{ "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": "Carolina Panthers 24\u201310", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": "24\u201310", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": "third Super Bowl title", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": "24\u201310", "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "golden anniversary", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": "50th Super Bowl", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": "February", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": "NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24\u201310", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": "50th Super Bowl", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": "NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": "February", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": "10", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": "third Super Bowl title", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": "third Super Bowl title", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": "Roman numerals", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": "National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": "Carolina Panthers", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": "third Super Bowl title", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": "third Super Bowl title", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": "24\u201310", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": "third Super Bowl title", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": "50th", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": "Carolina Panthers", "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": "Carolina Panthers", "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": "10", "56d600e31c85041400946eae": "American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season", "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": "10", "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": "third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7, 2016", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": "10", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": "MVP", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": "eight appearances in the Super Bowl", "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": "1995", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": "49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": "12\u20134 record, and denied the New England Patriots", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": "Arizona Cardinals", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": "49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": "20\u201318", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": "four teams that have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": "15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": "15", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": "15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": "15", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": "four teams that have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": "20\u201318 in the AFC Championship Game", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": "15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": "eight appearances in the Super Bowl", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": "Cardinals 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game", "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": "MVP", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": "Cardinals", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": "MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": "Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": "1995", "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": "Super Bowl 50", "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": "Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": "Super Bowl 50", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": "Von Miller", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": "Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": "Newton", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": "Denver's defense", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": "five solo tackles", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": "Denver's defense", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": "Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": "Super Bowl MVP", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": "2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": "Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": "MVP", "56d601e41c85041400946ece": "Denver's defense", "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": "Denver's defense, which sacked him seven times", "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": "Newton was limited by Denver's defense", "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": "Super Bowl 50", "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": "Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": "Denver's defense", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": "Super Bowl 50", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": "five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": "Super Bowl MVP", "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": "U.S.", "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": "U.S., and charged an average of $5 million", "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": "British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": "special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": "Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": "U.S.", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": "U.S., and charged an average of $5 million", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": "Bruno Mars", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": "Bruno Mars", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": "Bruno Mars", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": "50", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": "U.S., and charged an average of $5 million", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": "Bruno Mars", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": "U.S. broadcast ever", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": "XLVII", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": "U.S., and charged an average of $5 million", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": "Bruno Mars", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": "British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d602631c85041400946ed8": "50", "56d602631c85041400946eda": "XLVII", "56d602631c85041400946edb": "Bruno Mars", "56d602631c85041400946edc": "Bruno Mars", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": "U.S., and charged an average of $5 million", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": "XLVII", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": "Bruno Mars", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": "Bruno Mars", "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": "Goodell", "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": "Super Bowl", "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": "NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": "Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": "NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell", "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": "Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl", "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": "Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl", "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": "Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl", "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "Super Bowl", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "50th Super Bowl \"spectacular", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": "NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell", "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": "sites", "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": "sites", "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": "sites", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": "Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": "Levi's Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": "Levi's Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": "Miami", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": "three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": "three sites", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": "bids", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": "three sites", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": "Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": "sites", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": "Levi's Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": "sites", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": "three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": "Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": "Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": "XLIV in 2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": "XIX", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "Levi's Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": "Stanford", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": "October 16, 2012", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": "Levi's Stadium", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": "October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": "Levi's Stadium", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": "XIX", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": "Miami area", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": "Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": "Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "XLIV in 2010", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": "XIX", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": "Levi's Stadium", "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": "$1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014", "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": "Levi's Stadium", "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": "Levi's Stadium. The $1.2 billion", "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": "1.2 billion", "56be5523acb8001400a50330": "XIX in 1985, and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": "Boston", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": "XIX", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": "1.2 billion", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": "XIX", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": "Super Bowl XXXVII", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": "2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": "1.2 billion", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": "Levi's Stadium. The $1.2 billion", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": "Super Bowl XIX in 1985, and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": "XXXVII", "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": "Super Bowl XIX", "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": "2 billion", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": "XIX in 1985, and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": "Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": "2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": "2 billion", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": "Levi's Stadium", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": "XIX in 1985, and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII", "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": "John Fox", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": "Panthers", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": "Panthers", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": "Panthers", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": "XLVIII", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": "John Fox", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": "XLVIII", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": "Carolina Panthers", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": "XLVIII", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": "15\u20131 record, while the Denver Broncos", "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": "Super Bowl", "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": "Super Bowl", "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": "Super Bowl 50", "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": "Super Bowl appearance", "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": "15\u20131 record, while the Denver Broncos", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": "Carolina Panthers", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": "Broncos", "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": "John Fox", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": "Carolina Panthers", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": "Carolina Panthers", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": "Carolina Panthers", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": "Carolina", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": "eight All-Pro selections", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": "Carolina Panthers", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": "Carolina Panthers", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": "Carolina", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": "wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": "Carolina Panthers", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "eight All-Pro selections", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": "Carolina Panthers", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": "Carolina Panthers", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "Carolina Panthers", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "eight All-Pro selections", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": "six Pro Bowl selections", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": "Jonathan Stewart", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": "739 yards and 10 touchdowns; Ginn also rushed for 60 yards and returned 27 punts for 277 yards", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "Jonathan Stewart", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "989", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": "NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "77", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "485 yards), rookie Devin Funchess", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": "offense", "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": "989 rushing yards and six touchdowns in 13", "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": "Newton", "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": "636", "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": "Jonathan Stewart", "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": "Pro Bowl running back Jonathan Stewart", "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": "Panthers offense", "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "98", "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": "Jonathan Stewart", "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "99.4", "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "485 yards), rookie Devin Funchess", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": "sixth in the league", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": "136, along with defensive end Kony Ealy", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "Thomas Davis and Luke Kuechly", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": "88", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "11", "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": "sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": "11", "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": "Da", "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": "Luke Kuechly", "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "24", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": "308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "aly", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "136", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": "88", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": "Kubiak", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": "Brock Osweiler", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": "weiler", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": "17 regular season finale", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": "total yards allowed, passing yards allowed and sacks", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": "weiler", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": "Osweiler", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": "17 regular season finale", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": "Gary Kubiak", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": "Osweiler", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": "Manning's return", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": "weiler", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": "Week 17 regular season finale", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": "Kubiak", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": "1998", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": "Gary Kubiak", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": "Osweiler", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": "total yards allowed, passing yards allowed and sacks", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": "1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": "46 receptions for 517 yards", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": "touchdowns", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": "1,967 yards", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": "105", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": "Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": "Demaryius Thomas", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "720", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "Emmanuel Sanders caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": "seven touchdowns", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "720 yards, five touchdowns, 24 receptions, and a 4.7 yards per carry average", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "NFL yards allowed (4,530", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "Malik Jackson", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "Danny Trevathan ranked second with 102", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "Chris Harris, Jr. (two interceptions", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "Pro Bowl", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "total tackles with 109", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "Malik Jackson", "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history, and fourth in points allowed (296", "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "7\u00bd sacks. Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "total tackles with 109", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "Cornerbacks Aqib Talib", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "11 sacks", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "total tackles", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "5\u00bd sacks", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": "49\u201315", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": "49\u201315", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": "Arizona Cardinals", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": "49\u201315", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d701280d65d214001982ba": "49\u201315", "56d701280d65d214001982bc": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": "NFC Championship Game", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": "New England Patriots", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": "20\u201318", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": "New England Patriots", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": "20\u201318", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": "two", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": "17", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": "Thomas Davis", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": "11-year veteran", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": "11-year veteran", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": "Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": "Thomas Davis", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": "11-year veteran", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": "NFC Championship Game. Despite this, he insisted he would still find a way to play in the Super Bowl", "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": "11-year veteran", "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game", "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": "Thomas Davis", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "XXXIII", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": "Super Bowl XXXIII", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": "Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "John Elway, who led the Broncos", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "John Elway", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": "Peyton Manning", "56d704430d65d214001982de": "Super Bowls", "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "XXXIII", "56d704430d65d214001982e1": "age 39", "56d704430d65d214001982e2": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": "age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "XXXIII", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": "Newton", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": "Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": "Manning", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": "Newton was picked first in 2011", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": "Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": "Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": "Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": "Manning", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": "Manning", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": "Newton", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": "Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": "Newton", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": "Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": "Manning", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": "quarterbacks", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": "Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": "Kubiak", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": "Kubiak", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": "Elway", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": "Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": "Kubiak", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": "Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": "Kubiak", "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": "Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": "field goal", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": "N", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": "Atlanta Braves field director Ed Mangan", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker, causing him to slip and miss a field goal", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": "2015", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": "2015 season", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "natural grass stadiums", "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": "419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": "NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": "cleats", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": "2015", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": "natural grass stadiums", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": "Panthers", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": "Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34\u201319", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": "white", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": "matching white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": "34\u201319", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": "34\u201319", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": "Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34\u201319", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": "34\u201319", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": "matching white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": "matching white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": "white", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": "XXXIII", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": "white pants", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": "Super Bowls", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": "matching white pants", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": "Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56d70d240d65d21400198326": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56d70d240d65d21400198327": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "Stanford University", "56d70d240d65d21400198329": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "Stanford University", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": "Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": "Super Bowl V", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": "Super Bowl LI", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": "Jaime Weston", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": "Super Bowl XLV", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": "Vince Lombardi", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": "Super Bowl LI", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": "Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": "Super Bowl L", "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": "Super Bowl LI", "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": "Super Bowl LI", "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": "Super Bowl LI", "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": "Super Bowl LI", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": "Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": "Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields, the numbering of the 50-yard line", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": "gold-trimmed logos", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": "50-yard line on fields was colored gold", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": "gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "Gold footballs were given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl", "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "Golden Super Bowl", "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "Gold footballs were given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl", "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": "50-yard line on fields", "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "gold", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": "Moscone Center in San Francisco", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": "Super Bowl City", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": "$5 million", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "$5 million", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": "January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": "San Francisco", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": "San Francisco mayor Ed Lee", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": "Moscone Center in San Francisco", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": "Super Bowl City", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": "Moscone Center in San Francisco", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": "$5 million", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": "1 million people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": "San Francisco mayor Ed Lee", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": "Jane Kim", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": "San Francisco", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": "pep rally", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": "2 million worth of other ancillary events", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": "pep rally", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": "2 million", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": "pep rally", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": "fundraiser", "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": "Bellomy Field at Santa Clara University, and a pep rally", "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": "fundraiser", "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": "city council", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": "2 million", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": "2 million", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": "Monday evening", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": "Monday evening", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": "February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": "February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": "San Jose", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": "Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": "Monday evening", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": "February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": "February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": "February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": "Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": "Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": "Monday evening", "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": "Monday evening", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": "Monday evening", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": "February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": "February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": "Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": "$40 million", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": "Chevron", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": "40 million", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": "40 million", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": "Super Bowl 50", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": "host committee has already raised over $40 million", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": "Google", "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": "contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": "Super Bowl program", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": "$40 million", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "25 percent", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": "25 percent of all money it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area. The committee created the 50 fund", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "25 percent of all money it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": "philanthropic initiative", "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "Super Bowl ever", "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "Super Bowl 50 Host Committee has vowed to be \"the most giving Super Bowl ever\", and will dedicate 25 percent", "56d71d150d65d21400198370": "philanthropic initiative", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "philanthropic causes in the Bay Area", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "philanthropic initiative", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": "Super Bowl 50", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": "large, 18-karat gold-plated \"50\"", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": "18-karat gold-plated \"50\". Each digit will weigh 33 lb", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": "Lombardi Trophy", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": "Super Bowl champions receive, the winner of Super Bowl 50", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": "Super Bowl 50", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": "18-karat gold-plated \"50", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": "Lombardi Trophy", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": "Super Bowl 50", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": "Lombardi Trophy", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": "CBS", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": "Phil Simms", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": "Tracy Wolfson", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": "pylon cameras and microphones", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": "Super Bowl 50", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": "CBS", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": "Evan Washburn", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": "pylon cameras and microphones along with EyeVision 360", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": "5K resolution", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": "Tracy Wolfson", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": "CBS", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": "CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": "XXXV", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": "Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": "Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": "5K resolution", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": "5K resolution", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": "CBS and the NFL", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": "John Sutcliffe", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre, and sideline reporter John Sutcliffe", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": "CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the game", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": "Spanish-language broadcaster of the game, marking the third dedicated Spanish-language broadcast of the Super Bowl", "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": "CBS", "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": "CBS and the NFL", "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": "John Sutcliffe", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": "CBS", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": "CBS", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": "John Sutcliffe", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "NFL Mobile service", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": "WatchESPN", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": "CBSSports", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": "tablets", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": "Windows 10", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": "CBSSports", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": "smartphones", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "NFL Mobile service", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": "Verizon Communications exclusivity, streaming on smartphones was only provided to Verizon Wireless customers", "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "NFL", "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "NFL", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": "CBSSports.com", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "NFL Mobile service", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": "WatchESPN", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": "Super Bowl 50", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": "James Corden", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": "CBS broadcast special episodes of its late night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": "late night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50", "56d720c70d65d21400198396": "late night talk shows", "56d720c70d65d21400198397": "late local programming", "56d720c70d65d21400198398": "late local programming", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": "CBS set the base rate for a 30-second advertisement at $5,000,000", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": "Anheuser-Busch InBev that allowed the beer manufacturer to air multiple advertisements during the game", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": "Doritos", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": "Super Bowl debut", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": "CBS set the base rate for a 30-second advertisement at $5,000,000", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": "beer manufacturer", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": "Doritos", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": "Pok\u00e9mon", "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": "Anheuser-Busch InBev that allowed the beer manufacturer", "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "Doritos", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "5,000,000", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "Doritos", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "5,000,000", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Death Wish Coffee", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": "Death Wish Coffee", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": "QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee beat out nine other contenders from across the United States", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": "30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee beat out nine other contenders from across the United States", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": "QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": "Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee", "56d722330d65d214001983a6": "Death Wish Coffee", "56d722330d65d214001983a7": "QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee", "56d722330d65d214001983a8": "nine other contenders from across the United States", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "Death Wish Coffee", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "Death Wish Coffee", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": "Bowl", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": "Universal paid for The Secret Life of Pets", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": "Fox", "56d723560d65d214001983ac": "Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios", "56d723560d65d214001983ad": "Super Bowl", "56d723560d65d214001983ae": "Jason Bourne", "56d723560d65d214001983af": "Super Bowl", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "20th Century Fox, Lionsgate", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": "Deadpool", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "halftime", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": "Kevin Harlan", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": "Jim Gray", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": "Jim Gray", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": "Jim Gray", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": "Jim Gray", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": "Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "North America", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": "Jim Gray", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": "Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": "Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": "Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": "Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": "Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": "Jim Gray", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "KOA (850 AM) and KRFX", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": "KOA", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "1110 AM", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "North Carolina", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": "North Carolina", "56d724620d65d214001983be": "KOA", "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "North Carolina", "56d724620d65d214001983c0": "WBT", "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "North Carolina", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "KOA", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "WBT", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": "BBC Radio", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": "5 Live Sports Extra will carry the contest", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": "Darren Fletcher", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": "broadcast", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": "Greg Brady", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": "Chuck Howley", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": "Chuck Howley", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": "MVP of Super Bowls I and II) and Chuck Howley (MVP of Super Bowl V", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": "Super Bowl XII", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "Peyton Manning", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": "43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr (MVP of Super Bowls I and II", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": "Peyton Manning", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": "XII", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": "43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr (MVP of Super Bowls I and II", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": "39", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": "Chuck Howley", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": "V", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": "XII", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": "Marlee Matlin", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Marlee Matlin", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "American Sign Language", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "American Sign Language", "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Marlee Matlin", "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "Marlee Matlin", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": "Marlee Matlin", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": "American Sign Language (ASL) translation", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": "Marlee Matlin", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "American Sign Language (ASL) translation", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": "January 7", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": "British rock group Coldplay", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": "Coldplay", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": "January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyonc\u00e9", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": "Coldplay", "56d725790d65d214001983d8": "Coldplay", "56d725790d65d214001983da": "Pepsi", "56d725790d65d214001983db": "XLVII halftime show", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": "Bruno Mars", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": "Pepsi", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": "British rock group Coldplay. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyonc\u00e9", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": "Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyonc\u00e9", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": "Peyton Manning", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": "tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": "Ronnie Hillman", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": "3\u20130", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "Panthers 14-yard line", "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "Peyton Manning", "56d728a10d65d21400198414": "3-yard", "56d728a10d65d21400198415": "3\u20130", "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "deficit", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": "Peyton Manning", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": "14-yard line, but Carolina", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": "3\u20130 lead on a Brandon McManus 34-yard field goal", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "3\u20130 lead on a Brandon McManus 34-yard field goal. The score marked the first time in the entire postseason", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": "Mike Carey", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": "Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": "Newton", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": "Broncos touchdown", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": "XXVIII", "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": "Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion", "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": "CBS analyst and retired referee Mike Carey", "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": "24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion", "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": "Broncos touchdown", "56d728e00d65d21400198420": "XXVIII", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": "CBS analyst", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": "Newton", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": "Broncos touchdown", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "XXVIII", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": "Jonathan Stewart", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": "Newton", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": "Panthers players", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": "61", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": "McManus", "56d729180d65d21400198426": "Newton completed 4 of 4 passes for 51 yards and rushed twice for 25 yards", "56d729180d65d21400198427": "1-yard touchdown run", "56d729180d65d21400198428": "1-yard touchdown run", "56d729180d65d21400198429": "Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle, apparently thinking Norwood had called a fair catch. Norwood", "56d729180d65d2140019842a": "McManus", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": "10\u20137", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": "10\u20137", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": "safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": "Broncos 40-yard line", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": "Kony Ealy", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": "Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "DeMarcus Ware", "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": "fullback Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": "Panthers", "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": "Panthers", "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": "fullback Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": "Mike Tolbert", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": "Broncos 40-yard line", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": "Kony Ealy", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": "Broncos 40-yard line", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": "Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "Ginn Jr. on the Denver 35-yard line", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": "Newton", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": "McManus", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": "Broncos", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "Trevathan", "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": "Ted Ginn Jr. on the Denver 35-yard line", "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": "Graham Gano hit the uprights", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": "Carolina", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": "Trevathan", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": "Denver 35-yard line", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": "Broncos defense halted the drive on the 26-yard line", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": "Graham Gano hit the uprights", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": "Emmanuel Sanders for gains of 25 and 22 yards", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": "Carolina", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "Stewart then set up Gano's 39-yard field goal", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "Stewart", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "Panthers 41-yard line", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": "Ealy", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": "Carolina", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": "16\u201310", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": "Ealy", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": "Panthers 41-yard line", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": "Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": "Carolina", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": "Newton", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": "cornerback Josh Norman", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": "Newton", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": "Denver", "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": "Newton", "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": "Newton", "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": "Newton", "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": "cornerback Josh Norman", "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": "Carolina", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": "24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": "Newton", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": "Carolina", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": "Denver's offense", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": "Carolina", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": "Miller had six total tackles (five solo), 2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": "141 yards with one interception", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": "McManus", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": "Thomas Davis", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": "265", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": "141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": "141 yards with one interception", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": "90 yards and a touchdown", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": "Sanders", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": "Thomas Davis", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": "Sanders", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": "90 yards and a touchdown", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": "McManus", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": "Newton", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": "four total tackles, a sack, and a forced fumble. Linebacker Luke Kuechly", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": "first downs", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": "Baltimore Ravens", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": "Jordan Norwood", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": "Gary Kubiak", "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": "first downs", "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": "Kony Ealy", "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": "coach", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": "194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "21 to 11", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": "Super Bowl winning team", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": "Kony Ealy", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": "Newton", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "Nobel Prize", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "Polish general and hero of the American Revolutionary War, was born here in 1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven months old", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "15.5 ha, was formally a royal garden. There are over 100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "Saxon Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "east end of the park", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "Wilan\u00f3w Palace Park, dates back to the second half of the 17th century", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "Warsaw", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "Warsaw", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "Warsaw", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "oxbow lakes", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "Kamionek Lake", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "foreign-born inhabitants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "Jewish minority in Warsaw. According to Russian census of 1897", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "638,000", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Polish majority, there was a significant Jewish minority in Warsaw", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "Europe, employing 2,000 professors", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Krak\u00f3w. Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Poland", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "University Library, founded in 1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "two million items", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "15 December 1999", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "12 June 2002", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "Eastern Bloc economy \u2013 though it is worth mentioning that the initial Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", "573399b54776f41900660e65": "Poland", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "Warsaw has seen many improvements due to solid economic growth", "573399b54776f41900660e67": "health care facilities and sanitation facilities have improved markedly", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Poland", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "CMHI", "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e78": "past years", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "Polish National Opera", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Warsaw", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Warsaw Summer Jazz Days", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "Jamboree", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "Midsummer\u2019s Night for a festival called Wianki (Polish for Wreaths", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Polish for Wreaths", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "Night", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern flower", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60 museums", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "museums", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "private collection", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "history of arms", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "Poland", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic theatre", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "Warsaw", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "Ujazd\u00f3w", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "about 500 projects a year", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art, the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "Warsaw", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "September", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw, have significantly fewer supporters, yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "Polonia Warsaw, have significantly fewer supporters, yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "disastrous financial situation", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "mermaid", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "Warsaw is from the year 1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "sea monster", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "Artur Oppman", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "long ago two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey through the depths of the oceans and seas", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "fishermen", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw. She was born Maria G\u00f3rska", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "Polish lawyer Tadeusz \u0141empicki", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style in painting and art", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": ".", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "wide variety of industries", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "Central and Eastern Europe", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex, the European Union agency for external border security", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "Warsaw dates back to the year 1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Warsaw dates back to the year 1313, at a time when Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1596", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "Warsaw", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "Warsaw gained the title of the \"Phoenix City", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic archdiocese (left bank of the Vistula", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences and the University of Warsaw", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "Warsaw", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "Castle Square", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "luxurious parks and royal gardens", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warsz", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "warszawiacy", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "plural", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "Capital City of Warsaw", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "P\u0142ock", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "Warszowa", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "1569", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569", "5733266d4776f41900660714": "Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth", "5733266d4776f41900660715": "Warsaw", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "Krak\u00f3w", "57332a734776f41900660726": "1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660727": "Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon", "57332a734776f41900660729": "constitutional monarchy", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "Warsaw", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "November 1918", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "Russia in 1914, which included Warsaw", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "underground leader Pi\u0142sudski returned to Warsaw on 11 November and set up what became the Second Polish Republic", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "Warsaw", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Germany", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "Warsaw", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "German Nazi colonial administration", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "several hundred thousand", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "Final Solution\" on 19 April 1943", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "Jewish fighters launched the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Despite being heavily outgunned and outnumbered, the Ghetto held out for almost a month", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "Warsaw", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "Red Army arrived. Thus, on 1 August 1944", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "Red Army was nearing the city, the Warsaw Uprising began. The armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "Red Army was nearing the city, the Warsaw Uprising began. The armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "150,000 and 200,000", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Soviets", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Warsaw to address the housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "historic Old Town was inscribed onto UNESCO's World Heritage list", "573330444776f41900660758": "1979, less than a year after becoming pope, John Paul", "573330444776f41900660759": "budding solidarity movement", "573330444776f4190066075a": "John Paul", "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square in Warsaw and ended his sermon", "573330444776f4190066075c": "1979", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "Baltic Sea", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "121 metres (397.0 ft)), Szcz\u0119\u015bliwice hill", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "138 metres (452.8 ft", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "moraine plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds and also groups of clay pits", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "left side consist mainly of two levels: the highest one contains former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "contemporary flooded terrace still has visible valleys", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "architectural styles", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "Second World War, Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction. After liberation", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "Mass residential blocks were erected, with basic design typical of Eastern bloc countries", "573361404776f4190066093c": "Masovian gothic", "573361404776f4190066093d": "Masovian gothic style, St. Mary's Church (1411", "573361404776f4190066093e": "Masovian gothic style", "573361404776f4190066093f": "1562", "573361404776f41900660940": "1596\u20131619", "573362b94776f41900660974": "later decades of the 17th century", "573362b94776f41900660975": "1677\u20131696) and St. Kazimierz Church (1688\u20131692", "573362b94776f41900660976": "rococo architecture are Czapski Palace (1712\u20131721), Palace of the Four Winds", "573362b94776f41900660977": "Roman period", "573362b94776f41900660978": "neoclassical style", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "Rosja building", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "architecture", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism style", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building (1899\u20131902", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "Br\u00fchl Palace", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "Pawiak", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "ramparts of the Old Town", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Wincenty Ku\u0107ma", "573368044776f41900660a29": "University Library garden", "573368044776f41900660a2a": "Orangery", "573368044776f41900660a2b": "northern Mokot\u00f3w, where was the first horse racetrack and then the airport", "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Sejm", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "Ogr\u00f3d Zoologiczny", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "Kampinos Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "Kampinos Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest. Bielany Forest nature reserve is connected with Kampinos Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "\u0141azienki park", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "Warsaw, but in 1945 \u2013 only 420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "1,300,000 people lived in Warsaw, but in 1945 \u2013 only 420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "remedial measure was the Warsaw area enlargement (1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "Varsovians thought of themselves as better only because they lived in the capital", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "Warsaw has been a multi-cultural city", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics, 35.7% Jews", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "Catholics, 35.7% Jews, 5% Greek orthodox Christians", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "hundreds of places of religious worship in all parts of the town. Most of them were destroyed in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "gmina", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "powiats", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "Krak\u00f3w", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Rada Miasta", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "Rada Miasta), which comprises 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "Rada Miasta", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "Council members are elected directly every four years. Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "two-thirds majority vote", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "President of Warsaw had been elected by the City council", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "City council", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "016 companies were registered in the city", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "emerging market", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12% of Poland's national income", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "766 billion PLN", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "stock exchange was established in 1817 and continued trading until World War II. It was re-established in April 1991", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "WSE", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "April 1991", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374 companies listed and total capitalization of 162 584 mln EUR as of 31 August 2009", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "1991 until 2000", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "Polonez", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "1951", "573166ede6313a140071cef2": "Warszawa [var\u02c8\u0282ava] ( listen); see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland", "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "Warszawa", "573166ede6313a140071cef4": "Vistula", "573166ede6313a140071cef5": "666 million residents", "573166ede6313a140071cef6": "9th most-populous capital city in the European Union", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warszawa", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Vistula River", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "Carpathian Mountains", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "666 million residents", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "Latin: Normanni", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "Latin: Normanni", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Norman\" comes from \"Norseman", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Norseman", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "Normans emerged initially in the first half of the 10th century", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "1066", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "centres", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "centres", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Normanz, plural of Normant", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "Nortmannus, Normannus, or Nordmannus", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "fiefdom", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "Charles III of West Francia", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "Normandy", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "880s", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "Nor", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "1066 Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": "Saracen attack occurred. The Normans fought so valiantly", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": "Norman pilgrims to the shrine of the Archangel Michael at Monte Gargano", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": "Monte Gargano", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "Drogo", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "1030", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": "Malta from the Saracens", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": "Roger II of Sicily, was crowned king in 1130", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": "Squillace", "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": "Middle Ages", "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "Roger", "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": "nobles", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "Byzantine Empire and then Armenia, fighting against the Pechenegs", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "Normans of Edessa", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Komnenos", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Franks", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel led a force of \"Franks\" into the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Turkish forces", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Petraliphae", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Byzantium", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "Valona", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "1081", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "Deabolis", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Normans under the command of Bohemond, Robert's son, landed in Valona and besieged Dyrrachium", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185, when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "1185", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "1013", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Normandy", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Ralph", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "England", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Latin language", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Bannow Bay", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Irish culture", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "Margaret, and came into opposition to William", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "Edgar's sister Margaret, and came into opposition to William", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Edgar Atheling, eventually fled to Scotland", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "David I of Scotland, whose elder brother Alexander I had married Sybilla of Normandy", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Normans and Norman culture", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "Marches", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "Cyprus", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "Limassol", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Limassol", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "Limassol", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Richard's fleet arrived in the port of Limassol", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Richard provided that he support Guy against his rival Conrad of Montferrat", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "Richard had promised that he would not place him in irons. By 1 June", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Richard then proceeded to conquer the whole island, his troops being led by Guy de Lusignan", "56de41504396321400ee2714": "Richard the Lion-Heart", "56de41504396321400ee2715": "12 May 1191 at the Chapel of St. George", "56de41504396321400ee2716": "Cyprus", "56de48f34396321400ee2770": "1489 that the Venetians", "56de48f34396321400ee2771": "Templar", "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Lanzarote, Fuerteventura", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Castile", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "1418, Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "1418, Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "Channel Islands", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "Latin", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded arches, particularly over windows and doorways", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of the Anglo-Saxon", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of the Anglo-Saxon", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Early Gothic", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "Cluniac reform of monasteries", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "dukes", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "French Revolution", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Bayeux Tapestry, which is not a tapestry but a work of embroidery", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "Greek", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "classical music in the 11th century", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "Volpiano and John of Ravenna", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "Saint-Evroul fled to southern Italy", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Latin monastery at Sant'Eufemia", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard and established a Latin monastery at Sant'Eufemia", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "southern Italy, where they were patronised by Robert Guiscard and established a Latin monastery", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": "\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": "\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": "\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": "\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": "\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": "10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430", "56df9ee138dc421700152108": "Thomas Edison in New York City", "56df9ee138dc421700152109": "1884", "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": "George Westinghouse", "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": "Thomas Edison in New York City", "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": "1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": "1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": "George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": "New York City", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": "George Westinghouse", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": "George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla", "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "wireless communication with his devices", "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs", "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "1893", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "Colorado Springs", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "possibility of wireless communication with his devices", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "wireless controlled boat", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "intercontinental wireless transmission", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "7 January 1943", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "1960", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": "1943", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "mad scientist", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": "mad scientist\". His patents", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "7 January 1943", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": "Weights and Measures", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "1990s", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": "mad scientist", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": "Croatia", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": "Milutin Tesla", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": "\u0110uka", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": "\u0110uka", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": "Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": "Milutin Tesla", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": "\u0110uka Tesla", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": "\u0110uka", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": "\u0110uka", "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": "Dane", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "Nikola was five. In 1861, Tesla attended the \"Lower\" or \"Primary\" School in Smiljan", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "Austrian Empire", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": "Dane", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": "Dane and three sisters, Milka, Angelina", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": "Nikola was five. In 1861", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "1861", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": "Austrian Empire", "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": "Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": "Karlovac", "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": "integral calculus", "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": "integral calculus", "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": "Karlovac", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": "Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": "Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": "Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": "German", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": "1873", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": "cholera", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": "Smiljan", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": "cholera", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": "priesthood", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": "Smiljan", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": "birthtown, Smiljan", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": "cholera", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": "Smiljan", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": "1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": "despair, promised to send him to the best engineering school", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": "Smiljan", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": "books", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": "Tomingaj", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": "Smiljan", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": "Tomingaj", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": "Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": "Tomingaj, near Gra\u010dac", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": "Tomingaj", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": "Tomingaj", "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": "Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship", "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": "Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship", "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": "1879", "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": "gambling", "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": "1875", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": "Graz, Austria", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": "Graz, Austria", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": "1879", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": "end of his second year, Tesla lost his scholarship and became addicted to gambling", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": "1879", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": "Graz", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": "Graz", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": "Maribor", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": "1878", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": "Nikola refused. Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": "1878", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": "Graz", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": "Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school. His friends thought that he had drowned", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": "Slovenia", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": "Nikola refused. Nikola", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": "police guard for not having a residence permit", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": "police guard for not having a residence permit", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": "unspecified illness", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": "Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60 after contracting an unspecified illness", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": "Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": "Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": "police guard", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": "17 April 1879", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": "Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60 after contracting an unspecified illness (although some sources say that he died of a stroke", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": "1880", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": "Charles-Ferdinand University", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": "lectures at the university", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": "university", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": "Prague", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": "study", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": "study. Unfortunately, he arrived too late to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": "uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospi\u0107 for Prague where he was to study", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": "Budapest", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": "Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": "Budapest", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": "repeater or amplifier", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": "draftsman", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": "Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": "Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": "Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": "chief electrician", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": "France", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": "France", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": "New York City:57\u201360", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": "Thomas Edison", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": "France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": "Thomas Edison", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": "France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "57\u201360", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": "Thomas Edison", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": "Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "direct current generators", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": "fifty thousand dollars", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "Edison Company's direct current generators", "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy", "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "Edison, saying that he was only joking, replied, \"Tesla", "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "fifty thousand dollars", "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company", "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": "Benjamin Vail", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": "Tesla", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment and also seemed to think it was better to develop an electrical utility", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "penniless", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "1886/1887", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "terrible headaches and bitter tears", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "penniless", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "$2 per day", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "1886/1887", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": "Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": "Tesla Electric Company with an agreement that profits from generated patents would go \u2153 to Tesla, \u2153 to Peck and Brown", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": "Tesla Electric Company", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": "89 Liberty Street", "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": "Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": "Peck", "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": "late 1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": "89 Liberty Street", "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": "Tesla Electric Company", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": "induction motor", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": "1887", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": "commutator", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": "self-starting design", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": "polyphase current", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": "alternating current", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": "induction motor", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": "sparking and the high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": "1882", "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": "Tesla", "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": "Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system, including his induction motor", "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE", "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": "Westinghouse", "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": "Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": "Westinghouse", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": "Westinghouse", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": "Italian physicist", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": "Tesla", "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": "polyphase induction motor and transformer designs for $60,000 in cash and stock", "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": "George Westinghouse for Tesla's polyphase induction motor and transformer designs for $60,000 in cash and stock", "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": "George Westinghouse", "56e05900231d4119001ac051": "$60,000", "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": "George Westinghouse for Tesla's polyphase induction motor and transformer designs for $60,000 in cash and stock", "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": "George Westinghouse", "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": "60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor. Westinghouse", "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": "Pittsburgh labs", "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": "Pittsburgh", "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": "Pittsburgh", "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": "60-cycle AC current system Tesla proposed (to match the working frequency of Tesla's motor", "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": "DC traction motor", "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": "alternating current system to power the city's streetcars", "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": "alternating current system", "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "Thomas Edison", "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "Thomas Edison", "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890", "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "Thomas Edison", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": "Westinghouse", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": "Westinghouse", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": "1886", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": "Thomas Edison", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": "Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": "Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": "Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": "Polyphase System", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": "high-frequency alternating current", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": "Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": "Columbian Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": "Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "one million dollars", "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": "Richard Dean Adams", "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": "Adams", "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": "Westinghouse Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": "Westinghouse Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": "Richard Dean Adams", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": "Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company sought Tesla", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": "Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company sought Tesla", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": "Electric", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "two-phased system", "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": "patent-sharing agreement was signed between the two companies", "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": "Westinghouse Electric purchasing the patents for a lump sum payment of $216,000", "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": "lump sum payment of $216,000", "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": "lump sum payment of $216,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": "Westinghouse Electric", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": "Westinghouse had paid out an estimated $200,000 in licenses and royalties", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": "lump sum payment of $216,000", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": "naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": "Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": "wireless power transmission", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": "Tesla coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": "naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": "Tesla coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": "naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": "electric lamps wirelessly at both locations, demonstrating the potential of wireless power transmission", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "Institute of Radio Engineers", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": "1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": "radiant energy", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": "$50,000", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": "Crookes tubes", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": "Geissler tube", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": "X-Rays", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "Crookes tubes", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": "Crookes tubes", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": "December 1895 announcement of the discovery of x-rays", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": "x-rays", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": "X-ray imaging", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": "radiography", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": "radiography", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "X-rays", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": "X-ray imaging", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": "X-ray imaging", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": "X-ray imaging", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": "radiography", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": "longitudinal waves", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": "Roentgen rays", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": "ozone generated in contact with the skin", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": "X-ray-producing devices", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": "longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasmas. These plasma waves can occur in force-free magnetic fields", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": "skin damage to various causes. He believed early on that damage to the skin was not caused by the Roentgen rays", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": "longitudinal waves", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": "X-rays", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": "Roentgen rays", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": "Tesla", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": "Tesla's induction motor", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": "Tesla", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": "copper egg stand on end using a device he constructed known as the Egg of Columbus", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": "Tesla", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": "Tesla", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": "Tesla, in which he recalled an event that would occasionally take place while experimenting with his single-electrode vacuum tubes; a minute particle", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": "electric gun", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": "Tesla", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "Tesla Coil", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "Pennsylvania", "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": "radio-controlled boat\u2014which he dubbed \"teleautomaton", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": "teleautomaton", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": "teleautomaton", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": "radio-controlled boat", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": "teleautomaton", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "17 Tesla patents", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": "Tesla patents", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": "transatlantic radio transmission in 1901, Tesla quipped that it was done with 17 Tesla patents", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": "17 Tesla patents, though there is little to support this claim. This was the beginning of years of patent battles over radio", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": "Supreme Court of the United States decision restored the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone", "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": "15 June 1899, Tesla performed his first experiments at his Colorado Springs lab", "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": "Colorado Springs", "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": "Colorado Springs lab", "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": "Colorado Springs lab", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": "stationary waves", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "lightning signals via his receivers. He stated that he observed stationary waves", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "stationary waves", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": "millions of volts", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": "135 feet", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": "135 feet long. Thunder", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": "Light bulbs within 100 feet", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": "circles", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": "August 1917", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": "August 1917", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": "August 1917", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": "August 1917", "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": "Mars", "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": "Mars", "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": "Mars", "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": "Mars", "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": "July 1899", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": "Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": "Colorado Springs experiments", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": "Colorado Springs experiments", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": "Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system. Instead, Tesla used the money to fund his Colorado Springs experiments", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": "Colorado Springs", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": "torn down in 1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": "torn down in 1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": "1904", "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "Wardenclyffe", "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "wireless telecommunications", "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": "Wardenclyffe", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": "Morgan was shocked by the reminder of his part in the stock market crash and by Tesla's breach of contract", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": "Morgan", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": "funds", "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": "Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": "Wardenclyffe", "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": "Tesla", "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": "187 feet (57 m). In July 1903", "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine", "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": "Tesla demonstrated his 200 horsepower (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine", "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "bladeless turbine", "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "Tesla demonstrated his 200 horsepower (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine", "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "Tesla's oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "Tesla's oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "experiment", "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": "1912", "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": "few weeks", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": "application of electricity to the brain enhanced intelligence", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": "dull students bright by saturating them unconsciously with electricity", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": "1912", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "William H. Maxwell", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": "Tesla sought overseas investors", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": "European countries", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": "European countries. Eventually, he sold Wardenclyffe for $20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": "European countries", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": "Edison Medal", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": "electric ray\" of \"tremendous frequency", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": "electric ray\" of \"tremendous frequency,\" with the signal being viewed on a fluorescent screen", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "high frequency radio waves would penetrate water but \u00c9mile Girardeau, who helped develop France's first radar system in the 1930s", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": "first radar system in the 1930s", "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": "Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": "Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": "Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": "1915", "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": "Edison and Tesla", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": "Edison", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": "Edison did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1915 and Tesla", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": "Edison", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": "655,114", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": "biplane", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": "Tesla thought the plane would sell for less than $1,000", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": "VTOL aircraft) and then be \"gradually tilted through manipulation of the elevator devices\" in flight until it was flying like a conventional plane", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": "Tesla $125 per month", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": "Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": "Tesla $125 per month", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": "Tesla $125 per month", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": "mechanical energy", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": "Tesla", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": "Tesla", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": "Tesla", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "1935", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": "pigeons. While crossing a street a couple of blocks from the hotel, Tesla was unable to dodge a moving taxicab", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": "doctor", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": "three of his ribs were broken in the accident", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": "months", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": "months", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "teleforce\" weapon after studying the Van de Graaff generator", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": "teleforce\" weapon after studying the Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": "teleforce", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": "teleforce\" weapon after studying the Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "teleforce\" weapon after studying the Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "death ray", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "death ray", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": "death ray", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": "high voltage", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "little time will pass before I can give it to the world", "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": "superweapon", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": "document in an attempt to expound on the technical description of a \"superweapon that would put an end to all war", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": "Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": "particle beam weapons", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": "superweapon", "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": "steal the invention. His room had been entered and his papers had been scrutinized, but the thieves, or spies", "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": "teleforce weapon", "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": "scrutinized", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": "Tesla died alone in room 3327", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": "7 January 1943, at the age of 86, Tesla died alone in room 3327", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": "Tesla died alone in room 3327 of the New Yorker Hotel", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "two days earlier", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": "coronary thrombosis", "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": "Alien Property Custodian", "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": "Alien Property Custodian", "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": "three-day investigation, Trump's report concluded that there was nothing which would constitute a hazard in unfriendly hands", "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": "Alien Property Custodian", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": "10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": "two thousand people attended a state funeral for Tesla", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": "12 January, two thousand people", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": "Tesla", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": "Tesla", "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": "Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": "Sava Kosanovi\u0107", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": "United States", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": "Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": "United States to Belgrade", "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": "278 patents issued to Tesla in 26 countries", "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": "278 patents issued to Tesla in 26", "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "26 countries that have been accounted for. Many of Tesla's patents were in the United States, Britain, and Canada", "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": "patent archives", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": "6:00 p.m. or later, with dinner from exactly 8:10 p.m., at Delmonico's restaurant", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": "8:10 p.m., at Delmonico's restaurant", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": "3:00 a.m.\":283, 286", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": "headwaiter", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": "10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": "one hundred times for each foot every night", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": "one hundred times for each foot every night", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": "one hundred times for each foot every night, saying that it stimulated his brain cells", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": "telepathy", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": "Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": "one", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": "pigeons", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": "2,000", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": "pigeons", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "pigeons", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": "hotel room", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": "142 pounds (64 kg", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": "142 pounds", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 142 pounds (64 kg", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": "142 pounds (64 kg), with almost no weight variance from 1888", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": "polyglot", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": "282 Tesla related in his autobiography that he experienced detailed moments of inspiration", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "extreme precision, including all dimensions, before moving to the construction stage, a technique sometimes known as picture thinking", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": "blinding flashes of light", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": "photographic memory", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": "48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": "48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.:43, 301 On one occasion at his laboratory", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": "chess and card-playing", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": "Tesla", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": "journalist", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": "chastity", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "chastity", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "marrying", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": "Dorothy Skerrit", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": "modesty, refinement, generosity", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": "seclude himself with his work", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": "work", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": "Julian Hawthorne, wrote, \"seldom", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": "middle age, Tesla became a close friend of Mark Twain", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": "Tesla became a close friend of Mark Twain", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": "Tesla became a close friend of Mark Twain", "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": "overweight people, such as when he fired a secretary because of her weight.:110 He was quick to criticize clothing", "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "overweight people, such as when he fired a secretary because of her weight", "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": ":110", "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": "110 He was quick to criticize clothing", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "subatomic particles, stating there was no such thing as an electron", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": "physics", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": "19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\" that transmitted electrical energy", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "electrical energy", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "Einstein", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "Tesla", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": "Einstein's theory of relativity", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": "dynamic theory of gravity", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": "physical principle regarding matter and energy", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": "dynamic theory of gravity\" that \"[would] put an end to idle speculations and false conceptions, as that of curved space", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": "age 81", "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "eugenics", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "pity\" had interfered with the natural \"ruthless workings of nature", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "humans' \"pity\" had interfered with the natural \"ruthless workings of nature", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "1937", "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": "Queen Bees", "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": "women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": "Queen Bees", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "printed article, \"Science and Discovery are the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War\" (20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "League of Nations", "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "Tesla believed that the League of Nations", "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": "orthodox sense,\" and opposed religious fanaticism", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": "orthodox sense,\" and opposed religious fanaticism", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": "Christianity", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": "1937", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": "other statements that he made. For example, in his article, \"A Machine to End War\", published in 1937", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": "Machine to End War", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": "Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by David Hatcher Childress; and The Tesla Papers", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": "Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by David Hatcher Childress; and The Tesla Papers", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": "Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by Ben Johnston", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": "Nikola Tesla", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": "Nikola Tesla", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "Nikola Tesla", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": "science fiction", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": "several types of science fiction", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": "science fiction", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": "Tesla's 75th birthday", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": "75th birthday", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": "75th birthday", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": "Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": "Albert Einstein", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "theoretical computer science", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "amenable", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "time and storage", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "computation", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "computation to study these problems and quantifying the amount of resources needed to solve them, such as time and storage. Other complexity measures", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "computation", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory. A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory. A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory. A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "abstract question to be solved", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "computational complexity theory", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "problem instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "instance", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "Germany's 15 largest cities", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "traveling salesman problem", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "particular problem instances", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "string over an alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "real-world computer, mathematical objects other than bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "adjacency matrices", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "computational complexity theory", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "either yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0. A decision problem can be viewed as a formal language", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "either yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0. A decision problem can be viewed as a formal language", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "non-members", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "input string", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "an arbitrary graph", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "formal language associated with this decision problem is then the set of all connected graphs", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "binary strings", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "traveling salesman problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "single output", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "decision problem", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "function problems can be recast as decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "triples", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "larger instances", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "larger instances", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "Complexity theory", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "input size", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham's thesis", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "time taken can be expressed as a function of n", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "worst-case time complexity T(n)", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "maximum time taken over all inputs of size n", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "polynomial time algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "theoretical device", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "bits", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "rules", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "random bits. The ability to make probabilistic decisions often helps algorithms solve problems more efficiently. Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-determinism", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines, non-deterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "memory", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "multi-tape Turing machines", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic Turing machine is a computational model", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "non-deterministic time", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "non-deterministic time", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "DTIME", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "DTIME", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "DTIME", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "DTIME", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity measure", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "complexity measure", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "communication complexity, circuit complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "complexity measure", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "time complexity", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "n2", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "analysis of algorithms", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "lower bounds", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "upper bound T(n) on the time complexity of a problem", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "all possible algorithms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "15n + 40, in big O notation one would write T(n) = O(n2", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "big O notation, which hides constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework. Thus, a typical complexity class", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "complicated definitions", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "complicated definitions", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "chosen machine model", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quadratic time", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "xx | x is any binary string} can be solved in linear time on a multi-tape Turing machine", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Goldreich 2008, Chapter 1.2). This forms the basis for the complexity class P", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "FP", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space used by the algorithm", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "complexity classes", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "important complexity classes of decision problems", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "AC and NC, which are defined using Boolean circuits", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean circuits", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "QMA, which are defined using quantum Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "QMA", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "#P is an important complexity class of counting problems (not decision problems). Classes like IP and AM are defined using Interactive proof systems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "computation time", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "DTIME(n2)", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "time and space requirements", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "time and space requirements", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "proper set inclusions, we can proceed to make quantitative statements", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in EXPTIME", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "EXPTIME", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "EXPTIME", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "another problem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "more difficult than Y, and we say that X reduces to Y", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "polynomial", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "complexity of reductions", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial time", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "polynomial time. For example, the problem of squaring an integer can be reduced to the problem of multiplying two integers", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplying two integers", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "hard problems", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "complexity class", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "hard problems", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "NP", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "NP-complete problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "\u03a01", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "deterministic Turing machines are special non-deterministic Turing machines", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "P equals NP", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "NP", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "problem", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "NP-intermediate problems", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "P nor NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems. The graph isomorphism problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "finite graphs are isomorphic. An important unsolved problem in complexity theory", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "complexity theory", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "second level", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "NP-complete", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer. Phrased as a decision problem", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "prime factorization of a given integer. Phrased as a decision problem", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "RSA algorithm", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "RSA algorithm", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "PSPACE", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "PSPACE", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "PSPACE", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "complexity classes between P and PSPACE", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "NP problems", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "NP problems", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "NP", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "logarithmic space", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "NL and NC", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "n15", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "NP-complete problems", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger arithmetic", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "decision problem in Presburger arithmetic", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "Presburger arithmetic", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "quadratic time", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "Presburger arithmetic", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Turing machines by Alan Turing in 1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "Alan Turing in 1936, which turned out to be a very robust and flexible simplification of a computer", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "Alan Turing in 1936, which turned out to be a very robust and flexible simplification of a computer", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "Alan Turing in 1936, which turned out to be a very robust and flexible simplification of a computer", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "Homer (2003) point out, the beginning of systematic studies in computational complexity is attributed to the seminal paper \"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965), which laid out the definitions of time and space complexity and proved the hierarchy theorems. Also, in 1965", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "Myhill 1960), Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Yamada", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "concrete choice of input encoding", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "concrete choice of input encoding", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "Richard Karp", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": "called the curriculum", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": "pedagogy", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "a university or college", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": "lesson plan to facilitate student learning, providing a course of study which is called the curriculum", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": "college", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": "Teachers", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "numeracy", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": "craftsmanship", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "Teachers", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": "formal education can take place through home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": "home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": "home schooling. Informal learning", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": "formal education can take place through home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": "formal education can take place through home schooling", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "rabbis", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "Bible", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": "Quran, Torah or Bible", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "Bible", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": "Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": "field trips, supervise study halls", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": "extracurricular activities", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": "formal teaching", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "some education systems", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": "teacher's colleges", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": "teacher's colleges", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": "teacher's colleges", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": "teaching profession", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": "teaching profession", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": "teachers", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": "professional misconduct and taking appropriate disciplinary action and accrediting teacher education programs", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": "publicly funded schools", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "education programs", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": "publicly funded schools", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": "a tutor", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": "a tutor", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": "another environment such as outdoors", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": "tutor", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": "pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": "pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": "field trips", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": "rise of the internet over the past decade", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "pedagogy", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "practical skill", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "the relevant authority", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": "standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "relevant authority", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": "learners", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "self-study and problem solving", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "cocky", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": "timid", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": "learners", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": "primary school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": "secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": "primary school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": "secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": "primary school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "primary education", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": "primary education do exist. One of these, sometimes referred to as a \"platoon\" system", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": "primary education do exist. One of these, sometimes referred to as a \"platoon\" system", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": "primary education", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "primary education", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "Co-teaching", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": "two", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": "Co-teaching is defined as two or more teachers", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": "Co-teaching is defined as two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": "social networking", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": "corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": "corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": "corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": "corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "substitute parent", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": "spanking or paddling", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": "spanking or paddling", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": "paddling", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": "1977", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": "paddling", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "South", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": "Private schools", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": "public schools", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": "Texas", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": "Private schools", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": "schools", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": "Caribbean countries", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": "School corporal punishment", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": "Saturday detention", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": "Singapore", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": "Saturday detention", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": "classroom", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": "essay", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": "assertive teacher", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": "misbehavior", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": "clear boundaries", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": "inappropriate behavior", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": "assertive teacher", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": "assertive and confrontational style of discipline", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": "modern schooling", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": "modern schooling stem from the weakness in school discipline", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "confrontational style of discipline", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": "Japan", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": "40 to 50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": "little opportunity for concentration and focus on what is being taught", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": "disruptive students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": "disruptive students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": "motivated students, ignoring attention-seeking and disruptive students", "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": "dictatorial authority", "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": "dictatorial authority", "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": "dictatorial authority", "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": "dictatorial authority", "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": "laws", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": "positive learning experience towards the course materials", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": "receptive students", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": "rote", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": "course materials", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "vitality in the classroom", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": "more likely to read lecture material outside of the classroom", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": "demonstrative gesturing", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "college students", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "demonstrative gesturing, dramatic movements which are varied, and emotional facial expressions", "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": "self-determined", "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": "intrinsic motivation. Teacher enthusiasm", "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "intrinsically motivated", "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": "intrinsic motivation. Teacher enthusiasm", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": "beneficial relations with their students", "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "personal achievement", "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": "aligning his personal goals", "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships. Enthusiastic teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": "effective teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": "effective teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "effective teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "Effective teachers", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "teacher enthusiasm are enthusiasm about teaching, enthusiasm about the students", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "subject matter they are teaching", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "excitement in the student", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": "subject matter they are teaching", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "teacher enthusiasm", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "sexual misconduct", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "6%", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "9.6% of students in the United States", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "sexual misconduct", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": "courts", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "British study", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": "teachers", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": "2,869 young people between the ages of 18 and 24", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": "2,065 8th to 11th grade students", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": "Debra LaFave", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": "Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau have caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "teaching avoiding the profession. This has in some jurisdictions", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Women Teachers", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": "general secretary of National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "some jurisdictions", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": "statutory rape", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "occupational stress", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "long hours", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "occupational burnout", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": "occupational stress", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": "occupational stress", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": "42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": "42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": "average workers", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": "average workers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": "Organizational interventions", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": "mentoring, changing the work environment", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": "stress-management training and counseling", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": "Organizational interventions", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": "teachers' schedules", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": "almost all countries", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": "a recognized body", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": "elementary school education certificate", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": "many educational institutions especially within the US, require that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": "psychiatric evaluation", "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": "individual states and territories", "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": "primary education (primary schools", "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "three-tier model", "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools) and tertiary education (universities and/or TAFE colleges", "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "primary education (primary schools", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": "post-secondary degree Bachelor's Degree", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": "Bachelor's Degree such as a Bachelor of Education", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": "private school", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": "civil servants", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": "civil servants recruited in special university classes", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": "Realschule", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": "civil servants' salary index scale (Bundesbesoldungsordnung", "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": "Realschule", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": "Gaeltacht area", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": "\u20ac27", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": "\u20ac53,423", "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": "\u20ac90,000", "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": "Teaching Council", "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": "Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": "Teaching Council", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": "teaching profession", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": "non-teaching posts", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": "teaching profession. These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": "non-teaching posts and those who refuse vetting \"cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": "\u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": "\u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004 in September 2007, although some salaries can go much higher depending on experience and extra responsibilities", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": "\u00a320,980 annually", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": "state schools must have at least a bachelor's degree", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": "\u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004 in September 2007", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": "alternative licensing programs", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": "alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": "geographic area and subject taught", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": "alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions. Excellent job opportunities", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": "secondary school teachers", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": "GTCS", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": "GTCS). Teaching in Scotland", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": "Scottish Universities", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": "GTCS", "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "GTCS", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": "April 2008", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": "\u00a320,427 for a Probationer, up to \u00a332,583 after 6 years teaching", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": "\u00a320,427 for a Probationer, up to \u00a332,583 after 6 years teaching", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": "\u00a320,427 for a Probationer, up to \u00a332,583 after 6 years teaching", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": "unpromoted teachers in Scotland", "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "Wales differs in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom", "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "Welsh", "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "medium of Welsh: in 2008/09", "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "main medium of instruction", "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "all age groups", "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": "Wales", "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": "Welsh schools", "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "ATL, NUT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": "Welsh schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": "Teaching certification", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": "public schools. Teaching certification generally lasts three years, but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years", "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": "three years, but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years. Public school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree", "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": "charter schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": "charter schools", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": "relatively low salaries", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": "average teacher salaries", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": "51,009", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": "K-12 teachers, elementary school teachers had the lowest median salary earning $39,259", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": "other teachers through the web in order to earn supplemental income", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": "Orthodox Catholic and Protestant traditions", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": "hierarchical Christian traditions", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": "Roman Catholicism", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": "Protestant traditions", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": "LDS Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": "spiritual teacher", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": "LDS Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": "Patriarch", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": "father of the house", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": "guru", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": "guru, and, in many traditions of Hinduism - especially those common in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": "guru, and, in many traditions of Hinduism - especially those common in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": "guru, and, in many traditions of Hinduism", "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": "Dharma in Tibet", "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": "phowa", "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": "Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": "Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": "Tulku", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": "ulemas", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": "Islamic law", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "Sufism", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": "spiritual teacher", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": "Qutb", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": "1483 \u2013 18 February 1546", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": "1546", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": "1483 \u2013 18 February 1546", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "Catholic Church", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": "1517", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": "eternal life", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": "sin", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": "Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God and opposed sacerdotalism", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": "Bible", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": "holy priesthood", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "Bible", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "Latin", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "Tyndale Bible", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "Tyndale Bible. His hymns", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "clerical marriage", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": "Hans Luder", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": "Hans Luder", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "Eisleben, Saxony, then part of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": "1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": "Martin", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": "1501, at the age of 19", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": "beerhouse and whorehouse", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": "Erfurt", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": "Erfurt", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": "1505", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": "law school", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": "law represented uncertainty", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": "law school", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": "reason", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": "question men and institutions, but not God", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": "his father he was terrified of death and divine judgment", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": "17 July 1505", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "17 July 1505", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": "1505", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": "17 July 1505", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": "Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": "Augustinian", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": "continual reflection", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": "continual reflection upon his sins toward the merits of Christ", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": "superior", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": "1508, von Staupitz", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": "1508, von Staupitz", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": "teach theology", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": "1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": "bachelor's degree in Biblical studies on 9 March 1508", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": "21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": "21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": "Bible", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": "Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": "21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": "1516", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": "Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": "Roman Catholic theology stated that faith alone, whether fiduciary or dogmatic", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": "fiduciary or dogmatic, cannot justify man; justification rather depends only on such faith as is active in charity and good works", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": "Roman", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": "Albert of Mainz", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": "Albert of Mainz, protesting the sale of indulgences", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": "Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences\", which came to be known as The Ninety-Five Theses", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": "Hans Hillerbrand", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": "poor believers", "56f80143aef2371900625d68": "Johann Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "Johann Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "Johann Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "Johann Tetzel", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": "Christians", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": "buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": "all punishments", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": "Christians", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": "Christ", "56f8046faef2371900625d71": "Tetzel", "56f8046faef2371900625d72": "indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d73": "indulgences for the dead, his teaching on indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d74": "Catholic dogma of the time", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": "history", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": "truth", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": "Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": "Philipp", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": "story of the posting on the door, even though it has settled as one of the pillars of history", "56f8074faef2371900625d79": "Latin into German", "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": "Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press", "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": "Latin into German", "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": "two weeks", "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": "two weeks", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": "1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": "1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": "early part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive. Three of his best-known works were published in 1520", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": "1520", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": "1520", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": "1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": "1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": "1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": "1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": "godliness", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "Christians", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": "1525 publication On the Bondage of the Will", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": "God", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": "Smalcald Articles", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": "1:17) lives by faith", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "Christ and His salvation\" was the first of two points", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "two points", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": "Christ and His salvation", "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "Christ and His salvation\" was the first of two points", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Magdeburg", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": "Magdeburg", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": "Rome. He needed the revenue from the indulgences to pay off a papal dispensation", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": "95 Theses. He had the theses checked for heresy and in December 1517", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": "Magdeburg", "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "papal theology", "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": "Rome", "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "Imperial Diet", "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "Cajetan", "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "Cajetan", "56f81393aef2371900625da9": "Saxon", "56f81393aef2371900625daa": "Saxon", "56f81393aef2371900625dab": "Johann Eck, however, was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum", "56f81393aef2371900625dac": "1519", "56f81393aef2371900625dad": "theologian", "56f81537aef2371900625db3": "Luther", "56f81537aef2371900625db4": "15 June 1520", "56f81537aef2371900625db5": "papal bull (edict) Exsurge Domine that he risked excommunication", "56f81537aef2371900625db6": "Karl von Miltitz", "56f81537aef2371900625db7": "15 June 1520", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": "April 1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": "Luther", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": "Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Johann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": "assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": "Johann Eck", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": "second question. He prayed, consulted friends, and gave his response the next day", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": "their contents", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": "Luther raised his arm", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": "Michael Mullett", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": "Michael Mullett", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "speech, Luther raised his arm \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": "recant his writings", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "recant his writings", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": "I can do no other\". Recent scholars consider the evidence for these words to be unreliable", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": "Luther", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "Luther's fate. The Emperor presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms on 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": "1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": "25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": "Edict of Worms on 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": "Luther", "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "masked horsemen", "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "Frederick III had him intercepted on his way home in the forest near Wittenberg by masked horsemen", "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": "Eisenach", "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": "Testament from Greek", "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": "sale of indulgences", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": "good work designed to attract God's favor is a sin", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": "1521", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": "1521", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": "Melanchthon", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": "1521", "56f84485aef2371900625f71": "1521, Luther widened his target from individual pieties like indulgences", "56f84485aef2371900625f72": "idolatry", "56f84485aef2371900625f73": "idolatry", "56f84485aef2371900625f74": "private confession and absolution", "56f84485aef2371900625f75": "Martin", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": "1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy, in which he broadened the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": "1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy, in which he broadened the foundations of the Reformation", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": "1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy, in which he broadened the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": "1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy, in which he broadened the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": "1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy", "56f84760aef2371900625f81": "June 1521", "56f84760aef2371900625f82": "Gabriel Zwilling, embarked on a radical programme of reform there in June 1521", "56f84760aef2371900625f83": "June 1521, exceeding anything envisaged by Luther", "56f84760aef2371900625f84": "Martin Luther to All Christians", "56f84760aef2371900625f85": "Wittenberg", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": "Wittenberg", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": "Wittenberg", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": "Wittenberg", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "Invocavit Sermons", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": "6 March 1522", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "Luther's intervention was immediate. After the sixth sermon", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "Wittenberg jurist Jerome Schurf", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "elector", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "elector", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "misguided people", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": "public order", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": "conservative force", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": "Zwickau prophets", "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": "radical reformers", "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": "Zwickau prophets", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": "Zwickau prophet Nicholas Storch and Thomas M\u00fcntzer", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": "Zwickau prophet Nicholas Storch and Thomas M\u00fcntzer helped instigate the German Peasants' War", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": "1524\u201325", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": "1524\u201325", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": "peasants to believe he would support an attack on the upper classes", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": "Twelve Articles in May 1525, but he reminded the aggrieved to obey the temporal authorities", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": "Thuringia", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": "nobles", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": "peasants' grievances, as he showed in his response to the Twelve Articles in May 1525", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": "temporal authorities", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": "three grounds", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": "Christian brethren", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": "Romans", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "Christian brethren", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "Christian brethren", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": "secular powers", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": "Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525, followed by M\u00fcntzer's execution", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": "Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525, followed by M\u00fcntzer's execution", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": "Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525, followed by M\u00fcntzer's execution", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": "secular powers", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": "Katharina", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "herring barrels", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "Luther", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": "Katharina", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": "Johannes Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": "Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": "wedding banquet", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": "Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": "Bugenhagen", "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": "clerical marriage", "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": "clerical marriage", "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": "clerical marriage. He had long condemned vows of celibacy on Biblical grounds", "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": "clerical marriage", "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": "Melanchthon, who called it reckless", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": "1525\u201332", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": "1525\u201332", "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": "1525\u201332", "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "My Katie", "56f8575aaef2371900626001": "boarders", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": "1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": "1529", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": "supervisory church body", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": "1529", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": "revolutionary", "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": "extreme change", "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": "1528", "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": "Saxony", "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": "John the Steadfast", "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "temporal sovereign", "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": "1526. He did not intend it as a replacement for his 1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass", "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": "German Mass, which he published in early 1526. He did not intend it as a replacement for his 1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass", "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": "German Mass, which he published in early 1526. He did not intend it as a replacement for his 1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass", "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": "Latin Mass", "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": "Latin Mass but as an alternative for the \"simple people", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": "Saxony", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": "Saxony", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": "Christian education", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": "common people knowing nothing at all of Christian doctrine", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": "incapable of teaching", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": "catechism", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": "1529", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": "Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": "Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": "1529", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": "Catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "Bible", "56f86966aef2371900626053": "Catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626054": "German vernacular, they expressed the Apostles' Creed in simpler, more personal, Trinitarian language", "56f86966aef2371900626055": "Larger Catechism was effective for pastors. Using the German vernacular", "56f86966aef2371900626056": "doctrine", "56f86966aef2371900626057": "Father", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": "1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": "1534, when the whole Bible", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": "end of his life", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "Romans 3:28", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": "Faith alone justifies us, and not works", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": "German spoken at the Saxon chancellery", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "Saxon chancellery", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": "Bible", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "Bible accessible to everyday Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": "Bible accessible to everyday Germans", "56f86e91aef2371900626067": "Bible translation", "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "Bible translation", "56f86e91aef2371900626069": "Bible translation", "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "Lucas Cranach", "56f86e91aef237190062606b": "William Tyndale", "56f87000aef2371900626071": "hymn-writer", "56f87000aef2371900626072": "high art and folk music", "56f87000aef2371900626073": "German hymns", "56f87000aef2371900626074": "German hymns", "56f87000aef2371900626075": "waldzither", "56f8720eaef237190062608f": "Luther", "56f8720eaef2371900626090": "Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes", "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "hymn", "56f8720eaef2371900626092": "John C. Messenger", "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "John C. Messenger", "56f87392aef2371900626099": "1524 creedal hymn \"Wir glauben all an einen Gott\" (\"We All Believe in One True God", "56f87392aef237190062609a": "1529", "56f87392aef237190062609b": "Small Catechism", "56f87392aef237190062609c": "German creedal hymn", "56f87392aef237190062609d": "1525", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": "1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": "1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": "Lord's Prayer", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": "multiple revisions", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer", "56f87760aef23719006260cc": "1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130", "56f87760aef23719006260cd": "Psalm 130", "56f87760aef23719006260ce": "German worship", "56f87760aef23719006260cf": "1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130", "56f87760aef23719006260d0": "1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130", "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "Purification", "56f879bdaef23719006260df": "Veni redemptor gentium", "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "Advent", "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "Easter", "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "Herr Gott, dich loben wir\" with a simplified form of the melody. It became known as the German Te Deum", "56f87e95aef237190062610a": "1541 hymn \"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam\" (\"To Jordan came the Christ our Lord", "56f87e95aef237190062610b": "Johann Walter", "56f87e95aef237190062610c": "67's prayer for grace", "56f87e95aef237190062610d": "Preachers and composers of the 18th century", "56f87e95aef237190062610e": "Halle in 1541", "56f88025aef237190062611e": "early Lutheran hymnals", "56f88025aef237190062611f": "early Lutheran hymnals", "56f88025aef2371900626120": "1524", "56f88025aef2371900626121": "1524", "56f88025aef2371900626122": "18 of 26 songs of the Erfurt Enchiridion", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": "write music", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": "Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "BWV 4", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "Johann Sebastian", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": "1707", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "Christian's soul sleeps after it is separated from the body in death", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": "John Calvin", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": "Purgatory", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": "Christian souls", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": "Smalcald Articles", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": "Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": "Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": "Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "Johann Gerhard. Lessing (1755) had earlier reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": "Genesis", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": "Francis Blackburne", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": "John Jortin", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": "Gottfried Fritschel pointed out in 1867", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": "Gottfried", "56f88c37aef2371900626176": "Landgrave of Hesse, convoked an assembly of German and Swiss theologians", "56f88c37aef2371900626177": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f88c37aef2371900626178": "Protestant states", "56f88c37aef2371900626179": "fourteen points out of fifteen", "56f88c37aef237190062617a": "fourteen points out of fifteen", "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "Jesus", "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "Jesus", "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "Jesus", "56f8907faef23719006261b2": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b3": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b4": "Schmalkaldic League", "56f8907faef23719006261b5": "Swiss cities", "56f8907faef23719006261b6": "Protestant nobles such as John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and George", "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": "antithetical", "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": "Biblical Criticism", "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": "Biblical Criticism", "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": "Biblical Criticism", "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": "faith and reason in order to honor the separate spheres of knowledge", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": "1523", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": "Jewish conversion to Christianity", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": "Jews, writing against them with the kind of venom he had already unleashed on the Anabaptists, Zwinglianism", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": "Jews and advocated their conversion by proving that the Old Testament could be shown to speak of Jesus Christ", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": "3", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": "non-religious war against the Turks", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": "non-religious war against the Turks", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": "non-religious war against the Turks", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": "papacy", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": "non-religious war against the Turks", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": "Latin translation", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": "Latin translation", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "Islam", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": "Qur'an", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": "Qur'an", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "1566", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": "Agricola was behind certain anonymous antinomian theses circulating in Wittenberg", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": "antinomian theses", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": "six series of theses", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": "six series of theses against Agricola and the antinomians", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": "the \"second use of the law", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": "second use of the law", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": "second use of the law", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": "Christians", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": "Christians are no longer sinners in themselves and that the church consists only of essentially holy people", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": "natural law", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": "Commandments", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "Ten Commandments", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": "Ten Commandments", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": "Ten Commandments", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": "Luther", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": "Luther", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": "Luther", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": "Melanchthon, and Bucer", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": "Melanchthon", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": "Brecht", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": "1539", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": "Jews", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": "Jews", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": "Christians", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": "divinity of Jesus", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": "1523", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": "Jews were his 60,000-word treatise Von den Juden und Ihren L\u00fcgen (On the Jews and Their Lies", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": "1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": "1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "sharp mercy", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": "sharp mercy", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": "Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": "1537", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": "1537", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": "anti-Jewish works", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": "1580s", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Germany", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": "Jewish rhetoric", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "Jews", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "Luther", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": "Julius Streicher", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": "yellow badge", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": "Jews and their expulsion from German territory", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": "blueprint.\" Sasse", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": "10 November 1938", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": "10 November 1938", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": "opportunistic", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": "Biographer", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": "Luther fatefully became one of the 'church fathers", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": "Luther's writings against the Jews", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": "historian and Luther biographer", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": "standard", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": "anti-Semitism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "Ronald Berger", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": "Luther", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": "Jews and their Jewish religion to justify at least in part the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": "1531\u201346 (1983", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": "1531\u201346 (1983), suggest that since Luther's increasingly antisemitic views developed during the years his health deteriorated", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "Jews", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "1531\u201346", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "1531\u201346 (1983", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "Lutheran Church denominations", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": "Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans aged 15\u201365", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": "Catholic areas of Germany", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": "Catholic areas of Germany", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": "1531 to 1546", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": "1531 to 1546", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": "1546", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": "1531", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": "1531", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": "1545", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": "1545", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": "short-tempered", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": "Katharina", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": "three", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": "15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": "15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": "Eisleben", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": "1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": "1546", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": "Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": "Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": "1545", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": "Mansfeld", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": "February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": "February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": "1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "31:5), the common prayer of the dying", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": "1 a.m. he awoke with more chest pain and was warmed with hot towels", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": "Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "Latin", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": "Latin", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "Latin", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": "1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": "Luther", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "frail Catholic saints", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": "frail Catholic saints", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "Protestantism", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": "February", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": "Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": "October", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": "Lutheran Calendar of Saints", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": "February", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "region", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "California and the United States", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "eight counties", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "10 counties", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "8- and 10-county", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11 megaregions of the United States", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "United States. The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "Mexican border into Tijuana", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Las Vegas, Nevada", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "60 percent of California's population", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "12 million inhabitants", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "population", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "over 17.5 million", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado River at the border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Colorado River at the border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert at the border with the state of Nevada", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Colorado River at the border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mojave Desert", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "country", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "Los Angeles and San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "Los Angeles and San Diego", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "five most populous in the state", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "Riverside", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "five most populous in the state", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "Riverside", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "Riverside", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles, is also a name associated with the motion picture industry", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles, is also a name associated with the motion picture industry", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "Sony Pictures", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "California", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "southern California", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Oahu", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "desert city of Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "desert city of Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "southern California\" usually refers to the ten southern-most counties of the state", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "Compromise", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "free state", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "pro-slavery southerners in the lightly populated \"Cow Counties", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "lightly populated \"Cow Counties\" of southern California", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "California", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75% of voters", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Milton Latham", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Angeles Times defined southern California", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1999", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "newer county\u2014Imperial", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "Angeles", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "Auto Clubs of the state, the California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "Tehachapis", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino Counties", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "Northeastern", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "California", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "Sa", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Pendleton", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "Los Angeles County", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "L.A. and Orange Counties", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "non-desert portions) were developed in the 1980s and 1990s", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "Southwest of the state", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "more varied collections", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "Transverse and Peninsular Ranges with their peaks, into the large and small interior valleys", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "about 10,000 earthquakes", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "about 10,000 earthquakes", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt. Only several hundred are greater than magnitude 3.0", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "Northridge earthquake", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "10,000 earthquakes", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "Puente Hills Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "USGS", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "distinctive regions", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "many tourist destinations", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "southern California", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates, southern California", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7886": "southern California", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "one Combined Statistical Area", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "five million in population", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million in population", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form the Southern Border Region", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "San Diego", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "San Diego", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "twelve cities with more than 200,000 residents and 34 cities over 100,000 in population", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "200,000 residents", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "Riverside", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble 2001\u20132007", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "2001\u20132007", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "U.S., cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "aerospace", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "Central business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "CBD", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Downtown Riverside", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "Glendale", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank", "57060cc352bb891400689810": "Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale", "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Downtown Burbank", "57060df252bb891400689820": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside", "57060df252bb891400689821": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside", "57060df252bb891400689822": "San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "West", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "West Irvine includes the Irvine Tech Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "Orange County", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Northern", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "North County regions", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Carmel Valley", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume", "570610b275f01819005e792b": "Sa", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic", "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego International Airport the busiest single runway airport in the world; Van Nuys Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "San Diego International Airport the busiest single runway airport in the world; Van Nuys Airport", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "San Diego counties", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "San Diego", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "San Diego", "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Port of Los Angeles", "5706139252bb891400689864": "industrial base", "5706139252bb891400689865": "region", "5706139252bb891400689866": "Chapman University", "5706139252bb891400689867": "5 University of California campuses", "5706139252bb891400689868": "Bakersfield", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "NFL", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "MLS", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "NFL", "5706149552bb891400689880": "Chivas", "5706149552bb891400689881": "Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689882": "Chivas", "5706149552bb891400689883": "Chivas USA \u2014 that both played at the StubHub Center", "5706149552bb891400689884": "Chivas were suspended following the 2014 MLS season", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "UCLA Bruins", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "USC Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "USC Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "UCLA Bruins", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "USC Trojans", "5706155352bb891400689894": "high school level", "5706155352bb891400689895": "high school level", "5706155352bb891400689896": "high school level", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "Sky Italia and a majority 90.04% interest in Sky Deutschland", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "Sky plc", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "Sky UK Limited", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "2007\u201308 season. In May 2006, the Irish broadcaster", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "Premier League packages", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "\u00a31.3bn", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "February 2015, Sky bid \u00a34.2bn", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "ONdigital consortium", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "Sky News, Sky Three", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky News, Sky Three, and Sky Sports News", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Sky Three", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "Sky+ PVR with their service; waiving the charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "September 2007", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "Sky+ functions", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "January 2010", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "Sky+ Box", "57094d489928a8140047150a": "NDS", "57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "PVR", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "Virgin Media removing the basic channels", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "cable TV", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "Virgin Media claimed that BSkyB", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "Virgin Media", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "HD channels", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "Microsoft\u2019s use of the term \"SkyDrive\" infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "Microsoft", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "BSkyB", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "31 July 2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "Microsoft", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Astra's satellites", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "BSkyB reach 3.5 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "BSkyB", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview in April 2007", "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Mini), a broadband router (Sky Q Hub) and mobile applications", "57096505ed30961900e84083": "Sky Q Silver set top boxes", "57096505ed30961900e84084": "Sky Q Silver set top boxes", "57096505ed30961900e84085": "Q Silver set top box is capable of receiving and displaying UHD broadcasts", "57096505ed30961900e84086": "Sky Q", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "DVB-compliant MPEG-2", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital soundtracks for recent films", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "MPEG-4", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "19.2\u00b0E. This was subsequently followed by more Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A satellite", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Sky Digital was launched in 1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "television and radio channels", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28.5\u00b0E orbital position, unlike the analogue service which was broadcast from 19.2\u00b0E", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "HDTV service, Sky+ HD", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "BSkyB claimed that 40,000 people had registered to receive the HD service", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "Sky+ HD, on 22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "Sky+HD was 4,222,000", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "Setanta Sports confirmed that it would launch in March as a subscription service on the digital terrestrial platform", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "NTL's services re-branded as Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football), films, entertainment and news", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "unencrypted, some are encrypted but do not require a monthly subscription", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "free-to-air and unencrypted, some are encrypted but do not require a monthly subscription", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard UK equipped receiver (all of which are dedicated to the Sky service", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "LNB (9.75/10.600 GHz", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "encrypted content a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver (all of which are dedicated to the Sky service", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "Premier League", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "BSkyB paying \u00a3304m", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a318m to \u00a334m per year to keep control of the rights. BSkyB joined forces with the BBC", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "EPG, with open access", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "EPG", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "BSkyB", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "October 1998 under the name Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "October 1998 under the name Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84134": "October 1998 under the name Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84135": "Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "Sky Digital", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "NTL:Telewest", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "NTL:Telewest", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Virgin Media instead concentrating on its Video On Demand service", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "BBC HD", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million homes", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "25m people", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "25m people. The target was first announced in August 2004", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "Media commentators", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "MP Alec Shelbrooke was proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "December", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "claimants' \"Sky TV bills", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "claimants", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "BSkyB and Virgin Media", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "both BSkyB", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "service sectors", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "GSP) is ranked second in Australia", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "Australia", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Australia", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo and its environs", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "Chinese violence that was seen at the Lambing Flat riots in New South Wales", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "Buckland Valley", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "unsanitary", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "multi-member", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "Single Transferable Vote", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "Single Transferable Vote", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "four years", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "four years", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Victoria", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Liberal", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "Liberal Party of Australia, the rural-based National Party of Australia, and the environmentalist Australian Greens", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "Victoria", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Liberals", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "Roman Catholics", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "26.7%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "Christian. Roman Catholics", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "Christian. Roman Catholics", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "Vic", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "135th meridian east in 1788", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "50% of this area is sown for wheat, 33% for barley and 7% for oats", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "oats", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "50% of this area is sown for wheat, 33% for barley and 7% for oats", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "Victorian farms", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "121,200 tonnes of pears", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "1855 colonial constitution", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "Victoria", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "Parliament of Victoria", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "Victoria", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "\u00b0C (90 \u00b0F", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F) during summer", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "Public schools, also known as state or government schools", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "privately funded. Public schools, also known as state or government schools", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Public schools", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "government-set curriculum standards", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Toyota and Holden", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "October 2016", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "October 2016", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "Broadmeadows and Geelong", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Geelong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "southeast", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "river", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "er", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "Victorian Alps", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "coldest part of Victoria", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east-west through the centre of Victoria", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "Victorian Alps in the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "Omeo on 13 June 1965", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "V/Line which is now owned by the Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "V/Line which is now owned by the Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "Australian Senate", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Australian Senate. At state level, the Parliament of Victoria consists of the Legislative Assembly (the lower house) and the Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Australian Senate. At state level, the Parliament of Victoria consists of the Legislative Assembly (the lower house) and the Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "12 seats in the Australian Senate", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "Victoria", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "Ballarat", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "Ballarat", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "ounces", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "519", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61 per cent", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "3 million dairy cattle", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "3 million dairy cattle", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Blacklipped abalone", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge. However, the interstate trunk routes", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "1,600 mm", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge lines", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "British troops", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "British troops", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "British troops", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "British troops", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Victoria Act 1855", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "leader of the political party or coalition", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "Premier is the public face of government", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "Premier", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "Da", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "Victorian agricultural production increased by 17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "Victorian agricultural production increased by 17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "136,000 square kilometres", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "17% to $8.7 billion", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "regional cities", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "sports tourism", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "French Catholics", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562 to 1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "1562 to 1598. The wars finally ended with the granting of the Edict of Nantes", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "French Catholics", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "France", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Huguenot", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "1560", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "Huguenot", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "Protestant movement", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "1294", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "Jean de R\u00e9ly, was printed in Paris in 1487", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris in 1487", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "Edict", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "66 \"villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9\" that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "1598", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1629", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "1671", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape of Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "1671", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "1671", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1671", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "New Amsterdam", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "New Amsterdam", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "1685", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "1685", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons in France", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "British Crown", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "1685", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "1672. William formed the League of Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Republic", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "1672. William formed the League of Augsburg", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "early 18th century", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "French Catholics", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "French Catholics", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "30,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "French Catholics", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "5,000 to 30,000 were killed", "57108073b654c5140001f927": "1629", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "1629. revolted against royal authority", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "1629", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "1621 and 1629", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "2% of its population", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "one million Protestants in modern France", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "Alsace in northeast France", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "France", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New York in a town which they named New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "New", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "tz", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "Huguenot", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "Dutch Republic", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "Huguenot refugees, an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 clergy", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "2 million", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Huguenot immigrants", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Nantes", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Huguon", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "Huguon, the gate of King Hugo", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "Huguon, the gate of King Hugo, was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "571090abb654c5140001f995": "weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers", "571090abb654c5140001f996": "Weavers", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "Weavers", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "Dublin, named after a High Sheriff", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "France created a brain drain", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "Huguenots", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "Seven Years' War", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "New France", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Navarre", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "Navarre", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "Nantes", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "Catholics", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "Protestant services", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand emigrated to the North American colonies", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "Catholics", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "Four thousand emigrated to the North American colonies", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "1555", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "1555 to found France Antarctique", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "1555 to found France Antarctique", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "Portuguese", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "Guanabara", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "French Huguenot ancestry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "wine", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "French names", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "French Huguenot", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Jack Jouett", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "America", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "America", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace industry at the time. Although 19th century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "twenty-five widows who settled in Dover, and there is no contemporary documentation to support there being Huguenot lacemakers in Bedfordshire", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "French language in their church services for nearly a century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Friedrichstadt", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Frederick William", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "200,000 to 1,000,000", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jean Ribault", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "French naval", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Parris Island", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "1562", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "148 Huguenots", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "148", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "the Dutch Republic", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "1708 passage of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act, an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "Protestants", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "Ireland and elsewhere", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "London", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "transubstantiation", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Portarlington", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "Irish linen", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1604", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "Palatinate", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "European", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "\u00e9migr\u00e9s", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Dutch Cape Colony", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "Huguenot", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet, king of France", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues hypothesis", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "huguenote", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "Hugues hypothesis", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "French language", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "1530", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "Lefevre", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "August", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "Protestants", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "3,000", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "1643", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "elle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "La Rochelle", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "North America", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "America", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "nineteenth century", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Eleutherian gunpowder mills", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Netherlands was Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "dam", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Nicolas", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. It is now located at Soho Square", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. It is now located at Soho Square", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1550", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Brandenburg", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Fontane", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Luftwaffe General and fighter ace Adolf Galland", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Maizi\u00e8re", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Interior", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "geothermal energy", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "high pressure", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "engines", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Papin", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "Papin", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "Papin", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "Trevithick", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south Wales", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal pumps", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "steam locomotives", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "steam jet", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "quadruple expansion engines respectively. These engines use a series of cylinders", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "triple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "triple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "trip mechanisms or cams profiled so as to give ideal events", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Corliss", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces of the valve in such a way as to overlap the port on the admission side", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "crown of the boiler's firebox. If the water level drops, such that the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "steam escapes", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "dampening the fire", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary motion", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten-horsepower engines", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "rudimentary steam engine being the aeolipile described by Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek mathematician", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606 for fifty steam powered inventions, including a water pump for draining inundated mines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "Compound engines exhausted steam in to successively larger cylinders to accommodate the higher volumes at reduced pressures, giving improved efficiency. These stages were called expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "double and triple expansion engines being common, especially in shipping", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "internal combustion engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "steam turbine", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "late part of the 19th century", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "steam engine", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "outputs above several hundred horsepower", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "steam turbines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electric power is provided by steam turbines. In the United States 90%", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "steam", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "firebox", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "nuclear reactor", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "electric heating element", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "steam engine indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "Charles Richard", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "180\u00b0", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "four events \u2013 admission, expansion, exhaust, compression", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "crank and two piston strokes", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four events \u2013 admission, expansion, exhaust, compression", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "admission, expansion, exhaust, compression", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "Quasiturbine", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow cycle", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "uniflow is to remedy this defect and improve efficiency", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "oscillating cylinder steam engine is a variant of the simple expansion steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "simple expansion steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "full size working engines, mainly on ships", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "Rankine cycle", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "closed loop system", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "mercury vapor turbine. Low boiling hydrocarbons can be used in a binary cycle", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "mercury vapor turbine", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "565 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "condenser temperatures are around 30 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "565 \u00b0C (the creep limit of stainless steel) and condenser temperatures are around 30 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "565 \u00b0C (the creep limit of stainless steel) and condenser temperatures are around 30 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "565 \u00b0C", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "steamboats and road vehicles", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "factories, mills and mines; powering pumping stations", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "agriculture", "571153422419e3140095557d": "Railway", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray was used by the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway", "571153422419e3140095557f": "Matthew Murray was used by the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway", "571153422419e31400955580": "Middleton Railway", "571153422419e31400955581": "George Stephenson built the Locomotion", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "Woolf high-pressure compound engine in 1805. In the compound engine", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "multiple cylinders, torque variability", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "lower-pressure steam", "571154c72419e31400955587": "90% of the world", "571154c72419e31400955588": "reciprocating steam engines", "571154c72419e31400955589": "Turbinia", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "reciprocating steam engines", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "Turbinia", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "condenser", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "Rankine steam cycles", "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass, coal and nuclear power plants", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "William John Macquorn Rankine", "571156152419e3140095559b": "Watt", "571156152419e3140095559f": "25 million", "571156152419e3140095559e": "Watt", "571156152419e3140095559d": "bushel (94 pounds) of coal. The best examples of Newcomen designs had a duty of about 7 million", "571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "steam turbines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "1802. These were much more powerful for a given cylinder size than previous engines and could be made small enough for transport applications", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "Oliver Evans", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "4 kg", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "high-pressure engines", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "dry type cooling tower is similar to an automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "river water", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600 cubic metres of make-up water every hour for evaporative cooling", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "centrifugal governor", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "James Watt", "57115e532419e314009555af": "industrial units, for road engines", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "industrial units, for road engines", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "industrial units, for road engines", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "Britain", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "industrial units, for road engines", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "cutoff", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "excessive compression (\"kick back", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "totality of the exhaust steam cannot evacuate the cylinder, choking it and giving excessive compression", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "engine cycle", "57115f652419e314009555b9": "1606. In 1698 Thomas Savery", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish inventor Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "Spanish inventor Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtained the first patent for a steam engine in 1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "direct contact with the water being pumped. Savery's steam pump used condensing steam", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "static discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600 revolutions per minute (RPM) in the USA with 60 Hertz power, 3000 RPM in Europe", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "internal combustion engines", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "mobile applications steam has been largely superseded by internal combustion engines or electric motors", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "internal combustion engines", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "cogeneration processes", "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": "Wankel engine in place of the cylinders and valve gear", "571161092419e314009555d9": "steam-tight in the face of wear and thermal expansion", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "James Watt developed (1763\u20131775", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "James Watt developed (1763\u20131775) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "Boulton and Watt's early engines", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "1763\u20131775", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "condensing steam", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two independent mechanisms", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "restrain a plug valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "more recent type of safety valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "safety valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "steam pressure and more power from the engine", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "Corliss steam engine", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "Corliss steam engine", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30% less steam", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "Corliss steam engine, patented in 1849, which was a four-valve counter flow engine", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal", "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory", "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt on a model steam engine led to the development of the separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555e9": "Watt on a model steam engine", "571163172419e314009555ea": "latent heat", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase at this point. By condensing the fluid", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "large steam cycles", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point, and various mechanisms to increase the draft for fireboxes", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "firebox", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "supply bin", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British invention", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "British invention steam turbine", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "British invention steam turbine where speed was required, for instance in warships, such as the dreadnought battleships", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "first major warship to replace the proven technology of the reciprocating engine with the then-novel steam turbine", "571166352419e314009555f1": "water", "571166352419e314009555f2": "turbo-electric transmission", "571166352419e314009555f3": "main propulsion", "571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission, where the steam drives a turbo generator set with propulsion provided by electric motors", "571166352419e314009555f5": "steam turbine railroad locomotives were manufactured", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "condenser", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "heat addition (in the boiler) and rejection (in the condenser", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal (constant temperature) processes in the theoretical Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "theoretical Carnot cycle", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "O and atomic number 8", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "helium", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "O\n2", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "20.8%", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen gas", "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": "20.8%", "571bb2269499d21900609caa": "silicon dioxide", "571bb2269499d21900609cab": "8", "571bb2269499d21900609cad": "20.8%", "571bb2269499d21900609cac": "helium", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "helium", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "high-altitude ozone layer helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "oxygen as it is a part of water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "cellular respiration", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "water", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "nitroaereus", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Further Discoveries in Air", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "British clergyman", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO) inside a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named \"dephlogisticated air", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide (HgO) inside a glass tube", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "mercuric oxide (HgO) inside a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named \"dephlogisticated air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "mercuric oxide (HgO) inside a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named \"dephlogisticated air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "August 1, 1774", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "1774", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "mercuric oxide (HgO) inside a glass tube", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Pneumatica", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "combustion", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "oxidants and fuels are brought into close proximity; an ignition event", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "Oxygen", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "perchlorates", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "oxidant", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "ignition event", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "oxidants", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "oxidants and fuels", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "Apollo 1 crew", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443 normal pressure", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "ignition sources", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "Steel pipes and storage vessels", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "ignition sources", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "O\n2 systems", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "launch pad test spread so rapidly because the capsule was pressurized with pure O\n2 but at slightly more than atmospheric pressure", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "crust", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "magnesium and iron", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "crust is also made of oxygen compounds, in particular various complex silicates (in silicate minerals). The Earth's mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "silicon", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "water's formula was HO", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Amedeo Avogadro", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "non-combustible substances that corrode, such as iron", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "iron", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "phlogiston theory", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "Aufbau", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "two oxygen atoms", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "molecular orbitals", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "Joseph Priestley", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "Wiltshire", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "Antoine Lavoisier", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "dioxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "paired electron spins; this prevents spontaneous combustion", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "triplet oxygen reacts only slowly with most organic molecules", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "tin and air were heated in a closed container. He noted that air rushed in when he opened the container, which indicated that part of the trapped air", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "combustion en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, which was published in 1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "upper atmosphere", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "UV) radiation", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "dioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "dioxygen", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "Scottish chemist James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed in 1895", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "German engineer Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "seawater", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature-dependent", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "seawater", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "temperature-dependent", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "14.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "helium", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "helium", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "helium", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "helium", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "ultraviolet radiation", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "sulfur dioxide in order to liquefy carbon dioxide", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "sulfur dioxide in order to liquefy carbon dioxide", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "liquid oxygen", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "molecular oxygen", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "liquid oxygen. Just two days later, French physicist Louis Paul Cailletet announced his own method of liquefying molecular oxygen", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "oxygen isotopes in samples from the Earth, the Moon, Mars, and meteorites", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16 than does the Earth", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Earth", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "Earth", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "molecular oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "organic molecules", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "oxygen-18 and oxygen-16", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "oxygen-18 and oxygen-16", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "oxygen-18 and oxygen-16", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "oxygen-18 and oxygen-16", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "687 and 760 nm. Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "687 and 760 nm. Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "687 and 760 nm. Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "687 and 760 nm. Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "paramagnetic", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "Liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "paramagnetic. That is, they impart magnetic character to oxygen when it is in the presence of a magnetic field", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "Liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "superoxide ion", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "singlet oxygen", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "hypersensitive response of plants against pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic organisms", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "O\n2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere about 2.5 billion years ago", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "\u2212182.95 \u00b0C, \u2212297.31 \u00b0F), and freezes at 54.36 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "High-purity liquid O\n2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquefied air", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "liquefied air", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "Liquid oxygen may also be produced by condensation out of air, using liquid nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "combustible materials", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "O\n2", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "O\n2 at lower temperatures", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "ocean life, as polar oceans support a much higher density of life due to their higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "eutrophication", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "biochemical oxygen demand", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolved, probably about 3.5 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic eon (between 3.0 and 2.3 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans 3\u20132.7 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans 3\u20132.7 billion years ago", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "respiration and decay", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "nitrogen gas", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "O\n2 gas", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "O\n2 gas", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "Oxygen gas is increasingly obtained by these non-cryogenic technologies", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "O\n2 gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "DC electricity", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "DC electricity", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "DC electricity", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "DC electricity", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "Chemical catalysts can be used as well, such as in chemical oxygen generators", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "oxygen bars and in sports", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "placebo effect", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "aerobic exercise", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "placebo effect", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "decompression sickness", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "O\n2 concentration in the lungs helps to displace carbon monoxide", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria that cause gas gangrene", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "emphysema", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "easing work load on the heart", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "respiration, so oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "medicine", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity, oxygen forms chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "Fe\n1 \u2212 xO", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "corrosion", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "depressurization", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "O\n2 automatically supplied to them in case of cabin depressurization", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "O\n2", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "steady stream of oxygen gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "high pressure oxygen tanks", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "liquefied oxygen", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "liquefied oxygen", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "liquefied oxygen", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "liquid oxygen storage containers", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "glycerol", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "organic group", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "feeder materials", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "Epoxides", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "organic compounds that contain oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "carotenes", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "carbohydrates", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "surface supplied diving", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "kPa", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "oxygen toxicity", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "Apollo", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "O\n2 partial pressure in the breathing gas", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "O\n2 partial pressure", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "O\n2 partial pressure in the breathing gas", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "O\n2 partial pressure in the breathing gas", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "kPa", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "kPa", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "oxygen masks", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "medical applications", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "$3 per barrel", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1974", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "second oil shock", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "OAPEC", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "Middle East", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "multilateral negotiations with the combatants", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "Sinai Peninsula", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "Arab oil producers", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "United States unilaterally", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "dollar", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "communiqu\u00e9", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "communiqu\u00e9", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "OPEC was slow to readjust prices", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "commodities such as gold", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "1947 to 1967, the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "Yom Kippur", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "oil", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "Iran", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "October 16, 1973, OPEC raised the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973, OPEC raised the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "embargo", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "Nixon requested Congress to appropriate $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "United States. Saudi Arabia", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Al-Qaeda and the Taliban", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "arms purchases that exacerbated political tensions, particularly in the Middle East", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "aid", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "excessive inflation, reduced productivity", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "superpower confrontation with the USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "equality between both parties prior to 1973", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "price increases changed competitive positions in many industries, such as automobiles", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic problems", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "new ways to increase oil supplies, even in rugged terrain such as the Arctic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "ten years", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "Netherlands", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "America", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK had traditionally been an ally of Israel", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "Israelis", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "pre-1967 borders", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "oil crisis", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "UK", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "coal miners", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "Germany, Italy, Switzerland", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Netherlands", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "old oil was withdrawn from the market, creating greater scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "alternative energies", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "February", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "55 mph (about 88 km/h", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "55 mph", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "1975, and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "1978", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "National Energy Act of 1978", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "domestic fossil fuels", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "crisis-mentality thinking, promoting expensive quick fixes and single-shot solutions that ignore market and technology realities", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "politically expedient", "57265200708984140094c237": "Middle Eastern oilfields", "57265200708984140094c238": "British intelligence estimate of U.S. intentions, which concluded America", "57265200708984140094c239": "oilfields", "57265200708984140094c23a": "American occupation would need to last 10 years", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "Middle East in 1970", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "November 7, 1973", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "Afghanistan", "57265526708984140094c2be": "American security assurances", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "five times Israel's. Another motive for the large scale purchase of arms from the US by Saudi Arabia", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "January 1979", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "Japanese imports", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "Japanese imports", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "six cylinder engines", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "unibody construction and front-wheel drive", "572659535951b619008f703f": "Nissan", "572659535951b619008f7040": "Datsun", "572659535951b619008f7041": "810", "572659535951b619008f7042": "Lexus and Infiniti", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Datsun Truck", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "GM", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import policy", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon from Chrysler, the Ford Fiesta", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "Chevrolet Chevette", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "13.5 in 1970", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "1970s", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "GM's full-sized cars reflected the crisis. By 1979", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "full-sized luxury sedans", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "downsize", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "OPEC soon lost its preeminent position, and in 1981, its production was surpassed by that of other countries", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "$10 per barrel", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "high-cost producers", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel", "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": "one-man Project Mercury", "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA", "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "1968", "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "space", "5725b41838643c19005acb83": "two-man Project Gemini", "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "Gemini program", "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966. Gemini missions", "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "Soyuz Test Project", "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "Skylab", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "prelaunch test", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "prelaunch test", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": "Budget cuts", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": "six missions achieved successful landings", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": "three of these. Five", "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "Apollo 8", "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": "low Earth orbit", "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "842 pounds", "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": "low Earth orbit", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": "Apollo program", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": "early 1960, as a follow-up to Project Mercury. While the Mercury capsule could only support one astronaut on a limited Earth orbital mission", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": "early 1960", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": "early 1960, as a follow-up to Project Mercury", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": "early 1960, as a follow-up to Project Mercury", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": "August 30", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": "Maxime Faget", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": "General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric", "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": "L. Dryden", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": "John F. Kennedy", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": "American superiority over the Soviet Union in the fields of space exploration and missile defense", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": "1960", "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": "E. Webb", "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": "space exploration and missile defense", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": "Gagarin", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": "Gagarin", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": "Astronautics", "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": "America's response to the Soviets", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": "Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": "Johnson", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": "20", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": "space program", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": "NASA's Langley Research Center", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": "Gilruth", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": "MSC", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": "MSC", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": "Florida", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": "LOC) immediately north of Canaveral at Merritt Island", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": "November 1962", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": "LOC) immediately north of Canaveral at Merritt Island", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": "LOC) immediately north of Canaveral at Merritt Island", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "three pads were planned, only two, designated A and B, were completed in October 1965", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": "Apollo spacecraft", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "vacuum chambers capable of simulating atmospheric pressure", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "VAB", "5725c123271a42140099d131": "high management job", "5725c123271a42140099d132": "Manned Space Flight", "5725c123271a42140099d133": "Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight", "5725c123271a42140099d134": "Launch Operations Center (Debus) effectively reported to Mueller", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": "1964", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": "Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": "Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": "January 1964", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": "NASA, along with a staff of officers under him, on the condition that Phillips be made Apollo Program Director", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": "rendezvous", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": "direct ascent was generally the mission mode in favor at NASA. Many engineers feared that a rendezvous", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": "LOR", "5725c604271a42140099d185": "Nicholas E. Golovin", "5725c604271a42140099d186": "Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961", "5725c604271a42140099d187": "LOR", "5725c604271a42140099d188": "Manned Space Flight", "5725c604271a42140099d189": "mission mode decision", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": "Jerome Wiesner, who had expressed his opposition to manned spaceflight", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": "Space Vehicle Panel", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": "Space Vehicle Panel\", ostensibly to monitor", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": "July 11, 1962", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": "Wiesner", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": "von Braun", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "1962", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": "Grumman", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": "lifeboat", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": "lifeboat", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": "life support", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": "lifeboat", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": "Maxime Faget", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": "cone", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": "LEM", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": "conical crew cabin", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "conical crew cabin", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": "ablative heat shield", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": "Command Module (CM) was the conical crew cabin", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "Command Module (CM) was the conical crew cabin", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": "RCS with propellants", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": "high-gain S-band antenna was used for long-distance communications on the lunar flights", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": "cylindrical Service Module (SM) supported the Command Module", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": "51,300", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": "orbital scientific instrument package", "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": "second stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle for NASA", "5725cda338643c19005acd40": "translunar flight", "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "early testing", "5725cda338643c19005acd42": "CSM", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "LM) was designed to descend from lunar orbit to land two astronauts on the Moon", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "Command Module", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": "34 hours", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": "surface stays up to around 34 hours", "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": "Nova series", "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": "NASA, and made Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center", "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": "Nova", "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "LC-34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages filled with water", "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": "boilerplate CSMs", "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": "Pegasus satellites", "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": "Pegasus satellites", "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "Saturn I", "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "S-IB first stage increased the thrust to 1,600,000 pounds-force (7,120 kN", "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": "Saturn V", "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": "low Earth orbit", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": "CSM and LM", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": "363 feet", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": "Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": "three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "Gemini veterans", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "Gemini or Mercury veterans", "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "Schmitt", "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "Apollo 17", "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "12", "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": "1969", "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": "Distinguished Service Medal", "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": "Chaffee", "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "Walter M. Schirra, Donn Eisele, and Walter Cunningham, were awarded the lesser NASA Exceptional Service Medal", "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "Apollo 8", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": "LC-34 on suborbital flights in 1966 with the Saturn IB", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": "Saturn IB", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "February 26", "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": "Saturn IB", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": "-206", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": "207/208", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": "visor helmet", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": "lunar surface EVA suit", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": "Block II crew positions were titled Commander (CDR) Command Module Pilot (CMP) and Lunar Module Pilot", "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "January 1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": "Chaffee", "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": "January 1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "January 1966, with Grissom", "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": "dual mission, now redesignated AS-205/208 or AS-258", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": "August 1967", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "August 1967", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "Apollo 1 backup crew", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": "North American's problems and identify corrections", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "corrections", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": "Grumman", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": "corrections", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "American", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "1", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "January", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "American", "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": "January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued with problems. First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits", "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": "January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": "high pressure", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "accident review board, overseen by both houses of Congress", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "Command Module design, workmanship and quality control", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": "George Low", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "accident review board, overseen by both houses of Congress", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": "flammable cabin and space suit materials", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": "space suit materials", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": "Block I plug-type hatch cover", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": "manned Block I program, using the Block I spacecraft", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": "Block II space suits", "5725df1838643c19005ace15": "manned lunar landing", "5725df1838643c19005ace16": "manned lunar landing", "5725df1838643c19005ace17": "letters", "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "November 9", "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "Apollo 6 (AS-502", "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": "LM Test Article as ballast", "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": "fly men, cancelling a third unmanned test", "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "January 22, 1968, by the Saturn IB that would have been used for Apollo 1", "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "January 22, 1968, by the Saturn IB that would have been used for Apollo 1", "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "Grumman", "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "Apollo 1. The LM engines", "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "abort mode", "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": "two Saturn IBs", "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "Zond 5", "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "Christmas Eve", "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": "orbit the Moon", "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "September 15, 1968", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": "July 1969", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "July 24", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "July 1969", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "July 1969", "5725e44238643c19005ace35": "Apollo 12", "5725e44238643c19005ace36": "unmanned lunar probe, which had landed in April 1967", "5725e44238643c19005ace37": "12", "5725e44238643c19005ace38": "lunar surface color television camera, but it was damaged when accidentally pointed into the Sun", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": "LRV", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "V", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": "CSM and LM", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": "three days", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "Saturn V", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": "return to Earth", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": "rookies", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "Apollo was grounded", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": "oxygen tank", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": "Jack Swigert", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": "20", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": "NASA's yearly budget also began to shrink", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": "18 and 19", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": "18 and 19", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "radiometric dating techniques", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "radiometric dating techniques. They range in age from about 3.2 billion years", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "KREEP", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": "Genesis Rock", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": "Moon", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "events", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "impact melt (materials melted near an impact crater", "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": "$170 billion", "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": "Lunar Modules", "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": "Space Review estimated in 2010 the cost of Apollo from 1959 to 1973 as $20.4 billion", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": "Apollo Extension Series (Apollo X,) proposed up to 30 flights to Earth orbit", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": "NASA", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": "interplanetary spacecraft", "5725ef6838643c19005acece": "two lower stages of a Saturn V", "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": "Skylab", "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": "February 8, 1974", "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": "1973", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": "NASA's robotic Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, while orbiting 50 kilometers (31 mi) above the Moon", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "U. S. flags", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "Apollo missions", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": "Apollo 8", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "Genesis", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": "one-quarter", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "1968", "5725f239271a42140099d35d": "Apollo TV camera", "5725f239271a42140099d35e": "broadcast TV. This resulted in lunar footage that had to be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic telemetry tapes", "5725f239271a42140099d35f": "NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration to be recorded over with newer satellite data", "5725f239271a42140099d360": "NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration to be recorded over with newer satellite data", "5725f239271a42140099d361": "Nafzger", "5725f39638643c19005acef7": "Nafzger", "5725f39638643c19005acef8": "random noise and camera shake without destroying historical legitimacy", "5725f39638643c19005acef9": "kinescope", "5725f39638643c19005acefa": "Nafzger", "5725f39638643c19005acefb": "black and white", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": "supplementary law", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "supplementary law", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "supplementary law", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "Directives", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "supplementary law", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "supplementary law", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "supplementary law", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "supplementary law", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "case law by the Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "lesser rights European Union law", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": "Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "case law", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "courts of member states", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "case law", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "citizens", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "European Court of Justice is the supreme judicial body which interprets EU law", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "European Central Bank", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "TEU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "Faroe Islands", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "European Union", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "cooperation", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "European Union", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "TEU", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "European Union", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "Austria", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "Greece in 1979", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "European Union", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "TFEU", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986, to further the development of a more social Europe in the Treaty of Amsterdam 1997", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "Norway in 1972", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "European Union", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "Netherlands", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "constitutional treaty, but it was formally an amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "constitutional treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "Lisbon Treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "Lisbon Treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon Treaty", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "European Union", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "European Commission is the main executive body of the European Union", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "28 member states, including the President", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "completely independent\" and not \"take instructions from any Government", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "Commission's President", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "simple majority vote", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "member state governments", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "Independent Experts", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "European Council", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "six-person board appointed by the European Council", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "Santer Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999, and it eventually resigned due to corruption allegations", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "corruption allegations", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "Maltese Commissioner for Health", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": "elected representatives in the Parliament cannot initiate legislation", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": "Santer Commission in 1999). In some cases, the Parliament has explicit consultation rights", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": "Santer Commission", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": "European Parliament", "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": "Santer Commission in 1999", "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": "Santer Commission in 1999). In some cases, the Parliament has explicit consultation rights", "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": "European People's Party", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "Council, which is composed of different ministers of the member states", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "15", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "smaller member states are not dominated by larger member states", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote, if not consensus. TEU article 16(4", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "consensus", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "European Council", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "TEU article 15", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352 votes", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "TEU article 15", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "MEPs", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "budgets", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "TEU articles 4 and 5 state that powers remain with the member states", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "Justice", "572695285951b619008f774b": "294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "ordinary legislative procedure", "572695285951b619008f774d": "TEU articles 4 and 5", "572695285951b619008f774e": "ordinary legislative procedure", "572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial", "572658435951b619008f7026": "CJEU", "572658435951b619008f7027": "preliminary ruling. The CJEU", "572658435951b619008f7028": "preliminary ruling", "572658435951b619008f7029": "EU court", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "CJEU", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "CJEU", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "preliminary ruling. The CJEU", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "EU court", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "EU court", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "primacy", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "267", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "Italian nationalisation law conflicted with the Treaty of Rome", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "Milanese lawyer", "5726975c708984140094cb21": "energy nationalisation", "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "European Communities Act 1972", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "ultimate authority of member states", "572699db5951b619008f779c": "German law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "European Union's governance structure, administrative law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "citizens or corporations were said in 1986 to not be allowed to bring claims against other non-state parties", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "All actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review, and judged by standards of proportionality", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "European Union", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "good justification", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "tariff. EU Regulations", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "TFEU article 288 states, they are \u2018directly applicable in all Member States", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives do not generally give citizens (as opposed to the member state", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "4 weeks paid holidays each year, but most member states require more than 28 days in national law", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "Directive requires that every worker has at least 4 weeks paid holidays each year", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "early 1990s", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "EU law", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "general principle\" of EU law", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "British Gas plc", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "British Gas plc", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national courts", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "11", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "Italy", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million Lira", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "European Union law", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "EC Treaty", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "onerous", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "European Union law", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "good faith", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "European Union", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "European Union law", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions common to the member states", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Declaration on Fundamental Rights produced by the European Parliament in 1989", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "human rights", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "Fundamental Freedoms, the Declaration on Fundamental Rights produced by the European Parliament in 1989", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "Human Rights in 1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "European Council", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "European Union of 7 December 2000", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "European Union law", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "European Union law", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "European Union law", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "European Union law", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "UNICE", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "general principles", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "European Community legislation", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "12 member states", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "Social Chapter", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "Amsterdam", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Social Policy", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "Social Policy", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "ECSC", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "Treaty of Rome", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "EC Treaty", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101(1), including price fixing", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "anti-competitive agreements in Article 101(1), including price fixing", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "public enterprises", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "mergers between firms", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome 1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "Rome 1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "EU law in 2007, free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome 1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "free trade are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "freedom of association", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "Austria", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "TFEU article 35", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "tomato imports", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "environmental protection", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "minimum alcohol content of 25 per cent was contrary to TFEU article 34", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "Court of Justice", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "Commission v Italy", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Keck and Mithouard", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "cut throat competition", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "misleading commercials for skin care products", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Unfair Commercial Practices", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "free movement", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "European Community originally focused upon free movement of workers: as a \"factor of production\". However, from the 1970s", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "\"citizenship\"", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "Mr Steymann was entitled to stay, so long as there was at least an \"indirect quid pro quo", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "bilingual certificate that could only be obtained in Bolzano", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Belgium", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "Netherlands", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "Court of Justice", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Austrian universities", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education, along with other forms of vocational training", "5726c002708984140094d073": "European Union", "5726c002708984140094d074": "49", "5726c002708984140094d075": "unjustified", "5726c002708984140094d076": "official authority", "5726c002708984140094d077": "Italy", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "toxic waste", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "toxic waste", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "ecological crimes\". The competence for the Union to do this was contested in 2005 at the Court of Justice", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "remuneration", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "social security case", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "Germany", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Daily Mail newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands without first settling its tax bills in the UK", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "Denmark's minimum share capital rules", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "Denmark's minimum share capital rules", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "creditor protection", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH the Court of Justice held that a German court could not deny a Dutch building company", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "7,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine nations", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "States or departments", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "South America", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "Jungle", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "7,000,000 square kilometres", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine nations", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "390 billion", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter climate", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "Miocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "rainforest", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66\u201334 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45\u00b0", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "66\u201334 Mya", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "tropical rainforest", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "45\u00b0", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "45\u00b0", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "34 Mya", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "Middle Miocene", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years", "5725c071271a42140099d127": "Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "Amazonas Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "easterly flow toward the Atlantic", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "easterly flow toward the Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df790": "Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df791": "Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df792": "Amazonas Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "Purus Arch", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "Amazon Fan", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "other", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": ".", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "data", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "LGM", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "LGM", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "rainfall in the basin", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "Amazon Fan", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "LGM", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "paleolakes", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "basin", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "open forest and grassland", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "basin", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "15 degrees west longitude", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Amazon basin", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million tons of dust", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "27.7 million tons (15%) of dust fall over the Amazon basin", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43 million tons of dust are windblown and falls on the Caribbean Sea, past 75 degrees west longitude", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "15 degrees west longitude", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "43 million tons of dust are windblown and falls on the Caribbean Sea", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi) is the maximum that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "anthropological", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million people", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "agriculture", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "rainforest", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "Amazonia", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "poor soil", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Amazonia", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi) is the maximum that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million people", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "1 million and by the early 1980s it was less than 200,000", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "1250", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "1542", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "1250", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "Unnatural Histories", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu tribe", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "silviculture", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu tribe", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "Michael Heckenberger", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "Amazon", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "Amazon", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "Amazonian rivers and streams", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "96,660 and 128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million insect species", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "Amazon", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "Amazon rainforest", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "Amazon rainforest", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. The average plant biomass", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "16,000", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "1999", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "790 tonnes of living plants", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "790 tonnes of living plants", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "caiman, jaguar, cougar, and anaconda", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "piranha are known to bite and injure humans", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Amazon", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "human settlement and development of the land. Prior to the early 1960s", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "human settlement and development of the land. Prior to the early 1960s", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "outer space", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pasture", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "soybeans after the United States", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pasture", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "two highways successfully opened up the rainforest", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "2004 and 2014", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "2005", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "10% of the world's terrestrial primary productivity", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems\u2014of the order of 1", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "climate change in addition to deforestation", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "ethno-biology", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "ecocide", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "Urarina", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "Urarina", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Google Earth", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "Suriname", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "handheld GPS devices", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "indigenous", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth stages", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "tree growth stages", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories: (1) mature forest", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "1) mature forest", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Thematic Mapper", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "one hundred years", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "article", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "tipping point", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "three years of drought", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010 the Amazon rainforest", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "Amazon rainforest", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "734,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) in 2005. The 2010 drought had three epicenters", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "gigatons of carbon dioxide", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": "comb jellies", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": "comb", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in size. Like cnidarians", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "comb", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "Coelenterata", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "comb", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "t\u1d7b\u02c8n\u0252f\u0259r\u0259", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "comb", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "Coelenterata", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 kteis", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "comb", "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": "ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight", "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": "100\u2013150 species", "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": "100\u2013150 species have been validated, and possibly another 25", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "150 species", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "colloblasts", "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ctenophores", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "tentacles", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "ctenophores", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "egg-shaped bodies and a pair of retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "ctenophores", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "coastal beroids", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "predators", "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": "early reproduction", "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": "planktonic and in most species look like miniature cydippids", "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "early reproduction", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "early reproduction", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "early reproduction", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "early reproduction", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "early reproduction", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "early reproduction", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "early reproduction", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "beroids", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": "Mnemiopsis", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": "Mnemiopsis", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "Mnemiopsis", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "ctenophores", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Mnemiopsis", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "Black Sea", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "coastal locations", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "coastal locations", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "copepods", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "Mnemiopsis", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "Ctenophores", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "monophyletic", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "lagerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "ctenophores", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "lagerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "515 million years ago", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "monophyletic", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "lagerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "colloblasts", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "bilaterians", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "bilaterians", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "ctenophores and cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": "more complex animals", "572647d0708984140094c14d": "diploblastic", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia (\"hairs\") as their main method of locomotion", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "ctenophores", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "comb rows, that run the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands of cilia, called \"ctenes", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing\", from the Greek \u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "cydippid Pleurobrachia", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles, while some oceanic species", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "ctenophores", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles, while some oceanic species", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "gastrodermis", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "cilia", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "pharynx", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "ctenes", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "ctenes", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "filament structure arranged in a 9 + 2 pattern", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "jellyfish", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "osmotic pressure", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "osmotic pressure", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "rosettes", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "mesoglea", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "statocyst", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "statocyst", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "balance sensor consisting of a statolith", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "common coastal \"sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "ctenophores", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "sheath", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "egg-shaped body", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "striated muscle", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "striated muscle", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "striated muscle", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three types of movement that are used in capturing prey", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "tentilla", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "ciliary groove", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "cilia", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "lobates", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "cilia", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "planktonic prey", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping their lobes", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "lobate genera Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "cydippids", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "lobates' combs are coordinated by nerves rather than by water disturbances created by the cilia", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "Nuda, have no feeding appendages, but their large pharynx", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "some species of Beroe, is a pair of narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "mouth \"lips", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "Nuda, have no feeding appendages, but their large pharynx", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Venus' girdle", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "animals", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "undulating their bodies", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "faster", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "foot", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks", "572683075951b619008f7513": "pores in the epidermis", "572683075951b619008f7514": "internal fertilization", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis", "572683075951b619008f7516": "internal canal network under the comb rows", "572683075951b619008f7517": "platyctenids", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths", "572684365951b619008f7540": "true larvae", "572684365951b619008f7541": "juveniles gradually develop the body forms of their parents", "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae", "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe the juveniles, like the adults, lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "Bathyctena chuni, Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "Bathyctena chuni, Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "luminesce", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size", "5726887e708984140094c917": "Lampea feeds exclusively on salps", "5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish", "5726887e708984140094c919": "jellyfish", "5726887e708984140094c91a": "Pleurobrachia", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "organic matter to salt and water made them a poor diet for other animals", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "keta", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "jellyfish", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "herbivorous fishes deliberately feeding on gelatinous zooplankton during blooms", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "ctenophores", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "ballast tanks of ships", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "ballast tanks of ships", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "ballast tanks of ships", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "1991 to 1993", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "lagerst\u00e4tten", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "comb jelly", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "505 million years ago in the mid-Cambrian period", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "505 million years ago", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "ctenophores", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million years ago, is very similar to Vendobionta", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "515 million years ago, is very similar to Vendobionta", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "ctenophores", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "Vendobionta", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran period", "57269016708984140094ca41": "Bilateria", "57269016708984140094ca42": "Porifera (sponges", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "beroids", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65.5 million years ago", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "520,159", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "Fresno County", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "ash tree\" in Spanish, and an ash leaf", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "Fresno County", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "Easterby's\u2014by now a hugely productive wheat farm\u2014for its new Southern Pacific line", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "Millerton residents", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "Fresno Traction Company operated 47 streetcars over 49 miles of track", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "Fresno", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno", "5725d183271a42140099d240": "North Fresno", "5725d183271a42140099d241": "assembly center", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "Fresno", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard in Fresno. After a troubled gestation during which its creator resigned, BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "credit card", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1958", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "song", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Fresno", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Fresno", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "Kearney Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Kearney Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Civil War", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "1880s", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "San Joaquin Valley's most beautiful architectural buildings. Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "Grand 1401), and the Hughes Hotel", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "Fulton Mall", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Mall", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": ".", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "Fulton Mall to automobile traffic", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "automobile traffic", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "Fresno, much of the neighborhood is a \"county island", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "golf course", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "Tower Theatre", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "historic Tower Theatre, which is included on the National List of Historic Places. The theater was built in 1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "Fresno City College", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "Fresno", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "Fresno City College", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "neighborhood revival", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "Tower Theatre in the late 1970s, which at that time showed second and third run movies, along with classic films", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "Tower Theatre", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno native Audra McDonald", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "hipster Communities", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "early twentieth century homes", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "early twentieth century homes", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington Boulevard between First Street on the west to Cedar Avenue", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "Pacific Improvement Corporation", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Huntington Boulevard, which provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "West Side\" of Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "99 freeway", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "American community", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "99 freeway", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney, which extends from Fresno Street", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "Fresno Street", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "late 2008", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "Fresno Housing Authority", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "Fresno Housing Authority", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "Fresno Street and State Route 99 Freeway (Kearney Palm Shopping Center, built in the late 1990s", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "regional park and bird sanctuary", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "235 acres", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "2010", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "Friant Dam", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "Northeast Fresno. The park lies on the South bank of the San Joaquin River between Highway 41", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946, Sierra Sky Park Airport", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "built[citation needed] and there are now numerous such communities across the United States and around the world. Developer William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "Sierra Sky Park Airport", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "citation needed] and there are now numerous such communities across the United States and around the world", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "January", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "December and January", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "3550 hours", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "the northwest", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "December and January", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "July 8, 1905", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "July 8, 1905, while the official record low is 17 \u00b0F", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C), set on July 8, 1905", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C), set on July 8, 1905", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "November 1885", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "0%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "494,665", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "68", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.07", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.07", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "1", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "0", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "427,652", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "UHF television stations", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "UHF television stations", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "Fresno television station", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "UHF television stations", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 168, the Sierra Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "Eisenhower Freeway) comes into Fresno from Atascadero", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "Kings Canyon Freeway", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "Interstate 5", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "Interstate 9", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "Federal funding", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Joaquins", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Fresno", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "city", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "city", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "Davies", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "NPL) in the late 1960s", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "Davies", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "packet switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "circuit switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "cellular communication services", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "circuit switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "circuit switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "circuit switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "circuit switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "circuit switching", "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "intermediate network nodes", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "10BASE5", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "intermediate network nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "multiple access scheme", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "2626", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "2626", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "2626", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "report RM 3420", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "report P-2626", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "adaptive message block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "Report P-2626 described a general architecture for a large-scale, distributed, survivable communications", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "Baran. He called it packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "Baran's", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Baran. He called it packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad314": "Baran's", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "Operating System Principles", "5726385e271a42140099d797": "different routes", "5726385e271a42140099d798": "different routes", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "source address, and port numbers", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "routes", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "node", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "connection id", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "address information", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "connection", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "Frame relay operates principally at layer two of the OSI Model. However, its address field (the Data Link Connection ID, or DLCI", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "IP) at the network layer", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "Frame relay operates principally at layer two of the OSI Model. However, its address field (the Data Link Connection ID, or DLCI", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "Frame relay operates principally at layer two of the OSI Model", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "HLN", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "SITA HLN became operational in 1969. Before the introduction of X.25 in 1973, about twenty different network technologies", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "X.25 in 1973", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "X.25 in 1973", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "Apple Macintosh computers", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "local area networks", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "1985 for Apple Macintosh computers. It was the primary protocol used by Apple devices through the 1980s and 90s", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "1985 for Apple Macintosh computers", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "Louis Pouzin", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "Louis Pouzin", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "Louis Pouzin. First demonstrated in 1973, it was developed to explore alternatives to the early ARPANET", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "1973", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "1980s", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "three layers", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "networking powerhouse", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "DECnet Phase II", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "data network", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "Sinback", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "data network", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "mid-1980s", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "mid-1980s", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "mid-1980s", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "1973 and started operations in 1975. It went public in 1979 and was then sold to GTE", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "1973 and started operations in 1975. It went public in 1979 and was then sold to GTE", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "1973 and started operations in 1975. It went public in 1979 and was then sold to GTE", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "host interface to X.25", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "GTE", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "dozens", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "dozens", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "San Jose, CA", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "large companies (mostly banks and airlines) to build their own dedicated networks", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "dedicated networks", "572643de5951261400b5195a": "DATAPAC and TRANSPAC", "572643de5951261400b5195b": "TRANSPAC were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface. Some older networks such as TELENET and TYMNET", "572643de5951261400b5195c": "Deutsche Bundespost", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "remote terminal access to academic institutions", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "KPN", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "KPN", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "KPN", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "incorrect", "5726462b708984140094c117": "U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF", "5726462b708984140094c118": "U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF", "5726462b708984140094c119": "U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "1998", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "1998", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "1998", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "Abilene", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "NSF", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "advanced research and education networking in the United States", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "NSF", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "vBNS", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "vBNS) came on line in April 1995 as part of a National Science Foundation (NSF", "572648d1708984140094c15f": "vBNS) came on line in April 1995 as part of a National Science Foundation (NSF", "572648d1708984140094c160": "vBNS) came on line in April 1995", "572648d1708984140094c161": "OC-48c", "57264684708984140094c123": "Europe", "57264684708984140094c124": "Europe", "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c126": "14th century", "57264684708984140094c127": "1343", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "Yersinia pestis", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338\u201339 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "China and India", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Kaffa in the Crimea in 1347", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Mongol army under Jani Beg", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "Jani Beg", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "Kaffa in the Crimea in 1347", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "war, famine, and weather", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "1350", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "1350", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "1350", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany and Scandinavia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "Ask\u00f8y", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "pandemic", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "Egypt", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "1347", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "1348\u201349", "57264a74708984140094c18b": "14th-century epidemic", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "mors", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "medieval epidemic", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "mid 14th-century epidemic as a proper name. In England", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "1345", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "Paris", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "Miasma theory", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "Yersinia pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "19th-century plague", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "pathogen was named Yersinia pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "Paul-Louis Simond", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "two populations of rodents", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "Pestilence", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1893", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "Pestilence", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Great Pestilence", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "bubonic plague", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "eight days", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "bubonic plague", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "95 percent", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "Yersinia pestis", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "Black Death", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "Black Death", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "Yersinia pestis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves. These clades (which are thought to be extinct", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "Y. pestis strains Y. p. orientalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "orientalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "France and England", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "1349", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "Haensch study", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "Black Death victims", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "Y. pestis", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "zoologist Graham Twigg", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "British bacteriologist", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "zoologist", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "zoologist Graham", "5726516a708984140094c223": "epidemiological", "5726516a708984140094c224": "epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers", "5726516a708984140094c225": "over 100%", "5726516a708984140094c226": "plague victims", "5726516a708984140094c227": "1377", "57265285708984140094c25b": "14th and 17th centuries", "57265285708984140094c25c": "fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance", "57265285708984140094c25d": "Black Death", "57265285708984140094c25e": "Black Death", "57265285708984140094c25f": "5 to 15 years", "5726534d708984140094c26d": "Norman Cantor (2001", "5726534d708984140094c26e": "2001", "5726534d708984140094c26f": "Ebola", "5726534d708984140094c270": "bubonic plague", "5726534d708984140094c271": "London", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "60%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "40% of Egypt's population. Half of Paris's population of 100,000", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "1350", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "1348", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "contagion", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "1671", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "1671", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "1628\u201331", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "preincident population figures from as high as 7 million", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "2 million", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "1629\u20131631", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "1361 and 1528", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "14% of the population", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "Spain", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "1709\u201313", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "1700\u201321", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "Marseille", "5726577f708984140094c301": "between 1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c302": "1654\u201357", "5726577f708984140094c303": "1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c304": "two-thirds", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "magma and/or lava", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "metamorphic rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "magma", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "metamorphic. The rock cycle", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "cycle", "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading", "57265d08708984140094c398": "upper mantle", "57265d08708984140094c399": "seafloor spreading", "57265d08708984140094c39a": "convecting mantle", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "seafloor spreading", "57265f605951b619008f70db": "divergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "Transform boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener", "57265f605951b619008f70df": "convecting mantle", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "seismic waves in reverse to image the interior of the Earth", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "interior of the Earth", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "410 and 660 kilometers", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds inside the earth", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "660 kilometers", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "expanded scale", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "second, third", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "Quaternary", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "formation of faults", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "older than the fault", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "normal fault or a thrust fault", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "fault", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "inclusions and components states that, with sedimentary rocks, if inclusions (or clasts", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "clasts", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith almost a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "fossils", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "relative age of the formations", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "William Smith", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "absolute dates to geologic events using radioactive isotopes and other methods", "57266c015951b619008f7238": "stratigraphic correlation", "57266c015951b619008f7239": "absolute ages", "57266c015951b619008f723a": "stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another. With isotopic dates", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "absolute ages to rock units, and these absolute dates could be applied to fossil sequences", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "Thermochemical", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "crystal lattice", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "isotope", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "calibrate relative dating techniques", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "horizontal compression", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "shallow crust", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "antiforms\", or where it buckles downwards, creating \"synforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "antiforms\", or where it buckles downwards, creating \"synforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "ductile stretching", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "less than a meter", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "ductile stretching and thinning", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "igneous intrusions", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic gradients", "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Faulting and other deformational processes", "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational events", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "basaltic lava flows", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "metamorphosed to the point where their origin is undiscernable without laboratory analysis", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "southwestern United States", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "metamorphosed to the point where their origin is undiscernable without laboratory analysis", "572677e7708984140094c723": "stratigraphy", "572677e7708984140094c724": "sedimentary layers), and structural geology", "572677e7708984140094c725": "typical geological investigations", "572677e7708984140094c726": "typical geological investigations", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "optical mineralogy analysis", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "twinning", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "geochemical evolution of rock units", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "petrologists identify rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "igneous and metamorphic processes", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "igneous and metamorphic processes", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic processes", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", "57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", "57267d52708984140094c7db": "faults and folds", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "large and small settings", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "analog versions of these experiments, horizontal layers of sand are pulled along a lower surface", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "faulting and the growth of a critically tapered (all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "analog models, though they are often more sophisticated and can include patterns of erosion and uplift in the mountain belt", "57268066708984140094c821": "geophysical surveys", "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical surveys", "57268066708984140094c823": "Geophysical data and well logs", "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", "57268066708984140094c825": "water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "igneous rock units within the drill cores", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", "572683f95951b619008f7527": "1031\u20131095", "572683f95951b619008f7528": "981\u20131037", "572683f95951b619008f7529": "1031\u20131095", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "1785", "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Edinburgh", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "Vol. 1", "57268527708984140094c8c2": "Theory of the Earth", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "William Smith", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "William Maclure. In 1807, Maclure commenced the self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Geological Map", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "England", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "uniformitarianism", "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "277 miles (446 km", "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "166 km) south of Edinburgh", "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "1974", "5726642f5951b619008f715a": "Northumberland", "5726642f5951b619008f715b": "Geordie", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": "Robert Curthose", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "14th century", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": "14th century", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "14th century", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "world", "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "2,000", "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": "Hadrian's Wall", "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "Pictish", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": "Newcastle was England", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": "Elizabeth", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": "25-foot", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": "1174", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": "14th century", "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": "Newcastle Quayside", "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": "Hostmen", "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": "1538. The phrase itself means a pointless pursuit", "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": "18th century American Timothy Dexter, an entrepreneur, widely regarded as an eccentric", "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": "Newcastle", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": "Sandgate area, to the east of the city and beside the river", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": "London", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": "7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": "1630s", "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": "47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic; this may also have been the most devastating loss", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": "North declared for the King", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": "Scots", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "1644 the Scots then captured the reinforced fortification on the Lawe in South Shields following a siege. In 1644", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": "Triumphing by a brave defence", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": "Charles I", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": "urbanization of the city", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "Maling company", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": "electric lighting", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": "shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": "steam turbine", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": "Newcastle still retains a medieval street layout", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": "Narrow alleys", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": "riverside", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "modern buildings", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "Derwentwater House", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": "Tyneside Classical", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "best-looking city", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": "Grey Street", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": "Grey Street", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": "Eldon Square itself", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": "Newcastle is the Town Moor", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": "graze cattle", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": "Hoppings funfair", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": "Hoppings funfair, said to be the largest travelling funfair in Europe", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": "King Harald V of Norway, Bobby Robson", "57267076708984140094c601": "Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", "57267076708984140094c602": "Gateshead Council", "57267076708984140094c603": "Norman Foster-designed The Sage Gateshead music centre", "57267076708984140094c604": "NewcastleGateshead", "57267076708984140094c605": "River Tyne", "572671165951b619008f72b7": "Grainger Town area", "572671165951b619008f72b8": "Richard Grainger", "572671165951b619008f72b9": "Clayton Street", "572671165951b619008f72ba": "244 are listed, of which 29 are grade I", "572671e55951b619008f72d7": "Grainger Market replaced an earlier market originally built in 1808 called the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72d8": "Grainger Market", "572671e55951b619008f72d9": "grand dinner attended by 2000", "572671e55951b619008f72da": "1808 called the Butcher Market. The Grainger Market itself, was opened in 1835", "572671e55951b619008f72db": "English Heritage", "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "oceanic (K\u00f6ppen Cfb", "57267383dd62a815002e8553": "inland Scandinavia", "57267383dd62a815002e8554": "North Pennines", "57267383dd62a815002e8555": "32.5 \u00b0C (90.5 \u00b0F) during August 1990", "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "Newcastle has milder winters and cooler summers, similar to the remainder of the British Isles", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": "Newcastle was positioned ninth in the retail centre expenditure league of the UK. There are several major shopping areas in Newcastle City Centre", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": "Eldon Square Shopping Centre", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": "Bainbridge", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": "department store", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": "old underground bus station", "5726769c708984140094c711": "Grainger Street and the area around Grey's Monument", "5726769c708984140094c712": "city centre", "5726769c708984140094c713": "Tesco store in the United Kingdom", "5726769c708984140094c714": "MetroCentre", "5726769c708984140094c715": "Gateshead", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": "Tyneside flat was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "terraces", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "terraces", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "Architects", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "high density", "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": "waterside apartments to 25.6%", "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": "converted or shared houses in 2011 renders this dwelling type within the highest of the five colour-coded brackets at 5.9%", "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": "%", "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": "authorities", "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": "inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tunbridge Wells", "572679c35951b619008f73db": "282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics", "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics", "572679c35951b619008f73dd": "189,863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000", "572679c35951b619008f73de": "282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics", "572679c35951b619008f73df": "student populations", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": "Newcastle is 37.8 (the national average being 38.6", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": "38.6). Many people in the city have Scottish or Irish ancestors", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": "Border Reiver surnames", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": "1% of the population", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": "1% of the population", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": "Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "Roman Imperial rule", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "language", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "\"larn\" (from the Anglo-Saxon \"laeran", "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "laeran", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": "Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "Northern United Kingdom", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "Geordie dialect", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "\"Canny\"", "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": "Ear Institute", "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": "noisiest city in the whole of the UK, with an average level of 80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": "decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": "80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": "noisiest city in the whole of the UK, with an average level of 80.4 decibels", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": "high-end bars, Neville Street", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": "city centre", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": "12", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "Pink Triangle", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": "bars, caf\u00e9s and clubs", "57267f695951b619008f74bd": "theatre", "57267f695951b619008f74be": "Stephen Kemble", "57267f695951b619008f74bf": "Newcastle", "57267f695951b619008f74c0": "January 1788 and was located on Mosley Street", "57267f695951b619008f74c1": "Mosley Street. It was demolished to make way for Grey Street", "5726800add62a815002e8750": "2006", "5726800add62a815002e8751": "Grey Street", "5726800add62a815002e8752": "Shakespeare", "5726800add62a815002e8753": "local talent", "5726800add62a815002e8754": "Artsworld TV channel", "572680865951b619008f74e7": "8000 CDs and 10,000 LPs", "572680865951b619008f74e8": "8000 CDs and 10,000 LPs", "572680865951b619008f74e9": "Newcastle upon Tyne", "572680865951b619008f74ea": "20 October 1880", "572680865951b619008f74eb": "Joseph Swan", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": "CAMRA", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": "April. In May, Newcastle and Gateshead", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": "biennial AV Festival of international electronic art", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "2 weeks each year in mid June", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": "mid June", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": "Newcastle Town Moor every June", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": "Newcastle Town Moor every June", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": "Temperance Movement", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": "Newcastle in June. The Northern Pride Festival and Parade is held in Leazes Park", "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": "Northern Pride Festival and Parade is held in Leazes Park", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": "Newcastle Mela", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": "NewcastleGateshead", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": "Design Event festival", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "early October", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "NewcastleGateshead", "5726847f708984140094c8ab": "folk-rock", "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "Geordie ex-footballer Paul Gascoigne", "5726847f708984140094c8ad": "Folk metal band Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8ae": "Folk metal band Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8af": "Duran Duran", "57268525dd62a815002e8806": "Tyneside Cinema", "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "Tyneside Cinema", "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "restored Classic", "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "Tyneside Cinema reopened in the restored and refurbished original building. The site currently houses three cinemas, including the restored Classic", "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "May 2008; during the refurbishment works, the cinema relocated to the Old Town Hall, Gateshead. In May 2008 the Tyneside Cinema", "57268692dd62a815002e8826": "Newcastle", "57268692dd62a815002e8827": "Great North Museum", "57268692dd62a815002e8828": "Great North Museum", "57268692dd62a815002e8829": "2009", "57268692dd62a815002e882a": "Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "Payroll", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": "Newcastle", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "Mike Figgis", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "Mike Figgis", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "Mike Figgis", "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": "Gosforth Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "city", "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": "Brough Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": "Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "Blaydon Race", "57268885dd62a815002e886a": "Newcastle International Airport is located approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) from the city centre on the northern outskirts of the city near Ponteland", "57268885dd62a815002e886b": "Newcastle city centre", "57268885dd62a815002e886c": "Newcastle city centre takes approximately 20 minutes", "57268885dd62a815002e886d": "five million passengers", "57268885dd62a815002e886e": "over 90", "572689385951b619008f761b": "Victorian architecture was enhanced; transforming the 19th century public portico", "572689385951b619008f761c": "Queen Victoria", "572689385951b619008f761d": "Victoria", "572689385951b619008f761e": "1850", "572689385951b619008f761f": "city centre", "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": "London King's Cross", "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": "half-hourly frequency of trains to London King's Cross", "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": "Edinburgh", "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": "Midlands", "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": "Northern Rail", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "underground railways covering much of Tyne and Wear", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": "two extensions were opened in 1991 and 2002", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": "deep-level tunnels", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": "Gateshead", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": "37 million", "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "smart ticketing. All Metro trains", "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "smart ticketing", "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "All Metro trains", "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "entirely new fleet of trains", "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "entirely new fleet of trains", "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": "London", "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": "A69", "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "Great North Road", "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": "A1", "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": "capacity of the Tyne Tunnel", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": "Stagecoach North East", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": "Haymarket bus station", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": "Stagecoach", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": "Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": "Eldon Square Bus Station", "57269120708984140094ca59": "cycling strategy in 1998. As of 2012", "57269120708984140094ca5a": "cycling strategy in 1998. As of 2012", "57269120708984140094ca5b": "local council social aims and objectives for cycling include: highlighting the usage of cycling to cut city congestion; educating that cycling promotes healthy living", "57269120708984140094ca5c": "one way streets", "57269120708984140094ca5d": "cycling strategy in 1998. As of 2012", "5726934f5951b619008f771d": "Danish DFDS Seaways", "5726934f5951b619008f771e": "Gothenburg", "5726934f5951b619008f771f": "October 2006", "5726934f5951b619008f7720": "IJmuiden", "5726934f5951b619008f7721": "Thomson", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": "Newcastle", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": "eleven LEA-funded 11 to 18 schools", "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": "Royal Grammar School", "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": "Newcastle College", "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": "Sacred Heart", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": "Northumbria University", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": "Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine and Surgery", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": "Northumbria University", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": "Northumbria at Newcastle in 1992 as part of the UK-wide process in which polytechnics", "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": "UK's leading international universities. It won the coveted Sunday Times University of the Year award in 2000", "572699b55951b619008f778f": "Fenham", "572699b55951b619008f7790": "Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474", "572699b55951b619008f7791": "Coptic Cathedral located in Fenham", "572699b55951b619008f7792": "Church", "572699b55951b619008f7793": "Fenham", "57269b165951b619008f77b3": "St Andrew", "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "1726", "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "12th Century", "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "1726", "57269b165951b619008f77b7": "Newcastle by the Scots", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": "January 1959", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": "City Road for over 40 years after its launch in January 1959", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": "City Road complex", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": "Barrack Road", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": "Newcastle", "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "Newcastle Student Radio", "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "Newcastle and Gateshead since 1951", "57269d745951b619008f77da": "Radio Lollipop station based at the Great North Children's Hospital", "57269d745951b619008f77db": "Newcastle University's student's union building during term time", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": "British composer of concertos in the 18th century", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "Westminster", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "engineer and father of the modern steam railways George Stephenson", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": "turbine", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Thailand Abhisit Vejjajiva, was born in the city", "57269fab5951b619008f7807": "Bruce Welch", "57269fab5951b619008f7808": "Newcastle", "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "Nobel Prize winning physicist", "57269fab5951b619008f780a": "smallpipes", "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "born in the city", "5726710b708984140094c61d": "London", "5726710b708984140094c61e": "4.5 million objects", "5726710b708984140094c61f": "Albert Museum", "5726710b708984140094c620": "Albert", "572680ac708984140094c83d": "Albert Museum", "572680ac708984140094c83e": "London", "572680ac708984140094c83f": "Prince Albert", "572680ac708984140094c840": "V", "572680ac708984140094c841": "Museum", "57268294708984140094c877": "m2", "57268294708984140094c878": "5 acres (51,000 m2", "57268294708984140094c879": "ancient times", "57268294708984140094c87a": "Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa", "57268294708984140094c87b": "ancient times to the present day, from the cultures of Europe", "572685cd5951b619008f7573": "Great Exhibition of 1851, with which Henry Cole", "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "Great Exhibition of 1851, with which Henry Cole", "572685cd5951b619008f7575": "Marlborough House, but by September had been transferred to Somerset House", "572685cd5951b619008f7576": "September had been transferred to Somerset House", "572685cd5951b619008f7577": "Cole, produced a design for the museum", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": "22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": "June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": "George Wallis", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "late night openings", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "1949", "57268f2c708984140094ca25": "November 1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca26": "November 1946, attracting nearly a million and a half visitors", "57268f2c708984140094ca27": "November 1946, attracting nearly a million and a half visitors", "57268f2c708984140094ca28": "Britain", "57268f2c708984140094ca29": "the museum", "572691d7708984140094ca6d": "rock concert", "572691d7708984140094ca6e": "British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon", "572691d7708984140094ca6f": "Roy Strong and was subsequently emulated by some other British museums", "572691d7708984140094ca70": "British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon", "57269656708984140094cafd": "Dundee", "57269656708984140094cafe": "\u00a376 million", "57269656708984140094caff": "V&A brand", "57269656708984140094cb00": "fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography", "57269656708984140094cb01": "waterfront", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": "Sheepshanks Gallery", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": "Sheepshanks Gallery", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": "eponymous collections", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": "June 1862", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": "1862", "57269c06708984140094cba1": "north range was designed and built in 1864\u201369", "57269c06708984140094cba2": "Italian Renaissance", "57269c06708984140094cba3": "north fa\u00e7ade", "57269c06708984140094cba4": "69", "57269c06708984140094cba5": "James Gamble", "57269d68708984140094cbd7": "1866\u201368", "57269d68708984140094cbd8": "1865\u201377", "57269d68708984140094cbd9": "Green Dining Room 1866\u201368", "57269d68708984140094cbda": "Alfred Stevens", "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "1866\u201368", "5726a0205951b619008f781b": "Royal Engineers", "5726a0205951b619008f781c": "north west of the garden the five-storey School for Naval Architects", "5726a0205951b619008f781d": "Cadeby stone", "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "5726a0205951b619008f781f": "arts education", "5726a2445951b619008f7861": "sgraffito", "5726a2445951b619008f7862": "F. W. Moody, a final embellishment were the wrought iron gates made as late as 1885 designed by Starkie Gardner", "5726a2445951b619008f7863": "southeast of the garden", "5726a2445951b619008f7864": "Art Library", "5726a2445951b619008f7865": "Reuben Townroe", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": "Portland stone, stretches 720 feet (220 m) along Cromwell Gardens", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": "Cromwell Gardens", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "Portland stone, stretches 720 feet (220 m) along Cromwell Gardens", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": "1899 and 1909", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": "British artists", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": "Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": "four levels of galleries", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Webb include the Entrance Hall and Rotunda, the East and West Halls", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "East and West Halls, the areas occupied by the shop and Asian Galleries as well as the Costume Gallery. The interior makes much use of marble", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Alfred Drury", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": "early 1960s", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": "Royal College of Science", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": "new entrance building", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": "Royal College of Art", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": "1978 and 1982", "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": "silverware gallery", "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": "portrait miniatures, prints and drawings, displays in Room 117", "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "FuturePlan", "5726afeb708984140094cdda": "South Kensington", "5726afeb708984140094cddb": "Gareth Hoskins was responsible for contemporary and architecture, Softroom, Islamic Middle East", "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": "Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden, on 5 July 2005", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": "Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": "July 2005", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": "elliptical water feature lined in stone with steps around the edge", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": "American Sweetgum tree", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": "British Architects", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "British Architects", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": "RIBA Drawings", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": "RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": "RIBA Drawings", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": "over 330", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": "American architects' drawings", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": "American architects' drawings are held in the collection", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": "British", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": "European (especially Italian) and American architects' drawings", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": "c1600", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": "elaborately carved wood work and leaded windows", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": "c1600", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": "1523\u201335 from the chateau of Montal", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": "Alhambra", "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": "7th century) to the early 20th century", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": "Ardabil Carpet", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": "Ardabil Carpet", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": "Ardabil Carpet", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "1909", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": "6000 paintings", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": "6000 paintings", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": "6000 paintings", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "Jawaharlal Nehru", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": "more than 70,000", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "Korea", "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": "Tsui Gallery", "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": "Tsui Gallery", "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "Ming", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": "December 1986", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "1550 to 1900", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": "1550 to 1900", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": "1550 to 1900", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": "koro", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": "14th to the 19th century", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "Himalayan kingdoms", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "gold", "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": "gleaming boxes inlaid with mother-of-pearl", "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "Himalayan kingdoms", "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": "three parchment-bound manuscripts, Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III", "5726c9a4708984140094d170": "Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III", "5726c9a4708984140094d171": "over 18,000", "5726c9a4708984140094d172": "14,000 books to the museum in 1869", "5726c9a4708984140094d173": "over 18,000 books to the museum in 1876", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": "Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": "Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": "12th to 16th centuries", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": "1524 Charter illuminated by Lucas Horenbout, London", "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": "Lucas Horenbout", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": "Albert Museum", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": "computer system called MODES cataloging system was used from the 1980s to the 1990s", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": "EAD", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": "Albert Museum", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "Victoria and Albert Museum web-site called \"Search the Collections", "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "Albert Museum", "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": "large-scale digitization project called the Factory Project", "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": "Factory Project to reference Andy Warhol and to create a factory to completely digitize the collection", "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": "Factory Project", "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": "Factory Project was to list more items", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": "British patrons", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": "European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": "patrons", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": "Horace Walpole", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": "tea drinking", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "culture", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": "John Ruskin", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "Eleanor Coade", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": "John Ruskin", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": "sculpture wing", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": "full-scale replica of Trajan's Column", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": "David", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": "sculpture wing, comprising two large, skylighted rooms two storeys high housing hundreds of plaster casts of sculptures, friezes and tombs", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": "glass case", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": "1731", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": "Frederick II the Great", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": "1731", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": "Japanese ceramics", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": "Chinese and Japanese ceramics", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": "Mintons & Royal Doulton are represented in the collection", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": "Britain and Holland", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": "16th and 17th centuries", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": "16th and 17th centuries", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": "16th and 17th centuries", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": "stained glass collection", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": "6000 items from Africa, Britain", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": "Africa, Britain, Europe, America", "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": "several examples by Ren\u00e9 Lalique", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "2005", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": "Danny Lane", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "sacred silver and stained-glass gallery", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": "Dale Chihuly", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": "the Luck of Edenhall", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": "2,000 old master works", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": "British and 2,000", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": "artists", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": "artists", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": "Modern British artists", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": "Talbot Hughes", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": "Costume sketches, design notebooks", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "everyday clothing", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": "442 costumes and items as a gift from Harrods", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": "Harrods", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": "Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": "Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": "Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": "Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": "modern fashion", "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "John Jones Collection of French 18th-century art and furnishings was left to the museum in 1882, then valued at \u00a3250,000", "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "John Jones Collection of French 18th-century art and furnishings was left to the museum in 1882, then valued at \u00a3250,000", "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "French 18th-century art and furnishings was left to the museum in 1882, then valued at \u00a3250,000", "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "\u00a3250,000", "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": "\u00a3250,000", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": "1580 from Antwerp City Hall, attributed to Hans Vredeman de Vries", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": "Hans Vredeman de Vries", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "Germany", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": "c1750 from Germany", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": "continental", "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": "6000 items", "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": "6000", "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": "gems", "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": "gems bequeathed", "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": "William and Judith Bollinger, opened on 24 May 2008", "5726ee28708984140094d656": "areas", "5726ee28708984140094d657": "European silver. The collection includes the earliest known piece of English silver", "5726ee28708984140094d658": "Hereford Screen", "5726ee28708984140094d659": "8 tonnes", "5726ee28708984140094d655": "10,000", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "c1110", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "gilt bronze", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": "c1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "c1110", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "gilt bronze", "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": "Chris Smith", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": "Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": "Horniman Museum", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": "35 instruments", "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": "February 2010", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": "1130 British and 650 European oil paintings, 6800 British watercolours, pastels and 2000 miniatures", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": "6800 British watercolours, pastels and 2000 miniatures", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": "6800 British watercolours, pastels and 2000 miniatures", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": "Elizabeth", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": "c. 1400, consisting of numerous scenes", "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": "British artists", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": "British artists", "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": "British artists", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": "Hay Wain", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": "British artists", "5726f755708984140094d737": "continental art 1600\u20131800", "5726f755708984140094d738": "Madame de Pompadour", "5726f755708984140094d739": "260", "5726f755708984140094d73a": "t", "5726f90b708984140094d75d": "781 plates", "5726f90b708984140094d75e": "781 plates", "5726f90b708984140094d75f": "781 plates", "5726f90b708984140094d760": "781 plates", "5726f90b708984140094d761": "James Lafayette", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": "European sculpture", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": "post-classical European sculpture", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "about 400 AD to 1914", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "sculpture are represented, from tomb and memorial", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": "Three Graces", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "plaster", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": "1493\u20131500", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": "1493\u20131500", "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": "1493\u20131500", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": "more than 20 works in the museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": "museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": "20 works in the museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": "1914", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": "museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France", "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Britain", "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": "British Galleries", "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "British Galleries", "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "Galleries", "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": "Michael Hintze", "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries in 2006", "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": "portraiture, garden sculpture and mythology", "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": "British sculptors, works by continental sculptors who worked in Britain", "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": "Tate Britain", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "53,000", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "European", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": "53", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": "early silks from the Near East", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "technique", "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": "St Gereon", "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "Netherlands", "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": "Netherlands", "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "Netherlands", "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "late 17th century and early 18th century", "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": "European quilting", "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": "William Morris", "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": "tapestries", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": "Marion Dorn", "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": "William Morris", "57270817708984140094d8c7": "V&A Theatre & Performance galleries", "57270817708984140094d8c8": "V&A Theatre & Performance galleries, formerly the Theatre Museum", "57270817708984140094d8c9": "V&A", "57270817708984140094d8ca": "V&A Theatre & Performance galleries, formerly the Theatre Museum", "57270817708984140094d8cb": "Theatre Museum, opened in March 2009. The collections are stored by the V&A, and are available for research, exhibitions and other shows", "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "V&A Museum of Childhood", "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "conservators specialise in particular areas of conservation. Areas covered by conservator's work", "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "Interventive treatment", "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "V&A Museum of Childhood", "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "preventive\" conservation this includes: performing surveys, assessments", "57267b755951b619008f7433": "ABC", "57267b755951b619008f7434": "American Broadcasting Company (ABC", "57267b755951b619008f7435": "New York City", "57267b755951b619008f7436": "abc since 1957", "57267b755951b619008f7437": "Disney Media Networks", "57267ca75951b619008f7469": "1948", "57267ca75951b619008f746a": "NBC", "57267ca75951b619008f746b": "CBS and NBC", "57267ca75951b619008f746c": "ESPN", "57267ca75951b619008f746d": "Capital Cities Communications", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": "2007", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": "Citadel Broadcasting", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": "stations", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "simultaneous substitution regulations imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": "Citadel Broadcasting", "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": "America (RCA), which owned two radio networks", "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": "America", "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": "NBC Blue", "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": "NBC Blue Network", "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": "NBC Blue Network was created in 1927 for the primary purpose of testing new programs on markets of lesser importance than those served by NBC Red", "572681ab708984140094c85d": "FCC) regarding its difficulties in establishing new stations, in a radio market that was already being saturated by NBC and CBS", "572681ab708984140094c85e": "FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks", "572681ab708984140094c85f": "FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks", "572681ab708984140094c860": "NBC Red Network", "572681ab708984140094c861": "NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": "Mark Woods", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": "NBC Blue Network", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": "1941, and gave the mandate to do so to Mark Woods", "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": "Blue", "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": "7.5 million", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": "drugstore chain Rexall", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": "$8 million", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": "George B. Storer", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": "Blue Network", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": "December 1949", "57268739708984140094c8ed": "Magnetophon", "57268739708984140094c8ee": "Paul Whiteman", "57268739708984140094c8ef": "Counterspy", "57268739708984140094c8f0": "stars with greater freedom in terms of time", "57268739708984140094c8f1": "CBS when, continuing NBC Blue's traditions of public service", "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": "June 2000", "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": "ABC1", "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": "ABC1", "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": "October", "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": "ABC is broadcast in the United States", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "program syndication", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": "satellite television", "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": "Japan and Latin America", "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": "Japan and Latin America", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": "coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "1950s", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "5% stake in two new domestic networks", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": "June 1953", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": "June 1953; CBS and NBC", "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "CBS", "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "Emmy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "CBS, which originated the specials in 1965", "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": "Emmy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": "CBS", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": "1974", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": "Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": "1954 to 1956", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": "New Year's Eve (hosted first by its creator Dick Clark", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": "cable channel TLC", "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": "1963", "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": "morning news program Good Morning America", "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": "Procter & Gamble-produced soap The Edge of Night, following its cancellation by CBS in 1975", "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": "1975", "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": "soap opera", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "ESPN", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "ESPN took over responsibilities for ABC's sports division in 2006", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "ESPN Sports Saturday block on Saturday late afternoons (featuring various ESPN-produced documentaries", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": "X Games weekend events not broadcast by ESPN. ABC airs NBA games on Sundays", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": "ESPN-produced highlight compilation programs for The Open Championship golf and The Wimbledon tennis tournaments", "5726e860708984140094d579": "engineering", "5726e860708984140094d57a": "low-band VHF frequencies", "5726e860708984140094d57b": "1947", "5726e860708984140094d57c": "VHF channel 7", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": "television stations", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": "108 existing television stations in the United States; a few major cities (such as Boston) had only two television stations", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": "CBS and NBC", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": "CBS and NBC", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": "Paramount Pictures", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": "Paramount Pictures", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": "full-time affiliates", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": "CBS", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": "$5 million", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "ABC", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": "Noble", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": "tentative agreement was approved by UPT's board of directors", "5726ed12708984140094d645": "1952", "5726ed12708984140094d646": "$25 million in shares", "5726ed12708984140094d647": "25 million in shares", "5726ed12708984140094d648": "American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "August 10, 1948", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": "1948", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": "6.25 million", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": "$6.25 million", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": "September 30, 1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "Flintstones", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": "ABC", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": "Flintstones", "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": "7.5 million", "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": "NBC", "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "ABC and Disney", "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": "Disney", "572734af708984140094dae3": "circle logo", "572734af708984140094dae4": "Troika Design Group", "572734af708984140094dae5": "dot", "572734af708984140094dae6": "circle logo, also called \"the dot", "572735a15951b619008f86bf": "Pittard Sullivan", "572735a15951b619008f86c0": "production company vanity cards", "572735a15951b619008f86c1": "production company vanity cards", "572735a15951b619008f86c2": "1998\u20132002 four-note jingles for promotions and production company vanity cards", "572736625951b619008f86d1": "the 1993\u201394 season", "572736625951b619008f86d2": "60 seconds", "572736625951b619008f86d3": "Ten years later, in 1993", "572736625951b619008f86d4": "1993, the \"ABC Circle", "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": "three-dimensional appearance", "572736fc5951b619008f86da": "1977 ID sequence that featured a bubble", "572736fc5951b619008f86db": "ABC Circle", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": "Paul Rand", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": "Bauhaus typeface designed by Herbert Bayer in the 1920s", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": "Herbert Bayer", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": "graphic designer Paul Rand redesigned the ABC logo", "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": "ABC Radio", "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": "Entertainment Communications, Communications Resources", "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": "Entertainment Communications, Communications Resources", "57273954708984140094db05": "ten ratings points, landing the network in fourth place, behind NBC, CBS and Fox", "57273954708984140094db06": "Fox", "57273954708984140094db07": "Anne Sweeney", "57273954708984140094db08": "NASCAR", "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "two-year affiliate agreement in 2002", "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "September, Disney Chairman/CEO Michael Eisner", "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "first hit reality series, The Bachelor", "57273a0d708984140094db10": "Bachelor (the elimination-style dating show's success led to a spinoff, The Bachelorette", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": "Time Warner", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": "ABC", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": "NBC", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": "ABC", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": "2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": "Boy Meets World and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, the latter of which moved to The WB in September 2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": "2000", "57273c195951b619008f8721": "ABC", "57273c195951b619008f8722": "Regis Philbin", "57273c195951b619008f8723": "Buena Vista Television relaunching the show as a syndicated program (under that incarnation's original host Meredith Vieira", "57273c195951b619008f8724": "ABC", "57273d19708984140094db3d": "Capital Cities/ABC for $19 billion", "57273d19708984140094db3e": "February 9", "57273d19708984140094db3f": "Capital Cities to Knight Ridder", "57273d19708984140094db40": "Robert Iger", "57273d19708984140094db41": "Sports Night", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": "ABC", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": "ABC", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "ABC", "57273ef15951b619008f8751": "WJZ, WJZ-FM and WJZ-TV", "57273ef15951b619008f8752": "WABC, WABC-FM and WABC-TV", "57273ef15951b619008f8753": "Baltimore", "57273f9d708984140094db51": "Robert Kintner", "57273f9d708984140094db52": "DuMont Television Network", "57273f9d708984140094db53": "DuMont Television Network", "57273f9d708984140094db54": "DuMont Television Network", "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": "Paramount Pictures", "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": "Ranger", "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": "2002", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": "Cheyenne", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": "Maverick", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": "Walt Disney", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": "Bros", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": "ABC", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": "$500,000", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": "Goldenson at the end of 1953", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": "1953 for ABC to agree to finance part of the Disneyland", "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": "Allen Shaw", "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": "Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "FM stations", "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": "FM stations", "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": "September 1969", "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": "dramatic films", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": "Week", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": "$450,000", "572743fb708984140094db93": "ABC", "572743fb708984140094db94": "CBS and NBC", "572743fb708984140094db95": "behavioral and demographic data", "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": "Monday Night Football", "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": "Monday Night Football", "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": "ABC debuted Monday Night Football as part of its Monday prime time schedule", "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": "Monday Night Football helped earn ABC regularly score an audience share of 15%\u201316%", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": "Financial Interest and Syndication Rules", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": "FCC", "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": "U.S. syndication", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": "ABC", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": "ABC", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": "Central West division of ABC Theatres", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": "Chief Operating Officer of ABC", "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": "network's program development manager", "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": "soap operas", "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": "youth-oriented programming", "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": "Paramount Pictures (and would later become the President of ABC's eventual parent company, Disney", "572748745951b619008f87b1": "Fred Pierce", "572748745951b619008f87b2": "Fred Pierce", "572748745951b619008f87b3": "1974", "572748745951b619008f87b4": "1975", "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "Silverman, who left ABC in 1978 to become president of NBC's entertainment division", "5727492f708984140094dbb6": "Laverne & Shirley", "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "Three's Company", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": "Alex Haley novel that was published the previous year; in September, The Love Boat", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": "September", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": "September", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": "Roots, a miniseries based on an Alex Haley novel that was published the previous year; in September, The Love Boat", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": "1981", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": "Roone Arledge", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "ABC Sports", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "1977, Roone Arledge was named president of the new ABC News in addition to being president of ABC Sports", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": "149 Columbus Avenue", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": "Arledge", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": "Hugh Downs", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": "Hugh Downs appointed as its anchor (later paired alongside his former Today colleague Barbara Walters", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": "MCA Inc. for $20 million", "57274cac708984140094dbdd": "24-hour news channel called ABC Cable News", "57274cac708984140094dbde": "Cable News", "57274cac708984140094dbdf": "WJRT-TV", "57274cac708984140094dbe0": "Flint, Michigan affiliate WJRT-TV", "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "2007\u201308", "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "December 2007", "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "Caris & Co. that it would be selling the ten ABC owned-and-operated stations", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": "ABC Entertainment Group", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": "ABC Entertainment Group", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": "Citadel Media", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": "Apple Inc. to make individual episodes of ABC and Disney Channel programs available for purchase on iTunes", "57274f07708984140094dbed": "sixth and final season of Lost became the drama's lowest-rated season since its debut in 2004", "57274f07708984140094dbee": "lowest-rated season", "57274f07708984140094dbef": "Fridays", "57274f07708984140094dbf0": "Fridays", "5727504b5951b619008f881d": "Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films", "5727504b5951b619008f881e": "Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films", "5727504b5951b619008f881f": "Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor", "5727504b5951b619008f8820": "Ruby-Spears and Hanna-Barbera libraries", "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": "International Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": "Buena Vista Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": "Buena Vista Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": "Palomar theatrical", "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": "WPVI-TV", "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": "March 2015[update], ABC has eight owned-and-operated stations", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": "WABC-TV", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": "96.26%", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "1943. The network's first logo, introduced in 1946", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "1943", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "1943", "57275573708984140094dc45": "Supernanny", "57275573708984140094dc46": "Home Edition", "57275573708984140094dc47": "HD", "57275573708984140094dc48": "Home Edition", "57275650708984140094dc5f": "1080i HD", "57275650708984140094dc60": "1080i HD", "57275650708984140094dc61": "1080i HD", "57275650708984140094dc62": "720p high definition, the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties", "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "ABC", "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": "ABC", "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "ABC would manage to outrate NBC", "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "Brothers & Sisters", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": "Hulu", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": "43 years", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": "long-running soap operas", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": "seven months", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": "fourth place in the 18\u201349", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": "eight years, finished the season in first place in the 18\u201349 demographic for the first time since 2004", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "ABC", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": "14 season", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": "Suburgatory", "57275a505951b619008f889f": "Modern Family", "57275a505951b619008f88a0": "Dragon's Den reality format) also became a midseason sleeper hit on Sundays in the spring of 2010", "57275a505951b619008f88a1": "Sundays", "57275a505951b619008f88a2": "2012\u201313 season", "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Robert Iger", "57275bfb708984140094dc98": "Robert Iger", "57275bfb708984140094dc99": "NYPD Blue", "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": "Steven Bochco", "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": "gritty police", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": "FCC repealed the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules, once again allowing networks to hold interests in television production studios", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": "Capital Cities/ABC purchased the French animation studio DIC Entertainment", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": "Time Warner", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": "American households", "57275e125951b619008f88d7": "Chicago radio station WLS", "57275e125951b619008f88d8": "WLS launched a new lineup consisting of ABC Radio programming", "57275e125951b619008f88d9": "John Bassett", "57275e125951b619008f88da": "25% interest in CFTO-TV", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": "29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": "sports could be a major catalyst in improving the network's market share. On April 29, 1961", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": "sports could be a major catalyst in improving the network's market share. On April 29, 1961", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": "Wide World of Sports, an anthology series created by Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": "ABC Theatres", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": "Dating Game", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": "Newlywed Game", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "66th Street", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": "three major networks", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": "opulent", "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": "1981", "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": "Repertory Television Service (ARTS), a cable channel operated as a joint venture with the Hearst Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8921": "Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8922": "Getty Oil", "5727623a5951b619008f8923": "KXYZ", "5727623a5951b619008f8924": "KXYZ", "572763a8708984140094dcd9": "Daniel B. Burke", "572763a8708984140094dcda": "Daniel B. Burke", "572763a8708984140094dcdb": "CEO. Capital Cities/ABC reported revenues of $465 million", "572763a8708984140094dcdc": "network", "572763a8708984140094dcdd": "Home Improvement", "572764855951b619008f8951": "9:00 a.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8952": "9:00 a.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8953": ":00 to 9:00 a.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8954": "Late nights", "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": "locally licensed affiliate", "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "Lima", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": "WBND-LD", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in a few markets, such as Birmingham, Alabama", "57276690708984140094dd01": "Touchstone Television", "57276690708984140094dd02": "ABC Studios", "57276690708984140094dd03": "ABC Television Center", "57276690708984140094dd04": "two main production facilities: the ABC Television Center", "5727678e5951b619008f8973": "ABC News", "5727678e5951b619008f8974": "1500 Broadway on land in Times Square owned by a development fund for the 42nd Street Project; opened in 1999, Good Morning America", "5727678e5951b619008f8975": "Peter Jennings Way in 2006", "5727678e5951b619008f8976": "World News Tonight", "572768d9708984140094dd13": "ABC on Demand, which is carried on most traditional cable and IPTV providers", "572768d9708984140094dd14": "Hulu", "572768d9708984140094dd15": "July 6, 2009", "572768d9708984140094dd16": "Hulu", "572769e85951b619008f8985": "WATCH ABC, Hulu", "572769e85951b619008f8986": "January 7, 2014", "572769e85951b619008f8987": "Hulu", "572769e85951b619008f8988": "January 7, 2014", "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": "LoyalKaspar", "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": "four", "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": "ABC Modern", "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": "ESPN on ABC, while all four variants are used selectively in advertising and by affiliates", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": "CBS's rose by 44% ($117 million). However that year, ABC had only 14 primary affiliates compared to the 74", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": "NBC", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": "All-Channel Receiver Act (passed by Congress in 1961", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": "UHF tuning", "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": "off-hours clearances", "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "ABC programming", "57276d7f708984140094dd41": "West Virginia", "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "digital television", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": "Walt Disney Presents", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "Desilu", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": "Desilu Productions", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": "April 1959", "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": "CBS and NBC in broadcasting films on Sunday nights in 1962, with the launch of the ABC Sunday Night Movie", "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": "CBS and NBC", "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": "Jetsons", "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": "Jetsons", "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": "April 1, 1963", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": "ABC management", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": "FCC", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": "July 1967", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": "FCC", "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": "Capital Cities Communications", "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": "Capital Cities purchasing ABC and its related properties for $3.5 billion", "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": "1985", "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": "E. W. Scripps Company", "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": "12 television stations", "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": "September 5, 1985. After the ABC/Capital Cities merger was finalized on January 3, 1986", "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "Capital Cities", "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": "president of ABC's broadcasting division", "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "1985", "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "Roone Arledge", "57277585708984140094de2b": "Happy Days and Three's Company ended in 1984 (with the latter producing a short-lived spinoff that year), while The Love Boat", "57277585708984140094de2c": "Happy Days and Three's Company ended in 1984 (with the latter producing a short-lived spinoff that year), while The Love Boat", "57277585708984140094de2d": "NBC", "57277585708984140094de2e": "Love Boat", "57277585708984140094de2f": "comedies", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": "Friday night schedule around family-friendly comedies in the late 1980s, culminating in the 1989 debut of the \"TGIF", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": "Thank Goodness It's Funny", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": "Miller-Boyett Productions", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": "comedies", "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": "Houston radio stations KXYZ", "572776e85951b619008f8a80": "Ralph Nelson-directed Charly. It was renamed ABC Motion Pictures", "572776e85951b619008f8a81": "Ralph Nelson-directed Charly", "572776e85951b619008f8a82": "Motion Pictures", "572776e85951b619008f8a83": "amusement parks sector", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": "NBC and CBS", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": "1953 and 1958", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": "10% and 18% of the total U.S. population, as it still had relatively fewer affiliates than NBC and CBS", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": "Treiz", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": "1957, ABC Entertainment president Ollie Treiz", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": "counterprogramming", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": "NBC and CBS in the fall of 1957, and its detective shows", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": "fall of 1957", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": "NBC and CBS in the fall of 1957, and its detective shows", "57277af2708984140094dec3": "WATCH", "57277af2708984140094dec4": "six remaining ABC O&Os offering streams by the start of the 2013\u201314 season", "57277af2708984140094dec5": "Hearst Television", "57277af2708984140094dec6": "WatchESPN service", "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "Sinclair", "57277bfc708984140094deda": "Sinclair owns the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size", "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "overall market reach", "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "ABC stations by numerical total, owning or providing services to 28 ABC affiliates", "57277bfc708984140094dedd": "15 ABC-affiliated stations", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "Start Here\". Also developed by Troika", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": "Troika", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": "ABC News", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": "ABC News", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": "Grand Rapids, Michigan (WZZM and WOTV", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "1994", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "WZZM and WOTV", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "WWSB", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": "Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": "Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": "Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": "Mongol Empire", "5726a00d708984140094cc25": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726a00d708984140094cc26": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726a00d708984140094cc27": "1227 after defeating the Western Xia", "5726a00d708984140094cc28": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726a00d708984140094cc29": "1227 after defeating the Western Xia. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": "1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": "Yes\u00fcgei", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": "1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": "Tem\u00fcjin-\u00fcge", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": "Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": "Begter and Belgutei", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": "difficult", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": "His father arranged a marriage", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": "Dai Setsen, the head of the new household, until he reached the marriageable age of 12", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": "Begter, Temujin", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": "mother", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": "Begter, Temujin's older half-brother", "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": "Begter, Temujin's older half-brother", "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": "Tayichi'ud", "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": "Tem\u00fcjin", "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": "1177", "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": "Genghis Khan", "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": "ger (yurt) in the middle of the night by hiding in a river crevice", "5726a784708984140094ccff": "arranged marriages", "5726a784708984140094cd00": "Hoelun taught him many lessons about the unstable political climate of Mongolia", "5726a784708984140094cd01": "Chinese dynasties", "5726a784708984140094cd02": "Mongolia", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "B\u00f6rte", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": "Merkits", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": "B\u00f6rte", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": "Tem\u00fcjin", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "Tem\u00fcjin", "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "Chagatai (1187\u20141241), \u00d6gedei", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "\u00d6gedei", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "Genghis Khan", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "Chagatai", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "six", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": "Toghrul", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": "Keraites", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "Keraites", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": "Merkits", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": "20,000 of his Keraite warriors", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": "Mongolian aristocracy", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": "1186", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": "1186, Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": "1186", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": "Qara Khitai", "5726ae32708984140094cdab": "Yassa code", "5726ae32708984140094cdac": "Yassa code, Tem\u00fcjin promised civilians", "5726ae32708984140094cdad": "orphans from the conquered tribe", "5726ae32708984140094cdae": "victory", "5726af765951b619008f7a51": "Jochi", "5726af765951b619008f7a52": "Jamukha", "5726af765951b619008f7a53": "Jamukha", "5726af765951b619008f7a54": "Jamukha", "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "Naimans", "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "1201, a khuruldai", "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "1201", "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "Naimans", "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "Naimans (Naiman Mongols), with whom Jamukha and his followers took refuge. The Naimans", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": "Jamukha", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": "Tem\u00fcjin had killed the men who betrayed Jamukha", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": "friendship and reunion", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": "death", "5726b879708984140094cf01": "Chinese", "5726b879708984140094cf02": "Jamukha", "5726b879708984140094cf03": "Khasar", "5726b879708984140094cf04": "military strategies", "5726b879708984140094cf05": "Jochi", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": "1206", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "1206 Tem\u00fcjin", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "Khagan", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": "Genghis Khan\". The title Khagan", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "Genghis", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": "Jin dynasty", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": "Ming-Tan, to the Mongol side, who defected and told the Mongols", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": "Zhongdu", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": "Zhongdu", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": "\u00d6gedei Khan. The Jin dynasty collapsed in 1234", "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": "Genghis Khan decided to conquer the Qara Khitai and defeat Kuchlug", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "Liao", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": "tumen (20,000 soldiers) against Kuchlug", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "Jebe", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "Kuchlug", "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": "Qara Khitai more vulnerable to Mongol conquest", "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": "Kashgar", "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": "1218", "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": "Qara Khitai", "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": "Khwarezmid Empire", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": "Genghis Khan", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": "500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire. However, Inalchuq", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": "two Mongols and a Muslim", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": "100,000 soldiers (10 tumens", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": "Genghis Khan saw the potential advantage in Khwarezmia", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": "Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "Jochi", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "second", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": "Jochi", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "Khwarzemia to form, with the first division, a pincer attack on Samarkand", "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": "Khwarezmia", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "Genghis Khan ordered the wholesale massacre of many of the civilians", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "molten silver", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": "Khwarezmia", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "Jebe", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": "Bukhara", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": "Bukhara", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "map", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "Samarkand", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "Genghis supposedly reneged", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "enemies as body shields", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "twelve days", "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": "Turkish defenders", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "artisans and craftsmen", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "twelve", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": "young men who had not fought were drafted into the Mongolian army", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": "1220", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": "Subutai", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": "Kalka River in 1223", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": "Kalka River in 1223, Subutai's forces defeated the larger Kievan force", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": "1223", "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "1240", "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "1240", "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "Transoxiana", "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "Jebe", "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "Samarkand", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": "Tanguts", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": "Tanguts. His armies quickly took Heisui, Ganzhou", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": "Tangut generals", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": "Lingzhou and crossed the Yellow River", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": "five stars", "57272dd55951b619008f8697": "Ning Hia", "57272dd55951b619008f8698": "Jianlong", "57272dd55951b619008f8699": "Ma Jianlong", "57272dd55951b619008f869a": "Liupanshan", "57272dd55951b619008f869b": "executed", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": "Jochi", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": "Chagatai", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": "Jochi's paternity was voiced most strongly by Chagatai", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": "\u00d6gedei", "57272ff2708984140094dabd": "Chagatai and Jochi", "57272ff2708984140094dabe": "Chagatai", "57272ff2708984140094dabf": "youngest son", "57272ff2708984140094dac0": "\u00d6gedei", "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": "1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "Khorasan", "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "Urgench", "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "Genghis Khan", "5727311d5951b619008f86af": "1226", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": "1227, during the fall of Yinchuan", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": "Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": "1227", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": "Western Xia", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": "rival Oirads", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": "without markings", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": "many years after his death", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": "Khentii Aimag, where many assume he is buried somewhere close to the Onon River", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": "Genghis Khan Mausoleum", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": "Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": "relics", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": "Communist troops advanced, the Nationalist soldiers", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": "Japanese troops", "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": "1970s", "57273581708984140094daeb": "Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daec": "rural Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daed": "Folklore", "57273581708984140094daee": "many horses", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": "Genghis Khan", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": "Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": "Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "ethnicity", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "history", "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": "religious tolerance", "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": "Genghis Khan, Ong Khan", "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": "religious tolerance", "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": "Christian", "572739a75951b619008f86f7": "Khagan", "572739a75951b619008f86f8": "Pax Mongolica", "572739a75951b619008f86f9": "Chinese", "572739a75951b619008f86fa": "Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals, including women", "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": "Chu'Tsai", "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": "nomads", "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": "Jin", "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "Chu'Tsai", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": "Muqali, Jebe and Subutai", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Karakorum", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": "Genghis Khan", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": "Jebe", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": "great deal of autonomy in making command decisions", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "siege warfare", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "Chinese siege engines and engineers to aid the Mongol cavalry", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "feigned retreat", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "feigned retreat", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": "Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": "Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": "1227", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": "China", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": "cohesive political environment", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": "great military leader", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": "meritocracy", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": "Silk Road", "5727404b708984140094db59": "early 1990s", "5727404b708984140094db5a": "Mongolians", "5727404b708984140094db5b": "children", "5727404b708984140094db5c": "butchery", "5727404b708984140094db5d": "butchery is exaggerated", "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": "Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": "Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": "Ulaanbaatar", "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": "trivialization", "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": "Ulaanbaatar", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "Ikh Zasag (Great Administration), the first written Mongolian law", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": "Genghis Khan", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": "speech", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": ".", "57275250708984140094dc25": "Inner Mongolia region", "57275250708984140094dc26": "Genghis Khan", "57275250708984140094dc27": "Yuan dynasty", "57275250708984140094dc28": "Yuan", "57275250708984140094dc29": "grandson", "572753af708984140094dc2f": "Iran", "572753af708984140094dc30": "Middle East", "572753af708984140094dc31": "15 million people", "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "1237", "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "Mamluks of Egypt", "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "123", "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "1237 Batu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, launched an invasion into Kievan Rus'", "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "Pskov", "572756715951b619008f8877": "Mughal emperors", "572756715951b619008f8878": "Genghis Khan and Timur", "572756715951b619008f8879": "Nishapur", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": "tenggis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": "Mongols", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": "Chinese: \u6b63", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": "Genghis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "Mongolian pronunciation would have closely matched \"Chinggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": "\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": "\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": "simplified Chinese: \u94c1\u6728\u771f; traditional Chinese: \u9435\u6728\u771e; pinyin: Ti\u011bm\u00f9zh\u0113n", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": "\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": "\u9435\u6728\u771e; pinyin: Ti\u011bm\u00f9zh\u0113n", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "poison", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "approproriate", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "healthcare professionals with specialised education and training", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "optimisation of a drug treatment for an individual", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "small-business", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "small-business proprietors", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "senior pharmacy technicians", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "GPhC) register. The GPhC", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "pharmacy health care professionals", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care professional", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "PhT", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "Pedanius Dioscorides", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Carystus", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "Pedanius", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "710\u2013794), the men who fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "Taih\u014d Code", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "assistants", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "Emperor", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "865\u2013915", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi (Rhazes) (865\u2013915", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Al-Biruni", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "Al-Biruni", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "865\u2013915", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "Dubrovnik, Croatia, located inside the Franciscan monastery, opened in 1317", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Dubrovnik, Croatia", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "Ll\u00edvia", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "medieval Esteve Pharmacy, located in Ll\u00edvia", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1422", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment, etc., specified in legislation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "pharmacy technicians", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "trained pharmacy technicians while the pharmacist spends more time communicating with patients. Pharmacy technicians are now more dependent upon automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "patient safety issues", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "storage conditions", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "pharmacy practice residency", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "clinical pharmacists and they often specialize in various disciplines of pharmacy", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "pharmacy", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "pharmacy practice residency", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "hospital", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "single dose of medicine", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "compounding", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "highest level possible", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "medications", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "patient care services", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "clinical pharmacy movement", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics. Clinical pharmacists often collaborate with physicians and other healthcare professionals to improve pharmaceutical care", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "other healthcare professionals", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "pharmaceutical care", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "drug therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals of therapy, and reviewing all prescribed medications prior to dispensing and administration to the patient", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "drug therapy plan", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "prescribing authority", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist and these pharmacists will carry the initials BCACP", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist and these pharmacists will carry the initials BCACP", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "VA, the Indian Health Service", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "nursing homes", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "consultant pharmacists begin to work directly with patients", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "pharmacists", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "online pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "2000", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "prescription drugs without requiring a prescription. Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "prescription drugs without requiring a prescription. Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "prescription drugs", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "prescription drugs", "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": "Internet pharmacies", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "prescription for a controlled substance to be valid", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "Internet pharmacies", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "valid", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "filling pharmacy", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "practitioner", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "FDA) regulations and federal laws, enforcement is generally targeted at international drug suppliers", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "authorities", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "importation of medications", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "information science", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "patient information projects and health system interoperability goals", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "information technology departments", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "pharmacy informatics is growing quickly", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "specialty drugs", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "specialty drugs", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "chronic and complex disease states such as cancer", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "community pharmacy", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "kickback\" payments", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "American physicians", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "business partnerships with physicians", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "prescription-only medicines to their patients from within their practices", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "dispensing physicians", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": ".", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "possible, and in exaggerating their seriousness, because he or she can then sell more medications to the patient", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "high risk of a conflict of interest", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "patient", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "patient", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "health care system", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "patient care skills", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "MTM", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "MTM", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "MTM", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "limited prescribing rights", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "Australian Government", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "pharmacy education", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "pestle", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "early 20th century", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "ria", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "different", "5726e65e708984140094d53d": "organism", "5726e65e708984140094d53e": "disease", "5726e65e708984140094d53f": "innate immune system", "5726e65e708984140094d540": "innate immune system", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": "organism", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": "disease", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": "innate immune system", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "neuroimmune system", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system which protects the brain", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "innate immune system", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "humans", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "neuroimmune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8275": "multiple defense mechanisms", "5726eb785951b619008f8276": "multiple defense mechanisms", "5726eb785951b619008f8277": "eukaryotes", "5726eb785951b619008f8278": "Adaptive (or acquired) immunity", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "defense mechanisms", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": "Immunodeficiency", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": "less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": "normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": "normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": "cancer", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": "Thucydides", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": "scorpion venom", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": "vaccination", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": "1901", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "microorganisms", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "microorganisms", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "medicine", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "innate immune system", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "innate immune system", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "attacks", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "innate immune system", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self molecules are those components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "non-self molecules are called antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "immune receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "innate immune system", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microbes are identified by pattern recognition receptors, which recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "pathogens", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects, the shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "irritants", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "respiratory tract", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "defensins", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "Vaginal secretions", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc to kill pathogens. In the stomach, gastric acid and proteases", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "most antibiotics non-specifically target bacteria and do not affect fungi", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "lactobacilli normally found in unpasteurized yogurt", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pathogenic bacteria", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "infection", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are caused by increased blood flow into tissue. Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "cytokines", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "phagosome, which subsequently fuses with another vesicle called a lysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "pathogens", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens. Neutrophils", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens. Neutrophils", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "bloodstream and are the most abundant type of phagocyte, normally representing 50% to 60% of the total circulating leukocytes", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Innate cells", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Innate cells", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive immune system", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells, or NK cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC I", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIR", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific \"non-self\" antigens during a process called antigen presentation", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "pathogen-infected cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "helper T cell", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "helper T cell. In addition there are regulatory T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC molecules", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class I MHC molecules", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "TCR", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4 co-receptor, which recruits molecules inside the T cell (e.g., Lck", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "MHC:antigen", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "helper T cell", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40 ligand (also called CD154", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor (TCR", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor (TCR", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "NK cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "adaptive immunity", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "large numbers of human V\u03b39/V\u03b42 T cells", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "specific foreign antigen. This antigen/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis into peptides", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "adaptive", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "short-term memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "pathogen", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG, is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "colostrum", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "IgG", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "female sex hormones", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "innate immune responses", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "puberty", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "testosterone seem to be immunosuppressive", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "immunizations", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "vitamin D levels", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "UVB radiation", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "thyroid hormone activity", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "NK cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "antigens", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "tumor cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "hypersensitive response, whereby cells at the site of infection undergo rapid apoptosis", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "SAR) is a type of defensive response used by plants", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "systemic response", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "self and non-self", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "self-antigens, preventing autoimmunity", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "\"self\" peptides", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "immunosenescence", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "immunosenescence", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "obesity, alcoholism, and drug use are common causes of poor immune function. However, malnutrition", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "immunization", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "natural specificity of the immune system, as well as its inducibility", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "digest the barrier, for example, by using a type II secretion system", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "secretion system", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "hollow tube into the host cell", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens, an allograft", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "histocompatibility", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "methotrexate or azathioprine", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "anti-inflammatory molecules", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "oxidative stress", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "vitamin D receptor", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "symbiotic relationship with vitamin D. Not only does the T-cell extend a vitamin D receptor", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "phagocytic cells", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "RNA interference pathway", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "lamprey and hagfish", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "VLRs) that, like the antigen receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "adaptive immune system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "bacteriophages", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "bacteriophages", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "CRISPR sequences", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "humoral\" theories of immunity", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "humoral\" theories of immunity", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity. According to the cellular theory of immunity", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "cytokine TGF-\u03b2, which suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "macrophages and lymphocytes", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "IV", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "anaphylactic reaction", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "IgE", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "Type", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "viruses", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum) and leishmaniasis", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "surface proteins", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "antigens", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "papillomavirus", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "melanomas", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanomas", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "proteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophilic amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions than hydrophobic amino acids", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "proteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B cells", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "immunoinformatics. Immunoproteomics", "572a12386aef051400155234": "prolactin", "572a12386aef051400155235": "prolactin", "572a12386aef051400155236": "Th1", "572a12386aef051400155237": "prolactin", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "plasma membrane", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "rapid killing response. The speed of the response is a result of signal amplification", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "rapid killing response", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "disobedience", "57271c235951b619008f860c": "1919 Revolution. Civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws", "57271c235951b619008f860d": "Soviet Union", "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Ukraine", "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Ukraine", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "British occupation", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "1919", "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus", "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8639": "Oedipus", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "Sophocles", "5727213c708984140094da35": "Percy Shelley", "5727213c708984140094da36": "social action", "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha", "5727213c708984140094da39": "Satyagraha", "5727213c708984140094da37": "Gandhi", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "nonviolent protest", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "Gandhi", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha", "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", "572726c9708984140094da7c": "ambiguity", "572726c9708984140094da7d": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "civil disobedience\" has always suffered from ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "civil disobedience", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "ambiguity", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "impossible", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "Wonderland", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": ".", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "\"the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible. In reviewing the voluminous literature", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "voluminous", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "voluminous literature", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "violent civil disobedience", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "violent civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164370": "head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164371": "constitutional impasse in which two public agencies", "57280f974b864d1900164372": "a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", "57280f974b864d1900164373": "Civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164374": "a constitutional impasse", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "citizen's relation to the state and its laws", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "constitutional", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "citizen's relation to the state and its laws", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "imprisonment", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "individual", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "collector", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "government", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "Thoreau's political philosophy pitching the conscience vs. the collective. The individual is the final judge of right and wrong", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "door", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "government", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "governmental entities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies", "572818f54b864d190016446c": "lawbreaking", "572818f54b864d190016446d": "lawbreaking", "572818f54b864d190016446e": "ing", "572818f54b864d190016446f": "19", "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "lawbreaking", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "lawbreaking", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "lawbreaking", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "lawbreaking", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "lawbreaking", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "civil disobedience requires \"carefully chosen and legitimate means", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "non-violent", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "non-violent. Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violent. Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "carefully chosen and legitimate means", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "non-violent. Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "carefully chosen and legitimate means", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "carefully chosen and legitimate means", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "Ferenc De\u00e1k directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "Austrian government", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "revolutionary civil disobedience", "572822233acd2414000df555": "Roman Empire", "572822233acd2414000df556": "pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem", "572822233acd2414000df557": "Thoreau, at the time of his arrest, was not yet a well-known author", "572822233acd2414000df558": "essay", "572822233acd2414000df559": "Mexican War", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "Roman Empire[citation needed]. Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "Thoreau", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "citation needed", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "Bedau", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "public policy goals may serve a propaganda purpose", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Government", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "Luna", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "738 days", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "illegal acts", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "Bedau", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "public policy", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "illegal acts", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "738 days", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "allegedly", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "allegedly", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "forbidden speech", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "George Carlin comedy album", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "pure speech, civil disobedience can consist simply of engaging in the forbidden speech", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "distributed denial-of-service attacks", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates and using sickles", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "GCSB Waihopai", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "coercion", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "moral dialogue", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "Brownlee", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "moral dialogue", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "suspect may need to decide whether or not to grant a consent search of his property, and whether or not to talk to police officers", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "police officers", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "civil disobedience cases", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "investigators' questions", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "punishment", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "legitimacy of any government", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "plead guilty", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "plead guilty", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "guilty", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "creative plea", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "not guilty", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "August 1957, at the Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas, Nevada", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "August 1957", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "August 1957", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "nolo contendere\", as an alternative to pleading either guilty or not-guilty", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "jail", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "civil disobedience. The key point is that the spirit of protest", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "civil disobedience. The key point is that the spirit of protest", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "civil disobedience", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "Camden 28", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "Camden 28", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "blind", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "allocution", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "technical defense", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "acquittal", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "nullification", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "nullification", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "jury nullification", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "conscientious nor of social benefit", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "civil disobedience", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "civil disobedience", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "Michael Bayles", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Vietnam War", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "Vietnam War", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Vietnam War", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "necessity defense", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "Fully Informed Jury Association activists", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "deterrence", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "Brownlee argues, \"Bringing in deterrence", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "criminal punishment", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "deterrence", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction differs from manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8700": "mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "gross domestic product of developed countries", "57273a465951b619008f8702": "Construction differs from manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8703": "manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client", "57273cca708984140094db33": "construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer", "57273cca708984140094db34": "construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer", "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db37": "environmental impact of the job", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "Building construction", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "non-residential (commercial/institutional). Infrastructure is often called heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "mills and manufacturing plants", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "ENR", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "heavy contractors", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "North American Industry Classification System", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "construction service firms", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "real property or construction of buildings", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "design team", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "detailed plans", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "building authority", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "e.g. brick versus stone, versus timber", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "lot of waste", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "custom designed homes", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "around 20 hours", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "3D-printed building is scheduled to be built in 2014", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "January 2013", "572745c6708984140094db9a": "physical proceedings", "572745c6708984140094db99": "formal design team", "572745c6708984140094db9b": "property owner", "572745c6708984140094db9c": "quantity surveyor", "572745c6708984140094db9d": "property owner", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "specialties", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "design-build, partnering and construction management", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "design-build, partnering and construction management", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "design or construction services", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "Cash flow problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "Cash flow problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "Underbids", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "preventable", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "mortgage banker", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants act to study the expected monetary flow over the life of the project", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "change orders", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "legal requirements come from malum in se considerations, or the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad \u2013 bridge collapses or explosions", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "a delay costs money", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "each side", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "PFIs", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "PFIs", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", "572753335951b619008f8853": "project coordinator", "572753335951b619008f8854": "project coordinator", "572753335951b619008f8855": "the architect's client and the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8856": "main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8857": "building is ready to occupy", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "appropriate contractor", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "several contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "2", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "utility lines marked, either by the utilities themselves", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "utilities themselves or through a company specializing in such services. This lessens the likelihood of damage", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "utility lines marked, either by the utilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "approved plans and the local building code", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "occupancy permit", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "960 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "nonresidential", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000 firms employing 1 million contractors", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10 employees", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000 women were employed in the construction industry", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a342,090", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a342,090", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "construction workers in the US/Canada have made more than $100,000 annually", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "construction industry", "572756fe708984140094dc72": "construction industry", "572756fe708984140094dc73": "electrocution", "572756fe708984140094dc74": "construction industry", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "art scholarship, academic scholarship", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "local, state or national governments", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", "57274712708984140094dbad": "tuition-free' schools to more than $45,000", "57274712708984140094dbae": "K-12 schools range from nothing at so called 'tuition-free' schools to more than $45,000", "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Commonwealth countries including Australia", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "North America", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "university-preparatory schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth). This category includes university-preparatory schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "prep schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "schools", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic schools", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Protestants, Jews, Muslims and the Orthodox Christians", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "private schools", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "government schools", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "government schools - for example, a compulsory blazer", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "Australia", "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Presbyterian Church", "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Catholic schools fall into this category as well, e.g. St Joseph's College", "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "St Ursula's College", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Germany is in Article 7, Paragraph 4", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "private schools was implemented to protect these schools from a second Gleichschaltung", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "6.1% to 7.8%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "Germany", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Sonderungsverbot", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "public", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "low tuition fees and/or offer scholarships", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "non-tertiary) schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "private organizations or rarely, religious groups", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "unaided independent school", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "multiple states are the CBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "academic authorities that conduct examinations for school leaving certificates", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "union government", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "non-profit trusts and societies can run schools in India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "largest adult illiterate population", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "government", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "government", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "boarding schools", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "Jesus", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese as the medium of instruction", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "Chinese", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "National Type\" schools", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "National Type\" schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "un-aided' schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "fully funded by private parties", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "private schools", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "Nepali", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Nepali", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "state-integrated schools", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "Zealand", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "New Zealand", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "private schools in New Zealand are now largely restricted to the largest cities", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "private schools in New Zealand are now largely restricted to the largest cities (Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "College", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "Catholic schismatic", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "private sector", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "public schools", "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992", "5727500f708984140094dc01": "natural science", "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Tuition Fee Supplement", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "Tuition Fee", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "Financial", "5727515f708984140094dc11": "South African Schools Act of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "two categories of schools", "5727515f708984140094dc13": "two categories of schools: \"public\" (state-controlled", "5727515f708984140094dc14": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", "57275409708984140094dc35": "democracy", "57275409708984140094dc36": "government schools formerly reserved for other race groups", "57275409708984140094dc37": "public schools", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "private schools in 2008", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "10,000 pupils", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "Knowledge School", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "voucher model", "572756265951b619008f886d": "Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils aged up to 13 years old to enter public schools", "572756265951b619008f886e": "Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils aged up to 13 years old to enter public schools", "572756265951b619008f886f": "fee-paying schools at GSCE level and 13 per cent at A-level", "572756265951b619008f8870": "GSCE", "572756265951b619008f8871": "\u00a321,000", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "1954 decision", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "1970s", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "1970s", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "1954", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "1954", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "religious organizations or private individuals", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "Establishment Clause of the First", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Establishment Clause", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter status", "572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts", "572759665951b619008f8884": "Massachusetts in 1852. The Supreme Court precedent appears to favor educational choice", "572759665951b619008f8885": "Yoder", "572759665951b619008f8886": "Supreme Court precedent", "572759665951b619008f8887": "1852. The Supreme Court precedent appears to favor educational choice", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$50,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "40,000 annually for day schools in New York City, and nearly $50,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "boarding schools. The leading schools such as the Groton School", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard (its first benefactor), Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "Radcliffe College", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant led the university", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Harvard College", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "1869\u20131909", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "over 18 million volumes", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "over 18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight U", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Boston metropolitan area", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "Harvard", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Radcliffe Institute", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard in Cambridge, approximately 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Boston", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "Harvard College", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "Harvard College", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "London", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "particular denomination", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Harvard", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "chair in 1805", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Common Sense Realism derived from Scottish philosophers Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Eliot, president 1869\u20131909, eliminated the favored position of Christianity", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "American higher education", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "American higher education", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "higher education", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "higher education", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "Harvard and Radcliffe admissions in 1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "Radcliffe admissions in 1977", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "Cambridge", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "senior undergraduates", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "Harvard Yard", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "Quadrangle", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "145", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "John W. Weeks Bridge", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "21-acre (8.5 ha) campus", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "Cambridge", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "Cambridge campus", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "school, but surrounding community, pointing to such features as the enhanced transit infrastructure", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "undergraduates and 14,000 graduate students", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "lecturers, and instructors instruct 7,200 undergraduates and 14,000 graduate students", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "undergraduates", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "magenta", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "Crimson", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "32 billion in 2011, up from $28 billion in September 2010", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "September 2011[update], it had nearly regained the loss suffered during the 2008 recession", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "2009", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$159 million for students, and a Pell Grant reserve of $4.093 million", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$159 million for students", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "South Africa movement", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Kent-Brown", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "Harvard College accepted 5.3% of applicants for the class of 2019, a record low and the second lowest acceptance rate among all national universities", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "Harvard College", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "core curriculum of seven classes outside of their concentration. Since 2008", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "eight General Education categories", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "teaching fellows", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "September", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "half-courses per term and must maintain a four-course rate average to be considered full-time", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "summa cum laude", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "90% in 2004 to 60% in 2005", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "414 million", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "undergraduate students", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "Pusey Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "over 18 million volumes", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three museums", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "Review", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "Ivy League", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "Yale University culminating in The Game, although the Harvard\u2013Yale Regatta predates the football game", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "football", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "sport's history", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Walter Camp", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "Malkin Athletic Center, known as the \"MAC\"", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "MAC", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23 years", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "June", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "Harvard", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "U", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": ".", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "res", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "comedian", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "tein", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Ma", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": ".", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": ".", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig.", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": ".", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "States", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "Florida", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "Atlantic coast", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "Miami", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Caroline", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "1564", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "son", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "19th century", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "Jacksonville area", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "United States", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands of years", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "2500 BC", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "2500 BC. In the 16th century", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "2500 BC. In the 16th century", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "e", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "1565", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "1964", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "British", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "British", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the British called the Cow Ford", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "British", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "1832", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "Florida to aid the Confederate cause. The city was blockaded by Union forces", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "February 1864 Union forces left Jacksonville and confronted a Confederate Army at the Battle of Olustee", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "February 1864 Union forces left Jacksonville and confronted a Confederate Army at the Battle of Olustee", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "Union forces", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "February 1864 Union forces left Jacksonville and confronted a Confederate Army at the Battle of Olustee", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "Gilded Age, Jacksonville and nearby St. Augustine", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Florida", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "railroad", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "steamboat", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "later by railroad", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "eight hours", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "Spanish moss at a nearby mattress factory was quickly engulfed in flames and enabling the fire to spread rapidly. In just eight hours", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "Great Fire of 1901", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "Great Fire of 1901", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent film studios were established, earning Jacksonville the title of \"Winter Film Capital of the World\". However, the emergence of Hollywood", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "\"Winter Film Capital of the World\"", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "Hollywood", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "World War II", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "75.8% in 1970", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "middle class \"white flight", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "II", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "outlying communities", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs had difficulty obtaining municipal services, such as sewage and building code enforcement. In 1958", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "outlying communities", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "outlying communities", "57281d494b864d19001644be": "11", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "Lower taxes", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "Jacksonville", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Jacksonville", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "Jacksonville", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "half-penny sales tax", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "half-penny sales tax", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "contiguous United States", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "Johns", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "Baldwin", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "86.66% (757.7 sq mi or 1,962 km2) is land and ; 13.34%", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin", "572821274b864d1900164510": "Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164512": "Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164513": "617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors", "572821274b864d1900164514": "42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center (with its distinctive flared base", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "K\u00f6ppen Cfa)", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "November through April", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "K\u00f6ppen Cfa), with mild weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "July", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "July", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "thunderstorms to erupt", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "July", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "1871", "572824f13acd2414000df590": "Jacksonville", "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Tropical Storm Beryl", "572824f13acd2414000df592": "1999", "572824f13acd2414000df593": "Hurricane Floyd in 1999 caused damage mainly to Jacksonville Beach", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Florida", "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", "572826634b864d19001645c0": "American community", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "United States Navy", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "366,273", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "11", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "366,273", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "91.3 males", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "Oxfam", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "62 wealthiest individuals", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "global inequality", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "October 2015", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "half of the world's wealth is now in the hands of those in the top percentile, whose assets each exceed $759,900", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "Oxfam", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "Oxfam", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "Oxfam", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "Western Europe", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "Inherited wealth", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "PolitiFact", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "1 percent in the United States", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "substantial head start\". In September 2012", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "60 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "60 percent", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land. Within labor income distribution is due to differences in value added by different classifications of workers", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "lower-paid professions", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "labor income distribution is due to differences in value added by different classifications of workers. In this perspective, wages and profits", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "labor, capital and land. Within labor income distribution is due to differences in value added by different classifications of workers", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "capital equipment", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "capital equipment", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "organic composition of capital", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "competitive pressure", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "capital", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "capital equipment for labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "the employer", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "law of supply and demand", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "market", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "market", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "market", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "the employer, but rather by the market", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "market price of skill", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "environmental costs on to society, and abuse workers and consumers", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "high levels of inequality", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "high demand", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "low supply", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "low supply), but a large need for the positions (high demand", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "high demand", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "low supply", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "wage", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "low supply", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "drive up the wage", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "self-employment", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "self-employment", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "survival needs such as income for food and shelter", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "vocation", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "redistributive while the latter is expected to foster technological progress", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "entrepreneurship rates", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "survival needs such as income for food and shelter (\"push\" motivations", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "vocation", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "redistributive", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "progressive tax", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "top tax rate", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "progressivity of the tax system. A progressive tax", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "progressive tax system, the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "education raises incomes and promotes growth", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "education", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment. Conversely, education raises incomes and promotes growth", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "education raises incomes and promotes growth", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "lower incomes", "5729e1101d04691400779641": "access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages", "5729e1101d04691400779643": "lower wages", "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "productive potential of the poor", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "wealth gap and the resulting slow growth", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "$105 billion", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "S&P", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "Standard & Poor's rating agency", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "slow growth", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "skilled workers", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "unskilled workers", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "education", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "unskilled workers", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "skilled labor", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "mass high school education movement from 1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "educational inequality in gender", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "gender inequality in education can result to low economic growth", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "business regulation", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "U.S. economy consistently affords a lower level of economic mobility than all the continental European", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "CEPR point to economic liberalism", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "European liberalism", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "CEPR", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "U.S.-style labor-market flexibility", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "U.S. economy", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "organized labor in the United States", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "organized labor", "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5729e4291d04691400779652": "Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779653": "Jake Rosenfield of the University of Washington asserts that the decline of organized labor in the United States", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "low levels of inequality", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "high inequality goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "measurable", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "measurable", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "liberalisation", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "trade liberalisation has had a measurable effect", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "a domestic scale", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "trade", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "Trade economist Paul Krugman estimates that trade liberalisation", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "technological innovation", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "machine labor in wealthier nations", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "Bahrain", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "53% in Botswana", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "Bahrain", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "Gender pay gap in favor of males in the labor market", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender pay gap in favor of males in the labor market", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "labor market", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "average, women", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "women and men", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare programs", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "low levels of development", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "stages of development. According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have relatively equal distributions of wealth", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "stages of development. According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "economic inequality are in large part the result of stages of development", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "Simon Kuznets argued that levels of economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "more wealth and income and introducing inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "social welfare programs", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "the 1970s", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "Kuznets curve", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "cross-sectional data", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "income inequality will eventually decrease given time", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "multiple Kuznets' cycles", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "wealthy individuals or entities", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "wealth", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "wealth condensation", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "individuals or entities", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "beneficiaries", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "larger fortunes generate higher returns", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "rent-seeking", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "market forces should serve as a brake on such concentration, which may better be explained by the non-market force known as \"rent-seeking", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rent-seeking\". While the market will bid up compensation for rare and desired skills", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "social goods", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "high-end consumption", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "social goods", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "r = -.907", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "rising inequality", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "persistent unemployment", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "rising inequality", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "controlling unemployment", "572a06866aef0514001551be": "Kate Pickett", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "lower rates of social goods", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "lower", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23 developed countries", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "social goods", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "full stomachs, access to clean water and warmth from fuel \u2013 led to better health and longer lives", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "poorer countries", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "poorer countries", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans live no longer on average (about 77 years in 2004) than Greeks", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "Japan", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "recent years the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries is income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Kate Pickett", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett found health and social problems", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "UNICEF index", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality in society", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "over fifty studies showing tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "homicide rates can be accounted for by differences in the amount of inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "homicide rates related to inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "greatest number \u2013 economic inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "additional dollar spent by a much richer person", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "richer", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "aggregate utility", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "income inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "libertarian", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "consumption inequality was actually lower in 2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas B. Edsall", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "Hidden Prosperity of the Poor", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "economist", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "Raghuram Rajan argues that \"systematic economic inequalities", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "unsustainable monetary stimulation", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "duration of economic growth spells (not the rate of growth", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but also the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "GDP growth actually declines over the medium term", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "GDP growth", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "middle class", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "Vicente Royuela", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "Vicente Royuela", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "increasing inequality harms economic growth", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality-associated effects", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "Joseph", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milanovic, wrote in 2001", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milanovic", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "widespread education", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti", "572a11663f37b31900478694": "Perotti", "572a11663f37b31900478695": "Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", "572a11663f37b31900478696": "redistributive taxation", "572a11663f37b31900478697": "socially unstable", "572a12381d0469140077972d": "richer countries", "572a12381d0469140077972e": "richer countries", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "income inequality and rates of growth and investment", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard economist Robert Barro", "572a12381d0469140077972f": "between 1960 and 2000", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973c": "Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973d": "economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973f": "Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "Some theories popular from the 1950s to 2011", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "savings by the wealthy, if these increase with inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "more equality in the income distribution", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "economic growth", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "growth elasticity of poverty \u2013 can depend on the existing level of inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "high inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "Ki-Moon", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "progress on reducing poverty", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "property", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "various associations and other arrangements", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "extra-legal ownership", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "government land", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "extra-legal ownership include excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property and building, In some countries it can take over 200 steps", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "David Rodda", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "higher quality housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "higher quality housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "East New York", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "rising prices", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "costs of housing, pensions, education and health care", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "lower incomes", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts and one method of achieving this aspiration is by taking on debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts and one method of achieving this aspiration is by taking on debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "created", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "multiplier", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "current high level of population", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "environmental damage", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "vast disparities in wealth to the private ownership of the means of production", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "means of production by a class of owners", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "wage or salary", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "income differentials would be reflective of individual contributions to the social product", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "wealth by force (usually in the form of taxation", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "all individuals are free from force", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "Theory of Justice that inequalities", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "deprivation", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "neoliberalism, which \u201cdefines well-being as utility maximization", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "neoliberalism", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "neoliberalism", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "neoliberalism", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "capabilities", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "healthy young man", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "violence in the area that prevents people from going to work for fear of their lives", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "better relevant income", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "BBC", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": "1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "TARDIS", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "time-travelling space ship", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": "BBC", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": "1963 to 1989", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": "Russell T Davies", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": "K-9", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "Russell T Davies", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "Russell T Davies", "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "Doctor", "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": "Peter Capaldi", "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "Peter Capaldi", "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "Doctor", "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": "regeneration into a new incarnation", "5727f2583acd2414000df087": "Gallifrey", "5727f2583acd2414000df088": "primary character, a rogue Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey", "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "Gallifrey", "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "chameleon circuit", "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": "Gallifrey", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "companions", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "Cybermen", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": "Time Lord", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "humans", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": "Master", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": "Daleks", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": "eponymous aliens", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": "Newman and Wilson it was immediately rejected as the programme was not permitted to contain any \"bug-eyed monsters", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": "Daleks the aggressors", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": "25 minutes of transmission length", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": "BBC 1", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": "Jonathan Powell", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": "BBC 1", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": "Jonathan Powell", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": "BBC 1", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": "Philip Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": "Philip Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": "26th series was still in production. Segal's negotiations eventually led to a Doctor Who television film", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": "9.1 million viewers), it was less so in the United States", "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": "26th series was still in production. Segal's negotiations eventually led to a Doctor Who television film, broadcast on the Fox Network", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": "BBC One on 26 March 2005", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": "BBC One on 26 March 2005", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": "2006\u20132008 and 2010\u20132015, and Christmas Day specials every year since 2005. No full series was filmed in 2009", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": "Steven Moffat", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": "Christmas Day specials", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "1996 telefilm", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": "1963\u20131989", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[note 2] and the 1996 telefilm", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "most other series relaunches", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": "1996 telefilm", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": "30 November 1963", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": "BBC", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": "ten minutes", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": "November 1963", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": "eighty seconds. The BBC believed that many viewers had missed this introduction to a new series due to the coverage of the assassination", "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "1991 the Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa", "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa", "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa", "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "scariest TV show", "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "Digital Spy", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": "drama programmes the corporation produced at the time", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": "family viewing", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": "Philip Howard", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": "London", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": "journalist", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": "TARDIS", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": "TARDIS", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": "1996", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": "merchandising associated with Doctor Who. In 1998, the Metropolitan Police Authority", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "2002", "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": "BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": "6 December 1989", "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": "12 episodes", "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": "26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": "6 December 1989", "572801823acd2414000df1fb": "45-minute, self-contained episodes", "572801823acd2414000df1fc": "Christmas Day", "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "Christmas Day", "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "Eleventh Hour", "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "hour in length", "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "826 Doctor Who instalments", "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "25-minute episodes", "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "1963", "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "25-minute episodes", "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "1080i", "572803493acd2414000df229": "William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", "572803493acd2414000df22a": "79 episodes are missing). In 1972", "572803493acd2414000df22b": "most notably seasons 3, 4, & 5", "572803493acd2414000df22c": "\"spare\" film copies", "572803493acd2414000df22d": "3, 4, & 5", "572804522ca10214002d9b94": "private individuals", "572804522ca10214002d9b95": "fans", "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "Marco Polo", "572804522ca10214002d9b96": "cine film", "572804522ca10214002d9b98": "home viewers", "572805363acd2414000df26d": "VHS, on MP3 CD-ROM, and as special features on DVD", "572805363acd2414000df26e": "Cosgrove Hall", "572805363acd2414000df26f": "November 2006", "572805363acd2414000df270": "Sigma", "572805363acd2414000df271": "VHS, on MP3 CD-ROM", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "regeneration", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": "Doctor", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "main character. This was first prompted by original star William Hartnell's poor health", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "Doctor", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "Doctor", "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "12 times", "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "regenerate 12 times", "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "the Twelfth Doctor", "572808bf4b864d190016429d": "1996 TV film would later establish that a Time Lord", "572808bf4b864d190016429e": "12 times", "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": "John Hurt guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor", "572809ab4b864d19001642af": "War Doctor", "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": "Michael Jayston", "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": "1986 serial The Trial of a Time Lord", "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": "War Doctor", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": "unknown incarnation of himself, whom he refers to as \"his secret\" and who is subsequently revealed to be the War Doctor", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": "1973", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": "Fourth Doctor encounters and interacts with the future incarnation of himself (the 'Watcher') in the story Logopolis", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": "future incarnation of himself (the 'Watcher') in the story Logopolis", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": "future incarnation of himself (the 'Watcher') in the story Logopolis", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": "1999 audio adventure The Sirens of Time", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": "Zagreus", "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": "audio drama", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": "audio adventure Project: Lazarus. In 2010", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": "Zagreus", "57280e323acd2414000df349": "prophesied \"Fall of the Eleventh", "57280e323acd2414000df34a": "1976)", "57280e323acd2414000df34b": "Mawdryn Undead (1983), the Fifth Doctor explicitly confirmed that he was then currently in his fifth incarnation", "57280e323acd2414000df34c": "Fifth Doctor explicitly confirmed that he was then currently in his fifth incarnation", "57280e323acd2414000df34d": "Five Doctors", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "Unearthly Child, shows that the Doctor has a granddaughter, Susan Foreman", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": "Susan Foreman", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "Ninth Doctor thought he was the last surviving Time Lord", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "Ninth Doctor thought he was the last surviving Time Lord", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "Smith and Jones\" (2007", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "humanoid aliens", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": "Doctor travels alone is The Deadly Assassin", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "Deadly Assassin", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "moral duty", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "Romana", "572811434b864d190016438c": "2005 revival", "572811434b864d190016438d": "Doctors", "572811434b864d190016438e": "Amy Pond", "572811434b864d190016438f": "Pearl", "572811434b864d1900164390": "Doctor", "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": "Russell T Davies", "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": "Cybermen", "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": "Cybermen", "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": "Cybermen", "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": "Zygons", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": "Daleks are Kaleds from the planet Skaro, mutated by the scientist Davros", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "Skaro", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "ros", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": "Davros", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": "eyestalk", "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "Time Lord", "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": "1971", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": "1989", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "1971", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "Roger Delgado", "572814882ca10214002d9d72": "Utopia\". During that story the role was then assumed by John Simm", "572814882ca10214002d9d73": "Utopia\". During that story the role was then assumed by John Simm", "572814882ca10214002d9d74": "Utopia\". During that story the role was then assumed by John Simm", "572814882ca10214002d9d75": "Utopia\". During that story the role was then assumed by John Simm", "572814882ca10214002d9d76": "John Simm", "572816213acd2414000df429": "Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42a": "Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42b": "Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42c": "1979\u201380", "572816213acd2414000df42d": "?", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": "Peter Howell for season 18 (1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn's arrangement", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "Ron Grainer's original theme for Doctor Who in 1996. For the return of the series in 2005, Murray Gold", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": "Seventh Doctor's era", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "Ron Grainer", "572817802ca10214002d9db4": "Christmas Invasion\", Gold introduced a modified closing credits arrangement", "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "Gold returned as composer", "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": "Classic FM's Hall of Fame", "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": "Gold returned as composer for the 2010 series. He was responsible for a new version of the theme", "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": "Gold returned as composer", "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "2007 Christmas special episode, \"Voyage of the Damned\"; Gold returned as composer", "572819864b864d190016447e": "Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d190016447f": "Third Doctor", "572819864b864d1900164480": "disco version of the theme was released in the UK, Denmark and Australia by the group Mankind, which reached number 24", "572819864b864d1900164481": "Third Doctor", "572819864b864d1900164482": "Third Doctor, recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme", "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "Dudley Simpson", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": "Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": "Dudley Simpson", "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": "first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": "15 years", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": "Murray Gold", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "first two series took place on 19 November 2006", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "27 July 2008", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "27 July 2008", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": "Murray Gold", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six soundtrack releases have been released since 2005. The first featured tracks from the first two series", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "first two series", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": "4 October 2010", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "December 2011", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": "November 2010", "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "Eleventh", "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "Twelfth Doctor", "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors", "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": "1973\u201380", "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "Eleventh", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "John F. Kennedy", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "BBC Three", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "late 1970s", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "circa 1964\u20131965", "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "BBC Three", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": "16 million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": "18 months", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": "16 million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": "soap opera Coronation Street", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": "16 million", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": "PBS stations", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": "TVNZ", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": "CITV", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": "15 days before the BBC One showing, and two", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": "November", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": "ABC", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": "partial funding for the 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors in 1983", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": "SyFy", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": "20th anniversary special The Five Doctors in 1983", "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": "ABC", "572825714b864d1900164590": "Three Doctors", "572825714b864d1900164591": "series 24 in 1991", "572825714b864d1900164592": "series again in 2005", "572825714b864d1900164593": "Three Doctors", "572825714b864d1900164594": "Judith Merril", "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": "Christopher Eccleston", "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": "excerpts from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary", "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": "26 December 2005", "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": "October", "572826762ca10214002d9f30": "CBC", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": "serials", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": "Betamax tape and Video 2000", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": "2005 series", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": "1970 story Spearhead from Space, released in July 2013", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "2005", "572828383acd2414000df5c3": "Trevor Martin", "572828383acd2414000df5c4": "Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker", "572828383acd2414000df5c5": "late 1960s", "572828383acd2414000df5c6": "Doctor", "572828383acd2414000df5c7": "David Banks (better known for playing Cybermen", "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": "Torchwood", "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": "BBC Three on 22 October 2006", "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": "three episodes", "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": "London", "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": "2011. The series was predominantly set in the United States", "57282f204b864d190016468a": "Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith", "57282f204b864d190016468b": "CBBC; a special aired on New Year's Day 2007 and a full series began on 24 September 2007", "57282f204b864d190016468c": "24 September 2007", "57282f204b864d190016468d": "Matt Smith", "57282f204b864d190016468e": "24 September 2007", "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": "charity", "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": "1993", "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": "EastEnders", "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": "Pulfrich", "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": "Pulfrich", "572831512ca10214002da04a": "VHS", "572831512ca10214002da04b": "television series", "572831512ca10214002da04c": "1999", "572831512ca10214002da04d": "1999", "572831512ca10214002da04e": "Steven Moffat", "572833662ca10214002da086": "popular culture and other science fiction", "572833662ca10214002da087": "Family Guy episodes \"Blue Harvest\" and \"420", "572833662ca10214002da088": "Queer as Folk (created by later Doctor Who executive producer Russell T. Davies", "572833662ca10214002da089": "Vince", "572833662ca10214002da08a": "Brisingr and High Wizardry", "572834524b864d1900164716": "LP record", "572834524b864d1900164717": "LP record", "572834524b864d1900164718": "Doctor Who and the Pescatons featuring the Fourth Doctor", "572834524b864d1900164719": "LP record", "572834524b864d190016471a": "Slipback", "572835854b864d190016472e": "Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD. The earliest of these featured the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors", "572835854b864d190016472f": "Big Finish Productions", "572835854b864d1900164730": "Big Finish Productions", "572835854b864d1900164731": "Big Finish Productions", "572835854b864d1900164732": "Tom Baker", "572836732ca10214002da0dc": "BBC Books", "572836732ca10214002da0dd": "BBC Books", "572836732ca10214002da0de": "newsstand circulation has been published regularly since 1979. This is published by Panini", "572836732ca10214002da0df": "Panini", "572836732ca10214002da0e0": "BBC Books", "572837402ca10214002da0f4": "BBC Television", "572837402ca10214002da0f5": "BBC Television", "572837402ca10214002da0f6": "producers", "572837402ca10214002da0f7": "BBC", "572838323acd2414000df737": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df738": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df739": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df73a": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df73b": "BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor", "57283a392ca10214002da118": "Guinness World Records as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world", "57283a392ca10214002da119": "50th anniversary special", "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody", "57283a392ca10214002da11b": "Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody", "57283a392ca10214002da11c": "50th anniversary special", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": "Season 11 of the series won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": "TV60", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": "100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "SFX magazine", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "Channel 4 countdown in 2001", "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": "BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series", "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": "Best Drama Series", "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": "five BAFTA TV Awards, including Best Drama Series", "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": "Top Gear", "57283ce72ca10214002da150": "Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice. The episode \"Vincent and the Doctor", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": "six times", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": "over 200 awards", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": "over 200 awards", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "Doctor Who star Matt Smith", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "Best Dramatic Presentation", "57283e652ca10214002da166": "comedians including Spike Milligan", "57283e652ca10214002da167": "Jon Culshaw", "57283e652ca10214002da168": "comedians including Spike Milligan (a Dalek invades his bathroom \u2014 Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge", "57283e652ca10214002da16a": "comedians including Spike Milligan", "57283e652ca10214002da169": "Jon Culshaw", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "UChicago, Chicago, or U of C) is a private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "UChicago", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "UChicago, Chicago, or U of C) is a private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "professional schools", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "UChicago", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "academic disciplines", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "Stagg Field", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "Chicago Press", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "Obama Foundation", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "Harper", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "Marshall Field", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Marshall Field", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. Hutchinson", "572843304b864d1900164848": "Chicago", "572843304b864d1900164849": "1896", "572843304b864d190016484a": "University of Chicago", "572843304b864d190016484b": "professors", "572843304b864d190016484c": "1896", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "Common Core", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "24-year tenure. Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "Hutchins", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "Hyde Park neighborhood", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "Hyde Park neighborhood", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "Chicago", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "Hyde Park", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "Shimer College", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "student unrest", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "off-campus rental policies", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "university committee", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "Kalven Report", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "Kalven Report", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "2008", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "Milton Friedman Institute which attracted both support and controversy from faculty members and students. The institute will cost around $200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute which attracted both support and controversy from faculty members and students", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "Chicago", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "300 million", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Chicago campus, which make up what is now known as the Main Quadrangles", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Cobb", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen Tower", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Hall", "57284d484b864d1900164900": "Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles. In 1955", "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", "57284d484b864d1900164902": "Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164903": "Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "Max Palevsky Residential Commons (2001", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "Singapore, London", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "left bank of the Seine in Paris, hosts various undergraduate and graduate study programs. In fall 2010", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "Haidian District", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Haidian District", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "board of trustees", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50 members including the university President", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "Provost", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Robert Zimmer", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Eric Isaacs", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "Higher Learning Commission", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "Chicago consist of the College, four divisions of graduate research", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "four divisions of graduate research", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "50 academic majors and 28 minors", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "academic majors and 28 minors", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "Biological Sciences", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "interdisciplinary majors and studies which do not fit in one of the other four divisions", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "Chicago", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "Chicago were limited to 17 students, and are generally led by a full-time professor", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "most rigorous", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Chicago", "572855973acd2414000df925": "Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df927": "four", "572855973acd2414000df928": "Chicago", "572855973acd2414000df929": "learning disabilities", "572856beff5b5019007da190": "six libraries that contain a total of 9.8 million volumes", "572856beff5b5019007da191": "six libraries that contain a total of 9.8 million volumes", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "built in 2011", "572856beff5b5019007da194": "more than 1.3 million volumes in the biological, medical and physical sciences", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "research centers on campus", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "12 research institutes", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Oriental Institute", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "Sunspot", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "shaping ideas about the free market", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1 (the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction, part of the Manhattan Project", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "Miller\u2013Urey experiment", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "2000", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "2000", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "2002", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "2002", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several", "572863363acd2414000df985": "Chicago enrolled 5,792 students in the College, 3,468 students in its four graduate divisions", "572863363acd2414000df986": "professional schools", "572863363acd2414000df987": "3,468 students in its four graduate divisions", "572863363acd2414000df988": "3,468 students in its four graduate divisions", "572863363acd2414000df989": "15,244 students overall. In the 2012 Spring Quarter, international students", "572864542ca10214002da2de": "UAA", "572864542ca10214002da2df": "NCAA's Division III", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "1946", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "RSOs", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "RSOs", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "Chicago College Bowl Team", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "RSOs", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe Off-Off Campus", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "Student Government is made up of graduate and undergraduate students elected to represent members from their respective academic unit", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "Student Government", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "Government", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "Chicago Student Government", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "Chicago", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "Chicago", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Chicago, as well as one co-ed community service fraternity, Alpha Phi Omega", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four of the sororities are members of the National Panhellenic Conference", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "Chicago", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "Chicago", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "FOTA) takes over campus for 7\u201310 days of exhibitions and interactive artistic endeavors. Every January", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "FOTA) takes over campus for 7\u201310 days of exhibitions and interactive artistic endeavors. Every January", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Micro", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "founder", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "MF Global CEO", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "author", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "advisor", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "k", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Masaaki Shirakawa", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "ss", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "American Mind", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "literary critic", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "American Mind", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Saul Bellow", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "man", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Alex Seropian", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo video game series Alex Seropian, Serial host Sarah Koenig", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Carl Van Vechten", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Carl Van Vechten", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "M", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "M. Grunsfeld", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "lead-lead dating", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Mi", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "George Stigler, Nobel laureate", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "Johanson", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "scholar", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "calculator", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "H. Compton", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Fermi", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Edward Teller", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "faculty", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Calder\u00f3n", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "a", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Nobel Prize winner", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Janet Rowley", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Raghuram Rajan", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Goldman Sachs Chairman and CEO Hank Paulson", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": ".", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Yu\u00e1n Ch\u00e1o", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "1271", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "1271", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "Ming dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Ming dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan on the imperial records as the official founder of the dynasty as Taizu", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "Great Khans before the actual establishment of the Yuan dynasty", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "1271", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "China", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Great Mongol State", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Great Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1251", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "1206", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "Jin. Two Han Chinese leaders, Shi Tianze", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Jin", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Shi Tianze", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "Khitan Tumens", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "10,000 troops", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "mother", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Mongol forces", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "\u79c9\u76f4", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Chang Jou", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "southern China. The Mongol force that invaded southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "Chinese Song dynasty in southern China. The Mongol force that invaded southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "1260 when he learned that his brother, Ariq B\u00f6ke", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongtong", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "1259", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "1259", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "1259", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "Han Chinese", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "Confucian imperial examinations", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "1262 was a compromise between preserving Mongol interests in China", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "sage emperor by following the rituals of Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "Pax Mongolica", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "Daidu", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "southern China to Daidu", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Yuan China", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "southern", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "1234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture the rich Yangzi River basin", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "1268 and 1273", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1279", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "1281 failed because of an inauspicious typhoon", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "1282", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Mongol invasion", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "Mongol invasion", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "Zhenjin", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Emperor Chengzong", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "Tem\u00fcr Khan, or Emperor Chengzong", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "Kublai", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Buyantu Khan (Ayurbarwada", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "Buyantu Khan (Ayurbarwada", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "Chinese: \u5927\u5143\u901a\u5236", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five princes from a rival faction, perhaps steppe elite opposed to Confucian reforms", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "Ragibagh", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "War of the Two Capitals", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "Shangdu", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Ragibagh", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "cultural contribution instead. He adopted many measures honoring Confucianism", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "El Tem\u00fcr", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "El Tem\u00fcr", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Jingshi Dadian", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "El Tem\u00fcr", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "Huizong", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "Emperor Huizong", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "1345", "572872822ca10214002da374": "rivalries", "572872822ca10214002da375": "Y", "572872822ca10214002da376": "rivalries", "572872822ca10214002da377": "populace", "572872822ca10214002da378": "rivalries", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "1340s onwards, people in the countryside", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "1354", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "1354", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "1354, when Toghtogha led a large army", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368\u20131644", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "China and much of central Asia promoted trade between East and West", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "dynasty", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "cotton", "572879574b864d1900164a14": "government", "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Taoism endured certain persecutions in favor of Buddhism from the Yuan government", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Yuan government", "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian governmental practices and examinations based on the Classics", "572879574b864d1900164a18": "travel literature", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "Cambaluc,\" the capital of the Great Khan", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Marco Polo), appeared about the year 1299", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "1299", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "1299", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "China", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "Eternal Heaven", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "China, but rather as a period of foreign domination", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "empire", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "China", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "traditional Chinese tripartite division of authority among civil, military, and censorial offices", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "central and local government institutions", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "Privy Council", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "Six Ministries", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Six Ministries", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "Privy Council", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "Mongolian, Tibetan", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "Chinese", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tugh Temur", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "1269, the 'Phags-pa script", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "Kublai", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "Mongols", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "Yuan dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "qu", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "Yuan dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Yuan dynasty are linked together. In the area of Chinese painting during the Yuan dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "qu form of poetry and the zaju variety show", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "qu", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Khanbaliq", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249\u20131314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249\u20131314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "1249\u20131314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "Yuan era", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "calendars", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "calendars", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "Shoushi Li", "572881022ca10214002da416": "Mongol shamans", "572881022ca10214002da417": "Mongols characterized otachi doctors", "572881022ca10214002da418": "herbal remedies", "572881022ca10214002da419": "medical treatises", "572881022ca10214002da41a": "Confucian scholars", "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty", "572881704b864d1900164a51": "Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "Mongols", "572881704b864d1900164a53": "Mongols", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277\u20131347", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "1263 during the reign of Kublai", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "humoral system contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine", "572882242ca10214002da420": "Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries", "572882242ca10214002da421": "earthenware movable type", "572882242ca10214002da422": "earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century", "572882242ca10214002da423": "1273", "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273, the Mongols", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "chao, the paper money of the Yuan. Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "Yuan. Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees. The Yuan government used woodblocks", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "woodblocks", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "chao, the paper money of the Yuan. Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "bronze plates in 1275", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "Mongols", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "dynasty", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "Ilkhanate", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Han Chinese", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "China", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Khitans from China", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "Chinese", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "ai", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "Emperors", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "Halal slaughter", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "barracks\" and could also mean \"thanks\"", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "Yuan dynasty", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "social classes", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "social classes", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "social classes", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "this era", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "Uighurs", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler, who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "Uighur King of Qocho", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler, who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "Central Region, consisting of present-day Hebei, Shandong", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "directly governed by the Central Secretariat", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Zhongshu Sheng) at Khanbaliq", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Zhongshu Sheng) at Khanbaliq (modern Beijing", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng) at Khanbaliq", "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": "Republic", "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": "EAC", "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": "Nairobi", "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": "Kenya", "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": "45 million people", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": "Nyanza region", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": "Nairobi", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Mount Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "Nyanza", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": "Nyanza region", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": "Kenya is a part of, has been inhabited by humans since the Lower Paleolithic period", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": "West-Central Africa", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": "Nilotic", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": "December 1963", "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": "Kenya. The origin of the name Kenya", "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "Kikuyu", "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "Embu and Kamba words Kirinyaga, Kirenyaa and Kiinyaa", "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": "Kenia and Kegnia", "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "Kenia and Kegnia", "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": "Joseph Thompsons", "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": "Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "Masai Mara", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": "Masai Mara", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "Masai Mara", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "wildebeest", "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "Two million wildebeest migrate a distance of 2,900 kilometres", "5728fa576aef051400154920": "more than 20 million years ago", "5728fa576aef051400154921": "erectus", "5728fa576aef051400154922": "1.6-million-year-old fossil belonging to Homo erectus", "5728fa576aef051400154923": "Homo erectus", "5728fa576aef051400154924": "Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": "Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "Portuguese voyager Duarte Barbosa", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": "Malindi", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": "Malindi", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": "14th century and once rivalled Mombasa", "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": "August 1914", "5729024f1d04691400778f60": "British East Africa (as the Protectorate was generally known) and German East Africa", "5729024f1d04691400778f61": "Lettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f62": "Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f63": "Zambia", "572903d96aef0514001549a4": "1950s", "572903d96aef0514001549a5": "80,000 white settlers living in Kenya in the 1950s", "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "settlers banned the growing of coffee, introduced a hut tax", "572903d96aef0514001549a7": "Kenya", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote (aka General China", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "24 April 1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "April 1954, after weeks of planning by the army with the approval of the War Council", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": "15 January 1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "Swynnerton Plan", "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "Legislative Council", "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": "1957", "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "12 December 1963", "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "United Kingdom", "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "12 December 1964", "572909406aef0514001549dc": "queuing) system, where voters were supposed to line up behind their favoured candidates instead of a secret ballot", "572909406aef0514001549dd": "queuing) system, where voters were supposed to line up behind their favoured candidates instead of a secret ballot", "572909406aef0514001549de": "Daniel arap Moi", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": "President", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": "President", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": "Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "Executive power is exercised by the government", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "Judiciary", "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": "CPI", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": "CPI", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "CPI", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "CPI", "57290d811d04691400778fcf": "ODM", "57290d811d04691400778fd0": "ODM", "57290d811d04691400778fd1": "complicity", "57290d811d04691400778fd2": "recount", "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": "civil society organisations", "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya started peace meetings", "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": "Kenya", "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": "civil society organisations", "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": "Kibaki and Odinga", "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": "Kenya's second Prime Minister", "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": "PNU and ODM camps", "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": "PNU and ODM camps", "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": "Kibaki and Odinga", "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "grand coalition", "57290f963f37b31900477fec": "grand coalition", "57290f963f37b31900477fed": "29 February 2008", "57290f963f37b31900477fee": "PNU and ODM", "57290f963f37b31900477fef": "grand coalition", "572913626aef051400154a30": "4 August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a31": "August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a32": "August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a33": "August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a34": "4 August 2010", "572914441d04691400779025": "December 2014", "572914441d04691400779026": "Security Laws Amendment Bill", "572914441d04691400779027": "Opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries", "572914441d04691400779028": "Security Laws Amendment Bill, which supporters of the law suggested was necessary to guard against armed groups", "572914441d04691400779029": "19 December in the National Assembly", "572914f46aef051400154a46": "Kenyatta", "572914f46aef051400154a47": "Kenyatta", "572914f46aef051400154a48": "China", "572914f46aef051400154a49": "American president", "572915621d0469140077902f": "peacekeeping missions", "572915621d04691400779030": "December 2007", "572915621d04691400779031": "Waki Commission", "572915e43f37b31900478005": "armed forces", "572915e43f37b31900478006": "public scrutiny and notoriety", "572915e43f37b31900478007": "2010", "572915e43f37b31900478008": "corruption allegations. Because the operations of the armed forces have been traditionally cloaked by the ubiquitous blanket of \u201cstate security\u201d, the corruption", "572916f16aef051400154a56": "0.519", "572916f16aef051400154a57": "Kenya", "572916f16aef051400154a58": "less than $1.25 a day", "572916f16aef051400154a59": "frontier market", "572917743f37b3190047800d": "telecommunication and financial activity over the last decade", "572917743f37b3190047800f": "service sector", "572917743f37b31900478010": "16% of GDP", "572917743f37b3190047800e": "22% of GDP still comes from the unreliable agricultural sector", "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "GDP", "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": "GDP", "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism. The tourism sector has exhibited steady growth in most years since independence and by the late 1980s", "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "61% of GDP", "572917ff6aef051400154a61": "Germany and the United Kingdom", "572918bd3f37b31900478016": "GDP), after the service sector", "572918bd3f37b31900478017": "horticultural produce", "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "gross domestic product (GDP), after the service sector", "572918bd3f37b31900478018": "sharp weather-related fluctuations. Production downturns periodically necessitate food aid", "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "ICRISAT", "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "pigeon pea varieties, instead of maize", "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "local seed production", "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "Nairobi and Mombasa", "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "Nairobi and Mombasa", "57291b461d04691400779049": "Africa", "57291b461d0469140077904a": "Coconuts, pineapples", "57291b461d0469140077904b": "semi-arid savanna", "57291b461d0469140077904c": "53% of the population lives below the poverty line", "57291b461d0469140077904d": "Kenyans for Kenya initiative by the Red Cross", "57291beb1d04691400779053": "Kenya", "57291beb1d04691400779054": "Kenya", "57291beb1d04691400779055": "Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu", "57291beb1d04691400779056": "household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements", "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "AGOA", "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "2000", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "Uganda", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "upper Tana River", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": "KenGen", "57291f153f37b31900478043": "Tullow Oil estimates Kenya's oil reserves to be around 10 billion barrels", "57291f153f37b31900478044": "Tullow Oil estimates Kenya's oil reserves to be around 10 billion barrels", "57291f153f37b31900478045": "10 billion barrels", "57291f153f37b31900478046": "20% to 25%", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": "474 million", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": "Chinese investment in Kenya ... reached $474 million", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": "Kenyatta was \"[a]ccompanied by 60 Kenyan business people", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": "China", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": "railway project", "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": "2030", "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": "economic development programme it hopes will put the country in the same league as the Asian Economic Tigers by the year 2030. In 2013", "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": "Vision 2030", "57292046af94a219006aa0be": "economic development programme it hopes will put the country in the same league as the Asian Economic Tigers by the year 2030", "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": "climate change", "572920d73f37b31900478055": "active in agriculture", "572920d73f37b31900478056": "Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution", "572920d73f37b31900478057": "Kenya", "572920d73f37b31900478058": "129", "572921646aef051400154a78": "English and Swahili", "572921646aef051400154a79": "Swahili", "572921646aef051400154a7a": "Swahili", "572921646aef051400154a7b": "the country", "572922206aef051400154a8a": "Protestant", "572922206aef051400154a8b": "621,200 of Kenyans are Orthodox Christians", "572922206aef051400154a8c": "Kenya", "572922206aef051400154a8d": "Nairobi", "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": "10%", "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "50%", "57292449af94a219006aa0df": "Christian", "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "Kenya", "572924b53f37b31900478067": "clinical officers, medical officers and medical practitioners", "572924b53f37b31900478068": "clinical officers, medical officers and medical practitioners", "572924b53f37b31900478069": "clinical officers", "572924b53f37b3190047806a": "8,600 clinical officers", "572925491d046914007790c3": "Kenyans live below the poverty level", "572925491d046914007790c4": "Preventable diseases like malaria", "572925491d046914007790c5": "Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition", "572925491d046914007790c6": "Preventable diseases like malaria", "572925491d046914007790c7": "Kenya", "572925a81d046914007790cd": "British colonists", "572925a81d046914007790ce": "Ominde Commission", "572925a81d046914007790cf": "Ominde Commission", "572925a81d046914007790d0": "12 December 1963", "572925a81d046914007790d1": "12 December 1963", "572926086aef051400154ac2": "Kenya", "572926086aef051400154ac3": "Kenya", "572926086aef051400154ac4": "Kenya", "572926086aef051400154ac5": "Kenyan Universities", "572926653f37b31900478079": "January 1985. It put more emphasis on vocational subjects", "572926653f37b3190047807a": "January 1985. It put more emphasis on vocational subjects", "572926653f37b3190047807b": "January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807c": "Kenya", "572926653f37b3190047807d": "primary education", "572926d23f37b31900478083": "six years", "572926d23f37b31900478084": "high school or secondary school", "572926d23f37b31900478085": "high school or secondary school", "572926d23f37b31900478086": "polytechnic", "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "85%", "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "three to five", "5729276c1d046914007790d9": "First Grade", "5729276c1d046914007790da": "Certificate", "5729276c1d046914007790db": "KCSE", "572927d06aef051400154ade": "Kenya National Library Service", "572927d06aef051400154adf": "KNLS is the body mandated to establish, equip, manage and maintain national and public libraries", "572927d06aef051400154ae0": "KNLS", "572927d06aef051400154ae1": "library", "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": "several sports, among them cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing", "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "dominance", "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "Kalenjin", "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "Kalenjin", "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "six gold, four silver and four bronze", "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "six gold, four silver and four bronze", "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "2008", "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "Kenyan athletics circles", "572928bf6aef051400154af4": "economic or financial factors", "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": "Africa", "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": "Cricket", "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": "1996. They upset some of the World's best teams and reached semi-finals of the 2003 tournament", "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": "Rakep Patel", "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": "FIFA which was lifted in March 2007.", "57292994af94a219006aa131": "Safari Rally", "57292994af94a219006aa132": "Kenya", "57292994af94a219006aa133": "world", "572929d56aef051400154b0a": "kiamsha kinywa", "572929d56aef051400154b0b": "chai ya saa nne) and 4 pm tea (chai ya saa kumi). Breakfast", "572929d56aef051400154b0c": "supper", "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "breakfast in the morning", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations", "57293b843f37b31900478134": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "UNFCCC", "57293b843f37b31900478137": "UNFCCC", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "October 8, 2015, following the election of the new IPCC Bureau", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "IPCC", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "October 8, 2015, following the election of the new IPCC Bureau", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "October 8, 2015, following the election of the new IPCC Bureau", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "Rajendra K. Pachauri in February 2015", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350 government officials and climate change experts", "57293c246aef051400154bba": "government representatives. Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "Plenary sessions", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "UNEP", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "UNEP", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "UNEP meets the cost of the Depute Secretary", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "WMO", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "UNEP meets the cost of the Depute Secretary", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "Lead authors of IPCC reports", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "peer-reviewed sources", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "peer-reviewed sources. Authors may refer to non-peer-reviewed sources", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "peer-reviewed sources. Authors may refer to non-peer-reviewed sources (the \"grey literature", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "lead authors\", and a somewhat larger number of \"contributing authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "lead authors\", ten to fifteen \"lead authors\", and a somewhat larger number of \"contributing authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "lead authors\", and a somewhat larger number of \"contributing authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "lead authors\", and a somewhat larger number of \"contributing authors\". The coordinating lead authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "lead authors\", and a somewhat larger number of \"contributing authors", "57293e221d046914007791d5": "executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says they are certain that emissions", "57293e221d046914007791d6": "CO2 has been responsible for over half the enhanced greenhouse effect", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "CO2 has been responsible for over half the enhanced greenhouse effect", "57293e221d046914007791d8": "CO2", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C over the last 100 years", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "Australian Academy of Science", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "Australian Academy of Science", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "climate change", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "average global surface temperature projected to increase by between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C above 1990 levels by 2100", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "average global surface temperature projected to increase by between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C above 1990 levels by 2100", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "SPM) does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "SPM", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "SPM", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "climate assessment reports", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "IPCC", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "SREX", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "IPCC", "572940246aef051400154bec": "Data Distribution Centre", "572940246aef051400154bed": "assessment reports", "572940246aef051400154bee": "default emission factors", "572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive Council", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "2035", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "2035", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "WWF report", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "WWF report", "572941273f37b319004781ad": "chairman", "572941273f37b319004781ae": "Robert Watson has said \"The mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of making it seem like climate change", "572941273f37b319004781af": "Martin Parry, a climate expert", "572941273f37b319004781b0": "Martin Parry", "572941273f37b319004781b1": "IPCC", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "IPCC report", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 and Briffa 2000", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "2007", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "2000", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "contrarians", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "18 July 2000", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce wrote joint letters with Ed Whitfield", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Mann, Bradley and Hughes", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "climate research", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Hughes. Sherwood Boehlert", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "intimidating scientists", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "AR4", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "AR4", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "additional data and covered a wider area, using a variety of statistical methods. The section discussed the divergence", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "2006", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "sea level change", "572945b11d04691400779230": "IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change with observations", "572945b11d04691400779231": "IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", "572945b11d04691400779232": "IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", "572949306aef051400154c68": "IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels", "572949306aef051400154c69": "published in 2001", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "IPCC", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "IPCC", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "IPCC", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Fifth Assessment Report conceded in Science Magazine", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "IPCC", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "Montreal Protocol", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "Montreal Protocol", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "lockstep situation of the IPCC is having built a broad science consensus while states and governments", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "ozone depletion case", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "IPCC conclusions", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge was based as well on successfully reducing regional burden sharing conflicts", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "climate change", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "independently documented results from other scientific bodies", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "submissions prior to the report's final release", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "IPCC", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "climate scientists", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "climate scientists", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "climate scientists", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "five climate scientists", "572953013f37b3190047824d": "photosynthesis", "572953013f37b3190047824e": "NADPH", "572953013f37b3190047824f": "NADPH while freeing oxygen from water", "572953013f37b31900478250": "Calvin cycle", "572953013f37b31900478251": "Arabidopsis", "5729544c3f37b31900478257": "mitochondria", "5729544c3f37b31900478258": "mitochondria", "5729544c3f37b31900478259": "DNA", "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": "mitochondria", "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": "mitochondria", "572956c86aef051400154d1a": "Mitochondria", "572956c86aef051400154d1b": "Russian biologist", "572956c86aef051400154d1c": "Russian biologist", "572956c86aef051400154d1d": "Russian biologist", "572956c86aef051400154d1e": "cyanobacteria", "572957361d046914007792cf": "blue-green algae", "572957361d046914007792d0": "blue-green algae", "572957361d046914007792d2": "photosynthesis", "572957361d046914007792d3": "peptidoglycan", "572957361d046914007792d1": "chloroplasts", "572957ad1d046914007792d9": "eukaryotic cell, either as food or as an internal parasite", "572957ad1d046914007792da": "eukaryotic cell", "572957ad1d046914007792db": "two innermost lipid-bilayer membranes", "572957ad1d046914007792dc": "phagosomal membrane", "572957ad1d046914007792dd": "cyanobacterium", "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "chloroplast", "5729582b1d046914007792e4": "three", "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "glaucophyte chloroplast lineage, the rhodophyte, or red algal chloroplast lineage", "5729582b1d046914007792e6": "chloroplast lineage", "5729582b1d046914007792e7": "green chloroplast lineage", "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "13 species", "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": "glaucophyte", "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "glaucophyte chloroplasts", "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "carboxysome", "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": "thylakoids", "57295a116aef051400154d44": "chlorophyll a and phycobilins", "57295a116aef051400154d45": "chlorophyll a", "57295a116aef051400154d46": "water", "57295a116aef051400154d47": "red alga", "57295a116aef051400154d48": "starch", "57295b5b1d04691400779315": "glaucophyte", "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "accessory pigments that override the chlorophylls' green colors", "57295b5b1d04691400779317": "green", "57295b5b1d04691400779318": "chloroplast division", "57295b5b1d04691400779319": "chlorophyll b", "572961f61d04691400779359": "cyanobacterial ancestor", "572961f61d0469140077935a": "cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary chloroplasts have additional membranes outside of the original two", "572961f61d0469140077935b": "secondary endosymbiotic event", "572961f61d0469140077935c": "cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary chloroplasts have additional membranes outside of the original two", "572961f61d0469140077935d": "chloroplast", "572962953f37b319004782f5": "three membranes", "572962953f37b319004782f6": "flagellated", "572962953f37b319004782f7": "chloroplasts", "572962953f37b319004782f8": "Starch", "572962953f37b319004782f9": "membranes", "572963221d04691400779385": "cryptomonads", "572963221d04691400779386": "cryptomonads are a group of algae", "572963221d04691400779387": "nucleomorph", "572963221d04691400779388": "ordinary starch, which is stored in granules", "572963221d04691400779389": "two", "572963876aef051400154dd2": "helicosproidia", "572963876aef051400154dd3": "chromalveolates. Like the helicosproidia", "572963876aef051400154dd4": "malaria parasite", "572963876aef051400154dd5": "ium", "572963876aef051400154dd6": "amylopectin starch granules", "5729645b3f37b31900478321": "fatty acids", "5729645b3f37b31900478322": "apicomplexan-related diseases", "5729645b3f37b31900478323": "isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", "5729645b3f37b31900478324": "Plant", "5729645b3f37b31900478325": "four", "572965566aef051400154e00": "Peridinin", "572965566aef051400154e01": "Peridinin", "572965566aef051400154e02": "triplet", "572965566aef051400154e03": "2", "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "Karenia", "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "Karlodinium", "572965e73f37b3190047832d": "membranes", "572965e73f37b3190047832e": "membranes", "572966626aef051400154e13": "cryptophyte", "572966626aef051400154e14": "kleptoplast", "572966626aef051400154e12": "kleptoplast", "572966626aef051400154e15": "kleptoplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": "he", "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "up to five", "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": "five membranes", "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": "food\u2014its starch is found in granules", "572967e31d046914007793b1": "dinophyte nucleus", "572967e31d046914007793b2": "Lepidodinium", "572967e31d046914007793b3": "dinophytes that lost their original peridinin chloroplast", "572967e31d046914007793b4": "dinophytes", "572967e31d046914007793b5": "dinophytes that lost their original peridinin chloroplast and replaced it with a green algal derived chloroplast", "5729686d1d046914007793c1": "11\u201314% from the chloroplast in plants", "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "chloroplasts", "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "850 protein encoding genes\u2014far less than the three million base pair Synechococcus genome", "5729686d1d046914007793c4": "around 850", "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "850 protein encoding genes\u2014far less than the three million base pair Synechococcus genome", "572968cf1d046914007793cb": "ctDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cc": "plastome", "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "liverwort and tobacco", "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "liverwort and tobacco", "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "liverwort and tobacco", "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": "few mutations", "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "mutations", "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "chloroplast genome", "572969f51d046914007793dd": "chloroplast replication via electron microscopy", "572969f51d046914007793de": "cpDNA", "572969f51d046914007793e0": "rolling circle mechanism", "572969f51d046914007793df": "double displacement loop", "572969f51d046914007793e1": "chloroplast DNA replicates using a double displacement loop", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": "\u2192 G deamination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": "single stranded", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": "homologous recombination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": "homologous recombination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": "circular chromosomes", "57296ab93f37b31900478369": "homologous recombination and replication structures similar to bacteriophage T4", "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": "homologous recombination", "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": "homologous recombination and replication structures similar to bacteriophage T4", "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": "homologous recombination and replication structures similar to bacteriophage T4", "57296b151d046914007793f1": "many chromalveolate lineages. Even if a chloroplast is eventually lost, the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus", "57296b151d046914007793f2": "green algal genes in the diatom nucleus", "57296b151d046914007793f3": "red algal derived chloroplast, the presence of many green algal genes in the diatom nucleus", "57296b151d046914007793f4": "red algal derived chloroplast", "57296bf96aef051400154e52": "secretory pathway", "57296bf96aef051400154e53": "secretory pathway", "57296bf96aef051400154e54": "secretory pathway", "57296bf96aef051400154e55": "secretory pathway", "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": "ribosome in the cytosol", "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "cytosol", "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": "phosphate group to many (but not all) of them in their transit sequences", "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "Phosphorylation helps many proteins bind the polypeptide", "57296cb21d04691400779403": "1\u20133 \u03bcm thick. Greater diversity in chloroplast shapes exists among the algae", "57296cb21d04691400779404": "chloroplasts are generally lens-shaped", "57296cb21d04691400779405": "chloroplasts are generally lens-shaped, 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", "57296cb21d04691400779406": "Oedogonium", "57296cb21d04691400779407": "Oedogonium", "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": "endosymbiotic cyanobacteria", "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": "chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane", "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": "homologous to the cyanobacterium's original double membranes", "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": "double membrane", "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": "mitochondrial double membrane. This is not a valid comparison\u2014the inner mitochondria membrane is used to run proton pumps", "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": "mitochondria", "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "mitochondrial double membrane", "57296d8d1d04691400779421": "the mitochondrial double membrane", "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "Stromules", "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "tubule", "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "roots", "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "tubule", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": "C4 plants, though it has also been found in some C3 angiosperms", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": "C4 plants", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": "vesicles", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": "plants", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": "thylakoids", "57296eb01d04691400779435": "ribosomes, which they use to synthesize a small fraction of their proteins", "57296eb01d04691400779436": "cytoplasmic ribosomes (around 17 nm vs 25 nm", "57296eb01d04691400779437": "Chloroplast ribosomes are about two-thirds the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes (around 17 nm vs 25 nm", "57296eb01d04691400779438": "Small subunit ribosomal RNAs", "57296eb01d04691400779439": "prokaryotes", "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "chloroplasts", "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": "plastoglobulus", "57296eee6aef051400154e90": "plastoglobulus", "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "plastoglobulus", "57296eee6aef051400154e92": "lipid monolayer", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "thylakoid", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": "thylakoid network", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": "thylakoid", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": "chloroplasts", "57296f85af94a219006aa403": "higher plants. Pyrenoids are roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies", "57296f85af94a219006aa404": "highly refractive bodies", "57296f85af94a219006aa405": "higher plants. Pyrenoids are roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies", "57296f85af94a219006aa406": "higher plants. Pyrenoids are roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies", "57296f85af94a219006aa407": "higher plants", "57296fd71d0469140077943f": "granal thylakoids", "57296fd71d04691400779440": "pancakes", "57296fd71d04691400779441": "thylakoids", "57296fd71d04691400779442": "thylakoids", "57296fd71d04691400779443": "lamellar thylakoids", "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": "carotenoids", "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": "chlorophyll", "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": "carotenoids", "5729703d3f37b319004783be": "light energy", "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "large protein complex", "572970916aef051400154eba": "grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebb": "stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebc": "grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebe": "stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebd": "stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "57297103af94a219006aa423": "photosystems", "57297103af94a219006aa424": "photosystems", "57297103af94a219006aa425": "chlorophyll green", "57297103af94a219006aa426": "orange", "57297103af94a219006aa427": "orange-red zeaxanthin", "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": "phycoerytherin", "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": "red algae red", "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": "red algae red", "5729714daf94a219006aa430": "thy", "5729714daf94a219006aa431": "thylakoid", "572971af6aef051400154ede": "rubisco", "572971af6aef051400154edf": "carbon dioxide and oxygen", "572971af6aef051400154ee0": "carbon dioxide and oxygen, so at high oxygen concentrations", "572971af6aef051400154ee1": "Calvin cycle", "572971af6aef051400154ee2": "carbon dioxide and oxygen", "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": "C4 mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialized for each stage of photosynthesis", "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": "bundle sheath cells are specialized for each stage of photosynthesis", "5729723c6aef051400154eea": "rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": "rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", "5729723c6aef051400154eec": "C4 mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialized for each stage of photosynthesis", "5729729a1d0469140077948b": "All green", "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "chloroplasts\u2014the chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948d": "parenchyma cells", "5729729a1d0469140077948e": "parenchyma cells", "5729729a1d0469140077948f": "chlorenchyma cell", "572972f46aef051400154ef2": "most plants, chloroplasts are concentrated in the leaves", "572972f46aef051400154ef3": "cacti", "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "mesophyll layers", "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "chloroplasts", "572972f46aef051400154ef5": "mesophyll", "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": "low-light conditions", "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": "aligning in vertical columns along the plant cell's cell wall", "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "vertical columns", "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts", "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "Mitochondria", "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": "hypersensitive response", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": "infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": "hypersensitive response", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": "photosynthetic system, producing reactive oxygen species", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "Chloroplasts", "57297427af94a219006aa453": "nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", "57297427af94a219006aa454": "salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", "57297427af94a219006aa455": "reactive oxygen species are unstable molecules", "57297427af94a219006aa456": "chloroplast", "572974923f37b3190047840b": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840c": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840d": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840e": "chloroplast", "572974923f37b3190047840f": "chloroplast", "572975073f37b31900478415": "hydrogen ion gradient", "572975073f37b31900478416": "thylakoid space", "572975073f37b31900478417": "stroma", "572975073f37b31900478418": "stroma", "572975073f37b31900478419": "chloroplasts", "572975511d046914007794a7": "photosystem I simply reenergizes depleted electrons at the end of an electron transport chain", "572975511d046914007794a8": "NADP+", "572975511d046914007794a9": "C4 plants", "572975511d046914007794aa": "C4 plants, which need more ATP than NADPH", "572975a3af94a219006aa465": "CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules", "572975a3af94a219006aa466": "Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules", "572975a3af94a219006aa467": "3-phosphoglyceric acid, or 3-PGA", "572975a3af94a219006aa468": "RuBP", "572976183f37b31900478431": "chloroplast", "572976183f37b31900478432": "thylakoids", "572976183f37b31900478433": "thylakoids", "572976183f37b31900478434": "chloroplasts", "572976183f37b31900478435": "photosynthesis rates", "572976791d046914007794af": "CO2 to RuBP", "572976791d046914007794b0": "Rubisco", "572976791d046914007794b1": "RuBP. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis", "572976791d046914007794b2": "RuBP", "572976791d046914007794b3": "pyrenoids", "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": "proplastid", "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": "methionine", "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": "proplastid", "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": "chloroplast is known to make the precursors to methionine", "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "two terms", "57297725af94a219006aa49c": "undifferentiated proplastids found in the zygote, or fertilized egg", "57297725af94a219006aa49d": "fertilized egg", "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "proplastids", "5729779b6aef051400154f62": "chloroplast formation", "5729779b6aef051400154f63": "Gymnosperms", "5729779b6aef051400154f64": "prolamellar body", "5729779b6aef051400154f65": "yellow chlorophyll precursor stocked. Within a few minutes", "5729779b6aef051400154f66": "Gymnosperms", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": "proplastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": "flowers", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": "chloroplasts", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "proplastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "meristematic state", "5729784b1d046914007794c9": "filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794ca": "filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cb": "Z-ring", "5729784b1d046914007794cc": "chloroplast's stroma", "5729784b1d046914007794cd": "chloroplast's stroma", "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": "inner plastid-dividing ring", "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": "inner plastid-dividing ring", "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": "5 nanometers across", "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "nanometers across", "5729789b6aef051400154f70": "chloroplasts", "572978e66aef051400154f76": "chloroplast division", "572978e66aef051400154f78": "bright white light", "572978e66aef051400154f79": "bright white light", "572978e66aef051400154f77": "poor quality green light, but are slow to complete division\u2014they require exposure to bright white light", "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": "genetically modified crops", "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": "plastid transformation", "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": "transplastomic plants at 3 in 1,000,000", "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": "chloroplasts have caught attention by developers of genetically modified crops", "57296d571d04691400779413": "composite number", "57296d571d04691400779414": "composite number", "57296d571d04691400779415": "integer greater than 1", "57296d571d04691400779416": "primes", "57296d571d04691400779417": "1", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "large numbers", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "large numbers", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "618 decimal digits", "572970c11d04691400779463": "composite numbers", "572970c11d04691400779464": "Euclid around 300 BC", "572970c11d04691400779465": "composite numbers. However, the distribution of primes", "572970c11d04691400779466": "inversely proportional to its number of digits", "572970c11d04691400779467": "end of the 19th century", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "Primes are used in several routines in information technology, such as public-key cryptography", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "number theory", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "12 = 3 \u00b7 4", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "12 = 3 \u00b7 4. No even number greater than 2 is prime because by definition, any such number n", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "prime numbers larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or 9", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "even numbers", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1 to be a number, so they could not consider it to be a prime", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "mathematicians", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "prime", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006,721", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "19th century many mathematicians still considered the number 1 to be a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "Eratosthenes", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "1 were considered a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "prime numbers", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "several properties", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "modified version of the sieve that considers 1 as prime would eliminate all multiples of 1", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind papyrus, for instance, have quite different forms for primes and for composites", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "prime numbers come from the Ancient Greeks", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "primes", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d7": "primes", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "Euler", "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "Euler). Fermat also conjectured that all numbers of the form 22n + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "2p \u2212 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "Euler", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "trial divisions need to be checked only for those m that are prime. For example, to check the primality of 37", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "square root of n", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "trial division", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "probabilistic", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "probabilistic", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic algorithm", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "trial division", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test, which relies on the fact", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "Carmichael numbers", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "Fermat primes and Mersenne primes, that is, prime numbers that are of the form 2p \u2212 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "Lucas\u2013Lehmer", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "p + 1 or p \u2212 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "factorial primes", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "10 million digits", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "$150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits and 1 billion digits", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "distributed computing", "572985011d04691400779501": "floor function", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779503": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779504": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1/6", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "infinitely many primes", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "arithmetic progressions", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "prime numbers", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "infinitely many primes can also be seen using the zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "1/4", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "prime numbers", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "algebraic number theory", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "Riemann hypothesis", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "\u22122", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "primes only comes from random noise", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "unproven Riemann hypothesis, dating from 1859", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic distribution of primes (about x/log x of numbers less than x are primes", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "Landau's problems from 1912 are still unsolved", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "update]", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "Chen's theorem", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Chen", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "twin prime conjecture). Polignac's conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "twin prime conjecture). Polignac", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "n2 + 1", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "Brocard", "57299326af94a219006aa515": "number theory in general, and the study of prime numbers", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "number theorists", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "prime numbers", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "pseudorandom", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "1/p is always a recurring decimal", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)! + 1 is divisible by p", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)! + 1 is divisible by p", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "1/p expressed likewise in base q (rather than base 10", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "RSA and 1024-bit primes", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "large prime numbers", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "cicadas", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "prime numbers", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "7, 13 or 17 years", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "Magicicada make use of prime numbers", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "2%", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "subfield", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "prime knots", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "prime", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "knot theory", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "irreducible elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "irreducible elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "irreducible elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "prime element if it is neither zero nor a unit", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "R is called prime element", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "unique factorization domains", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "Gaussian integers Z[i]", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "Gaussian integers Z[i]", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "unique factorization domains", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "4k + 3", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "Prime ideals", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime ideals", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "commutative algebra", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "primary ideals, which are the appropriate generalizations of prime powers", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "Noetherian commutative ring as an intersection of primary ideals, which are the appropriate generalizations of prime powers", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "quadratic number fields", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "quadratic reciprocity, a statement that concerns the solvability of quadratic equations", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "usual absolute value", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "arithmetic questions related to Q or more general global fields may be transferred back and forth to the completed (or local) fields", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "p-adic norm |\u2212|p yields the field of p-adic numbers", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "number theory", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "ametrical music", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "ametrical music through \"natural phenomena\". In works such as La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "Neumes rythmiques", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "natural phenomena", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": "German", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne, Germany", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "German", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "3", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "3", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "Gaulish name as *R\u012bnaz", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "1st century BC) as Greek \u1fec\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Rh\u0113nos), Latin Rhenus.[note 3", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "3", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "German Rhein", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "3", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "R\u012bnaz", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Rhijn", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "Rheinkilometer", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "1036.20 km). The river length", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "1036.20 km", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "Rhine-kilometers", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Rheinkilometer", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "Chur", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "Chur", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Sargans", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Liechtenstein and later Austria", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "Switzerland", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "local Alemannic dialect, the singular is pronounced \"Isel", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "sediments", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "two arms", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "local", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "Fu\u00dfach", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Fu\u00dfach", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "Fu\u00dfach", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "canalized Rhine into the lake", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "Fu\u00dfach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "Fu\u00dfach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "western Rhine Delta", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "Obersee", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "Obersee", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian border", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "Untersee", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "Obersee", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Obersee", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "Swiss-Austrian border", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "Vorarlberg", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "cold water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "\u00dcberlingen", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "Upper Lake", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "northern", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "Upper Lake", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "Rheinrinne", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "\u00dcberlingen", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "Seerhein", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "water level, this flow of the Rhine water", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "Hochrhein", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "Hochrhein", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "Hochrhein", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "4,274 m (14,022 ft) summit of Finsteraarhorn", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Switzerland", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "Hochrhein", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "4,274 m (14,022 ft) summit of Finsteraarhorn", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "Lake Constance with the exceptions of the canton of Schaffhausen", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "Upper Rhine Plain, which is about 300 km long and up to 40 km wide", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "Upper Rhine Plain, which is about 300 km long", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "High Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "High Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "High Rhine ends. Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Alsace", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "Plobsheim", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century. The rate of flow", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "Alsace", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "Moselle", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3/s", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "Rhine is the longest river in Germany", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "Moselle", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s) and an average width of 400 m (1,300 ft", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "300", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "Moselle", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "Rhine Gorge", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Rhine Gorge", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "erosion", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge, a formation which was created by erosion", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "Emscher", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "Ruhr, which joins the Rhine in Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Lower Rhine", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Rhine", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "Ruhr, which joins the Rhine in Duisburg", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Near Sankt Goarshausen", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Lorelei", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "Rhine-Ruhr region. One of the most important cities in this region is Duisburg", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "30 km downstream of Duisburg", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "Lippe", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in Germany", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "Germany", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisburg", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in Germany", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "Nieuwe Merwede", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "Waal", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "Waal", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "Oude Maas branches off, near Dordrecht", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "Ni", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "Nederrijn", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "Lek", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "Nederrijn", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "IJsselmeer", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "Nederrijn", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "Nederrijn", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "Lek", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Lek", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Roman times", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "Roman times", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "Katwijk", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine Delta", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Nederrijn at Angeren, and second near Arnhem", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "IJssel", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "IJssel", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Old Meuse", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "Rip", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "Elizabeth", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "Merwede", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "dammed\") and now serve as drainage channels for the numerous polders", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "arms", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "second half of the 20th Century fundamentally", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal currents", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Brakel and Zaltbommel", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic Period", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Mediterranean geography", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "Eurasian and African tectonic plates", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Italy, the Alps, and Anatolia", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "rift system to develop in this zone", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "Miocene", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Danube", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Pliocene period", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene period", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "approximately 600,000 years ago", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "approximately 600,000 years ago", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "North Sea", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "river", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "29,000\u201324,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "Netherlands", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "Irish Channel", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "North Sea", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "glacier", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "Atlantic Ocean", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "22,000", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "Alps", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "Europe", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "Rhine", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "transgression by the sea", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "last 7000 years", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "last 7000 years", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "Rhine-Meuse delta", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "8,000 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "peat mining", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "delta growth has sped up", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "sediment load", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "damming", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "approximately 80", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "6/9 of total discharge), the River Nederrijn \u2013 Lek", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "IJsselmeer", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "IJsselmeer", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam. The river IJssel", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "1st century BC in Roman-era geography", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Gallia and Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "late Hallstatt culture", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "1st century BC in Roman-era geography", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "upper Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "eastwards", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "upper Danube", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "Romans", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "Pannonian troops", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "Cologne", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "Rhine", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "Cologne", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "Rhine in the Migration period", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "Rhine in the Migration period, by the 5th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "medieval legend", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "Francia", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "Swabia", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lorraine", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "France and Germany", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "Napoleon", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1806 and lasted until 1814, during which time it served as a significant source of resources and military manpower for the First French Empire. In 1840", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "allies", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "Versailles", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Arnhem", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "Germany, by the Western Allies", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "it", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Europe", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "820 miles), presumably a typographical error", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "1,320 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "devolved legislature", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "Westminster", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "devolved' Parliament were made before 1914, but were shelved due to the outbreak of the First World War", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "directly elected Scottish Assembly", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "Scottish independence", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "devolved legislature", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "Scottish independence", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "United Kingdom Parliament", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6% in favour of a Scottish Assembly", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "Scottish devolution referendum", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "51.6%", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "Scottish Parliament", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "Scotland", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "the 1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "devolution", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "Edinburgh", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Spanish architect Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture firm RMJM", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "2004", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Elizabeth II", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "General Assembly", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "Holyrood", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "Holyrood", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "Glasgow", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Glasgow", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "Edinburgh", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "High Street and George IV Bridge in Edinburgh", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "principal committee room", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "MSP to serve as Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker (currently Tricia Marwick", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret ballot", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "Presiding Officer", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "Presiding Officer", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "Presiding Officer is responsible for ensuring that the Parliament functions effectively and has the staff, property and resources it requires to operate. Convening the Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "Convening the Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "Presiding Officer and one representative from each political parties with five or more seats in the Parliament", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "Presiding Officer", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131 seats, 129", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "131 seats, 129", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "131 seats, 129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2 are seats for the Scottish Law Officers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "July 1999", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "first words of the Scotland Act", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "glass case suspended from the lid", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "mid December, with two-week recesses", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "Wednesday afternoons from 2 pm to 6 pm", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "Plenary meetings in the debating chamber", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "booking", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "parliamentary debates", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesdays", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "four minutes, sharing a perspective on issues of faith", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs according to the Scottish census", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "parliamentary bureau", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "Deputy Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "political parties", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "party leaders open debates, with opening speakers given between 5 and 20 minutes", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic language", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "MSPs decide on all the motions and amendments that have been moved that day. This \"Decision Time", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "MSPs who are not in the chamber to return and vote", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "electronic consoles", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "political parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "whips", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "MSPs, known as whips", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "free votes", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "whips, with the task of ensuring that party members vote according to the party line", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Members Debate\" is held, which lasts for 45 minutes. Members Business", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "Scottish minister", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "Members Debate\" is held, which lasts for 45 minutes. Members Business", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "45 minutes. Members Business is a debate on a motion proposed by an MSP who is not a Scottish minister", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "all other participants", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "Scottish Parliament", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "backbenchers", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "Scottish Parliament is to take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "Tuesday", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Scottish Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "Mandatory Committees in the fourth Session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "fourth", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "Scottish Government", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Subject Committees in the fourth Session are: Economy, Energy and Tourism; Education and Culture", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "fourth Session", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "Scottish Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "Scottish Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "Private bills", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees have been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "legislative competence", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "19 November 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "devolved competencies", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "parliamentary sovereignty", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "matters", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "borrowing powers", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Scotland Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "Westminster", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "UK Government ministers", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "National Lottery", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as a private member", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "proposer", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "private bill can be submitted to Parliament by an outside proposer. Most draft laws", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "introductory stage of the bill", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "introductory stage of the bill, where the minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament together with its accompanying documents", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "Presiding Officer", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "introductory stage of the bill", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "general principles of the bill", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "consideration of amendments to the bill as a general debate", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "general debate", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "general debate", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "final bill", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "Scottish Parliament", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week period", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "enacting formula", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "Scotland", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "First Minister from a number of candidates at the beginning of each parliamentary term (after a general election", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "one month either way by the Monarch on the proposal of the Presiding Officer", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "1999", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "four years", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "First Minister", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "General Question Time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "12 p.m. where members can direct questions to any member of the Scottish Government. At 2.30pm", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "Scottish Government", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "Opposition leaders", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "supplementary questions", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "55,000 electors", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "Orkney and Shetland", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "MSP", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "Western Isles", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000 electors", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "seats", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "quotient", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "allocating the second seat. This is repeated iteratively", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "second seat", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "British Nationality Act 1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "House of Commons Disqualification", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "British Nationality Act 1981. Specifically, members must be over the age of 18", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "Scottish Parliament as elected MSPs", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "Scottish Parliament", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "Scottish Parliament", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Liberal Democrats", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "16 seats from Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "Conservatives", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "SNP", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands, the seat of former party leader David McLetchie, to the SNP", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "party", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "Cameron congratulated the SNP on their victory but vowed to campaign for the Union in the independence referendum", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "domestic legislation", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "UK House of Commons", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "2015 UK election", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "moral conservatism, literalism", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "literalism", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt \"to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "two poles", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "state power seized by revolution or invasion", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "Tunisian Ennahda Movement", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Palestine", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "Lebanon", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "Taliban, entirely reject democracy", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "Roy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "Roy has described Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "democratic, Islamists need democratic elections to maintain their legitimacy", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "political role for Islam", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "lam", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "error", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes, to the detriment of progressive moderates", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "religion from politics", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamism", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "explanation", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "non-political Islam, not Islamism", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "dangerous enemies", "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": "prestige, \"experience, ideology, and weapons", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "Western governments", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "prestige, \"experience, ideology, and weapons", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "peace with Israel", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "Sadat and Islamists", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "1975", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "Saudi-interpretation of Islam", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "Muslims", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "20th", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "Wahhabist interpretation of Islam", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation of Islam", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Muslim Brotherhood", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "social justice", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "neglectful governments", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "prohibitively costly dowry demands", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "Lahore in 1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "Oxford University press in 1934 in a book titled The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "nationalist differences", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "Muhammad", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "December 1930", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "profession of journalism", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "its leader until 1972", "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "risala", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Iranian Revolution", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "revolution", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "1928 by Hassan al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "Al Banna", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi three months earlier", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "several times, in 1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Nasser", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "Arab world", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "2011\u20132012, the political parties identified as \"Islamist", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates during elections", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Egypt", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "Israeli troops", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "Israeli troops", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic stagnation in the defeated countries", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "Arab socialism", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "Khomeini", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "complete imitation of the Prophet Mohammad and his successors such as Ali for restoration of Sharia law", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "Muslim lands was part of a long-term conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist groups", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "Iran in spite of US economic sanctions", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "United States", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Afghanistan", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "military effectiveness of these \"Afghan Arabs\" was marginal", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "Islamist movement", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining the many Islamist", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi monarchy", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "puppet of the west", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "prestige among these groups by repressing those domestic Islamists", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "American troops remained stationed in the kingdom", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "Osama bin Laden", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "Brotherhood", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "Brotherhood", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "Anwar Sadat", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "apostate\" leaders of Muslim states", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "M", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "over 100 Egyptian police", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "1990s", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "2003", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "quiescent", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS (\"zeal\"), devoted to Jihad against Israel", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "destruction of Israel", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "1987", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Palestine", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542 people", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "majority of the seats", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "foreign Islamist banking systems", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "minister of education", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "Nimeiry government", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden for a time", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "1989", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "1989", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "military coup d'\u00e9tat", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "tribal warlords", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "communist forces", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "tribal warlords", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80% of Afghanistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "Pakistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamist movements", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "Sharia", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Wahhabism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "Ali Bhutto, a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "symbols\" rather than substance", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "Iraq and the Levant\" and before that as the \"Islamic State of Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "Iraq and the Levant\" and before that as the \"Islamic State of Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "caliphate", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "al-Qaeda in 2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "Western forces", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "al-Qaeda in 2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "1999", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "true Islamic system", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "Kafir", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "democratic system", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "ideological struggle", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "elites", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "jihadi terrorists", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "over 900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "Islamist outlook", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "allowing them free rein", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "imam of the Finsbury Park Mosque", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism and jihadism. Christian Whiton", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "2001", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "U.S. Information Agency, which was charged with undermining the communist ideology", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "imperium", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "imperium", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "imperium", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "contemporary world", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "full-fledged colonial rule", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "diplomacy or military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "Informal imperialism", "57306797396df919000960ee": "imperialism", "57306797396df919000960ef": "full-fledged colonial rule", "57306797396df919000960f0": "major powers", "57306797396df919000960f2": "formal", "57306797396df919000960f1": "formal\" and \"informal\" imperialism, the first meaning physical control or \"full-fledged colonial rule", "573081c2069b531400832133": "empire", "573081c2069b531400832134": "world systems theory", "573081c2069b531400832135": "Lenin", "573081c2069b531400832136": "nations", "573081c2069b531400832137": "capitalism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "colonialism\", however many scholars have argued that each have their own distinct definition", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "colonialism is simply the development for settlement or commercial intentions", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Ottoman", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "colonialism have been used in order to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon a person or group of people", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "another", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "imperialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "Colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "colonialism", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "empire-building", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617b": "general grounds as: \"It is desirable that the earth should be peopled, governed, and developed, as far as possible, by the races", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "J. A. Hobson", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness", "573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216c": "Britain", "573088da069b53140083216d": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216e": "Friedrich Ratzel of Germany", "573088da069b53140083216f": "London", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "European guidance", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate zone", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "determinism", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "eighteenth century", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "Roman law", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography of the East. This imaginative geography relies on an essentializing discourse", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "early Western imperialism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "early Western imperialism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "essentializing discourse", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "early Western imperialism", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "blank space", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "French and British power into West Africa", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "Aztec Empire", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire, and of other war-lords", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "dozens", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "India", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Mutapa Empire", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "soft power", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "author", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "R", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture", "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands of years", "57309446396df919000961bb": "around 1700", "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "European imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "European imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "1919\u20131980", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "economic growth by collecting resources from colonies", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "mid-18th century", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "military technology. European chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat, and with innovations in machinery", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives that could be used in combat, and with innovations in machinery", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "European chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat, and with innovations in machinery they were able to manufacture improved firearms", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "Africa", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "European chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat, and with innovations in machinery they were able to manufacture improved firearms", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British experience", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "capitalism", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "systemic character of \"imperialism", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "time period", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "imperialism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "United States", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "Thorstein Veblen", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "disease of imperialism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "domestic social reforms", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "civilized", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "colonizing empires", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "climatic zones. These scholars believed that Northern Europe", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "European empire", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "colonizing empires", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096238": "British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such as the Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "Algeria", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "Algeria", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "Algeria", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "Germany", "5730a951069b531400832213": "lower races", "5730a951069b531400832214": "assimilation", "5730a951069b531400832215": "Britain", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity", "5730a951069b531400832217": "small numbers of settlers to its colonies, with the only notable exception of Algeria", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "Vietnam", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "France's colonies gained independence by 1960", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "classical antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096263": "classical antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096261": "middle period of classical antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096262": "Holy Roman Empire", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "amorphous area of central Europe", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "late 19th century", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862\u201390", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "Franco-German War", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe itself", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "German New Guinea", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "Taiwan", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "Taiwan", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thailand", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria from China", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "Soviet Union", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1923", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin", "5730b255396df919000962b3": "Soviet Union", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Imperialism", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "colonialism", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "India", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "highly successful policy of free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "Portuguese colonies about 1820", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British Empire", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "Social Darwinism and theories of race", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "Lord Cromer", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Africa", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "Americans", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "America", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "America", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "American general", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "geographer", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "President Wilson", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "Wilson's geographer", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "indigenous peoples", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "15", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "imperialism in the United States", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "vassal states", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "1299 to 1923. During the 16th and 17th centuries", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "bul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "colonial ambitions", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "bul", "5730982f396df919000961e2": "USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church", "5730982f396df919000961e3": "USA", "5730982f396df919000961e4": "USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church", "5730982f396df919000961e5": "USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church", "5730982f396df919000961e6": "Wesleyan", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": "United States", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": "80 million", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "mainline Protestant denomination", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "U.S population, or 9 million adult adherents", "57309921396df919000961f6": "England", "57309921396df919000961f7": "England", "57309921396df919000961f8": "Holy Club", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": "Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": "Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": "Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": "England", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": "American Revolution decisively separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": "fellow priest Thomas Coke as superintendent (bishop) to organize a separate Methodist Society", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": "Coke", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": "Methodist Episcopal Church", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": "1784", "57309adb396df919000961fc": "Methodist Church, located at the corner of 4th and New Streets", "57309adb396df919000961fd": "United States, beginning in 1769", "57309adb396df919000961fe": "Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961ff": "Methodist Church", "57309adb396df91900096200": "Anglican Church", "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Jones", "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": "Methodist Church", "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": "1784", "57309d31396df91900096210": "Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church", "57309d31396df91900096211": "Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church", "57309d31396df91900096212": "tensions over slavery", "57309d31396df91900096213": "tensions over slavery", "5730a97a396df9190009625a": "Evangelical United Brethren Church", "5730a97a396df9190009625b": "constituting General Conference", "5730a97a396df9190009625c": "United Methodist Church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "holy catholic (or universal) church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": "Book of Discipline", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "invisible", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": "John Wesley was compelled in 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": "Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat. Dr. Thomas Coke", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": "Thomas Vasey", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": "United Methodist Church in 1968", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": "John Wesley and Charles Wesley (Anglicans", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": "Albert C. Outler", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": "1968", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "Prevenient grace", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "Jesus Christ", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": "God", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": "Christ", "5730aeba069b531400832241": "Christ, through which God pardons the believer of sin", "5730aeba069b531400832242": "justifying grace cancels our guilt and empowers us to resist the power of sin and to fully love God and neighbor", "5730aeba069b531400832243": "conversion", "5730aeba069b531400832244": "John Wesley originally called this experience", "5730aeba069b531400832245": "New Birth", "5730afed069b53140083225f": "Christian Perfection", "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying Grace", "5730afed069b531400832261": "God", "5730afed069b531400832262": "Christian Perfection", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": "Arminian theology", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": "prima scriptura", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "catholic, evangelical, and reformed.\" Today, the UMC", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "United Methodist theology", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "Reproductive Choice", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "Reproductive Choice", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "Reproductive Choice's governing coalition, The General Board of Church and Society", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "all women", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": "mother", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": "United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality (TUMAS", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": "Reproductive Choice", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": "Abortion and Sexuality", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": "temperance movement", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": "Methodist Church", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": "John Wesley warned against the dangers of drinking in his famous sermon, \"The Use of Money", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": "unfermented grape juice", "5730b54c069b53140083228d": "social vengeance", "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "John 8:7", "5730b54c069b53140083228f": "Matthew 5:38-39", "5730b54c069b531400832290": "capital punishment", "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "Methodist Church prohibits the celebration of same-sex unions", "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": "defrocked", "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "same-sex marriage", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": "Connectional Table", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": "LGBT community within the UMC", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": "same-gender marriages", "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "Methodist minister Rose Mary Denman for openly living with a same-sex partner", "5730b776069b5314008322be": "clergy credentials", "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "UMC", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "conscription as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "Christians they are aware that neither the way of military action", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "conscription", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": "Christ's message and teachings", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "Christ's message and teachings. Therefore, the Church rejects war as an instrument of national foreign policy", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "disarmament", "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": "Sexual Ethics", "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "Sexual Ethics Task Force", "5730bdfe396df91900096310": "physiologically altered, as is their perspective, relationships with parishioners and family, and their perceptions of girls and women", "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "IVF", "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": "adult stem cells", "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": "embryos for the sake of research", "5730c059069b531400832305": "Sunday Service", "5730c059069b531400832306": "Sunday Service", "5730c059069b531400832307": "North America", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": "Africa", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": "Anglican tradition's Book of Common Prayer", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": "exorcism", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "e.g., \"St. James UMC", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": "Booth", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": "John Wesley", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "highest level is called the General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": "General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": "quadrennium", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": "five jurisdictions: Northeastern, Southeastern, North Central, South Central and Western", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": "jurisdictional and central conferences which also meet every four years", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": "four years", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": "four years", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": "Mission Council", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": "church bishops", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "99-year lease of 36 acres", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "36 acres (150,000 m2", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "Bush Presidential Library", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": "laity and clergy", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "Judicial Council", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": "laity and clergy, elected by the General Conference for an eight-year term. The ratio of laity to clergy alternates every eight years", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": "various locations throughout the world", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": "twice a year", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": "Annual Conference", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": "geographical area", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": "Annual Conference", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "local churches and pastors and describes in considerable detail the organizational structure of local United Methodist churches", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "more than nine members", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "more than nine members", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": "church conference", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "compensation packages for tax purposes", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": "United States", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": "three hundred sixty schools and institutions overseas", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": "United Methodist Church", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": "John Wesley", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": "pastors in local congregations. Deacons", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": "Annual Conference Order of Elders", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": "Annual Conference Order of Deacons", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": "several District Superintendents of the Districts of the Annual Conference", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": "multiple years", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "Annual Conference", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "affirmed by the church", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": "provisional Elders", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": "2\u20133 years", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": "local church", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "Deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "Deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "sacramental authority", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "provisional elder", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": "provisional elder/deacon", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "provisional deacon", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "Licensed Local Pastor", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": "licensed local pastor", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": "course of study school", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "Associate Membership", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "Baptized Members", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": "profession of faith", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "profession of faith", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": "profession of faith, Baptism", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "membership preparation classes", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "membership preparation or confirmation classes", "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "Methodist-Christian theological tradition", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": "local church lay servant, who serve in and through their local churches", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": "local church lay servant", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": "certified lay servant", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": "local church lay servant", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "United Methodist Church", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": "World Evangelical Fellowship", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": "United Methodist Church", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": "Union formed in 2000", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "African Methodist Episcopal Church", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "United Methodist Church", "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": "11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": "11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": "11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": "11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations. In 1975, membership dropped below 10 million", "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": "1 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": "11.4 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": "11.4 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": "11.4 million", "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": "Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": "Methodist Council", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": "July 18, 2006", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "French and Indian War", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "British North American colonies", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "North American colonies", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "Virginia", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "Virginia", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "Virginia", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "British Army commander", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "French", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "French", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "1755, six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "France", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "British colonists", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "War", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "Seven Years' War", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "Seven Years' War", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "Seven Years' War", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "Seven Years' War", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "Montreal", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Montreal", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "75,000", "5733d5704776f41900661310": "throughout the St", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "French 20 to 1", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "French 20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "1.5 million", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "British, large areas were dominated by native tribes", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "Iroquois rule", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "native tribes", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "Great Lakes region (an area not directly subject to the conflict between the French and British", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "North America", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "French regular army troops were stationed in North America", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "North America", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "November 1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "3,000 miles (4,800 km) between June and November 1749", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "Logstown, the Native Americans", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Old Briton", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "Old Briton", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "Old Briton", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "French", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "Montreal", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "governor", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist, acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company, explored the Ohio territory and opened negotiations with the Indian tribes", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "permission to build a \"strong house\" at the mouth of the Monongahela River", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "Europe", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "1748", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re, died and was temporarily replaced by Charles le Moyne de Longueuil", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "Charles Michel de Langlade", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "Duquesne", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "Pickawillany", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Boeuf", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Boeuf", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "Paul Marin de la Malgue", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Fort Le Boeuf", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "1746", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "1746", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "1746", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Virginia was an investor in the Ohio Company", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "October 1753 Dinwiddie ordered the 21-year-old Major George Washington", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam as an interpreter", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "Fort Le Boeuf", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "Dinwiddie", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "Saint-Pierre with the letter from Dinwiddie", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "Ohio Country", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "French forces under Claude-Pierre Pecaudy", "5733f1784776f41900661576": "small stockaded fort", "5733f1784776f41900661577": "small stockaded fort", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "Tanaghrisson", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British, Washington continued toward Fort Duquesne", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "British, Washington continued toward Fort Duquesne", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "France", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "France well before Braddock's departure for North America", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "Albany Congress in June and July, 1754. The goal of the congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "confederation", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "1754", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "1,500 army troops and provincial militia on an expedition in June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "George Washington", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "American Revolutionary War", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties, exacerbated by Shirley's inexperience in managing large expeditions", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "Niagara", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "Fort Bull", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Vaudreuil sent Dieskau", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Fort William Henry", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "June 1755", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "Monckton, in the sole British success that year, captured Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "British forces in North America", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "North America", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Major General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "Europe", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "British supply chain", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "British supply chain", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "Oswego garrison", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Albany, Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Montcalm slipped away and led the successful attack on Oswego in August", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "Montcalm and the Indians under his command", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "1757", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "Montcalm", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "Louisbourg", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "January", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "January they ambushed British rangers near Ticonderoga", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "Montcalm", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "Montcalm were minimally resupplied in 1758, as the British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "Montcalm were minimally resupplied in 1758", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "Vaudreuil", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "Cumberland", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "commander in chief after the failures of 1757", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "three", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two of the expeditions were successful, with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg", "573403394776f419006616dd": "Carillon, in which 3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie", "573403394776f419006616de": "Abercrombie", "573403394776f419006616df": "French", "573403394776f419006616e0": "Carillon", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "Britain", "57340549d058e614000b67de": "coast", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "Quebec", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Sainte-Foy", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "Restigouche", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Amherst", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "1760, and before any hostilities erupted, Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "Amherst", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "Hubertusburg", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "British", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "British", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "Acadia", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": "American provinces", "57340a094776f41900661780": "North American provinces, but many went to France, and some went to New Orleans", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "1763", "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Spanish Florida", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "legal and illegal settlement", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "British takeover of Spanish Florida", "57340d124776f419006617c2": "Spanish Florida resulted in the westward migration of tribes", "57340d124776f419006617bf": "America", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "Archimedes", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "fundamental errors", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Archimedes", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "Sir Isaac Newton formulated laws of motion that were not improved-on for nearly three hundred years", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Einstein", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "particle physics", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "particle physics has devised a Standard Model to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms. The Standard Model predicts that exchanged particles called gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "electroweak interaction", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "electroweak interaction", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "electroweak interaction", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "natural places", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "motionless objects", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "natural motion\", and unnatural or forced motion", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "Aristotelian physics", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "Galileo Galilei, who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo constructed an experiment in which stones and cannonballs", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force, for example friction", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "external net force or resultant force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "constant velocity was associated with a lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "relative velocities", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "Newton", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "constant velocity, the laws of physics", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "inertia", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "rest", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": "reference frames subject to constant acceleration", "573749741c45671900574461": "equivalence", "573750f51c45671900574467": "kinematic measurements", "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic measurements", "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "microscales", "573750f61c4567190057446b": "relative units of force and mass", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "Note 3]", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "unidirectional", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "\u2212F on the first body. F and \u2212F", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "center of mass", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "internal forces", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "external force divided by the mass of the system", "573766251c45671900574471": "intuitive", "573766251c45671900574472": "precise operational definitions", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", "573766251c45671900574474": "Newtonian mechanics", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities\". This means that forces follow a different set of mathematical rules than physical quantities that do not have direction (denoted scalar quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Associating forces", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "direction of both forces to calculate the result. If both of these pieces of information are not known for each force, the situation is ambiguous", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "magnitudes of force", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "resultant", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "static equilibrium where several forces canceled each other out. Such experiments demonstrate the crucial properties that forces are additive vector quantities", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "resultant (also called the net force", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "lines of application", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "resultant", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "three-dimensional", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "vector addition", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "vector addition yields the original force", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "orthogonal components, the components of the vector sum are uniquely determined by the scalar addition of the components of the individual vectors", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "three-dimensional", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "static friction, generated between the object and the table surface. For a situation with no movement, the static friction force exactly balances the applied force", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "static friction force", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "applied force", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "simple devices", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "spring reaction force\", which equals the object's weight", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "millennia", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Newton", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo who noticed that certain assumptions of Aristotelian physics", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to rest", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Simple experiments", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "cannonball from the crow's nest of a ship moving at a constant velocity", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "cannonball from the crow's nest of a ship moving at a constant velocity", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction force exactly opposes the applied force. This results in zero net force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "constant velocity motion", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "kinetic friction force exactly opposes the applied force. This results in zero net force", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation instead of Newtonian equations", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian equations", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "Newtonian equations. This has the consequence that the results of a measurement are now sometimes \"quantized", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "Newtonian equations", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "spin variables", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "value of the spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "symmetric spin function (e.g. parallel spins", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "symmetric spin function (e.g. parallel spins", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "mathematical by-product", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "conservation of momentum", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "fundamental interactions", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "world line", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "electromagnetic force acts between electric charges, and the gravitational force acts between masses", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "electromagnetic force acts between electric charges, and the gravitational force acts between masses", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "electric charges", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "electromagnetic force acts between electric charges", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "four fundamental interactions", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th century", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "self-consistent unification models that would combine all four fundamental interactions", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "self-consistent unification models that would combine all four fundamental interactions", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Galileo", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "Newton, the tendency for objects to fall towards the Earth was not understood to be related to the motions of celestial objects", "573784fa1c45671900574486": "Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "object's mass", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "larger distances", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "inverse square law", "573786b51c4567190057448f": "Newton realized that the acceleration due to gravity is proportional to the mass of the attracting body", "573786b51c45671900574490": "gravitational acceleration", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Newton's lifetime", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "lifetime", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Vulcan", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "Newton's Theory of Gravity", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "GR, gravitation", "57378b141c456719005744a0": "straight line path", "57378b141c456719005744a1": "time derivative of the changing momentum of the object is what we label as \"gravitational force", "57378b141c456719005744a2": "space-time can be observed and the force is inferred from the object's curved path", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "time rate of change of electric charge", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "unified electromagnetic force", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "electrostatic force", "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "self-generating", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20 scalar equations", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "electric and magnetic fields", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "electromagnetism", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "electromagnetism", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "fundamental exchange particle", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum mechanics. This final modification to electromagnetic theory ultimately led to quantum electrodynamics", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": "electrons in a material", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": "structural force", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "electrons in a material", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "structural force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "nuclear force. Here the strong force acts indirectly, transmitted as gluons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "hadrons (the best known example being the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "gluons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "elementary particles affected are not directly observable. This phenomenon is called color confinement", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "radioactivity", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated radioactivity", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013 times less than that of the strong force", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015 kelvins", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "normal force in action", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "tension force", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "multiplied", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "three-dimensional objects", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "Newtonian mechanics", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "pressure gradients", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "real life", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "real life", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "stress tensor accounts for forces that cause all strains (deformations", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "cross-sectional area for the volume for which the stress-tensor", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "cross-sectional area", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "stress-tensor", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "angular velocity for velocity", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "angular momentum", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object is always directed toward the center of the curving path", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object is always directed toward the center of the curving path", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "centripetal) force", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object is always directed toward the center of the curving path", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "tangential force", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "net mechanical energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "net mechanical energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "net mechanical energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "potential energy", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates. For example, friction", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "other contact forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics. In macroscopic closed systems", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "microscopic conservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "macroscopic closed systems", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "transfer of heat", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "nonconservative forces act to change the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "kilogram-force (kgf) (sometimes kilopond), is the force exerted by standard gravity", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kgf) (sometimes kilopond), is the force exerted by standard gravity", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "kilogram-force", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "1000 lbf", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "kgf) (sometimes kilopond), is the force exerted by standard gravity" }