{ "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": "National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": "National Football League", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": "50th", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": "Carolina Panthers 24\u201310", "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "various gold-themed initiatives", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": "gold", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": "February 7, 2016", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": "50", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": "gold", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": "50", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": "February 7, 2016", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": "50th", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": "50th", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": "February 7, 2016", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": "Super Bowl L", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": "2015", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": "Carolina Panthers", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": "February 7, 2016", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": "February 7, 2016", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": "50", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": "February 7, 2016", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": "2016", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": "Denver Broncos", "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": "Carolina Panthers", "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": "50th", "56d600e31c85041400946eae": "2015", "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": "50th", "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": "50th", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": "Roman numerals", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": "National Football League", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": "quarterback Cam Newton", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": "eight", "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": "1995", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": "LIX", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": "Arizona Cardinals", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": "s", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": "Broncos", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": "four teams that have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": "Newton", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": "15", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": "quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": ".", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": "four", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": "New England Patriots", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": "Cam Newton", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": ".", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": "Newton", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": "49\u201315", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": "quarterback Cam Newton", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": "Arizona Cardinals", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": "Broncos", "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": "Von Miller", "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": "sacks", "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": "Broncos", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": "Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": "five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": "Newton", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": "Denver's defense", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": "Von Miller", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": "Denver", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": "sacks", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": "Von Miller", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": "Denver linebacker", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": "five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": "sacks", "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": "Von Miller", "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": "five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks", "56d601e41c85041400946ece": "Denver", "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": "seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble", "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": "defense", "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": "Newton", "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": "Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": "Newton", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": ".", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": "Newton", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": "five solo tackles, 2\u00bd sacks", "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": "CBS", "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": "$5 million", "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": "British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": "Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": "Bruno Mars", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": "U", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": "$5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": "Bruno Mars", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": "Bruno Mars", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": "Bruno Mars", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": ".", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": "$5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": "Bruno Mars", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": "ever", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": "XLVII", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": "$5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": "Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": "British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d602631c85041400946ed8": "BS", "56d602631c85041400946eda": "Bruno Mars", "56d602631c85041400946edb": "Bruno Mars", "56d602631c85041400946edc": "special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": "$5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": "Bruno Mars", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": "special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": "special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": "Roger Goodell", "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": "NFL Commissioner", "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": "early 2012", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": "NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": "2012", "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": "Roger Goodell", "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": "Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": "Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "50th Super Bowl \"spectacular", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "2012", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": "NFL Commissioner", "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": "New", "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": "New", "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": "New", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": "Levi's Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": "Levi", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": "Miami", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": "Levi", "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": ".", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": ".", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": "New", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": "Levi", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": ".", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": "Levi's Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": "New", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": "Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium.", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": "Levi", "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": "Sun Life Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV", "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": "XLIV in 2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": "XLIV in 2010", "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": "Stanford", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": "2012", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": "XLIV in 2010", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": "XLIV in 2010", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": "October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": "XLIV", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": "1985", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": "The South Florida/Miami area", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": "October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": "October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": "XLIV in 2010", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": "Florida legislature", "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": "2014", "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": "NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston", "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": "$1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014", "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": "$1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014", "56be5523acb8001400a50330": "XXXVII", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": "Boston", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": "NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": "$1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": ".", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": "San Diego in 2003", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": "2014", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": "2014", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": "Levi", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": "XIX", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": "XXXVII", "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": "XIX", "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": "$1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": "2003", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": "Boston", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": "2014", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": "$1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": "$1.2 billion", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": "XIX", "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": "John Fox", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": "Panthers", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": "Broncos", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": "Broncos", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": "Super Bowl 50", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": "John Fox", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": ".", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": "Panthers", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": "XLVIII", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": "only six teams", "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": "Super Bowl", "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": "Super Bowl", "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": "Super Bowl appearance", "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": "Super Bowl appearance", "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": "only six teams to have acquired a 15\u20131 record, while the Denver Broncos", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": "Carolina Panthers became one of only ten teams", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": "Broncos", "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": "John Fox", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": "DeAngelo Williams", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": "preseason", "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": "seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": "1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": "Carolina Panthers", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": "Carolina", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": "eight All-Pro selections", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": "1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": "Green Bay Packers", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": "New Orleans Saints", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": "wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": "Kelvin Benjamin", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": "DeAngelo Williams", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": "14\u20130", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": "Carolina Panthers", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": "1978", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "14\u20130", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "Carolina", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": "six Pro Bowl selections", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing), a career-low 10 interceptions", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": "45 total touchdowns", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": "739 yards and 10 touchdowns; Ginn", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "Greg Olsen", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing), a career-low 10 interceptions", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": "quarterback rating of 99.4", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "77", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "485 yards), rookie Devin Funchess", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": ".", "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": "Carolina", "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": "Newton", "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": "636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns", "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": "45", "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": "Pro Bowl running back Jonathan Stewart, who led the team with 989 rushing yards", "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": "Panthers offense", "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "Cam Newton", "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": "45", "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "99.4", "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "485 yards), rookie Devin Funchess", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": "sixth in the league", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": "defensive end Jared Allen, a 5-time pro bowler who was the NFL's active career sack leader with 136", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "Thomas Davis", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": "Pro Bowl cornerback Josh Norman, who developed into a shutdown corner", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "11", "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": "308 points", "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": "11", "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": "three starting linebackers", "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": "Luke Kuechly", "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "24", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": "308 points", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "Davis", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "136", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": "cornerback Josh Norman, who developed into a shutdown corner", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": "Gary Kubiak", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": "Brock Osweiler", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": "shotgun passing skills, but struggled with numerous changes and injuries to the offensive line, as well as Manning", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": "Manning", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": "Gary Kubiak", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": "playoffs", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": "shotgun passing skills", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": "offensive line", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": "Gary Kubiak", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": "Manning", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": "plantar fasciitis injury in his heel", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": "Peyton Manning", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": "Manning's return during the Week 17 regular season finale", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": "Gary Kubiak", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": "Manning", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": "Gary Kubiak", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": "Osweiler", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": "Kubiak", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "86.4", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": "Osweiler", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": ".", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": ".", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": "six interceptions", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "86.4", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "Osweiler", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": "67", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": ".", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": "Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "86.4", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": "Osweiler", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": "Demaryius Thomas", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "720", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "86.4", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": "Osweiler", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "Emmanuel Sanders", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": "Ronnie Hillman", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "Running back", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "NFL yards allowed (4,530", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "Malik Jackson", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "Cornerbacks Aqib Talib (three interceptions", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "Pro Bowl", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "total tackles with 109", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "4,530) for the first time in franchise history, and fourth in points allowed (296", "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "Von Miller", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "109", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "Cornerbacks Aqib Talib (three interceptions", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "Von Miller", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "total", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "Linebacker", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": "Seahawks", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": "Arizona Cardinals", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": "15", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": "s", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": "31\u20130 halftime lead and then holding off a furious second half comeback attempt to win 31\u201324", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": "49\u201315", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": "49\u201315", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": "15", "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982ba": ".", "56d701280d65d214001982bc": "49\u201315", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "Seahawks", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": "49\u201315", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": "NFC Championship Game, 49\u201315", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": "NFC Championship Game, 49\u201315", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "23\u201316", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": "New", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": "23\u201316, by scoring 11 points", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": "17", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": "Pittsburgh", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": "23\u201316, by scoring 11 points", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": "New", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": "17", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": "interceptions", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": "23\u201316", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": "New England Patriots", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": "New England Patriots", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": "17", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": "Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": "a broken arm", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": ".", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": ".", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": "three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": "a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": ".", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": "Super Bowl", "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": "three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": "broken arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": ".", "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": "Thomas Davis", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "age 39", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "age 38", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": "XXXIII", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": "Broncos", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "Broncos", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "age 39", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": "age 39", "56d704430d65d214001982de": "quarterback", "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "age 39", "56d704430d65d214001982e1": "age 39", "56d704430d65d214001982e2": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": ".", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "John Elway", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": "Newton", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": "2011", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": "Manning", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": "2011", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": "Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": "Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": "Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": "Manning", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": "Von Miller", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": "Newton", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": "NFL draft", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": "Newton", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": "Manning", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": "Manning", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": "quarterbacks at 13 years and 48 days", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": "head coaches", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": "Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX, and Kubiak", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": "Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX, and Kubiak", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": "Rivera having been a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX, and Kubiak replacing Elway", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": "Rivera having been a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": "Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX, and Kubiak", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": "Rivera", "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": "Rivera", "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": "XX", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": "field goal", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": "NFL", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": "Ed Mangan", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker, causing him to slip and miss a field goal", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": "field goal", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": "Tucker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker, causing him to slip and miss a field goal", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "NFL", "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": "games", "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": "NFL", "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": "cleats", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": "2015", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": "natural grass", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": "Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34\u201319", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": "white", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": "white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": "Super Bowl XXXIII", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": "XXXIII", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": "Denver", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": "Elway", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": "white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": "white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": "white", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": "XXXIII", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": "matching white pants", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": "Super Bowls when wearing orange jerseys", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": "XXXIII", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "Stanford", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": "San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": "Stanford University", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "Stanford University", "56d70d240d65d21400198326": ".", "56d70d240d65d21400198327": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "Stanford University", "56d70d240d65d21400198329": "Stanford University", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "Stanford University", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": "Stanford University", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": "June 4, 2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": "Super Bowl LI", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": "Jaime Weston", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": "Super Bowl XLV", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": "Vince Lombardi", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": "Super Bowl V", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": "Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": "2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V", "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L", "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": "Super Bowl L", "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": "gold", "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": "Super Bowl LI", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": "Super Bowl 50", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": "Super Bowl LI", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "gold", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": "week 7", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": "50", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": "gold", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "Gold", "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "line", "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "Gold footballs", "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": "50", "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "gold", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": "Moscone Center in San Francisco", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": "San Francisco", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": "Ed Lee", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "Jane Kim", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": "January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": "More than 1", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": "Ed Lee", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": "San Francisco", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": "Super Bowl City", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": "San Francisco", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "Super Bowl City", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": "Ed Lee", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "Super Bowl City", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": "More than 1", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": "San Francisco mayor Ed Lee", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": "$5 million", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": "San Francisco", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": "Santa Clara University, and a pep rally", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": "$2 million", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": "2 million", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": "$2 million", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": "pep", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": "business sponsors and individual donors, but still may need the city council", "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": "Bellomy Field at Santa Clara University, and a pep rally", "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": "professional fundraiser", "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": "city council", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": "2 million", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": "business sponsors and individual donors, but still may need the city council", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": "media day, which was typically held on the Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": "Opening Night", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": "San Jose", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": "San Jose", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": "Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": "Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": "Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": "Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": "Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": "Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": "Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": "Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": "Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": "Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": "Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": "Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": "February 1, 2016", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": "Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": "$40 million through sponsors", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": "Dignity Health", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": "Apple, Google", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": "Apple, Google", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": "Host", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": "$40 million through sponsors", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": "$40 million through sponsors", "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": "contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": "Business Connect", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": "40 million through sponsors", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "25", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": "the 50 fund", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "25", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": "youth development, community investment and sustainable environments", "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "Super Bowl", "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "all money it raises for philanthropic causes", "56d71d150d65d21400198370": "50", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "25", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "community investment and sustainable environments", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": "50", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": "18", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": "18", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": "Tiffany & Co", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": "Tiffany & Co", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": "50", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": "18-karat gold", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": "Tiffany & Co", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": "Super Bowl 50", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": "Tiffany", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": "main broadcast", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": "Phil Simms", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": "Tracy Wolfson", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": "pylon cameras and microphones", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": "5K", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": "CBS", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": "Evan Washburn on the sidelines", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": "pylon cameras and microphones along with EyeVision 360", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": "EyeVision 360", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": "Tracy Wolfson", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": "CBS", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": "CBS", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": "CBS", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": "BS", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": "Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": "Super Bowl 50", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": "5K resolution", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": "CBS and the NFL", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": "John Sutcliffe", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre, and sideline reporter John Sutcliffe", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": "December 28, 2015", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": "Super Bowl", "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": "CBS", "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": "ESPN Deportes announced that they had reached an agreement with CBS", "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": "John Sutcliffe", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": "CBS", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": "Martin and Raul Allegre, and sideline reporter John Sutcliffe", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": "John Sutcliffe", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "NFL Mobile service", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": "WatchESPN", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": "game", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": "tablets", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": "tablets, Windows 10", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": "CBSSports", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": "smartphones", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "NFL", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": "NFL", "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "NFL", "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "NFL", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": "WatchESPN", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "NFL", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": "WatchESPN", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": "special episodes of its late night", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": "James Corden", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": ".", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": "late night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50", "56d720c70d65d21400198396": "late night talk", "56d720c70d65d21400198397": "special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert following the game", "56d720c70d65d21400198398": "break", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": "CBS set the base rate for a 30-second advertisement at $5,000,000", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": "beer", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": "Doritos", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": "20th", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": "$5,000,000", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": "Doritos", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": "Doritos", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": "Pok\u00e9mon", "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": "Anheuser-Busch InBev", "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "Doritos", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "Doritos", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "Doritos", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "Crash", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Small Business Big Game\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": "Death Wish Coffee", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": "free of charge", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": "States", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": "Death Wish Coffee", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": "nine other contenders from across the United States", "56d722330d65d214001983a6": "Death Wish Coffee", "56d722330d65d214001983a7": "Death Wish Coffee", "56d722330d65d214001983a8": "Death Wish Coffee", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "Death Wish Coffee", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "Death Wish Coffee", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": ".", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": "Out of the Shadows and 10 Cloverfield Lane, Universal paid for The Secret Life of Pets", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": ".", "56d723560d65d214001983ac": "Universal Studios", "56d723560d65d214001983ad": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows and 10 Cloverfield Lane, Universal paid for The Secret Life of Pets", "56d723560d65d214001983ae": "debut trailer for Jason Bourne", "56d723560d65d214001983af": "Civil War", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "Deadpool", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": ".", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": "Deadpool", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "game", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": "Kevin Harlan", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": "Jim Gray", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": "Jim Gray", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": "Jim Gray", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": "Kevin Harlan", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": "Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "Westwood One", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": "Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": "Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": "Kevin Harlan", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": "sideline reporters. Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": "Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": "pre-game", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": "game", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "KRFX", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": "color commentary", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "1110 AM", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "North Carolina", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": "color commentary", "56d724620d65d214001983be": "Mick Mixon", "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey", "56d724620d65d214001983c0": "WBT", "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "color commentary", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "North Carolina", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "WBT", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": "Kingdom", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": "Live", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": "Darren Fletcher", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": ".", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": "Greg Brady", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": "MVP", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": "Chuck Howley", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": "39", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": "Super Bowl XII", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "Peyton Manning", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": "43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": "Peyton Manning", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": "Super Bowl XII", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": "39", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": "39", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": "Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": ".", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": "Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": "Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Lady Gaga", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "national anthem", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "Lady Gaga", "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Gaga", "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "American Sign Language", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": "Gaga", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": "American Sign Language (ASL) translation", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": "Lady Gaga", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": ".", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": "3", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": "British rock", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": "XLVII halftime show", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": "\"Hymn for the Weekend", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": "Coldplay", "56d725790d65d214001983d8": "XLVII", "56d725790d65d214001983da": "Pepsi", "56d725790d65d214001983db": "single \"Hymn for the Weekend", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": "Beyonc\u00e9", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": "British rock group Coldplay. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyonc\u00e9", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": "single \"Hymn for the Weekend", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": "Bruno Mars", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": "Denver", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": "Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": "Ronnie Hillman", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": "3\u20130", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "Anderson", "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "Peyton Manning", "56d728a10d65d21400198414": "linebacker Shaq Thompson", "56d728a10d65d21400198415": ".", "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "deficit", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": "Denver", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "tight end Owen Daniels", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": ".", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": "goal", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": "Mike Carey", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": "Newton", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": "Von Miller", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": "Malik Jackson", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": "XXVIII", "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": "replay", "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": "CBS analyst and retired referee Mike Carey", "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": ".", "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": "Von Miller", "56d728e00d65d21400198420": "Super Bowl XXVIII", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": "CBS analyst and retired referee Mike Carey", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": "Von Miller", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": ".", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "XXVIII", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": "Newton completed 4 of 4 passes for 51 yards and rushed twice for 25 yards, while Jonathan Stewart", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": "teams", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": "Panthers players", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": "Broncos", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": "McManus", "56d729180d65d21400198426": "51 yards and rushed twice", "56d729180d65d21400198427": "Newton", "56d729180d65d21400198428": "11:28", "56d729180d65d21400198429": "Mario Addison", "56d729180d65d2140019842a": "McManus", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": "Newton", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": ".", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": "Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": "safety Darian Stewart, which linebacker", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": "Kony Ealy", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": "DeMarcus Ware", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "DeMarcus Ware", "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": "Mike Tolbert", "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": "defensive end Kony Ealy", "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": "Panthers", "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": "safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": "Mike Tolbert", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": "safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": "Kony Ealy", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": "1:55 left on the clock", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": "DeMarcus Ware", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "Brown", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": "McManus", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": "McManus", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": "McManus", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "Trevathan", "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": ".", "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": "Graham Gano hit the uprights", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": ".", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": "Trevathan", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": "Manning", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": "Denver", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": "Graham Gano", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": "Emmanuel Sanders", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": "Carolina", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "39", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "Devin Funchess", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "Stewart", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "41", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": "Ealy", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": "Carolina", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": "punts", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": "Ealy", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": "Panthers", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "39", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": ".", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": "regulation", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": "Newton", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": "cornerback Josh Norman", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": "Newton", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": "Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": "Miller", "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": "Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward", "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": "Newton", "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": "cornerback Josh Norman", "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": "4:51", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": "4:51 left in regulation", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": "Miller", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": "Ward", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": "three plays", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": "Manning", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": "six total tackles (five solo), 2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles. Ware", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": "one interception", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": "McManus", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": "Thomas Davis", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": ".", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": "touchdowns", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": "one interception", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": "Newton completed 18 of 41 passes for 265 yards, with one interception. He was also the team's leading rusher with 45 yards", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": "Sanders", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": "Thomas Davis", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": "Sanders", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": "90 yards and a touchdown", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": "post-season", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": ".", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": "five solo), 2\u00bd sacks", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": "first downs", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "Carolina", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": "Baltimore Ravens", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": "Jordan Norwood", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": "Newton", "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": "total yards (315 to 194", "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "Carolina", "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": "XX. Kony Ealy", "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": "head coach", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": "21 to 11", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "seven sacks", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": "Denver", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": "XX. Kony Ealy", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": "Newton", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "Nobel Prize", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "Polish general and hero of the American Revolutionary War, was born here in 1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "musicians", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven months old", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "over 100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "Saxon Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "east end of the park, the Tomb", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "\u0141azienki", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "perfectly preserved ecosystem", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "15 kilometres (9 miles) from Warsaw", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "oxbow lakes", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "permanent \u2013 the majority are emptied before winter to clean them of plants and sediments", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "foreign-born inhabitants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "1,178,914 inhabitants 833,500", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "638,000, Jews constituted 219,000", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Polish majority, there was a significant Jewish", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000 professors", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "most prestigious", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "2,000 professors", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "two million items", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "architects Marek Budzy\u0144ski and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "12 June 2002", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", "573399b54776f41900660e65": "Poland", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth", "573399b54776f41900660e67": ".", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "CMHI", "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", "57339a554776f41900660e78": "infrastructure", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "numerous musical venues, including the Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "the Palace of Culture and Science", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": ".", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "events and festivals", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski (the Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "1922\u201326", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Warsaw", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "water to predict when they would be married", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60 museums", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "prestigious ones are National Museum with a collection of works", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "Museum of the Polish Army", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "arms", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "history of Poland can be found in the Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "Museum of Independence", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "permanent exhibition", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "Royal", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "about 500", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "Warsaw", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "September", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "1946", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "disastrous financial situation", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "mermaid", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "mid-14th century", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "1609", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "best-known legend", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "long ago two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey through the depths of the oceans and seas", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "the coast of Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "village of Warszowa", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "songs", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916 married a Polish lawyer Tadeusz \u0141empicki", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style in painting and art", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": ".", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "wide variety of industries", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "Frontex", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1596", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "Sigismund III Vasa", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic archdiocese (left bank of the Vistula) and diocese", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "historic city-centre", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "Royal Castle", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "luxurious parks and royal gardens", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "warszawiak", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "Capital", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa (English: \"The Capital", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "P\u0142ock", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "about 1300", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "Sejm", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569", "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom", "5733266d4776f41900660715": "Vilnius", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596", "57332a734776f41900660726": "1796", "57332a734776f41900660727": "Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon", "57332a734776f41900660729": "constitutional monarchy", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "November 1918", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia in 1914, which included Warsaw", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "underground", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "huge Battle", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Red Army", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "German Nazi colonial administration", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "several hundred thousand", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "Final Solution\" on 19 April 1943", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "Jewish", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "Red Army was deep into Polish territory and pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": ".", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "August 1944, as the Red Army was nearing the city", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "150,000 and 200,000", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Soviets", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "large", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "an Eastern Bloc city", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "the Palace of Culture and Science", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "World Heritage list", "573330444776f41900660758": "1979 and 1983", "573330444776f41900660759": "his native country in 1979 and 1983 brought support to the budding solidarity movement", "573330444776f4190066075a": "1979 and 1983", "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", "573330444776f4190066075c": "democratic", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300 km (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains and about 260 km (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "115", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "75.6 metres (248", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two main geomorphologic formations: the plain moraine plateau", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "Escarpment", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "plain moraine plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "contemporary flooded terrace still has visible valleys and ground depressions", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "small ponds", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "turbulent history of the city and country", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "the Second World War", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "After liberation", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "some of the buildings", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "basic design typical of Eastern bloc countries", "573361404776f4190066093c": "burgher houses and fortifications", "573361404776f4190066093d": "1411", "573361404776f4190066093e": "1411", "573361404776f4190066093f": "1562", "573361404776f41900660940": "1596\u20131619) and the Jesuit Church (1609\u20131626) at Old Town", "573362b94776f41900660974": "numerous noble palaces and churches during the later decades of the 17th century", "573362b94776f41900660975": "noble palaces and churches", "573362b94776f41900660976": "rococo architecture are Czapski Palace (1712\u20131721), Palace of the Four Winds", "573362b94776f41900660977": "neoclassical architecture in Warsaw can be described by the simplicity of the geometrical forms teamed with a great inspiration from the Roman period", "573362b94776f41900660978": "neoclassical style", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "communist authorities after the war", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "communist authorities after the war", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism style", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building (1899\u20131902", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "most distinctive buildings", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "many places", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "important monument", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Warsaw Uprising Monument by Wincenty Ku\u0107ma", "573368044776f41900660a29": "Other green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library garden", "573368044776f41900660a2a": "Orangery", "573368044776f41900660a2b": "the airport", "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Sejm", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "Ogr\u00f3d Zoologiczny", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "city", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "borders of Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest. Bielany Forest nature reserve", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Masovian Primeval Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "botanic gardens: by the \u0141azienki park", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "only 420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "1939", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "first remedial measure was the Warsaw area enlargement (1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "Poland", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural city", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics, 35.7% Jews", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "8% Protestants. Eight years later, in 1909", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "hundreds of places of religious worship in all parts of the town. Most of them were destroyed in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "gmina", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "powiats", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "Krak\u00f3w", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "Council members are elected directly every four years", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "four years", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "most legislative bodies", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "two-thirds majority vote", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "Jan Andrzej Menich (1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "the City council", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "City council", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "emerging market", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "PLN 94 000 in 2008", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "World War II", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "World War II", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Party", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "Fiat", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "Aveo", "573166ede6313a140071cef2": "listen", "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "capital", "573166ede6313a140071cef4": "Vistula", "573166ede6313a140071cef5": "666 million", "573166ede6313a140071cef6": "2.666 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "capital", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "V", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "666 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "France", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Norseman\") raiders and pirates", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "first half of the 10th century, and it continued to evolve over the succeeding centuries", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "William the Conqueror, led to the Norman conquest of England at the Battle of Hastings in 1066", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "treaty", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": ".", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": ".", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "Nortmannus, Normannus", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "fiefdom", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "West Francia", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "Normandy", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "Rollo", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "Old Norse language", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": "1017 at the latest. In 999", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": "Monte Gargano", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": "Monte Gargano", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "Drogo", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "William Iron Arm", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": "Saracens", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": "1130", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": "Squillace", "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": "geographical treatises", "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "Book of Roger", "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": "meritocratic bureaucracy of Jews, Muslims and Christians", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "Pechenegs", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "Herv\u00e9 in the 1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s, Robert Crispin led the Normans of Edessa", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "population", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel led a force of \"Franks\" into the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Cilicia", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Norman named Raoul", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Alexius", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "2", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "1081 he led an army of 30,000 men in 300 ships", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "Deabolis", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Deabolis", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "naval bases of the Adriatic\u2014fell again to Byzantine hands", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy in 1013", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Duke Richard II of Normandy", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Ralph the Timid earl of Hereford", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "invading Normans and their descendants replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class of England", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Latin language", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Bannow Bay", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "east of Ireland, later known as the Pale", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Duncan", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "elder brother Alexander I had married Sybilla of Normandy", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Norman", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "William", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "following 380 years", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "Messina", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191 Richard the Lion-hearted left Messina with a large fleet in order to reach Acre", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Richard", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Richard provided that he support Guy against his rival Conrad of Montferrat", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy", "56de41504396321400ee2714": "Richard the Lion-Heart", "56de41504396321400ee2715": "12 May 1191", "56de41504396321400ee2716": "King of Cyprus", "56de48f34396321400ee2770": "1489", "56de48f34396321400ee2771": "Templar", "56de49564396321400ee277a": "El Hierro", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Maciot", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "1418, Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "1418, Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "Channel Islands", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "Latin", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "England and Italy", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded arches, particularly over windows and doorways, and massive proportions", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "Early Gothic", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Early Gothic", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Kingdom of Sicily", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "dukes", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "dukes as a unifying force for their disparate duchy", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "the 16th century", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": ".", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "mosaics", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "history of classical music in the 11th century", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Latin", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "southern Italy", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": "10 July 1856", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": "1856", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": "1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": "1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": "1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": ".", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "alternating current", "56df9ee138dc421700152108": "New York City", "56df9ee138dc421700152109": "George Westinghouse", "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": "George Westinghouse", "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": "New York City", "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": "corporate alternating current/direct current \"War of Currents", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": "United States", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": "George Westinghouse", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": "New York City", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": "George Westinghouse", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": "transformer", "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "his devices", "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "New York and Colorado Springs", "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "mechanical oscillators/generators", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "wireless controlled boat", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "7 January 1943", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "1960", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": "New York hotels", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "mad scientist", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": "own projects", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "7 January 1943", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": "magnetic flux density", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "the 1990s", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": "showmanship", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": "10 July [O.S. 28 June] 1856", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": "Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": "Nikola", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": "Nikola credited his eidetic memory and creative abilities to his mother's genetics and influence", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": "10 July [O.S. 28 June] 1856", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": "Milutin Tesla", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": "\u0110uka Tesla", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": "\u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi\u0107", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": "western Serbia", "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": "Dane", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "1861, Tesla attended the \"Lower\" or \"Primary\" School in Smiljan where he studied German, arithmetic, and religion", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "1862, the Tesla family moved to Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": "Dane", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": "Dane", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": "Nikola", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": "1862, the Tesla family moved to Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": "Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": "German", "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": "integral calculus", "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": "integral calculus in his head, which prompted his teachers to believe that he was cheating", "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": "three years, graduating in 1873", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": "Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": "German", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": "three years, graduating in 1873", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": "cholera", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": "nine months", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": "cholera", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": "enter the priesthood", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": "Smiljan", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": "1873", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": "cholera", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": "nine months", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": "enter the priesthood", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": "engineering school", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": "Smiljan by running away to Tomingaj", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": "Mark Twain", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": "Tomingaj", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": "Smiljan by running away to Tomingaj", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": "Tomingaj", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": "Tomingaj", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": "1874", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": "1874", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": "Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness", "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": "1875", "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": "Austrian Polytechnic in Graz", "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": "1879", "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": "Professor Poeschl", "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": "never", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": "Graz", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": "Graz", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": "1879", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": "addicted to gambling", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": "overwork", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": "Graz", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": "Graz", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": "school", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": ".", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": "Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": "Milutin", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": "Graz", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": "Mur River", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": "draftsman", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": "Milutin Tesla went to Maribor to beg his son to return home, but Nikola refused. Nikola", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": "police guard", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": "police guard", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": "age of 60 after contracting an unspecified illness", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": "a stroke", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": "Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": "24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": "police guard", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": "Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": "a stroke", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": "Go", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": "1880", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": "lectures", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": "university", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": "Prague", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": "study", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": "1880", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": "uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospi\u0107 for Prague where he was to study", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": "Budapest", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": "telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": "electrician position", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": "Central Station equipment", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": "electrician position", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": "1881", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": "Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": "Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": "chief electrician", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": "France", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": "France", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": "New York City", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": "Thomas Edison", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": "Edison Company", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": "France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": "France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "57\u201360", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": "Thomas Edison", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": "lower east side", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "direct current generators. In 1885", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": "months of work, Tesla fulfilled the task and inquired about payment", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy", "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "1885", "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "Tesla", "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "US$10 a week raise", "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": "Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": "Robert", "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": "1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": "1886", "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": "1886", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": "businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": "businessmen in 1886", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": "electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": "1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": "electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "ideas", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "penniless", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "ditch digger", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "the winter of 1886/1887", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "control of the patents he had generated since he had assigned them to the company in lieu of stock", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "ditch digger", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": ".", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": "Western Union superintendent", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": "April 1887", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": "generated patents would go \u2153 to Tesla", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": "89 Liberty Street", "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": "late 1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": "Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent", "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": ".", "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": "89 Liberty Street", "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": "April 1887 they formed the Tesla Electric", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": "induction motor", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": "1887", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": "self-starting design that did not need a commutator", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": "sparking and the high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": "self-starting", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": "laboratory in 1887", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": "laboratory in 1887", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": "self-starting design that did not need a commutator, thus avoiding sparking", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": "1887", "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": "Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin (a friend and publicist", "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": "Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": "his induction motor", "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": "patents", "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": "Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": "Westinghouse", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": "patents", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": "physicist", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": "Electric & Manufacturing", "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": "July 1888, Brown and Peck", "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": "George", "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": "one year", "56e05900231d4119001ac051": "1888", "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": "George Westinghouse for Tesla's polyphase induction motor and transformer designs for $60,000 in cash and stock", "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": "July 1888", "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": "$2,000", "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": "$2,000", "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": "Tesla", "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": "system", "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": "60", "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": "induction motor could only run at a constant speed, it would not work for street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor", "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": "alternating current system to power the city's streetcars", "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": "alternating current", "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "electrical distribution battle being waged between Thomas Edison", "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "all-out warfare", "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "AC development", "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "General Electric", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": "Westinghouse", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": "lighting systems", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": "1886 and had reached the point of all-out warfare by 1888", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "1890", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": "1892 Thomas Edison", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": "George Westinghouse", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": "alternating current", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": "General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": "Polyphase System", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": ".", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": "one million dollars", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": "Columbian", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": "alternating current", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "electrical exhibits. It was a key event in the history of AC power", "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": "Richard Dean Adams", "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": "Adams", "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": "Westinghouse Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": "Westinghouse Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": "Adams", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": "Dean Adams", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": "Tesla", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": ".", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "Westinghouse Electric", "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": "in 1896", "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": "$216,000", "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": "alternating current", "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": "Westinghouse Electric", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": "patent battles with Westinghouse Electric", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": "$200,000 in licenses and royalties", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": "1897", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": "naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": "South Fifth Avenue", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": "electric", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": "Tesla coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": "United States", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": "coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": "naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": "wireless", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": "Electrical Engineers", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "Institute of Radio Engineers", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": "1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": "vice president", "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": "1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "Institute of Radio Engineers", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": "radiant energy of \"invisible\" kinds", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": "fire", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": "image", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": "locking screw", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": "1894", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "X-Rays", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": "1894", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": "December 1895 announcement of the discovery of x-rays", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": "Geissler tube", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": "1896", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": "radiography", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": "radiography", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "X-rays", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": "Tesla Coil (the modern term for the phenomenon produced by this device is bremsstrahlung or braking radiation", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": "radiography", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": "X-ray imaging, developing a high energy single terminal vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": "radiography", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": "longitudinal waves", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": "early investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed the skin damage to various causes", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": "skin damage to various causes. He believed early on that damage to the skin", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": "single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": "longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasmas. These plasma waves can occur in force-free magnetic fields", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": "longitudinal waves", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": "longitudinal waves", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": "plasmas", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": "various causes", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": "Benjamin Lamme", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": "Tesla", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": "Electric", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": "Egg of Columbus", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": "York Herald Tribune published an article on Tesla", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": ".", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": "minute", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": "electric gun", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": "1893", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "Tesla Coil", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "radio", "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": "1898", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": "radio-controlled boat\u2014which he dubbed \"teleautomaton", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": "radio-controlled boat\u2014which he dubbed \"teleautomaton\"\u2014to the public", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": "1898", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": "a trained monkey", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "1900", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": "Tesla", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": "Guglielmo", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": "1903, followed by a reverse decision in favor of Marconi in 1904. In 1943", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": "Supreme Court of the United States", "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": "15 June 1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": "Colorado Springs", "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": "17 May 1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": "five inches long", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": "atmospheric electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "stationary", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "lightning signals via his receivers. He stated that he observed stationary waves during this time. The great distances", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": "lightning", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": "lightning", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": "15 miles away in Cripple Creek", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": "100 feet of the lab", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": "blue halos of St. Elmo", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": "a power station generator, causing a power outage", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": "Electrical Experimenter", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": "high frequency currents", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": "windings", "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": "another planet", "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": "another planet", "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": "Mars. He expanded on the signals he heard in a 9 February 1901 Collier's Weekly article \"Talking With Planets", "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": "Mars", "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": "European experiments in July 1899", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": "new lighting system", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": "$100,000 for Tesla", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": "Colorado Springs experiments", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": "Tesla", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": "7 January 1900", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": "1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": "1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": "1904", "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "Wardenclyffe", "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications", "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": "wireless telecommunications facility", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": "Morgan", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": "Morgan", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": "more funds", "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": "improper synthesis", "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": "50 letters to Morgan, pleading for and demanding additional funding to complete the construction of Wardenclyffe", "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": "improper synthesis", "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": "187", "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "16,000 rpm bladeless turbine. During 1910\u20131911 at the Waterside Power Station in New York, several of his bladeless turbine engines", "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": "5", "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "1906", "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "200 horsepower (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine. During 1910\u20131911", "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "steam", "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "steam", "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "police", "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": "162\u2013164", "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": "a few weeks he could set the earth's crust", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": "electricity", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": "unconsciously with electricity", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": "William H. Maxwell", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "William", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": "overseas investors. After the war started, Tesla lost the funding he was receiving from his patents", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": "European countries", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": "Tesla", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": "European countries", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": "Edison Medal", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": "August 1917 edition of the magazine Electrical Experimenter", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": "tremendous frequency,\" with the signal being viewed on a fluorescent screen", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "modern radar", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": "Girardeau", "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": "Stockholm", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": "Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": "1915", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": "winner", "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": "245", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": "Tesla", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": "Edison", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": "1915", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": "U.S. Patent 1,655,114", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": "biplane", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": "less than $1,000", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": "turbine", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": "$125", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": "consulting fee", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": "1934", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": "bad publicity", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": "mechanical energy", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": "1935", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": "mechanical energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance, a related new means of communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits.", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": "Tesla", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "1935", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": "pigeons", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": "a doctor", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": "three of his ribs were broken", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": "window", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": "1937", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "teleforce", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": "Van de Graaff generator", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": "ground-based infantry", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": "death ray. Tesla described the weapon as capable of being used against ground-based infantry", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "death ray", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "death ray", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "1937", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": "Tesla", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": "high voltage", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "1937", "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": "particle beam weapons", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": "Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": "Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": "millions", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": "all war", "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": "negotiations", "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": "Tesla", "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": "empty-handed", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": "86", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": "7 January 1943", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": "Monaghan", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "do not disturb", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": "coronary thrombosis", "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": ".", "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": "John G. Trump", "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": "unfriendly hands", "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": "Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": "Fiorello La Guardia", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": "Louis Adamic live over the WNYC radio", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": "state funeral for Tesla at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": "Tesla", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": "Tesla", "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": "Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": "Sava Kosanovi\u0107", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": "United States", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": "the United States", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": "United States", "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": "26 countries", "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": "26", "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "United States, Britain, and Canada", "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": "archives", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": "8", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": "9", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": "9", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": "headwaiter", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": "10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": "8 to 10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": ".", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": "brain cells", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": "telepathy", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": ".", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": "one.", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": "pigeons", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": "000", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": "Tesla", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "the park", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": "Tesla", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": "142 pounds (64 kg), with almost no weight variance from 1888", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": "142 pounds (64 kg), with almost no weight variance from 1888", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "about 1926", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": "1888 to about 1926", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": "33", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": "blinding flashes of light", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "picture thinking", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": "blinding flashes of light", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": ":33", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": "card-playing", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": "48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.:43, 301", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": "Graz", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": "morning", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": "journalist", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": "chastity", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "33", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "33", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": "Dorothy Skerrit", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": "Robert Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": "social life", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": ".", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": "scientist or engineer", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": "Viereck", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": "middle age", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": "Twain", "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": "overweight people", "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "a secretary", "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": "weight", "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": "Tesla", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "electric charge", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": "physics in his writings; he disagreed with the theory of atoms", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": "19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\" that transmitted electrical energy", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\" that transmitted electrical energy", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "relativity", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "Tesla", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": "matter into energy.:247 He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": "own physical principle regarding matter and energy that he started working on in 1892", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": "1892", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": "idle speculations and false conceptions, as that of curved space", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": "age 81", "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "eugenics", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "humans' \"pity", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "belief that humans' \"pity", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "1937", "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": "Queen Bees", "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": "1926, Tesla commented on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": "Queen Bees", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "post-World", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "Science and Discovery", "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "printed article, \"Science and Discovery are the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War\" (20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "the League of Nations", "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": "Orthodox", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": "Buddhism", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": "both Buddhism", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": "War", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": "uncertain", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": "1937", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": "books and articles for magazines and journals", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": "magazines and journals", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": "David Hatcher Childress", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": "freely available on the web", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "Nikola Tesla", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": "several types of science fiction", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": ".", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": "several types of science fiction", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": "75th birthday", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": "Time magazine", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": "electrical power generation", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": "more than 70 pioneers in science and engineering, including Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": "Albert Einstein", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "inherent difficulty", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "computational problem", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "complexity", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "mathematical models of computation to study these problems and quantifying the amount of resources needed to solve them, such as time and storage", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "time and storage", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "the amount of communication", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "problem instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "input string", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "input string", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "instance is a particular input to the problem, and the solution", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "at most 2000", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": ".", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "computational problems and not particular problem instances", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "instance", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "the binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "binary notation", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "binary notation, and graphs can be encoded directly via their adjacency matrices", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "formal language", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "formal language", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "formal language", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "yes", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "an arbitrary graph", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "formal language", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "binary strings", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "decision problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": ".", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "decision problem", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "function problems", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "space required", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "the space required", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "instance", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "instance", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "time", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "worst-case time complexity T(n) is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "maximum time taken over all inputs of size n", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "n, then the algorithm is said to be a polynomial time algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "thought experiment", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "theoretical device that manipulates symbols", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "deterministic", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "rules", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "non-determinism", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-determinism", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "resources", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "memory consumption of these alternate models may vary. What all these models have in common is that the machines operate deterministically", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic Turing machine is a computational model", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "non-deterministic time", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "mathematical models", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "yes", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "their difficulty", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine is then denoted by DTIME", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "time and space", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity measure", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "any complexity measure", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "complexity theory", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "time and space are the most well-known complexity resources, any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource. Complexity measures", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "time complexity", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "O", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "time O(n2", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "most efficient algorithm", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "analysis of algorithms", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "proving lower bounds", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "problem", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "all possible algorithms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "big O notation one", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "definitions", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "complicated definitions", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "n) often yields complexity classes that depend on the chosen machine model", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quadratic time", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "linear time", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds thesis states that \"the time complexities in any two reasonable and general models of computation", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "complexity class P", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "classes", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "classes", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "BPP", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean circuits", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive proof systems. ALL", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "computation time", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "DTIME(n2", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "space hierarchy", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "proper hierarchy", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "more additional time or space", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "EXPTIME", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "strictly contained in PSPACE", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "another problem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "difficult", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Cook reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "log-space reductions", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "multiplication", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "polynomial-time reduction. This means that the reduction process takes polynomial time", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "square an integer", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "type of reduction being used", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "hard", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "any problem in C", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "complexity class", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "NP-complete problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": ".", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "NP", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "deterministic Turing machines", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": ".", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "Millennium", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "intermediate problems", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "complexity theory is whether the graph isomorphism problem is in P, NP-complete, or NP-intermediate", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "complexity theory", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "polynomial time", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "finite level", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": ".", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer. Phrased as a decision", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "decision problem, it is the problem of deciding whether the input has a factor less than k", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "several modern cryptographic systems, such as the RSA algorithm", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "sieve", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": ".", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "one class. Proving that any of these classes are unequal would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory.", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "complexity classes between P and PSPACE", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "co-NP is the class containing the complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": ".", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "equal to P", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes.", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "complexity classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "NL and NC", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "unusable", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "NP-complete problems", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger arithmetic", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "P", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "decision problem in Presburger arithmetic", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "sizes", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "decision problem in Presburger arithmetic", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "foundations", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "definition of Turing machines", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "computer", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "seminal paper \"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "1965", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "systematic studies in computational complexity is attributed to the seminal paper \"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "input encoding, one tries to keep the discussion abstract enough to be independent of the choice of encoding", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "Reducibility", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": "student learning, providing a course of study which is called the curriculum", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": "pedagogy", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "professional qualifications or credentials from a university or college", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": "lesson plan to facilitate student learning, providing a course of study which is called the curriculum", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": ".", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": "among cultures", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "numeracy", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": "literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "cultures", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": "Informal learning may be assisted by a teacher", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": "home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": "Informal learning", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": "home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": "home schooling", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "gurus", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": "Quran", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "gurus", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": "paid professionals", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "paid professionals", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "paid professionals", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": "formal teaching", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": "extracurricular activities", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": "extracurricular activities", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "some education systems", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": "Around the world many governments operate teacher's colleges", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": "Around the world many governments", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": "Around the world many governments", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": "practice", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": "teaching profession", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": "teachers", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": "professional misconduct", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": "publicly funded schools", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "members, conducting hearings into allegations of professional misconduct and taking appropriate disciplinary action and accrediting teacher education programs", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": "teacher's colleges", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": "tutor", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": "tutor", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": "school or academy", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": "tutor", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": "lesson plan", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": "pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": "field trips", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": "increasing use of technology", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "technology", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "skill", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "relevant authority", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": "learning disabilities", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "the relevant authority", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": "particular skills", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "self-study and problem solving", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "learning", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": "lazy, inspire the bored, deflate the cocky, encourage the timid", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": "self-study and problem solving", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": "secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": "secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": "subject specialists", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": "secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": "children", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "United States", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": "primary education", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": "primary education", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": "teachers who specialize in one subject and who tend to be more knowledgeable in that one area than a teacher who teaches many subjects", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "teachers", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "educational institutions", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": "two", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": "social networking support", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": "Co-teachers work in sync with one another to create a climate of learning", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": "social networking support that allows them to reach their full cognitive potential", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": "corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": "substitute parent", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": "school discipline was corporal punishment. While a child was in school, a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": "school discipline", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "substitute parent", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": "spanking", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": "paddling", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": "some others, have now banned it, but it remains lawful in the United States", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": "United States", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": "physical pain", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "South", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": "American schools", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": "others", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": "wooden paddle", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": "American schools is administered to the seat of the student's trousers or skirt with a specially made wooden paddle", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": "caning", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": "some Asian, African and Caribbean countries", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": ".", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": "schools", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": "schools in the United States", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": "lunch", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": "classroom", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": "lines", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": "assertive", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": "Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior and firm, clear boundaries", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": "clear boundaries", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": "inappropriate behavior", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": "respect their students; sarcasm", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": "some teachers and parents", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": "high standards of education", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": "the weakness in school discipline", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "more assertive and confrontational", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": "Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": "officially", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": "school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": "instruction", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": "disruptive students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": "disruptive students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": "motivated students, ignoring attention-seeking and disruptive students. The result of this is that motivated students", "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": "popularly based authority", "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": "dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike. They also claim that in these schools the preservation of public order", "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": "persuasion and negotiation", "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": "dictatorial authority", "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": "clear laws", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": "positive disposition towards the course content tend to transfer their passion to receptive students", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": "course evaluations", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": "rote", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": "enthusiastic teachers", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": "lecture material", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": "demonstrative gesturing, dramatic movements which are varied", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "intrinsic motivation of college students", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "college students", "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": "self-determined", "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": "teacher enthusiasm", "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "mere exposure", "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": "intrinsic motivation. Teacher enthusiasm may contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm which feed student interest and excitement in learning the subject matter. Enthusiastic teachers", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "academic success with personal achievement", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": "student-teacher relationships. Enthusiastic teachers are particularly good at creating beneficial relations with their students", "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "personal achievement", "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": "personal goals with his academic goals", "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "academic success with personal achievement", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": "effective teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": "friendly and supportive", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "supportive and effective teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "effective teachers", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "about teaching, enthusiasm about the students", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "enthusiastic", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "excitement in the student", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": "excitement in the student as well. An enthusiastic teacher", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "enthusiasm about the students", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "sexual misconduct", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "6%", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "courts", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "teachers", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": "teachers, especially sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "England", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": "teachers", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": ".", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": "two", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": ".", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": "teacher misconduct", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "the profession", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": "Women Teachers", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession. This has in some jurisdictions", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": "general secretary of National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "occupational stress", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "long hours", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "occupational stress", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": "occupational stress", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": "occupational stress", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": "42%", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": "A 2012", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "42% of UK teachers", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": "average workers", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": "average workers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": "teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": "Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": "Individual-level interventions", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": "Organizational interventions", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": "Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": "almost all countries teachers are educated in a university or college", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": "a recognized body before they can teach in a school", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": "elementary school education", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": "background check and psychiatric evaluation", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": "psychiatric evaluation", "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": "individual states and territories", "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": "primary education (primary schools", "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "primary education (primary schools", "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "secondary education (secondary schools/high schools) and tertiary education (universities and/or TAFE colleges", "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "three-tier", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": "Bachelor's Degree", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": "Bachelor of Education", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": "public school which is funded by the provincial government", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": "civil servants", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": "civil servants", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": "Grundschule", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": "index scale", "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": "Realschule", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": "Extra pay is also given for teaching through the Irish language", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": "\u20ac27", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": "\u20ac53,423", "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": "000", "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": "Teaching Council", "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": "Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": "Teaching Council", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": "Garda", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": "non-teaching posts", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": "Existing staff", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": "a voluntary role", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": "133", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": "extra responsibilities", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": "experience", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": "state schools must have at least a bachelor's degree", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": "2007", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": "alternative licensing programs", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": "teaching", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": "geographic area", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": "teaching", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": "hard-to-fill positions. Excellent job opportunities", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": "GTCS", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": "Teaching", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": "one of the seven Scottish", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": "graduates wishing to teach is to complete a programme of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) at one of the seven Scottish Universities", "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "Full Registration\" status after a year", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": "April 2008", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": "\u00a320,427", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": "Chartered Teacher Status", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": "Chartered Teacher Status", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": "trade unions", "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "Wales", "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "Welsh", "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "medium", "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "sole or main medium of instruction", "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "all age groups through nurseries, schools, colleges and universities", "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "trade unions", "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": "recent years suggest that the average age of teachers in Wales is falling with teachers being younger than in previous years", "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": "Welsh schools", "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "trade unions such as ATL, NUT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": "Welsh schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": "public schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": "public schools. Teaching certification generally lasts three years, but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years", "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": "a bachelor's degree", "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": "charter schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": "No Child Left Behind", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": "average teacher salaries have improved rapidly in recent years. US teachers are generally paid on graduated scales", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": "average teacher salaries", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": "experience", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": "elementary school teachers", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": "other teachers through the web in order to earn supplemental income", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": "all three major traditions", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": "spiritual formation", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": "Rome", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": "spiritual formation", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": "LDS Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": "trusted friend", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": "Protestantism", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": "husband and father of a family to provide spiritual guidance for all of his family, ideally in consultation with his wife", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": "the father of the house when in his home. Further, additional spiritual guidance is offered by those holding the office of Patriarch", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": "guru", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": "guru", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": "spiritual mentorship is extremely high, with gurus often exercising a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": "Hinduism the spiritual teacher is known as a guru, and, in many traditions of Hinduism", "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": "Lama", "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": "Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": "Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": "many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku", "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": "Tulku", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": "ulemas", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": "teachers in Islam, ranging from mullahs (the teachers at madrassas) to ulemas", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "Sufism", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": "Islam", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": "Qutb", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": ".", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": ".", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": "practices of the Late Medieval Catholic Church", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "Catholic Church. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": "1520", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": "eternal life", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": "faith", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": "the Pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God and opposed sacerdotalism", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": "Bible", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": "holy priesthood", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "Bible", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "Latin", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "Tyndale", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "Tyndale Bible. His hymns influenced the development of singing in churches", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "clerical marriage, allowing Protestant clergy", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": "1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": "Hans", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "Eisleben, Saxony, then part of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": "Catholic", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": "ambitious for himself and his family, and he was determined to see Martin, his eldest son, become a lawyer", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": "1501", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": "beerhouse", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": "four", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": ".", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": "1505", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": "law school at the same university that year but dropped out almost immediately, believing that law represented uncertainty", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": "law represented uncertainty", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": "law school at the same university that year", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": "Bartholomaeus Arnoldi von Usingen and Jodocus Trutfetter", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": "loving God", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": "his father he was terrified of death and divine judgment", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": ".", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "Erfurt", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": "One friend blamed the decision on Luther's sadness over the deaths of two friends", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": "furious over what he saw as a waste of Luther's education", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": "Augustinian order", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": "spiritual despair", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": "jailer and hangman of my poor soul", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": "Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": "true repentance does not involve self-inflicted penances and punishments but rather a change of heart", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": "1507", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": "1508, von Staupitz", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": "1508, von Staupitz, first dean of the newly founded University of Wittenberg, sent for Luther, to teach theology", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": "bachelor's degree in Biblical studies on 9 March 1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": "Biblical studies", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": "19 October 1512", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": "Bible", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": "Doctor in Bible", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": "University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": "Doctor of Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": "1516", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": "Johann", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": "Roman", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": "good works", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": "good works", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": "Albert of Mainz", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": "Albert of Mainz", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": "Theses", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": "Hans Hillerbrand", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": "Thesis 86", "56f80143aef2371900625d68": "Johann Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "Johann", "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "Luther", "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "heaven", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": ".", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": "forgiveness", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": "all punishments and granted them salvation were in error", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": "indulgences", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": "Christ", "56f8046faef2371900625d71": "Tetzel", "56f8046faef2371900625d72": "the dead", "56f8046faef2371900625d73": "the dead", "56f8046faef2371900625d74": "the time", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": "door", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": "door", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": "Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": "Philipp Melanchthon, though it is thought that he was not in Wittenberg", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": "history", "56f8074faef2371900625d79": "Latin", "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": "the printing press", "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": "German", "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": "two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months, they had spread throughout Europe.", "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": "two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months, they had spread throughout Europe.", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": "1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": "Students", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": "early", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": "1520", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": ".", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": "lectured", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": "Bible", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": "1510", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": "corrupt in its ways and had lost sight of what he saw as several of the central truths of Christianity", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": "justification", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "work of God", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": "1525", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": "a gift from God", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": "Smalcald Articles", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": "Romans 1:17) lives by faith", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "railing", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "two points", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": "salvation", "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": ".", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magdeburg", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": "Mainz and Magdeburg", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": "Rome", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": "95 Theses. He had the theses checked for heresy and in December 1517", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": "Magdeburg", "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": ".", "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": "Rome", "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "Cajetan", "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "Cajetan", "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "recant", "56f81393aef2371900625da9": "the Saxon", "56f81393aef2371900625daa": "Elector", "56f81393aef2371900625dab": "Johann Eck", "56f81393aef2371900625dac": "18", "56f81393aef2371900625dad": "Jan Hus", "56f81537aef2371900625db3": "15 June 1520", "56f81537aef2371900625db4": ".", "56f81537aef2371900625db5": "Theses", "56f81537aef2371900625db6": "Karl von Miltitz", "56f81537aef2371900625db7": "3 January 1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": "the secular authorities", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": "ordered before the Diet of Worms. This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": "Charles", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "Elector of Saxony", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Johann Eck", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": "Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": "contents", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": "next day", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": "their contents", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": "knight", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": "knight winning a bout", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": "Michael Mullett", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": ".", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": "I stand. I can do no other", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "er", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": "evidence for these words to be unreliable", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": "more dramatic", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "private conferences", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": "final draft of the Edict of Worms on 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": "The Emperor", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": "Worms", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": "kill", "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "Wittenberg", "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "masked horsemen", "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": "Eisenach", "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": "Testament from Greek", "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": "z", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": "a sin", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": "1521", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": "1521", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": "faith", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": "justice", "56f84485aef2371900625f71": "1521", "56f84485aef2371900625f72": "idolatry", "56f84485aef2371900625f73": "idolatry", "56f84485aef2371900625f74": "private confession and absolution", "56f84485aef2371900625f75": "Martin Luther on Monastic Vows. He assured monks and nuns that they could break their vows without sin", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": "1521", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": "1521", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": "1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": "1521", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": "antichrist", "56f84760aef2371900625f81": "Gabriel Zwilling, embarked on a radical programme of reform there in June 1521", "56f84760aef2371900625f82": "Gabriel", "56f84760aef2371900625f83": "June 1521, exceeding anything envisaged by Luther. The reforms provoked disturbances", "56f84760aef2371900625f84": "Christmas", "56f84760aef2371900625f85": "town council", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": "6 March 1522", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": ".", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": "Invocavit Sunday", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "Invocavit Sermons", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": "God's word rather than violence", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "immediate", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "Wittenberg jurist Jerome Schurf", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": ".", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "sixth sermon, the Wittenberg jurist Jerome", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "misguided", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": "public order", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": "conservative", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": "Zwickau prophets", "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": "social unrest and violence", "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": "social unrest and violence", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": "Zwickau prophet", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": "Nicholas Storch and Thomas M\u00fcntzer helped instigate the German Peasants' War", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": "1524\u201325", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": "upper classes", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": "upper classes in general", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": "temporal authorities", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": "Thuringia", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": "nobles", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": "monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries. In Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": "nobles", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": "three grounds", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": "secular government", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": "Romans 13:1\u20137 that all authorities are appointed by God and therefore should not be resisted", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "the Divine Right of Kings", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "death in body and soul", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": "secular powers", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": "Swabian League", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": "Swabian League", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": "Frankenhausen", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": "secular powers", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": "Katharina", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "herring barrels", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "26 years", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": "26 years", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "Martin", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": "witnesses", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": "Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": "wedding banquet", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": "church", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": "Bugenhagen", "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": "Melanchthon", "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": "Luther", "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": "Biblical grounds", "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": "Melanchthon", "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": "reckless", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": "monastery", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": "former monastery", "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": "Hans", "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "My Katie", "56f8575aaef2371900626001": "farming the land", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": "1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": "supervisory church body", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": "supervisory church body", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": "two catechisms", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": "a theology of the cross", "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": "extreme change", "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": "church", "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": "new territories", "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": "John the Steadfast", "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "the temporal sovereign", "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": "early 1526", "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": "simple people", "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": "early 1526. He did not intend it as a replacement for his 1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass", "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": "everything that smacks of sacrifice", "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": "freedom of ceremony", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": "1527", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": "Electorate of Saxony", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": "pastoral care and Christian education in the territory", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": "all of Christian doctrine", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": "well-nigh unskilled and incapable of teaching", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": "catechism", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": "1529", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": "1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": "1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": "questions and answers", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": "Will and the Catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "Bible", "56f86966aef2371900626053": "pastors", "56f86966aef2371900626054": "Catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626055": "Small", "56f86966aef2371900626056": ".", "56f86966aef2371900626057": "Father", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": "1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": "Bible", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": "He continued to work on refining the translation", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "\"alone\" after \"faith", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": "Faith alone justifies us, and not works", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": "German", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "everyday", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": "everyday Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "everyday", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": "everyday Germans, \"for we are removing impediments and difficulties", "56f86e91aef2371900626067": "German-language publications, Luther's version", "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "Bible translation", "56f86e91aef2371900626069": "Bible translation. As such, it made a significant contribution to the evolution of the German language and literature", "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "Lucas Cranach", "56f86e91aef237190062606b": "other vernacular translations, such as William Tyndale", "56f87000aef2371900626071": "hymn-writer", "56f87000aef2371900626072": "German hymns", "56f87000aef2371900626073": "German hymns", "56f87000aef2371900626074": "German hymns in connection with worship, school, home, and the public arena. He often accompanied the sung hymns with a lute", "56f87000aef2371900626075": "waldzither", "56f8720eaef237190062608f": ".", "56f8720eaef2371900626090": "first individuals", "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "hymn", "56f8720eaef2371900626092": "John C. Messenger", "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "John C. Messenger's translation", "56f87392aef2371900626099": "1524 creedal hymn \"Wir glauben all an einen Gott\" (\"We All Believe in One True God", "56f87392aef237190062609a": "three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed in the Small Catechism", "56f87392aef237190062609b": "Catechism", "56f87392aef237190062609c": "German", "56f87392aef237190062609d": "20th-century Lutherans rarely use the hymn because of the perceived difficulty of its tune", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": "1538", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": "Small Catechism", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": "liturgical setting of the Lord's Prayer and as a means of examining candidates on specific catechism questions", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": "revisions", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "tune", "56f87760aef23719006260cc": "1523", "56f87760aef23719006260cd": "grace alone", "56f87760aef23719006260ce": "German worship", "56f87760aef23719006260cf": "Achtliederbuch", "56f87760aef23719006260d0": "essential Reformation doctrine", "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "funeral", "56f879bdaef23719006260df": "Hauptlied) for Advent", "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "Advent", "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "two", "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "Deum", "56f87e95aef237190062610a": "1541 hymn \"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam\" (\"To Jordan came the Christ our Lord", "56f87e95aef237190062610b": "Johann Walter tune associated with a hymnic setting of Psalm 67's prayer for grace", "56f87e95aef237190062610c": "prayer for grace", "56f87e95aef237190062610d": "Halle in 1541. Preachers and composers of the 18th century, including J. S. Bach", "56f87e95aef237190062610e": "Halle", "56f88025aef237190062611e": "early Lutheran hymnals", "56f88025aef237190062611f": "eight", "56f88025aef2371900626120": "26", "56f88025aef2371900626121": "1524", "56f88025aef2371900626122": "24", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": "composers to write music", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": "Johann Sebastian Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "1707", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "Johann Sebastian", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": "hymns", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "false doctrine", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": "torments", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": "Purgatory", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": "torments for the saints", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": "saints as currently residing \"in their graves and in heaven", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": "Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": "Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": "Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "Johann Gerhard. Lessing (1755) had earlier reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": "Genesis", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": "Francis Blackburne", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": "Francis Blackburne in 1765", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": "Gottfried Fritschel pointed out in 1867", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": "Gottfried", "56f88c37aef2371900626176": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f88c37aef2371900626177": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f88c37aef2371900626178": "assembly of German and Swiss theologians at the Marburg Colloquy, to establish doctrinal unity", "56f88c37aef2371900626179": "fourteen points out of fifteen", "56f88c37aef237190062617a": "fourteen points out of fifteen", "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "Zwingli", "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ in the consecrated bread and wine, which he called the sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "sacramental union", "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "confrontational", "56f8907faef23719006261b2": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b3": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b4": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b5": "Swiss cities", "56f8907faef23719006261b6": "Protestant nobles", "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": "reason, and held them in dialectical partnership", "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": "reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": "faith", "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": "reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": "separate spheres of knowledge", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": "Jesus Christ", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": "large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": "Jews, writing against them with the kind of venom", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": ".", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": "Lies", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": "God", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": "God", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": "non-religious", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": "papacy, and the Roman Church", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": "non-religious", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": "Latin translation", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": "1542", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": "the devil", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": "publication of the Qur'an, wanting it exposed to scrutiny", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "Ten Commandments), revealed God's wrath to Christians", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": "Agricola", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": "city hall", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": "other writings", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": "six series of theses", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": "law", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": "work sorrow over sin in man's heart", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": "sin", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": "Christians", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": "holy people", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": "natural law", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": "Commandments", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "third", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": "an example", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": "Ten Commandments", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": "baptism", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": "renewed life", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": "renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": "bigamy", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": "Landgrave of Hesse", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": "landgrave himself", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": "lasting", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": "local community that had expelled Jews some ninety", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": "Jews", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": "theological and cultural tradition which saw Jews as a rejected people guilty of the murder of Christ", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": "Jesus", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": "1523", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": "den Juden und Ihren L\u00fcgen (On the Jews and Their Lies", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": "1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": "1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "chosen people", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": ".", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": "Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": "1537", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": "1537", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": "anti-Jewish works", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": "1580s", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Luther", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": "anti-Jewish rhetoric", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "anti-Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "Luther", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": "Julius Streicher, editor of the Nazi newspaper", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": "17 December 1941", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": "preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": "Diarmaid MacCulloch", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": "Germany", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": "in", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": "opportunistic", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": "Biographer", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": "anti-Semitism and thus provided material for the modern hatred of the Jews", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": "the 18th and 19th centuries", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": ".", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": "standard Christian suspicion of Judaism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": "Paul Rose", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "discourse", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": "Nazi Germany (2012", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": "publications", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": "book Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531\u201346 (1983", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": "state of mind", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "vulgarity and violence\" for effect", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "vulgarity and violence\" for effect", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531\u201346 (1983", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "the 1980s", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": "Strommen et al.'s 1970", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": "Germany", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": "1928-1933", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": "1546", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": "bigamy", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": "angina", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": "1531 to 1546", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": "angina", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": "poor physical health", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": ".", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": "poor physical health made him short-tempered and even harsher in his writings and comments", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": "wife Katharina", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": ".", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": "Eisleben", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": "6", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": "Eisleben", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": ".", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": ".", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": "Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": "Count Albrecht", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": "late 1545", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "early 1546", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": "copper mining trade", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": "17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": "chest pains", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": ".", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "common prayer of the dying", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": "hot towels", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": "apoplectic stroke", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": "18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": "Wittenberg", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": "Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "his last statement", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": "Latin", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "Latin", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": "printed", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": "frail", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "monumental size", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": "medieval religious orders", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size were crucial to the spread of Protestantism", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": "18", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": "Lutheran Calendar of Saints", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": "Saints", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": "18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": "18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "based on demographics", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "economic center", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic ties: Imperial", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "historical political divisions", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "greater", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "expansive", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Las Vegas, Nevada", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "60 percent of California's population", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "Orange counties", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": ".", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "Inland Empire", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "United States border", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "southern California", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Los Angeles", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "United States", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "state", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "15", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "state", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles, is also a name associated with the motion picture industry", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "southern California", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "20th Century Fox", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "home grown surf and skateboard", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Tony Hawk, professional surfers Rob Machado", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Oahu", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Los Angeles to Hawaii", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "popular beaches", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "the desert city", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "open spaces", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Los Angeles", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "free state", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "a free state", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "pro-slavery southerners", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "\"Cow Counties", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "territorial status", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Milton Latham", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1999", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "northern, central, and southern California regions", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "Tehachapis", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "southern", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "United States", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": ".", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "use of automobiles and highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "international metropolitan", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Pendleton", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Inland Empire", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "United States Census Bureau", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange Counties", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "non-desert portions) were developed in the 1980s and 1990s", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "rain", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90-60", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "very rare in the Southwest of the state", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90-60", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "Southern California consists of one of the more varied collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "geologic, topographic", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Peninsular", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "Transverse and Peninsular Ranges with their peaks, into the large and small interior valleys", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "about 10", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "about 10,000 earthquakes", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "magnitude 6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake was particularly destructive", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "magnitude 6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "$20 billion", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "magnitude 6.7+ earthquake", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "Puente Hills Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "USGS", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "economically", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "many tourist destinations", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "United States", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0% in the 2000s", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7886": "northern part of the state due to a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "Metropolitan", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "five million in population", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million in population", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern Border Region", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "five million in population. These are the Greater Los Angeles Area at 17,786,419", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "States", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "San Diego", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "twelve cities with more than 200,000 residents and 34 cities over 100,000 in population", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "200,000 residents and 34 cities over 100,000", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "Riverside", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "abundance of petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse and one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "2007", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "the 1920s", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "1920s", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "aerospace", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "major business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Central business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Downtown Los Angeles", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "Los Angeles", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Downtown Burbank", "57060cc352bb891400689810": "San Fernando Valley", "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Century", "57060df252bb891400689820": "business districts", "57060df252bb891400689821": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside", "57060df252bb891400689822": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Santa Ana", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "Irvine", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "West", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "Downtown Santa Ana", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Downtown", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "North County", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Northern", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "passenger volume", "570610b275f01819005e792b": "passenger volume", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "United States", "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Nuys Airport", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "commuter rail system, Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Orange, and San Diego counties", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "the Port of Los Angeles", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "San Diego", "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern", "5706139252bb891400689864": "Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689865": "Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689866": "Chapman University", "5706139252bb891400689867": "State University", "5706139252bb891400689868": "private institutions such as the California Institute of Technology", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "NFL", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "N", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "MLB", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "MLB", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689880": "Chivas", "5706149552bb891400689881": "Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689882": "Chivas", "5706149552bb891400689883": "Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA \u2014 that both played at the StubHub Center", "5706149552bb891400689884": "second MLS team scheduled to return in 2018", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "sports", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "NCAA Division I in the Pac-12", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "Bruins", "5706155352bb891400689894": "high school level", "5706155352bb891400689895": "high school", "5706155352bb891400689896": "southern California, particularly at the high school level", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90.04% interest in Sky Deutschland", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "Sky UK Limited", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "Sky UK Limited", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "Irish broadcaster", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "two", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Sky", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": ".", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "competitor", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "Sky News", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three, and Sky Sports News", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Sky Three", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "Sky+ and subscribe to any BSkyB subscription package get Sky+", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "Sky+ at women", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "extra charge. Customers that do not subscribe to BSkyB's channels can still pay a monthly fee", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "January 2010", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "2010", "57094d489928a8140047150a": "NDS", "57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS, a Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Sky+", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "Sky channels on cable TV. The failure to renew the existing carriage agreements negotiated with NTL and Telewest resulted in Virgin Media removing the basic", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "1 March 2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "Virgin Media", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "new deal offered \"substantially more value\" by including HD channels", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "Sky\" trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "July 2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "service", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "OneDrive\" and \"SkyDrive Pro\" becomes \"OneDrive for Business", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "four channels formerly available free-to-air, broadcasting on Astra", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "27 September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "3.5 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British Sky Broadcasting", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview in April 2007", "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub", "57096505ed30961900e84083": "satellite feeds", "57096505ed30961900e84084": "Power-line connection rather than receive their own satellite feeds", "57096505ed30961900e84085": "Sky will introduce later in 2016", "57096505ed30961900e84086": "Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "MPEG-2", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "optional Dolby Digital soundtracks for recent films", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "OpenTV system", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "Sky+ HD material is broadcast using MPEG-4", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Sky", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "Sky", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "Sky+ HD", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000 customers had yet to receive the service due to failed deliveries. On 31 March 2012, Sky", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "31 March 2012", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "day after Setanta Sports confirmed that it would launch in March as a subscription service on the digital terrestrial platform", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "subscription service", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "Premier League Football", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "unencrypted, some are encrypted but do not require a monthly subscription (known as free-to-view", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "monthly subscription", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "Unofficial CAMs", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "satellite constellation", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "the Sky service", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "Premier League", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a334m per year", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "BBC", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "open access", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "28\u00b0 East", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "open access", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "picture quality", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "carriage issues", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "name Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Sky Active", "57097051ed30961900e84135": "Sky Active", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "over 100", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "modest selection of HD content", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "linear HD channel, BBC HD", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "25m people", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "25m people", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "Media commentators had debated whether the figure could be reached as the growth", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "Welfare Cash Card", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "December", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "Daily Mail newspaper reported in 2012 that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants' \"Sky TV bills", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "claimants", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "both BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "highly diversified", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "GSP) is ranked second in Australia, although Victoria is ranked fourth in terms of GSP per capita", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "Australia, although Victoria is ranked fourth in terms of GSP per capita because of its limited mining activity", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Chinese miners", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "new multi", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight electorates with each electorate represented by five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "Single Transferable Vote", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "four years", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "four years", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Traditionally, Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Traditionally, Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "Traditionally, Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "Victoria", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "regional cities of Ballarat", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "About 61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "About 61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "168", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "168", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "Vic", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "Vic", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "Vic", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": ".", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "1803 at Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "hay", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "oats. A further 6,000 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi) is sown for hay", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "2", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90% of Australian pears and third of apples", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "121", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "the 1855 colonial constitution", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "the Parliament of Victoria", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "Parliament", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "Victoria", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F) during summer and 15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F) in winter", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "upper Wimmera", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "Hopetoun", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "state", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "extra costs", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "government-set curriculum", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "base", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "Holden", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "October 2016", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "Broadmeadows and Geelong", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Ford, Toyota and Holden", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "snow-covered", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "highest peak", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "river", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "symbols", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "Alps", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "coldest part of Victoria", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east-west", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "Average temperatures are less than 9 \u00b0C", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "Omeo", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "V/Line which is now owned by the Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Metro Trains Melbourne which runs an extensive, electrified, passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "concentrated service to major regional centres", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "freight services", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "extensive, electrified, passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "12 seats in the Australian Senate", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "Australian House of Representatives", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly (the lower house) and the Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Assembly (the lower house) and the Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "new Colony", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "Bendigo", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "Ballarat", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "76,000 to 540,000", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "million ounces of gold", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548 public schools, 489 Catholic schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "2010", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "under 540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "519", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "60% of Australia's 3 million dairy cattle", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Blacklipped abalone is the mainstay of the catch, bringing in A$46 million, followed by southern rock lobster", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "interstate trunk routes", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "760 mm", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge lines, which are the remnants of five formerly government-owned lines which were built in mountainous areas", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales and a western half named New Holland, under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New South Wales and a western half named New Holland, under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "Victoria", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "British troops", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "mining taxes (the \"Eureka Stockade\"). This was crushed by British troops", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "the hated mining licence fees", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "cabinet", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "cabinet", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "Premier", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "small horticultural outfits", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "small horticultural outfits to large-scale livestock and grain productions. A quarter of farmland is used to grow consumable crops", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "SurfClassic", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "1562", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "1598. The wars finally ended with the granting of the Edict of Nantes", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "1562", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "France", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "German Eidgenosse", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "Huguenot", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "Huguenot", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "the Reformed church", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "1487", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "Edict", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "1598", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "9", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "1687", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1700", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "dam", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "New Amsterdam", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Brooklyn", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "descent", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "slave owners", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons in France", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "British Crown", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "North America", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "King of England", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Dutch Republic", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "Republic", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Louis XIV", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "roughly 500", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "militia", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "political", "57108073b654c5140001f927": "southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "royal authority", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "Protestants", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Nantes. His successor Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "2%", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "one million", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "Alsace", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "Alsace", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Paltz", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "Island", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "Island", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "Dutch Republic", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 clergy", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "2 million", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Nantes", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Huguon", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "Huguon", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "King Hugo, was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "night", "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Canterbury", "571090abb654c5140001f996": "Weavers", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "Walloons", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Canterbury", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830. (It has been adapted as a restaurant", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Portarlington", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "main", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "High Sheriff", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "1759-60", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "1759-60", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759-60", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "1598, when Henry of Navarre", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "Nantes", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "new Protestant churches", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Protestantism", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "Catholics", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "emigration. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "new converts", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "New York and Virginia", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "France", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "1555", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "1555 to found France Antarctique", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560 by the Portuguese", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "death sentence", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "wine", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "French names", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "Huguenot", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Jack Jouett", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Henry Laurens", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church in Virginia as an historic shrine with occasional services", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "'Bucks Point", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "widows who settled in Dover, and there is no contemporary documentation", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "church services for nearly a century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "Napoleon", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Fredericia", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Frederick William", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": ".", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "the Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "French naval", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "Island", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Virginia", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown. Of the original 390", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "148", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "Spain", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Orange-Nassau", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Ireland", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie (born Andr\u00e9 Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "the Pope", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Dublin", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "Irish linen industry", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "1604", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "United States in the 1890s", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "Palatinate", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant European", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "European nations", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Dutch Cape Colony", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "Huguenot", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet, king of France", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues hypothesis", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "France", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "triple non-French linguistic origins, arguing that for the word to have spread into common use in France", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "William Farel", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "Nearly 3", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "17 September", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "1643", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "1643", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "1643", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": ".", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Episcopal Church", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "North", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "married", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "families", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "surnames for their children", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Eleutherian gunpowder mills", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": ".", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "Congress", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Nicolas", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "Germany", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Potsdam", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Elector of Brandenburg", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "William", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "iam", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Fontane", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Luftwaffe General and fighter ace Adolf Galland", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "the Interior", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "high pressure", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "steam within a boiler", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion engines", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "Papin", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "United Kingdom and, on 21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": ".", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "Utility", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "steam jet", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "lower-pressure boiler feed water", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "some marine triple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "late 19th century, the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing 'system' was used on some marine triple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Corliss", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Corliss", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "rubbing surfaces of the valve in such a way as to overlap the port on the admission side", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "significantly", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "steam escapes", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "dampening the fire", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "1883", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "Industrial Revolution", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek mathematician", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "especially in shipping", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "internal combustion engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "shipping", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "steam turbines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "large ships", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred horsepower", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90% of the electric power is produced in this way using a variety of heat sources", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electric power", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "nuclear reactor", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "reactor", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "model", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "180\u00b0", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "crank", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "two piston strokes", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four events \u2013 admission, expansion, exhaust, compression", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "expansion", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "Quasiturbine", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow cycle", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "port uncovered by the piston", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "oscillating cylinder steam engine is a variant of the simple expansion steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "models", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "toys and models, because of their simplicity, but have also been used in full size working engines, mainly on ships", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "exhaust steam", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "open loop\" system, where the exhaust steam is directly released to the atmosphere, and a separate source of water", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "water feeding the boiler is supplied. Normally water", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "the working fluid", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "steam turbines, turbine entry temperatures are typically 565 \u00b0C (the creep limit of stainless steel", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "565 \u00b0C", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "road", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "stations", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "land available for cultivation", "571153422419e3140095557d": "ca", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray", "571153422419e31400955580": "Middleton Railway", "571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "high-pressure compound engine", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "cylinder heating and cooling, increasing the efficiency of the engine", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "lower-pressure steam", "571154c72419e31400955587": "80", "571154c72419e31400955588": "reduction gearing", "571154c72419e31400955589": "reciprocating Diesel engines, and gas turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "steam turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "work", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "the 1990s", "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Macquorn Rankine", "571156152419e3140095559b": "energy efficiency was its \"duty", "571156152419e3140095559f": "7 million", "571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million", "571156152419e3140095559d": "number of foot-pounds of work", "571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "steam turbines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "electric motors", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump, developed in 1698 by Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698 by Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "1698 by Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "1800 Richard Trevithick", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "engines using high-pressure steam", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "high-pressure", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "4 kg", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "an automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "an automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "dry", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "James", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788 after Watt\u2019s partner Boulton", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "set speed", "57115e532419e314009555af": "industrial units, for road engines", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "industrial units, for road engines", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "Britain", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1880", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "Britain", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "cutoff", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "kick back", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed length", "57115f652419e314009555b9": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish inventor Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtained the first patent for a steam engine", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698 Thomas", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "atmospheric engine", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "static discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600 revolutions per minute (RPM) in the USA with 60 Hertz power", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "boilers", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "cogeneration processes", "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": "valve gear", "571161092419e314009555d9": "thermal expansion", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "James Watt developed (1763\u20131775", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "James", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "coal", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "condensing steam", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two independent", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "plug valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "spring-loaded", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "a seal", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "engine drivers, leading to many accidents when a driver fastened the valve down to allow greater steam pressure and more power from the engine", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "Corliss steam engine", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "30% less steam", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford", "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic", "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt", "571163172419e314009555e9": "experimental measurements made by Watt on a model steam engine led to the development of the separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "others", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "liquid phase", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "an injector", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "supply bin", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "dreadnought battleships", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "dreadnought battleships", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", "571166352419e314009555f1": "steam", "571166352419e314009555f2": "electric motors", "571166352419e314009555f3": "an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f4": "electric motors", "571166352419e314009555f5": "steam turbine railroad locomotives were manufactured", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "condenser", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "heat addition (in the boiler) and rejection (in the condenser) are isobaric (constant pressure) processes", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "pressurize the working fluid which is received from the condenser as a liquid not as a gas", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "O and atomic number 8", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "helium", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen", "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": "8%", "571bb2269499d21900609caa": "oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide", "571bb2269499d21900609cab": "O and atomic number 8", "571bb2269499d21900609cad": "global downward trend, because of fossil-fuel burning", "571bb2269499d21900609cac": "helium", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "O and atomic number 8", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "helium", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "ultraviolet radiation", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen as it is a part of water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "oxygen as it is a part of water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "cellular respiration", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "ozone", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "part of air", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1679", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "air is necessary for combustion", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "John Mayow (1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "English chemist John Mayow", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Air", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "British", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide (HgO) inside a glass tube", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "Air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1774", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "Air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "dephlogisticated air", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Many centuries later Leonardo da Vinci", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": ".", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Philo", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "mechanics", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "ignition event, such as heat or a spark", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "Oxygen", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "oxygen with a high oxidative potential", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "oxidant", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "ignition event", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "Fire and explosion hazards exist when concentrated oxidants and fuels", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "Oxygen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "launch pad test", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": ".", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": ".", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": ".", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "O\n2", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "2", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "special training", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "launch pad test", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "quartz", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide (CO\n2", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide (CO\n2", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "Earth's crustal rock", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "various complex silicates", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "John", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "water's formula was HO", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "non-combustible substances that corrode, such as iron", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "Air", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "phlogiston", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "level of theory, but is reasonably and simply described as a covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "Aufbau", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "the filling of molecular orbitals", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "Uppsala", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "Wiltshire", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "Antoine", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "filled \u03c0", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "paired electron spins; this prevents spontaneous combustion", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "most organic molecules", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "tin and air were heated in a closed container. He noted that air rushed in when he opened the container, which indicated that part of the trapped air", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "weight when tin and air were heated in a closed container", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "upper atmosphere", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Since ozone absorbs strongly in the UV region of the spectrum", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "O\n2. It is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "major part of the Earth's atmosphere (see Occurrence", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "complex forms of life, such as animals", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "cellular respiration", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "Scottish chemist James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "James", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "first commercially viable process", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "air", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "oxygen in water is temperature-dependent", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "freshwater", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "14.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121) dissolves at 0 \u00b0C", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "about twice as much (14.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121) dissolves at 0 \u00b0C than at 20 \u00b0C", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "most abundant chemical element by mass in the Earth's biosphere, air, sea and land", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "helium", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "About 0.9%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "8% by mass). Oxygen gas is the second most common component of the Earth's atmosphere", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "Oxygen gas", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "late 19th", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "oxygen", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "1877", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "drops", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "Earth, the Moon, Mars, and meteorites, but were long unable to obtain reference values for the isotope ratios in the Sun", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16 than does the Earth", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Genesis", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "unknown process", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "unknown process depleted oxygen-16", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists also directly measure this ratio in the water molecules of ice core samples", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "ice core samples", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "oxygen-16, evaporate at a slightly faster rate than water molecules containing the 12% heavier oxygen-18", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "oxygen-18", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "16", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "plant health status from a satellite platform", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "paramagnetic", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "O\n2 molecules are paramagnetic. That is, they impart magnetic character to oxygen when it is in the presence of a magnetic field", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "magnetic", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "a magnet", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "dangerous by-products of oxygen use in organisms. Parts of the immune system of higher organisms create peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "oxygen use in organisms. Parts of the immune system of higher organisms create peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "hypersensitive response of plants against pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic organisms", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "O\n2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere about 2.5 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "liquid O\n2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquefied air", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "liquid nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "liquid nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "combustible materials", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "O\n2", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "O\n2 at lower temperatures", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "ocean life, as polar oceans support a much higher density of life due to their higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "eutrophication", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "s biochemical oxygen demand", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "archaea and bacteria", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "dissolved iron in the oceans to form banded iron formations", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "free", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen into the atmosphere, while respiration and decay", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "flow", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "O\n2 gas", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "O\n2 gas involves passing a stream of clean, dry air", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "Oxygen gas is increasingly obtained by these non-cryogenic technologies", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "zeolite molecular sieves, which absorbs the nitrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "acidified water", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "acidified water", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "high pressure", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "chemical oxygen generators or oxygen candles", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "supposed mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use in oxygen bars and in sports", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "placebo", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "performance", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "placebo effect", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "gas gangrene", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "many types of diseased lungs, easing work load on the heart", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation is used in medicine. Treatment not only increases oxygen levels in the patient's blood", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "O\n2 from the air is the essential purpose of respiration, so oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "medicine", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity, oxygen forms chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "FeO", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "corrosion", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "depressurization", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "O\n2", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "exothermic", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "steady stream of oxygen gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "high pressure", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "smaller cylinders containing the compressed gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "oxygen is often transported in bulk as a liquid in specially insulated tankers", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "compressed gas", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "outside hospitals and other institutions with a need for large volumes of pure oxygen gas", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "organic solvents", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "oxygen", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "feeder materials", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "three atoms", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "organic solvents", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "almost all biomolecules that are important to (or generated by) life", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "almost all biomolecules that are important to (or generated by) life", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "calcium phosphate", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "Acute oxygen toxicity (causing seizures", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "O\n2 partial pressures greater than 160 kPa", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "seizures", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "O\n2", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "O\n2 partial pressure in the breathing gas", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "O\n2 partial pressure", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "2", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "O\n2 partial pressure", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "2", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa), equal to about 50% oxygen composition at standard pressure", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "oxygen masks", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "50% O\n2 by volume", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "$12 globally", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "shock", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "OAPEC", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "foreign policy", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "multilateral", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "1974", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "market demand", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "dollar", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "OPEC", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "OPEC", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "After 1971", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "gold", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "1971", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "Weeks later", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "October 16, 1973, OPEC raised the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "OPEC", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "five percent", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "Nixon requested Congress to appropriate $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel, including $1.5 billion in outright grants", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "principal hostile country", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Wahhabism", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "Middle East", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "aid", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "excessive inflation", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "US than oil", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "equality between both parties prior to 1973", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "dominance", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "many industries, such as automobiles", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "rugged terrain", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "ten years", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "Netherlands", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "America", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "government supported the Israelis", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "1967 borders", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "UK", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "1973\u201374 became a major factor in the change of government", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "coal miners and railroad workers", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "The UK, Germany, Italy, Switzerland", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "old oil\" (that which had already been discovered) while allowing newly discovered oil to be sold at a higher price to encourage investment", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "the Federal Energy Office", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "American Automobile Association", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "55 mph", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "1974", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "1974", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "1995", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "nuclear power", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "single-shot solutions that ignore market and technology realities", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "congresses and presidents", "57265200708984140094c237": "late 1973", "57265200708984140094c238": "British Prime Minister Edward Heath", "57265200708984140094c239": "American occupation would need to last 10 years", "57265200708984140094c23a": "American occupation would need to last 10 years", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "1973", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi arms purchases from the US", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "January 1979", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "large", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "American V8", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "four cylinder engines that were more fuel efficient than the typical American V8 and six cylinder engines", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "unibody construction and front-wheel drive", "572659535951b619008f703f": "luxury divisions", "572659535951b619008f7040": "Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida", "572659535951b619008f7041": ".", "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus and Infiniti", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Hilux", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "GM", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import policy", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "General Motors", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four-cylinder engines", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "Mercury Marquis", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "mid-1970s", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1977, GM's full-sized cars reflected the crisis. By 1979", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "the 1981", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "downsize", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "other countries", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "1979 energy crisis at nearly $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "market share", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel", "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": "one-man Project Mercury", "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "1968", "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "Mercury", "5725b41838643c19005acb83": "two-man Project Gemini", "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "Gemini", "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "Gemini missions", "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "Soviet Union", "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "Skylab", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "prelaunch test", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew during a prelaunch test", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": "Budget cuts", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": "Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": ".", "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "Apollo 8", "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": "ninth manned mission beyond low Earth orbit", "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "842 pounds (382 kg) of lunar rocks and soil to Earth", "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": "many areas of technology incidental to rocketry and manned spaceflight", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": "Earth orbital mission", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": "three astronauts", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": "Silverstein", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": "Mercury", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": "Mercury", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": "July 1960", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": "Maxime Faget", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": "General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric", "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": "L. Dryden", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": "John F. Kennedy", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": "the Soviet Union", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": "massive financial commitment required by a manned Moon landing", "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": "E. Webb", "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": "missile defense", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": "Gagarin", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": "Gagarin", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": "Science and Astronautics", "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": "Kennedy", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": "space program", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": "Johnson", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": "20", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": "20", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": "Gilruth", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": "Gilruth", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": "MSC", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": "Rice", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": "Florida", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": "LOC) immediately north of Canaveral at Merritt Island", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": "Kurt H. Debus", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": "first Director", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": "Kennedy", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "one of several launch pads. Although at least three pads were planned, only two, designated A and B, were completed in October 1965", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": "Apollo", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "two vacuum chambers capable of simulating atmospheric pressure", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "130 million cubic foot (3.7 million cubic meter) Vertical Assembly Building (VAB", "5725c123271a42140099d131": "Mueller", "5725c123271a42140099d132": "Manned Space Flight", "5725c123271a42140099d133": "Manned Space Flight, to replace then Associate Administrator D. Brainerd Holmes", "5725c123271a42140099d134": "Launch Operations Center (Debus) effectively reported to Mueller", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": "Air Force missile projects", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": "United States Air Force", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": "Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": "January 1964", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": "General", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": "direct ascent was generally the mission mode in favor at NASA. Many engineers feared that a rendezvous", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": "early 1961", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": "Robert Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d185": "Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d186": "ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961", "5725c604271a42140099d187": "the Manned Spacecraft Center", "5725c604271a42140099d188": "Joseph Shea", "5725c604271a42140099d189": "mission mode", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": "Jerome Wiesner", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": "Golovin", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": "monitor", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": "Webb", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": "von Braun", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": "no good", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "Lunar Excursion Module", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": "Grumman", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": "lifeboat", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": "13", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": "electrical power and life support", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": "MSC study concluded, \"The LM [as lifeboat", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": "Maxime Faget's preliminary Apollo design employed a cone", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": "Command/Service Module", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": "Lunar Excursion Module (LEM", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": "conical crew cabin", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "Command Module (CM) was the conical crew cabin", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": "heat shield", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": "Parachutes", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "Command Module", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": "cylindrical Service Module", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": "high-gain S-band antenna", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": "Command Module", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": "lunar flight version weighed approximately 51,300 pounds (23,300 kg) fully fueled", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": "an orbital scientific instrument package", "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": "Aviation", "5725cda338643c19005acd40": "about twice", "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "1964", "5725cda338643c19005acd42": "Saturn V", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "Command Module", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "Command Module", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": "approximately 33,300 pounds", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": "34 hours", "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": "Braun", "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": "the Army", "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": "lunar orbit rendezvous", "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "dummy upper stages filled with water", "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": "-101 through AS-105) into orbit in 1964 and 1965", "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": "-101 through AS-105) into orbit in 1964 and 1965", "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": "translunar environment by measuring the frequency and severity of micrometeorite impacts", "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "Saturn IB", "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "S-IV", "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": "third stage", "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": "40,000 pounds (18,100 kg) into low Earth orbit", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": "Saturn V", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": "363 feet (110.6 m) tall", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": "three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": "liquid hydrogen", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "Gemini veterans", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups", "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "Schmitt", "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "Apollo 17", "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "Moon", "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": "32", "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": "the Distinguished Service Medal", "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": "posthumously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee in 1969", "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "Exceptional Service Medal", "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "Apollo 8", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": "Saturn IB", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": "February 26", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "August 25", "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": "Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": "unmanned LM", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": "Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207/208", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": "visor helmet", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": "lunar surface EVA suit", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": "Command Module Pilot (CMP) and Lunar Module Pilot", "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "January 1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": "grounded Mercury astronaut", "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": "January 1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "Grissom", "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": "AS-258", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": "August 1967", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "August 1967", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "Apollo 1 backup crew.", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": "Phillips", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "program director Samuel Phillips to head a \"tiger team", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": "1967", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": "program director Samuel Phillips to head a \"tiger team\" to investigate North American's problems and identify corrections", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "flight Apollo 1 as a motivational focus on the first manned flight. They trained and conducted tests of their spacecraft at North American", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "January", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "altitude chamber", "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": "strange odor in their spacesuits, which delayed the sealing of the hatch", "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": "1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": "strange odor in their spacesuits, which delayed the sealing of the hatch", "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": "problems", "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": "high pressure, 100% oxygen", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "Webb", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "Command Module design, workmanship and quality control.\" At the insistence of NASA Administrator Webb", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": "George Low", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "Congress", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": "nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen before and during launch", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": "space suit materials", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": "outward opening door", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": "fire", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": "modified", "5725df1838643c19005ace15": "mission types", "5725df1838643c19005ace16": "manned lunar landing", "5725df1838643c19005ace17": "letters", "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "November 9, 1967", "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "fire enabled NASA to catch up on man-rating the LM and Saturn V", "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": "ballast", "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": "men", "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "204", "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "January 22, 1968", "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "Grumman", "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "204", "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "a \"fire-in-the-hole\" test", "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": "two Saturn IBs", "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "Zond 5", "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "Christmas Eve", "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": "George", "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "animals", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "July 1969 by an all-Gemini veteran crew consisting of Neil Armstrong", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": "July 1969", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "black-and-white television", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "1969", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "July 1969", "5725e44238643c19005ace35": "Surveyor 3", "5725e44238643c19005ace36": "unmanned lunar probe, which had landed in April 1967 on the Ocean of Storms", "5725e44238643c19005ace37": "Earth", "5725e44238643c19005ace38": "accidentally pointed into the Sun", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": "LRV", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "Block II spacesuit", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": "preliminary list", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": "three days", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "Saturn V", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": "liquid oxygen tank exploded, disabling the Service Module and forcing the crew to use the LM as a \"life boat\" to return to Earth", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": "rookies", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "grounded again", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": "oxygen tank", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": "April 1970", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": "20", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": "yearly budget also began to shrink", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": "museum exhibits", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": "1971", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "extremely old", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "KREEP", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": "Genesis Rock", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": ".", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "impact process effects", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "materials", "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": "$170 billion", "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": "12 Lunar Modules", "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": "$170 billion", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": "Apollo Extension Series (Apollo X,) proposed up to 30 flights to Earth orbit", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": "NASA", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": "Venus", "5725ef6838643c19005acece": "1973", "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": "1973", "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": "1974", "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": "1973", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": "2009", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "flags", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "All of the U. S. flags left on the Moon during the Apollo missions were found to still be standing", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": "Apollo 8", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "Christmas Eve, 1968", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": "live or delayed", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "1968", "5725f239271a42140099d35d": "Apollo TV", "5725f239271a42140099d35e": "lunar footage that had to be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic", "5725f239271a42140099d35f": "massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration to be recorded over with newer satellite data", "5725f239271a42140099d360": "newer satellite data", "5725f239271a42140099d361": "Stan Lebar", "5725f39638643c19005acef7": "Nafzger", "5725f39638643c19005acef8": "random noise", "5725f39638643c19005acef9": "Australia", "5725f39638643c19005acefa": "Nafzger", "5725f39638643c19005acefb": "video", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "secondary law and supplementary law", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "secondary law and supplementary law", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "the European Parliament", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect or indirect", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "European Parliament", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "secondary law and supplementary law", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "European Parliament", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "member states", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "member states", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": "Directives", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "European Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "case law", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "member states", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "Directives", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "case law", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "European Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "European Commission", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "citizens", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "European Court of Justice", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "Justice", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "TEU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "Faroe Islands", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "primary law", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "international law. Individuals may rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union if the Treaty provisions", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "founding treaties, the \"core", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "the founding treaties", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "general obligation of the principle of cooperation, as stated in the TEU", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "European Union", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "common rules for coal and steel", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1985", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "Denmark", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "European Union", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "Ireland, Denmark and Norway", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "1985", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "constitutional law of the European Union", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France and the referendum in the Netherlands", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "amending", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "amending treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "constitutional law", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "constitutional law", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "Lisbon", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "European Commission is the main executive body of the European Union", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "Commission has a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure, although the Council", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "President", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "Commissioner for each of the 28 member states", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "Article 17", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "The Commission's President (currently an ex-Luxembourg Prime Minister, Jean-Claude Juncker", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "simple majority vote", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "appointment process", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": ".", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "Independent Experts", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "European Council", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "Council", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Parliament in 1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "Anti-fraud Office", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "Maltese Commissioner for Health", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": "amendment", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": "representative democracy\". In practice, equality and democracy are deficient because the elected representatives", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": "every five years", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": "whole Commission", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": "proportional representation", "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": "Parliament", "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": "European Parliament", "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": "Parliament elections, take place every five years", "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": "every five years", "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": "the conservative European People's Party", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "different ministers of the member states", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Prime Minister Donald Tusk", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "inversely to member state size, so smaller member states are not dominated by larger member states", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352 votes", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "total there are 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "the Council", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "six months", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352 votes", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote, if not consensus", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "unanimity", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "Commission proposal, where the Parliament must vote by a majority of all MEPs", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "budgets", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "TEU articles 4 and 5 state that powers remain with the member states", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "Court of Justice", "572695285951b619008f774b": "294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "qualified majority to approve changes, but by unanimity to block Commission amendment", "572695285951b619008f774d": "TEU", "572695285951b619008f774e": "ordinary legislative procedure", "572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial", "572658435951b619008f7026": "CJEU", "572658435951b619008f7027": "president", "572658435951b619008f7028": "member state courts", "572658435951b619008f7029": "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "interpreting the treaties", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "CJEU", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal to deal with EU staff issues, and then a separate Court of Auditors", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "Community law", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "TFEU article 267", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "national law", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "highest national courts", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "Van Gend en Loos", "5726975c708984140094cb21": "Court of Justice", "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "entirely voluntary", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "ultimate authority of member states", "572699db5951b619008f779c": "UK courts", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "constitutional law concerns the European Union's governance structure, administrative law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "Directives", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "All actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review, and judged by standards of proportionality", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "good justification", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "article 30", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "TFEU article 288 states, they are \u2018directly applicable in all Member States", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "member state", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "28 days", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "28 days in national law", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "early 1990s", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "EU law", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "Third, if a Directive gives expression to a \"general principle\" of EU law", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years, from age 18 to 28", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "British Gas plc", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "age 60 and men at 65", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "insurance fund", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "former employee of a bankrupt Venetian firm, was therefore allowed to claim 6 million Lira", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "European Union law", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "several appropriate measures the least onerous", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "European Union law", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "public law, which predates European Union law", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "proper legal basis", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "legal certainty and good faith", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions common to the member states", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "protected in the constitutions of member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "European Union", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "European Court of Human Rights", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "In 1999", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "2007", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "European Union law", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "European Court of Justice", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "Amsterdam covering social policy issues in European Union law", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam covering social policy issues in European Union law", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "Social Charter", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30 general principles", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "European Community legislation", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "then 12 member states", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "12 member states. The UK", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1989", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "Amsterdam", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Social Policy", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "workforce consultation in businesses", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany in 1951", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "Article 65", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "Article 65 of the agreement banned cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957 competition rules were included in the Treaty of Rome, also known as the EC Treaty", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101(1), including price fixing", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "price fixing", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "public enterprises must adhere to the same competition principles as companies", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "free movement of goods in the EU", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "Rome 1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "free movement and trade", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "Court of Justice", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "freedom of association", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "member state has laws or practices that directly discriminate against imports", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "private actors", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "imports", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "environmental protection", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25 per cent", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "Cassis de Dijon", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2009", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Keck and Mithouard", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "cut throat competition", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "misleading commercials for skin care products", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Commercial Practices", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "free movement", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "European Community", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "\"citizenship\"", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": ".", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "stay", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "14 hours a week in Germany, did not have a right to receive German child benefits", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "Court of Justice", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education, along with other forms of vocational training, should be more access, albeit with qualifying periods", "5726c002708984140094d073": "article 49", "5726c002708984140094d074": "non-discriminatory, \"justified by imperative requirements", "5726c002708984140094d075": "Commission", "5726c002708984140094d076": "49", "5726c002708984140094d077": "Commission v Italy", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "Court of Justice", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "Dutch health authorities regarded the treatment unnecessary, so she argued this restricted the freedom (of the German health clinic", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "example", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "Germany", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Daily Mail newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands without first settling its tax bills in the UK", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "Denmark", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "Denmark", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "creditor protection", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "South America", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "territory belonging to nine nations", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "States or departments", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "moist", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "South America", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "English", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "South America", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "territory belonging to nine", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "English", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Climate fluctuations", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "45\u00b0", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45\u00b0", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "fluctuations", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": ".", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "dinosaurs", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": ".", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "last glacial maximum", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": ".", "5725c071271a42140099d127": "Purus Arch", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "Atlantic", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "last 5\u201310 million years", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "the Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "Purus Arch", "57283d173acd2414000df790": "Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df791": "the Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df792": "Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df793": "large basin was created that enclosed a lake", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "Purus Arch", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "Purus Arch", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "Atlantic", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "the Pacific", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "Amazon Fan", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": ".", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "resolve", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "the available data", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "Last Glacial Maximum (LGM", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "Fan", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "LGM", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "present", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "open forest and grassland", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "practical limitations of working in the rainforest", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "15 degrees west longitude", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "2,600 km", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Amazon basin", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "15 degrees west longitude", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "15 degrees west longitude", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "182", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "15 degrees west longitude", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "2,600 km", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "182 million", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "a population density of 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "anthropological", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "poor soil", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "Betty Meggers", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "population density", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "200,000", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "1542", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "smallpox", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "1970s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "1250", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "1542", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "1250", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Ondemar Dias", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "large areas", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "2003", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture and silviculture", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu tribe", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "large settlements", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "Amazon", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "streams", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "96,660 and 128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million insect species", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "about 2", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "one square kilometer (247 acres) of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "16,000", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "plant species", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "62 acres) of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "247 acres) of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "90,790 tonnes of living plants", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "eels", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "Various species of poison dart frogs secrete lipophilic alkaloid toxins through their flesh", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "the early 1960s", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "1960s", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "outer space", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "415,000", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "415,000", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "pasture for cattle", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "the United States", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "91", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "soy farmers", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005 (22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year) was 18%", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "deforestation has declined significantly in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "biodiversity", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "carbon", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "climate change", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "climate change in addition to deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "ethno-biology", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "ecocide", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "Urarina", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": ".", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Google Earth", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "Trio Tribe, who live in the rainforests of southern Suriname", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "indigenous", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth stages within different parts of the forest", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "tree growth stages", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "mature forest", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar (SAR", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "one hundred years, and there were indications that 2006", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "savanna or desert", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three epicenters where vegetation died off, whereas in 2005", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "gigatons of carbon dioxide", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": "comb jellies", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": "marine waters worldwide", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": "cnidarians", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "t\u1d7b\u02c8n\u0252f\u0259r\u0259", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "groups of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "water flow through the body cavity", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "singular", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "singular", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "body cavity", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "comb", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "marine waters worldwide", "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": "own weight", "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": "Only 100\u2013150", "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": "possibly another 25", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "Only 100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", "5725c337271a42140099d165": "own weight", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "tentacles", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "huge mouths", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "own weight", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "egg-shaped bodies and a pair of retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "huge mouths", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "sticky cells", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "huge populations", "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": "planktonic", "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": "planktonic", "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "juveniles", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "early", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "sequential", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "external", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "early reproduction", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "early", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "sequential", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "external", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "beroids", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": "Mnemiopsis", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": "Mnemiopsis", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "psis", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "Mnemiopsis", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Mnemiopsis", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "Black Sea", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "uncommon and difficult to find. In bays", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "uncommon and difficult to find. In bays", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "fish stocks", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "Beroe", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "monophyletic", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "lagerst\u00e4tten", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "lagerst\u00e4tten", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "lagerst\u00e4tten", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "Paleogene extinction", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "monophyletic", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "no tentacles", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "cnidarians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "colloblasts", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "cnidarians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "basement membranes", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": "triploblastic", "572647d0708984140094c14d": "more complex animals", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "hairs\") as their main method of locomotion", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "\"ctenes", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": ".", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "oceanic species", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "oceanic species are so fragile", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "three coastal genera", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "gastrodermis", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "eggs or sperm, and photocytes that produce bioluminescence", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "mesoglea", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "mesoglea", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "tentacles", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "ctenes", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "flagella", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "jellyfish", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters (0.079 in). Unlike conventional cilia and flagella", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "experiments have shown that some species rely on osmotic pressure", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "a", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "rosettes", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "mesoglea", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "statocyst", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "immobile cilia", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "statocyst", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "balance sensor", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "ctenophores", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "sheath", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "narrow end", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "microscopic colloblasts that capture prey", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "muscle", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three types of movement that are used in capturing prey", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "ciliary groove", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "cilia that produce water currents", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "water currents", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "cilia that produce water currents", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "suspended planktonic prey", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "Members of the lobate genera Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis can escape from danger by clapping their lobes", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "danger", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "cydippids", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "water disturbances", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "Nuda", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "mouth shut", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "front", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "Nuda", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Cestum veneris (\"Venus' girdle", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "animals", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "undulating their bodies", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Velamen parallelum", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "everting the pharynx and using it as a muscular \"foot", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "on rocks, algae", "572683075951b619008f7513": "pores in the epidermis", "572683075951b619008f7514": "self-fertile.", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis", "572683075951b619008f7516": "comb rows", "572683075951b619008f7517": "external in most species, but platyctenids", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths", "572684365951b619008f7540": "true larvae", "572684365951b619008f7541": "parents", "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae", "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "species", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "some species", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "body size", "5726887e708984140094c917": "Beroe", "5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish", "5726887e708984140094c919": "stinging cells", "5726887e708984140094c91a": "Pleurobrachia", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "marine food chains", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "jellyfish", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "Red Sea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "ctenophores", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "ships", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "late 1980s", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "Mnemiopsis", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "Atlantic", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "1991 to 1993", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "fossils", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "comb jelly", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "early Devonian (Emsian) period. Three additional putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale and other Canadian rocks", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "Three additional putative species", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "Chengjiang lagerst\u00e4tte", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "Vendobionta", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran", "57269016708984140094ca41": "all other animals", "57269016708984140094ca42": "sponges", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "modern ctenophores except the beroids", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65.5 million years ago", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "520,159, making it the fifth-largest city in California, the largest inland", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "ash tree\" in Spanish", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "ash tree\" in Spanish, and an ash leaf", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "ash tree\" in Spanish", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "Easterby's\u2014by now a hugely productive wheat farm", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "Millerton residents, drawn by the convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "49 miles of track", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "store", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "0% white", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno, was the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center", "5725d183271a42140099d240": "1942", "5725d183271a42140099d241": "assembly center", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "Fresno", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "financial instrument", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "credit card", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "Fresno", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken and recorded by Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "Kearney Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "historic", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric Street Cars", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "original Fresno County Courthouse", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "Light & Power", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "public art", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "automobile traffic", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "automobile traffic. The public art pieces", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "County", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "county island\" within Fresno County", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "course", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "historic Tower Theatre, which is included on the National List of Historic Places. The theater was built in 1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "well-known landmark water tower", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "Fresno", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile south", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "late 1970s", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "1970s", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno native", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "Tower District has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "hipster", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "Storybook houses", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "tract homes urban sprawl", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Fresno Traction", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "Downtown Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "American", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "99", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "Brookhaven", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "Brookhaven", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Brookhaven", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "late 2008", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "Fresno Housing Authority", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "State Route 99 Freeway", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "public", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "very little", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "complete", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "235 acres (0.95 km2), combined with additional acres acquired later by the City, brings the park to a sizable 300", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "renovated in 2010", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "Highway 99 and Friant Dam", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "November", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "unique agreement", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "around the world", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "fog", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "81% of possible sunshine", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "wind rose direction occurrences derive from the northwest", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "December, January and February", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "July 8, 1905", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "November 1885", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "1885", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "November 1885", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "245", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "494,665", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "30,547", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.62", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.62", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "50.2% White", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "11.2% Asian (about a third", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "427,652", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "Federal Communications Commission", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KGPE", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 168", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "State Route 41", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "Kings Canyon Freeway) comes from the west", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "the 1950s", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "Interstate 9", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "Federal funding", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": ".", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Fresno", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": ".", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": ".", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "computer scientist", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "1950s", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "pre-allocation of network bandwidth", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "packet switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "computer scientist", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "packet switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "circuit switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "packet switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes. In cases of billable services", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee", "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "Packets", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "multiple access scheme", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "Packets", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "multiple access scheme", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "three key ideas", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "user messages into message blocks, later called packets", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "RAND", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "forward switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks, later called packets", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "nationwide network", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "Operating System Principles", "5726385e271a42140099d797": ".", "5726385e271a42140099d798": "individually", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "the sequence number of the packet", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "up", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "code", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "connection id in a table", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "address information", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "Routing a packet", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "X.25 requires a handshake", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "IP", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "IP", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "Frame relay", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "1969", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "twenty different network", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "User Datagram Protocol (UDP", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "network", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "1985", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "1985", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "1985", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "1973", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "1973", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "1973", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": ".", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "1980s", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "1980s", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "seven", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "open standards", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "1965", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "four computer", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "computer sales", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "marketing manager", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "NSFNET project starting in the mid-1980s", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "Merit's role in the NSFNET project starting in the mid-1980s", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "Merit's role in the NSFNET project starting in the mid-1980s", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "1973 and started operations in 1975. It went public in 1979 and was then sold to GTE", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "1975. It went public in 1979 and was then sold to GTE", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "1973 and started operations in 1975. It went public in 1979", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "host", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "GTE", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "CA", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "75", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "CA", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "dedicated networks", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "own dedicated networks", "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two kinds of X.25 networks. Some such as DATAPAC and TRANSPAC were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface", "572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research", "572643de5951261400b5195c": "Deutsche Bundespost. X.75 and X.121", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "early 1980s", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "financial applications", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "academic institutions", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "Strictly speaking", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "1", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": ".", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "incorrect", "5726462b708984140094c117": "1981", "5726462b708984140094c118": "extend networking benefits", "5726462b708984140094c119": ".", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "2006", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "ene", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "1985", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "United States", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "1985-1995", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "vBNS", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "1995", "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications", "572648d1708984140094c160": "1998", "572648d1708984140094c161": "OC-48c (2.5 Gbit/s) IP", "57264684708984140094c123": "1343", "57264684708984140094c124": "60% of Europe's total population", "57264684708984140094c125": "60%", "57264684708984140094c126": "17th century", "57264684708984140094c127": "1343", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "plague", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "Nestorian", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "2010", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Genoese traders", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Mongol army under Jani Beg", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "infected corpses", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "Kaffa", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "several existing conditions such as war, famine, and weather", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "Norway", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "B", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": ".", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany and Scandinavia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "Ask\u00f8y", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "pandemic", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "Egypt", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "the north", "57264a74708984140094c18b": "Pontanus", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "1823", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "bad air", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "Paris", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "Miasma theory", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "Yersinia pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "Hong Kong", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "sin", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "bites", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "rodents", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "Great Pestilence' in 1893", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "Black Death for the second edition in 1908", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "Black Death for the second edition in 1908", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Black Death", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "95 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "Septicemic plague", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "95 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "purple", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "Black Death", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "DNA/RNA", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "1998", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "medieval mass graves", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "modern", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "Y. pestis strains Y. p. orientalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille around November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "1349", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "2011", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "Black Death victims", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "Haensch", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "zoologist Graham Twigg", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "zoologist", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "zoologist Graham", "5726516a708984140094c223": "epidemiological account of the plague", "5726516a708984140094c224": "symptoms", "5726516a708984140094c225": "over 100%", "5726516a708984140094c226": "plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy", "5726516a708984140094c227": "1377", "57265285708984140094c25b": "pandemic", "57265285708984140094c25c": "marginal significance", "57265285708984140094c25d": "primitive transport systems", "57265285708984140094c25e": "primitive transport systems", "57265285708984140094c25f": "modern bubonic plague", "5726534d708984140094c26d": "anthrax", "5726534d708984140094c26e": "2001", "5726534d708984140094c26f": "bubonic plague", "5726534d708984140094c270": "pneumonic", "5726534d708984140094c271": "London", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "50%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "40% of Egypt's population. Half of Paris's population of 100", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "Central London", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "50%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "most isolated areas were less vulnerable to contagion", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "14th to 17th", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "1346 and 1671", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "England", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "1350", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "1300", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1636, and ended with the Great Plague of London in 1665", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "perhaps 40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "1629\u20131631", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "1361 and 1528", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "Spain", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "Spain", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "half", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "1709\u201313, a plague epidemic that followed the Great Northern War (1700\u201321", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "Marseille", "5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c302": "1654\u201357", "5726577f708984140094c303": "1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c304": ".", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "magma and/or lava", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "metamorphic rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "new magma", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "metamorphic rock due to heat and pressure", "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading", "57265d08708984140094c398": "upper mantle", "57265d08708984140094c399": "crust", "57265d08708984140094c39a": "convection of the mantle", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s", "57265f605951b619008f70db": "divergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "convergent boundaries, where one plate subducts under another. Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas fault system", "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener", "57265f605951b619008f70df": "convecting mantle", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "arrival times of seismic", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": ".", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "660 kilometers", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "crust and lithosphere", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "an expanded scale", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "Quaternary is a very short period with short epochs, it is further expanded in the fourth scale. The second, third", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "Quaternary", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "fault", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "key bed", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": ".", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "inclusions and components", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "older formation to be ripped up and included in a newer layer", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "quite complex", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "fossils in sedimentary rocks. As organisms", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "William Smith almost a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "absolute dates to geologic events using radioactive isotopes and other methods", "57266c015951b619008f7238": "stratigraphic", "57266c015951b619008f7239": "new", "57266c015951b619008f723a": "fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "absolute ages to rock units", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "relative dating techniques. These methods can also be used to determine ages of pluton emplacement. Thermochemical", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "temperature", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "isotope", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "relative dating techniques", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": ".", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "shallow crust", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "antiforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "antiforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Belt", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "normal faulting and through the ductile stretching", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "large numbers", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic", "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion", "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "basaltic lava flows", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "northwestern Canada", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": ".", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "almost-undeformed stacks of sedimentary rocks that have remained in place since Cambrian time", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "northwestern Canada", "572677e7708984140094c723": "typical geological investigations, geologists use primary information related to petrology (the study of rocks), stratigraphy", "572677e7708984140094c724": "typical geological investigations, geologists use primary information related to petrology", "572677e7708984140094c725": "typical geological investigations, geologists use primary information related to petrology (the study of rocks), stratigraphy", "572677e7708984140094c726": "typical geological investigations", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "optical microscopy", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "interference", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "rock units", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "rocks in the field, petrologists identify rock samples in the laboratory", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "an electron microprobe", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "fluid inclusion data", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "fluid inclusion data", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks. This work can also help to explain processes that occur within the Earth", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "observe the fabric", "57267d52708984140094c7da": "strain", "57267d52708984140094c7db": "geological structures", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "large and small settings", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "sand", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "analog models, though they are often more sophisticated and can include patterns of erosion and uplift in the mountain belt", "57268066708984140094c821": "samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field", "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical surveys", "57268066708984140094c823": "well logs", "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", "57268066708984140094c825": "water, coal", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "stratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "H. Garrison", "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", "572683f95951b619008f7527": "Kuo", "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Ibn Sina (Avicenna", "572683f95951b619008f7529": "silt", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "ton", "57268527708984140094c8c0": "the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", "57268527708984140094c8c2": "the Earth", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "United States", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "United States", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "uniformitarianism", "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "277", "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "103", "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "English Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities", "5726642f5951b619008f715a": "Northumberland", "5726642f5951b619008f715b": "Geordie", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": "Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror's eldest son", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "coal mining area", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": "coal", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "14th century, and later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "Great North Run", "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "2,000", "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": "Hadrian's Wall are still visible in parts of Newcastle, particularly along the West Road", "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "Pictish", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": "England", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": "Elizabeth", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": "25-foot (7.6 m) high stone wall was built around the town in the 13th century, to defend it from invaders", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": "William the Lion", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": "three", "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": "Tyneside", "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": "Hostmen", "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": "1538. The phrase itself means a pointless pursuit", "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": "an eccentric", "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": "ruin him", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": "Sandgate area, to the east of the city and beside the river", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": "London", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": "about 7,000", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": "one-third of the population. Specifically within the year 1636", "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": "devastating loss", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": "the King", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": "Scots", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "drummes", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": "a brave defence", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": "Charles I", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": "urbanization", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "Maling company", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": "electric lighting", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": "heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": "steam turbine", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": "medieval street", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": "alleys", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": "Castle Keep", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "modern buildings", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "Derwentwater House", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": "Tyneside Classical", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "England's best-looking city", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": "Grey Street", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": "Eldon Square Shopping Centre", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": "one side", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": "the Town Moor", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": "rent", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": "Hoppings funfair", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": "Hoppings funfair, said to be the largest travelling funfair in Europe", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": "King", "57267076708984140094c601": "new office developments", "57267076708984140094c602": "Gateshead Council", "57267076708984140094c603": "Norman Foster", "57267076708984140094c604": "NewcastleGateshead", "57267076708984140094c605": "temporary Bambuco Bridge in 2008 for ten days", "572671165951b619008f72b7": "Grainger Town area", "572671165951b619008f72b8": "classical streets", "572671165951b619008f72b9": "four stories high, with vertical dormers, domes, turrets and spikes", "572671165951b619008f72ba": "grade I and 49 are grade II*", "572671e55951b619008f72d7": "the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72d8": "1835", "572671e55951b619008f72d9": "2000", "572671e55951b619008f72da": "1835", "572671e55951b619008f72db": "English Heritage", "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "oceanic", "57267383dd62a815002e8553": "North Atlantic Drift", "57267383dd62a815002e8554": "rain shadow", "57267383dd62a815002e8555": "32.5 \u00b0C (90.5 \u00b0F) during August 1990", "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "British Isles", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": "2010, Newcastle was positioned ninth in the retail centre expenditure league of the UK", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": "Eldon Square Shopping Centre", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": "1838", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": "department", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": "old underground bus station, was officially opened in March 2007", "5726769c708984140094c711": "Grainger Street", "5726769c708984140094c712": "centre", "5726769c708984140094c713": "Tesco store in the United Kingdom", "5726769c708984140094c714": "MetroCentre", "5726769c708984140094c715": "Gateshead", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": "Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "terraces", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "Ouseburn valley", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "Architects", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "high density", "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": "flats and waterside apartments to 25.6%", "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": "25.6%", "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": "historic densely occupied, arguably overinflated markets in the local authorities: Harrogate", "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": "authorities", "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": "markets", "572679c35951b619008f73db": "259,000", "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "metropolitan", "572679c35951b619008f73dd": "student population", "572679c35951b619008f73de": "metropolitan", "572679c35951b619008f73df": "student populations", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": "national average being 38.6", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": "ancestors", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": "Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": "1%", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": "1% of the population", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": "Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "the Anglo-Saxon populations", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "many elements", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": ".", "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "larn\" (from the Anglo-Saxon \"laeran\", meaning \"teach\"), \"burn\" (\"stream", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": "Scandinavia", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "the Northern United Kingdom", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "Scots", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "Many words", "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "Dutch gooien", "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": "the Ear Institute", "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": "Widex", "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": "80", "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": "negative long-term impact on the health", "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": "motorway underpass", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": "Collingwood Street", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": "new indoor complex", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": "12", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "Pink Triangle", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": "Newcastle's gay scene", "57267f695951b619008f74bd": "theatre", "57267f695951b619008f74be": "Stephen Kemble", "57267f695951b619008f74bf": "many celebrated seasons", "57267f695951b619008f74c0": "21 January 1788 and was located on Mosley Street", "57267f695951b619008f74c1": "Grey Street", "5726800add62a815002e8750": "many theatres", "5726800add62a815002e8751": "the Theatre Royal on Grey Street", "5726800add62a815002e8752": "Shakespeare Company for over 25 years, as well as touring productions of West End musicals", "5726800add62a815002e8753": "local talent", "5726800add62a815002e8754": "Artsworld TV channel", "572680865951b619008f74e7": "Newcastle upon Tyne (popularly known as the 'Lit & Phil", "572680865951b619008f74e8": "8000 CDs and 10,000 LPs", "572680865951b619008f74e9": "1825", "572680865951b619008f74ea": "lecture theatre", "572680865951b619008f74eb": "electric light, during a lecture by Joseph Swan", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": "CAMRA", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": "Newcastle and Gateshead", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": "biennial AV Festival of international electronic art", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "mid June", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": "mid June", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": "Hoppings, reputedly the largest travelling fair in Europe, takes place on Newcastle Town Moor every June", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": "Newcastle Town Moor every June", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": "Newcastle Town Moor every June. The event has its origins in the Temperance Movement during the early 1880s", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": "cycling festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": "Northern Pride Festival and Parade", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": "Newcastle Mela", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": "September", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": "Design Event", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "early October", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "NewcastleGateshead", "5726847f708984140094c8ab": "folk", "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "Geordie ex-footballer Paul Gascoigne", "5726847f708984140094c8ad": "Newcastle in 1979. Folk metal band Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8ae": "Skyclad", "5726847f708984140094c8af": "Duran Duran", "57268525dd62a815002e8806": "November 2006 and May 2008", "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "Tyneside Cinema reopened in the restored and refurbished original building. The site currently houses three cinemas, including the restored Classic", "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "restored Classic", "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "restored Classic", "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "roof extension", "57268692dd62a815002e8826": "Newcastle, including the Centre for Life", "57268692dd62a815002e8827": "Great North Museum; in 2009", "57268692dd62a815002e8828": "shipbuilding heritage, and inventions which changed the world", "57268692dd62a815002e8829": "2009", "57268692dd62a815002e882a": "Seven Stories", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "Payroll", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": "Carter", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "another gangster film, the 1988 film noir thriller Stormy Monday, directed by Mike Figgis", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "Mike Figgis", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "Mike Figgis", "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": "Gosforth Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "Newcastle Eagles", "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": "Newcastle Diamonds", "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": ".", "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "Blaydon Race", "57268885dd62a815002e886a": "Newcastle International Airport", "57268885dd62a815002e886b": "Light Rail system", "57268885dd62a815002e886c": "20 minutes", "57268885dd62a815002e886d": "over five million", "57268885dd62a815002e886e": "over 90", "572689385951b619008f761b": "historic entrance. Glazing", "572689385951b619008f761c": "only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK", "572689385951b619008f761d": "Queen Victoria", "572689385951b619008f761e": "2014, work was completed on the stations historic entrance", "572689385951b619008f761f": "Manors", "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": "CrossCountry", "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": "about three", "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": "Edinburgh", "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": "CrossCountry", "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": "Northern Rail", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "suburban", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": "five", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": "deep-level", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": "1981", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": "37 million passengers a year, extending as far as Newcastle Airport", "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "All Metro trains", "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "smart ticketing", "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "most stations", "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "entirely new fleet of trains", "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "light rail trains", "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": ".", "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": "9", "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "Tyne Tunnel", "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": "Tyne Tunnel", "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": "Tyne Tunnel", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": "3", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": "Haymarket bus station", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": "Stagecoach", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": "the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": "Gateshead", "57269120708984140094ca59": "1998", "57269120708984140094ca5a": "1998. As of 2012, the local council social aims and objectives for cycling include: highlighting the usage of cycling", "57269120708984140094ca5b": "healthy", "57269120708984140094ca5c": "one way streets", "57269120708984140094ca5d": "1998", "5726934f5951b619008f771d": "North Shields", "5726934f5951b619008f771e": "Gothenburg", "5726934f5951b619008f771f": "high fuel prices", "5726934f5951b619008f7720": "Danish", "5726934f5951b619008f7721": "Thomson", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": "seven independent schools with sixth forms", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": "sixth forms", "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": "Royal Grammar School", "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": "Newcastle College", "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": "Sacred Heart", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": "Northumbria University", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": "Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine and Surgery, established in 1834", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": "Sunday Times University of the Year", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": "Newcastle in 1992 as part of the UK-wide process in which polytechnics became new universities", "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": "UK), by the IT industry magazine Computing", "572699b55951b619008f778f": "parish churches", "572699b55951b619008f7790": "Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474", "572699b55951b619008f7791": "Coptic", "572699b55951b619008f7792": "Church", "572699b55951b619008f7793": "parish churches", "57269b165951b619008f77b3": "St Andrew", "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "1726", "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "main porch", "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "Newcastle", "57269b165951b619008f77b7": "church tower received a battering during the Siege of Newcastle by the Scots", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": "City Road", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": "City Road for over 40 years after its launch in January 1959", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": "City Road complex", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": "colouring", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": "Newcastle", "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "Newcastle Student Radio", "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "most hospitals across Newcastle and Gateshead since 1951", "57269d745951b619008f77da": "Radio", "57269d745951b619008f77db": "Newcastle University's student's union building", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": "1709", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "Westminster", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "George Stephenson", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": "steam turbine", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Thailand", "57269fab5951b619008f7807": "Newcastle", "57269fab5951b619008f7808": "Newcastle", "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "Nobel Prize winning physicist", "57269fab5951b619008f780a": "smallpipes", "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "Peter Higgs", "5726710b708984140094c61d": "London", "5726710b708984140094c61e": "over 4.5 million", "5726710b708984140094c61f": "Prince Albert", "5726710b708984140094c620": "Albert", "572680ac708984140094c83d": "Royal", "572680ac708984140094c83e": "Prince Albert", "572680ac708984140094c83f": "Albert", "572680ac708984140094c840": "Culture, Media and Sport", "572680ac708984140094c841": "2001", "57268294708984140094c877": "51,000 m2) and 145 galleries", "57268294708984140094c878": "145", "57268294708984140094c879": "5,000 years of art", "57268294708984140094c87a": ".", "57268294708984140094c87b": "post-classical sculpture", "572685cd5951b619008f7573": "the Great Exhibition of 1851", "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "Cole", "572685cd5951b619008f7575": "Museum of Manufactures, first opening in May 1852 at Marlborough House", "572685cd5951b619008f7576": "September had been transferred to Somerset House", "572685cd5951b619008f7577": "Board of Trade", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": "Queen Victoria", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": "22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": "George Wallis", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "late night openings", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "1949", "57268f2c708984140094ca25": "1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca26": "November 1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca27": "1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca28": "the Festival of Britain", "57268f2c708984140094ca29": "1948", "572691d7708984140094ca6d": "young people, the V&A became the first museum in Britain to present a rock concert", "572691d7708984140094ca6e": "rock concert. The V&A presented a combined concert/lecture by British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon", "572691d7708984140094ca6f": "Roy Strong", "572691d7708984140094ca70": "British", "57269656708984140094cafd": "Dundee", "57269656708984140094cafe": "\u00a376 million", "57269656708984140094caff": "V&A Dundee will be on the city's waterfront", "57269656708984140094cb00": "the city's waterfront", "57269656708984140094cb01": "city's waterfront", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": "Brompton but had been renamed South Kensington. The land was occupied by Brompton Park House", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": "Sheepshanks Gallery", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": "Royal Engineers", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": "June 1862", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": "board room", "57269c06708984140094cba1": "Owen Jones", "57269c06708984140094cba2": "Renaissance", "57269c06708984140094cba3": "James Gamble", "57269c06708984140094cba4": ".", "57269c06708984140094cba5": "James Gamble", "57269d68708984140094cbd7": "1866\u201368", "57269d68708984140094cbd8": "1866\u201368", "57269d68708984140094cbd9": "77", "57269d68708984140094cbda": "Alfred Stevens", "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "Sir Edward Poynter", "5726a0205951b619008f781b": "Royal Engineers", "5726a0205951b619008f781c": "science schools", "5726a0205951b619008f781d": "Cadeby", "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "1867\u201372", "5726a0205951b619008f781f": "2008", "5726a2445951b619008f7861": "sgraffito", "5726a2445951b619008f7862": "Starkie Gardner", "5726a2445951b619008f7863": "southeast of the garden", "5726a2445951b619008f7864": "south side of the garden, built 1877\u201383", "5726a2445951b619008f7865": "Reuben Townroe", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": "Aston Webb", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": "red brick and Portland stone", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "Portland stone", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": "Classical", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": "museum", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": "Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": "four levels of galleries", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Webb", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "marble", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Alfred Drury", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": "Art Library in 1966 and 1967", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": "Henry Cole wing", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": "new entrance building", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": "Christopher Hay and Douglas Coyne of the Royal College of Art", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": "new entrance building", "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": "main glass galleries and the main silverware", "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": "elaborate painted designs restored on the ceiling. As part of the 2006 renovation the mosaic floors", "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "FuturePlan", "5726afeb708984140094cdda": "South", "5726afeb708984140094cddb": "Eva Ji\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1", "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": "Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": "John Madejski Garden", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": "elliptical", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": "elliptical water feature lined in stone with steps around the edge", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": "American Sweetgum tree", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": "British Architects", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "British Architects", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": "RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection has been transferred to the museum", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": "RIBA Drawings and Archives", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": "over 600,000 drawings, over 750,000 papers and paraphernalia, and over 700,000 photographs from around the world", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": "over 330", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": "British architects of the last four hundred years represented, but many European", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": "over 330", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": "British architects of the last four hundred years represented, but many European", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": "Andrea Palladio", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": "Great Fire", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": "Great Fire of London", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": "Bishopsgate", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": "European examples include a dormer window dated 1523\u201335 from the chateau of Montal", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": "Alhambra", "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": "over 19,000", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": "2006", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": "Ardabil Carpet", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": "2006", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "1909", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": "nearly 60,000 objects", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": "6000 paintings", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": "nearly 60,000 objects", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "Jawaharlal Nehru", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "Jawaharlal Nehru", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": "more than 70", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "East Asia", "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": "Tsui", "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": "T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991", "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "Ming", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": "Toshiba", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": "1550 to 1900", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": "1550 to 1900", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": "koro", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": "14th to the 19th century", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "Korea", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "Refined Hindu and Buddhist sculptures", "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": "mother-of-pearl", "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "betel-nut cutters, ivory combs and bronze palanquin hooks", "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": ".", "5726c9a4708984140094d170": "1490 and 1505", "5726c9a4708984140094d171": "Reverend", "5726c9a4708984140094d172": "Reverend", "5726c9a4708984140094d173": "1876", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": "Charles Dickens", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": "Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": "12th to 16th", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": "trial", "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": "London", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": "Word and Image Department", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": "computer", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": "Encoded Archival Description (EAD", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": "most of the items in the collection, unless those were newly accessioned into the collection, probably do not show up in the computer system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "\"Search the Collections", "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "Victoria and Albert Museum", "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": "Factory Project to reference Andy Warhol and to create a factory", "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": "Factory Project to reference Andy Warhol", "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": "15,000", "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": "Factory Project to reference Andy Warhol and to create a factory", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": "Designers", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": "Asia", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": ".", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": "Horace Walpole", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "porcelain, cloth and wallpaper. Designers", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": "tea drinking", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "galleries", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": "John Ruskin", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "mass production", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": "John Ruskin", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": "Trajan's Column", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": "full-scale replica of Trajan's Column", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": "David", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": "sculptures, friezes and tombs", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": "Michelangelo", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": "1731", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": "Frederick II the Great", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": "Frederick II the Great", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": "major boost to the collections was the Salting Bequest made in 1909", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": "Japanese ceramics", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": "Josiah Wedgwood", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": "Britain and Holland", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": "elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves from the 16th and 17th centuries, made in Germany and Switzerland", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": "Germany and Switzerland", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": "elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves from the 16th and 17th centuries, made in Germany and Switzerland", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": "The stained glass collection", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": "over 6000", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": "Egypt", "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": "several examples by Ren\u00e9 Lalique", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "2005", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": "Danny Lane", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "sacred silver and stained-glass gallery in 2005", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": "Dale Chihuly in the rotunda at the Museum", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": "important 13th-century glass beaker known as the Luck of Edenhall is also displayed in these galleries", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": "over 10", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": "over 10,000 British and 2", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": "Modern", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": "Modern", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": "Modern", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": "14", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": "Costume sketches, design notebooks", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "everyday clothing", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": "1913", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": "Harrods", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": "Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": "Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": "Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": "Costiff", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": "modern fashion", "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "Italian and French Renaissance objects was acquired between 1859 and 1865", "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "1859 and 1865", "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "French 18th-century art and furnishings", "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "\u00a3250,000", "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": "\u00a3250,000", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": "1580", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": "1580 from Antwerp City Hall, attributed to Hans Vredeman de Vries", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "c1750 from Germany", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": "c1750 from Germany", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": "Ernest Gimson", "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": "6000", "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": "Egypt", "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": "154 gems bequeathed in 1869", "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": "Major bequests include Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of 154 gems bequeathed in 1869", "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": "William and Judith Bollinger", "5726ee28708984140094d656": "secular and sacred", "5726ee28708984140094d657": "1496\u201397", "5726ee28708984140094d658": "8 tonnes, 10.5 metres high and 11 metres wide", "5726ee28708984140094d659": "Gilbert Scott in 1862 for the chancel in Hereford Cathedral", "5726ee28708984140094d655": "silver or gold", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "c1110", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "gilt bronze", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": "St Thomas Becket, made from gilt copper", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "c1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "c1180 to contain relics of St Thomas Becket, made from gilt copper", "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": "over 5,100", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": "Bryan Davies", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": "Horniman", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": "V&A of musical instruments, and has the loan of 35", "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": "25 February 2010", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": "1130 British and 650 European oil paintings, 6800 British watercolours, pastels and 2000 miniatures", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": "1130 British", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": "1130 British and 650 European oil paintings, 6800", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": "Elizabeth II", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": "c. 1400", "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": "contemporary British artists", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": "British artists", "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": "Constable", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": "Hay Wain", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": "Isabel in 1888", "5726f755708984140094d737": "continental art 1600\u20131800", "5726f755708984140094d738": "1882", "5726f755708984140094d739": "260 paintings and miniatures (not all the works were French, for example Carlo Crivelli's Virgin and Child", "5726f755708984140094d73a": "Fran\u00e7ois", "5726f90b708984140094d75d": "1887", "5726f90b708984140094d75e": "Eadweard Muybridge", "5726f90b708984140094d75f": "781", "5726f90b708984140094d760": "781 plates", "5726f90b708984140094d761": "James Lafayette", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": "post-classical", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": "approximately 22,000 objects in the collection that cover the period from about 400 AD to 1914", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "about 400 AD to 1914", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "tomb and memorial", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": "Scotland", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "plaster", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": "Canova", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": "Canova", "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": "1493\u20131500", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": "more than 20", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": "1914", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": "20 works in the museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France; these were given to the museum", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": "museum", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": "museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France; these were given to the museum", "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Britain", "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": "Europeans", "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "Ni", "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "Europeans", "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": "Michael Hintze", "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": "2006", "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": "tomb sculpture, portraiture, garden sculpture and mythology", "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": "works dated 1600", "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": "Britain", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "53,000", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "populated", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": ".", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": "early silks from the Near East", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "technique", "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": "St Gereon", "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "Netherlands", "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": "very rare 15th-century tapestries, woven in the Netherlands", "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "very rare 15th-century tapestries, woven in the Netherlands, depicting the hunting of various animals", "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "Mortlake", "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": "late 14th", "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": "William Morris", "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": "'The Forest' tapestry of 1887", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": "Marion Dorn", "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": "Marion Dorn", "57270817708984140094d8c7": "the Theatre Museum", "57270817708984140094d8c8": "the Theatre Museum", "57270817708984140094d8c9": "formerly the Theatre Museum", "57270817708984140094d8ca": ".", "57270817708984140094d8cb": "research, exhibitions and other shows", "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "Childhood", "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "museum environment", "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "Interventive treatment", "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "Childhood", "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "preventive\" conservation this includes: performing surveys, assessments", "57267b755951b619008f7433": "ABC", "57267b755951b619008f7434": "American Broadcasting Company", "57267b755951b619008f7435": "Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan", "57267b755951b619008f7436": "Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan", "57267b755951b619008f7437": "Disney Media Networks", "57267ca75951b619008f7469": "television", "57267ca75951b619008f746a": "television", "57267ca75951b619008f746b": "1948", "57267ca75951b619008f746c": "Capital Cities Communications", "57267ca75951b619008f746d": "Capital Cities Communications", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": "over 232", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": "Citadel Broadcasting", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": "eight", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "simultaneous substitution regulations imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": "Citadel Broadcasting", "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": "electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America", "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": "electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America", "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": "major cities", "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": "drama series", "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": "1927 for the primary purpose of testing new programs on markets", "572681ab708984140094c85d": "Mutual", "572681ab708984140094c85e": "radio networks", "572681ab708984140094c85f": "radio networks", "572681ab708984140094c860": "NBC Red Network", "572681ab708984140094c861": "NBC Blue", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": "Mark Woods", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": "NBC Blue", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": "Woods", "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": "David Sarnoff", "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": "Swiss Bank", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": "Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": "October 12, 1943", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": "George B. Storer in 1944", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": "Blue Network", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": "CEO of ABC until December 1949", "57268739708984140094c8ed": "Magnetophon", "57268739708984140094c8ee": "Paul Whiteman", "57268739708984140094c8ef": "Counterspy", "57268739708984140094c8f0": "Bing Crosby", "57268739708984140094c8f1": "public service", "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": "$155 million in June 2000", "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": "ABC1", "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": "sustainable viewership. With ABC1's shutdown that October", "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": "wholly owned international networks was revived in 2004", "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": "United States", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "owned by ABC", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": "The arrival of satellite television", "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": "Japan and Latin America", "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": "1970s", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": "June 1953", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "international market", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "5% stake in two new domestic networks, the Mainichi Broadcasting System", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": "June 1953", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": "NBC", "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "CBS", "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "Emmy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "1965", "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": "broadcast rights to the Academy Awards, Emmy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": ".", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": "1974", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": "Ryan Seacrest", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": "1954 to 1956", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": "Dick Clark, and later by his successor Ryan Seacrest", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": "TLC", "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": "talk shows The View and The Chew, and the soap opera General Hospital", "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": "morning news program Good Morning America and has done so since 1975", "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": "nine years of the Procter & Gamble-produced soap The Edge of Night", "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": "Chew", "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": "soap opera", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "X Games", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "2006", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "highly inconsistent scheduling of sports programming on weekend afternoons since ESPN", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": "regular season", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": "ESPN", "5726e860708984140094d579": "Frank Marx", "5726e860708984140094d57a": "low-band VHF frequencies", "5726e860708984140094d57b": "1947", "5726e860708984140094d57c": "VHF channel 7", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": "the freeze", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": "108 existing television stations in the United States", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": "DuMont Television Network", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": "NBC", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": "Supreme Court", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": "movie theater operator United Paramount Theatres", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": "owned-and-operated stations", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": "CBS", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": "America", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "Goldenson", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": "Paley", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": "the FCC", "5726ed12708984140094d645": "1952", "5726ed12708984140094d646": "$25 million in shares", "5726ed12708984140094d647": "American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres", "5726ed12708984140094d648": "company", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "1948", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": "1948", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": "Prospect Studios, and construct a transmitter on Mount Wilson", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": "Prospect Studios", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": "September 30, 1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": "1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": "other producers", "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": "7.5 million", "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": "NBC", "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "1961 (the network", "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": "1961 (the network", "572734af708984140094dae3": "its circle logo", "572734af708984140094dae4": "Troika Design Group", "572734af708984140094dae5": "Troika", "572734af708984140094dae6": "the dot", "572735a15951b619008f86bf": "Pittard Sullivan", "572735a15951b619008f86c0": "1998\u20132002 four-note jingles for promotions and production company vanity cards", "572735a15951b619008f86c1": "\"We Love TV", "572735a15951b619008f86c2": "1998\u20132002 four-note jingles for promotions and production company vanity cards", "572736625951b619008f86d1": "the 1993\u201394 season", "572736625951b619008f86d2": "60 seconds at the beginning of an act or segment, before appearing throughout programs (except during commercial breaks) beginning in the 1995\u201396 season", "572736625951b619008f86d3": "1983", "572736625951b619008f86d4": "script font", "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": "1977", "572736fc5951b619008f86da": "glossy gold letters", "572736fc5951b619008f86db": "glossy gold letters", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": "Paul Rand", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": "Bauhaus", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": "Herbert Bayer", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": "1962", "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": "Clear Channel Communications", "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": "Entertainment Communications, Communications Resources", "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": "Entertainment Communications, Communications Resources", "57273954708984140094db05": "2004", "57273954708984140094db06": "Desperate Housewives, Lost and Grey's Anatomy as well as reality series Dancing with the Stars", "57273954708984140094db07": "Anne Sweeney", "57273954708984140094db08": "NASCAR", "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "2002", "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "September, Disney Chairman/CEO Michael Eisner", "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "The Bachelor", "57273a0d708984140094db10": "Bachelorette", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": "Time Warner", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": "ABC", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": "NBC", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": "TWC", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": "2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": "The WB in September 2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": "CBS", "57273c195951b619008f8721": "1999", "57273c195951b619008f8722": "Regis Philbin", "57273c195951b619008f8723": "Buena Vista Television relaunching the show as a syndicated program (under that incarnation's original host Meredith Vieira", "57273c195951b619008f8724": "Meredith Vieira", "57273d19708984140094db3d": "1996", "57273d19708984140094db3e": "ABC Inc", "57273d19708984140094db3f": "Capital Cities to Knight Ridder", "57273d19708984140094db40": "Robert Iger", "57273d19708984140094db41": "sitcom Sports Night", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": "three broadcast television networks", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": "color", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "Beating the Odds", "57273ef15951b619008f8751": "WJZ", "57273ef15951b619008f8752": "Central Park", "57273ef15951b619008f8753": "Baltimore", "57273f9d708984140094db51": "Robert Kintner", "57273f9d708984140094db52": "DuMont Television", "57273f9d708984140094db53": "DuMont Television Network", "57273f9d708984140094db54": "1954", "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": "Paramount Pictures", "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": "The Lone Ranger, based on the radio program of the same title, and The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet", "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": "13 seasons, running from 1952 to 1965", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": "Cheyenne", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": "Sugarfoot (a remake of the 1954 film The Boy from Oklahoma); and Maverick", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": "Walt Disney", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": "the wheel series Warner Bros", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": "Roy", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": "1953", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": "Goldenson", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": "land", "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": "Allen Shaw", "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": "Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "LOVE Radio", "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": "seven", "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": "September 1969", "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": "his 1971 film Duel", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": "1971", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": "$400,000\u2013$450,000", "572743fb708984140094db93": "early 1970s", "572743fb708984140094db94": "NBC", "572743fb708984140094db95": "behavioral and demographic data to better determine what types of sponsors", "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": "Monday Night Football", "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": "2006", "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": "ABC", "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": "15%\u201316%", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": "1970", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": "1972", "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": "Worldvision Enterprises", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": "cigarette advertising from all television and radio networks", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": "Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act which banned cigarette advertising from all television and radio networks, including ABC", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": "Central West division of ABC Theatres", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": "Elton Rule", "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": "1966", "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": "Happy Days (which originated as a segment on the anthology series Love, American Style), as well as several soap operas", "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": "developing youth-oriented programming", "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": "Paramount Pictures (and would later become the President of ABC's eventual parent company, Disney", "572748745951b619008f87b1": "Fred Pierce", "572748745951b619008f87b2": "Fred Pierce", "572748745951b619008f87b3": "W", "572748745951b619008f87b4": "national morning show, Good Morning America, which debuted on November 3, 1975", "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "greenlit by Silverman, who left ABC in 1978 to become president", "5727492f708984140094dbb6": "Laverne & Shirley", "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "major networks", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": "Alex Haley", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": "Aaron Spelling", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": "September", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": "1976\u201377 season. On September 13, 1977, the network debuted Soap", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": "soap opera parody which became known for being the first television series to feature an openly gay main character (played by a then-unknown Billy Crystal", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": "Roone Arledge", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "ABC Sports", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "7 Lincoln Square", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": "June 1979", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": "Arledge", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": "Hugh Downs appointed as its anchor (later paired alongside his former Today colleague Barbara Walters", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": "Barbara Walters", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": "MCA Inc. for $20 million", "57274cac708984140094dbdd": "24", "57274cac708984140094dbde": "1995", "57274cac708984140094dbdf": "WJRT-TV", "57274cac708984140094dbe0": "Flint", "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "America", "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "game show Duel", "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "Disney", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": "ABC Entertainment Group", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": "2009", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": "April 2, 2009, Citadel Communications announced that it would rebrand ABC Radio as Citadel Media", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": "purchase on iTunes", "57274f07708984140094dbed": "2010. That year, the sixth and final season of Lost became the drama's lowest-rated season since its debut in 2004", "57274f07708984140094dbee": "sixth and final season of Lost became the drama's lowest-rated season since its debut in 2004", "57274f07708984140094dbef": "Fridays", "57274f07708984140094dbf0": "Fridays", "5727504b5951b619008f881d": "1970", "5727504b5951b619008f881e": "Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films", "5727504b5951b619008f881f": "Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films", "5727504b5951b619008f8820": "Turner Broadcasting System", "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": "Disney", "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": "Buena Vista Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": "Buena Vista Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": "network", "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": "WABC-TV and WPVI-TV", "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": "affiliated stations", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": "eight owned-and-operated stations, and current and pending affiliation agreements with 235 additional television stations encompassing 49 states", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": "96.26% of all households in the United States", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "1946", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "new logo based on the seal of the Federal Communications Commission", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "network", "57275573708984140094dc45": "2011", "57275573708984140094dc46": "Home Edition", "57275573708984140094dc47": "HD", "57275573708984140094dc48": "Litton's Weekend Aventure", "57275650708984140094dc5f": "720p high definition", "57275650708984140094dc60": "1080i HD", "57275650708984140094dc61": "Hearst Television's 16 ABC-affiliated stations transmit the network's programming in 1080i HD", "57275650708984140094dc62": "720p high definition", "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "Proof", "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": "late-season premiere Happy Endings earning a second season. Meanwhile, the new lows hit by Brothers & Sisters", "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "NBC", "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "Brothers & Sisters", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": "14, 2011", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": "Prospect Park", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": "Prospect Park, which eventually revived the soaps on Hulu", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": "General Hospital", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": "18\u201349", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": "2004", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "eight years", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": ".", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": "Suburgatory", "57275a505951b619008f889f": "Modern Family", "57275a505951b619008f88a0": "the Dragon's Den reality format", "57275a505951b619008f88a1": "Sundays", "57275a505951b619008f88a2": "Tim", "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Daniel Burke", "57275bfb708984140094dc98": "Robert Iger", "57275bfb708984140094dc99": "NYPD Blue", "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": "Steven Bochco", "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": "Steven Bochco", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": "FCC", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": "Capital Cities/ABC purchased the French animation studio DIC Entertainment", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": "Capital Cities/ABC purchased the French animation studio DIC Entertainment; it also signed an agreement with Time Warner", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": "American households", "57275e125951b619008f88d7": "WLS", "57275e125951b619008f88d8": "May 9", "57275e125951b619008f88d9": "John Bassett", "57275e125951b619008f88da": "25% interest in CFTO-TV", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": "Wide World of Sports", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": "Edgar Scherick", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": "Inc. and produced by a young Roone Arledge", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": "Sports Programs", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": "1965, the corporate entity, American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, was renamed as the American Broadcasting Companies", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": "The Dating Game", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": "Game", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "66th Street", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": "90", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": "opulent", "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": "Dynasty", "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": "Hearst Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8921": "Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8922": "Getty Oil", "5727623a5951b619008f8923": "Hearst reached an agreement with RCA", "5727623a5951b619008f8924": "RCA to merge ARTS and competing arts service, The Entertainment Channel", "572763a8708984140094dcd9": "Daniel B. Burke", "572763a8708984140094dcda": "Daniel B. Burke while remaining ABC's chairman", "572763a8708984140094dcdb": "465 million", "572763a8708984140094dcdc": "Videos", "572763a8708984140094dcdd": "Home Improvement", "572764855951b619008f8951": "General Hospital", "572764855951b619008f8952": "Sunday political", "572764855951b619008f8953": "one-hour weekend editions); nightly editions of ABC World News Tonight", "572764855951b619008f8954": "Jimmy Kimmel Live!.", "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": ".", "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "Lima", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": "co-owned/co-managed full-power television station", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "Birmingham, Alabama", "57276690708984140094dd01": "Touchstone Television", "57276690708984140094dd02": "ABC Studios", "57276690708984140094dd03": "the 1950s, ABC has had two main production facilities: the ABC Television Center", "57276690708984140094dd04": "1950s", "5727678e5951b619008f8973": "Times Square Studios at 1500 Broadway on land in Times Square", "5727678e5951b619008f8974": "Nightline", "5727678e5951b619008f8975": "World News Tonight", "5727678e5951b619008f8976": "World News Tonight", "572768d9708984140094dd13": "ABC on Demand", "572768d9708984140094dd14": "Hulu", "572768d9708984140094dd15": "July 6, 2009", "572768d9708984140094dd16": "April that year that also allowed Disney to acquire a 27% ownership stake in Hulu", "572769e85951b619008f8985": "WATCH", "572769e85951b619008f8986": "2014", "572769e85951b619008f8987": "fast forwarding of accessed content", "572769e85951b619008f8988": "January 7, 2014", "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": "LoyalKaspar", "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": "print advertising", "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": "ABC Modern", "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": "ESPN", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": "14 primary affiliates compared to the 74", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": "14 primary affiliates compared to the 74 that carried the majority of CBS programs", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": "All-Channel Receiver Act", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": "UHF tuning", "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": "Youngstown", "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "hour", "57276d7f708984140094dd41": "2000s", "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "1960s", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": "Walt Disney Presents", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "Desilu", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": "Desilu Productions", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": "April 1959", "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": "Night Movie", "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": "third place; the company had a total revenue of $15.5 million", "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": "Hanna-Barbera, The Jetsons", "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": "Jetsons", "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": "soap opera", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": "ABC management", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": "antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": "Department of Justice", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": "January 1, 1968", "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": "Capital Cities", "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": "Capital Cities purchasing ABC and its related properties for $3.5 billion", "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": "Warren Buffett", "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": "E. W. Scripps Company", "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": "12 television stations", "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": "1985", "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "Capital Cities", "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": "ABC's broadcasting division", "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "Michael P. Millardi", "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "dge", "57277585708984140094de2b": "Love Boat", "57277585708984140094de2c": "Happy Days and Three's Company ended in 1984 (with the latter producing a short-lived spinoff that year), while The Love Boat", "57277585708984140094de2d": "NBC", "57277585708984140094de2e": "Love Boat", "57277585708984140094de2f": "comedies", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": "family-friendly comedies in the late 1980s, culminating in the 1989 debut of the \"TGIF", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": "Thank Goodness It's Funny", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": "Miller-Boyett Productions", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": "Paramount Television", "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": "seven radio stations nationwide", "572776e85951b619008f8a80": "Ralph Nelson-directed Charly", "572776e85951b619008f8a81": "Ralph Nelson", "572776e85951b619008f8a82": "1985", "572776e85951b619008f8a83": "amusement parks sector with the opening of ABC Marine World in Redwood City, California", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": "westerns and detective series", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": "almost 500%", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": "10% and 18%", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": "Ollie Treiz", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": "Treiz", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": "counterprogramming", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": "detective shows did the same in the fall of 1959", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": "news programming", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": "variety shows aired by NBC and CBS in the fall of 1957", "57277af2708984140094dec3": "WATCH", "57277af2708984140094dec4": "affiliates", "57277af2708984140094dec5": "Hearst Television", "57277af2708984140094dec6": "WatchESPN", "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "Sinclair", "57277bfc708984140094deda": "WABM-DT2", "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "Scripps", "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "two additional subchannel-only", "57277bfc708984140094dedd": "15", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "Start Here", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": "Troika", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": "entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": "entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": "Grand Rapids", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "KQTV", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "WZZM and WOTV", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "WTSP", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": "Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": "Northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": "Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": "Mongol Empire", "5726a00d708984140094cc25": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "5726a00d708984140094cc26": "1227", "5726a00d708984140094cc27": "1227 after defeating the Western Xia", "5726a00d708984140094cc28": "\u00d6gedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates among his sons and grandsons. He died in 1227", "5726a00d708984140094cc29": "Mongolia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": "1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": "Yes\u00fcgei", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": "1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": "Secret History, Tem\u00fcjin was named after a Tatar chieftain, Tem\u00fcjin-\u00fcge", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": "Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": "Begter and Belgutei", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": "nine years of age he was delivered by his father to the family of his future wife B\u00f6rte", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": "His father arranged a marriage for him, and at nine years of age he was delivered by his father to the family of his future wife B\u00f6rte", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": "Dai Setsen", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": "Begter", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": "Tem\u00fcjin and his brothers. Begter, Temujin", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": "Khasar", "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": "hunting excursion that Tem\u00fcjin and his brother Khasar", "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": "Tayichi'ud", "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": "his father's former allies", "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": "a sympathetic guard, the father of Chilaun", "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": "Jelme and Bo'orchu", "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": "ger (yurt) in the middle of the night by hiding in a river crevice", "5726a784708984140094ccff": "arranged marriages", "5726a784708984140094cd00": "Hoelun", "5726a784708984140094cd01": "Chinese dynasties", "5726a784708984140094cd02": "the need for alliances", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "B\u00f6rte", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": "Merkits", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": "Jamukha", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": "Jochi", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "1185\u20131226", "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "1187", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "Chagatai (1187\u20141241), \u00d6gedei", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1187", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "1187", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "at least six", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": ".", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": "Toghrul", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "Keraites", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": "Merkits", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": "Jamukha", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": "Mongolian aristocracy", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": "Kokochu", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": "1186", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": "1186", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": "Qara Khitai", "5726ae32708984140094cdab": "the Yassa code", "5726ae32708984140094cdac": "wealth", "5726ae32708984140094cdad": "orphans from the conquered tribe", "5726ae32708984140094cdae": "victory", "5726af765951b619008f7a51": "Jochi", "5726af765951b619008f7a52": "Jamukha", "5726af765951b619008f7a53": "Jamukha", "5726af765951b619008f7a54": "Keraite", "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "Naimans", "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "1201, a khuruldai", "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "Jamukha", "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "Subutai", "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "1206", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": "friendship and reunion", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": "men", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": "friendship and reunion, saying that there can only be one sun in the sky, and he asked for a noble death", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": "noble death", "5726b879708984140094cf01": "Chinese", "5726b879708984140094cf02": "Jamukha", "5726b879708984140094cf03": "loyal brother Khasar", "5726b879708984140094cf04": "military", "5726b879708984140094cf05": "Jamukha", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": "1206", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "Khuruldai", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "\u00d6gedei", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": "gan", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "Genghis", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": "Jin dynasty", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": "Ming-Tan", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": "Zhongdu", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": "Kaifeng", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": "\u00d6gedei Khan. The Jin dynasty collapsed in 1234", "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": "Genghis", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "Liao", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": "Jebe", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "Jebe", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "younger general, Jebe, known as \"The Arrow", "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": "internal revolt", "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": "1218, as a result of defeat of Qara Khitai", "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": "1218", "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": "Khwarezmia", "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": "Muslim", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": ".", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": "Mongolia", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": "two Mongols and a Muslim", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": "generals", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": "the Silk Road", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": "Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "three groups", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "son", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": "Jochi", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "southeast part of Khwarzemia to form, with the first division, a pincer attack on Samarkand", "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": "Khwarezmia's defeats, as it allowed the Mongols, although exhausted from the long journey", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "Otrar", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "molten silver into his ears and eyes", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": ".", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "Subutai and Jebe", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": "Samarkand fell, the capital was moved to Bukhara", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": "Bukhara", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "map", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "captured enemies as body shields", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "citadel", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "severed heads", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "gates", "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": "Turkish defenders", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "artisans and craftsmen", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "flail of God", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": "young men who had not fought were drafted into the Mongolian army and the rest of the population was sent into slavery", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": "1220", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": "Subutai", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": "Slavic princes", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": "Kalka River", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": "Mstislav", "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "1240", "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "1225", "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "1225 both divisions returned to Mongolia. These invasions", "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "1225", "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "Samarkand", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": "1226", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": "autumn", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": "Mongols", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": "Yellow River", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": "five stars", "57272dd55951b619008f8697": "Ning Hia", "57272dd55951b619008f8698": "Jianlong", "57272dd55951b619008f8699": "arrows in battle", "57272dd55951b619008f869a": "province", "57272dd55951b619008f869b": "executed", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": "Jochi", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": "Chagatai", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": "traditional historical accounts", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": "\u00d6gedei", "57272ff2708984140094dabd": "Chagatai and Jochi", "57272ff2708984140094dabe": "Chagatai", "57272ff2708984140094dabf": "Tolui", "57272ff2708984140094dac0": "\u00d6gedei. \u00d6gedei", "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": "1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "Khorasan", "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "Urgench", "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "people", "5727311d5951b619008f86af": "Sultan Muhammad", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": "war booty", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": "Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": "battle, while Marco Polo", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": "Western Xia princess taken as war booty", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": "Secret History", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": "without markings", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": "many years after his death, is his memorial", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": "Onon", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": "Genghis Khan Mausoleum", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": "Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": ".", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": "1949", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": "Genghis Khan's bier and relics", "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": "Red Guards", "57273581708984140094daeb": "October 6, 2004", "57273581708984140094daec": "rural Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daed": "permafrost", "57273581708984140094daee": "many horses", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": "Genghis Khan", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": "Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": "meritocracy", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "ethnicity and race", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "family", "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": "religious figures", "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": "Ong Khan", "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": "religious tolerance", "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": "Christian", "572739a75951b619008f86f7": "Women", "572739a75951b619008f86f8": "Pax Mongolica", "572739a75951b619008f86f9": "Chinese", "572739a75951b619008f86fa": "women", "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": ".", "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": "nomads", "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": ".", "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "avenged", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": "generals", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Karakorum", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": "Muqali, a trusted lieutenant", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": "Great", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": "command decisions", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "siege warfare, cutting off resources for cities and towns by diverting certain rivers", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "Muslim and Chinese", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "feigned retreat", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "siege warfare", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": "Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": "Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": "1227", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": "imperial Song dynasty of China", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": "Silk", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": "great military leader", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": "meritocracy", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": "Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East", "5727404b708984140094db59": "1990s", "5727404b708984140094db5a": "positively by Mongolians for his role in uniting warring tribes", "5727404b708984140094db5b": "positively by Mongolians for his role in uniting warring tribes", "5727404b708984140094db5c": "butchery", "5727404b708984140094db5d": "chasm", "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": "500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000 Mongolian t\u00f6gr\u00f6g (\u20ae", "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": "500", "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": "Chinggis Khaan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": "trivialization", "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": "Ulaanbaatar", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "Ikh Zasag (Great Administration", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": "illegal matters related to corruption and bribery", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": ".", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": "traditional Mongolian script", "57275250708984140094dc25": "People's Republic", "57275250708984140094dc26": "Mongols", "57275250708984140094dc27": "Yuan dynasty", "57275250708984140094dc28": "5 million", "57275250708984140094dc29": "grandson", "572753af708984140094dc2f": "Iran", "572753af708984140094dc30": "East", "572753af708984140094dc31": "15 million", "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "Bat", "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "Mamluks of Egypt", "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "Egypt", "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "1237 Batu Khan", "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "all of the major cities of Eastern Europe with the exceptions of Novgorod and Pskov", "572756715951b619008f8877": "Timur", "572756715951b619008f8878": ".", "572756715951b619008f8879": "Nishapur", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": "tenggis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": "Baikal", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": "Chinese: \u6b63", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": "Genghis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "Mongolian pronunciation would have closely matched \"Chinggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": "Chinggis Khaan", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": "Cengiz Han", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": "simplified Chinese: \u94c1\u6728\u771f; traditional Chinese: \u9435\u6728\u771e; pinyin: Ti\u011bm\u00f9zh\u0113n", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": "Chinghis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": "simplified Chinese: \u94c1\u6728\u771f; traditional Chinese: \u9435\u6728\u771e; pinyin: Ti\u011bm\u00f9zh\u0113n", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "patent medicines", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery or even poison", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "outdated", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "ingredients for medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "healthcare", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "drug treatment for an individual", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "drug", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "senior pharmacy technicians. In the UK the role of a PhT", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "PhT", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care professional", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "PhT", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "Greek physician", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Diocles of Carystus", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "many middle eastern scientists", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "highly respected", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code (701) and re-stated in the Y\u014dr\u014d Code", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "Meiji Restoration (1868", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "Ranked positions", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "Emperor", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "botany and chemistry", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Avicenna", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Avicenna", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": ".", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "arsenious oxide, and being acquainted with silicic acid", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "1317", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "1221", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "Ll\u00edvia", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "medieval Esteve Pharmacy, located in Ll\u00edvia", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "storage conditions", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "trained pharmacy technicians while the pharmacist spends more time communicating with patients. Pharmacy technicians are now more dependent upon automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "patient safety issues", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "compulsory texts, equipment", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "pharmacy practice residency", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "various disciplines of pharmacy", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "patient compliance issues (in the hospital", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "a pharmacy practice residency", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "hospital", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "high risk preparations", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "high cost of medications and drug-related technology", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "hospital", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "inside hospitals and clinics", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "pharmaceutical care", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "interdisciplinary approach to patient care. They often participate in patient care rounds drug product selection", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "drug therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals of therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "prescribing authority", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "North Carolina", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "board certification. The official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist and these pharmacists will carry the initials BCACP", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "VA", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "elderly", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "consultant pharmacists and/or provide consulting services", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "worldwide", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "worldwide", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "worldwide", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "physicians", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "method", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "Many customers order drugs", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "Many customers", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "potentially dangerous", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "prescription drugs", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription", "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": "Internet pharmacies is the ease with which people, youth", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "legitimate medical purpose", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "Internet pharmacies is the ease with which people, youth", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "prescription", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "ensure that the prescription is valid", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "valid patient-doctor relationship", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "consumer costs", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "international drug suppliers", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "a prescription", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "importation of medications from Canada and other countries", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "specialist domain", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "practice area and specialist domain", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "information technology departments", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "practice area and specialist domain", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "specialty drugs", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "chronic and complex disease states such as cancer", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "novel", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately from physicians", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "pharmacists", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "10 percent", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "business partnerships with physicians or give them \"kickback\" payments", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "United Kingdom", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "dispensing physicians", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "6 kilometres", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "6 kilometres", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": ".", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "self-interest", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "the majority rule", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "financial self-interest in \"diagnosing\" as many conditions", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "cost-effective medication", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "health care system", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "medication", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "MTM", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "Medication Therapy Management (MTM", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "MTM", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Alberta", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "Government", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine use reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "the Doctor of Pharmacy", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "the mortar and pestle", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany and Austria", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "different countries: the green Greek cross in France", "5726e65e708984140094d53d": "humans", "5726e65e708984140094d53e": "disease", "5726e65e708984140094d53f": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", "5726e65e708984140094d540": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": "humans", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": "disease", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "peripheral immune system", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "peripheral immune system", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "humans", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "peripheral immune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8275": "immune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8276": "rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes", "5726eb785951b619008f8277": "eukaryotes", "5726eb785951b619008f8278": "immunological memory", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "rudimentary", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "defense mechanisms", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": "autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": "less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": "genetic disease", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": "genetic", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": "cancer", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": "Athens", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": "scorpion venom and observed that certain dogs and mice", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": "Pasteur", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": "Walter Reed", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "microorganisms", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever virus", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "Athens", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "adaptive immune system", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "adaptive immune system", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "adaptive", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "immunological memory", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "innate immune system", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self molecules are those components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "specific immune receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "innate immune system", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "pattern recognition receptors, which recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "non-specific, meaning these systems respond to pathogens", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "skin", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects, the shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "sneezing", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "respiratory tract", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "respiratory tract secrete antimicrobial peptides such as the \u03b2-defensins", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "breast milk", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "fungi", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "re-introduction of probiotic flora, such as pure cultures", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "redness, swelling, heat, and pain", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "cytokines", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "me", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "acquiring nutrients", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "bloodstream and are the most abundant type of phagocyte, normally representing 50% to 60% of the total circulating leukocytes", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "inn", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive immune system", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "macrophages", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "T cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells, or NK cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "M", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "KIR", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific \"non-self\" antigens during a process called antigen presentation", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "infected cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "helper T cell", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class I MHC molecules", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "B cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "T cell receptor (TCR) binds to this specific antigen in a complex with the MHC Class I", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "perforin", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4 co-receptor, which recruits molecules inside the T cell (e.g., Lck", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "around 200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "many receptors (around 200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "many cell types", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40 ligand (also called CD154", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "NK cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "alternative T cell receptor (TCR", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "Gamma", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "receptor diversity", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "large numbers of human V\u03b39/V\u03b42 T cells respond within hours", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "B", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "long-lived memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "adaptive", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "pathogen", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "Breast milk or colostrum", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "IgG", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "adaptive", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "prolactin", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "well-rested individual", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "a progressive decline in hormone levels with age", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin D", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "thyroid hormone activity", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "normal", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "antibodies", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "silencing", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune disorders", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "non-self", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "the thymus and bone marrow", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "\"self", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "immunosenescence", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "immunosenescence", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "malnutrition", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "antigen", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "natural specificity", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "enzymes", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "type II secretion system. Alternatively, using a type III secretion system", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "tube", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "host immune responses", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens, an allograft", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "histocompatibility", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "cytotoxic", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "natural killer cells and CTLs", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "vitamin D receptor", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "vitamin D", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "vitamin D calcidiol", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "phagocytic", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "RNA interference", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "molecules of the adaptive immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and T cell receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "lamprey and hagfish", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "adaptive immune system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes or an antibody-based humoral response", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "restriction modification system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "viral pathogens, called bacteriophages", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "CRISPR sequences", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "humoral", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "immunity", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Robert Koch", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "soluble components", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "killer T cells", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "TGF-\u03b2", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "macrophages and lymphocytes", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Type I", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "Type I", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "mild discomfort to death", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "IgE", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "Type", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Salmonella and the eukaryotic parasites that cause malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) and leishmaniasis", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "Other bacteria generate surface proteins", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "antigens", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "oncogenic viruses like human", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "melanomas", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "6000 Da", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophobic amino acids", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "Immunoproteomics is the study of large sets of proteins (proteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B cells", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "immunoinformatics", "572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin", "572a12386aef051400155235": "APCs", "572a12386aef051400155236": "one that supports Th1", "572a12386aef051400155237": "Th1", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "plasma membrane", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "controlled positive feedback", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", "57271c235951b619008f860c": "Velvet Revolution and in East Germany to oust their communist governments, In South Africa in the fight against apartheid", "57271c235951b619008f860d": "Civil Rights Movement, in the Singing Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Ukraine", "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia and the 2004 Orange Revolution in Ukraine", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "American Civil Rights Movement, in the Singing Revolution", "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Oedipus", "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Creon", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8639": "current King of Thebes", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "Sophocles", "5727213c708984140094da35": "Percy Shelley", "5727213c708984140094da36": "social action", "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha", "5727213c708984140094da39": "Satyagraha", "5727213c708984140094da37": "Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "nonviolent protest", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "Gandhi", "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", "572726c9708984140094da7c": "ambiguity", "572726c9708984140094da7d": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": ".", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": ".", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "ambiguity", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "all", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": ".", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems and grammatical niceties. Like Alice in Wonderland", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": ".", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "vol", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "semantical problems and grammatical niceties", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "lawful protest demonstration", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "protest demonstration", "57280f974b864d1900164370": "civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164371": "citizen", "57280f974b864d1900164372": "the state and its laws", "57280f974b864d1900164373": "Civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "the state and its laws", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "constitutional", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "head of government", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "state", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "state and its laws", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "imprisonment", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "elite politicians", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "pay", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "government", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "the collective", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "individual", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "postman", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "postman or tax collector whose hand hits the wood", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "voice of the people", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "governmental entities", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "governmental entities", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "justified against governmental entities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "international organizations and foreign governments", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "governmental entities. Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions", "572818f54b864d190016446c": "civil disobedience", "572818f54b864d190016446d": "public civil disobedience rather than simply covert lawbreaking", "572818f54b864d190016446e": ".", "572818f54b864d190016446f": "lawbreaking", "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah and Puah", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "publicly", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "morality", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "lawbreaking", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "lawbreaking", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": ".", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "non-violent. Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "civil disobedience must necessarily be non-violent. Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "civil rebellion", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violence", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "rebellion", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "Black", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "Gandhi", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "revolutionary", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "active attempt to overthrow a government", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Gandhi", "572822233acd2414000df555": "Roman Empire", "572822233acd2414000df556": "Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets", "572822233acd2414000df557": "author", "572822233acd2414000df558": "higher political office", "572822233acd2414000df559": "until", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "jail solidarity", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "jail solidarity", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "sign bail until certain demands are met, such as favorable bail conditions", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": ".", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal acts", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "propaganda", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "illegal medical cannabis dispensaries and Voice in the Wilderness", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "Luna", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "Julia Butterfly Hill lived in Luna", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "illegal acts", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "Bedau", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "public policy goals", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "public policy", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill lived in Luna", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "sending an email", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "Lebanon", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "criminalized behavior", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album, which eventually led to the 1978 Supreme Court case", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": ".", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "government officials", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "difficult for a system", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates and using sickles", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "padlocking the gates", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "coercive", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "illegal boycotts", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "coercive", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "Brownlee", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "civil", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal investigations and arrests", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "arrest", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "criminal investigators", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "civil disobedience cases", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "civil disobedients", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "punishment", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "violation of criminal law", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "existence of government", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "law", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "plead guilty", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "plead guilty", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "not", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "no contest", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "nuclear power", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Nevada", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "1957", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "1957", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "not-guilty", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "rule", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "a rule", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "jail", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "civil disobedience", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "plea bargain", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "blind plea", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "blind", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "M", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "allocution", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "avoid imprisonment or a fine", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "avoid imprisonment or a fine", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "jury nullification", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "jury nullification", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "jury nullification", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "law", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "law", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "protestor who attempts to escape punishment", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "protestor who attempts to escape punishment", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "civil disobedience: \"Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Vietnam", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "The necessity defense", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "Fully Informed Jury Association activists", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "incapacitation and deterrence", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "incapacitation and deterrence", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "state (including the judges", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "crime control via incapacitation and deterrence", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction differs from manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8700": "Construction differs from manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "developed countries", "57273a465951b619008f8702": "planning,[citation needed] design", "57273a465951b619008f8703": "client", "57273cca708984140094db33": "construction manager", "57273cca708984140094db34": "construction manager, design engineer", "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db37": "Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "non-residential", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "buildings, infrastructure", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "ENR", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Each year", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "hazardous waste and water", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "Standard Industrial", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "construction service firms", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the owner", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "detailed plans and maintain careful oversight during the project", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations and codes of practice", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "readily available in the area generally dictate the construction materials used (e.g. brick versus stone, versus timber", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "waste", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "houses", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "around 20 hours", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres", "572745c6708984140094db9a": "physical proceedings", "572745c6708984140094db99": "designs into reality", "572745c6708984140094db9b": "property owner", "572745c6708984140094db9c": "quantity surveyor", "572745c6708984140094db9d": "most cost efficient bidder", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "specialties", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "entirely separate companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build\" contract", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "design-build, partnering and construction management", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "each of these project structures allows the owner to integrate the services of architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "traditional offerings of design or construction services alone and are placing more emphasis on establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "Cash flow problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "funding", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "preventable", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "mortgage banker", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "change orders", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the owner", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "custom", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "a delay costs money", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "each side", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "drafted contracts", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "co-operative relationship between the principal and contractor and other stakeholders within a construction project. New forms include partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "private finance initiatives", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "private finance initiatives", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", "572753335951b619008f8853": "architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8854": "project coordinator", "572753335951b619008f8855": "main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8856": "main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8857": "building is ready to occupy", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "Several D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "one contractor", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "2", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "the utilities themselves", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "utility lines", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "building inspector", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy permit", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion is private (split evenly between residential and nonresidential) and the remainder is government", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000 firms employing 1 million contractors", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10 employees", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a342,090", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a342,090", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "Some construction workers in the US/Canada", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", "572756fe708984140094dc72": "construction workers", "572756fe708984140094dc73": "electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic scholarship", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "local, state or national governments", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "mandatory taxation", "57274712708984140094dbad": "tuition-free' schools to more than $45,000", "57274712708984140094dbae": "K-12 schools range from nothing at so called 'tuition-free' schools", "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "tertiary institutions", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "upper sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "lower sixth) and year 13 (upper sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "boarding schools and day schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "the best teachers", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic schools", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "K-12 private education sector include Protestants, Jews, Muslims and the Orthodox", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "religious education, together with the usual academic subjects to impress their particular faith's beliefs and traditions in the students who attend. Others use the denomination", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "Student uniforms", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "compulsory blazer", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "expensive than their public counterparts.[citation needed]", "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Presbyterian Church", "57274971708984140094dbbc": ".", "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "girls", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Germany", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "a second Gleichschaltung", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "7.8%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "7.8%", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Sonderungsverbot", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": ".", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "low tuition fees and/or offer scholarships", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "dual education system", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "independent schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "CBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "academic authorities that conduct examinations for school leaving certificates. Prominent Examination Boards that are present in multiple states are the CBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "union government", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "societies", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "schools", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "boarding schools", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "boarding schools", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "Jesus", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": ".", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "National Type", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": ".", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "'aided' schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "private parties", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "Nepali", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "compulsory subject, Nepali", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "private schools in New Zealand are now largely restricted to the largest cities", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch) and niche markets", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian, such as Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College in Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "secondary school, St Dominic's College) operated by the Catholic schismatic group", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "32", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "80", "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992", "5727500f708984140094dc01": "natural science", "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service Contracting", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "post-secondary and non-degree programmes", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "Student", "5727515f708984140094dc11": "state-controlled) and \"independent", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": "state-controlled", "5727515f708984140094dc14": "public", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", "57275409708984140094dc35": "democracy", "57275409708984140094dc36": "government schools formerly reserved for other race groups . Former \"Model C\" schools are not private schools", "57275409708984140094dc37": "higher school fees than other public schools", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "Knowledge", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "700", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "The Knowledge School", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "voucher", "572756265951b619008f886d": "public schools", "572756265951b619008f886e": "Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils aged up to 13 years old to enter public schools", "572756265951b619008f886f": "9", "572756265951b619008f8870": "9 per cent of children being educated in the UK are doing so at fee-paying schools at GSCE level and 13", "572756265951b619008f8871": "\u00a33,000", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "landmark court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "States", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "many parts of the United States", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "United States", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "States", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "student tuition, endowments", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "individual state Blaine", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "First Amendment or individual", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter", "572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts", "572759665951b619008f8884": "compulsory education in Massachusetts in 1852", "572759665951b619008f8885": "406 U.S. 205", "572759665951b619008f8886": "Supreme Court precedent", "572759665951b619008f8887": "McCrary", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000 annually for day schools in New York City, and nearly $50,000 for boarding schools", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "tuition", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "boarding schools. The leading schools such as the Groton School had substantial endowments running to hundreds of millions of dollars supplemented by fundraising drives", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "professional schools into a modern research university", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "Radcliffe College", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "American Universities", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "1869\u20131909", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "79 individual libraries", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "over 18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150 Nobel laureates, 18 Fields Medalists", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Harvard", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "6 billion", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "business school and athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "separate academic units\u2014ten faculties", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was initially called \"New College", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638, the college became home for North America's first known printing press, carried by the ship John of London", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "particular", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1\u20134 When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Harvard", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Eliot", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "education", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "William Ellery Channing", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "creative scholarship", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "higher education", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "four men attending Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe. Following the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe admissions in 1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "the United States", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "west-northwest", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "freshman dormitories. Sophomore, junior, and senior undergraduates live in twelve", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "twelve residential Houses, nine of which are south", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "northwest of the Yard at the Quadrangle", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "university", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "John W. Weeks Bridge", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "21-acre (8.5 ha) campus in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "approximately fifty", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "the new Allston campus include new and enlarged bridges", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "the school, but surrounding community, pointing to such features as the enhanced transit infrastructure", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors instruct 7,200 undergraduates and 14,000 graduate students", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "7,200 undergraduates and 14", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "magenta", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1875 vote of the student body, although the association with some form of red can be traced back to 1858", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "2008 recession", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "construction of the $1.2 billion Allston Science Complex", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$159 million for students", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$159 million for students", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "the late 1980s", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Kent-Brown", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "all national universities", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "class of 2016", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "core curriculum", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "eight General Education categories", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "teaching fellows", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "September", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four-course rate average", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "summa cum laude", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "60% in 2005", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "room and board", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "414 million", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88%", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "Pusey Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "students and parents", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Ivy League", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "football game. This rivalry, though, is put aside every two years", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1906 season", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Ya", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "Malkin Athletic Center", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "June", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell), squash", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "Secretary of Housing", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "N", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "res", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "Housing", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "comedian", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Bernstein", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Medalist", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": ".", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Southeast", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "principal city in the Jacksonville metropolitan area", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "2014", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "Atlantic coast", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "Beaches", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Timucua people", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "son", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "States", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "golf", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "United States", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\" (also spelled \"Jaxons", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands of years", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "North Florida team", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "the United States", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "historical era", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "Jean Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "stone column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Spanish", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "fort San Mateo", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "fort", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "1763 after the French and Indian War", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "British", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "Wacca Pilatka and the British called the Cow Ford", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Spain ceded Florida to the British", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "town government", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "Florida", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "1862", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "Olustee", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "Warfare and the long occupation", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "Cedar Creek", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "Gilded Age, Jacksonville and nearby St. Augustine", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "East Coast Railway", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "kitchen fire. Spanish moss", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "over 2", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "martial law", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "Great Fire of 1901", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Capital", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "Hollywood", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "World War II. The construction of highways", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "non-Hispanic white, declined from 75.8% in 1970", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "white flight", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "government", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "War II", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "traffic control", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "outlying communities", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "six referendums between 1960 and 1965", "57281d494b864d19001644be": "old boy network", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "grand jury", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "Lower taxes", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "1967, voters approved the plan", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "1967, voters approved the plan", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "half-penny sales tax", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "half-penny sales tax", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "874.3 square miles (2,264 km2", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "Johns River divides the city. The Trout River", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "The Trout River", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "13", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin", "572821274b864d1900164510": "Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164512": "Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164513": "Riverplace Tower", "572821274b864d1900164514": "distinctive flared base", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "November through April", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "very little cold weather, and winters are typically mild and sunny", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "53 F in January to 82 F in July", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "High heat", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "extremely high humidity", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "82 F in July", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Hurricane Dora in 1964", "572824f13acd2414000df590": "sustained hurricane-force winds. The eye", "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Tropical Storm Beryl", "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Category 2", "572824f13acd2414000df593": "Fay", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Filipino American community", "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", "572826634b864d19001645c0": "American community", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Navy", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "11", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "2010", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "city", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "every 100 females age 18 and over", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "$759,900. A 2016 report by Oxfam", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "62", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "debt to be a \"silly argument\" and \"a non-issue . . . a diversion.", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "the methodology used: by using net wealth", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "methodology", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "richest 1% of adults alone", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "Oxfam", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "Oxfam", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "$759,900. A 2016 report by Oxfam", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "debts", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "400", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "United States", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "Inherited wealth", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "United States", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Policy Studies", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "labor, capital and land. Within labor income distribution is due to differences in value added by different classifications of workers", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "inequality", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "capitalist/business owner, landlord", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "labor", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "value added by labor, capital and land. Within labor income distribution is due to differences in value added by different classifications of workers", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "capitalist/business owner, landlord", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "capitalist/business owner, landlord", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "productivity gap", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "mechanization and automation", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "downward pressure on wages", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "unemployment", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "property income", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "capital equipment for labor inputs (workers", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "unemployment", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "mechanization and automation", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "property income", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "price of skill", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "law of supply and demand", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "below market wage will find that their business is chronically understaffed", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "businessman who has the profit motive as the prime interest, it is a losing proposition to offer below or above market wages to workers.", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "high levels of inequality, outcomes that are widely viewed as unfair", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer, but rather by the market", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "Wages work in the same way as prices", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "markets", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "high levels of inequality", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "Competition amongst employers", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "low supply", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "low supply", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "supply of workers which results in higher demand", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "employers", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "high supply", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "high supply", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "employers for employees", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "large need for the positions", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "employers for employees will drive up the wage", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "self-employment", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "self-employment", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "survival needs", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "opportunity-based entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations (\"pull\") such as vocation", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "redistributive while the latter is expected to foster technological progress", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "self-employment", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "self-employment). However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "push", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "vocation", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "redistributive", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "progressive tax", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "the top tax rate will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "social spending", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "top tax rate", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases. In a progressive tax system, the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "Gini index for an income distribution before taxation and the Gini index after taxation", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "education", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "education", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "the poor", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "aggregate savings and investment", "5729e1101d04691400779641": "income inequality", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages for those with this education", "5729e1101d04691400779643": "much lower wages", "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "education raises incomes and promotes growth", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "increasing access to education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "school", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "boom-and-bust cycles. To partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting slow growth, S&P recommended increasing access to education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "Standard & Poor", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "Standard & Poor", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "the 2008-2009 recession", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "slow growth", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "mass high school education movement from 1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "mass high school education movement from 1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "mass high school education movement from 1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "compression", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "period of compression", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "1910\u20131940, there was an increase in skilled workers, which led to a decrease in the price of skilled labor", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "present high school education, which is regarded as a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "low economic growth", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "continental European countries for which data is available", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "economic liberalism", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "economic liberalism", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "CEPR", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "same time", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "lower", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "the United States", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "globalization, which were also experienced by other industrialized nations that didn't experience steep surges in inequality", "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield of the University of Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779652": "Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779653": "globalization", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "very low levels of inequality", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "technological innovation", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "technological innovation", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "trade liberalisation", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "poor countries", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "a domestic scale", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "competition", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "trade liberalisation has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "technological innovation", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "wealthier nations", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "40% in Bahrain", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "53% in Botswana", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "53% in Botswana", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "the labor market", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "males in the labor market. Several factors other than discrimination may contribute to this gap. On average, women", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "earnings", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "economic inequality are in large part the result of stages of development", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "more wealth and income", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "stages of development", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "more wealth and income and introducing inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "social welfare programs", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "High school movement", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "United States", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "level of income inequality began to rise after the 1970s", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "income inequality will eventually decrease given time", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "very weak", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "income inequality will eventually decrease given time", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in effect", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "Wealth concentration", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": ".", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "wealth condensation", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "Wealth concentration", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "new sources of creating wealth", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "higher returns", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "greater productivity", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "human capital", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "expectancy is lower in more unequal countries (r = -.907", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "high-end consumption", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "r = -.907", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "High", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "labor mobility", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic growth", "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "lower rates of social goods", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "health and social problems", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "50 states of the US", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "social goods", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "full stomachs, access to clean water and warmth from fuel", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "poorer countries", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "more equally", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "developed countries is income inequality. Creating an index of \"Health and Social Problems\" from nine factors", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "developed countries is income inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "over fifty studies showing tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "society", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "greatest good for the greatest number \u2013 economic inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "efficiency", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "basic necessities like food, water, and healthcare", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "additional dollar", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "aggregate utility", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "household income inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas B. Edsall", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "Hidden Prosperity", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "systematic economic inequalities", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "the Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "unsustainable monetary stimulation", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality in wealth and income", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but also the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "medium term, suggesting that the benefits do not trickle down. In contrast, an increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent (the poor", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "middle class", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "increasing inequality harms economic growth", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth. High and persistent unemployment", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "long-run economic growth", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "waste of resources", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality-associated effects", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "Joseph", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "increasing importance of human capital in development", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "widespread education", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993", "572a11663f37b31900478694": "economic development", "572a11663f37b31900478695": "economic growth", "572a11663f37b31900478696": "education, experience, and apprenticeship) and higher level of fertility, and thereby lower levels of growth", "572a11663f37b31900478697": "very unequal societies tend to be politically and socially unstable", "572a12381d0469140077972d": "relatively poor countries but encourage growth in richer countries", "572a12381d0469140077972e": "relatively poor countries", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "growth and investment", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard economist", "572a12381d0469140077972f": "1999 and 2000", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973c": "hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist", "572a13841d0469140077973f": "Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "Some theories developed in the 1970s", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "consumer demand", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "yearly growth rates were misleading because it takes several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "more equality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "development community that special efforts", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "poverty reduction \u2013 the growth elasticity of poverty \u2013 can depend on the existing level of inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "ten years", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "United Nations", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "reducing poverty", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "land and housing", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "various associations and other arrangements", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "buying property and building", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "14 years", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "over 200 steps", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "David Rodda", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "rental units", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "higher quality housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "gentrification", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "ad valorem property tax policy", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "shared by everyone", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "worse equipped to manage their finances", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspirational consumption", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts and one method of achieving this aspiration is by taking on debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "created", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "multiplier", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "this as well", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "human inequality", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "Socialists", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "a class of owners", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "a wage or salary", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "socially owned", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "force", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "force (usually in the form of taxation), and that the ideal moral society would be one where all individuals are free from force", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "Theory of Justice", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "human development approach", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than the end itself", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "human development approach \u2013 looks at income inequality and poverty", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "income inequality and poverty", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "capabilities", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "agency", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "healthy young man", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "fear of their lives", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "better relevant income", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": "1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "TARDIS", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "space ship. Its exterior appears as a blue British police box", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": "British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": "1963 to 1989", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": "Russell T Davies", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": "K-9", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "Russell T Davies", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "Christopher Eccleston", "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": ".", "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": "Peter Capaldi", "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "Peter Capaldi", "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "Doctor", "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": "new personality", "5727f2583acd2414000df087": "Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey", "5727f2583acd2414000df088": "rogue Time Lord", "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "time machine", "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "time machine which allows him to travel across time and space. The TARDIS has a \"chameleon circuit", "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": "The", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "companions", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "Master", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": "Time Lord", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "Time Lord", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": "Time Lord", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": "23 November 1963", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": "eponymous aliens", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": "Newman and Wilson", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": "Terry Nation", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": "25 minutes of transmission length", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": "serials division produced the programme for 26 seasons, broadcast on BBC 1", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": "Jonathan Powell", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": "d", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": "Jonathan Powell", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": "1", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": "show", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": "independent production company to relaunch the show. Philip Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": "the Fox Network in 1996", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": "1996", "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": "the Fox Network", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": "Rose", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": "2005", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": "2009", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": "Steven Moffat", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": "Christmas Day", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[note 2", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": "2005", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "2005", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": "2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[note 2] and the 1996 telefilm", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": "30 November 1963", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": "eighty seconds", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": "eighty seconds", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": "eighty seconds", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": "series", "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "Sofa", "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "the Museum of the Moving Image in London", "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa", "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "Digital Spy", "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "Digital Spy", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": "corporation", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": "3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": "most violent", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": "fantasies", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": "journalist", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": "show", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": "police box", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": "police box", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": "Metropolitan Police Authority", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "1996", "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": "26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": "One", "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": "12 episodes", "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": "The Master", "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": "Black Guardian Trilogy", "572801823acd2414000df1fb": "2005 revival", "572801823acd2414000df1fc": "overseas commercial channels), and an extended episode broadcast on Christmas Day", "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "Christmas Day", "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "regular-series episodes will exceed the 45-minute run time; notably, the episodes \"Journey's End\" from 2008 and \"The Eleventh Hour", "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "hour in length", "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "826 Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963", "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "25-minute", "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "1963", "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "72 minutes", "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "1080i", "572803493acd2414000df229": "William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", "572803493acd2414000df22a": "all, 97", "572803493acd2414000df22b": "seasons 3, 4, & 5", "572803493acd2414000df22c": "\"spare\" film copies", "572803493acd2414000df22d": "1964 and 1973", "572804522ca10214002d9b94": "private individuals", "572804522ca10214002d9b95": "off-air by fans", "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "Mission to the Unknown", "572804522ca10214002d9b96": "cine film", "572804522ca10214002d9b98": "home viewers", "572805363acd2414000df26d": "BBC", "572805363acd2414000df26e": "Cosgrove Hall", "572805363acd2414000df26f": "missing episodes", "572805363acd2414000df270": "Big Finish", "572805363acd2414000df271": "November 2006", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "renewal", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": "Doctor", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "Hartnell", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "Doctor", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "Doctor", "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "12", "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "12 times", "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "the Twelfth Doctor", "572808bf4b864d190016429d": "12 times", "572808bf4b864d190016429e": "12 times", "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": "John Hurt", "572809ab4b864d19001642af": "the War Doctor", "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": "Michael Jayston", "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": "The Trial of a Time Lord", "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": "McGann", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": "an unknown incarnation of himself, whom he refers to as \"his secret\" and who is subsequently revealed to be the War Doctor", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": "1973", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": "Time Crash\" alongside David Tennant", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": "2013", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": "2013's 50th anniversary special episode, \"The Day of the Doctor", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": "1999 audio adventure", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": "Zagreus", "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": "2010", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": "audio adventure Project: Lazarus. In 2010", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": "Zagreus", "57280e323acd2414000df349": "prophesied \"Fall of the Eleventh", "57280e323acd2414000df34a": "1976", "57280e323acd2414000df34b": "Mawdryn Undead", "57280e323acd2414000df34c": "Fifth Doctor explicitly confirmed that he was then currently in his fifth incarnation", "57280e323acd2414000df34d": "Five Doctors", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": "Susan Foreman", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "the Ninth Doctor thought he was the last surviving Time Lord", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "the Ninth Doctor thought he was the last surviving Time Lord", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "Ninth", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "humanoid aliens", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": "Deadly Assassin", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "Deadly Assassin", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "companion figure", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "Romana", "572811434b864d190016438c": "Ninth and Tenth Doctors", "572811434b864d190016438d": "Mickey Smith", "572811434b864d190016438e": "Eleventh Doctor", "572811434b864d190016438f": "Pearl Mackie as Bill", "572811434b864d1900164390": "Catherine Tate", "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": "Russell T Davies", "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": "Nestene Consciousness", "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": "Autons", "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": "Macra", "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": "Zygons", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": "1963", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "Kaleds from the planet Skaro", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "Davros", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": "Davros", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": "eyestalk", "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "Master", "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": "1989", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": "Eric Roberts", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "Professor Moriarty to the Doctor's Sherlock Holmes\", the character first appeared in 1971", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "Roger Delgado", "572814882ca10214002d9d72": "John Simm", "572814882ca10214002d9d73": "Utopia\"", "572814882ca10214002d9d74": "Dark Water", "572814882ca10214002d9d75": "Time Lady", "572814882ca10214002d9d76": "Michelle Gomez", "572816213acd2414000df429": "Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42a": "Dick Mills", "572816213acd2414000df42b": "musique concr\u00e8te", "572816213acd2414000df42c": "17", "572816213acd2414000df42d": ".", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": "Peter Howell", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "R", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": "Seventh Doctor's era", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "Murray Gold", "572817802ca10214002d9db4": "2005 Christmas episode \"The Christmas Invasion", "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "the Damned", "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": "Classic FM", "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": "Gold returned as composer for the 2010 series. He was responsible for a new version of the theme", "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": "50th Anniversary special \"The Day of the Doctor\" in November 2013", "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "Gold", "572819864b864d190016447e": "Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d190016447f": "group Mankind", "572819864b864d1900164480": "number 24", "572819864b864d1900164481": "Timelords", "572819864b864d1900164482": "disco version of the theme was released in the UK, Denmark and Australia by the group Mankind", "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "Dudley Simpson", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": "Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": "first 15 years", "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": "Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": "15 years", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": "Murray Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "19 November 2006", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "July 2008 in the Royal Albert Hall", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "27 July 2008", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": "Murray Gold and Ben Foster", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "2005", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": "4 October 2010", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "A Christmas Carol", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": "November 2010", "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor) was reused in a slightly modified format for the 50th anniversary special \"The Day of the Doctor", "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "Eleventh Doctor had the \"DW\" TARDIS insignia placed to the right in 2012", "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "primary", "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": "1973\u201380", "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor) was reused in a slightly modified format for the 50th anniversary special \"The Day of the Doctor", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "assassination of John F. Kennedy", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "repeated", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "late 1970s, when Tom Baker", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "circa 1964\u20131965", "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "BBC Three", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": "16 million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": "Control", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": "five", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": "soap opera", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": "series' revival in 2005", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": "November", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": "TVNZ", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": "15 days before the BBC One showing, and two days before it aired on Fox in the United States", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": "two days before it aired on Fox in the United States", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": "November", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": "ABC", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": "1983", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": "SyFy", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": "all available classic episodes starting in 2003, for the show's 40th anniversary", "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": "ABC) since January 1965", "572825714b864d1900164590": "Three Doctors", "572825714b864d1900164591": "Three Doctors", "572825714b864d1900164592": "2005", "572825714b864d1900164593": "Weng-Chiang", "572825714b864d1900164594": "Judith Merril", "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": "Christopher Eccleston", "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": "excerpts from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary", "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": "Christmas Invasion", "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": "9 October 2006", "572826762ca10214002d9f30": "9 October 2006", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": "United Kingdom", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": "Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc and many have also been released on Betamax tape and Video 2000", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": "Infinite Quest", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": "July 2013", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "July 2013", "572828383acd2414000df5c3": "Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times", "572828383acd2414000df5c4": "Pertwee", "572828383acd2414000df5c5": "Curse of the Daleks", "572828383acd2414000df5c6": "Doctor", "572828383acd2414000df5c7": "Banks", "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": "Torchwood", "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": "Doctor Who\"), set in modern-day Cardiff and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on BBC Three", "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": "Doctor", "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": "Miracle Day", "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": "United States", "57282f204b864d190016468a": "Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith", "57282f204b864d190016468b": "24 September 2007", "57282f204b864d190016468c": "New Year's Day 2007", "57282f204b864d190016468d": "David Tennant", "57282f204b864d190016468e": "autumn 2011", "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": "charity special, titled Dimensions in Time", "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": "Children", "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": "EastEnders", "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": "one darkened", "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": "Pulfrich", "572831512ca10214002da04a": "Fatal Death, was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS", "572831512ca10214002da04b": "Comic Relief and later released on VHS", "572831512ca10214002da04c": ".", "572831512ca10214002da04d": ".", "572831512ca10214002da04e": "Steven Moffat", "572833662ca10214002da086": "Next Generation", "572833662ca10214002da087": "Blue Harvest", "572833662ca10214002da088": "Queer as Folk", "572833662ca10214002da089": "Oliver on Coupling (created and written by current show runner Steven Moffat", "572833662ca10214002da08a": "High Wizardry", "572834524b864d1900164716": "the Fourth Doctor", "572834524b864d1900164717": "LP record", "572834524b864d1900164718": "Doctor Who and the Pescatons featuring the Fourth Doctor", "572834524b864d1900164719": "LP record", "572834524b864d190016471a": "Slipback", "572835854b864d190016472e": "1999", "572835854b864d190016472f": "2012", "572835854b864d1900164730": "Big Finish Productions", "572835854b864d1900164731": "2012", "572835854b864d1900164732": "Tom Baker", "572836732ca10214002da0dc": "extensive line of original fiction was launched, the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures", "572836732ca10214002da0dd": "1979", "572836732ca10214002da0de": "younger fans", "572836732ca10214002da0df": "younger fans", "572836732ca10214002da0e0": "BBC Books", "572837402ca10214002da0f4": "BBC Television", "572837402ca10214002da0f5": "BBC Television", "572837402ca10214002da0f6": "producers of the show", "572837402ca10214002da0f7": "BBC", "572838323acd2414000df737": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df738": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df739": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df73a": "Matt Smith", "572838323acd2414000df73b": "Best Supporting Actress", "57283a392ca10214002da118": "Guinness World Records as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world", "57283a392ca10214002da119": "50th anniversary special", "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "electronic music", "57283a392ca10214002da11b": "2013", "57283a392ca10214002da11c": "50th anniversary special", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": "Season 11", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": "Doctor Who", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": "the British Film Institute and voted on by industry professionals", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "SFX magazine", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "Channel 4 countdown in 2001", "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": "Best Drama Series", "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": "Best Drama Series", "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": "recognition from critics", "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": "Top Gear and The Apprentice", "57283ce72ca10214002da150": "4", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": "Short Form", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": "over 200 awards", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": "National Television awards alongside Karen Gillan who won Best Actress. Doctor Who has been nominated for over 200 awards", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "Doctor Who star Matt Smith", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "Best Dramatic Presentation", "57283e652ca10214002da166": "Spike Milligan", "57283e652ca10214002da167": "Jon Culshaw", "57283e652ca10214002da168": "comedians including Spike Milligan (a Dalek invades his bathroom \u2014 Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge", "57283e652ca10214002da16a": "Doctor", "57283e652ca10214002da169": "Dead Ringers", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "College", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "Business", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "private research university in Chicago. The university, established in 1890, consists of The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "College", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "various academic disciplines", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "physics", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "Chicago Press", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "the university and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1891, and the first classes were held in 1892", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "Marshall Field", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "Marshall Field's pledge of $100,000", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Marshall Field", "572843304b864d1900164848": "Chicago", "572843304b864d1900164849": "Mount Carroll, Illinois", "572843304b864d190016484a": "senior from an affiliated school", "572843304b864d190016484b": "University of Chicago professors", "572843304b864d190016484c": "1910", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "Common Core", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "1929", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "Hutchins", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "early 1950s", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "early 1950s", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "second year", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "controversial urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "Shimer College", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "1962", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "1962, when students occupied President George Beadle's office in a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "university committee in 1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "university committee in 1967", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "mid-2000s", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "Milton Friedman Institute", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "$200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "faculty members and students", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G. Booth", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Chicago campus", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Cobb, Shepley", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen Tower", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Church Hall", "57284d484b864d1900164900": "1940s", "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", "57284d484b864d1900164902": "Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164903": "Social Service Administration;, a building which is to become the home of the Harris School of Public Policy Studies by Edward Durrell Stone", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "1999 and updated in 2004", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "Singapore", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "left", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "fall 2010, the University of Chicago also opened a center in Beijing, near Renmin University's campus in Haidian District", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Renmin University's campus in Haidian District", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2010", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "university President", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50 members including the university President", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "Provost", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Robert Zimmer", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "Higher Learning Commission", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "seven professional schools", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "graduate research", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "28 minors", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "50 academic majors", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "Chicago", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "Biological Sciences", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "the Common Core", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "full-time professor", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "rigorous", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Undergraduate courses", "572855973acd2414000df925": "day care", "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df927": "Urban Education Institute", "572855973acd2414000df928": "South Side of Chicago administered by the university", "572855973acd2414000df929": "school for students with learning disabilities", "572856beff5b5019007da190": "six libraries that contain a total of 9.8 million volumes", "572856beff5b5019007da191": "six libraries that contain a total of 9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", "572856beff5b5019007da194": "biological, medical and physical sciences", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "research centers", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "National Resource Centers, including the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Chicago", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Oriental Institute", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "Sunspot", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "free market", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "Miller\u2013Urey experiment", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "Cinema & Media studies since 2000", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "music composition", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "art history", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "art history", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "non-major", "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df986": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df987": "3,468 students in its four graduate divisions, 5,984 students in its professional schools, and 15", "572863363acd2414000df988": "international", "572863363acd2414000df989": "domestic ethnic minorities", "572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic", "572864542ca10214002da2df": "I", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "1946", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "RSOs", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Student Organizations", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "College Bowl Team", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Doc Films", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "Off-Off Campus", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "undergraduate students", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "an Executive Committee", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "Executive Committee, chaired by a President with the assistance of two Vice Presidents, one for Administration", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "$2 million", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "Chicago", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "Chicago", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Phi Omega", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "Chicago", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "Chicago", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "January", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "FOTA) takes over campus for 7\u201310 days of exhibitions and interactive artistic endeavors. Every January", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Cubs", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": ".", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Oracle Corporation founder", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "Cubs", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "founder", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "President Bill Clinton David Axelrod", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Shirakawa", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "political philosopher, literary critic", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "political philosopher", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "literary critic", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "Allan Bloom, ''The Good War\" author Studs Terkel", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Philip Roth", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "minimal", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Alex Seropian", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "ner", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Mike Nichols, film director and screenwriter Philip Kaufman", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "M", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "M.Sc).", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "Goodenough", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Clair Cameron Patterson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "economics", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Conservative", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama, known for his work on portfolio theory, asset pricing and stock market behaviour", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": ".", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Security Planning for the National Security Council Samuel P. Huntington", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "calculator A. A. Michelson", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Arthur H. Compton", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Fermi", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Edward Teller", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "faculty", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Alberto Calder\u00f3n", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Fujita", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Nobel Prize winner Yuan T. Lee", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Raghuram Rajan", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Goldman Sachs Chairman and CEO Hank Paulson", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": ".", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": ".", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "the Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "1271", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "Heaven", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Ming dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "dynasty", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "1271", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "language", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Mongolian script: ), meaning \"Great Yuan Great Mongol State", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Great Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "G\u00fcy\u00fck", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "M\u00f6ngke Khan succeeded \u00d6gedei's son, G\u00fcy\u00fck, as Great Khan in 1251. He granted his brother", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Jin", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000 troops", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "4", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "mother", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Shi Tianze's mother", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Bingzhi", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Chagaan", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "Ariq B\u00f6ke", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "traditional Chinese dynasties and adopting the Chinese era name of Zhongtong", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "south", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "1259 by installing the hostage prince Wonjong", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "western frontier of Kublai's domain. The hostile but weakened Song dynasty", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "Secretariat", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "Han Chinese", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "Confucian imperial examinations", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "Mongol interests in China", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "sage emperor by following the rituals of Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "paper banknotes (\u9214, Chao", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China to Daidu", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "southern China to Daidu", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "south with the Song Emperor", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "K", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "China", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture the rich Yangzi River basin", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "1279", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1279", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "1281 failed because of an inauspicious typhoon", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Dai Viet", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng (1288", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "Zhenjin", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "Crown Prince", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Emperor Chengzong", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "Emperor Chengzong", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "han", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "discontent", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng, a Confucian academic", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "\u5927\u5143\u901a\u5236", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five princes", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "Shangdu", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "War of the Two Capitals", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "Kusala", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Ragibagh", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "his cultural contribution", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "cultural", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Jingshi Dadian", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "El Tem\u00fcr", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "zong", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "Bayan", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "Bayan", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Liao, Jin, and Song", "572872822ca10214002da374": "intrigues and rivalries", "572872822ca10214002da375": "Asia", "572872822ca10214002da376": "short and marked by intrigues and rivalries. Uninterested in administration, they were separated from both the army", "572872822ca10214002da377": "Outlaws", "572872822ca10214002da378": "rivalries", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "droughts, floods", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "Turban", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "fear of betrayal", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": ".", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368\u20131644), founded by Zhu Yuanzhang", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "Asia", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "West Asian and European contacts", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "Eastern crops", "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western", "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "the Yuan government", "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian governmental practices and examinations based on the Classics", "572879574b864d1900164a18": "travel literature, cartography, geography", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "Great Khan", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "milione", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "Persian traders", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "astronomer Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "scientists", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "China", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "Eternal Heaven", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "1271", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "1271", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "foreign domination", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "native Chinese dynasties, the Yuan bureaucracy actually consisted of a mix of elements", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "Six Ministries", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "civil, military, and censorial offices", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "central government administration", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "Privy Council", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "central government departments", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "departments", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "Privy Council", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tugh Temur", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "r", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "Chinese tenants eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "Chinese art", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "painting, poetry, and calligraphy at this time many of the artists practicing these different pursuits were the same individuals", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Song", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "qu", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "classical Chinese art", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "western", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Khan", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Khanbaliq (modern Beijing", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249\u20131314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249\u20131314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "Gou", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "cubic interpolation formula", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li (\u6388\u6642\u66a6) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281 as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty", "572881022ca10214002da416": "non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans", "572881022ca10214002da417": "traditional Mongol shamans. The Mongols characterized otachi doctors by their use of herbal remedies", "572881022ca10214002da418": "spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism", "572881022ca10214002da419": "medical treatises and the education of new doctors", "572881022ca10214002da41a": "Kublai", "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four Great", "572881704b864d1900164a51": "Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "Mongols", "572881704b864d1900164a53": "Four Great Schools", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "suspension method for reducing dislocated joints, which he performed using anesthetics. The Mongol physician Hu Sihui", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "1263 during the reign of Kublai", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "physicians", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "humoral system contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing", "572882242ca10214002da420": "Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries", "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type", "572882242ca10214002da422": "the 12th century", "572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "bronze plates", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "paper money of the Yuan. Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1294", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "feudalism", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "Mongols", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "colonial", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "Ilkhanate", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Central Asian Muslims", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Central Asia", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Bukhara", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "Qara-Khitay", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "corruption", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "corruption", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "barracks\" and could also mean \"thanks", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "semu class", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "social classes", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "rich and well socially standing Chinese while there were less rich Mongol and Semu", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "Semu", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Southern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "Northern Chinese were ranked higher", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "Southern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "era", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": ".", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "Korean King", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "Central Region, consisting of present-day Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "Khanbaliq", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Khanbaliq", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Central Secretariat (or Zhongshu Sheng) at Khanbaliq (modern Beijing", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Khanbaliq", "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": "Republic", "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": "EAC", "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": "Nairobi", "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": "Uganda", "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": "45 million people", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": "warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": "Nairobi", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Mount Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "Ethiopia", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": "diverse climate and geography", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": "Lower Paleolithic period", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": "first millennium AD", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": "Nilotic", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": "December 1963", "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": "Mount Kenya", "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "Mount Kenya. The origin of the name Kenya is not clear, but perhaps linked to the Kikuyu", "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "all three languages", "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": "Kenia and Kegnia", "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "very precise", "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": "Joseph Thompsons", "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": "Joseph", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "Big Five\" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": "game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "Kenya", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "June", "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "constant clockwise fashion, searching for food and water supplies", "5728fa576aef051400154920": "20 million years", "5728fa576aef051400154921": "erectus", "5728fa576aef051400154922": "Richard Leakey assisted by Kamoya Kimeu", "5728fa576aef051400154923": "erectus", "5728fa576aef051400154924": "Mary Leakey and Louis Leakey", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": "Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "Portuguese voyager Duarte Barbosa", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": "Coast", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": "Malindi", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": ".", "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": "August 1914", "5729024f1d04691400778f60": "direct hostilities", "5729024f1d04691400778f61": "Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f62": "guerrilla warfare campaign", "5729024f1d04691400778f63": "Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia", "572903d96aef0514001549a4": "over a million", "572903d96aef0514001549a5": "million members of the Kikuyu people, most of whom had no land claims in European terms and lived as itinerant farmers", "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "settlers banned the growing of coffee, introduced a hut tax", "572903d96aef0514001549a7": "80", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "China", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "Dedan Kimathi", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "24 April 1954, after weeks of planning by the army with the approval of the War Council", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": "42% of the total insurgents", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "Swynnerton Plan", "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "Legislative Council", "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": "Jomo Kenyatta", "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "1957", "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "United Kingdom", "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya each came to an end on 12 December 1963 with independence", "572909406aef0514001549dc": "queuing", "572909406aef0514001549dd": "widespread agitation for constitutional reform", "572909406aef0514001549de": "multiparty elections in 1992 and 1997, Daniel arap Moi", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": "Executive power", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": "government", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": "the government", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "National Assembly and the Senate", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "Judiciary", "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": "27/100", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": "Corruption Perception Index", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "corruption from the Kenyan government", "57290d811d04691400778fcf": "the Party of National Unity", "57290d811d04691400778fd0": "Party of National Unity", "57290d811d04691400778fd1": "complicity", "57290d811d04691400778fd2": "Odinga declaring himself the \"people's president\" and calling for a recount", "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": "election riots, the government and civil society organisations started programmes to avoid similar disasters in the future", "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "Kenya", "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": "Kenya", "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": "D+C Development and Cooperation", "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": "coalition government", "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": "second Prime Minister", "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": "both PNU and ODM camps", "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": "cabinet ministers from both PNU and ODM camps depending on each party's strength in Parliament", "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": "Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "authority", "57290f963f37b31900477fec": "Jakaya Kikwete", "57290f963f37b31900477fed": "ceremony", "57290f963f37b31900477fee": "PNU and ODM", "57290f963f37b31900477fef": "two political parties", "572913626aef051400154a30": ".", "572913626aef051400154a31": "August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a32": "2010", "572913626aef051400154a33": "27 August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a34": "Second Republic", "572914441d04691400779025": "2014", "572914441d04691400779026": "Security Laws Amendment", "572914441d04691400779027": "human rights groups, and nine Western countries", "572914441d04691400779028": "Opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries", "572914441d04691400779029": "United States", "572914f46aef051400154a46": "President Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto", "572914f46aef051400154a47": "President Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto related to the 2007 election aftermath, US President Barack Obama", "572914f46aef051400154a48": "China at the invitation of President Xi Jinping", "572914f46aef051400154a49": "July 2015", "572915621d0469140077902f": "peacekeeping missions", "572915621d04691400779030": "December 2007 and the violence", "572915621d04691400779031": "human rights violations", "572915e43f37b31900478005": "many government institutions", "572915e43f37b31900478006": "notoriety", "572915e43f37b31900478007": "in 2010", "572915e43f37b31900478008": "certain decisions of procurement", "572916f16aef051400154a56": "Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.519", "572916f16aef051400154a57": "Kenya", "572916f16aef051400154a58": "As of 2005", "572916f16aef051400154a59": "a frontier market or occasionally an emerging market", "572917743f37b3190047800d": "the service sector", "572917743f37b3190047800f": "food aid", "572917743f37b31900478010": "food aid", "572917743f37b3190047800e": "22", "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism", "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": "tourism", "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "independence and by the late 1980s", "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "coastal beaches and the game reserves", "572917ff6aef051400154a61": "Germany", "572918bd3f37b31900478016": "forestry and fishing", "572918bd3f37b31900478017": "tea, horticultural produce, and coffee", "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "service sector", "572918bd3f37b31900478018": "sharp weather-related fluctuations. Production downturns periodically necessitate food aid", "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "ICRISAT", "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties, instead of maize", "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "Successive projects", "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "local producer prices by 20\u201325% in Nairobi and Mombasa", "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "local producer prices by 20\u201325% in Nairobi and Mombasa", "57291b461d04691400779049": "the fertile highlands", "57291b461d0469140077904a": "corn, and wheat", "57291b461d0469140077904b": "savanna", "57291b461d0469140077904c": "53% of the population lives below the poverty line", "57291b461d0469140077904d": "Kenyans for Kenya", "57291beb1d04691400779053": "Kenya", "57291beb1d04691400779054": "14%", "57291beb1d04691400779055": "Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu", "57291beb1d04691400779056": "household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements", "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "AGOA", "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "2000", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "hydroelectric stations at dams", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "hydroelectric stations at dams along the upper Tana River", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": "KenGen", "57291f153f37b31900478043": "Turkana", "57291f153f37b31900478044": "10 billion", "57291f153f37b31900478045": "still continuing", "57291f153f37b31900478046": "20", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": "474 million", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": "$474 million", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": "60", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": "China. About 25,000 tonnes of ilmenite", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": "social problems", "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": "Vision 2030", "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": "economic development programme", "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": "Climate Change Action Plan, having acknowledged that omitting climate as a key development issue in Vision 2030 was an oversight. The 200-page", "57292046af94a219006aa0be": "economic development programme it hopes will put the country in the same league as the Asian Economic Tigers by the year 2030", "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": "climate change", "572920d73f37b31900478055": "active in agriculture", "572920d73f37b31900478056": "30% of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution", "572920d73f37b31900478057": "9\u201318", "572920d73f37b31900478058": "poverty", "572921646aef051400154a78": "English", "572921646aef051400154a79": "English and Swahili", "572921646aef051400154a7a": "British", "572921646aef051400154a7b": "local dialect", "572922206aef051400154a8a": "Protestant", "572922206aef051400154a8b": "Orthodox", "572922206aef051400154a8c": "Kenya", "572922206aef051400154a8d": "Nairobi", "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": "10% of the country's Muslims, where they constitute the majority religious group.", "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "50", "57292449af94a219006aa0df": "Christian", "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "Kenya", "572924b53f37b31900478067": "officers, medical officers and medical practitioners", "572924b53f37b31900478068": "clinical officers", "572924b53f37b31900478069": "8,600 clinical officers and 7,000 doctors", "572924b53f37b3190047806a": "43 million people", "572925491d046914007790c3": "Diseases of poverty", "572925491d046914007790c4": "Half", "572925491d046914007790c5": "Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition", "572925491d046914007790c6": "poor leadership in the public health sector", "572925491d046914007790c7": "estimated 15 million", "572925a81d046914007790cd": "British colonists", "572925a81d046914007790ce": "12 December 1963", "572925a81d046914007790cf": "Ominde Commission", "572925a81d046914007790d0": "authority named the Ominde Commission was formed to introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty", "572925a81d046914007790d1": "1985", "572926086aef051400154ac2": "look at both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya", "572926086aef051400154ac3": "Kenya", "572926086aef051400154ac4": "Kenya", "572926086aef051400154ac5": "Kenyan Universities in 1992", "572926653f37b31900478079": "January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807a": "January 1985. It put more emphasis on vocational subjects", "572926653f37b3190047807b": "January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807c": "2003", "572926653f37b3190047807d": "primary education", "572926d23f37b31900478083": "age six years", "572926d23f37b31900478084": "high school", "572926d23f37b31900478085": "high school or secondary school", "572926d23f37b31900478086": "Basic formal education", "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "85%", "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "6/7-13/14 years", "5729276c1d046914007790d9": "First Grade", "5729276c1d046914007790da": "Primary Education", "5729276c1d046914007790db": "Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education", "572927d06aef051400154ade": "Kenya National Library Service (KNLS", "572927d06aef051400154adf": "Kenya", "572927d06aef051400154ae0": "a peoples university", "572927d06aef051400154ae1": "peoples university", "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": "several sports, among them cricket", "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "middle-distance and long-distance athletics", "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "Kalenjin", "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "Kalenjin", "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "six gold, four silver and four bronze", "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "medals", "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "800", "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "Kenyan athletics circles", "572928bf6aef051400154af4": "economic or financial factors", "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": "women's volleyball within Africa", "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": "Cricket", "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": "2003 tournament", "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": "Rakep Patel", "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": "2007", "57292994af94a219006aa131": "world famous Safari Rally", "57292994af94a219006aa132": "Kenya", "57292994af94a219006aa133": "Bj\u00f6rn Waldeg\u00e5rd", "572929d56aef051400154b0a": "three meals in a day \u2013 breakfast", "572929d56aef051400154b0b": "4 pm tea (chai ya saa kumi). Breakfast is usually tea or porridge", "572929d56aef051400154b0c": ".", "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "Ugali", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological", "57293b843f37b31900478134": "member governments", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC", "57293b843f37b31900478137": "United Nations General Assembly", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "IPCC", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Gizouli", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Bureau", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "Rajendra", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations. Participation of delegates", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350 government officials and climate change experts", "57293c246aef051400154bba": "Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations may be allowed to attend as observers", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "observers", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "UNEP", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "UNEP", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "climate related data", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change based on published sources", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "non-peer-reviewed sources", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "research", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "contributing authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "coordinating lead authors\", ten to fifteen \"lead authors\", and a somewhat larger number of \"contributing authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "Working Group chairs", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "lead authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "Working Group chairs", "57293e221d046914007791d5": "executive summary", "57293e221d046914007791d6": "human activities", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "CO2", "57293e221d046914007791d8": ".", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C over the last 100 years", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "16 national science academies", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16 national science academies", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "climate change", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "climate change", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "TAR", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "full WGI report", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "co-chair of TAR WGI", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "specific topics", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN", "572940246aef051400154bec": "Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", "572940246aef051400154bed": "default emission factors", "572940246aef051400154bee": "default emission factors, which are factors used to derive emissions estimates", "572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC from the WWF report", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC from the WWF report", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "2035", "572941273f37b319004781ad": "chairman", "572941273f37b319004781ae": "Robert Watson has said \"The mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction", "572941273f37b319004781af": "climate expert who had been co-chair of the IPCC working group II", "572941273f37b319004781b0": "climate change", "572941273f37b319004781b1": "glaciers", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "Michael E. Mann", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "MBH99), which has been referred to as the \"hockey stick graph", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Jones et al. 1998", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "temperatures between 1000 and 1900", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project held a press event on Capitol Hill", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "Commerce, Science and Transportation hearing on 18 July 2000", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation hearing", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "full records on climate research", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "personal information about their finances and careers", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "intimidating scientists", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "TAR", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "AR4", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "divergence problem", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "Crowley & Lowery 2000", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "temperature and sea level change", "572945b11d04691400779230": "sea level change with observations", "572945b11d04691400779231": "sea level change with observations", "572945b11d04691400779232": "study was published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report in 2001", "572949306aef051400154c68": "sea levels", "572949306aef051400154c69": "2001", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "IPCC", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": ".", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Fifth Assessment Report conceded in Science Magazine", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "Michael", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "Montreal Protocol", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "Climate Change", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "science consensus while states and governments", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "global warming", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution of emission reductions", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge was based as well on successfully reducing regional burden sharing conflicts", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "the UK government", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "independently documented results from other scientific bodies", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "lead IPCC report authors", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "climate scientists", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": ".", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", "572953013f37b3190047824d": "photosynthesis", "572953013f37b3190047824e": "oxygen from water", "572953013f37b3190047824f": "ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water", "572953013f37b31900478250": "carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle", "572953013f37b31900478251": "algae up to 100 in plants like Arabidopsis and wheat", "5729544c3f37b31900478257": "plant cells", "5729544c3f37b31900478258": "like light color and intensity", "5729544c3f37b31900478259": ".", "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": "NA", "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": "cells", "572956c86aef051400154d1a": "plants and algae", "572956c86aef051400154d1b": "Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905", "572956c86aef051400154d1c": "Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905 after Andreas Schimper", "572956c86aef051400154d1d": "Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905", "572956c86aef051400154d1e": "1883", "572957361d046914007792cf": "blue-green algae", "572957361d046914007792d0": "gram-negative", "572957361d046914007792d2": "cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d3": "two cell membranes. Like chloroplasts, they have thylakoids", "572957361d046914007792d1": "chloroplasts. They are sometimes called blue-green algae", "572957ad1d046914007792d9": "free-living cyanobacterium entered an early eukaryotic cell, either as food", "572957ad1d046914007792da": "a billion years", "572957ad1d046914007792db": "innermost lipid-bilayer membranes", "572957ad1d046914007792dc": "phagosomal membrane from the host, which was probably lost", "572957ad1d046914007792dd": "the nucleus of the host", "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "primary plastids (\"plastid\" in this context means almost the same thing as chloroplast", "5729582b1d046914007792e4": "three", "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "red algal", "5729582b1d046914007792e6": "green", "5729582b1d046914007792e7": "green chloroplast lineage. The second two are the largest, and the green", "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "three primary chloroplast lineages, being found in only 13 species", "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": "glaucophyte", "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "also", "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "carboxysome", "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": "thylakoids", "57295a116aef051400154d44": "phycobilin", "57295a116aef051400154d45": "chlorophyll a", "57295a116aef051400154d46": "deep water", "57295a116aef051400154d47": "deep water", "57295a116aef051400154d48": "starch", "57295b5b1d04691400779315": "glaucophyte", "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "accessory pigments", "57295b5b1d04691400779317": "green", "57295b5b1d04691400779318": "chloroplast division", "57295b5b1d04691400779319": "chlorophyll b", "572961f61d04691400779359": "a double", "572961f61d0469140077935a": "double membrane from their cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary chloroplasts have additional membranes outside of the original two", "572961f61d0469140077935b": "result", "572961f61d0469140077935c": "double membrane from their cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary chloroplasts have additional membranes outside of the original two", "572961f61d0469140077935d": "only its chloroplast", "572962953f37b319004782f5": "three membranes", "572962953f37b319004782f6": "common flagellated", "572962953f37b319004782f7": "groups of three", "572962953f37b319004782f8": "Starch", "572962953f37b319004782f9": "three membranes\u2014it is thought that the membrane", "572963221d04691400779385": "cry", "572963221d04691400779386": "four membranes", "572963221d04691400779387": "nucleomorph", "572963221d04691400779388": "ordinary starch, which is stored in granules", "572963221d04691400779389": "stacks of two", "572963876aef051400154dd2": "helicosproidia", "572963876aef051400154dd3": "dium", "572963876aef051400154dd4": "the malaria parasite", "572963876aef051400154dd5": "Many", "572963876aef051400154dd6": "amylopectin starch granules", "5729645b3f37b31900478321": "iron-sulfur clusters", "5729645b3f37b31900478322": "apicomplexan", "5729645b3f37b31900478323": "isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", "5729645b3f37b31900478324": ".", "5729645b3f37b31900478325": "bounded by four", "572965566aef051400154e00": "Peridinin", "572965566aef051400154e01": "carotenoid pigment", "572965566aef051400154e02": "triplet-stacked thylakoids. Starch", "572965566aef051400154e03": ".", "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "Karenia", "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "Karlodinium", "572965e73f37b3190047832d": "four", "572965e73f37b3190047832e": "six", "572966626aef051400154e13": "cryptophyte", "572966626aef051400154e14": "kleptoplast", "572966626aef051400154e12": "two", "572966626aef051400154e15": "kleptoplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": ".", "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": "red", "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "up to five", "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": "five membranes, (depending on whether you count the entire diatom endosymbiont as the chloroplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": "own food\u2014its starch is found in granules", "572967e31d046914007793b1": "all the nucleomorph genes have been transferred to the dinophyte nucleus", "572967e31d046914007793b2": "Lepidodinium", "572967e31d046914007793b3": "dinophytes that lost their original peridinin chloroplast", "572967e31d046914007793b4": "dinophytes", "572967e31d046914007793b5": "last", "5729686d1d046914007793c1": "endosymbiotic events", "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "early stages of endosymbiosis, Paulinella chromatophora can offer some insights", "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "three million base pair Synechococcus genome", "5729686d1d046914007793c4": "three million base pair", "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "three million base pair Synechococcus genome", "572968cf1d046914007793cb": "ctDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cc": "plastome", "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "1962", "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "liverwort and tobacco", "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco", "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": "land plants", "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "plants", "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "rest", "572969f51d046914007793dd": "microscopy", "572969f51d046914007793de": "two", "572969f51d046914007793e0": "rolling circle", "572969f51d046914007793df": "double displacement loop", "572969f51d046914007793e1": "double displacement loop", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": "A \u2192 G deamination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": "single stranded", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": "leading theory today; however, a second theory suggests that most cpDNA is actually linear and replicates through homologous recombination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": "leading theory today; however, a second theory suggests that most cpDNA is actually linear and replicates through homologous recombination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": "circular chromosomes", "57296ab93f37b31900478369": "most cpDNA is linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication structures similar to bacteriophage T4", "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": "complex structures", "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": "linear cpDNA, such as maize", "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": "D loop mechanism", "57296b151d046914007793f1": "many chromalveolate lineages. Even if a chloroplast is eventually lost, the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus", "57296b151d046914007793f2": "many green algal", "57296b151d046914007793f3": "red algal", "57296b151d046914007793f4": "red algal", "57296bf96aef051400154e52": "nonfunctional pseudogenes", "57296bf96aef051400154e53": "around half", "57296bf96aef051400154e54": "secretory pathway", "57296bf96aef051400154e55": "cytosol, you have to cross the cell membrane", "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": "a ribosome", "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "ribosome", "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": "many proteins", "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "many proteins", "57296cb21d04691400779403": "single chloroplast that can be shaped like a net", "57296cb21d04691400779404": "lens-shaped", "57296cb21d04691400779405": "lens-shaped", "57296cb21d04691400779406": "single chloroplast that can be shaped like a net", "57296cb21d04691400779407": "algae", "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": "double membrane", "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": "inner chloroplast membranes", "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": "homologous", "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": "the mitochondrial double membrane", "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": "function", "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": "mitochondria", "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "thylakoid system", "57296d8d1d04691400779421": "internal thylakoid system", "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "Stromules", "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "tubule", "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "1962", "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "1962", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": "C4 plants", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": "C4 plants", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": "continuous", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": ".", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": "small vesicles sometimes observed may serve as transport vesicles to shuttle stuff between the thylakoids", "57296eb01d04691400779435": "bacterial ribosomes, chloroplast translation is more complex than in bacteria", "57296eb01d04691400779436": "bacterial ribosomes, chloroplast translation is more complex than in bacteria", "57296eb01d04691400779437": "17 nm vs 25 nm", "57296eb01d04691400779438": "motifs for shine-dalgarno sequence recognition", "57296eb01d04691400779439": "prokaryotes", "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "ch", "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": "singular", "57296eee6aef051400154e90": "singular", "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "singular", "57296eee6aef051400154e92": "lipid monolayer", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "parent thylakoid", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": "thylakoid network", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": "normal green chloroplasts, the vast majority of plastoglobuli occur singularly", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": "old or stressed chloroplasts, plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains", "57296f85af94a219006aa403": "plants", "57296f85af94a219006aa404": "star", "57296f85af94a219006aa405": "plants", "57296f85af94a219006aa406": "star", "57296f85af94a219006aa407": ".", "57296fd71d0469140077943f": "helical thylakoid", "57296fd71d04691400779440": "circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes", "57296fd71d04691400779441": "a hundred thylakoids, though grana with 10", "57296fd71d04691400779442": "a hundred thylakoids, though grana with 10", "57296fd71d04691400779443": "lamellar thylakoids", "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": "light energy and use it to energize electrons", "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": "chlorophyll and carotenoids that absorb light energy and use it to energize electrons", "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": "carotenoids that absorb light energy and use it to energize electrons", "5729703d3f37b319004783be": "hydrogen ions", "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "large protein complex", "572970916aef051400154eba": "granal thylakoids, which are arranged in grana", "572970916aef051400154ebb": "stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebc": "grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebe": "pancake-shaped circular disks", "572970916aef051400154ebd": "stromal", "57297103af94a219006aa423": "about thirty", "57297103af94a219006aa424": "thirty photosynthetic carotenoids. They help transfer and dissipate excess energy", "57297103af94a219006aa425": "some land plants", "57297103af94a219006aa426": "bright red-orange carotenoid found in nearly all chloroplasts, like chlorophyll a", "57297103af94a219006aa427": "orange-red zeaxanthin", "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": ".", "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": "red algae red", "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": "red algae red", "5729714daf94a219006aa430": "large protein complexes", "5729714daf94a219006aa431": "photosystem I and ATP synthase, phycobilisomes jut into the stroma", "572971af6aef051400154ede": "rubisco", "572971af6aef051400154edf": "enzyme called rubisco. Rubisco has a problem\u2014it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen", "572971af6aef051400154ee0": "enzyme called rubisco. Rubisco has a problem\u2014it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen", "572971af6aef051400154ee1": "Calvin cycle", "572971af6aef051400154ee2": "CO2", "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": "bundle sheath cells are specialized for each stage of photosynthesis", "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": "light reactions, so they lack rubisco", "5729723c6aef051400154eea": "light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": "CO2 in a four-carbon compound", "5729723c6aef051400154eec": "light reactions", "5729729a1d0469140077948b": "green", "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948d": "parenchyma", "5729729a1d0469140077948e": "collenchyma tissue", "5729729a1d0469140077948f": "land", "572972f46aef051400154ef2": "stems", "572972f46aef051400154ef3": "the leaves", "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "leaf", "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "One square millimeter of leaf tissue", "572972f46aef051400154ef5": "mesophyll", "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": "low-light conditions, they will spread out in a sheet", "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": "intense light", "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "columns along the plant cell's cell wall or turning sideways so that light strikes them edge-on. This reduces exposure", "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "few big ones", "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "Mitochondria", "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": "two main immune responses", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": "reactive oxygen species", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": "signals", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": "reactive oxygen species", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "Chloroplasts stimulate both responses by purposely damaging their photosynthetic system, producing reactive oxygen species", "57297427af94a219006aa453": "reactive oxygen species", "57297427af94a219006aa454": "reactive oxygen species", "57297427af94a219006aa455": "reactive oxygen species are unstable molecules", "57297427af94a219006aa456": "gene expression in the nucleus", "572974923f37b3190047840b": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840c": "photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840d": "light is transformed into chemical energy, to subsequently produce food", "572974923f37b3190047840e": "Water", "572974923f37b3190047840f": ".", "572975073f37b31900478415": ".", "572975073f37b31900478416": "thylakoid space", "572975073f37b31900478417": "concentration gradient", "572975073f37b31900478418": "stroma", "572975073f37b31900478419": "synthase", "572975511d046914007794a7": "NADP+", "572975511d046914007794a8": "cyclic photophosphorylation", "572975511d046914007794a9": "C4 plants", "572975511d046914007794aa": "more ATP than NADPH", "572975a3af94a219006aa465": "Calvin cycle", "572975a3af94a219006aa466": "dark reactions", "572975a3af94a219006aa467": "three", "572975a3af94a219006aa468": "dark reactions", "572976183f37b31900478431": "glucose monomers", "572976183f37b31900478432": "thylakoids", "572976183f37b31900478433": "thylakoids", "572976183f37b31900478434": "Waterlogged", "572976183f37b31900478435": "low photosynthesis rates", "572976791d046914007794af": "O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP", "572976791d046914007794b0": "Rubisco", "572976791d046914007794b1": "Rubisco cannot distinguish between oxygen and carbon dioxide very well, so it can accidentally add O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP", "572976791d046914007794b2": "half the carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle", "572976791d046914007794b3": "distinct chloroplast dimorphism", "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": "stroma", "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": "cysteine", "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": ".", "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": ".", "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "terms", "57297725af94a219006aa49c": "undifferentiated proplastids found in the zygote, or fertilized egg", "57297725af94a219006aa49d": "meristems", "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "amyloplasts", "5729779b6aef051400154f62": "chloroplast formation", "5729779b6aef051400154f63": ".", "5729779b6aef051400154f64": "prolamellar body", "5729779b6aef051400154f65": "yellow", "5729779b6aef051400154f66": "Gymnosperms", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": "proplastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": "proplastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": "Starch", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "straight", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": ".", "5729784b1d046914007794c9": "filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794ca": "filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cb": "protein ARC6, form a structure called a Z-ring", "5729784b1d046914007794cc": "structure called a Z-ring within the chloroplast's stroma", "5729784b1d046914007794cd": "The Min system", "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": "inner plastid-dividing ring is located in the inner side of the chloroplast's inner membrane, and is formed first", "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": "outer", "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": "first", "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "5 nanometers across", "5729789b6aef051400154f70": "few species", "572978e66aef051400154f76": "bright white", "572978e66aef051400154f78": "green light, but are slow to complete division\u2014they require exposure to bright white", "572978e66aef051400154f79": "bright white", "572978e66aef051400154f77": "complete division\u2014they require exposure to bright white light", "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": "genetically modified crops", "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": "environmental risks", "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": "transplastomic plants at 3 in 1,000,000", "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": "genetically modified plants that are biologically contained", "57296d571d04691400779413": "1 and 5", "57296d571d04691400779414": "composite number", "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57296d571d04691400779416": "primes", "57296d571d04691400779417": "prime", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "update]", "572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely", "572970c11d04691400779464": "large", "572970c11d04691400779465": "the statistical behaviour of primes in the large", "572970c11d04691400779466": "number of digits", "572970c11d04691400779467": "the 19th century", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "prime numbers remain open, such as Goldbach's conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic aspects of numbers", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "number theory", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "2", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "three distinct divisors, namely 1, 2, and n", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "decimal system", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "even numbers", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1 to be a number, so they could not consider it to be a prime", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": ".", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006,721, reprinted as late as 1956", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "19th century many mathematicians still considered the number 1 to be a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "Eratosthenes", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "1 were considered a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "several properties that the number 1 lacks, such as the relationship of the number to its corresponding value of Euler's totient", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "several properties that the number 1 lacks, such as the relationship of the number to its corresponding value of Euler's totient", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": ".", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "ancient Egyptians that they had some knowledge of prime numbers", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "Greeks", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d7": "simple method", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "Euler", "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "prime numbers", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "2p \u2212 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "n = 4", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "called trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": ".", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1 and less than or equal to the square root of n", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "only three divisions", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "square root of n", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "probabilistic", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "general numbers n", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "n", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic algorithm", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "1/(1-p)n", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "the fact (Fermat's little theorem", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "Carmichael numbers", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "probabilistic test", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "2p \u2212 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "Lucas\u2013Lehmer", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "p \u2212 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "factorial primes. Other primes where either p + 1 or p \u2212 1", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "$100,000", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "$150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits and 1 billion digits", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "interval", "572985011d04691400779501": "floor function", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779503": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779504": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "Dirichlet's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "long run", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": ".", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": ".", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "infinitely many primes can also be seen using the zeta function: if there were only finitely many primes then \u03b6(1)", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "diverges", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "richness", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "algebraic number theory is the following identity (Basel problem), due to Euler", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "unproven Riemann hypothesis, dating from 1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "s = \u22122", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "random noise", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "square root of x", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic distribution of primes (about x/log x of numbers less than x are primes", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "Vinogradov", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Chen", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "n2 + 1", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "Brocard", "57299326af94a219006aa515": "number theory in general", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "the 1970s", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "number theory", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "pseudorandom", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "p", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "decimal", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "+ 1", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "p", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "sufficient condition for p to be prime", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "RSA", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "large prime numbers", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "large prime numbers", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "large prime numbers", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "prime numbers", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "13 or 17 years", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "believed", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "2%", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "prime number", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "knot theory", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "prime", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "prime number", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "irreducible elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "unit", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "prime element if it is neither zero nor a unit", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "Gaussian integers Z[i]", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "unique factorization domains", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "arbitrary integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "4k + 3", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime ideals", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "commutative algebra, algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "prime powers", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field, a basic problem of algebraic number theory, bears some resemblance with ramification in geometry", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "quadratic number fields", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "proving quadratic reciprocity, a statement that concerns the solvability of quadratic equations", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "absolute value", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "Certain arithmetic questions related to Q or more general global fields may be transferred back and forth to the completed (or local) fields", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "absolute value", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "local-global principle", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "natural phenomena", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "ametrical music", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "ametrical music", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "third", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "movements of nature", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": ".", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "land", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne, Germany", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "Danube", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": ".", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": ".", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "erman", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": ".", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Rhin", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "R\u012bnaz", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "Gaulish", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "modern languages", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "German Rhein and French Rhin", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "English Rhine as well as in German Rhein", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "R\u012bnaz", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Rhijn", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "Rhine-kilometers", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "Rheinkilometer", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Rhine-kilometers", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Rheinkilometer", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "canalisation projects", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "Rhine-kilometers", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Lake Constance and the Alpine", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Lake Constance and the Alpine", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "the north", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86 km", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Sargans", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Liechtenstein and later Austria", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m to 396 m", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "Liechtenstein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "stance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "Alter Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "Alter Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "\"Isel", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "sediments", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "the Alter Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "the Alter Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "two arms", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "local Alemannic dialect, the singular is pronounced \"Isel", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "for", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "for", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "lake will silt up the lake", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "for", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "continuous input of sediment into the lake will silt up the lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "Rhine", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "lower lake\"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian border", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake\"), the Untersee", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "Rhine", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Rhine", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "rian", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "cold water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "Upper Lake", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "length", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "Upper Lake", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "Seerhein", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "\u00dcberlingen", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "Seerhein", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "water level", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "westward", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "Aare", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "discharge", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "westward", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": ".", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "German", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Basel", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "the Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km long and up to 40 km wide", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "300 km long and up to 40 km wide", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Basel", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "High Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "the Central Bridge", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "the 19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "the 19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "huge", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "The rate of flow", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "Grand Canal d'Alsace was dug, which carries a significant part of the river water, and all of the traffic", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "Moselle", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3/s", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "Moselle", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400 m (1,300 ft", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "Northeastern", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "annual mean discharge of 2,290 m3/s", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "Romantic", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "Middle Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "its many castles and vineyards", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "many castles and vineyards", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "industry", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "Ruhr", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "drinking water", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "Ruhr", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "Middle Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Near Sankt Goarshausen", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Sankt Goarshausen", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Sankt Goarshausen", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "Duisburg", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Datteln Canal, which runs parallel to the Lippe", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "the Lippe", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "suspension bridge in Germany, crosses the 400 m wide river", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "Lower", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "Germany", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisburg", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "400 m wide river", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "Meuse", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "Waal", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "Meuse", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "Oude Maas", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "Nieuwe Maas and to the North Sea", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "Nederrijn", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "Lek", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "Noord River", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": ".", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": ".", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine north", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "Wijk bij Duurstede", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "the Lek", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "polders", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "Old Rhine\"). The latter flows west into a sluice", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "Rhine Delta", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "Scheldt delta, as the Scheldt", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "shorter term Rhine Delta", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Nederrijn at Angeren", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "IJssel", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "IJssel", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Dordtse Kil", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "Nieuwe Waterweg (\"New Waterway\"). The middle flow begins as Nederrijn, then changes into Lek", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "further upstream at Gorinchem", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "North Sea and formed an archipelago-like estuary", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "dammed\") and now serve as drainage channels for the numerous polders", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "Delta Works", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "Delta Works", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "tidal currents", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "the Waal", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "two", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Mediterranean geography", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "Eurasian and African tectonic plates", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Iberia", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "N", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "Miocene", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Rhone and Danube", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "stream capture", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene period", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": ".", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "Ice Ages", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "approximately 600,000 years ago", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (390 ft) and much of the continental margins became exposed", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "North Sea", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "France", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "global last ice age maximum", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "global last ice age maximum", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "dry land", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "dry land", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "ca. 22,000", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "ice-sheets", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "Rhine", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "open forest", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "situation with tides and currents, very similar to present", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "coast line", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "southern North Sea", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "southern North Sea", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "Rhine-Meuse delta", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "Netherlands", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "peat mining", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "flooding", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "damming", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "approximately 80", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "branches", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "north", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "IJsselmeer", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "river", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "Herodotus", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "the 6th century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "Herodotus", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 70", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "upper Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "AD 70", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "modern Alsace-Lorraine", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "frontier", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "Pannonian troops", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "Ubii\"), which was renamed to Colonia Agrippina, descending to Cologne", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "whether a state or threat of war", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "Ubii\"), which was renamed to Colonia Agrippina, descending to Cologne", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "period", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "Migration", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried killing a dragon on the Drachenfels", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "Holy Roman Empire", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "the 10th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "Alsace", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "Westphalia", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "\"natural borders", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "Napoleon", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "diplomatic crisis and a wave of nationalism", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "end", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "Germany and is often cited as helping Adolf Hitler", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1930", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Arnhem", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "Germany, by the Western Allies", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "failed Operation Market Garden of September 1944", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "surprise", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Cold War", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "typographical error", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "textbooks and official publications. The error was discovered in 2010", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "the areas in which it can make laws \u2013 by explicitly specifying powers that are \"reserved\" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "United Kingdom", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "lack of a Parliament of Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "United Kingdom", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "the outbreak of the First World War", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "directly elected Scottish Assembly", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "the North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "Scottish independence", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "government to some form of devolved legislature in 1974", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "Scottish independence", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "United Kingdom Parliament", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "elected assembly", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "1979 Scottish devolution referendum", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "40", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "a Scottish Parliament", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "United Kingdom was controlled by the Conservative Party", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "devolution", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "September 2004", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture firm RMJM", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture firm RMJM", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Elizabeth II", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "General Assembly. In May 2000", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "Holyrood", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "General Assembly Hall", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "May 2000, the Parliament was temporarily relocated to the former Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Glasgow", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "2004", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "High Street", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "main", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "MSP to serve as Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker (currently Tricia Marwick", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret ballot of the 129", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "secret ballot", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "vote clerk", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "Presiding Officer is responsible for ensuring that the Parliament functions effectively and has the staff, property and resources it requires to operate. Convening the Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "Convening the Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "one representative from each political parties with five or more seats in the Parliament", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "Presiding Officer", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2 are seats for the Scottish Law Officers", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "Law Officers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "July 1999", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity. The words There shall be a Scottish Parliament, which are the first words of the Scotland Act", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "glass case suspended from the lid", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "debating chamber", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "Chamber debates and committee meetings", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "booking", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "Official Report", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Prayers", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "four minutes, sharing a perspective on issues of faith", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "Presiding Officer", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs according to the Scottish census", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "parliamentary bureau", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "chamber debates", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "different viewpoints and political parties", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "party leaders", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "sitting day", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "vote", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "electronic consoles", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "outcome of most votes", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "MSPs, known as whips", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "free votes\"", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "line", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Members Business", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "Members Business is a debate on a motion proposed by an MSP who is not a Scottish minister", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "Decision Time a \"Members Debate\" is held, which lasts for 45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "other members", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "The relevant minister, whose department the debate and motion relate to \"winds up\" the debate by speaking after all other participants", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "in committee", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "parliamentary systems", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "revising chamber", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "committees in the Scottish Parliament is to take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday morning when Parliament is sitting. Committees can also meet at other locations throughout Scotland.", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "different committees with their functions", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one (or more) of the departments", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Subject Committees", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "Economy, Energy and Tourism", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property. Private Bill Committees", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "committee", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "Scotland Act 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "devolved competencies", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "parliamentary sovereignty, the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "local government", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "air guns", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "UK Government ministers", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Westminster", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "UK Government ministers", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "private member", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "outside proposer", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "draft laws", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "first", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "general principles", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "Presiding Officer", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "relevant committee or committees", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage 2", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "general debate", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "final", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "general debate", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "Decision Time", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Monarch", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "Scottish Parliament", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "enacting", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "largest", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any member", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "First Minister from a number of candidates at the beginning of each parliamentary term (after a general election", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "First Minister chooses the ministers \u2013 and may decide to remove them at any time \u2013 the formal appointment or dismissal is made by the Sovereign", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament are held on the first Thursday", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament are held on the first Thursday", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "the Monarch on the proposal of the Presiding Officer", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "May, a multiple of four years after 1999 (i.e., 5 May 2011, 7 May 2015, etc.).", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "procedures", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "legislative programme", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "issues related to the substance of the statement", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "Thursday", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "Opposition leaders", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "First Minister and then supplementary questions", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one member to represent the constituency, and the member with most votes", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "Western Isles", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "parties proportionally", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "t", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "second seat", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "This is repeated iteratively", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "number of qualifications", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "Commons", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "Members of the police and the armed forces", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "Scotland) Act 2003", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "majority", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Liberal Democrats", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "16 seats from Labour, with many of their key figures not returned to parliament, although Labour leader Iain Gray", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "Conservatives", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "SNP", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "leader Annabel Goldie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "Cameron", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "domestic legislation", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "domestic legislation", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "the West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "moral conservatism, literalism", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "moral conservatism, literalism", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "Political", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "two poles", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution or invasion", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic process include parties", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Palestine", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "groups such as the Taliban", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "democracy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "division", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "Roy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "legitimacy", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "political", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "error", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "Hayri Abaza", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "religion from politics", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamism", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "political Islam'\" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "non-political Islam", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "pro", "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": "experience, ideology, and weapons", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "mujahideen", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "experience, ideology, and weapons", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "peace", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "leftists", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "Anwar", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "Saudi", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "strict, conservative", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "all the horrible wars", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": ".", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "neglectful governments whose commitment to social justice is limited to rhetoric", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "Islamist movements", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "Muslim League", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "the mainstream Indian nationalist", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "Oxford University press in 1934 in a book titled The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League in 1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "December 1930", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "leader until 1972", "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "his writing than through his political organising", "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "extremely influential books (translated into many languages", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "his writing than through his political organising", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "extremely influential books (translated into many languages", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "Sharia", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God), risala", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Iranian Revolution", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "da'wah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "Ismailiyah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Ismailiyah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": ".", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "all imperialist influence", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "several years", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "periodic repression", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "Freedom and Justice Party, Salafi Al-Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75%", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "Israeli troops", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "Israeli troops", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "defeated countries", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "socialist and nationalist politics", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "Arab socialism", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "ideological", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "Sunni Islamic", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Mohammad and his successors such as Ali for restoration of Sharia law", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "long-term conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "Islamic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "like-minded Shia terrorist groups", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "US economic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "Ahmadinejad", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Afghanistan", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "estimated 16,000", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "1990s", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "many Islamist groups that received its aid", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi monarchy", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "puppet of the west", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "domestic Islamists", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "kingdom", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "Osama bin Laden", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "Brotherhood", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "the 1970s", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "military struggle", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "Muslim states", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "violence", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "the 1990s", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "1990s", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "political figures", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "quiescent\" stance towards Israel", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS (\"zeal", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "calling for the destruction of Israel", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "middle class", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Jihad", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542 people in 140 suicide bombing or \"martyrdom operations", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "majority of the seats", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "Gaza Strip, but criticized for failure to achieve its demands", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "foreign Islamist banking systems", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "minister of education", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "national elections", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "sharia law", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "Iraq", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "unemployment", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "military coup d'\u00e9tat", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "communist forces", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "tribal warlords", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "1996", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "other Islamist movements", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "Sharia", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Wahhabism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "Ali Bhutto", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "nightclubs", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "many Islamists for imposing \"symbols\" rather than substance, and using Islamization to legitimize his means of seizing power", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million people in Iraq and Syria", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "early 2014", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "a terrorist organisation", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "HT", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "true Islamic system", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "Kafir", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "a democratic system", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "ideological struggle", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "take power through \"ideological struggle", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "join terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "over 900", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "Islamist", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "free rein", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "imam of the Finsbury Park Mosque", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "violent Islamism, since 2001", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "jihadism. Christian Whiton", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "Defense Secretary", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "communist ideology", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Latin", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "imperium", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Japanese", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "diplomacy or military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": ".", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "direct", "57306797396df919000960ee": "uneven trade agreements forcefully.", "57306797396df919000960ef": ".", "57306797396df919000960f0": "major powers, or simply, general-purpose aggressiveness", "57306797396df919000960f2": "informal rule", "57306797396df919000960f1": "Informal rule", "573081c2069b531400832133": "conquered and expanded", "573081c2069b531400832134": "world systems theory", "573081c2069b531400832135": "monopoly capitalism", "573081c2069b531400832136": "empire", "573081c2069b531400832137": "Euro", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "political focus", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "ideological", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "land empires such as the Russian or Ottoman", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "person or group of people", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": ".", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "physical control of another", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "ism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "exploitation", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": ".", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "seemingly rational grounds", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617b": "social efficiency", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "races", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness", "573088da069b53140083216b": "Britain", "573088da069b53140083216c": "Britain", "573088da069b53140083216d": "imperialism", "573088da069b53140083216e": "Britain", "573088da069b53140083216f": "London", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate zone", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "determinism", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Roman", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "eighteenth", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "Terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "sparse", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "Roman law", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography of the East", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "negative vision of itself, as its inferior", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "negative vision of itself, as its inferior", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "Orientalism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "negative vision of itself, as its inferior", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "blank space", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "blank space", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "blank space", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "French", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "large empires such as the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire.", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "dozens", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "India", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": ".", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "soft power", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "soft power", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "soap opera Dallas", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "R", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture", "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands of years", "57309446396df919000961bb": "around 1700", "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "Ronald Robinson", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1920\u20131999", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "1919\u20131980", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "resources made available by imperialism, the world's economy", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "imperial powers", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "the mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "colonies", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "political weakness of the Mughal state", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "communication", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "machine gun", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "leather shields (e.g. the Zulus in Southern Africa", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "1880s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British experience", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "capitalism", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "policy", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "Marxist theoreticians", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "political theorists", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "the United States", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1883\u20131950", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "disease", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "social reforms", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "the environment", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "civilized", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "tropicality", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "colonizing empires", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Northern Europe", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention from the European empire", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "colonizing empires", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": "political activity", "5730a40f396df91900096238": "Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "after 1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "Germany", "5730a951069b531400832213": "inferior", "5730a951069b531400832214": "assimilation", "5730a951069b531400832215": "small numbers of settlers", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity", "5730a951069b531400832217": "Britain", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "II", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "Scandinavia and northern Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096263": "central, western, and southern Europe (west of and including Italy", "5730ab63396df91900096261": "classical antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096262": "southern Europe in late antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "amorphous", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": ".", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862\u201390", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe itself", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1883", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "1884", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders, his neighbors at Friedrichsruh", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "1905", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thailand", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "foreign nations and colonies", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1923", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin", "5730b255396df919000962b3": "Soviet Union", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": ".", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "Joseph", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies about 1820", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British Empire", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "race formed an ideological underpinning during this time. Other influential spokesmen included Lord Cromer", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Africa", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "1898", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "America", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "business, labor", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "Smedley Butler", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "Wilson's geographer", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "United States' formation of \"colonies\" abroad", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "United States", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "1923. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "numerous vassal states", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": ".", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "bul", "5730982f396df919000961e2": "USA", "5730982f396df919000961e3": "USA", "5730982f396df919000961e4": "1968", "5730982f396df919000961e5": "1968", "5730982f396df919000961e6": "Wesleyan", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": "80 million adherents across the world. In the United States, the UMC", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": "approximately 80 million", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "mainline Protestant denomination", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "9", "57309921396df919000961f6": "the mid-18th century", "57309921396df919000961f7": "the mid-18th century", "57309921396df919000961f8": "Holy Club", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": "1735", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": "Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": "Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": "Anglican churches of their day, their teaching emphasized salvation by God's grace", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": "American Revolution", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": "fellow priest Thomas Coke as superintendent (bishop) to organize a separate Methodist Society", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": "fellow priest Thomas Coke", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": "Methodist Episcopal Church", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": "Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961fc": "Methodist", "57309adb396df919000961fd": "beginning in 1769", "57309adb396df919000961fe": "United Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961ff": "sail loft on Dock Street", "57309adb396df91900096200": "1769", "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Allen and Absalom Jones", "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": "1784", "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": "1784", "57309d31396df91900096210": "the issue", "57309d31396df91900096211": "1830", "57309d31396df91900096212": "of tensions over slavery", "57309d31396df91900096213": "of tensions over slavery", "5730a97a396df9190009625a": "Evangelical", "5730a97a396df9190009625b": "constituting General Conference", "5730a97a396df9190009625c": "Thy Church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "holy catholic (or universal) church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": "The Book of Discipline", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "upholds", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": "John Wesley was compelled in 1784", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": "Thomas Coke", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": "Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": "United Methodist Church in 1968", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": "Anglicans", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": "Outler", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": "Outler's work proved pivotal in the work of union", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "all people", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "all people. It is that power which enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": "us", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": "sin", "5730aeba069b531400832241": "Justifying Grace or Accepting Grace is that grace, offered by God to all people, that we receive by faith and trust in Christ", "5730aeba069b531400832242": "justifying grace", "5730aeba069b531400832243": "Today, justifying grace is also known as conversion", "5730aeba069b531400832244": "Today, justifying grace is also known as conversion", "5730aeba069b531400832245": "New Birth", "5730afed069b53140083225f": "God", "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying Grace", "5730afed069b531400832261": "love", "5730afed069b531400832262": "Sanctifying Grace", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": "liness", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": "prima scriptura", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "UMC", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "The Book of Discipline", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "2008", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "denomination", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "pro-choice and also \"was a founding member of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "United Methodist Church", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "all women, regardless of their choice", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": "the mother, for whom devastating damage may result from an unacceptable pregnancy", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": "United Methodist Church", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": "Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": "Stallsworth", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": "temperance movement", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": "United Methodist Church", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": "John Wesley warned against the dangers of drinking in his famous sermon, \"The Use of Money", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": "unfermented grape juice", "5730b54c069b53140083228d": "capital punishment", "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "8:7", "5730b54c069b53140083228f": "Matthew 5:38-39", "5730b54c069b531400832290": "General Conference", "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "United Methodist Church prohibits the celebration of same-sex unions", "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": "highly publicized church trial in 1999 on account of his participation in same-sex union ceremonies", "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide, have provided blessings for same-sex marriages. In April of 2016", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": "Connectional Table", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": "the UMC", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": "same-gender marriages with resolutions", "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "New Hampshire defrocked Methodist minister", "5730b776069b5314008322be": "violating church law by engaging in a lesbian relationship", "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "UMC", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "conscription", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "military action", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "alternative service", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": "Christ's message and teachings", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "national foreign policy", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "United Methodist Church endorses general and complete disarmament", "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": "Sexual Ethics", "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "Sexual Ethics Task Force", "5730bdfe396df91900096310": "girls and women", "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "IVF", "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": "stem cells retrieved from umbilical cords and adult stem cells", "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": "research", "5730c059069b531400832305": "Sunday Service", "5730c059069b531400832306": "Sunday Service", "5730c059069b531400832307": "Book of Common Prayer", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": "Africa", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": "Book of Common Prayer", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": "oil", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "Methodist institutions", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": "John Wesley", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": "John Wesley", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "United", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "the General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "The Book of Discipline", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": "the General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": "every four years", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": "five jurisdictions: Northeastern", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": "jurisdictional", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": "elect and appoint bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "appoint bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": "Episcopal Areas", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": "church bishops", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": "church bishops", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "36 acres (150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "99-year lease of 36 acres (150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "2007 approved a 99-year lease of 36 acres (150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": "nine members, both laity and clergy", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "General Conference", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": "General Conference", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": "various locations throughout the world", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": "twice a year at various locations throughout the world", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": "Annual Conference", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": "the geographical area it covers as well as the frequency of meeting", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": "Annual Conference", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "of Discipline", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "no more than nine members", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "no more than nine members", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": "church conference", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "compensation packages", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": "around one hundred colleges and universities in the United States", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": "three hundred sixty", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": "International Association", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": "John Wesley", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": "pastors", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": "Annual Conference Order of Elders", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": "Annual Conference Order of Elders", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": "Annual Conference Cabinet", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": "multiple years", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "the session of the Annual Conference", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "Elders", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": "local church", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": "2\u20133 years", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": "District Superintendents", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "their ordination", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "Deacons give leadership, preach the Word, contribute in worship", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "Deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "sacramental authority", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "1996 General Conference", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": "provisional elder/deacon", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "provisional deacon", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "Licensed Local Pastor", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": "local pastor", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": "course of study school", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "annual conference", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "Baptized Members", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": "profession of faith", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "profession of faith", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": "Baptism", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "membership preparation classes", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "confirmation classes to all people, including adults", "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": "lay servants: local church lay servant", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": "certified lay servant", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": "basic course for lay servant. Each year", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": "the basic", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "Methodist Church", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": "World Evangelical Fellowship", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": "The United Methodist Church", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": "2000", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "United Methodist Church entered into full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "Methodist Church", "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": "nearly 42,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": "nearly 42,000 congregations. In 1975", "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": "11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": "11 million members", "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": "Texas", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": "11.4 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": "estimated at 11.4 million", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": "11.4 million", "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": "Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": "Methodist Council", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": "July 18, 2006", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000 European settlers", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "60,000 European settlers", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": ".", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": ".", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": ".", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "North America met with General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army commander", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "disaster", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "1755, 1756 and 1757", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "regular forces", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "New", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy in Quebec", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "Spain, in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "Florida", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "in", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "1740s", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "United States", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "Great Britain. American historians", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "United States", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "international conflict is known as the Seven Years' War. \"Seven Years\" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "two colonial powers", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "six years, from the Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "about 75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "New", "5733d5704776f41900661310": ".", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "French 20 to 1", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "French 20 to 1", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "the interior", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "Abenaki", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "Ups", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois rule", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Catawba", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "trading connections", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "North America", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "French", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "colonies", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "3,000 miles (4,800 km) between June and November 1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "marine and 30 Indians. The expedition covered about 3,000 miles (4,800 km) between June and November 1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "expedition", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "Americans", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "severe consequences", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "severe consequences", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "I can say is that the Natives of these localities", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "Montreal", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "expansionist governor", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "permission", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "George", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "Europe", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "resolve", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "1752", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "Michel de Langlade", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "1752", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "June 21", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Presque Isle", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort Le Boeuf", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "French with military action", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Indian Affairs", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "1746", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "colonel", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Virginia", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "October 1753 Dinwiddie ordered the 21-year-old Major George Washington", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "small party, picking up along the way Jacob Van Braam", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "George", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "Dinwiddie", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "Dinwiddie", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "withdrawal from the Ohio Country", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "French forces under Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrec\u0153ur", "5733f1784776f41900661576": "1754", "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": ".", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "Tanaghrisson", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "people", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "New France", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "France", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "1754", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "unified front", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "allegiance", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "expedition", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "1,500 army troops and provincial militia on an expedition in June 1755", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured. The remaining 500 British troops", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties, exacerbated by Shirley's inexperience", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "Fort Niagara", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "Fort Bull", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Dieskau", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Fort Edward and Fort William Henry", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Monckton", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "Monckton", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "any size", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America. At a meeting in Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "William", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "William", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "Europe", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "supply chain", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "Fort Bull", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "Lake Ontario", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Oswego in August", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "the disposition of prisoners' personal effects", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "commander", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "Montcalm", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": ".", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "Montcalm", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "Montcalm", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "Montcalm", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "poor harvest in 1757", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "1757", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "the St. Lawrence", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "the Duke of Cumberland", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "1757", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "1757", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", "573403394776f419006616dd": "improbable", "573403394776f419006616de": "Ticonderoga", "573403394776f419006616df": "French", "573403394776f419006616e0": "bourg", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "Britain", "57340549d058e614000b67de": "1758", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south. The victory was made complete in 1760", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Sainte-Foy", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "Restigouche", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Amherst", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "Amherst", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "Amherst", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "British", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "British", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": "North American provinces", "57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "October 7, 1763", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "Indian population", "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Most went to Cuba", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "illegal settlement", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "not completed until 1769", "57340d124776f419006617c2": ".", "57340d124776f419006617bf": "power", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "the concept of force", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "fundamental error", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Aristotle and Archimedes", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "three hundred years. By the early 20th century, Einstein", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Einstein", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "Standard Model to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "smaller than atoms", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "electroweak interaction", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2\u201310", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "more fundamental electroweak interaction", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "force", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "natural places", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "motionless objects on Earth, those composed mostly of the elements earth and water, to be in their natural place on the ground", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "unnatural or forced motion", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "corrected", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "impetus", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "experiment in which stones and cannonballs were both rolled down an incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "gravity to an extent that was independent of their mass and argued that objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force, for example friction", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "a lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "concept of relative velocities", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "Newton", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "laws of physics", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "parabolic", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "at rest", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "rotational inertia of planet Earth is what fixes the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": "reference frames subject to constant acceleration, such as those free-falling toward a gravitating object", "573749741c45671900574461": "relativity", "573750f51c45671900574467": "kinematic measurements. However, while kinematics are well-described through reference frame analysis", "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic", "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446b": "relative units of force and mass then are fixed", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "different bodies,[Note 3]", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "unidirectional", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "Third Law", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "center of mass", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "a closed system of particles, there are no internal forces", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "the mass of the system", "573766251c45671900574471": "pushes or pulls", "573766251c45671900574472": "precise operational definitions", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", "573766251c45671900574474": "Newtonian mechanics", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Associating forces with vectors", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "magnitudes of force", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "vector quantities: they have magnitude and direction", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "the net force", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "their respective lines of application", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "resultant", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two forces, one pointing north, and one pointing east", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "original force", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "orthogonal components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "three-dimensional", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "applied force resulting in no acceleration", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "applied force", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "simple devices", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force\", which equals the object's weight", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "force of gravity acting on the object balanced by a force applied by the \"spring reaction force\", which equals the object's weight", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "millennia", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Newton", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "completely equivalent to rest", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "constant velocity, Aristotelian physics", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "mariner dropped a cannonball from the crow's nest of a ship moving at a constant velocity", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction force exactly opposes the applied force. This results in zero net force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "net force", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Newtonian", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian equations", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "quantized", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "quantum mechanics", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "spatial variable", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "identical particles split into two different classes, fermions and bosons. If two identical fermions (e.g. electrons", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "apparent force", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": ".", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "fundamental interactions", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "conservation of momentum", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "general relativity", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "World lines of particles intersect at interaction vertices", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four fundamental interactions", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "The strong and weak forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "electromagnetic force acts between electric charges, and the gravitational force acts between masses", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "electric charges", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "celestial mechanics", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "electroweak theory", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "four fundamental interactions", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "string theory", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "universal force until the work of Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "mass", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "gravity", "573784fa1c45671900574486": "Galileo", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "the force of gravity", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "larger distances", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "inverse square law", "573786b51c4567190057448f": "the mass of the attracting body", "573786b51c45671900574490": "gravitational acceleration", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "planet Mercury", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "general relativity (GR) he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit and found that his theory added a correction", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "general relativity (GR) he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit and found that his theory added a correction", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", "57378b141c456719005744a0": "ballistic trajectory", "57378b141c456719005744a1": "gravitational force", "57378b141c456719005744a2": "a global", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "unified electromagnetic force", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "magnetic force", "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "fully explained until 1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "1864", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "Oliver", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "Maxwell", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "two observations, the photoelectric effect, and the nonexistence", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum mechanics. This final modification to electromagnetic theory ultimately led to quantum electrodynamics", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum mechanics. This final modification to electromagnetic theory ultimately led to quantum electrodynamics", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": "solid matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": "Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": "material", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": "structural force", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "solid matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "material", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "structural force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "gluons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "the nuclear force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "hadrons (the best known example being the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "gluons, which form part of the virtual pi and rho mesons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "color confinement", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "weak force", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated radioactivity", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated radioactivity", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015 kelvins", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "external force pushes on a solid object. An example of the normal force in action", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "Ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously in action-reaction pairs", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "mechanical energy since the work done on the load is the same no matter how complicated the machine.", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "string that acts on a load, another factor of the tension force in the string acts on the load. However, even though such machines", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "forces", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "Newtonian mechanics", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "other parts of an object", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "extended structure", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "stress tensor accounts for forces", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "the stress-tensor", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "off-diagonal elements", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "stress-tensor is being calculated. This formalism includes pressure terms associated with forces", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "rotation equivalent of force in the same way that angle", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "Torque", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "unbalanced torque. Likewise, Newton's Second Law of Motion can be used to derive an analogous equation", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "unbalanced", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "unbalanced", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "tangential force, which accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up, and the radial (centripetal) force", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "tangential force", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "two different locations in space", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "kinetic or potential forms", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between kinetic or potential forms. This means that for a closed system, the net mechanical energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "potential energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "difference in potential energy between two different locations in space", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "contact forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "statistical mechanics", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "statistical mechanics", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "statistical mechanics. In macroscopic closed systems", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "According to the Second", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "kilogram-force (kgf", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kgf) (sometimes kilopond", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "mass", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "pound-force" }