about every human being.\" In this play, Joe Crowell wins a scholarship but dies during World War I. Each act of this play includes a singing of \"Blessed Be the Tie That Binds.\" A character in this play asks \"do any human beings ever realize life while they live it\" after re-living her 12th birthday. George Gibbs and Emily Webb are married by a character who arranges the set and explains the plot of this play, the Stage Manager. For 10 points, name this play about Grover's Corner written by Thornton Wilder.", "answer": "Our Town", "page": "Our_Town", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119425, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133978, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 178], [178, 179], [180, 253], [254, 306], [307, 330], [331, 454], [455, 585], [586, 665]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play says the dead are \"weaned away\" from Earth in a monologue that includes the line \"there's something way down deep", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Activity is used as an effective form of this quantity for non-ideal systems. Peak size in HPLC is proportional to this value. The magnitude of properties dependent on this quantity is proportional to this quantity's product with the van't Hoff factor. This quantity is conventionally represented using square brackets. This non-partial pressure quantity is used along with the stoichiometric coefficient to define equilibrium constants. Colligative properties are dependent on this quantity, which can be found via a titration. For 10 points, name this quantity which can be measured in molarity which for a solution refers to how much solute is in some amount of solvent.", "answer": "concentration [prompt on molarity or molality]", "page": "Concentration", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119424, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133979, "tokenizations": [[0, 77], [78, 126], [127, 252], [253, 319], [320, 437], [438, 528], [529, 673]], "first_sentence": "Activity is used as an effective form of this quantity for non-ideal systems.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A war fought over the succession of this person ended with the Battle of Toro, and this person was able to come to power after Alfonso, the Prince of Asturias, died of the plague. An institution founded by this person was responsible for carrying out several auto-da-f\u00c3\u00a8 ceremonies. With the assistance of Tomas de Torquemada, this daughter of John II issued the Alhambra Decree, which expelled all of the Jews from her country. With her husband, this woman funded the Atlantic voyages of Christopher Columbus. For 10 points, name this female member of the \"Catholic Monarchs,\" a Queen of Castile who was the wife of Ferdinand of Aragon.", "answer": "Isabella I [or Isabella of Castile before mention]", "page": "Isabella_I_of_Castile", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119423, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133980, "tokenizations": [[0, 179], [180, 282], [283, 428], [429, 510], [511, 637]], "first_sentence": "A war fought over the succession of this person ended with the Battle of Toro, and this person was able to come to power after Alfonso, the Prince of Asturias, died of the plague.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel utters phrases like \"Never put off till tomorrow the fun you can have today\" and \"One cubic centimeter cures ten gloomy sentiments\" while sleeping. In this novel, a crowd chants \"We want the whip\" after the self-flagellation of a man living in an air-lighthouse is filmed. On a trip to New Mexico, this novel's protagonist meets Linda and her son, with whom the protagonist returns to London. In this novel, Helmholtz Watson and Bernard Marx are banished to remote islands by Mustapha Mond. This novel's character John the Savage does not enjoy the use of soma. For 10 points, name this dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley.", "answer": "Brave New World", "page": "Brave_New_World", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119422, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133981, "tokenizations": [[0, 173], [174, 298], [299, 418], [419, 516], [517, 587], [588, 646]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel utters phrases like \"Never put off till tomorrow the fun you can have today\" and \"One cubic centimeter cures ten gloomy sentiments\" while sleeping.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A formula which describes this phenomenon is obtained by approximating the Kirchhoff integral theorem with Kirchhoff's boundary conditions. The angular resolution of this phenomenon can be estimated by the formula \"1.22 times lambda over D\", which is the Rayleigh criterion. This phenomenon occurs due to every point on a wave front acting as a source for secondary spherical waves which interfere with each other. This phenomenon is explained by Huygens' principle. With interference, it causes the dark fringes that appear when light passes through a slit. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which light bends around an obstacle.", "answer": "diffraction", "page": "Diffraction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119421, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133982, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 274], [275, 414], [415, 466], [467, 558], [559, 635]], "first_sentence": "A formula which describes this phenomenon is obtained by approximating the Kirchhoff integral theorem with Kirchhoff's boundary conditions.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Jean Guitton was the leader of a group that opposed troops led by this man in one battle. This man oversaw negotiations that led to the Treaty of Stettin, which allied his country with Sweden during the Thirty Years War. This man rose to power after the death of Concino Concini. Marie de Medici was exiled after an attempt to remove this man in an event called the Day of the Dupes. In the Peace of Alais, signed after the Siege of La Rochelle, this man stripped away the rights of the Huguenots. He was succeeded in his highest position by Cardinal Mazarin. For 10 points, name this Chief Minister of France under Louis XIII.", "answer": "Cardinal Richelieu", "page": "Cardinal_Richelieu", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119420, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133983, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 220], [221, 279], [280, 383], [384, 497], [498, 559], [560, 627]], "first_sentence": "Jean Guitton was the leader of a group that opposed troops led by this man in one battle.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A man who claimed that this philosopher \"is not interested in madness\" is criticized in an essay by Jacques Derrida, who titled that essay for a concept this thinker created. Antoine Arnauld pointed out a circular argument in this philosopher's discussion of clear and distinct perceptions. This author attempts to consider all external things as traps created by an evil, deceiving demon. This philosopher's most famous text sets out to demolish his false opinions, like the idea that knowledge comes from the senses. For 10 points name this author of the Meditations on First Philosophy and Discourse on Method who wrote \"cogito ergo sum\".", "answer": "Ren\u00c3\u00a9 Descartes", "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119419, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133984, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 290], [291, 389], [390, 518], [519, 641]], "first_sentence": "A man who claimed that this philosopher \"is not interested in madness\" is criticized in an essay by Jacques Derrida, who titled that essay for a concept this thinker created.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The fourth movement of this composer's Keyboard suite in D minor is his namesake \"Sarabande.\" This composer called for a chorus of youths, a chorus of virgins, and a chorus of Israelites to sing \"See, the conqu'ring hero comes!\" in Judas Maccabaeus. This composer began Part III of his piece Solomon with a sinfonia titled \"The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba.\" He interspersed settings of the words \"for the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth\" in a section of a piece that uses arias such as \"I know that my Redeemer liveth\" to depict the life of Jesus Christ. For 10 points, name this German-born English composer, whose oratorio Messiah includes the \"Hallelujah\" chorus.", "answer": "George Frideric Handel [or Georg Friedrich H\u00c3\u00a4ndel]", "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119418, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133985, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [92, 228], [229, 249], [250, 359], [360, 553], [554, 665]], "first_sentence": "The fourth movement of this composer's Keyboard suite in D minor is his namesake \"Sarabande.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A group of athletes of this ethnicity that dominated the early American Olympics track-and-field squad was nicknamed this people's \"Whales.\" Immigrants of this ethnicity made up the majority of the Dead Rabbits gang and faced off against each other in the Orange riots. These people settled in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood and were discriminated by signs saying they \"need not apply.\" These people arrived in America on \"coffin ships\" and came to have the largest presence of any nationality in Boston. For 10 points, name this ethnic group whose contribution to America is recognized on St. Patrick's Day.", "answer": "the Irish [or Irish-American; or people from Ireland]", "page": "Irish_Americans", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119417, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133986, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 269], [270, 386], [386, 505], [506, 609]], "first_sentence": "A group of athletes of this ethnicity that dominated the early American Olympics track-and-field squad was nicknamed this people's \"Whales.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The songs of the bard Demodocus drive this hero to tears some time after he uses Ino's magic veil to reach the island of Scheria and enjoy the hospitality of the queen Arete. Ajax refuses to speak to this hero on a journey to the underworld during which Tiresias advises him to avoid eating the cattle of Helios. This hero is forced to live with Calypso for seven years in part for incurring the wrath of Poseidon by introducing himself as \"Nobody\" and driving a wooden stake through the eye of the cyclops Polyphemus. For 10 points, name this father of Telemachus who reunites with his wife Penelope after a ten-year voyage home from Troy.", "answer": "Odysseus [or Ulysses]", "page": "Odysseus", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119416, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133987, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 312], [313, 518], [519, 640]], "first_sentence": "The songs of the bard Demodocus drive this hero to tears some time after he uses Ino's magic veil to reach the island of Scheria and enjoy the hospitality of the queen Arete.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A theorem states that any positive number can be represented as the sum of two non-consecutive elements from this set of numbers. These numbers, which are the subject of Carmichael's Theorem, have a closed-form solution known as Binet's Formula. That formula includes the number \"one minus the square root of five over two\", which is known as phi or the golden ratio. They are defined as a recurrence relation where the nth value equals the sum of the \"n-minus-1\" and \"n-minus-2\" values. For 10 points, name these members of a sequence named after an Italian mathematician, the first five of which are 1, 1, 2, 3, and 5.", "answer": "Fibonacci numbers", "page": "Fibonacci_number", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119415, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133988, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 245], [246, 367], [368, 487], [488, 620]], "first_sentence": "A theorem states that any positive number can be represented as the sum of two non-consecutive elements from this set of numbers.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "At the left of this painting, a red-robed figure with a sheathed sword has his left hand on his hip and is using his right hand to hold up a staff, which is wrapped with snakes. A possible companion to this painting shows a woman holding a halberd standing next to a centaur. The right foreground of this painting shows a blue-skinned man grabing a woman whose mouth is spilling wildflowers; that is this painting's depiction of Chloris and Zephyrus. The top center of this painting shows Cupid aiming towards the three Graces, who are dancing next to Venus in a grove of oranges. For 10 points, name this Botticelli painting sometimes called Allegory of Spring.", "answer": "La Primavera [accept Allegory of Spring until \"Allegory\"]", "page": "Primavera_(painting)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119414, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133989, "tokenizations": [[0, 177], [178, 275], [276, 450], [451, 580], [581, 662]], "first_sentence": "At the left of this painting, a red-robed figure with a sheathed sword has his left hand on his hip and is using his right hand to hold up a staff, which is wrapped with snakes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During evening prayer services on this holiday, many married men wear a robe called a kittel that is otherwise used as a funeral shroud. One minor tradition on this holiday is the reading of the entire Book of Jonah during the afternoon service. Oral tradition dictates that people may not wash themselves or have sex while observing this holiday. One important prayer during this holiday is recited in Aramaic rather than the usual Hebrew; that is the Kol Nidre. It is observed with a 25-hour fast and special synagogue services. For 10 points, name this Day of Atonement, the holiest day of the year in Judaism.", "answer": "Yom Kippur", "page": "Yom_Kippur", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119413, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133990, "tokenizations": [[0, 136], [137, 245], [246, 347], [348, 463], [464, 530], [531, 613]], "first_sentence": "During evening prayer services on this holiday, many married men wear a robe called a kittel that is otherwise used as a funeral shroud.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Ross Douthat explained this man's popularity in America in a New York Times opinion piece titled \"In Search of the [this man] Effect.\" Paul Gosar boycotted one of this man's speeches because this man supported Barack Obama's climate change initiative. He delighted Bernie Sanders by mentioning Dorothy Day alongside Thomas Merton, Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King in a speech. John Boehner resigned as Speaker of the House the day after he cried through portions of this man's speech. He's not a Republican presidential candidate, but this man secretly met with Kim Davis. For 10 points, name this man who made a much-publicized visit to the United States in the summer of 2015, the current Pope.", "answer": "Pope Francis [or Jorge Mario Bergoglio] ", "page": "Pope_Francis", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119412, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133991, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 251], [252, 382], [383, 490], [491, 578], [579, 702]], "first_sentence": "Ross Douthat explained this man's popularity in America in a New York Times opinion piece titled \"In Search of the [this man] Effect.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This process is made more efficient by a sliding clamp protein that prevents its central enzyme from dissociating from its substrate. In prokaryotes this process begins at ori sites. The mechanism of this process was determined by growing E. coli in a nitrogen-15 medium. This process was shown to be semiconservative by Meselson and Stahl and cannot occur without a primer. Okazaki fragments form on the lagging strand during this process since it only occurs in the \"5-prime\" to \"3-prime\" direction. This process that occurs during the S phase requires enzymes like ligase, helicase and DNA polymerase. For 10 points, name this process which creates a copy of the genome.", "answer": "DNA synthesis [or DNA replication; or just synthesis or replication after \"DNA\" has been read]", "page": "DNA_synthesis", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119411, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133992, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 182], [183, 271], [272, 374], [375, 501], [502, 604], [605, 673]], "first_sentence": "This process is made more efficient by a sliding clamp protein that prevents its central enzyme from dissociating from its substrate.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This composer wrote a ballet whose finale begins with a lyrical horn solo in 3/2 [\"three two\"] time. The title character is captured while plucking some golden apples in this composer's ballet featuring a sorcerer who is put to sleep by a solo bassoon-introduced lullaby shortly after he and his subjects are lulled into a frenzied \"Infernal Dance.\" In another of his ballets, Part I, titled \"The Adoration of the Earth,\" begins with an unusually high-pitched unaccompanied bassoon solo. A young girl is sacrificed at the end of that ballet, which sparked a riot at its 1913 premiere. For 10 points, name this composer of The Firebird and The Rite of Spring.", "answer": "Igor Stravinsky [or Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky]", "page": "Igor_Stravinsky", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119410, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133993, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 348], [348, 487], [488, 584], [585, 658]], "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a ballet whose finale begins with a lyrical horn solo in 3/2 [\"three two\"] time.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A play by this author features a song sung to a baby about a \"giant horse / who didn't want the water.\" The settings of that play by this man are sparsely described and include a yellow room and a cave. After inheriting a large amount of money, Angustias is able to find a suitor in a play by this author. One play by this author sees the Groom killed by the only named character, Leonardo. In another play by this author, Adela and Martirio disobey the title character in order to pursue the love of Pepe el Romano. For 10 points, name this Spanish author of Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.", "answer": "Federico Garcia Lorca", "page": "Federico_Garc\u00eda_Lorca", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119409, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133994, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [102, 202], [203, 305], [306, 390], [391, 516], [517, 605]], "first_sentence": "A play by this author features a song sung to a baby about a \"giant horse / who didn't want the water.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Most knowledge about this city is derived from a Bernardino de Sahagun text held at a library in Florence. This city had districts called \"calpulli.\" It was surrounded by floating farms called chinampas. The ruins of this city's destroyed religious center are now covered by the Zocalo. Captives would be paraded into this city after successful \"Flower Wars.\" An invading army fled this city in La Noche Triste. This city formed a triple alliance with Texcoco and Tlacopan and was legendarily founded on a site where an eagle was seen perched on a cactus. Hernando Cortez conquered, for 10 points, what city ruled by emperors named Montezuma, the capitol of the Aztec Empire?", "answer": "Tenochtitlan [or Mexico-Tenochtitlan; do not accept or prompt on Mexico City]", "page": "Tenochtitlan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "ACF Fall", "difficulty": "easy_college", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 119408, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 133995, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 148], [148, 203], [204, 286], [287, 359], [360, 411], [412, 555], [556, 675]], "first_sentence": "Most knowledge about this city is derived from a Bernardino de Sahagun text held at a library in Florence.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "People with family connections could avoid participating in this system via the \"protection privilege.\" This system was one of the chief influences on the Northcote-Trevelyan report. This system was modernized during the Hundred Days Reform, which included the abolishment of this system's focus on the notoriously rigid \"eight-legged\" form. After his lack of (*) success in this system, Hong Xiuquan declared himself the younger brother of Jesus and started the Taiping rebellion. This system culminated in a 72-hour process held in a tiny cell. Successful participants in this system could achieve the jenshi status and had to memorize many of the Four Books and Five Classics, a set of Confucian works. For 10 points, name this system by which the bureaucracy of Imperial China was selected.", "answer": "Chinese imperial examination [or Chinese civil service examination; or keju; prompt on partial answers like Chinese civil service or Chinese bureaucracy or Chinese government]", "page": "Imperial_examination", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118660, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134528, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [102, 182], [183, 341], [342, 481], [482, 546], [547, 705], [706, 794]], "first_sentence": "People with family connections could avoid participating in this system via the \"protection privilege.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The speaker of a section of T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land recounts going out to do this activity with her cousin, who assuages her fear by saying, \"Marie, Marie, hold on tight.\" The groomsmen Peter and Pavel are the only survivors of a wolf attack that occurs while performing this activity after a wedding in a story Antonia Shimerda relates to Jim Burden. In another novel, the title character and his crush take part in this activity after reminiscing near (*) Shadow Pond and replicating a kiss they saw between Ned Hale and Ruth Varnum. Those characters then attempt to commit suicide by crashing into an elm during this activity. For 10 points, name this winter activity that leaves Mattie a paralyzed invalid under the care of Zeena and Ethan Frome.", "answer": "sledding [or sleighing; accept word forms or answers involving riding or using a sled or a sleigh]", "page": "Sledding", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118659, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134529, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [174, 355], [356, 539], [540, 633], [634, 754]], "first_sentence": "The speaker of a section of T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land recounts going out to do this activity with her cousin, who assuages her fear by saying, \"Marie, Marie, hold on tight.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This artist painted two masons carrying their hurt coworker away from an accident site in a tapestry cartoon requested by the German artist Anton Mengs. A young girl distances herself from a silhouetted goat presiding over a coven of witches in another painting by this artist. This artist depicted a woman, possibly the Duchess of Alba, in states of dress and (*) undress in his companion paintings The Clothed Maja and The Nude Maja. This artist made extensive use of aquatint in his 82-image series The Disasters of War. A man in a white shirt adopts the pose of Christ as he faces a firing squad in this artist's painting commemorating resistance to Napoleon's invasion. For 10 points, name this Spanish painter of The Third of May, 1808.", "answer": "Francisco Goya [or Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes]", "page": "Francisco_Goya", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118658, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134530, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 277], [278, 399], [400, 435], [436, 523], [524, 674], [675, 742]], "first_sentence": "This artist painted two masons carrying their hurt coworker away from an accident site in a tapestry cartoon requested by the German artist Anton Mengs.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Galactitol accumulates in this structure in galactokinase deficiency. In diseases such as homocystinuria and Marfan syndrome, this structure experiences subluxation. Type IV collagen is abundant in this structure's namesake capsule. 90% of the proteins in this structure are alpha, beta, and gamma-crystallins. The Zonules of Zinn connect it to the ciliary body. These structures are absent in aphakia, and are thought to lose their elasticity in presbyopia. A large patch of (*) gel located behind this structure is called the vitreous humor. These anatomical structures contribute the second most diopters, and they become clouded in cataracts. For 10 points, name these biconcave structures in the eye that work with the cornea to refract light.", "answer": "lenses", "page": "Lens_(optics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118657, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134531, "tokenizations": [[0, 69], [70, 165], [166, 232], [233, 310], [311, 362], [363, 458], [459, 543], [544, 646], [647, 748]], "first_sentence": "Galactitol accumulates in this structure in galactokinase deficiency.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A sinner in hell begs a man with this name to warn his five brothers to repent but is told they already have Moses and the Prophets. In Eastern Orthodoxy, the day before Palm Sunday is named for a man with this name. Another man with this name is told to dip his finger in the waters of heaven to cool the tongue of a rich man in hell. A story about a man with this name prompts the shortest verse in the Bible, which reads \"Jesus (*) wept.\" Jesus receives an invitation to visit a man with this name but waits two days before going to see that man's sisters Mary and Martha. Despite smelling after sitting for four days, that man with this name rises when Jesus orders him out of his tomb. For 10 points, give this name of a man who is resurrected by Jesus.", "answer": "Lazarus", "page": "Lazarus_of_Bethany", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118656, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134532, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 216], [217, 335], [336, 440], [440, 575], [576, 690], [691, 758]], "first_sentence": "A sinner in hell begs a man with this name to warn his five brothers to repent but is told they already have Moses and the Prophets.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Precues can be used to study this process in the Posner test. The stimuli \"money\" and \"river\" changesdd the interpretation of \"bank\" in a study by MacKay that challenged the \"leaky filter\" models of this process that are modulated by Treisman's attenuator. Daniel Kahneman proposed a model of this process that focuses on the mental effort it takes to process stimuli. An earlier model of this ability formulated by Broadbent posits a bottleneck filter and cannot account for the (*) cocktail party effect that allows multiple conversations to be processed at once. The load theory describes this skill as a limited resource that must be divided when multitasking. For 10 points, name this cognitive ability to focus on tasks impaired in a namesake deficit disorder.", "answer": "attention", "page": "Attention", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118655, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134533, "tokenizations": [[0, 61], [62, 256], [257, 368], [369, 565], [566, 664], [665, 766]], "first_sentence": "Precues can be used to study this process in the Posner test.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This book's digressions include a comparison of Bordeaux and Champagne wine and an ode to the beauty of women's feet, and it includes a love letter beginning \"I write to you! When that is said, What more is left for me to say?\" A character in this novel is compared to Childe Harold for bathing in an icy river each morning after inheriting a house from his uncle. Its protagonist angers Zaretsky by choosing his servant Guillot as his (*) second. This novel written in namesake sonnet stanzas which feature alternating masculine and feminine rhymes. After dancing with Olga at a party, this poem's title character kills his friend Lensky in a duel. For 10 points, name this verse novel whose title character is rejected by Tatyana, the masterpiece of Alexander Pushkin.", "answer": "Eugene Onegin [or Yevgeny Onegin]", "page": "Eugene_Onegin", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118654, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134534, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 226], [226, 364], [365, 447], [448, 550], [551, 649], [650, 770]], "first_sentence": "This book's digressions include a comparison of Bordeaux and Champagne wine and an ode to the beauty of women's feet, and it includes a love letter beginning \"I write to you!", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One head of this organization, Bernadine Healy, was forced to resign after news broke that its Liberty Fund was being misappropriated. ProPublica exposed how this organization drove nearly-empty trucks to provide background images for press conferences given by its CEO, Gail McGovern. In 2008, a judge ruled in favor of this organization in a trademark dispute over its emblem with (*) Johnson & Johnson. A manual for this organization concerning AIDS and homosexuals was re-written under Elizabeth Dole. This affiliate of an international movement headquartered in Geneva was founded by a woman nicknamed \"the angel of the battlefield,\" Clara Barton. For 10 points, name this charity which provides the largest supply of blood to hospitals in the United States.", "answer": "American National Red Cross [prompt on Red Cross]", "page": "American_Red_Cross", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118653, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134535, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 285], [286, 409], [410, 509], [510, 656], [657, 767]], "first_sentence": "One head of this organization, Bernadine Healy, was forced to resign after news broke that its Liberty Fund was being misappropriated.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Wilhelm Tranow performed this task for B-Dienst. A group of female performers of this task were nicknamed \"Dilly's girls,\" after the classics scholar and papyrologist Alfred Dillwyn Knox. Performers of this task bestowed the nickname \"Tunny\" upon the Lorenz SZ40. Marian Rejewski (mah-REE-ahn RAY- yev-ski), a Polish performer of this task, invented a device called the bomba. Several people were trained to perform this task on the (*) \"Ultra\" designation at Bletchley Park. The codename Magic was given to this task in the Pacific Theater, whereas in the European theater, performing this task often involved reverse-engineering Enigma machines. For 10 points, name this military intelligence task in which one accesses protected enemy communications.", "answer": "codebreaking [or cryptanalysis; or cryptography; accept answers that convey deciphering a code; prompt on military intelligence; prompt on espionage; prompt on spying]", "page": "Cryptanalysis", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118652, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134536, "tokenizations": [[0, 187], [188, 263], [264, 376], [377, 475], [476, 647], [648, 753]], "first_sentence": "Wilhelm Tranow performed this task for B-Dienst. A group of female performers of this task were nicknamed \"Dilly's girls,\" after the classics scholar and papyrologist Alfred Dillwyn Knox.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Oxides of this element are found in great leaving groups, like triflates and mesylates. An oxide of this element easily penetrates through nitrile gloves and leaves unsuspecting chemists with the taste of garlic. Iodine oxidizes this element from its +2 state in a common redox titration. Beta-mercaptoethanol reduces this element, unfolding proteins. Purple bacteria oxidize this element, not carbon. Oxides of (*) nitrogen and this element are subscripted with an X. Oxidation of this element crosslinks keratin fibers. This element's dioxide is oxidized by vanadium into oleum in the contact process. It gets oxidized during vulcanization of rubber. For 10 points, name this nonmetal in the same family as oxygen, which normally exists as a yellow solid or a smelly gas.", "answer": "sulfur [or S]", "page": "Sulfur", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118651, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134537, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 212], [213, 288], [289, 351], [352, 401], [402, 521], [522, 603], [604, 652], [653, 773]], "first_sentence": "Oxides of this element are found in great leaving groups, like triflates and mesylates.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Two characters reminisce about \"the two by four where [they] kept house\" in this musical work's \"Tango-Ballad.\" In another scene, two men who had fought together in India sing about chopping up the the native population and eating them raw. A song imagining a \"Black Freighter\" massacring some rude hotel guests is sung at the main character's wedding. \"Cannon Song\" and (*) \"Pirate Jenny\" appear in this work, along with a murder ballad comparing the protagonist's jackknife to shark's teeth that was covered by Bobby Darin. Polly Peachum appears in this musical, which is a loose adaptation of an earlier John Gay work narrated by the Beggar. For 10 points, name this musical which contains \"Mack the Knife,\" the first collaboration between Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht.", "answer": "The Threepenny Opera [or Die Dreigoschenoper]", "page": "The_Threepenny_Opera", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118650, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134538, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 240], [241, 352], [353, 525], [526, 644], [645, 773]], "first_sentence": "Two characters reminisce about \"the two by four where [they] kept house\" in this musical work's \"Tango-Ballad.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In Martin Heidegger's philosophy, this phenomenon is the \"ownmost possibility\" of Dasein, which can be authentic or inauthentic in \"being-towards\" this thing. Arthur Schopenhauer claimed that this thing is the \"true inspiring genius, or the muse of philosophy\". Xanthippe cries in anticipation of an event of this type in the dialogue Phaedo. A Michel de Montaigne essay claims that to study of philosophy is to learn how to undergo this process. Epicurus's atomism led him to argue that people need not (*) fear this event happening to them as it is \"nothing to us\". Chapter 1 of a Kierkegaard book claims that despair is The Sickness Unto this phenomenon. For 10 points, name this inevitable event for every living thing, which occurred for Socrates after he drank hemlock.", "answer": "death [or dying; accept more specific answers such as execution or suicide until \"learn\"]", "page": "Death", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118649, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134539, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 261], [262, 342], [343, 446], [447, 567], [568, 657], [658, 775]], "first_sentence": "In Martin Heidegger's philosophy, this phenomenon is the \"ownmost possibility\" of Dasein, which can be authentic or inauthentic in \"being-towards\" this thing.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This poet wrote that \"Love is a ripe plum growing on a purple tree\" in his \"Love Song for Lucinda\". Another of his poems is about a student who admits \"I guess you learn from me--although you're older\" to a man who commands \"let that page come out of you--then, it will be true\". The speaker of a poem by this man asks \"The free? Who said the free? Not me?\" in a poem beginning \"Let (*) America be America again\". In a poem by this man, the speaker claims to have seen bodies of water as \"ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood\", including the \"Mississippi, when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans\". For 10 points, name this poet of \"Theme for English B\" and \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers\", a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance.", "answer": "Langston Hughes [or James Mercer Langston Hughes]", "page": "Langston_Hughes", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118648, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134540, "tokenizations": [[0, 99], [100, 279], [280, 329], [330, 348], [349, 413], [414, 622], [623, 753]], "first_sentence": "This poet wrote that \"Love is a ripe plum growing on a purple tree\" in his \"Love Song for Lucinda\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "These instruments play the first two statements of the opening canon theme in Henryk Gorecki's Symphony of Sorrowful Songs. At the beginning of the third movement of Mahler's first symphony, a muted one of these instruments plays a minor-key version of \"Frere Jacques\" above the timpani. A \"C- extension\" is often added to this instruments to extend their range downward. Schubert's Trout Quintet (*) replaces the second violin with one of these. Unlike the rest of the strings, this instrument does not use fine tuners and its strings are tuned in fourths. Prior to the 19th century, it usually doubled the cellos an octave lower in orchestral music. For 10 points, name this lowest-pitched member of the string section.", "answer": "double bass [or string bass or contrabass]", "page": "Double_bass", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118647, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134541, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 287], [288, 371], [372, 446], [447, 557], [558, 651], [652, 721]], "first_sentence": "These instruments play the first two statements of the opening canon theme in Henryk Gorecki's Symphony of Sorrowful Songs.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man's smoldering corpse gives off a noxious odor as the Argonauts sail up the river in which he landed. This man is a friend of a king of Liguria named Cycnus, who turns into a swan after this man's death. After his death, this man's body falls into the Eridanos river, next to which his two grieving sisters turn into poplar trees, while their tears turn into amber. After an insult from one of his (*) playmates, this son of Clymene sets out to prove his parentage. His actions explain why the Ethiopians have black skin. This man is killed by a thunderbolt from Zeus after his actions form deserts and scorch the earth. For 10 points, name this son of Helios who disastrously tries to drive the sun chariot.", "answer": "Phaethon [or Phaeton]", "page": "Phaethon", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118646, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134542, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 210], [211, 372], [373, 472], [473, 528], [529, 627], [628, 715]], "first_sentence": "This man's smoldering corpse gives off a noxious odor as the Argonauts sail up the river in which he landed.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This country was depicted in one American political cartoon as a five-headed man pointing a dagger towards the ground at a group of Americans. A force of sailors referred to as the sitting president's \"Jackasses\" prepared for a war with this country. The USS Constellation captured this nation's The Insurgent. A boat originally called the Little Sarah was renamed by an out-of-control diplomat from this country in (*) Charleston Harbor. The toast \"Millions of dollars for defense, but not one cent for tribute\" was allegedly given to mock this country after a scandal in which John Marshall, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and Elbridge Gerry were told to pay a bribe for diplomatic access. For 10 points, name this home country of Citizen Genet, which fought the Quasi-War against John Adams' America after the XYZ affair.", "answer": "France [or First French Republic] ", "page": "France", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118645, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134543, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 250], [251, 310], [311, 438], [439, 689], [690, 822]], "first_sentence": "This country was depicted in one American political cartoon as a five-headed man pointing a dagger towards the ground at a group of Americans.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Doppler shift is used to detangle spectral lines for the spectroscopic variety of these systems. The first indirect evidence of gravity waves came from observations of this type of system. That example of this type of system was the first discovered to contain a pulsar and was discovered by (*) Hulse and Taylor. Algol, a system of this type, is the name of a paradox in stellar evolution in which mass transfer can alter a star's evolutionary track. Every instance of a type Ia supernova has originated from this type of system. For 10 points, name this type of astronomical system, such as Sirius, in which two stars orbit each other.", "answer": "binary star system [or binary pulsar; prompt on pulsar before it is mentioned] ", "page": "Binary_star", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118644, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134544, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 192], [193, 317], [318, 455], [456, 534], [535, 641]], "first_sentence": "The Doppler shift is used to detangle spectral lines for the spectroscopic variety of these systems.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel uses a golden chain given to her by one man to wear the amber cross given to her by another. The betrayal represented by her sister's sudden elopement causes a woman in this novel to run off with Yates, her libertine brother's best friend. Two characters in this novel flirt during a racy amateur production of Elizabeth Inchbald's play (*) Lovers' Vows. A climactic event in this novel is a character's return from a year spent tending to his plantation in Antigua. The penurious Mrs. Norris is the antagonist of this novel, which begins with the daughter of a disabled, alcoholic naval lieutenant being sent to live with the Bertram family in the title estate. For 10 points, name this novel about Fanny Price, the third by Jane Austen.", "answer": "Mansfield Park", "page": "Mansfield_Park", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118643, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134545, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 265], [266, 380], [381, 492], [493, 688], [689, 764]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel uses a golden chain given to her by one man to wear the amber cross given to her by another.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Davydov splitting is caused by excitations of these systems within individual unit cells. The energy of two of these systems is proportional to 1 minus 3 times cosine squared of the angle between them, giving a critical value at 54.74 degrees. In linear optics, one of these things is created by an external field, with a magnitude proportional to the polarizability. The potential from this arrangement drops off with the (*) third power of distance. The potential energy of these objects is given by the dot product of the external electric field with their namesake moment, which is the product of charge and distance, and is symbolized mu. For 10 points, name these systems of a positive charge separated from a negative charge.", "answer": "electric dipoles [or electric dipole moment]", "page": "Electric_dipole_moment", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118642, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134546, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 243], [244, 367], [368, 451], [452, 643], [644, 732]], "first_sentence": "Davydov splitting is caused by excitations of these systems within individual unit cells.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Swiss-Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari built several fortified towers in this city, which often vied for power with its northern rival Tver. A ruler of this city prevailed in the Great Stand on the Ugra River. A prince from this city was nicknamed for winning a battle on the Don river. Partly because a ruler of this city married Sophia Palaiologina, the niece of the last Byzantine Emperor, this city styled itself the (*) \"Third Rome\" after the fall of Constantinople. Another prince of this city stopped paying tribute to the Mongols in 1476, ending the \"Tatar yoke.\" The Grand Duchy headquartered in this city came to an end in 1547 with the ascension of Ivan IV, who made it his capital. For 10 points, name this city where Ivan III renovated the Kremlin.", "answer": "Moscow [or Moskva; or Muscovy]", "page": "Moscow", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118641, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134547, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 220], [221, 297], [298, 427], [428, 435], [436, 482], [483, 581], [581, 582], [583, 704], [705, 772]], "first_sentence": "The Swiss-Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari built several fortified towers in this city, which often vied for power with its northern rival Tver.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The amount of anesthetic required to prevent 50% of patients from moving in response to surgical stimuli is called the \"minimum concentration\" of these structures. The imbalance between alpha-1- antitrypsin and elastase in the walls of these structures can lead to a common disease. The type II \"great\" cells in these structures secrete lecithins such as DPPC, the primary constituent of (*) surfactant. As their radius decreases, these structures are more likely to collapse. Emphysema destroys the walls of these structures, which are shaped like hollow cavities, and interface with blood vessels that release carbon dioxide and load up on oxygen. For 10 points, name these thin-walled air sacs that are found all throughout the mammalian lung.", "answer": "alveoli [accept word forms, such as alveolus and alveolar; prompt on lungs]", "page": "Pulmonary_alveolus", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118640, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134548, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 282], [283, 403], [404, 476], [477, 649], [650, 746]], "first_sentence": "The amount of anesthetic required to prevent 50% of patients from moving in response to surgical stimuli is called the \"minimum concentration\" of these structures.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This king was overthrown in an event that confirmed the \"right to work\" by establishing a series of \"National Workshops.\" During this king's reign, silk workers revolted against factory owners during the two Canut Revolts. His head was often depicted as a pear in contemporary political cartoons, which criticized the conservative policies promoted by his minister Francois (*) Guizot. This French king came to power in the \"Three Glorious Days\", which occurred shortly after France had invaded Algeria under the direction of Charles X. He himself was overthrown about a year before Napoleon III was elected president. For 10 points, name this king of France, who ruled from 1830 to 1848, and earned a nickname reflecting the populist support he enjoyed.", "answer": "Louis Philippe I [or Citizen King; do not accept or prompt on \"Louis\"]", "page": "Louis_Philippe_I", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118639, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134549, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [120, 222], [223, 373], [374, 385], [386, 618], [619, 754]], "first_sentence": "This king was overthrown in an event that confirmed the \"right to work\" by establishing a series of \"National Workshops.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This author wrote about identifying with his young son upon returning to a camp in Maine in his Harper's essay \"Once More to the Lake\". The protagonist of a novel by this man rescues the drowning Applegate Skinner and learns to play taps and reveille (\"rev-ah-lee\") while working at Camp Kookooskoos. Sam Beaver befriends the mute Louis, whose father gives him the title (*) instrument, in a novel by this man, who also wrote an addendum to a book by another author featuring advice like \"Write with nouns and verbs.\" The title character of one of his novels weaves the words \"Some Pig\" to keep Wilbur from being slaughtered. For 10 points, name this New Yorker writer who revised Strunk's The Elements of Style and wrote The Trumpet of the Swan and Charlotte's Web.", "answer": "E.B. White [or Elwyn Brooks White]", "page": "E._B._White", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118638, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134550, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 300], [301, 516], [516, 517], [518, 625], [626, 766]], "first_sentence": "This author wrote about identifying with his young son upon returning to a camp in Maine in his Harper's essay \"Once More to the Lake\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The translational partition function equals volume over the cube of the thermal form of this quantity, which is proportional to the square root of beta over molar mass. In one experiment, this quantity was estimated as one over 0.815 times the square root of the accelerating voltage. For a ground-state particle in a box, this quantity is the twice the length of the box. This quantity for electrons equals twice the lattice (*) spacing, times the sine of the smallest scattering angle, as measured in the Davisson-Germer experiment. This quantity, first hypothesized in a 1924 PhD thesis, is equal to Planck's constant divided by a particle's momentum. For 10 points, name this quantity possessed by all matter according to de Broglie's wave-particle duality, but which for waves, is the distance from crest-to-crest.", "answer": "de Broglie wavelength [or lambda]", "page": "Matter_wave", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118637, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134551, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 284], [285, 372], [373, 534], [535, 654], [655, 819]], "first_sentence": "The translational partition function equals volume over the cube of the thermal form of this quantity, which is proportional to the square root of beta over molar mass.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the form of an eagle, this hero calls upon the god of rain for a torrent of water to escape from an angry fire goddess, from whom this hero earlier receives ten fingernails and toenails filled with fire. This hero uses a stone axe to kill Long Eel, or Tuna, for spitting slime at his wife. This hero meets his end when some nearby birds break out in laughter, causing the queen of the underworld to wake up while this hero is trying to crawl into her body and gain (*) immortality. This husband of Hina uses his grandmother's jawbone and a lasso made of his sister's hair to beat the sun into submission and lengthen the day. In another story, he uses a magic hook to fish out some islands in the Pacific Ocean. For 10 points, name this Polynesian folk hero.", "answer": "Maui [accept longer answers that include the name Maui]", "page": "Maui", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118636, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134552, "tokenizations": [[0, 206], [207, 292], [293, 484], [485, 628], [629, 714], [715, 761]], "first_sentence": "In the form of an eagle, this hero calls upon the god of rain for a torrent of water to escape from an angry fire goddess, from whom this hero earlier receives ten fingernails and toenails filled with fire.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A city in this state was the site of the 1909 Greek Town Riot. It's not Tennessee, but it secured large government-owned hydroelectric power plants thanks to its senator George W. Norris. A politician from this state resigned a Secretary of State to protest America's entry into World War I. Ignatius Donnelly wrote a political platform named after the largest city in this state for the (*) Populist Party. Settlers in this state argued over whether its capital should be north or south of the Platte. A famous politician from this state was the prosecutor in the Scopes \"monkey\" trial and gave the Cross of Gold speech. For 10 points, name this home state of William Jennings Bryan, whose most populous city inspired the codename of Omaha Beach.", "answer": "Nebraska", "page": "Nebraska", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118635, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134553, "tokenizations": [[0, 62], [63, 187], [188, 407], [408, 502], [503, 621], [622, 747]], "first_sentence": "A city in this state was the site of the 1909 Greek Town Riot.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Residents of this place remember the order of streets with the mnemonic \"Jesus Christ Made [this city] Under Protest\". Kris Kime was murdered during this city's 2001 Mardi Gras Riots in Pioneer Square. The multi-site Mars Hill megachurch in this city disbanded after controversies involving its pastor Mark Driscoll. This city's alternative newspaper The Stranger was the first to run an advice column by (*) Dan Savage. Near Elliott Bay, one can find this city's Pike Place Market. A famous landmark of this city houses SkyCity, a rotating restaurant 500 feet above ground. Frank Gehry designed this King County city's Experience Music Project, which houses musical paraphernalia from Jimi Hendrix and Nirvana. For 10 points, name this West Coast city home to the Space Needle.", "answer": "Seattle, Washington", "page": "Seattle", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118634, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134554, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 201], [202, 316], [317, 420], [421, 482], [483, 574], [575, 711], [712, 778]], "first_sentence": "Residents of this place remember the order of streets with the mnemonic \"Jesus Christ Made [this city] Under Protest\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "G. Evelyn Hutchinson formally defined these entities as n-dimensional hypervolumes. These entities are often plotted on bell-shaped utilization curves along a resource spectrum above variables like prey size. Joseph Connell's studies of barnacles on rocks documented the concept of the \"realized width\" of these entities. Natural selection assigns these entities to competing species in a process alternatively called (*) \"partitioning\" or \"differentiation.\" An example of animals \"constructing\" this kind of entity by altering the environment is beavers buildings dams. When different species eat the same prey, these entities overlap. For 10 points, name this ecological concept that describes the roles that organisms play in their habitats.", "answer": "ecological niches ", "page": "Ecological_niche", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118633, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134555, "tokenizations": [[0, 83], [84, 208], [209, 321], [322, 458], [459, 570], [571, 636], [637, 744]], "first_sentence": "G. Evelyn Hutchinson formally defined these entities as n-dimensional hypervolumes.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Jan Tinbergen developed a model for this phenomenon which uses an equation similar to the law of universal gravitation to predict its amount. Another model of this phenomenon assumes that labor is the only variable factor. Paul Samuelson outlined a modification to a model of this phenomenon that uses a 2x2x2 (2 by 2 by 2) model that allows for variances in both capital and labor. Paul Krugman was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in this area, which is described by the (*) Heckscher-Ohlin Model. The most basic model that claims every country should produce what it is best at was developed by David Ricardo and is called comparative advantage. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, which can be controlled by the application of tariffs, where two countries exchange goods and services.", "answer": "international trade", "page": "International_trade", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118632, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134556, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 222], [223, 382], [383, 503], [504, 652], [653, 793]], "first_sentence": "Jan Tinbergen developed a model for this phenomenon which uses an equation similar to the law of universal gravitation to predict its amount.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Due to material defects, this phenomenon gives the overall lower bound on losses in propagation in optical fibers. The original derivation of this effect failed to predict the Arago point and two other neutral points of zero polarization. The intensity of this phenomenon is proportional to wavenumber to the fourth power and varies inversely with the (*) sixth power of radius. Its cross-section is proportional to the sine- squared of the angle, which creates a polarization pattern that varies with azimuth. This effect, which occurs only if the wavelength is much larger than the particle diameter, does not impact the energy of the incident photon, unlike Raman scattering. For 10 points, name this form of elastic scattering which explains why the sky is blue.", "answer": "Rayleigh scattering [prompt on Mie scattering]", "page": "Rayleigh_scattering", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118631, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134557, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 238], [239, 378], [379, 510], [511, 678], [679, 766]], "first_sentence": "Due to material defects, this phenomenon gives the overall lower bound on losses in propagation in optical fibers.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author described an affable soldier with \"very flat and very fat\" feet marching through Normandy in \"Walter Schnaffs' Adventure.\" A woman created by this author is noted for her \"embonpoint\" and has fingers \"choked at the phalanges.\" A weak-willed man in a story by this man sleeps in a coat room while his wife dances at the Ministry of Education's ball. Morissot and Sauvage refuse to reveal a password and are shot by the (*) Prussians in his story \"Deux Amis\". The title prostitute of one of his stories, Elisabeth Rousset, helps her company by sleeping with a Prussian officer. In another of his stories, Madame Loisel borrows a piece of jewelry that turns out to be fake in another of his stories. For 10 points, name this author of \"Ball of Fat\" and \"The Necklace.\"", "answer": "Guy de Maupassant [or Henri Rene Albert Guy de Maupassant] ", "page": "Guy_de_Maupassant", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118630, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134558, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 237], [237, 360], [361, 469], [470, 587], [588, 708], [709, 777]], "first_sentence": "This author described an affable soldier with \"very flat and very fat\" feet marching through Normandy in \"Walter Schnaffs' Adventure.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Members of this profession were often buried in hollowed-out trees rather than the ground. A device called the ngoni was first used by these people. While kidnapped, a man in this profession found that a rival king was invulnerable unless shot with an arrow tipped by a white rooster's nail. These people were seen in green feathered costumes by traveler (*) ibn Battuta. One of these people named Balla Fasseke was at Kirina as his king defeated the Soso kingdom of Sumanguru. The Mandinka term for these people is used less often than a French term of unknown origin which may mean \"servant\" or \"one who shouts.\" For 10 points, name these people who preserved the Epic of Sundiata into the present day, the traditional oral historians and ritual musicians of West Africa.", "answer": "griots [or jeli; or jali; or gewel; prompt on poets; prompt on musicians; prompt on praise-singers; prompt on advisors]", "page": "Griot", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118628, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134560, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 148], [149, 291], [292, 371], [372, 477], [478, 613], [613, 773]], "first_sentence": "Members of this profession were often buried in hollowed-out trees rather than the ground.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "When Willard Phillips first read this poem out loud, Richard Henry Dana responded that \"no one on this side of the Atlantic is capable of writing such verses\". This poem describes how \"the rude swain turns with his share and treads upon\" the \"sluggish clod\". \"Patriarchs of the infant world\" \"and hoary seers of ages past\" will be joined by the addressee of this poem, who is told to \"lose thyself in the continuous woods where rolls the (*) Oregon\" and to \"pierce the Barcan wilderness\". This poem advises its addressee to \"go not like the quarry slave at night\" when joining \"the innumerable caravan\", but to go \"like one who . . . lies down to pleasant dreams.\" For 10 points, name this meditation on death written by William Cullen Bryant.", "answer": "\"Thanatopsis\"", "page": "Thanatopsis", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118627, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134561, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 260], [260, 488], [489, 633], [634, 663], [663, 743]], "first_sentence": "When Willard Phillips first read this poem out loud, Richard Henry Dana responded that \"no one on this side of the Atlantic is capable of writing such verses\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An artist from this country painted politicians of his time in spiritual form, leading the biblical beasts Behemoth and Leviathan into war. That artist also depicted a crouching, bearded figure holding out a gigantic compass from his sun-like perch in the sky in a watercolor. The first president of this nation's art academy advocated the Grand Style in his lectures and depicted an (*) actress seated between a figure holding a sword and another holding a cup. The Ancient of Days and Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse are paintings from this country. A monarch of this country stands beside his horse while \"at the hunt\" in a portrait by Anthony van Dyck. For 10 points, name this country home to William Blake and Joshua Reynolds.", "answer": "United Kingdom [or Great Britain; or England] ", "page": "United_Kingdom", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118626, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134562, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 276], [277, 462], [463, 552], [553, 657], [658, 733]], "first_sentence": "An artist from this country painted politicians of his time in spiritual form, leading the biblical beasts Behemoth and Leviathan into war.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A common cause of male infertility is the enlargement of a network of these structures, resulting in a \"bag of worms\" appearance. The longest of these structures, the great saphenous one, has an especially thick tunica adventitia. Surgical immobilization and long periods of sitting may predispose a patient to a problem in \"deep\" types of this structure. Enlarged and twisted examples of these structures are termed (*) \"varicose.\" The largest of these valved, vascular structures is the inferior vena cava, and the pulmonary one is one of the very few that are rich in oxygen. For 10 points, name these vessels that primarily carry deoxygenated blood to the heart, as opposed to arteries.", "answer": "veins [prompt on blood vessels]", "page": "Vein", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118625, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134563, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 230], [231, 355], [356, 432], [433, 578], [579, 690]], "first_sentence": "A common cause of male infertility is the enlargement of a network of these structures, resulting in a \"bag of worms\" appearance.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character who physically resembles, and is named for, a type of these creatures is pursued by the thieves Souris and Tigre and eventually kills an apparition at the urging of Corporal Lestrade. The fact that anything he puts in the water floats allows one of these creatures named Nala to construct a bridge. Another of these creatures is sent to retrieve an herb but comes back carrying an entire (*) mountain. A Derek Walcott play is titled for a \"dream\" on the \"mountain\" of these creatures, examples of which in another literary work include the commander Nila, the usurper Vali, and the king Sugriva, all of whom assist Rama. For 10 points, name these creatures, the most famous example of which in the Ramayana is Hanuman.", "answer": "monkeys [or monos; or vanaras; accept Makak or macaque; accept Dream on Monkey Mountain]", "page": "Monkey", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118624, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134564, "tokenizations": [[0, 195], [196, 310], [311, 413], [414, 632], [633, 730]], "first_sentence": "A character who physically resembles, and is named for, a type of these creatures is pursued by the thieves Souris and Tigre and eventually kills an apparition at the urging of Corporal Lestrade.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Fourteen letters which appear twenty-nine times in seemingly meaningless arrangements in this text are called the \"initials\" or \"isolated letters.\" Its repeated challenge to readers to produce merely ten chapters of a text like it is taken to be evidence for this book's inimitability. This text, which declares that there is \"no compulsion in religion,\" can be read in a month by dividing it into thirty equally-apportioned (*) juz. An expunged, supposedly anti-monotheistic portion of this book that references three pagan goddess is known as the Satanic Verses. Over a period of twenty-three years in a mountain cave, this text was revealed through the angel Gabriel. For 10 points, name this holy book divided into chapters called surahs, the key religious text of Islam.", "answer": "the Qur'an [or Koran]", "page": "Quran", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118623, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134565, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 285], [286, 433], [434, 564], [565, 670], [671, 775]], "first_sentence": "Fourteen letters which appear twenty-nine times in seemingly meaningless arrangements in this text are called the \"initials\" or \"isolated letters.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During this campaign, several soldiers committed suicide out of hunger, despite having plenty of watermelons and grain cakes to eat. At a battle in this campaign, a commander told his men that \"forty centuries look down upon you.\" Felicia Hemans's poem \"Casabianca\" dramatizes the explosion of the Orient during a battle in this campaign, which departed from Toulon after being reluctantly approved by the (*) Directory. Malta was captured on the way to its primary objective. Lord Nelson ambushed an anchored navy during this campaign at the Battle of Aboukir Bay. During this campaign, the soldier Pierre-Francois Bouchard discovered the Rosetta stone. For 10 points, name this 1798-1801 expedition, during which Napoleon's army lost the Battle of the Nile.", "answer": "French invasion of Egypt and Syria [or Napoleon's Egyptian invasion; or French invasion of Syria and Egypt; or Napoleon's Syrian invasion; accept any answer that indicates that Napoleon or France is attacking Egypt; accept any answer that indicates that Napoleon or France is attacking Syria] ", "page": "French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118622, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134566, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 230], [231, 420], [421, 476], [477, 565], [566, 654], [655, 759]], "first_sentence": "During this campaign, several soldiers committed suicide out of hunger, despite having plenty of watermelons and grain cakes to eat.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An old man in this novel says that the hardest things in life to deal with are \"muddles.\" This novel's protagonist earns the ire of the Alan sisters after failing to get them Cissie House, a summer home near Windy Corner. In this novel, the pseudonym \"Joseph Emery Prank\" is used by Eleanor Lavish, who takes away the protagonist's Baedeker before she enters the Santa Croce. This novel's protagonist breaks off an engagement to the snobbish (*) Cecil Vyse. At the beginning of this novel, the protagonist arrives in the Pension Bertolini in Florence with her cousin Charlotte Bartlett, and meets George Emerson while complaining about not being given the title accommodation. For 10 points, name this novel about Lucy Honeychurch by E.M. Forster.", "answer": "A Room with a View", "page": "A_Room_with_a_View", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118620, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134568, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [88, 221], [222, 375], [376, 457], [458, 676], [677, 747]], "first_sentence": "An old man in this novel says that the hardest things in life to deal with are \"muddles.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The fourth movement of this piece begins with low strings playing two bars of pianissimo tremolos on D, after which second violins introduce a B-flat minor staccato melody depicting raindrops. The second movement of this piece is an Andante molto moto written in 12/8 time using the subdominant key of B- flat major. This piece's last two movements, played without a pause, are a (*) \"Storm\" and a \"Shepherd's Song.\" Woodwind instruments imitate birdcall near the end of its second-movement \"Scene by the brook.\" This F major symphony begins with an \"Awakening of cheerful feelings upon arrival in the countryside.\" For 10 points, name this programmatic symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven named for its depiction of nature.", "answer": "Pastoral Symphony [or Beethoven's Sixth; or Pastoral Symphony after \"Beethoven\" is read; or Symphony No. 6 after \"Beethoven\" is read; or obvious equivalents]", "page": "Symphony_No._6_(Beethoven)", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118619, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134569, "tokenizations": [[0, 192], [193, 316], [317, 416], [417, 511], [511, 512], [513, 614], [614, 721]], "first_sentence": "The fourth movement of this piece begins with low strings playing two bars of pianissimo tremolos on D, after which second violins introduce a B-flat minor staccato melody depicting raindrops.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A winning commander in this war was boarded up to the point of near starvation in a temple to a deity of the Brazen House after being accused of collaborating with the losing side. The losing side of this war had planned to dig a canal across the isthmus of Mount Athos. A king in this war ordered the construction of two pontoon bridges to cross a body of water that he had (*) lashed for being uncooperative. Its first phase ended with the defeat of Datis and Artaphernes by Miltiades, and began soon after the Ionian Revolt was quashed. The winning side of this war formed the Delian League after winning the Battle of Plataea. For 10 points, name this series of wars in which the losing king Xerxes beat 300 Spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae.", "answer": "Greco-Persian Wars", "page": "Greco-Persian_Wars", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118618, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134570, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 270], [271, 376], [376, 410], [411, 539], [540, 630], [631, 750]], "first_sentence": "A winning commander in this war was boarded up to the point of near starvation in a temple to a deity of the Brazen House after being accused of collaborating with the losing side.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This theory inspired Rudolf Steiner's method of classifying children in the Waldorf educational system. A 1946 George Balanchine ballet with music by Paul Hindemith was inspired by this theory. Dyscrasia should be avoided according to this theory, whose basic concepts inform Robert Burton's encyclopedic treatise Anatomy of Melancholy. This theory inspired a play in which the servant Brainworm defies the orders of Old Kno'well, an early comedy by Ben (*) Jonson. A believer in this theory might assume that an excessively cheery, or \"sanguine,\" temperament results from vapors in the brain. For 10 points, name this now- discredited theory which attributed personality traits to a bodily imbalance between blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.", "answer": "theory of the four humors [or humorism; accept four classical temperaments before \"temperament\" and prompt afterwards; prompt on \"four classical elements\" or \"ancient Greek medicine\"]", "page": "Humorism", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118617, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134571, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 193], [194, 336], [337, 465], [466, 593], [594, 752]], "first_sentence": "This theory inspired Rudolf Steiner's method of classifying children in the Waldorf educational system.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Venetians under Enrico Contarini stole the body of Saint Nicholas late in this campaign. Despite sending reports about this campaign back to his wife Adela, Stephen, the Count of Blois deserted it. Count Emicho carried out a series of massacres of Jews in the Rhineland during this campaign. The Battle of Ascalon was the last engagement of this campaign, which was chronicled by (*) Anna Comnena in the Alexiad. Raymond IV of Toulouse and Godfrey of Bouillon led this campaign, which was preceded by an ill-fated adventure led by Peter the Hermit, and led to the creation of states headquartered at Edessa and Antioch. At the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II called for this campaign. For 10 points, name this 1096-99 military campaign which managed to capture Jerusalem.", "answer": "First Crusade [prompt on German Crusade; prompt on People's Crusade]", "page": "First_Crusade", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118616, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134572, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 197], [198, 291], [292, 412], [413, 619], [620, 687], [688, 774]], "first_sentence": "Venetians under Enrico Contarini stole the body of Saint Nicholas late in this campaign.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Programs written in Dart can be compiled to this other language. Cross-platform widgets are offered by the Dojo Toolkit, which is a library for this language. Google's V8 engine interprets this language. A framework for sending and receiving human-readable data was originally developed for this language and is called JSON (jay-sawn). Server-side applications written in this language can use the (*) Node framework. This dynamically typed language can be used to display an alert after attaching to the onClick event in an HTML link. For 10 points, name this scripting language often used in web browsers, not to be confused with a similarly named language developed by Sun Microsystems.", "answer": "JavaScript [or JS; do not accept or prompt on \"Java\"]", "page": "JavaScript", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118615, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134573, "tokenizations": [[0, 64], [65, 158], [159, 203], [204, 335], [336, 417], [418, 535], [536, 689]], "first_sentence": "Programs written in Dart can be compiled to this other language.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An author who claimed that \"imagination is the only weapon in\" these places wrote a novel partly titled for them in which Thomas gets a magic guitar from Robert Johnson. In a novel set in one of these locations called Turtle Mountain, Lipsha uses male and female goose hearts in an attempt to make a drug that will disrupt the love triangle between Marie, Lulu, and Nector. Abel stabs Juan Reyes to death after returning to one of these places in a novel by (*) N. Scott Momaday, while a novel titled after their \"blues\" follows includes characters from the collection The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven by Sherman Alexie. For 10 points, name these communities that include the setting of Louise Erdrich's Love Medicine, a novel about Ojibwa people.", "answer": "Indian reservations [or the rez; accept Reservation Blues]", "page": "Indian_reservation", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118614, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134574, "tokenizations": [[0, 169], [170, 373], [374, 633], [634, 760]], "first_sentence": "An author who claimed that \"imagination is the only weapon in\" these places wrote a novel partly titled for them in which Thomas gets a magic guitar from Robert Johnson.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Hundreds of tribal leaders in this country signed a treaty negotiated by Harold and Doreen Ingrams in 1937. Part of this country was ruled by Imam Yahya until his assassination during the coup of the al-Wazir family. The Zaydi religious minority in this country was ravaged by civil wars between the PDRY and the YAR. After being wounded by a (*) bomb during the Arab Spring, Ali Abd Allah Salih ceded power in this nation, which is coming under the control of the Houthis. An American citizen named Anwar al-Awlaki was killed in this country. In 2000, 17 sailors were killed in a suicide bombing of the USS Cole in one of this country's harbors. For 10 points, name this Middle Eastern country that was once invaded by its northern neighbor, Saudi Arabia.", "answer": "Yemen", "page": "Yemen", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118613, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134575, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 216], [217, 317], [318, 473], [474, 543], [544, 646], [647, 756]], "first_sentence": "Hundreds of tribal leaders in this country signed a treaty negotiated by Harold and Doreen Ingrams in 1937.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A novel by this author contains chapters describing \"the Massacre of the Coconut Isles\" and \"the Skirmish in Normandy.\" This author's recurring character G.H. Bondy sells thousands of free-energy- producing Karburators in one novel, and in another finances a pearl-fishing business involving the title creatures that is organized by Captain van Toch. A play by this man opens with a man dictating to his secretary (*) Sulla and later suddenly proposing to a representative of the League of Humanity. That play by this man ends with Alquist trying to recreate a formula burned by Helena and dubbing Primus and Helena the new Adam and Eve. For 10 points, name this author of The Absolute at Large and The War with the Newts, a Czech writer who introduced the term \"robot\" in R.U.R.", "answer": "Karel Capek [\"cha-peck\", but literal English readings are also acceptable]", "page": "Karel_\u010capek", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118612, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134576, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [118, 350], [351, 499], [500, 637], [638, 779]], "first_sentence": "A novel by this author contains chapters describing \"the Massacre of the Coconut Isles\" and \"the Skirmish in Normandy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man cooks a meal for forty people in a story that he narrates in which he is the only man to respond to a thrice-addressed plea for help. This man's letters and sermons are collected in the volume The Peak of Eloquence. This man tore down a door to use as a shield in a battle fought against the Jews of Khaybar Oasis, after which he was awarded the appellation \"Lion of God.\" The Kharijites (*) rejected this man's leadership, and assassinated him while he was praying in Kufah, ending the first Fitna. Though some consider this man the last of the four rightly-guided Caliphs, others think he is the first post-Muhammad Imam. For 10 points, name this son-in-law of Muhammad, whose importance is disputed by the Sunnis and Shia.", "answer": "Ali ibn Abi Talib [or al-Murtaza; or Amir Al-Mu'mineen; or Bab-e-Madinatul-ilm; or Murtadha; or Asadullah; or Haydar]", "page": "Ja'far_ibn_Abi_Talib", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118611, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134577, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 224], [225, 381], [382, 508], [509, 632], [633, 734]], "first_sentence": "This man cooks a meal for forty people in a story that he narrates in which he is the only man to respond to a thrice-addressed plea for help.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A group of protesters within this movement, infamous for covering paint spots on walls with graffiti of dwarves, is known as the Orange Alternative. This movement distributed the banned text Theses on Hope and Hopelessness, and grew out of a precursor called the KOR. This movement was reluctantly granted legal status by First Secretary of the PUWP, Edward Gierek. By engaging in the (*) Round Table Talks, this movement secured free elections in 1989 after the resignation of Wojciech Jaruzelski (VOI-check YA-ru-zelski). This movement was impelled by the first papal trip taken by John Paul II to his home country, and it was led by a former electrician at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk. For 10 points, name this anti-Communist trade union led by Lech Walesa in Poland.", "answer": "Solidarity [or Solidarnosc; or Independent Self-governing Trade Union \"Solidarity\"; or Niezalezny Samorzadny Zwiazek Zawodowy \"Solidarnosc\"] ", "page": "Solidarity", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118610, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134578, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 267], [268, 365], [366, 523], [524, 689], [690, 771]], "first_sentence": "A group of protesters within this movement, infamous for covering paint spots on walls with graffiti of dwarves, is known as the Orange Alternative.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel proclaims that \"all human history moves toward one great goal\" at the exactmoment that a literal goal is scored in a nearby hockey game. A man tries to fend off the rotting ghost of his mother with a walking stick, only to destroy a chandelier, in a nightmarish chapter from this novel written as a play script. A long roman candle explodes in the sky at the end of a scene in which the protagonist spies on (*) Gertie MacDowell in this book's thirteenth chapter, \"Nausicaa.\" The concert manager Blazes Boylan has an affair with the wife of this novel's protagonist, who continually crosses paths with Stephen Dedalus throughout his sojourns in Dublin. For 10 points, name this modernist novel about Leopold Bloom, written by James Joyce.", "answer": "Ulysses", "page": "Ulysses_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118588, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134579, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 337], [338, 437], [438, 500], [500, 678], [679, 764]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel proclaims that \"all human history moves toward one great goal\" at the exactmoment that a literal goal is scored in a nearby hockey game.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Committee of 25 was an influential group of businessmen in this city that engineered thecampaign of Norris Poulson for mayor. Harrison Gray Otis founded the Merchants and ManufacturersAssociation to keep unions out of this city and published its major newspaper. He was succeeded aspublisher by Harry Chandler, and together Otis and Chandler bought up land surrounding this city while another friend bought water rights in the (*) Owens Valley. Buildings in Chavez Ravine were razed initially for public housing here, but the land was sold to Walter O'Malley to build a stadium instead. William Mulholland oversaw the construction of an aqueduct through the San Fernando Valley to this city where the Brooklyn Dodgers moved in 1958. For 10 points, name this largest city in California. ", "answer": "Los Angeles, California [or L.A., California] ", "page": "Los_Angeles", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118587, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134580, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 266], [267, 448], [449, 590], [591, 736], [737, 789]], "first_sentence": "The Committee of 25 was an influential group of businessmen in this city that engineered thecampaign of Norris Poulson for mayor.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart piece in this genre suddenly interrupts the rondo finale with songlikeminuet in the subdominant key of A-flat major. Mozart also wrote an A major piece in this genre whose second-movement Adagio in F-sharp minor is the only movement that Mozart ever wrote in that key. Mozart's C major twenty-first piece in this genre includes an F major Andante used prominently in the film (*) Elvira Madigan. A piece in this genre by Beethoven opens with three tutti chords from the orchestra, each followed by a brief cadenza from the soloist. That piece in E-flat major is his fifth and final piece is this genre, nicknamed Emperor. For 10 points, name these pieces for a keyboard soloist with orchestral accompaniment.", "answer": " piano concertos [or piano concerti; prompt on concertos; prompt on concerti]", "page": "Piano_concerto", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118586, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134581, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 294], [295, 421], [422, 557], [558, 647], [648, 734]], "first_sentence": "A Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart piece in this genre suddenly interrupts the rondo finale with songlikeminuet in the subdominant key of A-flat major.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "W.T. Yasso studied the half-hearted and crenulate shaped type of these structures, which resembles the logarithmic spiral shape. Plants that grow at these locations include Honckenya peploides and thegrassleaf orache. The namesake \"cusps\" of these locations are marked alternating paths of horns andembayments. The sediment of these locations is refilled through \"nourishment\", and one can construct a revetment to reverse the loss of materials via (*) longshore drift at these locations. Sediment in these places is modified by standing waves, and water called swash weathers the rocks at them, including pebbles. For 10 points, name these locations along the coast which contain shoals and sand.", "answer": "beaches [or seashores, lakeshores, or shorelines until \"longshore drift\" is read; prompt on coasts or seasides] ", "page": "Beach", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118585, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134582, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 217], [218, 310], [311, 488], [489, 614], [615, 697]], "first_sentence": "W.T. Yasso studied the half-hearted and crenulate shaped type of these structures, which resembles the logarithmic spiral shape.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "It didn't happen in 1948, but newspapers during this election prematurely announced the victory in the Wisconsin primary of former basketball player Mo Udall. Frank Church and Jerry Brown led a movement called \"anyone but\" this election's winner. The loser of this election blundered by claiming that \"there is no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe,\" overshadowing his opponent's admission in a (*) Playboy interview that he committed adultery in his heart. This election marked the last time that a Democrat won all the states in the Deep South. The incumbent going into this election, who never recovered from an unpopular pardon, lost to a dark horse candidate from Georgia. For 10 points, name this election which led to Jimmy Carter becoming president.", "answer": "United States Presidential Election of 1976 [prompt on 76] ", "page": "United_States_presidential_election,_1976", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118584, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134583, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 246], [247, 458], [459, 547], [548, 678], [679, 758]], "first_sentence": "It didn't happen in 1948, but newspapers during this election prematurely announced the victory in the Wisconsin primary of former basketball player Mo Udall.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel joins a protest in Cambodia as part of his desire to be part of the Grand March of History. Its protagonist works as a window cleaner after twice refusing to retract an article he wrote about guilt, and repeatedly contemplates the German proverb \"einmal ist keinmal\" and the Beethoven quote \"Es muss sein\". Another character in this novel is a painter who declares a \"war on kitsch\" and wears her (*) grandfather's bowler hat while having sex. The protagonist's son Simon arranges his funeral after he dies in a car accident in this novel, in which the professor Franz has an affair with Sabina, who also sleeps with the protagonist. For 10 points, name this novel about Tereza and her womanizing husband Tomas, written by Milan Kundera.", "answer": "The Unbearable Lightness of Being [or Nesnesiteln\u00c3\u00a1 lehkost byt\u00c3\u00ad] ", "page": "The_Unbearable_Lightness_of_Being", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118583, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134584, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 332], [333, 469], [470, 659], [660, 763]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel joins a protest in Cambodia as part of his desire to be part of the Grand March of History.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During the reign of Augustus and Tiberius, many of these objects were produced at Lugdunum.Participants in the Bar Kokhba revolt used a file to remove the original designs of these objects. Caracalla commissioned the antonianus type of these objects. Under Constantine, the solidus type of these objects was often replaced with the pecunia type. Standardization and reform of these objects was carried out by (*) Diocletian, who issued an edict that was heavily based on one of these objects called the denarius. The term for the study of these objects is derived from the Latin word numismatis. These objects, whose aureus type was made of gold, often contained a profile portrait of the emperor on the obverse. For 10 points, name these units of Roman currency.", "answer": "Roman coins [or Roman coinage; accept antonianus before mentioned; accept solidus before mentioned; accept pecunia before mentioned; accept denarius before mentioned; accept aureus before mentioned] ", "page": "Roman_currency", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118582, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134585, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [91, 189], [190, 250], [251, 345], [346, 512], [513, 595], [596, 712], [713, 763]], "first_sentence": "During the reign of Augustus and Tiberius, many of these objects were produced at Lugdunum.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Joan (HWAN) Gardy Artigas tiled a twenty-two meter-tall sculpture with a vulva-shaped opening ofone of these non-human animals, which overlooks the Joan (HWAN) Mir\u00c3\u00b3 park in Barcelona. For thefront steps of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Jacques Lipchitz sculpted one of these animals beingstrangled. Several sculptures of these animals never made it to a 1926 exhibition at the Brummer Gallery, curated by Marcel Duchamp. In seven marble and nine bronze sculptures of these animals, their creator reduced their (*) anatomical features to a simple slanted oval plane. Those sculptures of these animals by a Romanian were taxed by U.S. Customs officials who refused to believe they were art. For 10 points, name these animals depicted \"in space\" in a series by Constantin Brancusi.", "answer": " birds [or Aves; accept vultures; accept condors; accept Accipitridae; accept Cathartidae; accept Bird in Space]", "page": "Bird", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118581, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134586, "tokenizations": [[0, 159], [160, 184], [185, 301], [302, 423], [424, 568], [569, 691], [692, 781]], "first_sentence": "Joan (HWAN) Gardy Artigas tiled a twenty-two meter-tall sculpture with a vulva-shaped opening ofone of these non-human animals, which overlooks the Joan (HWAN)", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In 2012, this city completed work on a 58-story glass skyscraper with a roughly macaroni-shapedfootprint called The Bow, which was designed by Norman Foster's firm. The 201 Red Line and 202 Blue Line, which make up this city's light-rail system, share a west-to-east track just north of this non-U.S. city's central Beltline neighborhood. In 2013, floods in this city caused the Bow and Elbow rivers to burst their banks. The southwesternmost (*) riding in this city is represented by Stephen Harper in the House of Commons. This city, about an hour and a half east of Banff National Park, is served by an airport with the code YYC and hosts an annual rodeo called the Stampede. For 10 points, name this city south of Edmonton, the most populous in Alberta. ", "answer": "Calgary, Alberta", "page": "Calgary", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118580, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134587, "tokenizations": [[0, 164], [165, 338], [339, 421], [422, 524], [525, 678], [679, 757]], "first_sentence": "In 2012, this city completed work on a 58-story glass skyscraper with a roughly macaroni-shapedfootprint called The Bow, which was designed by Norman Foster's firm.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The LUBILOSA program sought to control these organisms with an isolate from Metarhizium funguscalled \"Green Muscle.\" A characteristic behavior of these animals results from a phase polymorphism in which serotonin accumulates in their brains, causing gregariousness. These animals return to Umuofia for the first time in many years in Things Fall Apart, allowing villagers to (*) catch them and roast them in clay pots. In a novel partly named for this arthropod, Tod Hackett falls in love with the starlet Faye Greener; that novel by Nathanael West is set in Hollywood. In the film Days of Heaven, these insects destroy the farmer's wheat field. For 10 points, name these insects, a phase of many short-horned grasshoppers, that form swarms.", "answer": " locusts [prompt on grasshoppers or Caelifera; prompt on Acrididae] ", "page": "Locust", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118579, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134588, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 265], [266, 418], [419, 569], [570, 645], [646, 741]], "first_sentence": "The LUBILOSA program sought to control these organisms with an isolate from Metarhizium funguscalled \"Green Muscle.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The mother of all of these animals is often pictured on posters with mountains making up her legs and gods making up her eyes and shoulders.The earth-goddess Prithvi, who worked with Prithu to overcome a famine, took this animal form. These animals are washed and decorated in temples on the eighth day of the month of Kartika, a holiday known as Gopastami. The (*) excrement of these animals is used as a fuel in many pujas, and is one of this animal's \"five products,\" along with ghee. A white, male example of these animals is the mount of Shiva and is named Nandi. The Law of Manu, Rig Veda, and Mahabharata all prohibit killing this animal. For 10 points, name these animals that are sacred in Hinduism.", "answer": " cows [or bulls; or cattle; or Bos taurus] ", "page": "Cattle", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118578, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134589, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [140, 234], [235, 357], [358, 487], [488, 568], [569, 645], [646, 708]], "first_sentence": "The mother of all of these animals is often pictured on posters with mountains making up her legs and gods making up her eyes and shoulders.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This species is disproportionated by reacting with sodium hydroxide in the Hooker process. In theclassic example of the reactivity-selectivity principle, this molecule abstracts any hydrogen from ahydrocarbon. Addition of this species to carbon monoxide makes phosgene. This oxidizing agent forms when acid reacts with bleach. Homolytic bond cleavage of this molecule is the first step in the Born-Haber cycle for (*) table salt. It forms at the anode when brine is electrolyzed. Before Zyklon B and mustard gas, Fritz Haber weaponized this molecule for the Germans in World War I. For 10 points, name this molecule which is added to water to sterilize it, a diatomic yellow poisonous gas composed of the second halogen. ", "answer": "chlorine gas [or Cl2 ] ", "page": "Chlorine", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118577, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134590, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 209], [210, 269], [270, 326], [327, 429], [430, 479], [480, 581], [582, 720]], "first_sentence": "This species is disproportionated by reacting with sodium hydroxide in the Hooker process.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A work by this man claims that \"life is a self-evolving\" one of the title things, of which the horizon isthe second and the eye the first. This author examined \"essences unchanged by man\" that make up the \"NOT ME\" in an eight-part essay, and criticized \"faith that stands on authority\" in an essay about a concept \"within which every man's particular being is contained.\" He wrote a passage in which \"all mean egotism vanishes\" as the speaker becomes like a (*) \"transparent eyeball\". In another essay, he asserted that \"a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds\" and urged the reader to \"trust thyself\". For 10 points, name this author of \"Circles\", \"The Over-Soul\", and \"Self-Reliance\", whose essay \"Nature\" outlines the foundations of Transcendentalism.", "answer": "Ralph Waldo Emerson", "page": "Ralph_Waldo_Emerson", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118576, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134591, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 371], [372, 484], [485, 617], [618, 769]], "first_sentence": "A work by this man claims that \"life is a self-evolving\" one of the title things, of which the horizon isthe second and the eye the first.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The relative energy shift in the Kundig experiment is proportional to this quantity squared for theabsorber. This quantity was sinusoidally varied by a loudspeaker for the radiation source in the PoundRebka experiment. For a galaxy, the total value for this quantity equals its \"peculiar\" form plus H-nought times distance. This quantity multiplies the cosine of the angle between the emitter and receiver in a (*) transverse effect predicted by special relativity. The change in frequency equals the emitted frequency times a ratio of this quantity. If the radial form of this quantity is increasing, then a redshift is seen. For 10 points, name this quantity which causes a Doppler shift if it's different for the source and emitter, and equals the product of wavelength and frequency of a wave.", "answer": " wave velocity [or source velocity; or radial velocity; or speed] ", "page": "Radial_velocity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118575, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134592, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 218], [219, 323], [324, 465], [466, 550], [551, 626], [627, 797]], "first_sentence": "The relative energy shift in the Kundig experiment is proportional to this quantity squared for theabsorber.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a book about this thinker, Edmund Leach criticized him for obscurantism and for spending only afew weeks at each field site. This thinker applied \"normal-transformed\" and \"culture-nature\" axes to a construct that was modeled on Roman Jakobson's primary vowel-consonant triangle. That construct is the culinary triangle. He noted that trickster gods tend to play a mediating role as part of his analysis of (*) mythemes. This anthropologist rejected the distinction between totemism and caste in a work that described the title entity as one that builds with the materials at its disposal, a bricoleur. For 10 points, name this French structural anthropologist who included The Raw and the Cooked in Mythologiques and wrote The Savage Mind.", "answer": "Claude L\u00c3\u00a9vi-Strauss ", "page": "Claude_L\u00e9vi-Strauss", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118574, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134593, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 281], [282, 322], [323, 422], [423, 604], [605, 742]], "first_sentence": "In a book about this thinker, Edmund Leach criticized him for obscurantism and for spending only afew weeks at each field site.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Stucco sculptures by Antonio Raggi and Leonardo Retti are interspersed with a painting covering one of these things titled The Triumph of the Sacred Name of Jesus by Giovanni Battista Gaulli. Andrea Pozzo's Baroque masterpiece The Glory of St. Ignatius Loyola and the Missionary Work of the Jesuits covers one of these things. In a trompe-l'oeil (tromp-leh-ee) painting covering one of these places, putti (POO-tee) stand around a (*) circular opening; that painting was executed by Andrea Mantegna for the Camera degli (DAYyee) Sposi. A painting that covers one of these places contains an image of the title figure joining his index finger to that of God. For 10 points, name these parts of a room, one of which features Michelangelo's The Creation of Adam and is located in the Sistine Chapel. ", "answer": " ceiling [or dome or nave; prompt on room or church or chapel] ", "page": "Ceiling", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118573, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134594, "tokenizations": [[0, 191], [192, 326], [327, 535], [536, 657], [658, 796]], "first_sentence": "Stucco sculptures by Antonio Raggi and Leonardo Retti are interspersed with a painting covering one of these things titled The Triumph of the Sacred Name of Jesus by Giovanni Battista Gaulli.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One pathogen affecting these non-feline organisms is the Friend virus, a serotype of a namesakeleukemia virus. A type of this organism with defective myelin is called its \"shiverer\" strain. The BALB/cstrain of these animals is frequently used to create monoclonal antibodies. Behavior known as barbering is often observed in females of this species, who will remove vibrissae and hair from subordinates. The 2007 Nobel Prize was awarded to the researchers who developed this animal's (*) knockout type. An albino strain of this creature's Mus musculus species is a common model organism in labs. The \"house\" type of this mammal is a common pest. For 10 points, name these small murine rodents related to rats.", "answer": "mouse [or house mouse; or Mus musculus or M. musculus before they are read] ", "page": "Mouse", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118572, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134595, "tokenizations": [[0, 110], [111, 189], [190, 275], [276, 403], [404, 502], [503, 595], [596, 645], [646, 709]], "first_sentence": "One pathogen affecting these non-feline organisms is the Friend virus, a serotype of a namesakeleukemia virus.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel loses the right to marry a farmer's daughter when the farmer realizes he eats more than his work is worth, and is commonly referred to as \"the idiot\". One of its characters is tricked into wearing a headband that can be tightened at will by another character. In a scene from this novel, the protagonist urinates on one of five huge pink pillars, only to learn that he's on a giant (*) hand. Supporting characters in this novel include a man who transforms into a monster, haunting a river after smashing a crystal goblet, and the lecherous wielder of the nine-toothed iron rake, respectively known as Sandy and Pigsy. For 10 points, name this classical Chinese novel in which Xuanzang (shoo-wen-zahng) is accompanied by Sun Wukong, the Monkey King, on a trip to India.", "answer": " Journey to the West [or Xi You Ji; or Hsi-yu Chi", "page": "Journey_to_the_West", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118571, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134596, "tokenizations": [[0, 176], [177, 285], [286, 417], [418, 644], [645, 795]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel loses the right to marry a farmer's daughter when the farmer realizes he eats more than his work is worth, and is commonly referred to as \"the idiot\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A material demonstrating this phenomenon appears to decrease in weight in a Gouy balance. Anelectron in 2D orbit around a nucleus demonstrates this phenomenon due to Larmor precession, with a magnitude proportional to the radius squared over six times the mass. This phenomenon explains the strong downfield shift of aromatic compounds' ring currents in proton NMR. A normal conductor cooled into superconducting state displays the (*) perfect form of this phenomenon, with a susceptibility of negative one. This phenomenon occurs if all electrons in a material are paired. This behavior could be used to accomplish levitation because it causes materials to repel all B fields. For 10 points, name this type of magnetism contrasted with paramagnetism and ferromagnetism.", "answer": "diamagnetism", "page": "Diamagnetism", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118570, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134597, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 261], [262, 365], [366, 507], [508, 573], [574, 677], [678, 770]], "first_sentence": "A material demonstrating this phenomenon appears to decrease in weight in a Gouy balance.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The second movement of this composer's piano concerto is an \"Intermezzo: Andantino Grazioso\"which transitions directly into the finale after a return of a theme from the \"Allegro affetuoso\" firstmovement. A song cycle by this composer ends with the speaker planning to put all his old bitter songs into a coffin. He composed two Liederkreis as well as (*) Dichterliebe in 1840, which is known as his \"Year of Song.\" Like Grieg, this composer's only piano concerto is in A minor, and his Symphony No. 3 was apocryphally inspired by a viewing of Cologne Cathedral. For 10 points, name this German composer of Scenes from Childhood, Carnaval, and the Rhenish Symphony, who wrote his piano concerto for his wife Clara.", "answer": "Robert Schumann", "page": "Robert_Schumann", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118569, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134598, "tokenizations": [[0, 204], [205, 312], [313, 355], [356, 415], [416, 562], [563, 714]], "first_sentence": "The second movement of this composer's piano concerto is an \"Intermezzo: Andantino Grazioso\"which transitions directly into the finale after a return of a theme from the \"Allegro affetuoso\" firstmovement.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man expressed a desire to \"unsphere / the spirit of Plato to unfold / what worlds or what vastregions hold / the immortal mind\" in a poem that features invocations of Saturn, Vesta, and Urania. He declares \"Mirth, with thee I mean to live\" at the end of one poem, while in that poem's companion, he dismissed \"vain deluding joys\" in favor of \"divinest Melancholy\". In a non-fiction work, this man asserted that \"he who destroys a good (*) book, kills reason itself.\" He coined the phrase \"they also serve who only stand and wait\" in a sonnet that begins with the line \"When I consider how my light is spent\" and reflects on his blindness. For 10 points, name this author of \"L'Allegro\" and \"Il Penseroso\", as well as Areopagitica and the epic poem Paradise Lost.", "answer": " John Milton", "page": "John_Milton", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118568, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134599, "tokenizations": [[0, 198], [199, 369], [370, 471], [472, 643], [644, 767]], "first_sentence": "This man expressed a desire to \"unsphere / the spirit of Plato to unfold / what worlds or what vastregions hold / the immortal mind\" in a poem that features invocations of Saturn, Vesta, and Urania.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A leader of this country killed thousands of supporters of Imam al-Hadi by bombing Aba Island, andexecuted a scholar who advocated \"the second message of Islam,\" Mahmoud Taha. This country'sopposition Umma Party developed from its Ansar movement, which reveres a 19th-century religiousfigure. John Garang founded this country's People's Liberation Army in response to Jaafar Nimeiri'simposition of (*) sharia law. A 2005 \"Comprehensive Peace Agreement\" ended this country's second civil war, and led to a referendum that created a state led by Salva Kiir. The International Criminal Court indicted this country's president, Omar al-Bashir, for his role in the Darfur conflict. For 10 points, name this African country whose south seceded in 2011.", "answer": "Republic of the Sudan [or Jumhuriyat as-Sudan] ", "page": "Sudan", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118567, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134600, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 292], [293, 413], [414, 555], [556, 676], [677, 746]], "first_sentence": "A leader of this country killed thousands of supporters of Imam al-Hadi by bombing Aba Island, andexecuted a scholar who advocated \"the second message of Islam,\" Mahmoud Taha.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man promoted the use of his family's heraldic crest, consisting of grey wolves flanking a cookingpot. This man traced the turning point in his life to when he read a book by Ludolph of Saxony in his family's meager library. That happened while this man recovered from a botched surgery after suffering a leg wound at the siege of Pamplona. This man advocated going on a month-long secular retreat while reading his book of (*) prayers and meditations, and penned a set of Constitutions excluding female participation in his order and making his disciples swear allegiance to the Pope. Francis Xavier continued this man's work by leading missions into Asia. For 10 points, name this author of Spiritual Exercises, the founder of the Jesuits.", "answer": " Saint Ignatius of Loyola [accept either underlined part; or Ignacio de Loyola] ", "page": "Ignatius_of_Loyola", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118566, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134601, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 228], [229, 344], [345, 589], [590, 661], [662, 745]], "first_sentence": "This man promoted the use of his family's heraldic crest, consisting of grey wolves flanking a cookingpot.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man terrorizes the island of Paros until its inhabitants agree to hand over two grandsons of Minos to serve as his companions. This man bursts out of the shackles placed upon him by Busiris, an Egyptian king who sacrifices all visitors to his realm. This man is cheated out of one-tenth of the cattle promised to him by a king whom he deposes and replaces with Phyleus. This man gets his toe pinched by a crab during a fight in which he tells his (*) nephew Iolaus use a torch to cauterize several stumps. In another adventure, this man diverts two rivers. To atone for murdering his own family, this man helps a king who hides in a bronze jar, Eurystheus, by cleaning the Augean stables and killing the Hydra. For 10 points, name this Greek hero who completes Twelve Labors.", "answer": " Heracles [or Hercules]", "page": "Heracles", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118565, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134602, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 254], [255, 374], [375, 510], [511, 561], [562, 715], [716, 780]], "first_sentence": "This man terrorizes the island of Paros until its inhabitants agree to hand over two grandsons of Minos to serve as his companions.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel religiously watches the Luxembourg Gardens, hoping to see his beloved \"lark\", whom he calls Ursula. A boy in this novel unknowingly brings his infant brothers to live with him in a giant plaster elephant. This novel's villain is bribed to move with his daughter Azelma to America and become a slave trader. A street gang in this novel is known by the name (*) Patron-Minette. In the first section of this book, a man is turned away from inns because of his yellow passport but is given shelter by Bishop Myriel, from whom he steals some silver. This novel's protagonist carries a body through the sewers, a deed which Thernardier eventually reveals to Marius. For 10 points, name this Victor Hugo novel about Jean Valjean.", "answer": "Les Miserables [or The Dispossessed; or The Miserable Ones; or The Poor Ones; or The Wretched Ones; prompt on \"Les Mis\"]", "page": "Les_Mis\u00e9rables", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118559, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134607, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 230], [231, 332], [333, 401], [402, 570], [571, 685], [686, 748]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel religiously watches the Luxembourg Gardens, hoping to see his beloved \"lark\", whom he calls Ursula.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Researchers from the Royal Institute of Technology from Stockholm developed a type of this technique detecting the release of the anion pyrophosphate. The SOLiD and ion torrent types of this technique are grouped together as the \"next-generation\" methods, which supplanted an older version of this technique using phosphorus-32-labelled ATP, developed by Maxam and Gilbert. Multiple overlapping reads are combined into contigs in a (*) piecemeal type of this process. Chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides, or ddNTPs, are selectively incorporated in a type of this process named for a British biochemist. For 10 points, name these techniques, such as the \"shotgun\" and \"Sanger\" types, that determine the order of nucleotides in a molecule of DNA.", "answer": "DNA sequencing [or word forms; accept pyrosequencing; accept Maxam-Gilbert sequencing; accept Sanger sequencing; accept dideoxy method; accept shotgun sequencing]", "page": "DNA_sequencing", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118272, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134785, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 373], [374, 467], [468, 603], [604, 745]], "first_sentence": "Researchers from the Royal Institute of Technology from Stockholm developed a type of this technique detecting the release of the anion pyrophosphate.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "John Anthony \"Shorty\" Powers was a spokesperson on behalf of several members of this profession. A politician who retired from this profession was unable to campaign for senator against Stephen M. Young because he suffered a concussion from hitting his head on a bathtub. The Rogers Commission investigated the death of seven people in this profession, who were eulogized in a speech stating that they \"touched the (*) face of God.\" Wally Schirra was one of the seven men in this profession profiled in Tom Wolfe's The Right Stuff. Several O-rings around boosters failed and killed seven people in this occupation, including the former schoolteacher Christa MacAuliffe, in the 1986 Challenger disaster. For 10 points, name this profession of John Glenn and Neil Armstrong.", "answer": "astronauts [accept payload specialists; prompt on test pilot; prompt on NASA personnel or related answers; prompt on engineers]", "page": "Astronaut", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118271, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134786, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 271], [272, 432], [433, 531], [532, 702], [703, 772]], "first_sentence": "John Anthony \"Shorty\" Powers was a spokesperson on behalf of several members of this profession.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a novel set in this country, a blue-painted thief escapes from prison and later helps Patrick Lewis blow up a filtration plant. An author from this country wrote a novel whose protagonist moves to Slocan with the title character and her uncle Isamu after her mother is disfigured in the bombing of Nagasaki. This country is the setting of In the Skin of a Lion, whose characters Caravaggio and Hana reappear in a novel whose title character reminisces about (*) Katherine Clifton. A Sri Lankan author who lives in this country wrote a novel about the burned Count Laszlo de Almasy that won its Governor General's Award. For 10 points, name this country home to the author of Obasan, Joy Kogawa, and The English Patient author Michael Ondaatje, both of whom live in Toronto.", "answer": "Canada", "page": "Canada", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118270, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134787, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 310], [311, 341], [342, 483], [484, 622], [623, 776]], "first_sentence": "In a novel set in this country, a blue-painted thief escapes from prison and later helps Patrick Lewis blow up a filtration plant.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Yehudi Menuhin performed a duet with one performer of this instrument at the 1966 Bath Musical Festival and recorded the album West Meets East with him. Da, ra, and dir are among the strokes one can make on this instrument using a mizraab, and a technique called meend is used to bend pitches on it. This instrument has three or four melody strings, three drone strings called (*) chikari, and eleven to thirteen sympathetic strings called taraf tuned in accordance with the raga being played. George Harrison's lessons from a virtuoso of this instrument led him to use it in songs like \"Norwegian Wood.\" For 10 points, name this plucked Hindustani instrument played by Vilayat Khan and Ravi Shankar.", "answer": "sitar", "page": "Sitar", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118269, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134788, "tokenizations": [[0, 152], [153, 299], [300, 493], [494, 604], [605, 700]], "first_sentence": "Yehudi Menuhin performed a duet with one performer of this instrument at the 1966 Bath Musical Festival and recorded the album West Meets East with him.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A comment by society hostess Francis Anne Crewe that this man's ministry would be over soon after Christmas led it to be called the \"mince-pie administration.\" This man appointed Thomas Townshend, the 1st Viscount Sydney president of his newly-created Board of Control for the East India Company. He returned to office after his successor Henry Addington signed the unpopular Peace of Amiens. This man (*) suspended habeas corpus for seven years and presided over the formal establishment of the United Kingdom. After this man's death, Lord Grenville set up the Ministry of All the Talents. This man was prime minister during both the French Revolution and the early Napoleonic Wars. For 10 points, name this British Prime Minister, the son of an earlier Prime Minister.", "answer": "William Pitt the Younger [prompt on William Pitt]", "page": "William_Pitt_the_Younger", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118268, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134789, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [158, 296], [297, 392], [393, 511], [512, 590], [591, 683], [684, 770]], "first_sentence": "A comment by society hostess Francis Anne Crewe that this man's ministry would be over soon after Christmas led it to be called the \"mince-pie administration.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Late in this poem, a man \"'Brushing with hasty steps the dews away / 'To meet the sun upon the upland lawn\" is described by the \"hoary-headed swain\" who narrates five of its final stanzas. The speaker of this poem describes how \"uncouth rhymes\" and \"shapeless sculpture\" bedeck objects that also bear names and years \"spelt by the unlettered muse\". It also imagines how \"Chill penury\" repressed the \"noble rage\" of a \"heart once pregnant with (*) celestial fire\". This poem's speaker imagines a \"Cromwell guiltless of his country's blood\" or a \"mute inglorious Milton\" inhabiting this poem's title location, from which a ploughman \"plods his weary way\" as \"the curfew tolls the knell of parting day\". For 10 points, name this meditation on death, an elegy by Thomas Gray.", "answer": "\"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard\"", "page": "Elegy_Written_in_a_Country_Churchyard", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118267, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134790, "tokenizations": [[0, 70], [70, 188], [189, 348], [349, 463], [464, 700], [701, 771]], "first_sentence": "Late in this poem, a man \"'Brushing with hasty steps the dews away / '", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A blue-covered book on this topic ends with a particularly-phrased account of the creation narrative and was written by George Demeter. Texts on this subject by Arthur Beauchesne (boo-shen) and John George Bourinot (bor-ih-noe) are used in Canada. The most authoritative text on this topic in the U.K. is by Thomas Erskine May. One version of this topic substitutes \"moving the previous question\" with (*) \"cloture\". Texts on this topic stress protecting the right of the minority to be heard while allowing the majority to make decisions and outline the ways people can bring motions. The most common American text on this subject is Robert's Rules of Order. For 10 points, give the term for the set of customs used in the operation of a deliberative assembly, such as a meeting or a legislature.", "answer": "parliamentary procedure [or parliamentary law; or parliamentary practice; accept legislative procedure until \"legislature\" is read; accept rules of order until \"rules\" is read]", "page": "Parliamentary_procedure", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118266, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134791, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 247], [248, 327], [328, 416], [417, 585], [586, 659], [660, 797]], "first_sentence": "A blue-covered book on this topic ends with a particularly-phrased account of the creation narrative and was written by George Demeter.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this artist's recurring symbols was inspired by a childhood incident in which he witnessed a dead bat being devoured. In one of his paintings, fingers protrude from the earth while holding a cracked egg from which a flower grows, although the crack also appears to be the flower's shadow. This painter of The (*) Metamorphosis of Narcissus often used ants to symbolize decay, and he included a small portrait of his wife Gala in The Hallucinogenic Toreador. He also painted \"The Disintegration of\" an earlier painting, which he claimed was inspired by Camembert cheese and not Einstein's theory of relativity. For 10 points, name this Catalan surrealist who painted melting clocks in The Persistence of Memory.", "answer": "Salvador Dali\u0301", "page": "Salvador_Dal\u00ed", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118265, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134792, "tokenizations": [[0, 124], [125, 295], [296, 464], [465, 616], [617, 717]], "first_sentence": "One of this artist's recurring symbols was inspired by a childhood incident in which he witnessed a dead bat being devoured.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel dies shortly after learning of the death of his favorite daughter Una. Another of its characters becomes rich selling beans in an effort motivated by his father's failure in a refrigerated lettuce-shipping venture. In this novel, the cook Lee tells a story about his Chinese relatives learning Hebrew to study the Bible, during which they discover that the word (*) timshel translates as \"thou mayest\". Samuel Hamilton attempts to help the protagonist of this novel, whose antagonist poisons the madame Faye and takes over a brothel after abandoning her family, including her sons Cal and Aron. Its protagonist marries the villainous Cathy Ames before moving to the Salinas Valley. For 10 points, name this novel about Adam Trask, by John Steinbeck.", "answer": "East of Eden", "page": "East_of_Eden_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118264, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134793, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 240], [241, 428], [429, 620], [621, 707], [708, 775]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel dies shortly after learning of the death of his favorite daughter Una.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the Levins metapopulation model, the carrying capacity is one minus the rate of this process divided by the colonization rate. In island biogeography, species richness equilibrates where the rate of this process equals the colonization rate. Species formerly thought to have undergone this process are called Lazarus taxa. In the IUCN Red List, the opposite end of (*) \"least concern\" indicates that this process happened. Climate change may have contributed to this process in the golden toad. One of the largest \"mass\" examples happened at the Permian-Triassic boundary, and its main anthropogenic cause is habitat degradation. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which the population of a species declines to zero, which happened to the passenger pigeon in 1914.", "answer": "extinction", "page": "Extinction", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118263, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134794, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 244], [245, 325], [326, 425], [426, 497], [498, 632], [633, 771]], "first_sentence": "In the Levins metapopulation model, the carrying capacity is one minus the rate of this process divided by the colonization rate.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The colonial governors of this modern-day country demanded the output from 1/5th of each village's land through the Culture System established in the 1830s. Wahabi converts in this nation rebelled against aristocratic chiefs in the Padri War. Forces from this nation carried out the Santa Cruz Massacre against supporters of FRETILIN during its occupation of a territory that seceded in 2002. A wave of violence followed a failed coup by its (*) 30 September Movement. Its first leader advocated internationalism as part of his Pancasila policy and practiced \"Guided Democracy\" after expelling the Japanese and throwing off the Dutch colonial yoke. For 10 points, name this island country whose first post-independence leader was Sukarno, the world's most populous Muslim nation.", "answer": "Republic of Indonesia", "page": "Indonesia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118262, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134795, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 242], [243, 392], [393, 468], [469, 648], [649, 779]], "first_sentence": "The colonial governors of this modern-day country demanded the output from 1/5th of each village's land through the Culture System established in the 1830s.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Like pressure, this quantity is plotted on the y-axis of Fletcher-Munson contours after scaling via A- weighting. The net value for this quantity is zero in a diffuse field but is maximized in the active field. This quantity is proportional to both frequency squared and maximum displacement squared, or alternatively, it equals one-half the pressure squared over a non-electrical quantity called impedance. This quantity equals the product of particle velocity and pressure. It drops off with one over radius squared since it equals power over the (*) surface area of an imaginary sphere. The level of this quantity equals ten times the logarithm of it divided by one picowatt per square meter\u00c2\u2014a reference value also known as the threshold of hearing. For 10 points, name this quantity often measured in decibels.", "answer": "sound intensity [or acoustic intensity; or I; prompt on loudness or volume]", "page": "Sound_intensity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118261, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134796, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 210], [211, 407], [408, 475], [476, 589], [590, 753], [754, 815]], "first_sentence": "Like pressure, this quantity is plotted on the y-axis of Fletcher-Munson contours after scaling via A- weighting.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Three of these figures who can only say \"da\" or \"ja\", rather than \"yes\" and \"no,\" feature in George Boolos's Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever. Xenophanes wrote a scathing critique of earlier Greek views about them. Cicero wrote a three-book dialogue On the Nature of beings of this sort. In an early Platonic dialogue, a man who claims to be close to them insists on suing his father. Louis-Auguste Blanqui coined an anarchist slogan demanding (*) none of these beings and \"no masters.\" A dilemma in which the love of these beings seems to be arbitrary is presented in Plato's dialogue Euthyphro, which equates love for these beings with piety. For 10 points, name these beings whose existence is denied by as mere \"delusion\" by Richard Dawkins and other New Atheists.", "answer": "gods [or deities]", "page": "Deity", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 118260, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 134797, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 135], [136, 207], [208, 280], [281, 377], [378, 479], [480, 637], [638, 761]], "first_sentence": "Three of these figures who can only say \"da\" or \"ja\", rather than \"yes\" and \"no,\" feature in George Boolos's Hardest Logic Puzzle", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Knut Wicksell claimed there was a version of this quantity that was \"neutral\" towards prices. More recent authors define Wicksell's \"natural\" version of this as the value at which GDP equals potential GDP. On the IS-LM diagram, this value must decrease as output increases in order for investment and savings to be in equilibrium. Paul Krugman has criticized the Federal Reserve's zero lower bound policies where this value is (*) left very close to nothing. The Taylor Rule suggests how a central bank can raise or lower this value to control inflation. The virtual inability of this value to go below zero can lead to a liquidity trap, when people hoard cash rather than invest by loaning it to others. For 10 points, name this rate that is the cost of borrowing money.", "answer": "interest rate", "page": "Interest_rate", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117493, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135256, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [94, 205], [206, 330], [331, 458], [459, 554], [555, 704], [705, 771]], "first_sentence": "Knut Wicksell claimed there was a version of this quantity that was \"neutral\" towards prices.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character foils a mother's plan to remove her blindfold and make her son's body strong as iron by instructing the son to cover up his privates. This character essentially demands that his half-sister Subhadra be kidnapped and married. This character threatens Bhishma with a carriage-wheel, very nearly breaking his vow never to raise a weapon. An appendix known as the Harivamsa relates the infancy of this god, who is relocated, along with his fairer-skinned brother (*) Balarama, from the womb of Devaki to that of Rohini. This god, who steals butter and consorts with the gopi girl Radha, serves as the charioteer for a Pandava prince whom he reminds of his warrior duty. For 10 points, name this avatar of Vishnu who guides Arjuna throughout the Mahabharata.", "answer": "Krishna [prompt on Vishnu]", "page": "Krishna", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117492, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135257, "tokenizations": [[0, 148], [149, 239], [240, 349], [350, 530], [531, 680], [681, 768]], "first_sentence": "This character foils a mother's plan to remove her blindfold and make her son's body strong as iron by instructing the son to cover up his privates.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This king made a politically-expedient pilgrimage to Rome to attend the coronation of Conrad II. This man used a dispute over a chess game as a pretext to kill his rebellious brother-in-law Ulf. This king legendarily set his throne up by a seashore and fruitlessly commanded the tides not to wet his robes to prove he had less power than God. This man's first wife Aelfgifu proved to be an unbearably autocratic ruler of (*) Norway. After winning the Battle of Assandun against Edmund Ironside, this king married Aethelred the Unready's widow Emma of Normandy, and soon ruled all of England. This king's son had a name prefixing his with \"Hartha.\" For 10 points, name this son of Sweyn Forkbeard, a powerful king who ruled both Denmark and England from 1018 to 1035.", "answer": "Canute the Great [or Cnut; or Knutr inn riki", "page": "Cnut_the_Great", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117491, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135258, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 194], [195, 342], [343, 432], [433, 591], [592, 647], [648, 766]], "first_sentence": "This king made a politically-expedient pilgrimage to Rome to attend the coronation of Conrad II.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this short story attempts to make a portrait on a plate of metal, but he throws the metal into a jar of acid when it comes out \"blurred and indefinable.\" Another character in this story is unable to forget hearing the words \"It is in her heart now; we must have it out!\", which her husband had spoken aloud while dreaming. Late in this story, the \"yellow blotches\" on a geranium are (*) removed by a potion prepared with the assistance of Aminadab, which unfortunately for its inventor causes the death of his wife Georgiana. For 10 points, name this Nathaniel Hawthorne short story about Aylmer, who tries to remove the title imperfection, shaped like a small crimson hand, from his wife's cheek.", "answer": "\"The Birthmark\"", "page": "The_Birth-Mark", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117490, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135259, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 337], [338, 540], [541, 712]], "first_sentence": "A character in this short story attempts to make a portrait on a plate of metal, but he throws the metal into a jar of acid when it comes out \"blurred and indefinable.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "For the Lane-Emden equation, having a polytropic index take on this value appropriately models a stable, isothermally stratified atmosphere. This is the value in time at which the rate of expansion becomes zero if the density equals the critical density. When considering the Schwarzschild solution to the Field Equations, the curvature takes on this value when there is no radius. When calculating the escape velocity, this is the value that the distance takes on at the (*) final time. The luminosity of any point in a steady-state universe takes on this value according to the scenario analyzed in Olber's Paradox. As one approaches a singularity, this is the amount of force needed to maintain a particle in place. For 10 points, name this value at which things become immeasurably big.", "answer": "infinite [or infinity]", "page": "Infinity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117489, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135260, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 254], [255, 381], [382, 487], [488, 617], [618, 718], [719, 790]], "first_sentence": "For the Lane-Emden equation, having a polytropic index take on this value appropriately models a stable, isothermally stratified atmosphere.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This character questions the opinion that genitals are only used to expel urine and to distinguish between the sexes, referring to an individual's sexual ability as one's \"belle chose.\" This character engages in the cloth trade at Ypres and Gaunt and refuses to perform the church offering unless she is the first one to offer. This character rips a page out of a book after hearing abuses against (*) women read out loud from it, prompting her husband Jankyn to strike her. In a tale told by this character, a knight rapes a woman and, as part of a punishment devised by Guinevere, discovers that what women want is sovereignty. For 10 points, name this woman who has been married five times, a pilgrim in The Canterbury Tales.", "answer": "the Wife of Bath [or Alisoun]", "page": "The_Wife_of_Bath's_Tale", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117488, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135261, "tokenizations": [[0, 184], [184, 327], [328, 474], [475, 629], [630, 728]], "first_sentence": "This character questions the opinion that genitals are only used to expel urine and to distinguish between the sexes, referring to an individual's sexual ability as one's \"belle chose.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Oscar V. Peterson suffered third-degree burns in the process of closing several steam-line valves during this battle, for which he won a posthumous Medal of Honor. This battle thwarted Operation Mo, which was later reattempted later the same year by an advance through the Kokoda Track. Just prior to this battle, one side had engaged in a successful invasion of Tulagi. The (*) Shoho was sunk and the Lexington was critically damaged in this battle, which prevented the Japanese from invading Port Moresby. This battle marked the first time in naval history that ships did not directly engage each other, instead launching aircraft from carriers. For 10 points, name this 1942 naval battle fought to the northeast of the Australian coast.", "answer": "Battle of the Coral Sea ", "page": "Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117487, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135262, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 286], [287, 370], [371, 378], [379, 507], [508, 647], [648, 739]], "first_sentence": "Oscar V. Peterson suffered third-degree burns in the process of closing several steam-line valves during this battle, for which he won a posthumous Medal of Honor.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A zinc atom binds to the H1 helix and L3 loop of this protein, whose oligomerization domain allows it to form a tetramer and interact with DNA. The E6 and E7 proteins encoded by HPV respectively degrade this protein and the very similar Rb. As a transcription factor, this protein upregulates the expression of Bax and PUMA, members of the Bcl-2 gene family. The serine/threonine kinase (*) ATM phosphorylates this protein to prevent it from being polyubiquitinated and degraded by Mdm2. This protein, which is essential for cell-cycle arrest at the G1 checkpoint, is mutated or deleted in over half of all human tumors. For 10 points, name this tumor suppressor gene known as the \"guardian angel of the genome.\"", "answer": "tumor protein p53 [or cellular tumor antigen p53; or phosphoprotein p53; or tumor suppressor p53; or antigen NY-CO-13; or transformation-related protein 53; or TRP53]", "page": "P53", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117486, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135263, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 240], [241, 358], [359, 487], [488, 620], [621, 712]], "first_sentence": "A zinc atom binds to the H1 helix and L3 loop of this protein, whose oligomerization domain allows it to form a tetramer and interact with DNA.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem by this author describes a group which does not care if the \"moon rattles like a fragment of angry candy.\" In a poem by this author, \"an host of overjoyed noncoms\" make use of \"brushes recently employed\" in a \"muddy toiletbowl.\" This poet wrote of people who \"believe in Christ and Longfellow, both dead\" in \"the Cambridge ladies who live in furnished souls.\" In another poem, he described a man who was \"more brave than me: more (*) blond than you\" and \"whose warmest heart recoiled at war.\" Several variants on the line \"sun moon stars rain\" appear in a poem by this man about a person who marries \"noone\" in a place with \"up so floating many bells down.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"I sing of olaf glad and big\" and \"anyone lived in a pretty how town.\"", "answer": "E. E. Cummings [or Edward Estlin Cummings]", "page": "E._E._Cummings", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117485, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135264, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [112, 235], [236, 366], [367, 498], [498, 499], [500, 663], [663, 777]], "first_sentence": "A poem by this author describes a group which does not care if the \"moon rattles like a fragment of angry candy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Some examples of this city's pottery was created by an artist known as Ninsei. Rulers from this city would abdicate and retire to a monastery in the system of \"cloistered rule.\" Two rival factions camped inside of this city in a 15th century civil war that kicked off the Warring States Period and left it mostly leveled. Five centuries later, it was spared from destruction in part because Henry Stimson had visited it on his honeymoon. A 1997 (*) treaty named for this city did not require developing nations such as China to restrict their greenhouse gas emissions. The temple of Kinkaku-ji was destroyed and then rebuilt following a 1950 arson in this city, whose fortunes declined after the Tokugawa Shogunate moved to Edo. For 10 points, name this former capital of Japan.", "answer": "Kyoto, Japan", "page": "Kyoto", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117484, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135265, "tokenizations": [[0, 78], [79, 176], [176, 177], [178, 321], [322, 437], [438, 568], [569, 728], [729, 778]], "first_sentence": "Some examples of this city's pottery was created by an artist known as Ninsei.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One woman in this short story claims \"you never cross O'Connell Bridge without seeing a white horse.\" Its protagonist gives the maid Lily some money after he embarrassingly mentions her marriage prospects, and later imagines a painting of his wife titled \"Distant Music.\" This story's protagonist is called a \"West Briton\" by Molly Ivors for his refusal to vacation in the Aran Islands. This short story contains a performance of \"The Lass of Aughrim\" by tenor (*) Bartell D'Arcy at a dinner party thrown by the Morkan sisters. The protagonist's wife Gretta reveals her childhood love affair with a man who died waiting outside her window in the rain, Michael Furey. Gabriel Conroy has an emotional crisis in, for 10 points, what final short story from James Joyce's Dubliners?", "answer": "\"The Dead\"", "page": "Death", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117483, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135266, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 271], [272, 386], [387, 527], [528, 666], [667, 777]], "first_sentence": "One woman in this short story claims \"you never cross O'Connell Bridge without seeing a white horse.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the original solution of a first-order equation comprised of three alpha matrices and a beta matrix, this particle's wavefunction has a positive imaginary exponential. In a famous photograph, one of these particles travels through a lead plate and loses its radius of curvature as it travels upward. Fluorodeoxyglucose is a source of these particles. Pauli and Weisskopf explained how this particle gives a (*) negative energy density in the Klein-Gordon equation. When a photon of energy greater than 1.02 MeV undergoes pair production, an electron and this particle are formed. The Dirac equation predicted this particle as a \"hole\" in a sea of electrons. For 10 points, name this particle symbolized e+, which is the antiparticle of the electron.", "answer": "positron [or antielectron]", "page": "Positron", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117482, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135267, "tokenizations": [[0, 170], [171, 302], [303, 353], [354, 467], [468, 582], [583, 660], [661, 752]], "first_sentence": "In the original solution of a first-order equation comprised of three alpha matrices and a beta matrix, this particle's wavefunction has a positive imaginary exponential.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A study by Jonathan Haidt found that people who fit this descriptor worldwide express concern about only two or three \"moral foundations,\" whereas most people respond to five or six. An essay critiquing the Kinsey report appears in an essay collection titled for the Imagination of this sort of person by literary critic Lionel Trilling. Libertarians often (*) sympathize with one type of these people, whose economic views were often laissez-faire. Paul Krugman self-identified as one of these people in a book and blog that invert a Barry Goldwater title to discuss the Conscience of this type of person. For 10 points, name this political adjective for left-of- center people in favor of freedom and equality, who often oppose conservatives.", "answer": "liberal [or word forms such as liberalism; accept descriptive answers such as left-of-center until \"Imagination\"]", "page": "Liberalism", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117461, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135288, "tokenizations": [[0, 182], [183, 337], [338, 356], [357, 449], [450, 606], [607, 744]], "first_sentence": "A study by Jonathan Haidt found that people who fit this descriptor worldwide express concern about only two or three \"moral foundations,\" whereas most people respond to five or six.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Near the end of this novel, the protagonist makes a papal sign of the cross while overlooking a beach. A woman in this novel intentionally causes her husband to drive their car off the road, then proceeds to laugh maniacally as he checks on the children. After punching several Italian taxi drivers, the protagonist of this novel is bailed out of jail by Baby, whose sister later seduces the war hero Tommy Barban. In this novel, the young star of the film Daddy's Girl, (*) Rosemary Hoyt, loses her virginity to a psychiatrist who married one of his schizophrenic patients. The tumultuous relationship of this novel's central couple was based on that of the author and his wife Zelda. For 10 points, name this novel about Nicole and Dick Diver, by F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "answer": "Tender is the Night", "page": "Tender_Is_the_Night", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117460, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135289, "tokenizations": [[0, 102], [103, 254], [255, 414], [415, 574], [575, 685], [686, 769]], "first_sentence": "Near the end of this novel, the protagonist makes a papal sign of the cross while overlooking a beach.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the Metamorphoses, the rape of Persephone is retold during a narration of one of these events. In the aftermath of this type of event, the daughters of Pierus are transformed into magpies. An instance of this event is arbitrated by the mountain god Tmolus. A participant in one of these events uses a cursed object that Athena previously threw away because it ruined her beauty, but is defeated when that object, an aulos, cannot be used upside-down. For his poor (*) judgment of one of these competitions, donkey ears are given to Midas. After his defeat at this activity, Marsyas is flayed alive by Apollo. For 10 points, identify this type of competition which Pan participated in with his pipes, and Apollo with his lyre.", "answer": "music contests [or singing contests; or contests of the voice, flute, pipes, or lyre; or obvious equivalents; prompt on contests; prompt on competitions]", "page": "Lyre", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117459, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135290, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 191], [192, 259], [260, 453], [454, 541], [542, 611], [612, 728]], "first_sentence": "In the Metamorphoses, the rape of Persephone is retold during a narration of one of these events.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Norwegian-born sculptor Oscar J.W. Hanson designed a memorial commemorating 112 worker deaths during this project, many from carbon monoxide poisoning in four horrifyingly-hot diversion tunnels. Harold Ickes (ICK-uhs) lambasted the eventual namesake of this project for \"tak[ing] credit for something he had nothing to do with.\" The Six Companies, Inc. joint venture was founded to oversee this project, superintended by chief engineer Frank Crowe. The Bureau of (*) Reclamation received its first mass funding to carry out this project, which built four reinforced concrete intake towers feeding steel penstocks. This project was named at the time of its completion for Boulder Canyon, and it impounded Lake Mead. For 10 points, name this dam on the border between Arizona and Nevada.", "answer": "he construction of Hoover Dam [accept the construction of Boulder Dam before \"Boulder Dam\" is mentioned; accept the Boulder Canyon project before \"Boulder Dam\" is mentioned]", "page": "Hoover_Dam", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117458, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135291, "tokenizations": [[0, 194], [195, 328], [329, 448], [449, 613], [614, 714], [715, 785]], "first_sentence": "Norwegian-born sculptor Oscar J.W. Hanson designed a memorial commemorating 112 worker deaths during this project, many from carbon monoxide poisoning in four horrifyingly-hot diversion tunnels.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Members of the \"crocodile,\" or \"Akali,\" order historically created elaborate \"fortress\" types of these objects. On the thirteenth day after the death of the eldest male in a family, one of these objects is transferred to the next oldest male family member. These items are exchanged between friends in the vatuani ceremony. People who don't own these objects must instead use a rumal before they can enter a (*) gurdwara. The kangha is typically tied underneath these objects, which in Punjabi are called dastaar or pagh, and serve to conceal the kesh. After being baptized into the khalsa, all men are required to wear these objects. For 10 points, name these distinctive pieces of headgear in Sikhism.", "answer": "Sikh turbans [or pagh before mentioned; or dastaar before mentioned; or pagri before \"pagh\" is read]", "page": "Turban", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117457, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135292, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 256], [257, 323], [324, 421], [422, 552], [553, 634], [635, 703]], "first_sentence": "Members of the \"crocodile,\" or \"Akali,\" order historically created elaborate \"fortress\" types of these objects.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In this film, a housekeeper named Anna notices the protagonist sneaking around upstairs by seeing his reflection in the glare of a TV screen. At its climax, the shot transitions from the male lead pulling up his love interest from the edge of a cliff to him helping her onto a bed in a Pullman car. Early in this film, the hero liquored up at the house of UN diplomat Lester Townsend. The protagonist gets out of a jam by punching a man and getting arrested at an auction also attended by (*) Phillip Vandamm and his lover, played by Eva Marie Saint. In one iconic scene, the protagonist, an oft-divorced ad exec played by Cary Grant, is almost run-down by a crop duster. For 10 points, name this Alfred Hitchcock film which ends with a descent of Mount Rushmore.", "answer": "North by Northwest", "page": "North_by_Northwest", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117456, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135293, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 298], [299, 384], [385, 550], [551, 671], [672, 763]], "first_sentence": "In this film, a housekeeper named Anna notices the protagonist sneaking around upstairs by seeing his reflection in the glare of a TV screen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A ring of this organ's tissue constricts a nearby structure in a rare \"annular\" condition. A form of amyloidosis known as IAPP is frequently seen in diseased forms of this organ. The Golgi apparati of many cells in this organ contain C-peptide, which converts a protein made here to its active form. The centroacinar cells and intercalated ducts in this organ respond to the hormone secretin, enabling this structure to release bicarbonate. This organ's duct joins the common (*) bile duct just prior to the Ampulla of Vater. Like the salivary glands, this organ makes amylase. Cells in this organ are destroyed in type 1 diabetes. For 10 points, name this digestive organ whose beta cells in the islets of Langerhans produce insulin.", "answer": "pancreas", "page": "Pancreas", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117455, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135294, "tokenizations": [[0, 90], [91, 178], [179, 299], [300, 440], [441, 525], [526, 577], [578, 631], [632, 734]], "first_sentence": "A ring of this organ's tissue constricts a nearby structure in a rare \"annular\" condition.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An author with this surname penned a line beginning \"All true histories contain instruction\", which opens a novel in which the flirty Rosalie regrets marrying Lord Ashby. That author created a character who helps Nancy Brown read the Bible, during which she meets her future husband Edward Weston, and works as a governess for the Bloomfield and Murray families. Another author with this surname wrote a novel that includes the dogs Fanny, who is hanged during the elopement of its owner Isabella, and (*) Skulker, who bites a girl at Thrushcross Grange. Nelly Dean tells Mr. Lockwood the history of the Earnshaw family and its adopted member Heathcliff in a novel by that author. For 10 points, give the surname shared by the authors of Agnes Grey and Wuthering Heights.", "answer": "Bronte\u0308 [or Anne Bronte\u0308; or Emily Bronte\u0308; prompt on (Acton or Ellis) Bell]", "page": "Emily_Bront\u00eb", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117454, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135295, "tokenizations": [[0, 170], [171, 362], [363, 554], [555, 680], [681, 771]], "first_sentence": "An author with this surname penned a line beginning \"All true histories contain instruction\", which opens a novel in which the flirty Rosalie regrets marrying Lord Ashby.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An event named for these objects was instigated by the secret Council of Sixteen and resulted in the issuance of the Edict of Union. Jaroslaw Dabrowski (YA-row-slav da-BROV-ski) died on one of these objects during the \"Bloody Week.\" Many of them were built following the end of the \"banquets campaign.\" The Mobile Guard destroyed many of these structures erected after the closing of the National Workshops. Henry, Duke of Guise, seized power on the so-called (*) \"Day\" of these structures. Victor Hugo's experience traversing these structures inspired the battle scenes in Les Miserables. These structures were used to block troops during events like the June Days and the February Revolution. For 10 points, name these makeshift fortifications that were often built during Parisian revolutions.", "answer": "barricades [or barrier; or blockade; or roadblock", "page": "Barricade", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117453, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135296, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 231], [231, 301], [301, 302], [303, 407], [408, 490], [491, 589], [590, 694], [695, 796]], "first_sentence": "An event named for these objects was instigated by the secret Council of Sixteen and resulted in the issuance of the Edict of Union.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Two participants in this event converted to Christianity after getting Matthew Quintal drunk and murdering him with a hatchet. A participant in this event named his son \"Thursday October\" because he sought \"no name that will remind me of England.\" This event took place after a five-month layover during a breadfruit gathering expedition, and it forced a man to cover four thousand miles in an open (*) boat to reach safety. The HMS Pandora was sent to arrest the participants in this event, but ran aground on the Great Barrier Reef afterwards. Fletcher Christian led this revolt, many of whose participants ended up in Tahiti or Pitcairn Island. For 10 points, name this 1789 insurrection on a ship captained by William Bligh in the south Pacific", "answer": "mutiny on the Bounty [or Bounty rebellion; accept any answers indicating that this is an uprising on the HMS Bounty; accept HMS Bounty after \"insurrection\" is read]", "page": "Mutiny_on_the_Bounty", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117452, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135297, "tokenizations": [[0, 126], [127, 247], [248, 424], [425, 545], [546, 647], [648, 748]], "first_sentence": "Two participants in this event converted to Christianity after getting Matthew Quintal drunk and murdering him with a hatchet.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After hearing that a man is crying, a character in this play replies: \"Then he's living.\" A character in this play tells a story about an Englishman frustrated that it took God only six days to create the world, when his tailor needs three months to make a pair of trousers. Another character in this play bestows the nickname \"Old stancher\" upon the large, bloodstained handkerchief covering his face. An (*) elderly couple who lost their legs in a biking accident in the Ardennes and live inside trash cans, named Nagg and Nell, torment their wheelchair-bound son and his always-standing servant in this play. For 10 points, name this one-act play about Hamm and Clov with a chess-inspired title, written by Samuel Beckett.", "answer": "Endgame [or Fin de partie]", "page": "Endgame_(play)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117451, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135298, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 274], [275, 402], [403, 611], [612, 725]], "first_sentence": "After hearing that a man is crying, a character in this play replies: \"Then he's living.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A dramatic cantata by this composer based on Jerusalem Delivered is often cited as the first use of tremolo and pizzicato in orchestral music. That piece appears in a series' eighth book, which is divided into songs of love and songs of war. Together with his brother Giulio Cesare, this composer advocated a new style in which words governed the music, a style he referred to as the (*) seconda pratica. He wrote a total of nine books of madrigals, and his last opera chronicles how the mistress of Nerone becomes Empress of Rome. For 10 points, name this Italian composer who is generally considered to mark the beginning of the Baroque era, and who wrote the operas The Coronation of Poppea and L'Orfeo.", "answer": "Claudio Monteverdi", "page": "Claudio_Monteverdi", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117450, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135299, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 241], [242, 404], [405, 531], [532, 706]], "first_sentence": "A dramatic cantata by this composer based on Jerusalem Delivered is often cited as the first use of tremolo and pizzicato in orchestral music.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "According to one thinker, this pair of concepts took on their present meaning after a process of ressentiment took hold among people akin to weak lambs being preyed upon by eagles. That same philosopher attributed the rise of this conceptual dichotomy to \"three Jews,\" namely Jesus, Peter, and Paul. These concepts partly title a book which lauds the \"free spirit\" and opens by comparing past philosophers to inept seducers, asking \"Suppose Truth is a (*) woman -- what then?\" According to The Genealogy of Morals, the \"slave morality\" based itself around these two concepts after it removed master morality's concept of \"the bad.\" For 10 p", "answer": "good and evil [or Gut und Bose; prompt on morals or slave morality until \"title\"; do NOT accept answers including \"bad\" or \"not good\"; do NOT accept answers including \"right\" and \"wrong\"]", "page": "Good_and_evil", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117449, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135300, "tokenizations": [[0, 180], [181, 299], [300, 476], [477, 631], [632, 640]], "first_sentence": "According to one thinker, this pair of concepts took on their present meaning after a process of ressentiment took hold among people akin to weak lambs being preyed upon by eagles.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An instructor peers over the shoulder of a woman in the center of a Samuel Morse painting set in one of these places. The light and temperature of one of these places varied as part of Olafur Eliasson's The Weather Project. A man symbolically puts Louis XIV to rest by packing up a crate in one of these places in the painting Gersaint's Shop Sign by Jean-Antoine Watteau. One of these places was filled with millions of porcelain sunflower seeds by Ai Weiwei (\"eye\" way-way) and is called (*) Turbine Hall. One in Washington, DC is split between a neoclassical west building and an east building designed by I. M. Pei, who also designed a glass pyramid that is outside of one of these places in Paris. For 10 points, name these locations that include the Tate Modern and the Louvre.", "answer": "art gallery [or salon or art museum, or art store before \"shop\" is mentioned; prompt on museum; prompt on hall or Turbine hall until mentioned]", "page": "Art_museum", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117447, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135302, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 223], [224, 326], [327, 372], [373, 507], [508, 702], [703, 783]], "first_sentence": "An instructor peers over the shoulder of a woman in the center of a Samuel Morse painting set in one of these places.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This quantity multiplies residence time in the Damko\u0308hler number, and is divided by the diffusivity in the Thiele modulus. The exponential of one-half, times the square root of eight times Boltzmann's constant over pi, appears in a classical derivation for this quantity. The kinetic isotope effect is a ratio of these quantities. This quantity has units of molarity to the one minus n, over seconds, where n is the (*) order. The natural logarithm of two, divided by this quantity, equals the half-life. According to collision theory, this quantity equals a pre-exponential factor times e to the negative activation energy, over RT, by the Arrhenius equation. For 10 points, name this constant which measures how quickly a reaction occurs.", "answer": "reaction rate constant [prompt on reaction rate; prompt on k]", "page": "Reaction_rate_constant", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117446, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135303, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 271], [272, 330], [331, 426], [427, 504], [505, 660], [661, 740]], "first_sentence": "This quantity multiplies residence time in the Damko\u0308hler number, and is divided by the diffusivity in the Thiele modulus.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Goods produced by this ethnic group were carried by the ship United Kalavryta, which was stuck in legal limbo for six months off the coast of Texas in 2014. Photographer Jacob Russell captured many images of female fighters of this ethnic group within a force whose name means \"one who faces death.\" These people, who made up a plurality of the short lived Mahabad Republic after World War II, have yet to carry out a (*) self-rule referendum proposed by Masoud Barzani. Soldiers from this ethnic group's peshmerga force helped defend the city of Kobani against an ISIS siege. In Halabja, thousands of people of this ethnic group were killed in a gas attack orchestrated by Saddam Hussein. For 10 points, name this ethnic group concentrated in Turkey and Northern Iraq.", "answer": "Kurds [or Iraqi Kurds; do not prompt on just \"Iraqis\"]", "page": "Kurds", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117445, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135304, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [157, 298], [298, 470], [471, 576], [577, 689], [690, 769]], "first_sentence": "Goods produced by this ethnic group were carried by the ship United Kalavryta, which was stuck in legal limbo for six months off the coast of Texas in 2014.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Integrity checking can be used to identify a type of these things that operate at Ring 0. Some of these things use a polymorphic engine to obscure their signature. A recent example of these things called Cryptolocker encrypted file contents. They're often used to create large numbers of zombies and particularly hard to detect examples of these entities are called (*) rootkits. Melissa was one of many of these things that took advantage of macros, but more modern examples of them often use zero-day exploits reported to the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures index. These programs are studied by Kapersky Lab and one of them called Stuxnet was used against the Iranian nuclear program. For 10 points, name these types of malware.", "answer": "computer virus [or worm; or trojan horse; or backdoor; or adware; or scareware; or ransomware; or spyware; or keystroker; or malware or rootkit until they are read; prompt on exploits]", "page": "Computer_virus", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117444, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135305, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 163], [164, 241], [242, 379], [380, 571], [572, 691], [692, 735]], "first_sentence": "Integrity checking can be used to identify a type of these things that operate at Ring 0.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This party worked with the COD, an organization whose members included Helen Joseph and the lawyer Bram Fischer. This organization's Programme of Action was replaced by a document which states \"we the people shall govern!\", its Freedom Charter. 156 members of this party were acquitted at the Treason Trial, which inspired Oliver Tambo to leave the country and lead this party from exile. A member of this party declared \"I am prepared to die\" at the Rivonia Trial. The (*) Church Street bombing was carried out by this party's armed wing known as Umkhonto we Sizwe, which was originally formed in response to the Sharpeville Massacre. A leader of this party was imprisoned for 27 years on Robben Island. For 10 points, name this South African political party once led by Nelson Mandela.", "answer": "ANC [or African National Congress] ", "page": "African_National_Congress", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117443, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135306, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 222], [222, 244], [245, 388], [389, 465], [466, 635], [636, 704], [705, 787]], "first_sentence": "This party worked with the COD, an organization whose members included Helen Joseph and the lawyer Bram Fischer.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Sinapinic acid is most commonly used for this procedure. It often requires helium to be pumped into a collision cell in an intermediate step. This technique is done twice in a row, or in tandem, to sequence proteins. In a common method of prepping this procedure, a laser is fired at a matrix to desorb a sample. The output of this procedure is commonly shown as a bar graph with an M+1 signal right next to the (*) base peak, which is the radical cation formed in this procedure's first step. This technique measures the abundance of each m-over-z ratio in a sample by subjecting fragments to a magnetic field. For 10 points, name this form of spectrometry which distinguishes between isotopes because of the difference in ions' molecular weights.", "answer": "mass spectrometry", "page": "Mass_spectrometry", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117442, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135307, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 216], [217, 312], [313, 493], [494, 611], [612, 748]], "first_sentence": "Sinapinic acid is most commonly used for this procedure. It often requires helium to be pumped into a collision cell in an intermediate step.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The protagonist of a novel by this author has a sister who goes into a near-catatonic state named for the \"13th Zodiac sign\" of the Starfish. A mother discovers an African-American washerwoman's baby buried alive in her garden in a novel by this author in which an Eastern-European immigrant who makes paper silhouettes becomes a \"baron\" in the animation industry. This man based Paul and Rochelle Isaacson's (*) execution on that of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg for his novel The Book of Daniel. After his Model T Ford is destroyed by firemen, Coalhouse Walker becomes a terrorist in a novel by this author that includes historical characters such as J.P. Morgan and Harry Houdini. For 10 points, name this American author of Ragtime.", "answer": "E. L. Doctorow [or Edgar Lawrence Doctorow]", "page": "E._L._Doctorow", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117441, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135308, "tokenizations": [[0, 141], [142, 364], [365, 494], [495, 680], [681, 733]], "first_sentence": "The protagonist of a novel by this author has a sister who goes into a near-catatonic state named for the \"13th Zodiac sign\" of the Starfish.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Erik Satie's Dessicated Embryos parodies a piano sonata of this number, although it falsely claims to be an homage to Schubert. Brahms's string sextet of this number contains a recurring musical cryptogram that spells out the name \"Agathe\" (A-ga-ta), and is the last such sextet he wrote. A chord based on the scale degree of this number is called \"supertonic\". Chopin's nocturne of this number from his opus 9 is in E-flat and is his most popular, while his (*) piano sonata of this number is in B-flat minor and is best-known for its third-movement funeral march. Mahler's symphony of this number is called \"Resurrection.\" For 10 points, give this minimum number of notes required to make a musical interval and the number of violins in a standard string quartet.", "answer": "two [or obvious equivalents, such as second]", "page": "2", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117440, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135309, "tokenizations": [[0, 127], [128, 288], [289, 361], [362, 565], [566, 624], [625, 765]], "first_sentence": "Erik Satie's Dessicated Embryos parodies a piano sonata of this number, although it falsely claims to be an homage to Schubert.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A unique type of these objects that has absorption lines greater than a thousand kilometers per second in width is the BAL, or broad-asborption line, type. Intense gravitational lensing creates four images of one of these objects in the Einstein cross. These objects are useful for studying density fluctuations in the early universe because their radiation is absorbed by intergalactic clouds and galaxies, creating a (*) forest of lines blueward of their Lyman-alpha line. It's conjectured that these objects having their relativistic jets pointed at Earth explains blazars. These active galactic nuclei are powered by accretion onto supermassive black holes. For 10 points, what most energetic objects in the universe are also called quasi-stellar radio sources?", "answer": "quasars [or quasi-stellar radio sources or QSOs until \"quasi-stellar\" is read]", "page": "Quasar", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117439, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135310, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 252], [253, 474], [475, 576], [577, 661], [662, 765]], "first_sentence": "A unique type of these objects that has absorption lines greater than a thousand kilometers per second in width is the BAL, or broad-asborption line, type.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This island is home to a giant who has a single nail that keeps shut a blood vein running from his ankle to his head. Two men from this island quarrel for the affection of Miletus. A plague is brought to this island by a king who sacrifices the first living thing he sees after returning from Troy. This island is the home of the bronze giant Talos and the king Idomeneus. After this island's champion Androgeus wins a (*) sporting event, it demands annual sacrifices from Athens. A hero that travels to this island is given a ball of yarn by Ariadne in order to navigate an impossible structure designed by Daedalus. For 10 points, name this Greek island home to the Labyrinth, which Theseus navigates to slay the Minotaur.", "answer": "Crete [or Knossos]", "page": "Crete", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117438, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135311, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 180], [181, 298], [299, 372], [373, 480], [481, 617], [618, 724]], "first_sentence": "This island is home to a giant who has a single nail that keeps shut a blood vein running from his ankle to his head.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Around this river, Henry Walter Bates's decade-long study of butterflies led to a pioneering biology paper on mimicry. This river's basin contains large amounts of charcoal-rich terra preta soil. This river is home to an aquatic mammal which turns pink when excited, a dolphin called the boto. This largest habitat of the bony-tongued arapaima fish joins a darker-colored tributary at the (*) Meeting of Waters after a sandy-colored upper section often called the Solimoes. It empties into the ocean near Marajo Island and rises near Iquitos, the largest city in the world inaccessible by road. The Rio Negro, which rises in Colombia, joins this river at the rainforest city of Manaus. For 10 points, name this longest river in South America.", "answer": "Amazon River", "page": "Amazon_River", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117437, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135312, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 195], [196, 293], [294, 473], [474, 594], [595, 685], [686, 742]], "first_sentence": "Around this river, Henry Walter Bates's decade-long study of butterflies led to a pioneering biology paper on mimicry.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The worst case runtime of Floyd's algorithm is a cubic function based on the number of these objects in the input. An articulation type of one of these things creates at least one new component and is more commonly called the \"cut\" type of these things. One of Karp's 21 problems involves finding the minimum number of these things that form a cover. An alternative to the Bellman-Ford algorithm repeatedly checks to see if a new (*) distance to one of these things is less than the best known distance. The cities in the NP-Hard traveling salesman problem generalize to these mathematical constructs. The shortest path between all of these things is found by Dijkstra's algorithm. For 10 points, name these structural elements of a graph that are connected by edges.", "answer": " vertices [or vertex; or nodes; or points", "page": "Vertex_(graph_theory)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117370, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135379, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 253], [254, 350], [351, 503], [504, 601], [602, 681], [682, 767]], "first_sentence": "The worst case runtime of Floyd's algorithm is a cubic function based on the number of these objects in the input.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "William Pitt the Younger unsuccessfully pursued an armament policy against this country as part of the Triple Alliance. This country warmly received the explorer Richard Chancellor. Ramsay MacDonald's Labor Party lost the 1924 general election in part due to a controversial and probably forged letter written by a government official from this country. Its navy accidentally fired on some British fishing vessels in the (*) Dogger Bank incident. In the Great Game, this country and the United Kingdom vied for supremacy of Central Asia. In the 16th century, this country granted trade privileges to England at its port of Arkhangelsk. For 10 points, name this country that opened trade relations with England during the reign of Ivan the Terrible.", "answer": "Russia [or the Soviet Union or USSR] ", "page": "Russia", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117369, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135380, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 181], [182, 353], [354, 446], [447, 537], [538, 635], [636, 748]], "first_sentence": "William Pitt the Younger unsuccessfully pursued an armament policy against this country as part of the Triple Alliance.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In one novel written in this language, the death of Colonel Delmare causes Ralph to abandon the suicide pact made with his lover Indiana. Another novel written in this language ends with the protagonist's severed head being buried in a cave inside of which is a shrine made of marble. One author who wrote in this language wrote A Winter in Majorca, which recounts her passionate affair with a (*) composer. This language was used to write a novel in which the son of a woodcutter falls in love with Mathilde de la Mole and struggles between choosing the army or the clergy. That novel in this language, which depicts the rise and fall of Julien Sorel, is The Red and the Black. For 10 points, name this language used by George Sand and Stendhal.", "answer": "French [or Francais] ", "page": "French_language", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117368, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135381, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 284], [285, 407], [408, 574], [575, 678], [679, 746]], "first_sentence": "In one novel written in this language, the death of Colonel Delmare causes Ralph to abandon the suicide pact made with his lover Indiana.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This woman is advised to remain silent while passing old women weaving and a lame man driving a mule laden with sticks, and has sleep extracted from her face and placed in a box. This woman births the goddess of sensual pleasure, a companion of the Graces named Voluptas. This woman, whose story was first told in Apuleius's The Golden Ass, slips from a dragon-infested cliff from which black water pours, lets briers collect the golden (*) wool of the Sun, and receives a crust of bread after accepting the aid of insects who sort a huge pile of grains for her. Her envious sisters convince her to sneak in a lamp to a liaison with her lover, betraying her promise to never look upon his face. For 10 points, name this nemesis of Venus, a woman who falls in love with Cupid.", "answer": "Psyche", "page": "Cupid_and_Psyche", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117367, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135382, "tokenizations": [[0, 178], [179, 271], [272, 562], [563, 694], [695, 775]], "first_sentence": "This woman is advised to remain silent while passing old women weaving and a lame man driving a mule laden with sticks, and has sleep extracted from her face and placed in a box.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A recent exhibit of this artist's \"Regrets\" at the MoMA was inspired by a beat-up photo of Lucian (LOO-see-un) Freud owned by Francis Bacon. He exhibited his Number Paintings with Leo Castelli after being discovered in Robert Rauschenberg's studio. The names of loosely delineated states are stenciled onto his painting Map. A canvas by this artist, with five-inch-thick paint, plays with perspective so that the closest of the three superimposed objects appears smallest. That thick paint was made with (*) encaustic, which this artist also employed in his paintings of targets surrounded by plaster casts. His first painting of a recurring subject features 48 stars on a blue field, increased to 50 in later versions. For 10 points, name this American Pop artist of Three Flags.", "answer": "Jasper Johns", "page": "Jasper_Johns", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117366, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135383, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 248], [249, 324], [325, 472], [473, 607], [608, 719], [720, 780]], "first_sentence": "A recent exhibit of this artist's \"Regrets\" at the MoMA was inspired by a beat-up photo of Lucian (LOO-see-un) Freud owned by Francis Bacon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "As an outlet for his work, this composer founded a namesake ensemble comprised of three keyboards, some winds, and a soprano who generally only sings solfege. This composer wrote the score to a film in which the liftoff of a Saturn V rocket is followed by footage of an Atlas rocket exploding; an earlier section of that score contains the song \"Pruitt Igoe.\" (*) Time-lapse images comprise much of that film titled after the Hopi word for \"life out of balance.\" This composer wrote a \"Portrait Trilogy\" of operas and, along with Steve Reich, John Adams, and Terry Riley, is one of the major American minimalists. For 10 points, name this composer of the score for Koyaanisqatsi and the opera Einstein on the Beach.", "answer": " Philip Glass [or Philip Morris Glass] ", "page": "Philip_Glass", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117365, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135384, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 359], [360, 462], [463, 613], [614, 715]], "first_sentence": "As an outlet for his work, this composer founded a namesake ensemble comprised of three keyboards, some winds, and a soprano who generally only sings solfege.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author opened a critical guide to appreciating literature with the \"parable of the sunfish\". He reused the meter from his translation of The Seafarer to create a version of the nekuia from the Odyssey for a poem that precedes one in which the speaker tells Robert Browning to \"hang it all\" because \"there can be but the one Sordello\". This author of The ABC of Reading wrote about a man whose \"true (*) Penelope was Flaubert\" and who seeks to \"resuscitate the dead art of poetry\" in his poem \"Hugh Selwyn Mauberley\". Sections named for John Adams, Pisa, and a \"Rock-Drill\" are included in a collection by this author, whose study of Chinese characters inspired his development of Imagism. For 10 points, name this fascist American poet of The Cantos.", "answer": "Ezra Pound [or Ezra Weston Loomis Pound] ", "page": "Ezra_Pound", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117364, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135385, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 339], [340, 521], [522, 693], [694, 755]], "first_sentence": "This author opened a critical guide to appreciating literature with the \"parable of the sunfish\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The instigator of this event describes angels that \"lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.\" After this event ends, it is noted that \"angels came and attended\" its subject. Milton's Paradise Regained dramatizes this event from the Gospel of Luke, which ends when its subject declares \"Do not put the Lord your God to the test.\" The narrative of this event immediately follows that of the (*) baptism of Jesus, and occurs after Jesus spends forty days fasting in the desert. During this event, Jesus is instructed to turn stones into bread, to leap off of the highest point of the temple, and to bow down and worship the devil. For 10 points, identify this event in which the devil attempts to influence Jesus to sin.", "answer": "the temptation of Jesus Christ [or answers akin to the testing of Jesus; prompt on Jesus in the desert for forty days or similar answers before \"forty days\" is read] ", "page": "Temptation_of_Christ", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117363, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135386, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [136, 215], [216, 369], [369, 516], [517, 669], [670, 759]], "first_sentence": "The instigator of this event describes angels that \"lift you up in their hands, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of this compound has erythrocyte, liver, and muscle isoforms, and is deficient in a condition that creates \"burr cells.\" An oxidized lipoate species with a \"swinging arm\" is attacked by an anionic carbon in a TPP cofactor in the three-enzyme complex that dehydrogenates this compound. This compound's carboxylase catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate in the first step of (*) gluconeogenesis. In anaerobic conditions, NAD+ can be regenerated by converting this compound to lactate. In respiration, this compound is made into acetyl-CoA, which then enters the citric acid cycle. For 10 points, name this three-carbon compound that is the end-product of glycolysis.", "answer": "pyruvate [or pyruvic acid] ", "page": "Pyruvic_acid", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117362, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135387, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [158, 159], [160, 323], [324, 433], [434, 522], [523, 618], [619, 704]], "first_sentence": "An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of this compound has erythrocyte, liver, and muscle isoforms, and is deficient in a condition that creates \"burr cells.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a posthumously published collection of this man's poems, Andrew Marvell attacked critics as \"Word-peckers, Paper-rats,\" and \"Book-scorpions\". His poem addressed to Charles Cotton describes how \"The joys of earth and air are thine entire\". This author of \"The Grasshopper\" ended another poem with the couplet \"I could not love thee, Dear, so much, / Loved I not honor more\". \"Enlarged wings that curl the flood\" and \"fishes that (*) tipple in the deep\" are among the things that \"know no such liberty\" according to a poem by this man that also includes the famous line \"Stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bars a cage\". For 10 points, name this Cavalier poet of \"To Lucasta, Going to the Wars\" and \"To Althea from Prison\". ", "answer": "Richard Lovelace ", "page": "Richard_Lovelace", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117361, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135388, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 241], [242, 310], [311, 351], [352, 376], [377, 378], [378, 628], [629, 731]], "first_sentence": "In a posthumously published collection of this man's poems, Andrew Marvell attacked critics as \"Word-peckers, Paper-rats,\" and \"Book-scorpions\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This mountain range is home to the shortest known viper, which grows to be just over a foot long, and to a species of gazelle named for naturalist George Cuvier. The Kabyle people, who build villages in a high section of these mountains, were studied by cultural sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Ouarzazate is a city high in a western \"Anti-\" section of this range, whose easternmost portion is called the (*) Aur\u00c3\u00a8s region. The Ourika and Draa Rivers flow through part of this range, which is separated by the Sebou River from the Rif region to its northwest. This range's highest peak is Jebel Toubkal. The highlands south of this range contain the city of Marrakesh, which was founded by Berbers. For 10 points, name this mountain range spanning Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria.", "answer": "Atlas Mountains [accept Tell Atlas until \"Anti-\"] ", "page": "Atlas_Mountains", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117360, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135389, "tokenizations": [[0, 161], [162, 291], [292, 420], [421, 556], [557, 600], [601, 695], [696, 774]], "first_sentence": "This mountain range is home to the shortest known viper, which grows to be just over a foot long, and to a species of gazelle named for naturalist George Cuvier.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This is the family name most commonly used to refer to the politician who tried to stop the repeal of a law banning female displays of wealth, the Lex Oppia, who shared the consulship with his mentor Lucius Valerius Flaccus, and wrote the Origines, the first prose history in Latin. This is also the family name of the politician who, after hearing about the Republican defeat at the Battle of Thapsus, committed suicide in Utica, and rallied the (*) Optimates in opposing the agricultural reforms pushed by Julius Caesar. The earlier Roman politician with this name ended every speech, no matter the topic, with the phrase \"Carthago Delenda Est,\" meaning \"Carthage must be destroyed.\" For 10 points, give this name shared by an Elder and Younger Roman Republic statesman.", "answer": " Cato [or Cato the Elder; or Cato the Younger; or Marcus Porcius Cato; or Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis] ", "page": "Cato_the_Elder", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117359, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135390, "tokenizations": [[0, 282], [283, 522], [523, 684], [684, 772]], "first_sentence": "This is the family name most commonly used to refer to the politician who tried to stop the repeal of a law banning female displays of wealth, the Lex Oppia, who shared the consulship with his mentor Lucius Valerius Flaccus, and wrote the Origines, the first prose history in Latin.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Measuring this value for a semiconductor is done with a four-point probe and allows one to determine the concentration of impurities. A device first fabricated at HP Labs using a thin film of titanium dioxide has a value for this quantity that depends on the history of current in the device. After the turn-on voltage, an ideal diode has a value of zero for this quantity. An unknown value of this quantity can be found by setting up a diamond shape and adjusting until there's no voltage drop across the bridge, a method popularized by Charles (*) Wheatstone. This quantity is the real part of impedance. For a wire this quantity equals rho times length over cross-sectional area, where rho is the inverse of the conductivity. This quantity adds when its namesake circuit elements are placed in series. For 10 points, what quantity is equal to voltage divided by current, by Ohm's law?", "answer": "resistance [or R; or resistivity or rho until \"impedance\" is read] ", "page": "R", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117358, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135391, "tokenizations": [[0, 133], [134, 292], [293, 373], [374, 561], [562, 606], [607, 728], [729, 804], [805, 887]], "first_sentence": "Measuring this value for a semiconductor is done with a four-point probe and allows one to determine the concentration of impurities.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "French Interior Minister Charles Pasqua was jailed for facilitating Pierre Falcone's arms shipments to this country. Secret U.S. military aid to this country was prohibited by the Clark Amendment. Cuban troops deployed to this country fought in the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale during a war interrupted by the Bicesse Accords. This country's northern border was home to Holden Roberto's FNLA during its war of independence. Its 26-year-long (*) civil war pitted Agostinho Neto's MPLA, which was mostly funded by oil revenue, against Jonas Savimbi's UNITA, which was mostly funded by the sale of diamonds. Eduardo dos Santos currently leads this country. For 10 points, name this African country, a former Portugese colony with a capital at Luanda.", "answer": "Angola", "page": "Angola", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117357, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135392, "tokenizations": [[0, 116], [117, 196], [197, 323], [324, 420], [421, 601], [602, 650], [651, 744]], "first_sentence": "French Interior Minister Charles Pasqua was jailed for facilitating Pierre Falcone's arms shipments to this country.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel complains to the Duchess of Monmouth that \"the man who could call a spade a spade should be compelled to use one\". This novel's preface states that \"dislike of realism is the rage of Caliban upon seeing his own face\" before stating \"all art is quite useless\". A sailor in this novel overhears a man being called \"Prince Charming\", though that man's (*) youthful face puts off the sailor's accusations that he was responsible for the suicide of the Shakespearean actress Sibyl Vane. The painter Basil Hallward is murdered by this novel's protagonist, who is mentored by Lord Henry Wotton. For 10 points, name this novel whose title portrait ages and becomes disfigured in place of its hedonistic subject, written by Oscar Wilde. ", "answer": "The Picture of Dorian Gray", "page": "The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117356, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135393, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 285], [286, 507], [508, 613], [614, 753]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel complains to the Duchess of Monmouth that \"the man who could call a spade a spade should be compelled to use one\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In the late 1950s, Lacey and Lacey's studies of responses to this phenomenon introduced the concept of \"individual response-stereotypy.\" Modern understanding of this concept began in studies of a three-stage condition called GAS, or General Adaptation Syndrome, by Hans Selye (SEL-yay). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale measures the likelihood that this condition has been caused by major life events. It's not heart disease, but lower incidence of this thing distinguishes (*) \"Type B\" personalities from \"Type A\" personalities. The long-term type of this response results in release of the hormone cortisol. Lazarus and Folkman's first study of \"coping responses\"defined them as reactions to this condition. For 10 points, name this psychological response to disturbing stimuli.", "answer": "stress response", "page": "Fight-or-flight_response", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117355, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135394, "tokenizations": [[0, 135], [135, 275], [276, 286], [287, 405], [406, 533], [534, 613], [614, 713], [714, 784]], "first_sentence": "In the late 1950s, Lacey and Lacey's studies of responses to this phenomenon introduced the concept of \"individual response-stereotypy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man was followed around without his consent by journalist Gay Talese for several months as Talese wrote an article for Esquire titled \"[this man] Has a Cold\". He re-recorded a version of the song \"High Hopes\" to support a presidential campaign. Gennadi Gerasimov compared one of this man's songs to the Soviet Union's abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine, leading to a (*) new Soviet diplomatic policy named for this man. After helping organize an Inaugural Gala, this musician had a falling out with President Kennedy due to his relationship with the American Mafia. Peter Lawford and Sammy Davis, Jr. joined him in an informal group of performers named the \"Rat Pack.\" For 10 points, name this American singer of \"Theme from New York, New York\" and \"My Way.\" ", "answer": "Frank Sinatra [Francis Albert Sinatra]", "page": "Frank_Sinatra", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117354, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135395, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 249], [250, 426], [427, 572], [573, 675], [676, 765]], "first_sentence": "This man was followed around without his consent by journalist Gay Talese for several months as Talese wrote an article for Esquire titled \"[this man] Has a Cold\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The second section of this ballet begins with the strings playing persistent eight-note double stops with shifting accents, all down-bow. With assistance from Millicent Hodson, the Joffrey Ballet reconstructed the original choreography from this ballet in 1987. During the story, a series of games is interrupted by the \"Procession of the Wise Elder.\" In the final section of this ballet, which changes meter almost every measure, a (*)chosen victim dances herself to death. An unusually high bassoon solo opens this ballet, which closes with the \"Sacrificial Dance.\" The adventurous music, combined with Vaslay Nijinsky's angular, forceful choreography, caused a riot on the night of the Paris premiere. For 10 points, name his ballet by Igor Stravinsky about pagan Russia.", "answer": "The Rite of Spring or Le Sacre du Printemps or Vesna svyashchennaya", "page": "The_Rite_of_Spring", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117352, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135397, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 261], [262, 351], [352, 474], [475, 566], [566, 704], [705, 774]], "first_sentence": "The second section of this ballet begins with the strings playing persistent eight-note double stops with shifting accents, all down-bow.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In the Argonautica, Polydeuces kills the Bebrycian king Amycus with a pair of these objects made of cowhide. In the Aeneid, Entellus wins a contest using a cestus, an object of this kind. In the Gylfaginning, one of these objects owned by Utgard-Loki turns out to the \"great hall\" in which Thor and his servants had experienced earthquakes during the night. A set of these objects had to be used because a gadfly sent by Loki distracted Brokkr and forced him to make a (*) weapon's handle much shorter than it should have been. The belt Megingjorth, a hammer, and a set of these objects named Jarngreipr are the most important possessions of the Norse god of thunder. For 10 points, name these items of clothing, an iron pair of which enables Thor to grasp Mjolnir", "answer": "gloves [or gauntlets]", "page": "Glove", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117351, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135398, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 187], [188, 357], [358, 527], [528, 667], [668, 764]], "first_sentence": "In the Argonautica, Polydeuces kills the Bebrycian king Amycus with a pair of these objects made of cowhide.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One of these author's characters receives an aquamarine bowl at a \"house-heating\" party where he is fired by Dr. Hagen. A character is misled by a magazine that misprints \"mountain\" as \"fountain\" in a story about a woman's near-death experience in one of his novels, while another features a recurring motif in which a hotel where the main characters sleep together and another character's play are among the things called a variant of \"The (*) Enchanted Hunter\". This author who wrote about an employee of Waindell College in Pnin also created Charles Kinbote, who believes himself to be the King of Zembla and provides commentary on a 999-line poem by John Shade. For 10 points, name this author of Pale Fire who wrote about Humbert Humbert in Lolita.", "answer": "Vladimir Nabokov [or Vladimir Vladirmirovich Nabokov]", "page": "Vladimir_Nabokov", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117350, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135399, "tokenizations": [[0, 119], [120, 463], [464, 665], [666, 753]], "first_sentence": "One of these author's characters receives an aquamarine bowl at a \"house-heating\" party where he is fired by Dr. Hagen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Peptide bonds are reduced by this element in the Lowry assay for protein concentration. Complex IV of the ETC relies on iron and this element exchanging electrons. This element's tetraammine complex is colored indigo, making it a great detector for ammonia. The original high-temperature superconductors were oxides of this element. It only forms +1 and +2 oxidation states. This element and (*) zinc made up a Daniell cell, the prototypical galvanic cell. The standard for electrical conductivity is given relative to this element. This element reacts with carbonates to form verdigris. It alloys with both zinc and tin to make brass and bronze respectively. For 10 points, name this metal found right above silver and gold on the Periodic Table. ", "answer": "copper [or Cu]", "page": "Copper", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117349, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135400, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 163], [164, 257], [258, 332], [333, 374], [375, 456], [457, 532], [533, 587], [588, 659], [660, 747]], "first_sentence": "Peptide bonds are reduced by this element in the Lowry assay for protein concentration.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "During this conflict, Leon Chester Thrasher died on the Falaba. In this war, Ralph Va Deman helped organize groups like the Terrible Threateners into the American Protective League and people volunteered as \"Four Minute Men\"to make short propaganda speeches. The profitable munitions industry of this war was later investigated by the Nye Committee. During this war, the Committee on Public Information was led by (*) George Creel. The U.S. Food Administration was created during this war and was headed by Herbert Hoover.  Charles Evans Hughes ran for president a year before America entered this war in response to the Zimmerman Telegram. For 10 points, Woodrow Wilson claimed that \"he kept us out of\" what war in his 1916 presidential campaign?", "answer": "World War I [or First World War; or WWI; or the Great War]", "page": "World_War_I", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117348, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135401, "tokenizations": [[0, 63], [64, 258], [259, 349], [350, 431], [432, 524], [524, 640], [641, 747]], "first_sentence": "During this conflict, Leon Chester Thrasher died on the Falaba.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Alexander Kashlinsky used the term \"dark flow\" to describe an unexplained for of this quantity in galaxy clusters. The statistical dispersion of this quantity for an elliptical galaxy is related to its luminosity by the Faber-Jackson relation. This quantity's value relative to a rest frame is called the \"peculiar type of it, and it is not explained by (*) Hubble's Law. The change in this quantity is related to the logarithm of the initial mass divided by the final mass by the rocket equation. By setting the kinetic energy equal tot he potential energy, one can derive the minimum value for this quantity for an object to escape from a body's gravitational field. For 10 points, name this quantity, the time derivative of position.", "answer": "velocity [or motion; or speed] ", "page": "Velocity", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117347, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135402, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 243], [244, 371], [372, 497], [498, 668], [669, 736]], "first_sentence": "Alexander Kashlinsky used the term \"dark flow\" to describe an unexplained for of this quantity in galaxy clusters.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The mnemonic \"CLORPT\" summarizes Hans Jenny's state equation for these materials' formation. Ammonium acetate extraction is a way to measure the cation exchange capacity of these materials. The composition of these materials distinguishes edaphic communities. Their USDA classification has 12 orders, of which inceptisols and entisols are the most common. If their effective stress is near zero, these materials may undergo (*) liquefaction, as when they are saturated. They form from a parent material through the process of pedogenesis. The profiles of these materials are divided into layers called horizons, and they contain decayed organic matter called humus as well as sand and silt. For 10 points, name these mixtures of weathered rock that support plant life.", "answer": "soils", "page": "Soil", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117286, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135463, "tokenizations": [[0, 92], [93, 189], [190, 259], [260, 355], [356, 469], [470, 538], [539, 690], [691, 768]], "first_sentence": "The mnemonic \"CLORPT\" summarizes Hans Jenny's state equation for these materials' formation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a Johann Wolfgang von Goethe work named for this genre, a ferryman refuses payment in gold and demands to be paid in vegetables instead. Andrew Lang produced books of twelve different colors which contained these works, including \"Allerleirauh\" (all-err-\"lie\"-rau). In one work of this type, members of the title group stand on top of each other to observe and foil a group of thieves in a cottage. In German, these works are called (*) m\u00c3\u00a4rchen (\"mare\"-chen). In another work in this genre, the title characters are abandoned in the forest by their woodcutter father before they encounter an edible house. For 10 points, name this type of story, examples of which include \"The Town Musicians of Bremen\" and \"Hansel and Gretel\", which appear in a collection by the Brothers Grimm.", "answer": "fairy tales [or folk tales; accept M\u00c3\u00a4rchen before mention; do not accept \"fables\"] ", "page": "Fairy_tale", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117285, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135464, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 268], [269, 401], [402, 463], [464, 609], [610, 783]], "first_sentence": "In a Johann Wolfgang von Goethe work named for this genre, a ferryman refuses payment in gold and demands to be paid in vegetables instead.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Along with chlorophyll and three iron-sulfur proteins, a form of this compound serves as an early electron acceptor in photosystem I, and is known as phylloquinone. In animals, this compound serves as a cofactor for reactions that gamma-carboxylate glutamate receptors into Gla receptors. The epoxide form of this vitamin is reduced by an enzyme targeted by the drug (*) Warfarin. This vitamin, which is abundant in green leafy vegetables, is needed to activate factors II, VII, IX, and X, and along with vitamins A, D, and E, it is fat- soluble. Hematomas and bruising can result from a deficiency of this vitamin, which is symptomatically similar to hemophilia. For 10 points, name this vitamin important for blood clotting.", "answer": "Vitamin K [or phylloquinone before mentioned; or menaquinones]", "page": "Vitamin_K", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117284, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135465, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 164], [165, 288], [289, 380], [381, 546], [547, 663], [664, 726]], "first_sentence": "Along with chlorophyll and three iron-sulfur proteins, a form of this compound serves as an early electron acceptor in photosystem", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During this campaign, William Scurry invented a self-firing \"drip\" rifle whose trigger was attached to a tin can. After the Battle of Scimitar Hill ended this campaign's failed August Offensive, Charles Monro replaced Ian Hamilton as Allied commander. At its beginning, minefields sank three Allied warships, prompting landings at Kum Kale and Cape Helles to clear surrounding artillery. It forced (*) Winston Churchill to resign as First Lord of the Admiralty and inflicted heavy casualties upon New Zealander and Australian forces, who are remembered on ANZAC Day. The Allied forces in this campaign were repelled by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. For 10 points, name this failed amphibious campaign against the Ottoman Empire in World War I. ", "answer": "Gallipoli Campaign [accept anything that mentions Gallipoli; accept Dardanelles Campaign; accept Battle of Canakkale] ", "page": "Gallipoli_Campaign", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117283, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135466, "tokenizations": [[0, 113], [114, 251], [252, 387], [388, 566], [567, 641], [642, 736]], "first_sentence": "During this campaign, William Scurry invented a self-firing \"drip\" rifle whose trigger was attached to a tin can.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character in this novel leads a revolution aiming to smash all of his country's clocks in defiance of  the Empress. A character in this novel is forced to eat his own excrement by the immigration officers Novak and Stein, and after he finally returns home he loses his job on The Aliens and finds his wife Pamela Lovelace having an affair. Dreams in this novel include one in which Ayesha leads a pilgrimage into the ocean and one in which (*) Jahilia is conquered by Mahound. Allie Cone is killed by a character in this novel who develops schizophrenia after surviving a fall from an exploding airplane. Saladin Chamcha and Gibreel Farishta are the main characters of, for 10 points, which novel, for which Ayatollah Khomeini declared a fatwa on its author Salman Rushdie?", "answer": "The Satanic Verses", "page": "The_Satanic_Verses", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117282, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135467, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 341], [342, 478], [479, 606], [607, 775]], "first_sentence": "A character in this novel leads a revolution aiming to smash all of his country's clocks in defiance of  the Empress.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This mountain range is home to the exclave of Llivia, which was unintentionally created by a 17th- century treaty ceding all of Llivia's surroundings. This mountain range was southwest of the historical border region of Septimania. The motto \"Virtus unita fortior\" appears on the coat of arms of a sovereign entity in this range, whose coat of arms shows the miter hat of its co-leader, the (*) Bishop of Urgell, in the upper-left. Five citadels known as the \"Sons of Carcassonne\" were built along this mountain range, where pilgrims to the Rosary Basilica honor the Lady of Lourdes. This range's Roncevaux Pass opens out near Basque country. For 10 points, name this mountain range home to Andorra, on the border between Spain and France.", "answer": "Pyrenees [or Pirineos] ", "page": "Pyrenees", "category": "Geography", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117281, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135468, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 231], [232, 431], [432, 583], [584, 642], [643, 739]], "first_sentence": "This mountain range is home to the exclave of Llivia, which was unintentionally created by a 17th- century treaty ceding all of Llivia's surroundings.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One instance of this activity is performed until the first star is seen in the evening sky, and is called the \"Paramony,\" or \"Preparation.\" Some Pentecostals practice the particularly severe \"Black\" type. Isaiah 58:6-7 rebukes Israel for not performing the \"acceptable\" type of this activity by caring for the poor and oppressed. By preaching that this activity should not be mandatory, (*) Huldrych Zwingli kickstarted the Reformation in Switzerland. The four main seasons for this activity in Christianity include three named for the Dormition, the Nativity, the Apostles, and one starting on Ash Wednesday in which people often give up a luxury in lieu of performing this action. For 10 points, name this activity performed for forty days during Lent by not eating meat.", "answer": "fasting [or abstaining from food; or abstinence from food; or not eating; accept not eating meat and other answers specific to certain foods] ", "page": "Fasting", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117280, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135469, "tokenizations": [[0, 139], [140, 204], [205, 329], [330, 390], [391, 451], [452, 682], [683, 773]], "first_sentence": "One instance of this activity is performed until the first star is seen in the evening sky, and is called the \"Paramony,\" or \"Preparation.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Three statues of sacred oxen are located at a site in this empire's Roluos group of monuments. The people of this empire believed that its king spent every night with a nine-headed snake woman in a golden tower, according to Zhou Daguan's account of this empire. Raids on this kingdom by the Champas damaged its irrigation network, which used water tanks called (*) barays. This empire was preceded by the Funan Kingdom and the Chenla Kingdom. This empire was home to a site featuring many giant statues of smiling heads, Bayon. Several kings named Jayavarman and Suryavarman ruled this empire, which also built a massive temple complex designed to look like Mount Meru. For 10 points, name this Cambodian empire which built Angkor Wat.", "answer": "Khmer Empire [or Angkor Empire until \"Angkor\" is read; prompt on Kampuchea or Cambodia]", "page": "Khmer_Empire", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117279, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135470, "tokenizations": [[0, 94], [95, 262], [263, 373], [374, 443], [444, 528], [529, 670], [671, 736]], "first_sentence": "Three statues of sacred oxen are located at a site in this empire's Roluos group of monuments.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Colin Turnbull depicted one culture from this landmass as callous and alienated in The Mountain People. Richard B. Lee's work on one culture on this landmass led Marshall Sahlins to use them as an example of \"the original affluent society.\" One culture on this landmass tells the future using termites and a ritual called benge (BEN-gay). E. E. Evans-Pritchard studied this landmass's (*) Nuer and the Azande (uh-ZAN-dee) people. This continent is the origin of the L0 (L zero) haplogroup and Mitochondrial Eve. This continent is home to nearly all click languages. The multiregional origin hypothesis competes with one termed \"out- of-\" this continent, where Lucy the fossil was discovered. For 10 points, name this continent where humans are thought to have originated that is south of Europe.", "answer": "Africa", "page": "Africa_(Petrarch)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117278, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135471, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 239], [239, 240], [241, 338], [339, 429], [430, 511], [512, 565], [566, 691], [692, 795]], "first_sentence": "Colin Turnbull depicted one culture from this landmass as callous and alienated in The Mountain People.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One member of this family uses an analogy where if B picks up A's hat, B should not examine A's face for gratitude to explain why he does not expect his family to miss him, and requests books by authors like Guy de Maupassant in \"Hapworth 16, 1924\". Eloise Wengler regrets marrying her husband Lew rather than a member of this family named Walt. Lane Coutell dates a member of this family who repeats the (*) Jesus prayer over and over, and another member goes swimming at a beach with Sybil Carpenter before shooting himself. This family's members include Franny, Zooey, and Seymour, the last of whom appears in \"Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenter\" and \"A Perfect Day for Bananafish\". For 10 points, name this literary family created by J.D. Salinger.", "answer": "The Glass Family", "page": "Glass_family", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117277, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135472, "tokenizations": [[0, 249], [250, 345], [346, 526], [527, 686], [687, 753]], "first_sentence": "One member of this family uses an analogy where if B picks up A's hat, B should not examine A's face for gratitude to explain why he does not expect his family to miss him, and requests books by authors like Guy de Maupassant in \"Hapworth 16, 1924\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Bryan and Cox conducted influential work in modeling these things. A ground-breaking experiment that studied these things was the TOPEX satellite. Walter Munk's influential circulation model for these things built on the work of Sverdrup. Transgression and regression are eustatic changes for these structures. Curtis Ebbesmeyer, who studies these structures, found that a collection of (*) garbage moves in accordance with their gyres. Fridtjof Nansen discovered that wind stress on these things creates an Ekman spiral. Density gradients in these things are driven by the thermohaline circulation. The bottom of these things is bounded by the abyssal plain. For 10 points, name these bodies of water that include the Atlantic and Pacific.", "answer": "oceans [or seas; do not accept \"lakes\"] ", "page": "Ocean", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117276, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135473, "tokenizations": [[0, 66], [67, 146], [147, 238], [239, 310], [311, 436], [437, 521], [522, 599], [600, 659], [660, 740]], "first_sentence": "Bryan and Cox conducted influential work in modeling these things.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This leader spent three days in house arrest during an event masterminded by the \"Gang of Eight.\" More than a hundred civilians were killed on Black January after this leader ordered an invasion of Baku. This leader encouraged small-scale private ownership with his Law on Cooperatives and urged economic acceleration with his slogan uskoreniye. Cartoonists often poked fun at the port wine-colored (*) birthmark on this leader's forehead. A coup against this man was defeated by his successor, who spoke from atop the turret of a tank. This leader withdrew his country's troops from Afghanistan and pursued the duel policies of \"openness\" and \"restructuring.\" For 10 points, name this coiner of the terms glasnost and perestroika, the final leader of the Soviet Union.", "answer": "Mikhail Gorbachev [or Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev] ", "page": "Mikhail_Gorbachev", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117275, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135474, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [96, 203], [204, 345], [346, 439], [440, 536], [537, 660], [661, 769]], "first_sentence": "This leader spent three days in house arrest during an event masterminded by the \"Gang of Eight.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Calvin Bridges sketched a specific type of these structures that contain diffuse regions called Balbiani rings and puffs. Many plants and fungi contain extra \"B\" examples of these structures. In a widely-used technique, G-banding stains these structures. The two arms of these structures are denoted with the letters \"p\" and \"q.\" Salivary glands in Drosophila are home to over-sized, (*) \"polytene\" examples of these structures. Miller-Dieker syndrome and cri-du-chat are examples of abnormalities in these structures, called \"aneuploidies.\" Three of these structures are present in trisomies like Down syndrome, and can be easily visualized in a karyotype. For 10 points, name these DNA-containing structures that humans have 23 pairs of.", "answer": "chromosomes [accept specific kinds, like polytene chromosomes and B chromosomes] ", "page": "Chromosome", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117274, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135475, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 191], [192, 254], [255, 428], [429, 540], [540, 657], [658, 739]], "first_sentence": "Calvin Bridges sketched a specific type of these structures that contain diffuse regions called Balbiani rings and puffs.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The founder of this movement was inspired to develop its style by the stained glass windows he made for the De Lange (LAHN-guh) House. It's not Cubism, but one member of this group created the abstract painting The Gray Tree after his more realistic The Red Tree. A house in this style has an upper floor which can be divided in three using sliding panels. That house was designed for the (*) Schr\u00c3\u00b6der Family by Gerrit Rietveld. Another member of this movement limited himself to mostly primary colors in a painting in which  a yellow grid represents the streets of Manhattan. For 10 points, name this Dutch art movement which produced Broadway Boogie Woogie, and whose members included Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian.", "answer": "De Stijl [or the Style or Neoplasticism]", "page": "De_Stijl", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117273, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135476, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 263], [264, 356], [357, 429], [430, 577], [578, 724]], "first_sentence": "The founder of this movement was inspired to develop its style by the stained glass windows he made for the De Lange (LAHN-guh) House.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A 2011 play about this character was produced in collaboration between Rokia Traore, Peter Sellars, and Toni Morrison. According to some historians, performing this role made Margaret Hughes the first professional actress in England. She mentions a \"poor soul\" who \"sat sighing by the sycamore tree\" while reciting a ditty learned from her mother's maid Barbara, her \"willow song\". This character is compared to a \"white ewe\" in a scene in which (*) Roderigo and another character wake her father Brabantio. Her handkerchief is picked up by Emilia, after which it is used to frame Michael Cassio in a scheme that results in this character being suffocated to death. For 10 points, name this Shakespearean character who is murdered after Iago dupes her husband Othello.", "answer": "Desdemona", "page": "Desdemona", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117272, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135477, "tokenizations": [[0, 118], [119, 233], [234, 381], [382, 507], [508, 665], [666, 768]], "first_sentence": "A 2011 play about this character was produced in collaboration between Rokia Traore, Peter Sellars, and Toni Morrison.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 1688, an empire in what became this country executed the Greek-born missionary Constantine Phaulkon. The phrase \"mai pen rai,\" which loosely means \"No problem,\" is used commonly in this country, where dance dramas known as khon are based largely on foreign epics. This country allied with Japan and the Axis Powers on the same week as the Pearl Harbor attack. This country, the non-United Kingdom signatory of the (*) Bowring treaty, is home to biologically-male people who present as women called kathoey, or \"ladyboys.\" The resort island of Phuket is off this country's portion of the Isthmus of Kra in the Andaman Sea. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian country led by King Rama IX, which Westerners once called Siam.", "answer": "Thailand [or Prathet Thai]", "page": "Thailand", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117271, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135478, "tokenizations": [[0, 103], [104, 266], [267, 362], [363, 523], [523, 624], [625, 729]], "first_sentence": "In 1688, an empire in what became this country executed the Greek-born missionary Constantine Phaulkon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In geomelting, radioactive waste is turned into this type of material. Lyophilization of pharmaceuticals occurs at a temperature named for this material. At that temperature, polymers supercooled beyond the \"rubber\" state transition into a state named for this material. Sensitive pH electrodes are made out of this material. Primary network formers of this substance, like phosphorous oxide, have a decreased melting point because of fluxes, like (*) potash. Hydrofluoric acid reacts with this material to give silicon fluorides. Boric oxide is mixed into this material to prevent thermal expansion. It consists of amorphous silicon oxide. For 10 points, name this material used to make Pyrex beakers and flasks.", "answer": "glasses [or spin glasses; or glass transition temperature; or glass electrodes] ", "page": "Glasses", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117270, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135479, "tokenizations": [[0, 70], [71, 153], [154, 270], [271, 325], [326, 459], [460, 530], [531, 600], [601, 640], [641, 713]], "first_sentence": "In geomelting, radioactive waste is turned into this type of material.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A piano piece of this type in A minor begins with a four-bar lento fragment of the main theme before suddenly switching to allegro con brio for the rest of the piece. Claude Debussy's first book of these pieces is organized by intervals, and the first piece in that book was inspired by Carl Czerny. Franz Liszt wrote \"Paysage\" and \"Feux Follets\" as two of his (*) 12 exceedingly difficult \"Transcendental\" pieces of this type. Pieces of this type make up Frederic Chopin's Opus 10 and 25, which include ones nicknamed \"Winter Wind\" and \"Tristesse,\" as well as a piece supposedly inspired by Poland's November Uprising, which is often called the \"Revolutionary.\" For 10 points, name these pieces which focus on improving technique.", "answer": "etudes [or studies]", "page": "\u00c9tude", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117269, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135480, "tokenizations": [[0, 166], [167, 299], [300, 427], [428, 662], [663, 731]], "first_sentence": "A piano piece of this type in A minor begins with a four-bar lento fragment of the main theme before suddenly switching to allegro con brio for the rest of the piece.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A play by this author ends with a student warning the audience about the inescapability of sin after the main character reveals that the hyacinth girl is the daughter of the Colonel. Many of this author's chamber plays were staged in his \"Intimate Theater\". In another play by this man, the Officer spends years pining for the actress Victoria and visits Foulstrand and Fairhaven after rescuing Agnes, the daughter of (*) Indra. The reversal of power between the upper and lower classes is represented by Serena the canary's decapitation in a work by this author of A Dream Play and The Ghost Sonata. In that play by this man, the Count arrives shortly before the title character takes a razor from Jean to commit suicide. For 10 points, name this Swedish author of Miss Julie. ", "answer": "August Strindberg [or Johan August Strindberg] ", "page": "August_Strindberg", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117268, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135481, "tokenizations": [[0, 182], [183, 257], [258, 428], [429, 600], [601, 722], [723, 777]], "first_sentence": "A play by this author ends with a student warning the audience about the inescapability of sin after the main character reveals that the hyacinth girl is the daughter of the Colonel.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The metacentric point is the intersection of two vectors representing this force. This force is represented by the isothermal compressibility times temperature difference between surroundings and surface in the numerator of the Grashof number, which compares it to viscous forces. The magnitude of this force is assumed not to be constant in the Boussinesq approximation. In a gas, the neutral type of this force exactly balances (*) gravity. This force opposes the direction of the hydrostatic pressure gradient, and its magnitude equals the density times gravity times the volume of an object. The center of this force must be close to the center of gravity for a ship to be stable. For 10 points, name this force whose magnitude is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced and which causes objects to float.", "answer": "buoyancy [or the buoyant force] ", "page": "Buoyancy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117267, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135482, "tokenizations": [[0, 81], [82, 280], [281, 371], [372, 442], [443, 595], [596, 684], [685, 812]], "first_sentence": "The metacentric point is the intersection of two vectors representing this force.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "During the 1960 presidential campaign, a woman with this married name was telephoned by John F. Kennedy after her husband was jailed for driving with an out-of-state license. George Holliday videotaped a notorious action carried out against a man with this last name by Stacey Koon. A man with this surname gave the controversial speech, \"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence\" in 1967. That same man never had a chance to organize a (*) Poor People's March after stopping over to support a strike by sanitation workers. The acquittal of police officers who beat a man with this surname sparked riots that damaged much of Koreatown in LA in 1992. For 10 points, give this surname shared by the man shot by James Earl Ray and who gave the \"I Have a Dream\" speech.", "answer": "King [or Coretta Scott King; or Rodney King; or Martin Luther King, Jr.]", "page": "King", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117266, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135483, "tokenizations": [[0, 174], [175, 282], [283, 388], [389, 522], [523, 648], [649, 764]], "first_sentence": "During the 1960 presidential campaign, a woman with this married name was telephoned by John F. Kennedy after her husband was jailed for driving with an out-of-state license.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An annual festival devoted to this dance is held in the Finnish town of Seinajoki, which was hit by a worldwide craze over this dance in 1913. The International and American styles of this dance are characterized by an 8-count basic step. Music for this dance often features a bandone\u00c3\u00b3n, a type of accordion imported from Germany. The French-born Carlos Gardel was its leading vocalist during the early 20th century, and its popular tunes include (*) \"El Choclo\" and \"La Cumparsita,\" the latter of which is danced by Jack Lemmon in Some Like it Hot. Astor Piazzola blended it with jazz and classical music, and it was popularized in the U.S. by Rudolph Valentino in Four Horseman of the Apocalypse. For 10 points, name this partner dance from Argentina and Uruguay.", "answer": "tango", "page": "Tango", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117265, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135484, "tokenizations": [[0, 142], [143, 238], [239, 331], [332, 453], [453, 484], [485, 545], [546, 550], [551, 699], [700, 766]], "first_sentence": "An annual festival devoted to this dance is held in the Finnish town of Seinajoki, which was hit by a worldwide craze over this dance in 1913.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This person once poisons a mantle richly decorated with precious stones, but the gift is not delivered since its bearer is burnt to coals. In another story, this person makes a replica of an object that protects its bearer from dying from blood loss, giving the real one to Sir Accalon of Gaul. This person is described peddling healing ointments at the wedding of Erec and Enide by Chretien de Troyes, who calls her a \"chief physician.\" This unhappy wife of Urien gives her name to a (*) mirage seen off the coast of Sicily. She unsuccessfully competes for the affection of Lancelot with Guinevere. Along with Morgause, this woman is a daughter of Igraine and Gorlois, making her a half sister to Arthur. For 10 points, name this wicked sorceress in Arthurian myth.", "answer": "Morgan le Fey [or Morgane; or Morgaine; or Fata Morgana] ", "page": "Morgan_le_Fay", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117264, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135485, "tokenizations": [[0, 138], [139, 294], [295, 436], [436, 525], [526, 599], [600, 705], [706, 766]], "first_sentence": "This person once poisons a mantle richly decorated with precious stones, but the gift is not delivered since its bearer is burnt to coals.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This group is represented by a dove in the Book of the Three Birds, written by a Welsh member of this group named Morgan Llwyd (HLOO-id). A member of this religious group adopted the pseudonym \"Martin Marprelate\" to pen a series of attacks against authorities. A thousand of them presented the king with the Millenary Petition, enabling them to receive a voice at the Hampton Court Conference. The mortal enemy of this religious group was William (*) Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury. Between 1620 and 1640, large numbers of these people left England for Holland, though many were dissatisfied with their lives there. For 10 points, name these English Protestants who settled in New England, whose name is now synonymous with extreme straight-laced piety.", "answer": "Puritans [or Separatists; prompt on Protestants; prompt on Nonconformists; prompt on Dissenters] ", "page": "Puritans", "category": "History", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117263, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135486, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 260], [261, 393], [394, 486], [487, 619], [620, 757]], "first_sentence": "This group is represented by a dove in the Book of the Three Birds, written by a Welsh member of this group named Morgan Llwyd (HLOO-id).", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man is addressed as \"Dear son of memory, great heir of fame\" in a poem titled for him that exclaims \"What need'st thou such weak witness of thy name!\" Erskine becomes obsessed with a theory that this man was in love with a youth named Willie Hughes in a short story by Oscar Wilde. John Milton addressed this man's \"honoured bones\" in a poem titled \"On [him]\". He was praised for writing about \"the genuine progeny of common humanity\" in an introduction to his works by (*) Samuel Johnson. He's not Edward Gibbon, but his works were heavily censored by Thomas Bowdler. Virginia Woolf imagined the disadvantages that would have been faced by this man's imaginary sister, Judith, growing up in Stratford-upon- Avon. For 10 points, name this English author of As You Like It.", "answer": "William Shakespeare", "page": "William_Shakespeare", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117262, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135487, "tokenizations": [[0, 155], [156, 286], [287, 365], [366, 494], [495, 573], [574, 718], [719, 761], [762, 777]], "first_sentence": "This man is addressed as \"Dear son of memory, great heir of fame\" in a poem titled for him that exclaims \"What need'st thou such weak witness of thy name!\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Examples of these people include the kauwa in Hawaii. In 1962, about 300,000 of these people benefitted from the Ten-Point Program put forth by Faisal in Saudi Arabia. These people were helped by the Somerset case in England, and examples in Greece included the penestae of Thessaly. In South America, descendants of these people were the subject of a law named for a kind of (*) \"womb.\" These people were helped by the passage of the Golden Law under Isabella, regent for Pedro II in Brazil. In England, a prominent critic of the treatment of these people was William Wilberforce. Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights outlaws the creation of these people. For 10 points, name these people, the subject of the Thirteenth Amendment, which emancipated them.", "answer": "slaves [or unfree people; prompt on serfs] ", "page": "Slavery", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117261, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135488, "tokenizations": [[0, 167], [168, 283], [284, 386], [386, 492], [493, 581], [582, 674], [675, 773]], "first_sentence": "Examples of these people include the kauwa in Hawaii. In 1962, about 300,000 of these people benefitted from the Ten-Point Program put forth by Faisal in Saudi Arabia.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Using Knuth's notation, this number can be written as 2, followed by 5 up arrows, followed by another 2. For a set of this many mutually tangent circles, Descartes' theorem gives the radius of one of them given the rest. The only case of Fermat's last theorem actually proved by Fermat is when n equals this number. This is the smallest number of elements in a non-cyclic group; that group is named for Felix (*) Klein. This is the largest degree of polynomials for which there is a general solution, by the Abel-Ruffini theorem. Appel and Haken were assisted by a computer in proving that only this many colors were needed to color a map. This is the smallest number of vertices a Platonic solid can have. For 10 points, give this number of faces of a tetrahedron.", "answer": "four", "page": "4", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117260, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135489, "tokenizations": [[0, 104], [105, 220], [221, 315], [316, 419], [420, 529], [530, 639], [640, 706], [707, 765]], "first_sentence": "Using Knuth's notation, this number can be written as 2, followed by 5 up arrows, followed by another 2.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Transact extension to this language introduces try/catch blocks, local variables, and other concepts taken from procedural languages. Although this language does not natively support regular expressions, the percent sign can be used for wildcard matching in it. The concepts of this language can be used in .NET languages through LINQ. This language was developed from the relational algebra defined by Ted (*) Codd. Filtering in this language is achieved by using the WHERE clause. Different tables can be combined in this language using the JOIN keyword. This language is used against entities which support the ACID guarantees in their rows and columns. For 10 points, name this programming language used to query databases.", "answer": "SQL (\"sequel\" or \"S-Q-L\") [or Structured Query Language] ", "page": "SQL", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117259, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135490, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 265], [266, 339], [340, 420], [421, 486], [487, 560], [561, 660], [661, 731]], "first_sentence": "The Transact extension to this language introduces try/catch blocks, local variables, and other concepts taken from procedural languages.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A novel by this author repeatedly references a pair of pink teacups and contains a scene in which a crowd watches the installation of a red record player called a gumba-gumba. One of this author's title characters watches children play with guinea fowl eggs and discovers a magazine about homosexuality in his son's bag. Another of this author's protagonists is bothered by a Life (*) magazine photo depicting her childhood servant Lydia carrying her schoolbooks. The body of an unidentified man is buried at Mehring's farm in one novel by this author, while another ends with Maureen running after a helicopter and follows the Smales family, who take refuge in their servant's village. For 10 points, name this South African author of The Conservationist and July's People.", "answer": "Nadine Gordimer", "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117258, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135491, "tokenizations": [[0, 175], [176, 320], [321, 463], [464, 686], [687, 774]], "first_sentence": "A novel by this author repeatedly references a pair of pink teacups and contains a scene in which a crowd watches the installation of a red record player called a gumba-gumba.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Prior to this event, its goals were advocated by the \"zero networks,\" secret societies set up by the \"Clan de Madame.\" The international response to this event was criticized in Shake Hands with the Devil, a memoir by the Canadian general Romeo Dallaire. Many participants in this event escaped via a controversial \"safe zone\" established by French forces in Operation Turquoise. It began after the RTLM (*) radio station issued the coded phrase \"Cut down the tall trees\" in response to the shooting down of President Juvenal Habyarimana's airplane. The Interahamwe militias primarily perpetrated this event, which forced millions of refugees into neighboring Zaire. For 10 points, name this 1994 mass killing of Tutsis by Hutus.", "answer": "Rwandan Genocide [or obvious equivalents] ", "page": "Rwandan_genocide", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117257, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135492, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [117, 254], [255, 379], [380, 549], [550, 666], [667, 729]], "first_sentence": "Prior to this event, its goals were advocated by the \"zero networks,\" secret societies set up by the \"Clan de Madame.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A large reorganization energy can make reactions of this type that are strongly exergonic enter an inverted region. Cofactor recycling is used in enzymatic catalysis of this type of reaction. These reactions can proceed via an inner-sphere or outer-sphere mechanism. These reactions are balanced for oxygen and hydrogen by adding water, then (*) protons, to each side. A reactivity series is used to determine if these reactions will occur, since they often result in single-displacements. Potassium permanganate is used as an indicator for these reactions. They only occur if the cell potential is positive, when modelled as half-reactions in galvanic cells. For 10 points, name this type of reaction which involves electron transfer.", "answer": "redox reactions [or reduction-oxidations; or oxidation-reductions; or electron transfer until it is read; prompt on reductions or oxidations specifically] ", "page": "Redox", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117256, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135493, "tokenizations": [[0, 115], [116, 191], [192, 266], [267, 368], [369, 489], [490, 557], [558, 659], [660, 735]], "first_sentence": "A large reorganization energy can make reactions of this type that are strongly exergonic enter an inverted region.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A poem set in this city is about woman who \"whispered a song\" to \"Mal Waldron/ and everyone and I stopped breathing\". The author of \"The Day Lady Died\" and Lunch Poems was part of a \"school\" named for this city that also included the author of \"Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror\". A long poem about a structure in this modern city includes sections titled \"Ave Maria\" and \"Powhatan's Daughter\". Frank O'Hara ad John (*) Asbery worked in this city, which is home to the title structure of Hart Crane's \"the Bridge\" Another landmark in this displays the text of a sonnet called \"The New Colossus\"by Emma Lazarus. For 10 points, name this city, where the lines \"Give me tired, your poor, your huddled masses\" appears on the Statue of Liberty", "answer": "New York City [or NYC]", "page": "New_York_City", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117255, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135494, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 279], [280, 393], [394, 512], [513, 609], [610, 737]], "first_sentence": "A poem set in this city is about woman who \"whispered a song\" to \"Mal Waldron/ and everyone and I stopped breathing\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The patent case Diamond v. Chakrabarty greatly affected the law concerning these things. Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer worked to create another of these goods. Connecticut and Maine have passed laws to enforce new regulations on these things once enough other states pass similar bills. Vandana Shiva has linked these things to a rash of suicides in Maharashtra, India. In 2014, Vermont became the first state to pass a \"right to know\" law concerning these things; that bill caused a rift between Unilever and its subsidiary, (*) Ben & Jerry's. The designation \"RoundUp-Ready\" is given to many of these goods to indicate resistance to glyphosate. For 10 points, name this type of crop central to the business model of Monsanto, exemplified by Vitamin A-enriched Golden Rice.", "answer": "GMOs [or genetically modified organisms; or genetically modified crops; or GMO crops; or GMO plants; or GMO alfalfa]", "page": "Genetically_modified_organism", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117254, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135495, "tokenizations": [[0, 88], [89, 159], [160, 286], [287, 369], [370, 548], [549, 650], [651, 778]], "first_sentence": "The patent case Diamond v. Chakrabarty greatly affected the law concerning these things.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a painting by this artist, one of the title characters sits in the shadow of a statue of Roma while clutching a paper edict as if in regret. That man stares at the viewer rather than at the stretcher behind the statue. In another of this artist's paintings, a man covers his eyes in anguish with his left hand, while passing along a goblet with his right. This artist of The (*) Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of his Sons depicted Plato sitting dejectedly at the foot of a bed while his teacher points his left index finger skyward and prepares to consume hemlock. He also depicted three brothers saluting their father while their mother and sisters weep. For 10 points, name this painter of The Death of Socrates and Oath of the Horatii.", "answer": "Jacques-Louis David", "page": "Jacques-Louis_David", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117253, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135496, "tokenizations": [[0, 143], [144, 221], [222, 358], [359, 571], [572, 662], [663, 745]], "first_sentence": "In a painting by this artist, one of the title characters sits in the shadow of a statue of Roma while clutching a paper edict as if in regret.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "For lying to this deity, Galanthis is turned into a weasel. Biton and Clobis pull a cart for 45 stadia to a festival dedicated to this deity, who rewards them by allowing them to die in their sleep. This goddess transforms Lamia into a child-eating demon and strikes Athamas with insanity, casing his wife Ino to leap in to the ocean. This goddess loses a contest over whether men or women (*) enjoy sex more. A cloud-like imitation of this goddess named Nephele is the target of Ixion's affections. This goddess takes away Echo's voice, and orders the hundred-eyed watchman Argos to guard a cow that she later torments with a stinging gadfly because it is her husband's lover Io. For 10 points, name this jealous wife of Zeus. ", "answer": "Hera [or Juno]", "page": "Hera", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117252, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135497, "tokenizations": [[0, 198], [199, 334], [335, 409], [410, 499], [500, 680], [681, 727]], "first_sentence": "For lying to this deity, Galanthis is turned into a weasel. Biton and Clobis pull a cart for 45 stadia to a festival dedicated to this deity, who rewards them by allowing them to die in their sleep.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Six root two, times pi to the three halves, over the natural logarithm of the namesake parameter of these systems is used to calculate the Coulomb collision time. The magnetic diffusivity is used in the Reynolds number for these systems. Filaments in these systems get pinched inward due to external magnetic fields. Although these systems are (*) \"quasi-neutral\", redistribution of electrons in them forms an electrostatic sheath to screen out electric fields. Toroidal field lines are necessary to confine these substances stably, as in a tokamak. These extremely conductive substances can form when gas is ionized. For 10 points, name this \"fourth\" state of matter.", "answer": "plasma [prompt on conductors]", "page": "Plasma_(physics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117251, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135498, "tokenizations": [[0, 162], [163, 237], [238, 316], [317, 461], [462, 549], [550, 617], [618, 668]], "first_sentence": "Six root two, times pi to the three halves, over the natural logarithm of the namesake parameter of these systems is used to calculate the Coulomb collision time.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The proceeds from the first Washington state screening of Gone With the Wind were forwarded to civilians in this war in an initiative organized by Herbert Hoover. This war began after the attacking side shelled its own village of Mainila in a false flag operation. At the end of this war, the losing side leased the Hanko Peninsula as a naval base. The losing side of this war annihilated a much larger force with the help of (*) ski troopers at the Battle of Suomussalmi, and employed the \"White Death,\" the most successful sniper in world history. It was followed by the Continuation War, and it began when the aggressors crossed the incomplete Mannerheim Line and entered the Isthmus of Karelia. For 10 points, name this 1939 to 1940 war between the Soviet Union and Finland.", "answer": "Winter War [or Talvisota; or Vinterkriget] ", "page": "Winter_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117250, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135499, "tokenizations": [[0, 62], [63, 162], [163, 264], [265, 348], [349, 549], [550, 698], [699, 778]], "first_sentence": "The proceeds from the first Washington state screening of Gone", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A Samuel Huntington book analyzes the professionalization of this institution since the 17th century. The Human Terrain System was criticized by anthropologists for its connections to this institution. The May 15th Incident is an example of gekokujo, or overthrowing one's superiors, within this institution in Japan. The first clause of Article Two Section Two of the Constitution gives the President (*) control over this institution. Dwight Eisenhower's Farewell Address warns of a complex created through the alliance of industry with this institution. In the United States, this institution is subject to civilian control. For 10 points, name this institution controlled in the US by the Department of Defense that includes branches like the Coast Guard, Marines, and Army.", "answer": "the military [or armed forces; accept answers like United States Armed Forces; accept army but do not accept any other branches of the military; do not accept \"Department of Defense\" or \"the Pentagon\"]", "page": "Military", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117249, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135500, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 201], [202, 317], [318, 436], [437, 556], [557, 627], [628, 778]], "first_sentence": "A Samuel Huntington book analyzes the professionalization of this institution since the 17th century.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Guidepost cells direct and organize these structures. By binding to plexins, semaphorins direct the movement of these structures. In these structures, microtubules and F-actin at the \"growth cone\" move toward positive stimuli. The Hodgkin-Huxley model was formulated from data taken from the \"giant\" structure of this kind in squid. The last site of summation prior to this structure occurs at its namesake (*) \"hillock.\" Saltatory conduction takes place at naked sites along this structure known as Nodes of Ranvier. Either oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells supply a substance that insulates these structures. They terminate at synapses. For 10 points, name these often-myelinated long parts of neurons, contrasted with dendrites.", "answer": "axons [prompt on neurons before mentioned; prompt on nerve cells before \"neurons\" is mentioned]", "page": "Axon", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117248, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135501, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 226], [227, 332], [333, 420], [420, 517], [518, 610], [611, 638], [639, 731]], "first_sentence": "Guidepost cells direct and organize these structures. By binding to plexins, semaphorins direct the movement of these structures.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This poet wrote about a woman who is disappointed when she doesn't find \"marble well-governed cities\" and \"athletes at their games\" among the scenes forges into a poem's title object. This man, who collaborated with Chester Kallman on the libretto for Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress, claimed that \"I and the public know\" that \"Those to whom evil is done/ Do evil in return\"in a poem whose speaker sits \"in one of the (*) dives on Fifty-second Street\". Another of his poems laments \"I though that love would last forever: I was wrong\" in describing a man whose death prompts the instruction \"Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone\". For 10 points, name this Anglo-American poet of the \"The Shield of Achilles\", \"Funeral Blues\" and \"September 1, 1939\".", "answer": "W.H. Auden [or Wystan Hugh Auden] ", "page": "W._H._Auden", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117247, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135502, "tokenizations": [[0, 183], [184, 453], [454, 637], [638, 756]], "first_sentence": "This poet wrote about a woman who is disappointed when she doesn't find \"marble well-governed cities\" and \"athletes at their games\" among the scenes forges into a poem's title object.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The precedent set in the case of United States v. Sullivan eventually sealed this man's fate. This man was betrayed by a letter written by his lawyer Lawrence P. Mattingly and a document unearthed by Frank Wilson. This one-time member of the Brooklyn Rippers made an enemy of mayor \"Big Bill\"Thompson. This man once set up a business selling antiques in the Anton Hotel in Cicero. This man's (*) nickname came from an injury incurred while working in this Harvard Inn for Frankie Yale. Subordinates of this man put over 150 bullets into members of Bugs Moran's gang during the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. This gangster was eventually jailed for tax evasion. For 10 points, name this Chicago gangster known as \"Scarface\". ", "answer": "Al Capone [or Alphonse Gabriel Capone; prompt on Scarface] ", "page": "Al_Capone", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117246, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135503, "tokenizations": [[0, 93], [94, 213], [214, 301], [302, 380], [381, 485], [486, 606], [607, 659], [660, 722]], "first_sentence": "The precedent set in the case of United States v. Sullivan eventually sealed this man's fate.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A classic example of this operation exploits the principle of locality of reference in a matrix multiplication algorithm. When performing this operation for C, one might first pass the -pg flag to gcc and then use a tool such as gprof. Loop unrolling is an example of this operation that would be automatically performed by a compiler. A way to perform this operation is to move disk reads to (*) cached in-memory reads. This operation is typically performed by a programmer after using a profiling tool which identifies the program's bottlenecks. For 10 points, name this practice of improving the speed of an algorithm or program.", "answer": "program optimization [or software optimization; or algorithm optimization; or profiling until it is read]", "page": "Program_optimization", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117245, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135504, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 235], [236, 335], [336, 420], [421, 547], [548, 632]], "first_sentence": "A classic example of this operation exploits the principle of locality of reference in a matrix multiplication algorithm.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The architecture firm Populous receives most of its business by designing this kind of building. Eduardo Souto de Moura integrated the rock wall of a quarry into his design for one of these buildings in Braga, Portugal. A two-layered building of this kind was inspired by crazed pottery and features a red concrete main structure surrounded by an irregular steel mesh. That building was a collaboration between (*) Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Weiwei. A building of this type gave a new name to ChemGrass, which was used there because that building featured a domed roof. These buildings include one in Beijing is nicknamed the \"Bird's Nest,\" as well as the Houston Astrodome. For 10 points, name these buildings where spectator sports are played. ", "answer": "stadiums [or arenas; anti-prompt on soccer stadiums or football stadiums or ballparks or similar]", "page": "Stadium", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117244, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135505, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 219], [220, 368], [369, 452], [453, 572], [573, 677], [678, 748]], "first_sentence": "The architecture firm Populous receives most of its business by designing this kind of building.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Leonard Dawe was suspected of leaking information about this event due to the answer selection of his Daily Telegrapher crossword. To spread disinformation before this event, numerous dummy aircraft and airfields were created as part of Operation Fortitude. Its perpetrators modified large numbers of tanks with extendable ramps, flotation screens, or flamethrowers, known as Hobart's (*) Funnies. Artificial Mulberry harbors were developed for this event, which fortuitously happened when Erwin Rommel was on leave for his  wife's birthday. The \"Atlantic Wall\" was challenged by this event, which took place at sites nicknamed Sword, Gold, Juno, Utah, and Omaha. For 10 points, name this June, 6, 1944 Allied invasion of Europe", "answer": "D-Day [or Normandy landings; or Operation Overlord; or Operation Neptune; prompt on Allied invasion of Europe or similar answers]", "page": "Normandy_landings", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117243, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135506, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 257], [258, 397], [398, 541], [542, 663], [664, 728]], "first_sentence": "Leonard Dawe was suspected of leaking information about this event due to the answer selection of his Daily Telegrapher crossword.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Birmingham Temple in Michigan was established by a rabbi with this surname, the founder of Humanistic Judaism. The Chaldeans, the Medes, the Greeks, and the Romans are each represented by a serving of this substance. It is permissible for non-observant Hews to handle the mevushal type of this substance. The words \"boreh p'ri ha-gafen\" are said during the kiddush blessing, recited over this substance during the Friday night of (*) Shabbat. For each of the ten plagues, a drop of this substance is spilled during the seder. It's not matzo, but Manischewitz supplies most of the \"kosher\"type of this substance. For 10 points, name this alcoholic beverage important to many Jewish rituals.", "answer": "grape wine [or grape juice; prompt on alcohol; prompt on juice]", "page": "Wine", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117242, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135507, "tokenizations": [[0, 114], [115, 220], [221, 308], [309, 446], [447, 529], [530, 615], [616, 693]], "first_sentence": "The Birmingham Temple in Michigan was established by a rabbi with this surname, the founder of Humanistic Judaism.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "After dying, a character in this novel opens an eye and shudders when he sees the priest anointing him with oil. At the Governors' Ball in this novel, that character explains that \"free-thinking women are all monsters\", before visiting such a woman at Nikolskoe (\"nee-kol-sko-ye\") and offering her a chemistry textbook. Another character in this novel moves to Maryino after losing Princess (*) R, and winds up falling in love with his brother's maidservant. Two characters marry Katya and Fenichka in this novel, while another character  saves a sick person from typhus, but accidentally infects himself, and reunites with Anna Sergeyevna Odintsova on his deathbed. For 10 points, name this novel about Arkady Kirsanov and his nihilistic friend Bazarov, written by Ivan Turgenev.", "answer": "Fathers and Sons [or Fathers and Children; or Ottsy i Det]", "page": "Fathers_and_Sons_(novel)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117241, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135508, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 319], [320, 458], [459, 666], [667, 780]], "first_sentence": "After dying, a character in this novel opens an eye and shudders when he sees the priest anointing him with oil.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Derek Parfit melded this number of ethical theories into one in his 2011 book On What Matters. A theory about knowledge opposed in a 1966 paper by Edmund Gettier has this many criteria for establishing that \"S knows P\". In an allegory about Chinese philosophies, this many people taste vinegar and all have different reactions. The soul is divisible into this many parts according to Plato's Republic. The \"positive (*) stage\" comes last in a model of this many societal stages proposed by Auguste Comte. Hegel's dialectic is often erroneously divided into this many stages. For 10 points, give this number of Critiques written by Immanuel Kant, also the number of propositions in a classical syllogism that has a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.", "answer": "three [or 3] ", "page": "3", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117240, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135509, "tokenizations": [[0, 77], [78, 94], [95, 219], [220, 327], [328, 401], [402, 504], [505, 574], [575, 763]], "first_sentence": "Derek Parfit melded this number of ethical theories into one in his 2011 book", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A suite by this composer includes an often-omitted part for an ad lib baritone soloist used in places such as its second-movement \"Romance.\" This composer included a \"Battle on the Ice\" in a seven-movement cantata for a mezzo-soprano soloist, which he adapted from his own score to a 1938 film. He wrote the score to a film about a fictional military officer created from a typing error, from which he extracted a suite that includes a fourth-movement (*) \"Troika.\" This composer of Alexander Nevsky and Lieutenant Kije wrote a piece that uses a trio of horns to depict the second title character, whom a narrator describes as being roped by the tail and carried off to a zoo. For 10 points, name this composer of Peter and the Wolf.", "answer": "Sergei Prokofiev [Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev] ", "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 117239, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135510, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 294], [295, 465], [466, 676], [677, 733]], "first_sentence": "A suite by this composer includes an often-omitted part for an ad lib baritone soloist used in places such as its second-movement \"Romance.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This city was home to an artificial harbor with a rectangular outer section for merchants and a circular inner section for its navy, its Great Cothon. It's not Jerusalem, but this city contained the Tophet of Salammbo, a children's cemetary that was probably a site for human sacrifices. According to legend, this city was originally built around the Byrsa citadel, which a (*) queen encircled with cut-out strips of an oxhide to claim as her territory. This city's forces won the battles of Lake Trasimene and Cannae. This city was home to the Magonid dynasty and to generals named Hamilcar and Hasdrubal. FTP, name this North African city that was led by Hannibal Barca during the Second Punic War. ", "answer": "Carthage", "page": "Carthage", "category": "History", "subcategory": "World", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116992, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135757, "tokenizations": [[0, 150], [151, 287], [288, 453], [454, 518], [519, 606], [607, 700]], "first_sentence": "This city was home to an artificial harbor with a rectangular outer section for merchants and a circular inner section for its navy, its Great Cothon.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play claims to have been offered a job at a nightclub in Berlin before rhapsodizing about a concert he supposedly once gave. Several characters in this play worry about the appearance of a large vehicle containing a wheelbarrow. Its central character is barraged with questions like \"why do you force that old man out to play chess?\" and \"Why did you betray the organization?\" During a game of (*) blind man's bluff, the central character of this play attempts to strangle a woman who'd previously given him a drum and also attacks Lulu. This play is set in a boarding house in which Goldberg and McCann take Stanley away after the title celebration, the second by Harold Pinter. ", "answer": "The Birthday Party", "page": "The_Birthday_Party_(play)", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116991, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135758, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 248], [249, 353], [354, 396], [397, 557], [558, 699]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play claims to have been offered a job at a nightclub in Berlin before rhapsodizing about a concert he supposedly once gave.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In engineering, the Newton number is defined as this quantity over density times rotational speed cubed times stirred diameter to the fifth. The integral of the Poynting vector over an exposed surface has units of this quantity, which can be used to show that it equals two-third times charge squared times acceleration squared over the speed of light cubed. The \"reactive\" form of this quantity in an AC circuit, caused by a nonzero phase angle, is measured in (*) volt-amps. The pump head times the volumetric flow rate equals this quantity. This quantity is given by the dot product of net torque and the resulting angular velocity, analogous to its definition of force dot velocity. For 10 points, name this quantity, the energy input per unit time in a system.", "answer": "Power", "page": "Power_(physics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116990, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135759, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 358], [359, 476], [477, 543], [544, 686], [687, 765]], "first_sentence": "In engineering, the Newton number is defined as this quantity over density times rotational speed cubed times stirred diameter to the fifth.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This series uses Bernice Reagon's a cappella rendition of \"We Are Climbing Jacob's Ladder\" as a recurring musical theme. In its first installment, Paul Roebling reads a letter ending \"think I am gone and wait for me, for we shall meet again\" as a Jay Ungar piece plays. Horton Foote and Sam Waterston provide voice-overs for this series, which popularized Sullivan Ballou's final letter to his wife and the composition \"Ashokan Farewell.\" This series features interviews with (*) Shelby Foote and narration by David McCullough. It brought fame to the director's namesake \"effect,\" which in this series zoomed and panned across many historical photographs by Matthew Brady. For 10 points, name this documentary series directed by Ken Burns about a 19th century American conflict.", "answer": "The Civil War ", "page": "Civil_war", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116989, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135760, "tokenizations": [[0, 120], [121, 269], [270, 437], [437, 438], [439, 527], [528, 672], [673, 778]], "first_sentence": "This series uses Bernice Reagon's a cappella rendition of \"We Are Climbing Jacob's Ladder\" as a recurring musical theme.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One division of this organization was mockingly referred to as \"Wisner's Group of Weirdos\". John F. Kennedy reportedly said that he would splinter this organization \"into a thousand pieces and scatter it into the wind.\" The Family Jewels report documents some of this organization's actions. Kermit Roosevelt was employed by this organization to arrange Operation (*) Ajax, in which this organization helped to overthrow Mohammed Mossadegh. Allen Dulles was the longest serving director of this agency that was the successor of the William Donovan-led Office of Strategic Services. For ten points, name this US government agency that is responsible for conducting foreign intelligence. ", "answer": "Central Intelligence Agency [or CIA] ", "page": "Central_Intelligence_Agency", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116988, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135761, "tokenizations": [[0, 91], [92, 218], [218, 219], [220, 291], [292, 440], [441, 581], [582, 685]], "first_sentence": "One division of this organization was mockingly referred to as \"Wisner's Group of Weirdos\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "An infinite version of this shape is the only non-trivial line bundle of the circle. Gluing a disk to this figure gives the real projective plane. Repeatedly dividing up this shape will give rise to paradromic rings. Like the torus, this surface, which is commonly pictured embedded in three-dimensional space, has Euler characteristic zero. It is the simplest (*) non-orientable surface. Two of these shapes are formed by cutting a Klein bottle in half. This shape is often used in conveyor belts, because it allows them to have uniform wear without ever having to be flipped inside out. For 10 points, identify this strange surface with only one side, which can be formed by taping together the ends of a paper rectangle after giving it a twist. ", "answer": "Mobius strip [M\u00c3\u00b6bius strip]", "page": "M\u00f6bius_strip", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116987, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135762, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 146], [147, 216], [217, 341], [342, 388], [389, 454], [455, 588], [589, 747]], "first_sentence": "An infinite version of this shape is the only non-trivial line bundle of the circle.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A museum dedicated to this site but not located on it was designed by Bernard Tschumi and features a rotated top floor in order to align with it instead of the street grid. A colonnaded trapezoid at this site was the urban auxiliary to a structure in Brauron. The Sacred Way from Eleusis ended at a gate guarding the buildings here, which was called the Propylaea. One structure on this site included sculptures of women serving as columns on its (*) Porch of the Caryatids, and another building at this site of the Erechtheion includes a frieze depicting a civic procession. This main building on this site was designed by Iktinos and Kallikrates and was formerly home to the Elgin marbles. For 10 points, name this high outcropping in Athens that is the site of the Parthenon.", "answer": "The Acropolis of Athens", "page": "Acropolis_of_Athens", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116986, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135763, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 259], [260, 364], [365, 575], [576, 691], [692, 778]], "first_sentence": "A museum dedicated to this site but not located on it was designed by Bernard Tschumi and features a rotated top floor in order to align with it instead of the street grid.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Queen Teuta expressly endorsed this activity by law before she lost in the Illyrian Wars. While ruling Samos as tyrant, Polycrates was accused of sending out hundreds of penteconters to engage in this activity. According to Suetonius, a teenage Julius Caesar made good on an offhand joke by returning to crucify dozens of people who did this at Pharmacusa. The Lex Gabinia tried to counter this activity during the 1st century BCE. (*) Cilicia was a base for people who partook in this activity in whats now Turkey. After helping subdue the slave revolt of Spartacus, Pompey the Great got expanded proconsular powers to rid the Mediterranean of this activity. For 10 points name this activity which threatened ancient shipments. ", "answer": "piracy [or being a pirate; or kidnapping; or abduction; prompt on answers such as robbery, theft, naval raid, kidnapping, sailing, etc.] ", "page": "Piracy", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116985, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135764, "tokenizations": [[0, 89], [90, 210], [211, 356], [357, 431], [432, 515], [516, 659], [660, 728]], "first_sentence": "Queen Teuta expressly endorsed this activity by law before she lost in the Illyrian Wars.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This quantity must be the same for each component of an apochromatic triplet. In one approximation, the reciprocal of this quantity equals the index of refraction, minus one, times the difference in the reciprocals of two radii. The inverse of this quantity is measured in diopters and is referred to as power. This quantity is divided by the diameter of the pupil in order to calculate a namesake stop. This quantity over this quantity minus the distance to the (*) object, gives the magnification. This quantity equals half the radius of curvature for a concave mirror. An object placed outside this distance for a convex lens produces an inverted, real image. FTP, name this quantity, the distance from the lens to the point where the light rays converge. ", "answer": "focal length [or f; prompt on partial answer] ", "page": "Focal_length", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116984, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135765, "tokenizations": [[0, 77], [78, 228], [229, 310], [311, 403], [404, 499], [500, 571], [572, 662], [663, 758]], "first_sentence": "This quantity must be the same for each component of an apochromatic triplet.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This philospher referred to the consistent conjunction of virtue and happiness using Cicero's term summum bonum, or highest good. Before G.E. Moore or Wittgenstein, he pointed out the leftness of a free-floating left hand to rebut \"dogmatism\" about absolute space, arguing instead that space and time are \"forms of pure intuition\" within the mind along with twelve (*) \"categories of the understanding\". In his attempt at a \"Copernican revolution in metaphysics,\" this transcendental idealist argues that statements such as \"7+5=12\" can be deduced from simpler propositions without any empirical experience, showing that synthetic a priori truths are possible. FTP, name this Prussian Enlightenment-era philosopher who wrote Critique of Pure Reason. ", "answer": "Immanuel Kant", "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116983, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135766, "tokenizations": [[0, 129], [130, 403], [404, 660], [661, 749]], "first_sentence": "This philospher referred to the consistent conjunction of virtue and happiness using Cicero's term summum bonum, or highest good.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The line \"A cold coming we had of it\" opens a poem by this man in which the speaker asks \"were we led this way for/ Birth or Death?\" That poem's line \"no longer at ease here, in the old dispensation\" inspired the title of a Chinua Achebe novel. \"Three white leopards sat under a juniper-tree\" in a poem by this man that begins with the statement \"Because I do not hope to (*) turn again\". This poet of \"Journey of the MAgi\" wrote \"this is the dead land/ this is the cactus land\" in a poem that ends by claiming \"this is the way the world ends/ not with a bang but with a whimper.\" For 10 points, name this American-born poet who defended his conversion to Anglicanism in \"Ash Wednesday\" and wrote \"The Hollow Men\"", "answer": "T.S. Eliot [or Thomas Stearns Eliot; accept \"Journey of the Magi\" until \"this man\" is read] ", "page": "T._S._Eliot", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116982, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135767, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 244], [245, 388], [389, 580], [581, 713]], "first_sentence": "The line \"A cold coming we had of it\" opens a poem by this man in which the speaker asks \"were we led this way for/ Birth or Death?\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Experts on this non-U.S. country's legal system include NYU Law professor Jerome Cohen. Many articles about this present-day country's politics note a steady shift toward so-called \"collective leadership\" from its First Generation through its current Fifth Generation. Every November 11th, this country celebrates \"Singles' Day\", which has become a major sales day for online retailers. In May 2013 the S.E.C. began investigating J.P. Morgan's \"Sons and Daughters\" program, which hired this country's (*) \"Princelings\". Its popular WeChat messaging app was developed by Tencent, the owner of the web portal QQ. This country is also the origin of the online retailer Alibaba and microblogs known as weibo. For 10 points, name this country with a \"One Child\" policy.", "answer": "People's Republic of China [or Zhongguo; or Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo] ", "page": "China", "category": "Current Events", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116981, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135768, "tokenizations": [[0, 87], [88, 268], [269, 386], [387, 519], [520, 610], [611, 704], [705, 764]], "first_sentence": "Experts on this non-U.S. country's legal system include NYU Law professor Jerome Cohen.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In this novel, a man's purchase of Ralf von Maiboom's crops is ruined when the crops are destroyed by hail. Late in this novel, a boy makes friends with Kai Molin and is criticized by the fiery Pastor Pringsheim. A woman in this novel married Parmaneder after getting divorced from Herr Grunlich, the father of her daughter Erica. In this book, Christian goes to (*) South America and disdains working with his brother, who marries the music loving Gerda and is named Thomas. Other characters in this novel include the central family's lone daughter, Tony, and a sickly boy who dies from typhoid, named Hanno. FTP, name this novel about a merchant family in Lubeck inspired by the family of its author, Thomas Mann. ", "answer": "Buddenbrooks: The Decline of a Family [or Buddenbrooks: Verfall einen Familie] ", "page": "Buddenbrooks", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116980, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135769, "tokenizations": [[0, 107], [108, 212], [213, 330], [331, 475], [476, 609], [610, 715]], "first_sentence": "In this novel, a man's purchase of Ralf von Maiboom's crops is ruined when the crops are destroyed by hail.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "It's not Orthodox Christianity, but the Supreme Patriarch is the head of this major religious branch in one country, where illicitly-ordained women known as mae ji face discrimination. The \"Forest Tradition\" within this branch forsakes scriptural study for wilderness asceticism. The insight meditation, or vipasanna, movement in this tradition advocates focusing on the three marks of existence. This branch holds up the (*) arahant as an ideal, and stresses that it is nearly impossible for laypeople to become them. In this tradition, the Vinaya, Sutta, and Abhidhamma Pitakas, or \"baskets,\" make up the Pali Canon, or Tripitaka. For 10 points, name this \"Way of the Elders,\" a branch of Buddhism predominant in Southeast Asia, but with fewer practitioners than Mahayana.", "answer": "Theravada Buddhism [or Hinayana Buddhism; prompt on Thai Buddhism; prompt on Buddhism]", "page": "Theravada", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116979, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135770, "tokenizations": [[0, 184], [185, 279], [280, 396], [397, 518], [519, 632], [633, 774]], "first_sentence": "It's not Orthodox Christianity, but the Supreme Patriarch is the head of this major religious branch in one country, where illicitly-ordained women known as mae ji face discrimination.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Drugs like cetirizine and loratidine are primarily used to treat this condition. Despite its name, this condition does not actually occur in a non-phototoxic, non-irritant form of contact dermatitis. This non- parasitic condition is mediated by the binding of IgE to Fc epsilon receptors, and is also known as a type I hypersensitivity response. This condition occurs in atopic forms of syndromes like (*) asthma. Anaphylaxis is a serious, life-threatening form of this condition, which can be determined by skin prick or patch testing with substances like metals and food additives. A form of rhinitis in which this condition occurs is known as hay fever, and is caused by pollen. For 10 points, name these immune responses to normally harmless substances.", "answer": "allergy [or allergic response; or allergies; accept hypersensitivity or word forms before it is mentioned; accept anaphylaxis or word forms before mentioned] ", "page": "Allergy", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116978, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135771, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 199], [200, 316], [317, 345], [346, 413], [414, 583], [584, 681], [682, 757]], "first_sentence": "Drugs like cetirizine and loratidine are primarily used to treat this condition.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In one of these people's myths, a thief opens nested bronze, iron, sycamore, ivory, silver and a gold boxes to access and all-powerful book. This people believed that a frog-headed goddess breathes life into a new born after her husband spins them on his potter's wheel. The chief god of this people mixes red dye with beer to prevent a lion-headed goddess from destroying (*) humanity, and s cowed by the lewd dancing of his daughter into revealing his own name. In their most extensive myth, a goddess reassembles her husband from the fourteen pieces of his body. Because it is Bast's animal form, these people considered cats sacred. For 10 points, name this people, whose falcon-headed god Horus ensured the divinity of the pharaoh.", "answer": "Ancient Egyptians", "page": "List_of_ancient_Egyptians", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116977, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135772, "tokenizations": [[0, 140], [141, 270], [271, 463], [464, 565], [566, 636], [637, 736]], "first_sentence": "In one of these people's myths, a thief opens nested bronze, iron, sycamore, ivory, silver and a gold boxes to access and all-powerful book.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Leonard Bernstein called this composer's ninth symphony the \"anti-Ninth\" due to its humor compared to most other ninth symphonies. The six movements of this composer's last string quartet are all played adagio. Much controversy exists over the authenticity of his \"memoirs\" as related by Solomon Volkov in the book Testimony. This composer represented himself in his eighth (*) string quartet using the notes D \u00c2\u2013E-flat\u00c2\u2013C\u00c2\u2013B, and one of his symphonies is a setting of a poem by Yevgeny Yevtushenko. He composed fifteen string quartets as well as fifteen symphonies, the seventh of which uses an ostinato which may represent Hitler's invasion. For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of the \"Leningrad\" and \"Babi Yar\" Symphonies.", "answer": "Dmitri Shostakovich", "page": "Dmitri_Shostakovich", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116976, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135773, "tokenizations": [[0, 130], [131, 210], [211, 325], [326, 499], [500, 643], [644, 730]], "first_sentence": "Leonard Bernstein called this composer's ninth symphony the \"anti-Ninth\" due to its humor compared to most other ninth symphonies.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "When the Soviet Union's national soccer team refused to travel to this nation, its dictator ordered its team to take the field anyways, leading them to score 11 times into an open goal. A leader of this nation was revealed to have accepted a shipment of weapons in the Cuban packages scandal. A dissident from this country, Orlando Letelier, was killed by a car bomb in Washington D.C. A leader of this country was supported by the Schneider Doctrine and was the subject of the CIA's Project Fubelt. It implemented free market policies under the guidance of a group of economists called the Chicago Boys. The \"Caravan of Death\"was created in this nation after a 1973 coup. For 10 points, name this South American country where Salvador Allende was overthrown by Augusto Pinochet. ", "answer": "Republic of Chile", "page": "Chile", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116975, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135774, "tokenizations": [[0, 185], [186, 292], [293, 385], [386, 499], [500, 604], [605, 672], [673, 779]], "first_sentence": "When the Soviet Union's national soccer team refused to travel to this nation, its dictator ordered its team to take the field anyways, leading them to score 11 times into an open goal.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This statement is applied separately to each component in multicomponent analysis. NanoDrop devices use this law to calculate the 260/280 ratio of DNA and proteins. This law can be written as I equals I-nought times the exponential of negative alpha times density times distance. A correction factor is added to this equation if turbidity is present. A parameter in this law has units of inverse molar times inverse centimeters. A calibration curve and a (*) blank are usually used to standardize before this law is applied, often to find the optimal wavelength. The cuvette path length in this law multiplies the extinction coefficient and concentration to give absorbance. For 10 points, name this law which governs spectrophotometers.", "answer": "Beer's law [or the Beer-Lambert law] ", "page": "Beer\u2013Lambert_law", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116974, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135775, "tokenizations": [[0, 82], [83, 164], [165, 279], [280, 350], [351, 428], [429, 562], [563, 674], [675, 737]], "first_sentence": "This statement is applied separately to each component in multicomponent analysis.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this man's books claims that long-run expectations could not be quantified and were driven more by \"animal spirits\"than rational weighing of risks.  One mathematical model based on this man's most influential book explains shifts in aggregate demand and was developed by Hicks and Hansen. That book by this man inspired the IS-LM model and rejected the idea that that supply creates its own demand and argued that an economy with full (*) employment was really an special case. This man attacked the Treaty of Versailles in The Economic Consequences of the Peace and argued for government spending to boost demand during depressions. For 10 points, name this British father of modern macroeconomics who wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. ", "answer": "John Maynard Keynes", "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116973, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135776, "tokenizations": [[0, 156], [156, 295], [296, 484], [485, 640], [641, 770]], "first_sentence": "One of this man's books claims that long-run expectations could not be quantified and were driven more by \"animal spirits\"than rational weighing of risks.  ", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A man in this novel cries when he sees an advertisement for toffee being spelled out by an airplane. In this novel, a woman prays in Westminster Abbey after her student leaves to wait for an omnibus and meets an old friend who had \"five enormous boys\" with Lord Rosseter. Its protagonist's daughter is tutored by a woman who wears a bulky mackintosh and is a fanatical born-again Christian. Sally (*) Seton and Peter Walsh are among the guests of a dinner party in this novel that is interrupted by a man who avoids Dr. Holmes by jumping from a window. This novel's title character, the wife of Richard, shares a psychiatrist with World War I veteran Septimus Smith. For 10 paints, name this stream-of-consciousness novel about Clarissa, written by Virgina Woolf.", "answer": "Mrs. Dalloway", "page": "Mrs_Dalloway", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116972, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135777, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 271], [272, 390], [391, 552], [553, 666], [667, 763]], "first_sentence": "A man in this novel cries when he sees an advertisement for toffee being spelled out by an airplane.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The London Charter established the laws and procedures for an event that happened in this city. While serving as Gauleiter of Franconia, Julius Streicher published the Der Sturmer newspaper in this city. At an event in this city, 130 evenly-space anti-aircraft searchlights formed a \"cathedral of light\". A large prison complex adjoins Courtroom 600 in this city's Palace of Justice, where a proceeding was prosecuted by Robert (*) Jackson. The film Triumph of the Will by Leni Reifenstahl commemorates this city's large-scale rallies, where in 1935 a law forbidding marriage between Germans and Jews was introduced. Hermann Goering killed himself to avoid the death sentence received here. FTP, name this German city where the Nazi war crime trials took place. ", "answer": "Nuremberg [or Nurnberg] ", "page": "Nuremberg", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116971, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135778, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 203], [204, 304], [305, 440], [441, 616], [617, 690], [691, 761]], "first_sentence": "The London Charter established the laws and procedures for an event that happened in this city.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The Wallace Collection holds a Francois Boucher (boo-SHAY) painting of this character held captive, and Boucher also included two swans in a painting of this character being disarmed. Caravaggio showed this character trampling a suit of armor, a compass, and other symbols of civilization in s Virgil-inspired painting of his \"victorious\". A statue of this character raises a finger to his lips in a sign of silence, while a man (*) looking up a lady's dress reclines against that statue, in Fragonard's The Swing. This character shares an incestuous kiss with his mother in a painting where the fourth title figure pulls back a curtain to expose them. For 10 points, name this god who appears with Folly, Time and Venus in a Bronzino painting, the god of love.", "answer": "Cupid [or Eros; or Amor]", "page": "Cupid", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116970, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135779, "tokenizations": [[0, 183], [184, 339], [340, 514], [515, 652], [653, 761]], "first_sentence": "The Wallace Collection holds a Francois Boucher (boo-SHAY) painting of this character held captive, and Boucher also included two swans in a painting of this character being disarmed.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This author invented the proscription in English against preposition stranding while objecting to a sentence written by Ben Jonson. In a play by this author, Rodophil and his wife Doralice are having affairs with, respectively, Melantha and her fianc\u00c3\u00a9 Palamede; meanwhile, Leonidas overthrows the usurper Polydamas and marries the princess Palmyra. Nahum Tate likely completed the second part of a poem by this author in which the two (*) Biblical title characters represent the Duke of Monmouth and the Earl of Shaftesbury. This author of Marriage a la Mode was heavily influenced by Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra in the production of his heroic drama All for Love. For ten points, name this Restoration-era Poet Laureate who wrote Mac Flecknoe and Absalom and Achitophel.", "answer": "John Dryden", "page": "John_Dryden", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116969, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135780, "tokenizations": [[0, 131], [132, 349], [350, 525], [526, 672], [673, 779]], "first_sentence": "This author invented the proscription in English against preposition stranding while objecting to a sentence written by Ben Jonson.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The protagonist of this story falls in love with a hunchbacked girl from a family of locksmiths in a 2013 Haruki Murakami story. Before the events of this story, the protagonist had framed a magazine photo of a woman bedecked in fur in his \"rather too small\" room. This story ends with a family taking a trolley ride to the countryside after firing their cleaning lady. Its main character dies after being (*) spotted by three visitors listening to his sister play the violin. This story opens with the protagonist waking from \"uneasy dreams\". In this story, the protagonist's mother is horrified to see him climbing the walls after most of his furniture is removed by Grete. For ten points, name this Franz Kafka short story in which Gregor Samsa turns into a vermin.", "answer": "\"The Metamorphosis\" [or \"Die Verwandlung\"; \"or \"The Transformation\"; accept \"Samsa in Love\" before the end of the first sentence] ", "page": "The_Metamorphosis", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116968, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135781, "tokenizations": [[0, 128], [129, 264], [265, 369], [370, 476], [477, 543], [544, 675], [676, 768]], "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this story falls in love with a hunchbacked girl from a family of locksmiths in a 2013 Haruki Murakami story.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Francois-Charles de Bourlamaque unsuccessfully tried to blow up this location while commanding it. After an uncontested surrender of this location, Philip Schuyler and Arthur St. Clair were court-martialed. Legendarily, a man shouted \"come out you old rat!\" to Captain William Delaplace at this location, followed by a demand to surrender \"in the name of the Great Jehovah and the (*) Continental Congress.\" After a military engagement at this location, Seth Warner led a raid on Crown Point. Henry Knox transported cannons from this location in winter to help relieve the siege of Boston. For 10 points, name this fort at Lake Champlain, New York, that was seized by Ethan Allen's Green Mountain Boys in 1776.", "answer": "Fort Ticonderoga [or Fort Carillon]", "page": "Fort_Ticonderoga", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116967, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135782, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 206], [207, 257], [258, 407], [408, 492], [493, 589], [590, 710]], "first_sentence": "Francois-Charles de Bourlamaque unsuccessfully tried to blow up this location while commanding it.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Portraits by an artist from this modern-day country include one of a bearded woman breastfeeding and one of a grinning clubfooted boy. An artist from here painted a dead St. Serapion hanging by his arms. A style of still-life set in the kitchen called bodeg\u00c3\u00b3n evolved in this country. Yet another artist from this country showed Nicolas Pertusato poking a dog with his leg. That artist from this country showed (*) Justinus van Nassau handing over keys in his Surrender of Breda, and another of that artist's paintings includes a self-portrait of the artist at his easel, two dwarfs, and several maids of honor. For 10 points, name this home of Jose de Ribera, Francisco de Zurbaran, and the artist of Las Meninas, Diego Velazquez.", "answer": "Spain [or Espa\u00c3\u00b1a] ", "page": "Spain", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116965, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135784, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 203], [204, 285], [286, 374], [375, 612], [613, 732]], "first_sentence": "Portraits by an artist from this modern-day country include one of a bearded woman breastfeeding and one of a grinning clubfooted boy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The footnote \"demon speaking from here on\" appears in this text after a narrative about how a hailstorm immediately extinguishes divinely-granted fire. One character in this text dies after eating a bird poisoned with white earth. Its protagonists trick their half-brothers into climbing an endlessly-growing tree. In this text, animals, mud and wood are used in three failed attempts at (*) creating mankind. In this text, two characters survive the Houses of Gloom and Knives, but one of them is decapitated int he House of Bats by Camazotz. Vacub-Caquix, Cabrakan, and Zipacna are defeated in this text, whose protagonists are called to Xibalba for playing a ball-game too loudly. For 10 points, name this compilation of stories about the Hero Twins, and other Mayan myths. ", "answer": "Popol Vuh [or Popol Wuj] ", "page": "Popol_Vuh", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116964, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135785, "tokenizations": [[0, 151], [152, 230], [231, 314], [315, 409], [410, 543], [544, 683], [684, 776]], "first_sentence": "The footnote \"demon speaking from here on\" appears in this text after a narrative about how a hailstorm immediately extinguishes divinely-granted fire.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man hid from his creditors by stowing away on a ship in a barrel with his dog. This man undertook his most famous feat after the son of the cacique Comagre promised to show this man a place where people ate on plates of gold. This man, who named the Pearl Islands, was beheaded after great difficulty on trumped-up charges invented by his rival Pedrarias after being personally arrested by Francisco (*) Pizarro. This man established Santa Maria de la Antigua at Darien, the first stable settlement in the Americas. Reinforced by a thousand men supplied by his friend Careta, this man waded through dense forest to cross the Isthmus of Panama. For 10 points, name this conquistador, who in 1513 became the first European to see the Pacific.", "answer": "Vasco Nunez (noon-YEZ) de Balboa ", "page": "Vasco_N\u00fa\u00f1ez_de_Balboa", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116963, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135786, "tokenizations": [[0, 83], [84, 230], [231, 417], [418, 520], [521, 648], [649, 745]], "first_sentence": "This man hid from his creditors by stowing away on a ship in a barrel with his dog.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This character learns how to read from Elective Affinities and a book about Rasputin. This character loves to spit onto his lover's orange fizz powder. He remembers his \"presumptive\"father holding up a queen of hearts after being arrested in the middle of a game of skat. this character deliberately falls down a trapdoor as a \"sacrifice\", then joins Bebra's troupe of circus freaks. Bruno (*) Munsterberg makes knot sculptures based on tales told by this character, who finds a murdered nun's severed finger and as a result is locked up in an asylum. This character, who eventually becomes a popular jazz musician at the Onion Cellar, can shatter glass with his voice and decides to stop growing after the age of 3. FTP, name this protagonist of The Tin Drum. ", "answer": "Oskar Matzerath [accept either underlined portion] ", "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116962, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135787, "tokenizations": [[0, 85], [86, 151], [152, 271], [272, 383], [384, 393], [394, 551], [552, 716], [717, 760]], "first_sentence": "This character learns how to read from Elective Affinities and a book about Rasputin.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Meredith Monk's dance Juice was first performed at this museum, which is where one can find Al Held's Untitled Y and The Yellow Cow by Franz Marc. This museum was originally called The Museum of Non-Objective Painting under the guidance of director Hilla von Rebay. Its architect intended for visitors to ride to the top of the museum and descend down a single incline while viewing its artworks. This museum, designed as a \"Temple of the Spirit\", resembles both an inverted (*) ziggurat and a ribbon on a cylindrical stack that has been made with curved surfaces. A sister museum to this one is located next to Jeff Koons' statue Puppy; that museum was designed by Frank Gehry and is in Bilbao. For 10 points, name this museum designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in New York City.", "answer": "Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum [or Guggenheim New York; do not accept \"Guggenheim Bilbao\"]", "page": "Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116960, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135789, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 265], [266, 396], [397, 564], [565, 695], [696, 776]], "first_sentence": "Meredith Monk's dance Juice was first performed at this museum, which is where one can find Al Held's Untitled Y and The Yellow Cow by Franz Marc.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Kelvin equation gives solubility as a function of this property. Dynamic light scattering is used to measure this quantity, which continuously increases due to Ostwald ripening. The mean free path is proportional to the negative second power of this quantity. This property of a polymer is determined using chromatography where a gel is the stationary phase. The cross section in (*) collision theory is roughly the sum of this quantity for the molecules. The difference between a colloid and a suspension is this property for the particles. The b term in the van der Waals equation accounts for this property, countering the ideal gas law's assumption that this property for gas molecules is zero. For 10 points, name this quantity which is small for particles that pass through a filter.", "answer": "particle size [or volume; or surface area; or radius; or diameter; or chain length; do not accept or prompt on \"mass\" or \"weight\" or \"molar mass\"] ", "page": "Particle_size", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Chemistry", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116959, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135790, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 181], [182, 263], [264, 362], [363, 459], [460, 545], [546, 702], [703, 793]], "first_sentence": "The Kelvin equation gives solubility as a function of this property.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A potential derived from this law predicts energy quantized by half-integer multiples of Planck's constant time frequency. This equation predicts the energy required for an IR-active mode given the reduced mass of a molecule. In the most common test on an Instron device, this aw fails to predict behavior like work hardening or necking as the load increases. This equation models chemical bond vibrations with a quadratic potential energy dependence. A straight line on a (*) stress-strain curve is a consequence of this equation. It uses a proportionality constant which has units of Newtons divided by meters. This law predict a restoring force that is negative and proportional to the distance extended from equilibrium. For 10 points, name this law which applies. ", "answer": "Hooke's Law", "page": "Hooke's_law", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116958, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135791, "tokenizations": [[0, 122], [123, 225], [226, 359], [360, 451], [452, 531], [532, 612], [613, 724], [725, 768]], "first_sentence": "A potential derived from this law predicts energy quantized by half-integer multiples of Planck's constant time frequency.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A cat stares at a caged bird in this artist's group portrait of the Graham Children. Faces taken from Raphael and Leonardo are contrasted with contemporary profiles in this artist's Characters and Caricaturas. A child falls from the breast of a woman seated on a flight of stairs in an allegorical etching by this artist warning against foreign spirits. This man's dog stands next to a tondo self-portrait in The (*) Painter and his Pug. The title figure of one of his works ends up naked and shackled to the floor of Bedlam, indifferent to the care of Sarah Young. This artist of Gin Lane created eight paintings of the downfall of Tom Rakewell. For 10 points, name this English artist of the satirical series, A Rake's Progress.", "answer": "William Hogarth", "page": "William_Hogarth", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116957, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135792, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 209], [210, 353], [354, 437], [438, 565], [566, 646], [647, 730]], "first_sentence": "A cat stares at a caged bird in this artist's group portrait of the Graham Children.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A short story character spends the night with some of these people and later dies with \"no hopeful verse upon his tombstone\". In a novel about this kind of people, three of them conspire to give Jenny cancer in revenge for her marriage to Darryl Va Horne, who has affairs with Alexandra, Jane and Sukie, residents of a small Rhode Island town. Reverend Hale exclaims \"I denounce these proceedings!\" in a (*) court case about this kind of people. John Updike wrote a novel about several of these people in Eastwick, Nathaniel Hawthorne's \"Young Goodman Brown\" is about one of their meetings. Martha Corey and John Proctor are executes on suspicion of being these people at the end of Arthur Miller's The Crucible. For 10 points, name these people who hang out in covens. ", "answer": "witches", "page": "Witchcraft", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116956, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135793, "tokenizations": [[0, 125], [126, 343], [344, 398], [399, 445], [446, 590], [591, 712], [713, 769]], "first_sentence": "A short story character spends the night with some of these people and later dies with \"no hopeful verse upon his tombstone\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A mother of ten named Etta Mae Miller was sentenced to life in prison for violating this legislation. Violations of this law were changed from misdemeanors to felonies by the Jones Law. This legislation's namesake, a Minnesota Congressman, also co-sponsored a bill that made farm combines exempt from anti-trust laws with Arthur Capper. The \"padlock\" provisions of this law were used to temporarily (*)close businesses like the Paradise in New York. 13 years after it was passed over Woodrow Wilson's veto, the Blaine Act made it unconstitutional. This legislation's restriction of 0.5% as the legal limit for certain substances were ignored by operators of blind pigs and speakeasies. For 10 points, name this legislation which enforced the 18th Amendment.", "answer": "Volstead Act [or National Prohibition Act; do not accept \"18th Amendment\"] ", "page": "Volstead_Act", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116955, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135794, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 185], [186, 336], [337, 449], [450, 547], [548, 685], [686, 757]], "first_sentence": "A mother of ten named Etta Mae Miller was sentenced to life in prison for violating this legislation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "After the protagonist of this novel comes home from work, he argues with his mother over whether he returned before or after two in the morning. In this novel, a lawyer gives a man a wooden cross necklace, only for it to be thrown away when the man sees the Ku Klux Klan. A couple eats fried chicken at Charlie's Kitchen Shack to experience (*) black life in this novel, in which the protagonist forges a ransom note with the signature \"Reds\". Boris A. Max defends this novel's protagonist, who kills a rat with a skillet in its opening scene. This novel's protagonist kills Jan Erlone's girlfriend Mary Dalton by suffocating her with a pillow. FTP, name this novel about Bigger Thomas, written by Richard Wright. ", "answer": "Native Son", "page": "Native_Son", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116954, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135795, "tokenizations": [[0, 144], [145, 271], [272, 443], [444, 543], [544, 644], [645, 713]], "first_sentence": "After the protagonist of this novel comes home from work, he argues with his mother over whether he returned before or after two in the morning.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This city's Jewish Ghisolfi family helped found the Bank of St. George, which was granted control over colonies in Gazaria and the Taman Peninsula. Constantinople's Galata Tower was built by traders from this city, whose colony of Caffa may have been an entry point for the bubonic plague into Europe. An admiral from this city led the allied fleet that lost to the Ottomans at the Battle of Preveza. (*) Crossbowmen from this city, which was once led by Andrea Doria, were outshot by English longbowmen at the Battle of Crecy. An explorer born in this city appealed to Ferdinand and Isabella for financial support for his four voyages to the New World. For 10 points, name this Italian city, the birthplace of Christopher Columbus, a major maritime rival of Venice.", "answer": "Genoa [or Republic of Genoa]", "page": "Genoa", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116953, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135796, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 301], [302, 400], [401, 527], [528, 653], [654, 766]], "first_sentence": "This city's Jewish Ghisolfi family helped found the Bank of St. George, which was granted control over colonies in Gazaria and the Taman Peninsula.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 1965, a group of French scholars dedicated to Reading this book was led by Louis Althusser, who later analyzed the hailing of citizens by cops as \"interpellation.\" The \"transformation problem\" was first put forth in the last overarching segment of this text, whose title concept becomes prominent due to \"primitive accumulation\" and is said to be \"vampire-like.\" The fourth chapter of this book asks whether \"C-M-C\" or \"M-C-M\" is the proper formula for (*) circulation. This book, whose fourth volume was compiled posthumously, distinguishes \"use value\" from \"exchange value,\" and warns that viewing products apart from the laborers exploited to make them leads to commodity fetishism. For 10 points, name this treatise about the economy, by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx.", "answer": "Das Kapital [or Capital]", "page": "Capital:_Critique_of_Political_Economy", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116952, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135797, "tokenizations": [[0, 165], [165, 365], [366, 472], [473, 688], [689, 776]], "first_sentence": "In 1965, a group of French scholars dedicated to Reading this book was led by Louis Althusser, who later analyzed the hailing of citizens by cops as \"interpellation.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The Byzantine empire gave Geza Arpad one of these objects which is now named for Saint Stephen of Hungary. These objects name a type of phase-transfer catalyst that segregates cations inside a ring of ether monomers. During the Social War, Lucius Cornelius Sulla received a \"grass\" one of these objects, the highest (*) decoration of the Roman army. In 18th through mid-20th century Britain, these objects named a type of large silver coin worth five shillings. A white and red one symbolizing the unity of Upper and Lower Egypt was often shown in pharaohs' inscriptions. Before the Crucifixion, Jesus received one made of thorns. For 10 points, name these items which are usually heavier than a diadem or tiara, a type of royal headgear.", "answer": "crowns [or Holy Crown of Saint Stephen; or crown ethers; or Grass Crown; or Double Crown; or crown of thorns] ", "page": "Crown_(headgear)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "Other", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116951, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135798, "tokenizations": [[0, 106], [107, 216], [217, 349], [350, 461], [462, 571], [572, 630], [631, 738]], "first_sentence": "The Byzantine empire gave Geza Arpad one of these objects which is now named for Saint Stephen of Hungary.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "Frameworks for assisting in this practice include Selenium and Lime. Thoroughly performing this action tends to result in high block coverage. Forms of this practice include the integration and regression types. The term dogfooding is used to describe internal forms of this practice. This process can be performed using tools such as xUnit. Tools that simulate a high number of concurrent connections are useful in performing the (*) \"load\" or \"stress\" type of this practice. Alternative layouts might be shown to different groups of users in a website practicing the A/B form of this technique. The public is often asked to participate in the \"beta\" form of this process. For 10 points, name this practice that tries to root out bugs in programs.", "answer": "software testing [or unit testing; or integration testing; or load testing; or stress testing; or A/B testing; or beta testing; prompt on software validation] ", "page": "Software_testing", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Computer Science", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116950, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135799, "tokenizations": [[0, 68], [69, 142], [143, 211], [212, 284], [285, 341], [342, 476], [477, 596], [597, 673], [674, 748]], "first_sentence": "Frameworks for assisting in this practice include Selenium and Lime.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A religious leader in this city was accused of eating lozenges in church at the Synod of the Oak. A religious conflict began with the excommunication of Michael I Cerularius, the head of a church in this city. The second-ever ecumenical council was held in this city, and confirmed the Nicene creed. The Divine Liturgy of a church based in this city was penned by St. John Chrysostom. Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus constructed a church in this city with a (*) gigantic dome supported on pendentives, which was dedicated to \"Holy Wisdom.\" The Ecumenical Patriarch is the head of a church based in this city that feuded with a church based in Rome during the Great Schism. For 10 points, name this city, home to the Hagia Sophia, the seat of Eastern Orthodoxy.", "answer": "Constantinople [accept Istanbul only after \"Ecumenical Patriarch\" is read, do not accept or prompt on it before] ", "page": "Constantinople", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116949, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135800, "tokenizations": [[0, 97], [98, 209], [210, 299], [300, 384], [385, 550], [550, 551], [552, 684], [685, 772]], "first_sentence": "A religious leader in this city was accused of eating lozenges in church at the Synod of the Oak.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Sympathetic postganglionic cholinergic neurons unusually innervate the structures responsible for this sudomotor process. Ceruminous glands and eyelid ciliary glands are modified forms of structures responsible for this process. This process is used to detect dysfunctional CFTR channels in a namesake test for (*) cystic fibrosis. After puberty, this process can be performed by axillary apocrine glands, where bacteria metabolize its products and produce odor. People suffering from heat stroke cannot perform this process. Dogs pant because they can only perform this thermoregulatory function in their paws. For 10 points, name this process in which evaporative cooling is achieved with salty fluids secreted from the skin.", "answer": "sweating [or perspiration; or diaphoresis; prompt on thermoregulation; prompt on temperature regulation; prompt on cooling] ", "page": "Perspiration", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116948, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135801, "tokenizations": [[0, 121], [122, 228], [229, 331], [332, 462], [463, 525], [526, 611], [612, 727]], "first_sentence": "Sympathetic postganglionic cholinergic neurons unusually innervate the structures responsible for this sudomotor process.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "One of this author's protagonists uses a drug developed by Magnus Lane to experience the 14th-century unrequited affair between Isolda Carminowe and his doppelganger Roger. In a story by this author of The House on the Strand, Mr. and Mrs. Trigg are among the victims of a series of attacks that Nat Hocken realizes occur only at high tide. In one of this author's novels, the protagonist inadvertently attends a ball wearing a replica of a (*) dress belonging to the deceased title character due to the machinations of Mrs. Danvers. The unnamed narrator is the second wife of Maxim de Winter in that novel by this author, which opens \"Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again.\" For 10 points, name this Cornish woman who wrote \"The Birds\" and Rebecca. ", "answer": " Daphne du Maurier [or Dame Daphne du Maurier, Lady Browning] ", "page": "Daphne_du_Maurier", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116947, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135802, "tokenizations": [[0, 172], [173, 340], [341, 533], [534, 682], [682, 757]], "first_sentence": "One of this author's protagonists uses a drug developed by Magnus Lane to experience the 14th-century unrequited affair between Isolda Carminowe and his doppelganger Roger.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A solo piece for this instrument ends with a movement that quotes folk songs such as \"I have been  away from you for so long\" and \"Cabbages and turnips have driven me away.\" A two-manual variety of this instrument plays the Italian Concerto. A solo piece for this instrument ends with a quodlibet (QUAD- lee-butt) and includes nine canons, one every three movements. This instrument plays a lengthy cadenza in the first movement of the fifth (*) Brandenburg Concerto. A solo piece for this instrument consists of thirty variations on a G major aria theme. This instrument cannot create dynamics because it plucks the strings rather than hammering them like the piano. For 10 points, the Goldberg Variations were written for what Baroque keyboard instrument? ", "answer": "harpsichords [or cembalo; or cembali] ", "page": "Harpsichord", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116946, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135803, "tokenizations": [[0, 84], [85, 173], [174, 241], [242, 366], [367, 467], [468, 555], [556, 667], [668, 757]], "first_sentence": "A solo piece for this instrument ends with a movement that quotes folk songs such as", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Ottoman Sultan Abdulmedjid I was forced to scale down his response to this event. The Ballinlass incident was a notorious eviction during this event, in which Count Paul de Strzelecki was tasked with dispersing over four hundred thousand pounds. Attempts to aid the victims of this event were often stymied by the \"Gregory clause\" of the Poor Law. It's not the Highland Clearances, but people boarded squalid (*) \"coffin ships\" to escape this event, which was exacerbated by extreme subdivision of land. Robert Peel responded to this event by repealing the Corn Laws. The fungus Phytophthora infestans caused this event. For 10 points, name this period from 1845-52, in which a million people starved to death due to a blight in a staple crop. ", "answer": "Irish potato famine [or Great Hunger; or Great Famine; or Irish famine; or An Gorta Mor]", "page": "Great_Famine_(Ireland)", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116945, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 135804, "tokenizations": [[0, 81], [82, 245], [246, 347], [348, 503], [504, 567], [568, 620], [621, 743]], "first_sentence": "Ottoman Sultan Abdulmedjid I was forced to scale down his response to this event.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Deflection of starlight was observed by William Wallace Campbell while he was observing one of these events at the Lick Observatory. Walter Grotrian and Bengt Edlen found that the green emission line found as a result of these events was not actually a new element, but was instead highly ionized iron. Arthur Eddington experimentally confirmed Einstein's theory of general relativity using one of these events in 1919. While working in Madras, Pierre (*) Hansen used one of these events to discover the element Helium. The \"annular\" type of this event occurs when a disk surrounds the occuluding body. For 10 points, name these events during which the corona becomes visible because the moon is in front of the sun.", "answer": "solar eclipse [prompt on eclipses until \"sun\" is read and accept it afterwards] ", "page": "Solar_eclipse", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116640, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136084, "tokenizations": [[0, 132], [133, 302], [303, 419], [420, 519], [520, 602], [603, 716]], "first_sentence": "Deflection of starlight was observed by William Wallace Campbell while he was observing one of these events at the Lick Observatory.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Abraham Mendel Theben convinced this ruler to offer limited protections to Jews. This ruler appears on the obverse of a namesake silver bullion thaler which was circulated for over two centuries. Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz was state chancellor and foreign minister to this ruler, during whose reign the physician Gerard van Swieten was sent to Moravia to investigate the existence of vampires. Charles (*) VI's flagrant disregard for Salic law resulted in this ruler taking the throne. After this ruler's death, her country underwent a decade of temporary reform under her son Joseph II. The Pragmatic Sanction attempted to legitimate the rule of this queen, who lost the region of Silesia to Frederick the Great. For 10 points, name this 18th-century queen of Austria.", "answer": "Maria Theresa [or Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina; or Maria Theresia; prompt on partial answer] ", "page": "Maria_Theresa", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116639, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136085, "tokenizations": [[0, 80], [81, 195], [196, 391], [392, 483], [484, 585], [586, 711], [712, 767]], "first_sentence": "Abraham Mendel Theben convinced this ruler to offer limited protections to Jews.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The momentum j-factor in the Chilton-Colburn analogy is given by a number describing this phenomenon, divided by two. A constant factor of 1.33, times the square root of the Reynolds number, gives the magnitude of this phenomenon on a flat plane. For high Reynolds numbers, the magnitude of this force is proportional to the velocity squared, but in creeping flow, the dependence is (*) linear, with a coefficient often symbolized b. This force is proportional to the radius and viscosity according to Stokes' Law for spherical particles. The \"form\" contribution to this force is greater when a surface is perpendicular to the oncoming streamlines. For 10 points, name this force that balances gravity at the terminal velocity, and opposes thrust in fluids. ", "answer": "drag force [or air resistance; prompt on air friction ", "page": "Drag_(physics)", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116638, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136086, "tokenizations": [[0, 117], [118, 246], [247, 433], [434, 538], [539, 648], [649, 757]], "first_sentence": "The momentum j-factor in the Chilton-Colburn analogy is given by a number describing this phenomenon, divided by two.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This man's medical practice with James Bates failed after Bates' death, after which he decided to go to sea. This man's cousin Richard Sympson edited out nearly half of a manuscript this man wrote, in which he described how he was taught languages by the Sorrel Nag and Glumdalclitch. In one episode, he is arrested after putting out a fire by urinating on it, while in another, he is forced out of a community of ultra-rational (*) horse-like creatures who believe him to be a Yahoo. He encounters the Little-Endians and Big-Endians in a country whose leaders charge him with treason, forcing him to flee to Blefuscu. For 10 points, name this fictional author and adventure who wisits Laputa, Brobdingnag, and Lilliput in a satirical travelogue by Jonathan Swift.", "answer": "Lemuel Gulliver {accept either underlined portion]", "page": "Lemuel_Gulliver", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116637, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136087, "tokenizations": [[0, 108], [109, 284], [285, 484], [485, 618], [619, 764]], "first_sentence": "This man's medical practice with James Bates failed after Bates' death, after which he decided to go to sea.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A character created by this author dismisses \"outward things\", claiming \"I am my Heaven and my Hell\". In a play by this author, a group of generals are shown a document with a clause pledging loyalty to the emperor, which is removed from a different copy that all but one general signs after Illo and Terzky  get the generals drunk. A trilogy by this author is titled for a character who is found out to have been (*) negotiating with the Swedes. Another of his protagonists is plotted against both by the vengeful Spiegelberg and by his own brother, Franz, who desires Amalia and tricks the Old Moor into disowning Karl. For 10 points, name this author of Wallenstein and The Robbers, who also wrote a poem to the \"daughter of Elysium\" called \"Ode to Joy.\" ", "answer": "Friedrich Schiller [or Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller] ", "page": "Friedrich_Schiller", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116636, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136088, "tokenizations": [[0, 101], [102, 332], [333, 446], [447, 621], [622, 757]], "first_sentence": "A character created by this author dismisses \"outward things\", claiming \"I am my Heaven and my Hell\".", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A leader of this country enjoyed demolishing huge swathes of urban areas as part of his North Korea- inspired \"systematization\" campaign. This country was represented on the world stage by female diplomat Ana Pauker. A dictator in this country encouraged women to become \"heroine mothers\" by having ten or more children, and controlled his populace with the Securitate secret police. The (*) Iron Guard carried out the Final Solution in this country, which joined Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia in the Little Entente, and was led throughout most of World War II by the pro-German Ion (EON) Antonescu. A leader of this country was tried and executed with his wife Elena on Christmas, 1989. For 10 points, name this Eastern European country ruled by the dictator Nicolae Ceausescu (chow-SHES-koo).", "answer": "Romania", "page": "Romania", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116635, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136089, "tokenizations": [[0, 137], [138, 216], [217, 383], [384, 588], [589, 599], [600, 687], [688, 794]], "first_sentence": "A leader of this country enjoyed demolishing huge swathes of urban areas as part of his North Korea- inspired \"systematization\" campaign.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This composer's last three masses are all in the key of B-flat, and another of his masses is sometimes nicknamed for the prominent timpani solo in the \"Agnus Dei.\" Another of his choral pieces concludes part 1 with \"The Heavens are Telling the Glory of God.\" The melody from the second movement of this composer's \"Emperor\" (*) Quartet is now used for the German national anthem. This composer wrote Mass in Time of War and the \"Nelson\" Mass while under the patronage of Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy, and he also composed an oratorio inspired by Paradise Lost and the Book of Genesis, called The Creation. For 10 points, name this Austrian composer known as the \"Father of the String Quartet\" and \"Father of the Symphony.\"", "answer": "Joseph Haydn [or Franz Joseph Haydn]", "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Auditory", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116634, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136090, "tokenizations": [[0, 163], [164, 258], [259, 379], [380, 602], [603, 719]], "first_sentence": "This composer's last three masses are all in the key of B-flat, and another of his masses is sometimes nicknamed for the prominent timpani solo in the \"Agnus Dei.\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "The alpha and beta Kamlet-Taft parameters quantify the extent of this effect. This phenomenon is modeled as a double-well potential between donors and acceptors. SN1 reactions, but not SN2, are sped up by solvents demonstrating this effect. It is often incorrectly given as the reason for the higher melting temperatures of CG-rich DNA sequences. This interaction occurs perpendicular to the chains of antiparallel (*) beta sheets and links the amide groups of every fourth residue of an alpha helix. Alcohols have higher boiling points than ethers because of this phenomenon. This strong class of dipole-dipole forces classically requires nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine to be present. For 10 points, name this intermolecular attractive force involving the lightest element.", "answer": "hydrogen bonding [or H bonding]", "page": "Hydrogen_bond", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116633, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136091, "tokenizations": [[0, 77], [78, 161], [162, 240], [241, 346], [347, 500], [501, 576], [577, 684], [685, 773]], "first_sentence": "The alpha and beta Kamlet-Taft parameters quantify the extent of this effect.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In preparation for World War I, workers in this industry were granted an eight-hour day through the Adamson Act. In the Civil War, Herman Haupt supervised this industry for the Union and War Secretary Simon Cameron resigned due to his role in profiteering from it. An 1862 act issued bonds to a company in this industry established by Theodore Judah and financed by the Big Four. A Civil War raid using (*) infrastructure from this industry inspired Buster Keaton's film The General. Ruined infrastructure from this industry became \"Sherman's Neckties\" during the March to the Sea. An 1862 Act of Congress proposed a project in this industry completed at Promontory point with the driving in of a golden spike. For 10 points, the Union Pacific Company is in which industry. ", "answer": "railroads [or rail industry; prompt on transportation] ", "page": "Rail_transport", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116632, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136092, "tokenizations": [[0, 112], [113, 264], [265, 379], [380, 483], [484, 581], [582, 710], [711, 773]], "first_sentence": "In preparation for World War I, workers in this industry were granted an eight-hour day through the Adamson Act.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In 2010, Greenpeace protesters off the coast of this island scaled the Stena Don oil rig owned by Cairn Energy. This island's extremely agglutinative namesake language was first given a Latin orthography by missionary Samuel Kleinschmidt. Archaeologists divide sites on this island into Western, Middle, and Eastern Settlements, the last of which contains the well-preserved ruins of the medieval-era Hvalsey church. In 1888, this island was crossed for the first time by Fridtjof Nansen. The U.S. operates (*) Thule Air Base on the western shore of this island, part of which faces the Davis Strait. Since 1979, it has been administered under home rule from the settlement of Nuuk. For 10 points, name this large northerly island once owned by Denmark.", "answer": "Greenland [or Kalaallit Nunaat] ", "page": "Greenland", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116631, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136093, "tokenizations": [[0, 111], [112, 238], [239, 416], [417, 488], [489, 510], [511, 600], [601, 682], [683, 753]], "first_sentence": "In 2010, Greenpeace protesters off the coast of this island scaled the Stena Don oil rig owned by Cairn Energy.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "The German Romantic opposition to this classical author was led by the Schlegel brothers, who claimed that an \"immeasurable gulf\" separated him from his contemporaries. The title character of a play by this man drunkenly calls another character \"Ganymede\", then drags that character into a cave to have sex with him. In the final scene of another of his plays, the antagonist appears in a dragon-pulled chariot with the bodies of (*) of her dead children. This author of Cyclops, the only surviving satyr play, wrote a play in which a group led by Agave rips apart Pentheus, as directed by Dionysus. He also wrote a play whose antagonist murders Glauce to take revenge on her unfaithful husband Jason. For 10 points, name this Greek tragedian who wrote The Bacchae and Medea. ", "answer": "Euripides", "page": "Euripides", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "Classical", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116630, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136094, "tokenizations": [[0, 168], [169, 316], [317, 455], [456, 599], [600, 701], [702, 775]], "first_sentence": "The German Romantic opposition to this classical author was led by the Schlegel brothers, who claimed that an \"immeasurable gulf\" separated him from his contemporaries.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "Selegiline raises the availability of this compound by selectively inhibiting MAO-B. This compound's second G protein-coupled receptor, which inhibits adenylyl cyclase, is targeted by many antipsychotic drugs. This compound's beta-hydroxylase catalyzes its transformation into norepinephrine. The ventral tegmental area contains the largest group of neurons releasing this neurotransmitter in the brain. A chiral precursor to this compound with (*) L-configuration is used to treat a disease in which neurons releasing it in the substantia nigra die, leading to tremors and a slow, shuffling gait. For 10 points, name this neurotransmitter involved in pleasure-reward pathways in the brain, whose levels fall in Parkinson's disease.", "answer": "Dopamine [or 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine] ", "page": "Dopamine", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Biology", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116629, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136095, "tokenizations": [[0, 209], [210, 292], [293, 403], [404, 597], [598, 732]], "first_sentence": "Selegiline raises the availability of this compound by selectively inhibiting MAO-B. This compound's second G protein-coupled receptor, which inhibits adenylyl cyclase, is targeted by many antipsychotic drugs.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "One book subtitled for this condition in the United States asserts that this condition's invisibility made it particularly pernicious. That book was written in 1962 by Michael Harrington. Another book on this condition was a response to the legislation that created TANF and sees the author travel to three states to work temporary jobs. People in this condition leaked all four entitlements in a book examining the link between this condition and (*) famines by Amartya Sen. This condition described in The Other America was portrayed in Paris kitchens and London spikes in a book by George Orwell. For 10 points, name this economic condition explored by Barbara Ehrenreich in Nickel and Dimed that is often fought with welfare programs", "answer": "Poverty [or being down and out; or being poor] ", "page": "Poverty", "category": "Social Science", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116628, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136096, "tokenizations": [[0, 134], [135, 187], [188, 337], [338, 475], [476, 599], [600, 737]], "first_sentence": "One book subtitled for this condition in the United States asserts that this condition's invisibility made it particularly pernicious.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "This passage rhetorically asks \"Can any one of you by worrying add a single hour to your life?\" A large part of this passage consists of the phrase \"You have heard it said,\" followed by a prescription from Mosaic Law, then the phrase \"but I say unto you,\" followed by a refutation of the prescription. The final verse of this passage beseeches listeners to \"Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.\"  This passage discards the metaphor of people being the (*) \"salt of the earth\" in favor of them being \"the light of the world.\" The declaration \"Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth\" is one of this passage's Beatitudes. For 10 points, name this section of the Book of Matthew, an oration Jesus delivered at an elevated place. ", "answer": "Sermon on the Mount [prompt on Book of Matthew; prompt to be less specific on Beatitudes before mentioned; prompt to be less specific on Matthew's Antitheses] ", "page": "Sermon_on_the_Mount", "category": "Religion", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116627, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136097, "tokenizations": [[0, 95], [96, 301], [302, 419], [419, 545], [545, 656], [657, 762]], "first_sentence": "This passage rhetorically asks \"Can any one of you by worrying add a single hour to your life?\"", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "A character in this play is ordered to first put several drops of vinegar in each of various sensory organs, then cry \"hum\" and \"buzz\" thrice each. Another character in this play disguises himself as  Spanish nobleman and is mocked by two characters who think he can't speak English. Kastril receives a quarreling lesson in this play, which also features a character who wants to meet the Queen of Fairy and a group of Anabaptists lead by (*) Tribulation Wholesome. At the end of this play, Dame Pliant marries Lovewit, who had earlier left London because of the plague. Dol Common is courted by Epicure Mammon, who seeks out the protagonists in order to acquire the philosopher's stone in, for 10 points, what Ben Jonson play about the con artists Face and Subtle? ", "answer": "The Alchemist", "page": "Alchemy", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "British", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116626, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136098, "tokenizations": [[0, 147], [148, 283], [284, 465], [466, 570], [571, 765]], "first_sentence": "A character in this play is ordered to first put several drops of vinegar in each of various sensory organs, then cry \"hum\" and \"buzz\" thrice each.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In a classic example of inverse Compton scattering, photons in this region of the spectrum gain energy through the redshift-independent SZ effect. The selection rule delta J equals plus or minus one applies to rotational spectroscopy using this type of radiation. This radiation has frequency slightly greater than ultra-high or super-high frequency radiation. Radiation at (*) 2.7 Kelvin has its maximum intensity wavelength in this region of the spectrum. A cavity magnetron produces this type of radiation. At Bell Labs in New Jersey, Penzias and Wilson discovered a nearly constant spectrum of this radiation in the universe left over from the Big Bang. For 10 points, name this form of radiation which is slightly less energetic than infrared and is often used to cook food. ", "answer": "Microwaves [prompt on radio waves]", "page": "Microwave", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Physics", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116625, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136099, "tokenizations": [[0, 146], [147, 263], [264, 360], [361, 375], [375, 377], [378, 457], [458, 509], [510, 657], [658, 779]], "first_sentence": "In a classic example of inverse Compton scattering, photons in this region of the spectrum gain energy through the redshift-independent SZ effect.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "A \"college without walls\" named for this man in Mount Angel, Oregon, remained open from 1973-83. This man and his younger brother Richard joined a protest that pressured DiGiorgio Corporation into holding an election for its workers. This man's meeting with Ferdinand Marcos backfired and alienated many key allies, including Philip Vera Cruz. While undertaking his twenty-four day fast in Phoenix, Arizona, this man came up with the slogan (*) \"Yes, one can.\" The Filipino-dominated AWOC merged with the NFWA co-founded by this man and Dolores Huerta to form the UFW. This man had his followers persuade longshoremen not to load grape shipments. For 10 points, name this Mexican-American activist on behalf of farm-laborers, who is honored by a March 31st holiday.", "answer": "Cesar Chavez [or Cesar Estrada Chavez]", "page": "Cesar_Chavez", "category": "History", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116624, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136100, "tokenizations": [[0, 96], [97, 233], [234, 343], [344, 459], [459, 460], [461, 568], [569, 646], [647, 765]], "first_sentence": "A \"college without walls\" named for this man in Mount Angel, Oregon, remained open from 1973-83.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "In a Teutonic myth, this god is slain by the sword belonging to the forest troll Miming (MIM-ing). This god lends his name to a poem that ends with the traveler Vegtam having his true identity revealed. One of this god's possessions can only be moved by a woman who rides a giant wolf bridled by snakes. A battle of wits ends when the words that were once (*) whispered into this god's ear cannot be identified by Vafthrudnir. Plans to retrieve this deity go awry when the jotun Thokk refuses to weep. This god's mother Frigg makes all but one substance in the world promise never to harm this god. For 10 paints, name this brother of Hoder, a Norse god who dies when Loki strikes him with a spear of mistletoe.", "answer": "Balder [or Baldr, or Baldur]", "page": "Baldr", "category": "Mythology", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116623, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136101, "tokenizations": [[0, 98], [99, 202], [203, 303], [304, 426], [427, 501], [502, 598], [599, 711]], "first_sentence": "In a Teutonic myth, this god is slain by the sword belonging to the forest troll Miming (MIM-ing).", "gameplay": false, "fold": "guessdev"}, {"text": "In Act II of this opera, a gavotte is heard from outside the palace during a victory celebration in honor of General Melas. The male lead contrasts the blue eyes of an \"unknown beauty\" he has seen in church with the black eyes of his lover in \"Recondita Armonia.\" The villain uses a fan to arouse the title character's jealousy and convince her to betray (*) Angelotti in exchange for her lover's life. That title character asks God why she has suffered such misfortune in \"Vissi d'arte, vissi d'amore,\" and jumps to her death after realizing that Cavaradossi's \"fake\" execution was real after all. For 10 points, name this opera in which the title singer stabs the wicked police chief Scarpia, by Giacomo Puccini.", "answer": "Tosca", "page": "Tosca", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116622, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136102, "tokenizations": [[0, 123], [124, 262], [262, 356], [356, 402], [403, 598], [599, 714]], "first_sentence": "In Act II of this opera, a gavotte is heard from outside the palace during a victory celebration in honor of General Melas.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This color appears in the title of a story in which the narrator sees a white patch on a \"brute beast\" slowly resolve itself into the shape of a gallows. A clock of this color regularly interrupts the musicians in a story in which a dagger-wielding man chases a \"mummer\" into a room decorated in this color, only to fall dead. In a short story, an alcoholic who buries his wife in his cellar uses a penknife to remove the(*) eye of Pluto, an animal of this color. Another animal of this color is asked \"is there balm in Gilead?\" as it sits on a bust of Pallas after appearing on a \"midnight dreary\" while the poet \"pondered, weak and weary\". For 10 points, name this color of the title cat of a story by Edgar Allen Poe, who used it to describe the \"plume\" of \"The Raven\".", "answer": "black [or ebony; accept \"The Black Cat\"]", "page": "Black", "category": "Literature", "subcategory": "American", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116621, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136103, "tokenizations": [[0, 153], [154, 326], [327, 463], [464, 641], [642, 772]], "first_sentence": "This color appears in the title of a story in which the narrator sees a white patch on a \"brute beast\" slowly resolve itself into the shape of a gallows.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "All fields with characteristic zero contain a copy of this field. The cardinality of this set can be established by writing each element in a big square, then moving diagonally down the square to count them. The larger completion of this set can be constructed from it by partitioning it, then taking the least upper bound of the lesser partition. (*) Algebraic numbers are the roots of polynomials whose coefficients come from this set. This set is the starting point for doing Dedekind cuts, and it is dense in the reals. The set of all of these numbers is denoted Q, and they have eventually repeating or terminating decimal expansions. For 10 points, identify these numbers, which, for integers a and b, can be written as the fraction a over b.", "answer": "Rational Numbers", "page": "Rational_number", "category": "Science", "subcategory": "Math", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116620, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136104, "tokenizations": [[0, 65], [66, 207], [208, 347], [348, 351], [352, 437], [438, 523], [524, 639], [640, 748]], "first_sentence": "All fields with characteristic zero contain a copy of this field.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man's theology was examined by Marisilio Ficino, a prominent Florentine. Ralph Cudworth lead a group of theologians inspired by this man at Cambridge. He's neither W.V.O Quine nor Hillary Putnam, but this man's name often denotes the philosophical view that mathematical objects are ontologically real outside the imagination. A re-envisioning of this man's philosophy, which described reality as decreasingly pure (*) emanations from \"The One\", appeared in the Enneads of Plotinus in the 200s CE. Before Augustine was a Manichean, he was among the \"neo\" Followers of this philosopher, whose own views included a theory of ideal forms. For 10 points, name this author of the allegory of the cave, a Greek philosopher who taught Aristotle and was Socrates' student.", "answer": "Plato [or Platon; or Aristocles]", "page": "Plato", "category": "Philosophy", "subcategory": null, "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116619, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136105, "tokenizations": [[0, 77], [78, 155], [156, 331], [332, 502], [503, 640], [641, 769]], "first_sentence": "This man's theology was examined by Marisilio Ficino, a prominent Florentine.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "For three months near the end of this war, William Fenwick Williams defended the small town of Kars. This war began shortly after France sent the ship-of-line Charlemagne as a show of force in violation of the London Straits Convention. In this war, Patrice McMahon captures the Malakoff Redoubt early in his career. William Howard Russel documented this war for The Times, and the (*) Victoria Cross was introduced in its aftermath. Sir Colin Campbell ordered his men to array two-deep, setting up a \"Thin Red Line\", and six-hundred men were sent to attack a well-prepared artillery battery, at its Battle of Balaclava. For 10 points, name this war in which Lord Cardigan led the charge of the Light Brigade, fought by an Ottoman and European alliance against Russia.", "answer": "Crimean War", "page": "Crimean_War", "category": "History", "subcategory": "European", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116618, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136106, "tokenizations": [[0, 100], [101, 236], [237, 316], [317, 433], [434, 620], [621, 768]], "first_sentence": "For three months near the end of this war, William Fenwick Williams defended the small town of Kars.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}, {"text": "This man was the leading light of the so-called \"Maler-Companie\" which decorates the northern wall of the Kunsthistorisches (koonst-hih-STOR-ih-shehs) Museum. Three women bow their heads below a pregnant woman who has a skull protruding from her gown in his painting Hope II. This artist's university ceiling paintings of Philosophy, Medicine and Jurisprudence joined a painting of Theology by Franz Matsch. In 2006, The \u00c3\u2013sterreichische (us-tuh-RIE-kuh-shuh) Callery returned a Nazi-seized (*) portrait by this artist of a women in an eye-ball decorated cress. He painted multiple portraits of Adele Bloch-Bauer as well as the Beethoven Frieze. He also showed two lovers embracing on a bed of flowers in a sea of gold leaf. For 10 points, name this leader of the Vienna Secession movement who painted The Kiss. ", "answer": "Gustav Klimt", "page": "Gustav_Klimt", "category": "Fine Arts", "subcategory": "Visual", "tournament": "PACE NSC", "difficulty": "national_high_school", "year": 2015, "proto_id": null, "qdb_id": 116617, "dataset": "quizdb.org", "qanta_id": 136107, "tokenizations": [[0, 158], [159, 275], [276, 407], [408, 459], [460, 561], [562, 645], [646, 724], [725, 811]], "first_sentence": "This man was the leading light of the so-called \"Maler-Companie\" which decorates the northern wall of the Kunsthistorisches (koonst-hih-STOR-ih-shehs) Museum.", "gameplay": false, "fold": "buzzdev"}], "version": "2018.04.18", "maintainer_name": "Pedro Rodriguez", "maintainer_contact": "entilzha@umiacs.umd.edu", "maintainer_website": "http://pedrorodriguez.io", "project_website": "https://github.com/pinafore/qb"}