diff --git "a/eval_predictions.json" "b/eval_predictions.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/eval_predictions.json" @@ -0,0 +1,10572 @@ +{ + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": "the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": "the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California. As this was the 50th Super Bowl", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": "the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": "the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California. As this was the 50th Super Bowl", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "50", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": "50", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": "7", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": "American Football Conference", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": "50", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": "50", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": "7", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": "50", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": "Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": "San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": "L\"), so that the logo could prominently feature the Arabic numerals 50", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": "the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California. As this was the 50th Super Bowl", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": "the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California. As this was the 50", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": "San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": "Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": "24\u201310", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": "7", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": "50", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": "National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": "50", + "56d600e31c85041400946eae": "the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California. As this was the 50th Super Bowl", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": "American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": "the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": "Super Bowl 50", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": "American Football Conference", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": ", and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": "eight", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": "1995", + "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": "49", + "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": ", and denied the New England Patriots a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX by defeating them 20\u201318", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": "49\u201315", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": "20\u201318", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": ", and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": "four", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": "Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": "the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": "Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": "the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": "four", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": ", and denied the New England Patriots", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": "Cam Newton", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": "49", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": ", and Pittsburgh Steelers as one of four teams that have made eight", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": "20\u201318", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": ", and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": "20\u201318", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": "49", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": "Cam Newton", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": ", and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": "1995", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": ", including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": "two", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": ", which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": ", including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": "five", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": ", which sacked him", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": "seven", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": ", including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": "three", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": "two", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": ", including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": ", which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": "five", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": "two", + "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": ", including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": "five", + "56d601e41c85041400946ece": "seven", + "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": "three", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": "three", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": ", including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": ", including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": "seven", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": "three", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": "Miller", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": "five", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": "CBS", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": "$5 million", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": "Coldplay", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": "the", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": "the", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": "CBS", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": "$5 million", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": "Beyonc\u00e9", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": "Bruno Mars", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": "Coldplay", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": "CBS", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": "$5 million", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": "third", + "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": "CBS", + "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": "$5 million", + "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": "Coldplay", + "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": "Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d602631c85041400946ed8": "CBS", + "56d602631c85041400946eda": "Cold", + "56d602631c85041400946edb": "Beyonc\u00e9", + "56d602631c85041400946edc": "the", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": "$5 million", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": "Coldplay", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": "Bruno Mars", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": "Bruno Mars", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": "Roger Goodell", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": "the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": "2012", + "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": "a", + "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": "early 2012", + "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": "Roger Goodell", + "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": "Roger Goodell", + "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": "a", + "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "spectacular", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": "2012", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": "New Orleans", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": "San Francisco Bay Area", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": "Sun", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": "Levi", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": "Levi", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": "Mercedes", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": "Sun", + "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": "three", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": "three", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": "New Orleans", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": "Sun", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": ", and the San Francisco Bay Area", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": "Levi", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": "New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": "three", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": "Levi", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": "October 16, 2012", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": "10", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": "2010", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": "1985", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "Sun Life Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "October 16", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": "1985", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": "May 3", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": "1985", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": "10", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": "2010", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": ", 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": "the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010. The San Francisco Bay Area last hosted in 1985 (Super Bowl XIX", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": "1985 (Super Bowl XIX", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": "South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": "October 16", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": "10 times", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": "1985", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": ", on May 3, 2013, the Florida legislature", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": "May 21, 2013", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": ", 2013", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": "2014", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": "the", + "56be5523acb8001400a50330": "1985", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": "Boston", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": "21", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": "the", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": "1985", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": "1985", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": "1985", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": "2014", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": "1", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": "1985", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": "XXX", + "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": "May 21, 2013", + "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": "2014", + "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": "1985", + "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": "Boston", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": "May 21, 2013", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": "2014", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": ", 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $1", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": "1985", + "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": "John Fox", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": "only ten", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": "six", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": "six", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": "eight", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": "John Fox", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": "eight", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": "only ten", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": "Super Bowl XXXVIII", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": "six", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": "the third straight season, the number one seeds from both conferences", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": "the third straight season, the number one seeds from both conferences", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": "John Fox", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": "John Fox", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": "six", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": "only", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": "four", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": "John Fox", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": "DeAngelo Williams", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": "Kelvin Benjamin", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": "seventh", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": "1978", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": "1", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": "Ten", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": "eight", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": "Kelvin Benjamin", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": "1978", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": "2009", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": "2011 Green Bay Packers", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": "Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": "Kelvin Benjamin", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": "DeAngelo Williams", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": "1978", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "Ten", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": "the first time in franchise history. Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": "1978", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "the first time in franchise history. Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "Ten", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": "six", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "45", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": "10", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": "27 punts for 277 yards", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "Olsen", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "45", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": "99.4", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "77", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "39", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": "Jonathan Stewart", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": "six", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": "Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": "3,837", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": "45", + "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": "six touchdowns in 13", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": "500", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "3,837 yards and rushing for 636", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": "45", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "99.4", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "39 receptions for 485 yards", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": "308", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": "136", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "118", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": "24", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "11", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": "24", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": "11", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": "four", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": "5\u00bd sacks, four", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": "24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "Kony E", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": "four", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": ", resulting in Manning re-claiming the starting quarterback position", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": "the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed. Under defensive coordinator Wade Phillips", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": "1998", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": "the playoffs", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": "Wade Phillips", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": "four", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": "Gary", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": "the previous season's playoffs", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": "39", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": "39", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": "the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed. Under defensive coordinator Wade Phillips", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": "Peyton", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": "39", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": "39", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": "the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed. Under defensive coordinator Wade Phillips", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": "Fox", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": "1998", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": "the remainder of the regular season. Osweiler", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": "left", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": "Wade Phillips", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "67.9", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": "17", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": "Demaryius Thomas", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": ", while Emmanuel Sanders", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": "10", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "67.9", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "67.9 passer rating, throwing for 2,249", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": "17", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": ", while Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": ", while Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "67.9", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": "17", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": "Thomas", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "five", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "67.9", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": "17", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": ", while Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "4.7", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "4,530", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "5\u00bd", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "109", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "three", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "backer", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "backer Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "the first time in franchise history, and fourth in points allowed (296). Defensive ends", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "fourth in points allowed (296", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "11 sacks, forced four fumbles, and recovered three. Linebacker DeMarcus Ware", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "109", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "three", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "Miller", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "the first time in franchise history, and fourth in points allowed (296). Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": "31", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": "the NFC Championship Game, 49\u201315", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": "48", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": "seven", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": "31", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": "the NFC Championship Game, 49\u201315", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": "31", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": "49\u201315, racking up 487 yards", + "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "the", + "56d701280d65d214001982ba": "the NFC Championship Game, 49\u201315", + "56d701280d65d214001982bc": "seven", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "31", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": "49", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": "the Seattle Seahawks", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": "49\u201315, racking up 48", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": "23", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "11", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": "the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": "20\u201318", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": "17", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": "23", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": "23", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": "the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": "17", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": "he didn't throw any", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": "the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": "11", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": "the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": "the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20\u201318", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": "New England Patriots", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": "17", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": "Thomas Davis", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": "the Super Bowl", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": "three", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": "11", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": "the Super Bowl", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": "the Super Bowl", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": "11", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": "the Super Bowl", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": "three", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": "the Super Bowl", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": "11", + "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": "Thomas Davis", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "39", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "John Elway", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "38", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": "the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": "the Broncos", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "John Elway, who led the Broncos", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "John Elway", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "John Elway", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": ", who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38", + "56d704430d65d214001982de": "two different teams to multiple", + "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "39", + "56d704430d65d214001982e1": "John Elway", + "56d704430d65d214001982e2": "John Elway", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": "John Elway", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "39", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": "1998", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": "2011", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": "39", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": "39", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": "Newton was picked first in 2011. The matchup also pits the top two picks of the 2011 draft against each other: Newton for Carolina and Von Miller", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": "the 1998", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": "1998", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": "39", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": ", while Newton was picked first in 2011. The matchup also pits the top two picks of the 2011 draft against each other: Newton for Carolina", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": "1998", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": "1998", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": "Miller", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": "1998", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": "39", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": "13 years and 48 days (Manning was 39", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": "XX", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": "Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": "linebacker", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": "Elway", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": "the end of the Broncos", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": "linebacker", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": "Elway", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": "the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XX", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": "Rivera", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": "the inaugural season, the field had to be re-sodded multiple times due to various issues, and during a week 6 game earlier", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": "the inaugural season, the field had to be re-sodded multiple times due to various issues, and during a week 6 game earlier in the", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": "Mang", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": "a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": "kicker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": "Justin Tucker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": "kicker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "the inaugural season, the field", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": "Justin Tucker", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": "the inaugural season, the field had to be re-sodded multiple times due to various issues, and during a week 6 game earlier in the", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": "the inaugural season, the field", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": "their cleats", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": "Justin Tucker", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": "the inaugural season, the field had to be re-sodded multiple times due to various issues, and during a week 6 game earlier in the", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": "the time. They also lost Super Bowl XXI when they wore white jerseys", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": "34\u201319", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": "Super Bowl XXXIII", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": "pants", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": "XXXIII", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": "XXXIII", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": "34\u201319", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": "XXXIII", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": "the time. They also lost Super Bowl XXI when they wore white jerseys", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": ", and XLVIII. The only other AFC champion team to have worn white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": "Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": "XXXIII", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": "blue", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": "0-4", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": "the time. They also lost Super Bowl XXI when they wore white jerseys", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": "the San Jose Marriott", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": "Santa Clara Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "the San Jose Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": "San Jose Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "the San Jose Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d70d240d65d21400198326": "San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d70d240d65d21400198327": "the San Jose Marriott", + "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d70d240d65d21400198329": "the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "San", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "the San Jose Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": "the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": "June 4", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": "Super Bowl V", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": "Jaime Weston", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": "XLV", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": "Vince Lombardi Trophy", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": "June", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": "Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": "Arabic", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": "gold", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": "June", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": "Super Bowl 50", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": "Super Bowl 50", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": "LI", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": "Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": "Arabic", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "the Super Bowl", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": "7", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": "50-yard line on fields was colored gold", + "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": "gold", + "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "Gold", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "the Super Bowl", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "Gold", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": "50-yard line on fields was colored gold", + "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "-themed promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the \"Golden Super Bowl", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": "Moscone Center", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": "San Francisco", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": "Ed Lee", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "Jane Kim", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": "30", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": ", and cultural diversity. More than 1 million people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": "Ed Lee", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": "Moscone Center", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": "\"Super Bowl City", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": "Moscone Center", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "\"Super Bowl City", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": "Ed Lee", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "30", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": "1", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": ", and cultural diversity. More than 1 million people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week. San Francisco mayor Ed Lee", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": "the amount of $5 million", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": "Experience", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": "Santa Clara University", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": "the Santa Clara", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": "week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": "Santa Clara Convention Center, a beer, wine and food festival at Bellomy Field at Santa Clara University, and a pep rally", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": "the Santa Clara", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": "Santa", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": "the Santa Clara Convention Center, a beer, wine and food festival", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": "a pep rally. A professional fundraiser", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": ", but still may need the city council to help fund the event. Additional funding will be provided by the city council", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": "the", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": ", but still may need the city council", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": ", was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": "afternoon", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": "SAP Center", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": ", 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": "Golden Gate Bridge", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": "Tuesday afternoon", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": "the game, was moved to the Monday evening", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": ", was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": "SAP Center", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": "San Jose", + "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": "afternoon", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": ", was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": ", was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": "Golden Gate Bridge", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": ", was moved to the Monday evening", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": ", was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": ", was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": "Golden", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": ", was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": "Connect", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": "40 million", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": "Dignity Health", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": "Gap", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": "Chevron", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": "the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee and the NFL", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": "the first time, the Super Bowl 50", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": "the first time, the Super Bowl 50", + "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": "Business Connect", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": "Connect", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": "the Super Bowl. The host committee has already raised over $40 million", + "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "25", + "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": "the Bay Area. The committee created the 50", + "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "the Bay Area", + "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": "the Bay Area. The committee created the 50", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "the Bay Area", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "25", + "56d71d150d65d21400198370": "the Bay Area. The committee created the 50", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "25 percent", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "the Bay Area. The committee created the 50", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": "Vince", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": "18", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": "33 lb", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": "Tiffany", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": "Tiffany", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": "Vince", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": "18-karat gold", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": "Tiffany", + "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": "Vince", + "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": "Tiffany", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": "the United States, the game was televised by CBS", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": "Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": "Evan Washburn on the sidelines", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": "36", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": "5", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": "the United States, the game was televised by CBS, as part of a cycle between the three", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": "Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the sidelines", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": "360", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": "5K resolution", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": "sidelines", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": "the United States, the game was televised by CBS", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": "three", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": "the United States, the game was televised by CBS", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": "Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the sidelines", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": "Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the sidelines", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": "5K resolution", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": ", including pylon cameras and microphones along with EyeVision 360", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": "ESPN Deportes", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": "John Sutcliffe", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "ESPN Deportes' Monday Night Football commentary crew", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": "28", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": ", 2015, ESPN Deportes", + "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": "ESPN Deportes", + "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": "ESPN Deportes", + "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": "John Sutcliffe", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": "ESPN Deportes", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": "ESPN Deportes' Monday Night Football commentary crew", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": "Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre, and sideline reporter", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "only provided to Verizon Wireless", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": "WatchESPN", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": "digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": ", and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": ", and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": ", and the CBS Sports", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": ", and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "Verizon Communications exclusivity, streaming on smartphones was only provided to Verizon Wireless", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": ", and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One and other digital media players (such as Chromecast and Roku). Due to Verizon", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "Verizon Communications", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "only provided to Verizon Wireless", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": ", and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "Verizon Communications", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": "WatchESPN", + "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": ", beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": "late night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50, beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198396": "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198397": ", beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198398": ", beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert following the game. Following a break for late local programming", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": "5", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": "Anheuser-Busch InBev that allowed the beer manufacturer", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": "Doritos", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": "20", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": "5", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": "Anheuser-Busch InBev that allowed the beer manufacturer to air multiple advertisements during the game at a steep discount", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": "Doritos", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": "The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "Nintendo", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": "Anheuser-Busch InBev that allowed the beer manufacturer to air multiple advertisements during the game at a steep discount", + "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "Crash the Super Bowl\" contest that allowed viewers", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "Anheuser-Busch InBev that allowed the beer manufacturer", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "Doritos", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "a longtime sponsor of the game, held its \"Crash the Super Bowl", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Small Business Big Game\" contest", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": "Death Wish Coffee", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": "30", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": "the United States", + "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": ", in which Death Wish Coffee", + "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": "the United States", + "56d722330d65d214001983a6": "QuickBooks", + "56d722330d65d214001983a7": "Death Wish Coffee", + "56d722330d65d214001983a8": "the United States for the free advertisement", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "Death Wish Coffee", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "the United States for the free advertisement", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "Jason", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": "the Super Bowl. Fox paid for Deadpool", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": "the Shadows and 10 Cloverfield Lane", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": "Resurgence", + "56d723560d65d214001983ac": "the Super Bowl. Fox paid for Deadpool", + "56d723560d65d214001983ad": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows and 10 Cloverfield Lane", + "56d723560d65d214001983ae": "the Shadows and 10 Cloverfield Lane, Universal paid for The Secret Life of Pets", + "56d723560d65d214001983af": "Walt Disney Studios", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "Deadpool", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "Jason Bourne", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": "20th Century Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "Westwood One", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": "Kevin Harlan", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": "Jim Gray", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": "Boomer Esiason", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": "James Lofton and Mark Malone", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": "Bo", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": "Kevin Harlan", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "Westwood One", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": "Kevin Harlan", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": "Jim Gray", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": "Kevin Harlan", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": "Bo", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": "James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": "halftime", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": "-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "103", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": "Dave Logan", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "1110", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "99.3", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": "1110", + "56d724620d65d214001983be": "Dave Logan", + "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "Ed McCaffrey", + "56d724620d65d214001983c0": "1110", + "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "1110", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "flagship", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "99", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": "the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": "the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": "the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra will carry the contest. The BBC", + "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": "the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra", + "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": "the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra will carry the contest. The BBC", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": "the locker room preparing for the game. No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": "Chuck Howley", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": "the locker room preparing for the game. No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": "2001", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "Manning", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": "39", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": "Peyton Manning", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": "2001", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": "43", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": "39", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": "Bart Starr", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": ", while Peyton Manning", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": "2001", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": "the national anthem", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "American Sign", + "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "Marlee Matlin", + "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": ", while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation", + "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": "Marlee Matlin", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": ", while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": "December 3", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": "British rock group Coldplay", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": "the Associated Press that Beyonc\u00e9, who headlined the Super Bowl XL", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": "the Associated Press that Beyonc\u00e9, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single \"Hymn", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": "the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", + "56d725790d65d214001983d8": "Cold", + "56d725790d65d214001983da": "Pepsi", + "56d725790d65d214001983db": "the Associated Press that Beyonc\u00e9, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single \"H", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": "the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": "Beyonc\u00e9", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": "the Associated Press that Beyonc\u00e9, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single \"Hymn", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": "the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": "the first time in the entire postseason", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": "receiver Andre Caldwell", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": "the next three plays. First, linebacker Shaq Thompson tackled Ronnie Hillman", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": "34", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "the first time in the entire postseason", + "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "18-yard", + "56d728a10d65d21400198414": "linebacker Shaq Thompson", + "56d728a10d65d21400198415": "Mc", + "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": "the first time in the entire postseason", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": "C. J. Anderson moved the ball up 20 yards", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": "the first time in the entire postseason", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": "retired referee Mike Carey", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": "the", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": "linebacker Von Miller", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": "Jackson", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": "Super Bowl XXVIII", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": "the", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": "Mike Carey", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": "linebacker", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": ", and Malik Jackson", + "56d728e00d65d21400198420": "1993", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": "Mike Carey", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": "linebacker Von Miller", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": "Jackson", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "the end of the 1993", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": "Jonathan Stewart", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": "the second quarter. Later on, Broncos receiver Jordan Norwood", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": "28", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": "61", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": "33", + "56d729180d65d21400198426": "51", + "56d729180d65d21400198427": "Jonathan Stewart", + "56d729180d65d21400198428": "11:28", + "56d729180d65d21400198429": "the second quarter. Later on, Broncos receiver Jordan Norwood", + "56d729180d65d2140019842a": "33", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": "Jonathan Stewart", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": "the second quarter. Later on, Broncos receiver Jordan Norwood", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": "Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": "linebacker", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": "K", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": "11 seconds left, Newton", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "11 seconds left, Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": "Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": ", the Panthers soon took the ball back when defensive end Kony Ealy tipped a Manning pass to himself", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": "19", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": "Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": "safety", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": "Danny", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": "Kony E", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": "the", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": "DeMarcus Ware", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "hands", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": ", and it ended with no points when Graham Gano", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": "44", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": "McManus' 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "T. J. Ward", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": ", and it ended with no points when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": ", and it ended with no points when Graham Gano hit the uprights", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": "T. J. Ward", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": "safety", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": ", with Newton completing a 42-yard pass to Corey Brown. But once again they came up empty", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": "26", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": ", and it ended with no points when Graham Gano", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": "Sanders", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": "the next play, Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "39", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "Devin Funchess", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "Stewart", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "41", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": "the next play, Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": "50", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": "punts", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": "Ealy", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": "50", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "39", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": "39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310. The next three", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": "24", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": ", and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": "Josh Norman", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": "Ward", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": "Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": "Miller", + "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": "Ward", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": "Newton", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": "Josh Norman", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": "the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": "51", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": "Miller", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": "Ward", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": "three", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": "Anderson", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": "six", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": "zero", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": "McManus made all four", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": "Thomas Davis", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": "18 of 41", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": "13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception and zero", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": "zero", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": "Anderson", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": "Sanders", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": "Thomas Davis", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": "Sanders", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": "90 yards and a touchdown", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": "perfect", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": "18 of 41 passes for 265 yards, with one interception", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": "four", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": "315", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "11", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": "Baltimore Ravens", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": "Jordan Norwood", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": ", and their added total of 112 is a record lowest aggregate passer rating for a Super Bowl. Manning", + "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": "315", + "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "11", + "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": "seven", + "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": "the same franchise", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": "11", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "11", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": "21 to 11). Their 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": "seven", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": "two different teams", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "the Nobel Prize", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "100", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "the Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden is a popular strolling destination", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "The Saxon Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "the east end of the park, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier", + "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "The \u0141azienki Park", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres (9 miles) from Warsaw, the Vistula river's environment changes strikingly", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": ", with a habitat", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "several", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": ", but only a few are permanent \u2013 the majority are emptied", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "ographically", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "833", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "34", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish minority", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "the previous 300 years of Warsaw's history. Most of the modern day population growth is based on internal migration", + "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", + "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", + "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "the Medical University of Warsaw", + "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", + "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", + "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", + "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "over", + "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "Zbigniew Badowski", + "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska", + "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "the largest and most beautiful roof gardens in Europe with an area of more than 10,000 m2", + "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", + "573399b54776f41900660e65": "Three-Year Plan", + "573399b54776f41900660e66": "the past decade Warsaw has seen many improvements due to solid economic growth, an increase in foreign investment as well as funding from the European Union. In particular", + "573399b54776f41900660e67": "the past decade Warsaw has seen many improvements", + "57339a554776f41900660e74": "the best medical facilities", + "57339a554776f41900660e75": "the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe. The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute", + "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", + "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", + "57339a554776f41900660e78": "infrastructure", + "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "the Teatr Wielki", + "57339ad74776f41900660e87": ", as well as the Roma and Buffo music theatres and the Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw hosts many events and festivals", + "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace", + "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Jazz Jamboree", + "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": ", as well as the Roma and Buffo music theatres and the Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw hosts many events and festivals", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski (the Saxon Garden", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "1870", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "literary", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer\u2019s Night for a festival called Wianki (Polish for Wreaths", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands of people", + "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer\u2019s Night for a festival called Wianki (Polish for Wreaths", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer\u2019s Night for a festival called Wianki (Polish for Wreaths", + "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "the fern flower", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "the largest collections of art posters", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "the world, Museum of Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum. From among Warsaw's 60", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "the world, Museum of Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum. From among Warsaw's 60 museums", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "the best collections of paintings", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "the country including some paintings from Adolf Hitler's private collection, and Museum of the Polish Army whose set portrays the history of arms", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland can be found in the Warsaw Uprising Museum and in the Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "the Katy\u0144 Museum which preserves the memory", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "the memory of the crime. The Warsaw Uprising Museum also operates a rare preserved and operating historic stereoscopic theatre", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The Museum of Independence", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "The 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "500", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "National Gallery of Art", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "the mid-19th century organises exhibitions of modern art by Polish and international artists", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "the mid-19th century organises exhibitions of modern art by Polish and international artists and promotes art in many other ways. Since 2011 Warsaw Gallery Weekend", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": ", yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Street", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "the country's top flight in 2013", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "The mermaid (syrenka", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid (syrenka", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "the city's coat of arms. This imagery", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "a sword", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "the", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "a journey through the depths", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "a journey through the depths of the oceans and seas. One of them decided to stay on the coast of Denmark", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Wars", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "the village of Warszowa, where fishermen came to admire her beauty and listen to her beautiful voice. A greedy merchant", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "the Art Deco style", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "the Israeli poet", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "2012", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "industries", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "The Warsaw Stock Exchange", + "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex", + "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "13", + "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "the year 1313", + "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "the title of the \"Phoenix City", + "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Krak\u00f3w to Warsaw", + "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "the title of the \"Phoenix City", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic archdiocese", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "the Polish Academy of Sciences", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "iconic", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "around a quarter of the city is filled with luxurious parks", + "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Wars", + "57332442d058e614000b5721": "Wars", + "57332442d058e614000b5722": "the Polish language is Wars", + "57332442d058e614000b5723": "Warsz was a 12th/13th-century nobleman who owned a village", + "57332442d058e614000b5724": "The Capital City", + "57332562d058e614000b5730": "the site of a small fishing village called Wars", + "57332562d058e614000b5731": "the site of a small fishing village called Warszowa. The Prince of P\u0142ock, Boles\u0142aw II of Masovia", + "57332562d058e614000b5732": "1300", + "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", + "57332562d058e614000b5734": "26", + "5733266d4776f41900660712": "the first time became the seat of the General Se", + "5733266d4776f41900660713": "29", + "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom", + "5733266d4776f41900660715": "the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569", + "5733266d4776f41900660716": "96", + "57332a734776f41900660726": "the Kingdom of Prussia to become the", + "57332a734776f41900660727": "the Kingdom of Prussia", + "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon", + "57332a734776f41900660729": "the", + "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", + "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "the", + "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas", + "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", + "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "the course of the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920", + "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "the course of the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "the centre of urban resistance to Nazi rule in occupied Europe", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "the rule of the General Government", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "30%", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "almost a month", + "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "Red", + "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "the idea of an independent Poland, the Polish government-in-exile in London gave orders to the underground Home Army (AK", + "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1", + "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63", + "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "150", + "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "the \"Bricks", + "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "large prefabricated housing projects", + "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "the Palace of Culture and Science, a gift from the Soviet Union", + "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science", + "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "World Heritage", + "573330444776f41900660758": "1979", + "573330444776f41900660759": "the land! This land", + "573330444776f4190066075a": "1979", + "573330444776f4190066075b": "1979, less than a year after becoming pope, John Paul celebrated Mass in Victory Square", + "573330444776f4190066075c": "the land! This land", + "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300", + "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "523 km", + "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "the left side of the city lies at a height of 115.7 metres (379.6 ft) (\"Redutowa\" bus depot", + "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "the left side of the city lies at a height of 115.7 metres (379.6 ft) (\"Redutowa\" bus depot", + "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "The lowest point lies at a height 75.6", + "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two main geomorphologic formations: the plain moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "the Vistula Valley", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": ", which divides the city", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "The Vistula River is the specific axis of Warsaw, which divides the city into two parts, left and right", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Esc", + "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "a few natural and artificial ponds and also groups of clay pits", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "a number of dunes parted by peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace. These are mainly forested areas", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "a number of dunes parted by peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace. These are mainly forested areas", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "a number of dunes parted by peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace. These are mainly forested areas", + "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "the city and country", + "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "During", + "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "the Second World War, Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction. After liberation, rebuilding", + "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "the 1950s and 1960s (e.g. Leopold Kronenberg Palace", + "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "the 1950s and 1960s (e.g. Leopold Kronenberg Palace). Mass residential blocks", + "573361404776f4190066093c": "the", + "573361404776f4190066093d": "14", + "573361404776f4190066093e": "a typical example of the so-called Masovian gothic style", + "573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance", + "573361404776f41900660940": "mannerist architecture", + "573362b94776f41900660974": "the 17th century", + "573362b94776f41900660975": "the 17th century", + "573362b94776f41900660976": "the Four Winds", + "573362b94776f41900660977": "The neoclassical architecture in Warsaw can be described by the simplicity", + "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "the", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "the most interesting of the late 19th-century architecture. Some 19th-century buildings in the Praga district", + "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "the Warsaw University of Technology building (1899\u20131902", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "the most distinctive buildings", + "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "places", + "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", + "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "The Warsaw Citadel", + "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "Little Insurgent", + "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "the impressive Warsaw Uprising Monument", + "573368044776f41900660a29": "green spaces", + "573368044776f41900660a2a": "the New Orangery", + "573368044776f41900660a2b": "the world. Besides, within the city borders, there are also: Pole Mokotowskie (a big park in the northern", + "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park", + "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1927", + "573368e54776f41900660a53": "the city may be considered very rich in species", + "573368e54776f41900660a54": "the borders", + "573368e54776f41900660a55": "the Masovian Primeval Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a57": "two", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "1", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "51", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "the following years. It also bolstered some kind of conviction among Poles", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "limitations to residency registration anymore", + "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. After the war, the new communist authorities of Poland", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "-cultural city. According to the 1901 census, out of 711,988", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "2.8% Protestants. Eight years later, in 1909, there were 281,754 Jews (36.9%), 18,189", + "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1944", + "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "the second level of the territorial division \u2013 counties", + "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "the second level of the territorial division \u2013 counties", + "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "the same type for all districts", + "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "a unicameral Warsaw City Council", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "a unicameral Warsaw City Council (Rada Miasta), which comprises 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "Jan Andrzej Menich", + "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "the citizens", + "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "the years of 1994\u20131999", + "573382d24776f41900660c37": "the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro. Warsaw produces 12%", + "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304", + "573382d24776f41900660c39": "the 7th greatest emerging market", + "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", + "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "301", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "the region, with 374 companies listed and total capitalization of 162 584 mln EUR as of 31 August 2009. From 1991 until 2000", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "April 1991", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "1991", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "the Aveo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": ", including Egypt and Colombia. In 1995 the factory was purchased by the South Korean car manufacturer Daewoo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "February", + "573166ede6313a140071cef2": "Wars", + "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "the capital", + "573166ede6313a140071cef4": "Wars", + "573166ede6313a140071cef5": "2", + "573166ede6313a140071cef6": "1", + "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "capital", + "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Wars", + "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres", + "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2", + "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "region", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "the first half of the 10th century", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "William the Conqueror", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "The Norman dynasty", + "56dde0379a695914005b9636": ", or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin, 9th century) to mean \"Norseman, Viking", + "56dde0379a695914005b9637": ", or Nordmannus (recorded in Medieval Latin", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "the course of the 10th century, the initially destructive incursions of Norse war bands into the rivers of France", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III of West Francia and the famed Viking ruler", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "ine", + "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "the west in the Cotentin Peninsula, and were separated by traditional pagii, where the population remained about the same with almost no foreign settlers", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "the north of France", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "the north", + "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "66", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": "999", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": "Monte Gargano", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": "Monte Gargano", + "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": ", and emperor Henry III legally ennobled the Hauteville leader, Drogo", + "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "the title of count in his capital of Melfi", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": "the leadership of the famous Robert Guiscard", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": "30", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": "at Squillace", + "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": "the great geographical treatises of the Middle Ages, the \"Tabula Rogeriana", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "The Book of Roger", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": "meritocratic", + "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "Herv\u00e9 in the 1050s", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "the 1060s", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "the 1060s, Robert Crispin led the Normans of Edessa against the Turks. Roussel de Bailleul", + "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji", + "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "A Norman named Oursel led a force of \"Franks", + "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "the name of their castle: Afranji, meaning \"Franks", + "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "The Raoulii", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "count of Apulia", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "February 1082", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30", + "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "the city", + "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "the command of Bohemond, Robert's son", + "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "the banks of the river Deabolis", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "85", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "the most important naval bases of the", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "the marriage of Emma, sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy, and King Ethelred II of England", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "the marriage of Emma, sister of Duke Richard II", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": ", and King Ethelred II of England. Because of this, Ethelred fled to Normandy", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "the invitation of his half-brother", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "41", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Hastings", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "the Battle of Hastings", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "the Battle of Hastings", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "the Anglo-Saxons", + "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "the course of the Hundred Years' War, the Norman aristocracy often identified themselves as English. The Anglo-Norman language", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "69", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "a profound effect on Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay in 1169", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "culture", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "the King of England", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "sister Margaret", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": ", and came into opposition to William who had already disputed Scotland's southern borders. William invaded Scotland in 1072", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "son Duncan", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "scholars", + "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "the Welsh", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Hereford", + "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "the dominance", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "97", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Taranto and his nephew Tancred", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "the conquest of Jerusalem", + "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "the following 380", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "the island's despot Isaac Komnenos", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "April 1191", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "the island's despot Isaac Komnenos", + "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "the same time, in particular Guy de Lusignan. All declared their support for Richard provided that he support Guy against his rival Conrad", + "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "chains", + "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy", + "56de41504396321400ee2714": "-born daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre", + "56de41504396321400ee2715": "12", + "56de41504396321400ee2716": ", whom he had brought from Sicily. The marriage was celebrated with great pomp and splendor. Among other grand ceremonies was a double", + "56de48f34396321400ee2770": "89", + "56de48f34396321400ee2771": "Guy de Lusignan", + "56de49564396321400ee277a": "the Atlantic coast of Africa", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "the title of King of the Canary Islands", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "the title of King of the Canary Islands, as vassal to Henry III of Castile. In 1418", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "the title of King of the Canary Islands, as vassal to Henry III of Castile. In 1418", + "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "Jersey", + "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "the Tr\u00e8s ancien coutumier (Very ancient customary", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "the architectural history of the regions they subdued. They spread a unique Romanesque", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded", + "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "the Anglo-Saxon and precedes the Early Gothic", + "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Early Gothic", + "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "the Kingdom of Sicily", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "the early 11th century", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "the final decade of the 11th and first of the 12th century, Normandy", + "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "the 16th century", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "Bayeux Tapestry", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": ", which is not a tapestry but a work of embroidery", + "56de51244396321400ee27ef": ", such as capitals and baptismal fonts. In southern Italy, however, Norman artwork", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th century", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "Italian", + "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "the tradition of singing", + "56de52614396321400ee27fc": ", where they were patronised by Robert Guiscard and established a Latin monastery", + "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", + "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "a tradition of singing", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": "10 July", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": "Nikola Tesla", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": "7 January 1943", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": "10 July 1856", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": "7 January 1943", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": "Nikola Tesla", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "the design of the modern alternating", + "56df9ee138dc421700152108": "the United States in 1884", + "56df9ee138dc421700152109": "Thomas Edison", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": "George Westinghouse", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": "the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": "the formative years of electric power development was involved in a corporate alternating current/direct current \"War of Currents", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": "the United States in 1884", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": ", who also hired Tesla", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": "New York City", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": "George Westinghouse", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": "George Westinghouse", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "the possibility of wireless communication", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "the", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "the", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "New York and Colorado Springs", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "the possibility of wireless communication", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "the", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "Wardenclyffe Tower", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "7 January 1943", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": ", but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": ", but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "archetypal \"mad scientist", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": ", but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "7 January 1943", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": ", but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "1990s", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": ", but in 1960 the General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": "Croatia", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": "a Serbian Orthodox priest", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": "the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia). His father, Milutin Tesla", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": "the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia). His father, Milutin Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": "a Serbian Orthodox priest", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": "Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": "Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": "the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia). His father, Milutin Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": "the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia). His father, Milutin Tesla", + "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": "the fourth of five", + "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "German", + "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "1862", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": "the fourth of five children. He had an older brother named Dane", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": "three sisters", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": "-riding accident", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "the fourth of five children. He had an older brother named Dane and three sisters, Milka, Angelina and Marica", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": "pastor", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": "Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": "German", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": "integral calculus", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": "cheating", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": "73", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": "1870", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": ", where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": "Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": "German", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": "73", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": "cholera", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": "nine months", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": "a moment of despair", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": "the priesthood", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": "1873, Tesla", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": "1873", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": "cholera", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": "nine months", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": "the priesthood", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": "a moment of despair", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": "1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running away", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": "Mark Twain", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": "mountains", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": "1874", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": "hunter's garb", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": "drafted", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": "1874", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": ", and later said that Mark Twain", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": "Mark Twain", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": "In 1875", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": "the end of his second year, Tesla", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": "79", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": "the end of his second year, Tesla lost his scholarship and became addicted to gambling", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": "the end of his second year, Tesla", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": "the end of his second year, Tesla", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": "the end of his second year, Tesla", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": "79", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": "the end of his second year, Tesla", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": "the end of his second year, Tesla", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": "December 1878", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": "the", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": "draftsman", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": "the", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": "the streets. In March 1879, Milutin Tesla went to Maribor to beg his son to return home, but Nikola refused. Nikola", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": "December 1878", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": "the fact that he dropped out of school. His friends thought that he had drowned in the Mur River. Tesla", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": "the", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": "draftsman for 60 florins a month. He spent his spare time playing cards", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": "nervous breakdown", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": "March 1879", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": "March 1879", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": "60", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": "the age of 60 after contracting an unspecified illness (although some sources say that he died of a stroke", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": "the age of 60 after contracting an unspecified illness (although some sources say that he died of a stroke). During that year, Tesla", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": "March 1879", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": "March 1879", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": "a stroke). During that year, Tesla taught a large class of students in his old school, Higher Real Gymnasium, in Gospi\u0107", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": "the age of 60 after contracting an unspecified illness", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": "Prague", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": ", he arrived too late", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": "the", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": "the university, although, as an auditor", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": "January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospi\u0107", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": "the", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": ", he arrived too late to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": "the", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": "Budapest", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": "the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": "a few months, the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional and Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": "a telephone repeater", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": ", was not functional, so he worked as a draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": "1881", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": ", was not functional, so he worked as a draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": "Exchange", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": "a few months, the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional and Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": "1882", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": "1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": "New York City", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": "Thomas Edison", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": ", he relocated to New York City:57\u201360 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": ", he relocated to New York City:57\u201360 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": "New York City:57\u201360 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "June 1884", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": "Thomas Edison", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": ", he relocated to New York City:57\u201360 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "fifty thousand dollars", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": "fifty thousand dollars", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "fifty", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "fifty thousand dollars", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "our American humor", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "fifty thousand dollars", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": "two businessmen", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": "Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": ", who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": "the US", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": "electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": "Benjamin", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": "1886", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": "Tesla", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": ", who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": "Tesla", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "the company in lieu of stock. He had to work at various electrical repair jobs and even as a ditch digger for $2 per day. Tesla", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "penniless", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "the company in lieu of stock. He had to work at various electrical repair jobs and even as a ditch digger", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "1887", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "the company", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "the company in lieu of stock. He had to work at various electrical repair jobs and even as a ditch digger", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "the company in lieu of stock. He had to work at various electrical repair jobs and even as a ditch digger", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": "Alfred S", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": "April", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": "\u2153", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": "89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": ", and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": "S", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": "late 1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": "89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": ", and New York attorney Charles F. Peck", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": "the things Tesla developed at that laboratory", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": "May 1888", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": "the", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": "a simple self-starting", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": "the things Tesla developed at that laboratory in 1887 was an induction motor", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": "the things Tesla developed at that laboratory in 1887", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": "the United States", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": "a commutator, thus avoiding sparking and the high maintenance of constantly", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": "May 1888", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": "Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": "American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": "1888", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": "-based induction motor presented in a paper in March 1888 by the Italian physicist Galileo Ferraris", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": "Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": "Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": "Westinghouse", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": ", at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE). Engineers working for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company reported to George Westinghouse", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": "March 1888 by the Italian physicist", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": "Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": "July 1888", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": ".50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor. Westinghouse also hired Tesla", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": "a consultant", + "56e05900231d4119001ac051": "a consultant", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": "the large fee of $2,000 ($52,700", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": "July", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": "$2,000 ($52", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": "$2,000 ($52,700 in today's dollars) per month to be a consultant at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": "Pittsburgh", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": "Pittsburgh", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": "60", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": "a DC traction motor", + "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": "the city's streetcars", + "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": "a DC traction motor", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "Thomas", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "s", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "1890", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": ", which was consolidated into the conglomerate General Electric", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": "the \"AC\" side of the so-called \"War of Currents", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": "George Westinghouse", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": "the point of all-out warfare by 1888", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "the point of all-out warfare by 1888", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": "General Electric", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": "George Westinghouse", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": "the history of AC power, as Westinghouse", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": "General Electric", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": "the \"Tesla Polyphase System", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": "alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": "Westinghouse", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": "the history of AC power, as Westinghouse", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": "1893", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "the history of AC power", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": "Richard Dean Adams", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": "Tesla", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": "Westinghouse Electric", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": "General Electric", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": "Tesla", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": "Tesla", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": "Tesla", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": "the current state of all the competing systems. Tesla", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "Tesla", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": "1896", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": "the company (at that point Westinghouse had paid out an estimated $200,000 in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": "2", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": "$200,000 in licenses and royalties to Tesla", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": "J. P. Morgan", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": "$200,000 in licenses", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": "the company (at that point Westinghouse had paid out an estimated $200,000 in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": "35", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": "the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States, and established his South Fifth Avenue", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": ", and established his South Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street, in New York. He lit electric lamps", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": "the Tesla coil", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": "30 July 1891", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": "the Tesla coil", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": "35", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": "wireless", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": "-day IEEE, from 1892", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "-day IEEE", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": "1892 to 1894", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": "vice president", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": "-day IEEE, from 1892", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "-day IEEE", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": "the discovery of x-rays\u2014when he tried to photograph Mark Twain illuminated by a Geissler tube", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": "March 1895. Tesla", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": "the discovery of x-rays", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": "the metal locking screw", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": "1894", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "the discovery of x-rays", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": "the discovery of x-rays\u2014when he tried to photograph Mark Twain illuminated by a Geissler tube", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": "a few weeks", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": "the discovery of x-rays\u2014when he tried to photograph Mark Twain", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": "to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": "1896, after hearing of Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography), Tesla", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": "the output of the Tesla Coil (the modern term for the phenomenon produced by this device is bremsstrahlung", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "several experimental setups", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": "the Tesla Coil", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": "the output of the Tesla Coil (the modern term for the phenomenon produced by this device is bremsstrahlung", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": "Tesla Coil", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": "the output of the Tesla Coil (the modern term for the phenomenon produced by this device is bremsstrahlung", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": "Tesla", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": "the early investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed the skin damage to various causes", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": "the early investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed the skin damage to various causes. He believed early on that damage", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": "the early investigation of this phenomenon", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": ", such as those produced in waves in plasmas", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": ", and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": ", and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": ", and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": ", but by the ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": "Benjamin Lamme had made great progress developing an efficient version of Tesla", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": "1893", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": "the beginning of 1893 Westinghouse engineer Benjamin Lamme had made great progress developing an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor and Westinghouse Electric", + "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": "Egg", + "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "the Egg of Columbus", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": "11 July 1934", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": "a sharp stinging pain where it entered his body", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": ", and physically", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": "Tesla", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": "St. Louis, Missouri, the Franklin Institute", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "the Tesla Coil", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "the Franklin Institute", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": "13 May 1899", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": ", when a number of countries used it in military programs. Tesla took the opportunity to further demonstrate \"Teleautomatics", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": "Madison Square Garden", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": "1899", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": ", such as magic, telepathy, and being piloted by a trained monkey", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "1900", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": "the beginning of years of patent battles over radio", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": "1901", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": "1943", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": "1943", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": "1899", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": "Paris", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": "15", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": "five", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": "atmospheric electricity", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "stationary waves", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "a resonant frequency", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": "the", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": ", with discharges consisting of millions of volts and up to 135 feet", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": "15 miles away", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": "the ground. Sparks sprang from water line taps when touched. Light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab glowed", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": "swirling in circles", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": "a power outage", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": "a power outage", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": "a power outage", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": ", and which caused heavy sparks to jump through the windings and destroy the insulation", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": ", or other planets", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": "the conclusion Tesla was hearing signals from Mars", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": "Julian Hawthorne", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": "the new century to the Red Cross Society where he referred to messages \"from another world\" that read \"1... 2... 3...\"", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": "the new century to the Red Cross Society where he referred to messages \"from another world\" that read \"1... 2... 3...\"", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": "100", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": "a new lighting system. Instead, Tesla", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": ", Tesla used the money to fund his Colorado Springs experiments", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": "1899", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": "7 January 1900", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": "1904", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": "1904", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": "1904", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe near Shoreham, Long Island", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe near Shoreham, Long Island", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": "the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe near Shoreham, Long Island", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": "Morgan", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": "Tesla responded by saying that he was affected by the Panic of 1901", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": ", but it was also fruitless. Morgan still owed Tesla money on the", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": "over", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": "the next five years, Tesla", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": "December 1901", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": "the construction of Wardenclyffe. Tesla continued the project for another nine months. The tower was erected to its full 187 feet", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "200", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": "the Waterside Power Station in New York, several of his bladeless turbine engines", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "1906", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "100", + "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "steam", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "-powered mechanical oscillator\u2014Tesla's oscillator. While experimenting with mechanical oscillators at his Houston Street lab", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": ", he was forced to use a sledge hammer", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer\" by Allan L. Benson\u2014was published in World Today", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": "the earth's crust", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": "electricity", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": "the application of electricity to the brain enhanced intelligence. In 1912", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": "William H. Maxwell", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "William H. Maxwell", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": "overseas", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": "the war started, Tesla", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": "a more viable real estate asset, Tesla", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": "$20", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": "1917", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": "August 1917", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": "screen", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "modern radar", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": "\u00c9mile Girardeau", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": "the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays.\":245", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": "the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays.\":245", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": "the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays.\":245 There were unsubstantiated rumors at the time that Tesla", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": "the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays.\":245", + "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": "the other received it first; that both rejected any possibility of sharing it; and even that a wealthy Edison", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": "38", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": "38", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": "1937", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": "1,655,114", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": "1928", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": "less than $", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": "the earliest known design for what became the tiltrotor/tilt-wing concept as well as the earliest proposal for the use of turbine", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": "$125 per month", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": "the rest of Tesla", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": "1934", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": "the rest of Tesla's life. Accounts on how this came about vary. Several sources say Westinghouse was worried about potential bad publicity", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": "mechanical energy", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": "the", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": "the", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": "the location of underground mineral deposits", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "1935", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": "the fall of 1937, after midnight one night, Tesla", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": "the full extent of his injuries will never be known; Tesla refused to consult a doctor\u2014an almost lifelong custom", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": "the ground. Tesla", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": "1938", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": "the fall of 1937", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\" or death ray", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": "the Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\" or death ray", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": "a \"peace ray\" or death ray", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": "Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\" or death ray", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "a \"peace ray\" or death ray", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "1937", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "1937", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": "a narrow stream of small tungsten", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": "a narrow stream of small tungsten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "Only a little", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": "The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media, concerning charged particle beam weapons", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": "the same year, Tesla wrote a treatise", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": "Belgrade", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": "millions", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": "war", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": "the period in which the negotiations were being conducted, Tesla", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": ", for he had at no time committed any part of it to paper; the blueprint for the teleforce weapon was all in his mind", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": "empty-handed", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": "86", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": "7 January 1943", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": "the age of 86, Tesla", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "sign", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": "the age of 86, Tesla", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": "the National Defense Research Committee, was called in to analyze the Tesla items", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": "John G. Trump", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": "John G. Trump", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": "the Manhattan Storage", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": "New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": "Louis", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": "12", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": "the background. On 12 January, two thousand people attended a state funeral for Tesla", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": "the background. On 12 January, two thousand people attended a state funeral for Tesla at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine. After the funeral, Tesla", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": "1952", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": "Sava Kosanovi\u0107", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": "1957", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": "1957", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": "1957", + "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": "278", + "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": "278", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "the United States, Britain, and Canada, but many other patents were approved in countries around the globe", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": "archives", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": "8", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": "the rare occasions when he would give a dinner to a group to meet his social obligations. Tesla", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": "3", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": "the rare occasions when he would give a dinner to a group to meet his social obligations. Tesla", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": "8", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": ",", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": "one hundred times", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": ", saying that it stimulated his brain cells", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": "telepathy", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": "Arthur Brisbane", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": "the same interview, Tesla said that he believed that all fundamental laws", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": "the end of his life, Tesla", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": "the", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": "the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pige", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": "the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pigeons and even brought injured ones into his hotel room", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": "142", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": "6", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "1926", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": ",", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": "eight", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": "blinding flashes of light would appear before his eyes, often accompanied by visions", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "the name of an item, he would be able to envision it in realistic detail.:33", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": "the name of an item, he would be able to envision it in realistic detail.:33", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": "photographic", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": "more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": "84", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": "Graz", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": "3", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": "Kenneth Swezey, a journalist", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": "chastity", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "women", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "toward the end of his life, he told a reporter", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": "Dorothy", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": "Robert Underwood Johnson described him as attaining a \"distinguished sweetness", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": "a social life, many people spoke very positively and admiringly of Tesla", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": "Robert Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": "Julian Hawthorne", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": "Mark Twain", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": ", and Kenneth Swezey. In middle age, Tesla became a close friend of Mark Twain", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": "the late 1920s", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": "overweight people", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "secretary", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": ", such as when he fired a secretary", + "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": "several occasions", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "the theory of atoms being composed of smaller subatomic particles, stating there was no such thing as an electron", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": "immutable", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": "the 19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\" that transmitted electrical energy", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "19th century", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "Einstein", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "antagonistic towards theories", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": "the conversion of matter into energy.:247 He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": "a letter to have completed a \"dynamic theory", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": "1892", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": "curved space", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": "81", + "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "the belief that humans' \"pity\" had interfered with the", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "the belief that humans' \"pity\" had interfered with the natural \"ruthless workings of nature", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "the belief that humans' \"pity", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "1937", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": "Queen Bees", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": "1926", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": "Queen Bees", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "the Consummation of the War\" (20 December 1914", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "Science", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "the War\" (20 December 1914", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "the League of Nations", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": "Christian", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": "the orthodox sense,\" and opposed religious fanaticism", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": "the orthodox sense,\" and opposed religious fanaticism. Despite this, he had a profound respect for both Buddhism", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": "1937", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": "uncertain", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": "War", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": "a number of books", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": "a number of books and articles for magazines and journals. Among his books are My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": "Ben Johnston", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": "Nikola", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": "1900", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "Nikola Tesla", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": "a recurring theme in several types of science fiction", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": "a recurring theme in several types of science fiction", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": "a recurring theme in several types of science fiction", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": "Time magazine", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": "1931", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": "the world's his power house", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": "Albert Einstein", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": "the world's his power house\" noted his contribution to electrical power generation. He received congratulatory letters from more than 70", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "A computational problem", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "the amount of resources", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "the amount of resources", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "the amount of resources", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "the number of processors (used in parallel computing", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "the roles of computational complexity theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "problem", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "solution", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "the difference between a problem and an instance", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": ", and graphs can be encoded directly via their adjacency matrices, or by encoding their adjacency lists in binary", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "a string over an alphabet. Usually, the alphabet is taken to be the binary alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "a string over an alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "binary notation", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "graphs", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "a special type of computational problem whose answer is either yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "either 1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "yes", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": ", or alternately either 1 or 0", + "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "the following. The input is an arbitrary graph", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "the following. The input is an arbitrary graph", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "binary", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": ", it isn't just yes or no. Notable examples include the traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "a single", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "the traveling salesman problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "the traveling salesman problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": ", it isn't just yes or no. Notable examples include the traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization problem", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "the notion of function problems", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "the notion of decision problems", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "the size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "a", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "the size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits", + "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "the size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": ", then the algorithm is said to be a polynomial time algorithm. Cobham's thesis", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "the time taken can be expressed", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "the same size can be different, the worst-case time complexity", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "the same size can be different, the worst-case time complexity", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "a polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "a pencil and paper. It is believed that if a problem can be solved by an algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "the Turing machine", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "manipulates symbols", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "A deter", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "A deterministic Turing machine is the most basic Turing machine", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "a fixed set of rules to determine its future actions. A probabilistic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-determinism", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "Many types of Turing machines are used to define complexity classes", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": ", such as deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines, non-deterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines", + "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "Many types of Turing machines", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "the literature, for example random access machines", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "the literature, for example random access machines", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": ", for example random access machines. Perhaps surprisingly, each of these models can be converted to another without providing any extra computational power. The time and memory", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "the literature, for example random access machines", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "a computational model that is allowed to branch", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "a non-deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "a non-deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "a computational model that is allowed to branch", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": ", the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine is then denoted by DTIME", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "problems based on their difficulty", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "DTIME", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "-known complexity resources", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "-known complexity resources", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "the most well-known complexity resources, any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "Other complexity measures used in complexity theory include communication complexity", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "decision tree complexity", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "the same size. Since some inputs of size n may be faster to solve than others, we define the following complexities", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "worst and average case complexity", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "the same size. Since some inputs of size n may be faster to solve than others, we define the following complexities", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "faster", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "the problem of sorting a list of integers", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "O", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "O", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "the field of analysis of algorithms", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "analysis of algorithms", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "the time complexity", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "analysis", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "the field of analysis of algorithms", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "the computational model used. For instance, if T(n)", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "the computational model used. For instance, if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40, in big O notation", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "the computational model used. For instance, if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40, in big O notation", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "independent", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework. Thus, a typical complexity class", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "a definition like the following:", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "a", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "the basis for the complexity class P, which is the set of decision problems", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quad", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "the model of single-tape Turing machines", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "polynomially related", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "the basis for the complexity class P, which is the set of decision problems", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "the time or space", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "the following:", + "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "complexity classes can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm. Some important complexity classes of decision problems", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": ", which are defined using quantum Turing machines. #P is an important complexity class of counting problems", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": ", which are defined using quantum Turing machines. #P is an important complexity class of counting problems", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": ", which are defined using quantum Turing machines. #P is an important complexity class of counting problems (not decision problems", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "DTIME", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "the answer to such questions is given by the time and space hierarchy", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "hierarchy theorems because they induce a proper hierarchy", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "the other. Having deduced such proper set inclusions, we can proceed to make quantitative statements", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "EXPTIME", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "contained in PSPACE", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "the concept of a reduction", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "the concept of a reduction. A reduction is a transformation", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": ", if a problem X can be solved using an algorithm", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "po", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "po", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "po", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "the problem of multiplying two integers. This means an algorithm", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "po", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "the same input to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "polynomial-time reduction. This means that the reduction process takes polynomial time. For example, the problem of squaring an integer", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "the concept of a problem being hard for a complexity class", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "po", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": ", since an algorithm for X allows us to solve any problem in C", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "NP-hard problems", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "the hardest problems in C.) Thus the class of NP-complete problems", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "the hardest problems in C.) Thus the class of NP-complete problems", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "the sense that they are the ones most likely not to be in P. Because the problem P = NP", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "the sense that they are the ones most likely not to be in P. Because the problem P = NP", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "The complexity class P", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "the other hand, contains many problems that people would like to solve efficiently, but for which no efficient algorithm", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": ", contains many problems that people would like to solve efficiently, but for which no efficient algorithm is known, such as the Boolean satisfiability problem", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": ", such as the Boolean satisfiability problem, the Hamiltonian path problem and the vertex cover problem. Since deterministic Turing machines", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "the ability to find formal proofs of pure mathematics theorems. The P versus NP", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "the ability to find formal proofs of pure mathematics theorems. The P versus NP", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "1", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "NP-intermediate problems", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "the very few NP problems", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "The graph isomorphism problem", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "whether two finite graphs are isomorphic", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "polynomial time hierarchy", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level", + "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level. Since it is widely believed that the polynomial hierarchy", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "the prime factorization", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "the problem of deciding", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "the RSA algorithm", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "quantum", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "unequal", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "unequal", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "unequal", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "unequal", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "the same lines, co-NP is the class containing the complement problems", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "the same lines, co-NP is the class containing the complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": ", it has not yet been proven. It has been shown that if these two complexity classes are not equal then P is not equal to NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": ", it has not yet been proven. It has been shown that if these two complexity classes are not equal then P is not equal to NP", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": ", it is not known if L (the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "the two, such as NL and NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": ", there are many complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "the two, such as NL and NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "the two, such as NL and NC", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": ", a polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "the same as P", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger arithmetic", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "algorithms", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "NP-complete knapsack problem", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "less", + "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time and SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of the NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "the complexity of algorithmic problems", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "the complexity of algorithmic problems", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "1936", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "the complexity of algorithmic problems started off, numerous foundations were laid out by various researchers. Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\" by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\" by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "the Computational Complexity of Algorithms", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "linear bounded automata (Myhill 1960", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Yamada", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "proofs", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "the choice of encoding", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "the USSR, proved that there exist practically relevant problems that are NP", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "the so-called, speed-up theorem", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "the USSR, proved that there exist practically relevant problems that are NP-complete. In 1972", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": "a process known as continuing professional development. Teachers may use a lesson plan to facilitate student learning, providing a course of study which is called the curriculum", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": "pedagogy", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "the study of pedagogy, the science of teaching", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": "the study of pedagogy, the science of teaching", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": "the study of pedagogy, the science of teaching", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": "cultures", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": ", or life skills", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": "craftsmanship or vocational training", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": ", or life skills", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": ", or by anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community setting", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": "schooling", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": ", or by anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community setting", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": "ongoing", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": ", or by anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community setting", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "the Quran, Torah or Bible", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": ", may teach religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": ", may teach religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "Religious and spiritual teachers", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "homeschooling", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": ", which is called homeschooling, or in the wider community. Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": ", and accountants (Chartered or CPA", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling, or in the wider community", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "the wider community. Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals. Such professionals enjoy a status in some societies", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": "the", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": "extracurricular activities", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": "the organization of school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "the organization of school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities. In some education systems", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": "the world many governments operate teacher's colleges", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": "the world many governments operate teacher's colleges", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": "the world many governments operate teacher's colleges", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": "the world many governments operate teacher's colleges, which are generally established to serve and protect the public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": "the world many governments operate teacher's colleges, which are generally established to serve and protect the public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": ", and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": "the State Board of Education", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": "publicly funded schools must be members in good standing with the college", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "the State Board of Education", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": "the State Board of Education", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": ", often in a school or academy or perhaps in another environment such as outdoors. A teacher who teaches on an individual basis may be described as a tutor", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": "a tutor", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": ", often in a school or academy or perhaps in another environment such as outdoors", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": ", often in a school or academy or perhaps in another environment such as outdoors. A teacher who teaches on an individual basis may be described as a tutor", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": "the past decade, has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": "pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": "outside of the classroom", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": "the past decade, has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "the past decade, has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": ", or a practical skill", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": ", or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": ", from infants to adults, students with different abilities and students with learning disabilities", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "infants", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "standardized", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": "the educational levels of the students on particular skills", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "the needs of all students in the classroom", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "encourage", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": "def", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": "a coach", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": "the", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": "the whole curriculum", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": "the week and may have ten or more different teachers", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": "the week and may have ten or more different teachers. The relationship between children and their teachers", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": "the week and may have ten or more different teachers. The relationship between children and their teachers", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "the United States as well. However, alternative approaches", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": "the United States as well. However, alternative approaches for primary education do exist. One of these, sometimes referred to as a \"platoon\" system", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": "the same group of peers", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": "the United States as well. However, alternative approaches for primary education do exist. One of these, sometimes referred to as a \"platoon\" system", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "the United States as well. However, alternative approaches for primary education", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "Co-teaching", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": "the classroom", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": "the classroom. Co-teaching focuses the student on learning", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": "the classroom", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": "the classroom. Co-teaching", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": "the history of education the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": "the history of education the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": "the history of education the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": "the history of education the most common form of school discipline", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "the history of education the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": "the most common forms of school discipline throughout much of the world", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": "the United States following a US Supreme Court decision in 1977 which held that padd", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": "the United States", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": "1977", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": "the United States following a US Supreme Court decision in 1977 which held that padd", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "30", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": "the seat of the student's trousers or skirt with a specially made wooden paddle", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": "the South", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": "the seat of the student's trousers or skirt with a specially made wooden paddle", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": ", but nowadays the punishment is usually given privately", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": ", remains commonplace in schools in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": ", remains commonplace in schools in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": ", remains commonplace in schools in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries. For details of individual countries see School corporal punishment", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": "detention", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": "the most common punishments", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": "the United States, the UK, Ireland, Singapore and other countries. It requires the pupil to remain in school", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": ", or sit quietly", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": "the United States, the UK, Ireland, Singapore and other countries. It requires the pupil to remain in school at a", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": "the idea of an assertive", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": "the idea of an assertive teacher who is prepared to impose their will upon a class. Positive reinforcement", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": "firm, clear boundaries", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": "sarcasm and attempts to humiliate pupils are seen as falling outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": "the idea of an assertive teacher who is prepared to impose their will upon a class. Positive reinforcement", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": "the majority of academics, some teachers and parents advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": "East Asia", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": "the majority of academics, some teachers and parents advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "the majority of academics, some teachers and parents advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": "the reality of East Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": "the reality of East Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": "the reality of East Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries. In Japan", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": "the reality of East Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": "40", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": "the classroom can divert the teacher from instruction", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": "the classroom can divert the teacher from instruction, leaving little opportunity for concentration and focus on what is being taught. In response", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": "the classroom can divert the teacher from instruction, leaving little opportunity for concentration and focus on what is being taught. In response", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": "the classroom", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": "a whole, thence the school atmosphere is one of persuasion and negotiation, rather than confrontation since there is no one to confront. Sudbury model democratic schools", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": "a whole, thence the school atmosphere is one of persuasion and negotiation, rather than confrontation since there is no one to confront. Sudbury model democratic schools", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": "a whole, thence the school atmosphere", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": "a whole, thence the school atmosphere is one of persuasion and negotiation, rather than confrontation since there is no one to confront. Sudbury model democratic schools", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": "fairly", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": "enthusiasm", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": "passion", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": "a daily basis", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": "the", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "the classroom", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": "the classroom", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": ", such as demonstrative gesturing, dramatic movements", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "Controlled, experimental studies exploring intrinsic motivation of college students", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "expressions of enthusiasm", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": "self-determined", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": "the context of learning. Also, enthusiasm", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "Students", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": "the context of learning. Also, enthusiasm", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "relationships", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": "Enthusiastic teachers", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "the kind of relationship they build with their students. Useful teacher-to-student interactions", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": "aligning his personal goals", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "closely linked to student-teacher relationships", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": "friendly", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": "friendly", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "Teachers", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "Effective teachers", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "the", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "the future. The teacher also needs to be enthusiastic", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "A spark in the teacher may create a spark of excitement", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": "the ability to be very influential", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "the", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "the media", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "9", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "9", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "9", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": "the media and the courts. A study by the American Association of University Women reported that 9.6%", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "0.3%", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": "0.3%", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": "0.3%", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": "2,065", + "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": "Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau", + "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": "the United States especially, several high-profile cases such as Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "the law that we are concerned about.\" This has led to outrage from child protection and parental rights groups. Fears of being labelled a pedophile", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": "the law that we are concerned about.\" This has led to outrage from child protection and parental rights groups", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "shortage", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": "the sex offenders register", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": ", including occupational stress", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": ", and administrative personnel, working environment, expectations to substitute, long hours with a heavy workload, and inspections. Teachers", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "burnout", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": ", and students' performance. Stress can be caused by organizational", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": ", including occupational stress", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": "42", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": "the", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "42% of UK teachers", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": "teachers", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": "the average profession. A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": ", are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": "ment", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": "Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": "bonuses", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": "Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring, changing the work environment", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": "the world. In almost all countries teachers are educated in a university or college", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": "the US, require that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": "elementary", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": "the US, require that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": "the US, require that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": "the responsibility of the individual states and territories", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": "three-tier model", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "the individual states and territories. Generally, education in Australia follows the three-tier model", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "the individual states and territories. Generally, education in Australia follows the three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "three", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": "the", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": "the", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": "the provincial government or teaching in a private school", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": "Teaching Education Studies", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": "Teaching Education Studies", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": "elementary", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": "Salaries for teachers depend on the civil servants' salary index scale", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": "Teaching Education Studies", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": "Extra", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": "\u20ac27,814", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": "\u20ac53,423", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": "over", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": "the Teaching Council", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": "30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": "the Teaching Council; under Section 30", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": "2006", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": "the teaching profession", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": "the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role\". Existing staff", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": "the teaching profession. These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts and those", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": "September", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": ", although some salaries can go much higher depending on experience and extra responsibilities. Preschool teachers", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": "20,980", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": ", although some salaries can go much higher depending on experience and extra responsibilities. Preschool teachers may earn \u00a320,980", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": "September", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": "alternative licensing programs", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": "counties", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": "-fill positions. Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": "Excellent job opportunities", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": "-fill positions. Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": "the General Teaching Council for Scotland", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": "Teaching", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": "seven", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": "Initial Teacher Education", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "a year if there is sufficient evidence to show that the \"Standard for Full Registration", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": "April 2008", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": "20,427", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": "\u00a320,427", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": "6 years teaching", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": "Association", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "respects", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "the United Kingdom. For example, a significant number of students all over Wales are educated either wholly or largely through the medium of Welsh", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "compulsory for all pupils until the age of 16", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "22", + "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "the United Kingdom. For example, a significant number of students all over Wales are educated either wholly or largely through the medium of Welsh", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "the average age of teachers in Wales", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": "the average age of teachers in Wales", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": "2005 and 2010", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "NASUWT", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": "the average age of teachers in Wales is falling with teachers being younger than in previous years. A growing cause of concern", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": "the United States, each state determines the requirements for getting a license", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": "ten years", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": "the United States, each state determines the requirements for getting a license", + "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": "Many charter schools", + "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": "No Child Left Behind", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": "51,009", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": "the past, teachers have been paid relatively low salaries. However, average teacher salaries have improved rapidly in recent years", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": "51,009", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": "39,259", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": "com", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": ", as opposed to the unofficial positions of spiritual guides", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": "a long tradition of \"discernment of spirits\", of vocations, and other aspects of spiritual life, especially the Roman and Orthodox Catholic Churches", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": "Pope of Rome", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": ", with a stronger tradition of spiritual formation", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": "Latter-day Saints", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": "spiritual teacher", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": ", and has little in common with the \"spiritual teacher\" archetype. The role of \"spiritual teacher", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": "the LDS Church is similar to that in the more \"low-church\" traditions of Protestantism, with a stronger emphasis placed on the husband", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": "Latter-day Saints", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": "a guru", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": "extremely", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": "the lives of their disciples", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": "traditions of Hinduism - especially those common in the West", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": "Lama", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": "reborn", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": ", in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": "times", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": ", in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": "teachers", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": "the teaching of one of the Four Schools of Jurisprudence", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "Sufism", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": "the teaching of one of the Four Schools of Jurisprudence. In the more spiritual or mystical Islamic tradition of Sufism", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": ", with emphasis on learning from living saints", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": "the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He proposed an academic discussion of the power and usefulness of indulgences", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": "18 February 1546", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": "the Late Medieval Catholic Church", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "the claim that freedom", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": "the Pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the Emperor", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": "the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": "a free gift of God's grace", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": "the authority and office of the Pope", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": "Bible", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": "the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "standard", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "Tyndale Bible", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "the art of translation, and influenced the writing of an English translation, the Tyndale Bible", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "model", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": "10 November 1483", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": "83", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "the feast day of St. Martin of Tours. His family moved to Mansfeld", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": "Catholic", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": ", and he was determined to see Martin, his eldest son, become a lawyer", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": "the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": "the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt, which he later described as a beerhouse and whorehouse", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": "at four", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": "the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": "5", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": "the same university that year but dropped out almost immediately", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": "the same university that year but dropped out almost immediately, believing that law represented uncertainty", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": "the same university that year but dropped out almost immediately, believing that law represented uncertainty. Luther sought assurances about life and was drawn to theology and philosophy", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": "Bartholomaeus Arnoldi von Usingen and Jodocus Trutfetter", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": "God", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": "terrified of death and divine judgment", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": "2 July 1505, he was returning to university on horseback after a trip home. During a thunderstorm, a lightning bolt", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "the door of the Black Cloister", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": ", and entered a closed Augustinian cloister in Erfurt on 17 July 1505. One friend blamed the decision on Luther's sadness", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": "furious over what he saw as a waste of Luther's education", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": "Christ", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": "the merits of Christ. He taught that true repentance", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": "jailer and hangman of my poor soul", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": "Johann von Staupitz, his superior", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": "the merits of Christ. He taught that true repentance", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": "7", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": ", and in 1508", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": "8", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": "9 March", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": "Biblical studies", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": "19 October 1512", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": ", was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg, having been called to the position of Doctor in Bible", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": "Doctor in Bible", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": "the rest of his career in this position at the University of Wittenberg", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": "19 October 1512, he was awarded his Doctor of Theology", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": "16", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": "Johann Tetzel", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": "the Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Roman Catholic theology", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": "the Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Roman Catholic theology", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": "the Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Roman Catholic theology", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": "31 October 1517", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": "Mainz", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": "Ninety-Five Theses", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": "Ninety-Five Theses", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": "86", + "56f80143aef2371900625d68": "Johann Tetzel", + "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "the", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "the coffer rings", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "Johann Tetzel", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": ", must not slacken in following Christ", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": "salvation", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": ", must not slacken in following Christ", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": ", must not slacken in following Christ", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": ", must not slacken in following Christ", + "56f8046faef2371900625d71": ", this oft-quoted saying of Tetzel", + "56f8046faef2371900625d72": "a reflection of his capacity to exaggerate. Yet if Tetzel overstated the matter in regard to indulgences for the dead, his teaching", + "56f8046faef2371900625d73": "the matter in regard to indulgences for the dead, his teaching", + "56f8046faef2371900625d74": "teaching on indulgences for the living was in line with Catholic dogma", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": "the pillars of history", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": "the pillars of history, has little foundation in truth", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": "on", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": "Wittenberg", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": "the", + "56f8074faef2371900625d79": "January 1518", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": "January 1518", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": "18", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": "18", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": ", copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months, they had spread throughout Europe", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": "19", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": "Students", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": "the Church, and On the Freedom of a Christian", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": "20", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": "Three", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": "the use of terms such as penance and righteousness", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": "the Bible, he came to view the use of terms such as penance and righteousness", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": "the use of terms such as penance and righteousness", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": "truths of Christianity", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": "the whole Christian doctrine", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "God", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": "25", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": "the merits of Christ.\" Faith", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": "a", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": "Romans 1:17) lives by faith", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "the first of two points", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "the first of two points", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": "the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "the first of two points", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": "Rome", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": "the building of St Peter's Church", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": "the building of St Peter's Church", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": "December", + "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "X", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": "the next three years he deployed a series of papal theologians and envoys", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "October", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "October 1518", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "October 1518", + "56f81393aef2371900625da9": "19", + "56f81393aef2371900625daa": "certain concessions", + "56f81393aef2371900625dab": "Johann Eck", + "56f81393aef2371900625dac": "Matthew 16:18", + "56f81393aef2371900625dad": ", was determined to expose Luther's doctrine", + "56f81537aef2371900625db3": "June 1520", + "56f81537aef2371900625db4": ", including the 95 Theses", + "56f81537aef2371900625db5": "60 days", + "56f81537aef2371900625db6": "Karl von Miltitz, a papal nuncio", + "56f81537aef2371900625db7": "3 January 1521", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": "the ban on the 95 Theses fell to the secular authorities", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "18 April 1521", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": "the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms, a town on the Rhine. It was conducted from 28 January to 25 May 1521", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": "Emperor", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "Prince", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Eck", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": "Archbishop", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": ", but requested time to think about the", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": ", but requested time to think about the answer to the second question. He prayed, consulted friends, and gave his response the next day", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": ", but requested time to think about the answer to the second question. He prayed", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": "the traditional salute", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": "traditional salute", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": "the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": ", Mullett suggests that given his nature, \"we are free to believe that Luther", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": ", Mullett suggests that given his nature, \"we are free to believe that Luther", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": ", Mullett suggests that given his nature, \"we are free to believe that Luther", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": ", Mullett suggests that given his nature, \"we are free to believe that Luther", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "the next five days, private conferences were held to determine Luther's fate. The Emperor presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": "25", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": "the next five days, private conferences were held to determine Luther's fate. The Emperor", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": "the next five days, private conferences were held to determine Luther's fate. The Emperor presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": "a crime for anyone in Germany to give Luther food or shelter. It permitted anyone to kill Luther without legal consequence", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "the security of the Wartburg Castle at Eisenach", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "the security of the Wartburg Castle at Eisenach", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": "referred to as \"my Patmos", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": "the New Testament", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": "Mainz", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": "every good work designed to attract God's favor is a sin", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": ", and God's grace", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": "1 August 1521", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": "the world. We will commit sins while we are here, for this life is not a", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": "the victor over sin, death, and the world. We will commit sins while we are here, for this life is not a place where justice", + "56f84485aef2371900625f71": "the summer of 1521", + "56f84485aef2371900625f72": "the heart of Church practices. In On the Abrogation of the Private Mass, he condemned as idolatry", + "56f84485aef2371900625f73": "the heart of Church practices. In On the Abrogation of the Private Mass", + "56f84485aef2371900625f74": "the whole congregation. His essay On Confession, Whether the Pope has the Power to Require It rejected compulsory confession", + "56f84485aef2371900625f75": "Monastic Vows. He assured monks and nuns", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": "the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": "21", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": "prophecy", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": "the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith. His main interest was centered on the prophecy of the Little Horn", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": "the power of the Papacy. So too was the Little Horn of Daniel 7, coming up among the divisions of Rome", + "56f84760aef2371900625f81": "the context of rapid developments at Wittenberg, of which he was kept fully informed. Andreas Karlstadt", + "56f84760aef2371900625f82": "the context of rapid developments at Wittenberg, of which he was kept fully informed. Andreas Karlstadt", + "56f84760aef2371900625f83": "the context of rapid developments at Wittenberg", + "56f84760aef2371900625f84": "zealots", + "56f84760aef2371900625f85": ", and Christ's imminent return. When the town council", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": "6 March 1522", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": "the primacy of core Christian values such as love, patience, charity, and freedom, and reminded the citizens to trust God's word rather than violence", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": "eight", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "eight", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": "the primacy of core Christian values such as love, patience, charity, and freedom, and reminded the citizens to trust God's word rather than violence", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "the way of the truth", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "Schurf", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "After", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "divine mercy", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": ", are bringing back every day misguided people", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": "the authorities to restore public order", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": "conservative force", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": "the authorities to restore public order, he signalled his reinvention as a conservative force within the Reformation. After banishing the Zwickau prophets", + "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": "social unrest and violence", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": "the Reformation. After banishing the Zwickau prophets, he now faced a battle against not only the established Church but also the radical reformers", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": "the 15th century. Luther's pamphlets against the Church and the hierarchy", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": "the German Peasants' War", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": "the 15th century. Luther's pamphlets against the Church and the hierarchy", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": "the 15th century. Luther's pamphlets against the Church and the hierarchy", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": "upper classes", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": "temporal authorities", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": "During", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": "Against", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": "Against", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": "Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": ", if only as highway", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": "ignoring", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": "God", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "doctrine", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "the law of God and Empire\", so they deserved \"death in body and soul, if only as highway", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": "the", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": "the Swabian League", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": "15 May 1525", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": "the Battle of Frankenhausen", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": "the wing of the secular powers", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": "the time of their marriage, Katharina was 26 years old and Luther", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": ", when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "26", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": "41", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "April 1523", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": "13", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": "evening", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": "the evening of the same day, the couple was married by Bugenhagen. The ceremonial walk to the church and the wedding banquet", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": "the evening of the same day, the couple was married by Bugenhagen. The ceremonial walk to the church and the wedding banquet", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": "the same day, the couple was married by Bugenhagen", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": ", but his decision to marry surprised many, not least Melanchthon", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": ", including Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": ", but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage. He had long condemned vows of celibacy on Biblical grounds", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": "wedlock because I daily expect the death of a heretic", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": ", but his decision to marry surprised many, not least Melanchthon, who called it reckless", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": "The Black Cloister", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": "The Black Cloister", + "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": "six", + "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "riches of Croesus", + "56f8575aaef2371900626001": "a living", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": "His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers had proved unworkable", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": "a supervisory church body", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": "worship", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": "the form of two catechisms", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": "the form of two catechisms. Luther's thought is revolutionary", + "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": "the role of repentance in the forgiveness of sins", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": "the church in the Electorate of Saxony", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": "adviser to churches in new territories", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": ", many of which followed his Saxon model. He worked closely with the new elector, John the Steadfast", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "the role of repentance in the forgiveness of sins", + "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": "early 1526", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": "the Latin Mass", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": "a replacement for his 1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass but as an alternative for the \"simple people", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": "a German Mass", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": "freedom of ceremony", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": ", which began in 1527", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": "the new order of worship", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": ", which began in 1527. They also assessed the standard", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": "Christian doctrine", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": "incapable of teaching", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": "the catechism", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": "29", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": "the basics of Christianity to the congregations. In 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": "Small", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": "the Lord's Supper. Luther incorporated questions", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "The catechism is one of Luther's most personal works", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "the", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": ", except perhaps the Bondage of the Will", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "the Catechism.\" The Small Catechism has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "translation of the Bible", + "56f86966aef2371900626053": "Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626054": "Small Catechism proved especially effective in helping parents teach their children; likewise the Larger Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626055": "the German vernacular, they expressed the Apostles' Creed in simpler, more personal, Trinitarian language", + "56f86966aef2371900626056": "the context of the Decalogue (the Ten Commandments) and the Lord's Prayer, which are also part of the Lutheran catechical teaching", + "56f86966aef2371900626057": "Father", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": "22", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": "34", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": "translation", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "the word \"alone", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": "the main point of Christian doctrine", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": "the Saxon chancellery", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "northern and southern", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": "the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans. He intended his vigorous, direct language to make the Bible accessible", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": ", \"for we are removing impediments and difficulties so that other people may read it without hindrance", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": "impediments and difficulties", + "56f86e91aef2371900626067": "German", + "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "the evolution of the", + "56f86e91aef2371900626069": ", it made a significant contribution to the evolution of the German language and literature", + "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "by Lucas Cranach", + "56f86e91aef237190062606b": ", such as William Tyndale's English Bible", + "56f87000aef2371900626071": "hymn-writer", + "56f87000aef2371900626072": ", and the public arena", + "56f87000aef2371900626073": "a lute", + "56f87000aef2371900626074": "a lute", + "56f87000aef2371900626075": "a national instrument of Germany", + "56f8720eaef237190062608f": "the title and first line \"Flung", + "56f8720eaef2371900626090": "the title and first line \"Flung", + "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "the title and first line \"Flung", + "56f8720eaef2371900626092": "John C. Messenger", + "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "the", + "56f87392aef2371900626099": "24", + "56f87392aef237190062609a": "One True God", + "56f87392aef237190062609b": "the Apostles' Creed", + "56f87392aef237190062609c": "creed", + "56f87392aef237190062609d": "the", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": "38", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": "1538", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": "the Lord's Prayer and as a means of examining candidates on specific catechism questions", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": "the", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "the Lord's Prayer have adopted Luther's tune", + "56f87760aef23719006260cc": "23", + "56f87760aef23719006260cd": "the theme of \"grace", + "56f87760aef23719006260ce": "the theme of \"grace", + "56f87760aef23719006260cf": "the Achtliederbuch", + "56f87760aef23719006260d0": "the theme of \"grace alone\" more fully. Because it expressed essential Reformation doctrine", + "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "main hymn (Hauptlied", + "56f879bdaef23719006260df": "the Te Deum as \"Herr Gott, dich loben wir\" with a simplified form of the melody", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "the main hymn for Christmas. He wrote for Pentecost \"Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist\", and adopted for Easter", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "two", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "German Te Deum", + "56f87e95aef237190062610a": "the structure and substance of his questions and answers concerning baptism", + "56f87e95aef237190062610b": "preexisting Johann Walter tune associated with a hymnic setting of Psalm 67's prayer", + "56f87e95aef237190062610c": "Psalm 67's prayer", + "56f87e95aef237190062610d": "J. S. Bach", + "56f87e95aef237190062610e": "Heintz", + "56f88025aef237190062611e": "the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter, Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn", + "56f88025aef237190062611f": "four", + "56f88025aef2371900626120": "18", + "56f88025aef2371900626121": "24", + "56f88025aef2371900626122": "the first choral hymnal with settings", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": "Bach", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": "Bach included several verses as chorales in his cantatas and based chorale cantatas", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "verses", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "Bach", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": "Jesu Christ", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "sleeps", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": "the idea of torments for the saints", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": "sleeps", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": "the existence", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": "graves and in heaven", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": "Franz Pieper", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": "Johann Gerhard", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": "the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians such as Johann Gerhard", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians such as Johann Gerhard. Lessing (1755", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": "a passage", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": "Francis Blackburne in 1765", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": "1765", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": "Gottfried Fritschel", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": "dreams", + "56f88c37aef2371900626176": "October 1529", + "56f88c37aef2371900626177": "the Lord's Supper", + "56f88c37aef2371900626178": "unity", + "56f88c37aef2371900626179": "fourteen", + "56f88c37aef237190062617a": "the nature of the Eucharist \u2013 the sacrament of the Lord's Supper\u2014an issue crucial to Luther", + "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "the significance of the words spoken by Jesus at the Last Supper", + "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "Real Presence", + "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "Real Presence", + "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "the significance of the words spoken by Jesus at the Last Supper", + "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "the significance of the words spoken by Jesus at the Last Supper", + "56f8907faef23719006261b2": "30", + "56f8907faef23719006261b3": "the Eucharist, the Marburg Colloquy paved the way for the signing in 1530", + "56f8907faef23719006261b4": "the Schmalkaldic League", + "56f8907faef23719006261b5": "The Swiss cities", + "56f8907faef23719006261b6": "the formation of the Schmalkaldic League the following year by leading Protestant nobles", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": "antit", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": "the sense that questions of faith could not be illuminated by reason", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": "Reason", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": "reason", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": ", has found a different reality in Luther. Luther rather seeks to separate faith and reason in order to honor the separate spheres of knowledge", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": "Jesus Christ", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": ", as the Reformation continued, Luther began to lose hope in large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": "Jews", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": ", as the Reformation continued, Luther began to lose hope in large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": "43", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": ", that the spiritual war against an alien faith was separate, to be waged through prayer and repentance", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": "the idea of a Holy War, \"as though our people were an army of Christians against the Turks, who were enemies of Christ", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": ", that the spiritual war against an alien faith was separate, to be waged through prayer and repentance", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": "the idea of a Holy War, \"as though our people were an army of Christians against the Turks, who were enemies of Christ", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": ", that the spiritual war against an alien faith was separate, to be waged through prayer and repentance", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": "a Latin", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": "the", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam, which he called \"Mohammedanism", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": ", which he called \"Mohammedanism", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": ", which he called \"Mohammedanism\" or \"the Turk\".", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "the time as pastor in Luther's birthplace, Eisleben \u2013 preached a sermon", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": "the time as pastor in Luther's birthplace, Eisleben", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": "Johannes", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": "the time as pastor in Luther's birthplace, Eisleben", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": "On the Councils and the Church", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": "the one hand, what has been called the \"second use of the law", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": "the one hand, what has been called the \"second use of the law", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": "the gospel. Luther states that everything that is used to work sorrow over sin is called the law", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": "the gospel. Luther states that everything that is used to work sorrow over sin is called the law", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": "sinners", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": "the other hand, Luther also points out that the Ten Commandments", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": "the other hand, Luther also points out that the Ten Commandments \u2013 when considered not as God's condemning judgment but as an expression of his eternal will", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "third use of the law", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": ", is nothing more than an illustration", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": "the Ten Commandments", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": "baptism", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": "a present foreshadowing of the believers' future angel-like life in heaven", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": "the sacrament of baptism, are a present foreshadowing of the believers' future angel-like life in heaven", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": "the view of Luther's biographer Martin Brecht, \"giving confessional advice for Philip of Hesse", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": "the view of Luther's biographer Martin Brecht, \"giving confessional advice for Philip of Hesse", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": "ladies", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": "the view of Luther's biographer Martin Brecht, \"giving confessional advice for Philip of Hesse was one of the worst mistakes", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": "lasting", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": "expelled Jews", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": "encountered Jews", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": "a theological and cultural tradition which saw Jews as a rejected people guilty of the murder of Christ", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": "the sight of God", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": "the sight of God", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": "Von den Juden und Ihren L\u00fcgen (On the Jews and Their Lies", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": "the Lineage of Christ), both published in 1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": "the Holy Name and the Lineage of Christ), both published in 1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "Lies", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": "the Holy Name and the Lineage of Christ), both published in 1543, three years before his death. Luther argued that the Jews", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": "Jews", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": "Martin Luther", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": ", later blamed their plight on \"that priest", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": ", later blamed their plight on \"that priest whose name was Martin Luther", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": "the 1580s", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Luther", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": ", and within Germany he acquired the status of a prophet. According to the prevailing view among historians, his anti-Jewish rhetoric", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "the 1930s and 1940s provided an \"ideal underpinning", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "the 1930s and 1940s provided an \"ideal underpinning", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": "editor of the Nazi newspaper Der St\u00fcrmer, on his birthday in 1937", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": "1941", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": ", for which Diarmaid MacCulloch, Professor of the History of the Church in the University of Oxford argued that Luther", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": "blue", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": "1938", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": "Bishop Martin Sasse, a leading Protestant churchman, published a compendium of Luther's writings", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": "Nazis' use of his work as opportunistic. Biographer Martin Brecht points out that \"There is a world of difference between his belief in salvation", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": "Martin Brecht", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": "material for the modern hatred", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": "18th and 19th centuries", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": "Nazis' use of his work as opportunistic. Biographer Martin Brecht points out that \"There is a world of difference between his belief in salvation", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": "a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": "a key element of German culture and national identity", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "a key element of German culture and national identity.\" Paul Rose argues that he caused a \"hysterical and demonizing mentality", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": "a key element of German culture and national identity", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": "the National Socialists", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": ", both in his writings condemning the Jews", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": "declining state of mind", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "vulgarity and violence", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "the years his health deteriorated, it is possible they were at least partly the product of a declining state of mind. Edwards also comments that Luther often deliberately", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "1983", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "1980s", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": "least", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": "the University of Nottingham, England, and the author of Hitler and Nazism (Routledge 1993", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": "1928-1933", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": ", and a cataract in one eye. From 1531 to 1546", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": ", and the scandal which ensued", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": "arthritis", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": "the effects of angina", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": "the effects of angina", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": ", \"They are teaching me to be rude", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": ", \"They are teaching me to be rude.\" In 1545 and 1546 Luther preached three times in the Market Church in Halle", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": "-tempered and even harsher", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": ", \"They are teaching me to be rude", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": "three", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": "at Eisleben", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": "15", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": "entire", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": "a matter of great urgency to expel from all German territory", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": "a matter of great urgency to expel from all German territory", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": "to Mansfeld", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": ", and Gerhard. Luther journeyed to Mansfeld twice", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": ", and Gerhard. Luther journeyed to Mansfeld twice", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "46", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": ", was taken because of his concern for his siblings' families continuing in their father Hans Luther", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": "17 February 1546", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": ", shouted loudly, \"Reverend father, are you ready to die trusting in your Lord Jesus Christ and to confess the doctrine", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": "Ps", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": ", he prayed, \"Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": ", shouted loudly, \"Reverend father, are you ready to die trusting in your Lord Jesus Christ and to confess the doctrine", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": ", and he died shortly afterwards at 2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546, aged 62, in Eisleben", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": "18", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "18 February", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": ". on 18 February 1546, aged 62, in Eisleben", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": "friends Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": "Latin", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "apart from \"We are beggars,\" which was in German", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": "the 1530s and 1540s, printed", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": "frail Catholic saints", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "the 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": "the spread of Protestantism. In contrast to images of frail Catholic saints", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "the 1530s and 1540s", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": "18 February", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": "the Church of England's Calendar of Saints", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": "the Church of England's Calendar of Saints he is commemorated on 31 October", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": "the Church of England's Calendar of Saints", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": "the Church of England's Calendar of Saints", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": ", is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties. The region is traditionally described as \"eight counties", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "the United States", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties. The region is traditionally described as \"eight counties", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "San Luis Obispo counties", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "the greater Southern California Megaregion", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "the United States. The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "the United States. The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border", + "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "the United States. The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "the Pacific", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "12", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "three", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "17", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "the Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "the state of Nevada. To the south", + "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California", + "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621", + "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California", + "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "eighth most populous in the nation", + "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "south", + "5705e99452bb891400689688": "the state and all are in the top 15 most populous counties", + "5705e99452bb891400689689": "the state and all are in the top 15 most populous counties", + "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "counties", + "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "the state and all are in the top 15 most populous counties", + "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "the", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "district", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "Company", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": ", and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": ", and Warner Brothers. Universal", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "the world's legendary surf spots are in southern California", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Oahu", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": ", and the desert city of Palm Springs", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": ", and the desert city of Palm Springs", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": ", and the desert city", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "exactly", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "around 11 miles", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten southern-most counties", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Another definition for southern California uses Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "the Tehachapi Mountains", + "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "the time when Mexico", + "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "southern", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "the United States, the division continued as part of the attempt by several pro-slavery politicians to arrange the division of Alta California at 36", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "1850", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes and land laws", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "slavery southerners in the lightly populated \"Cow Counties", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "three", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Milton Latham", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "the Los Angeles Times", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1999", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "1999", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "1900", + "5705f36452bb891400689718": "its regional tourism groups", + "5705f36452bb891400689719": "two", + "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "northern or southern California", + "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "the state, the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California", + "5705f36452bb89140068971c": ", but in that definition, the desert portions of north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino Counties would be included in the southern California region", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third most populated megalopolis in the United States", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "the state, along with vast areas", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "suburban communities", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "highways", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "the", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "inter-related", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "the east, the United States Census Bureau", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "L.A. and Orange Counties", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "the 1980s and 1990s", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "the", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "the", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "rare", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "the", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Southern California", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "the state and country", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "the", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Southern California", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "the", + "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10", + "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "small", + "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7", + "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "billion", + "5705fec152bb89140068977e": ", and structural collapses. It caused the most property damage of any earthquake in U.S. history, estimated at over $20 billion", + "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "the San Andreas Fault", + "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "a magnitude 8.0 event. Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", + "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", + "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "USGS", + "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "the Elsinore Fault Zone. The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models Earthquake occurrence", + "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "atmosphere", + "570602fa52bb89140068979f": ", and economically into distinctive regions, each containing its own culture and atmosphere, anchored usually by a city with both national and sometimes global recognition", + "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": ", which are often the hub", + "570603c475f01819005e7882": "United States Census", + "570603c475f01819005e7883": "a population of 22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates", + "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%", + "570603c475f01819005e7885": "the northern part of the state due to a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area", + "570603c475f01819005e7886": "the state due to a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area and an emerging Greater Sacramento region", + "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "eight", + "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "two", + "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "two", + "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern Border Region", + "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786", + "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "two largest cities in all of California", + "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "3", + "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "twelve", + "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100", + "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "Many of southern California's most developed cities lie along or in close proximity to the coast", + "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Southern California is famous for tourism and Hollywood", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "2001", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "the", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "1920s", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries. In one of the richest agricultural regions", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries. In one of the richest agricultural regions", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "the richest agricultural regions", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "the U.S., cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs. Although military spending cutbacks have had an impact, aerospace", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "Central business districts", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Downtown", + "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "the Los Angeles Area are the major business districts", + "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Los Angeles Area", + "57060cc352bb891400689810": "San Fernando Valley", + "57060cc352bb891400689811": "the major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach. Los Angeles itself has many business districts", + "57060df252bb891400689820": "the business districts", + "57060df252bb891400689821": "Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town", + "57060df252bb891400689822": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange County", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "University of California, Irvine", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "West Irvine", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "the University of California, Irvine. West Irvine includes the Irvine Tech Center and Jamboree Business Parks", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Downtown", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": ", and University City. Most of these districts", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": ", though the city is filled with business districts", + "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport, the second", + "570610b275f01819005e792b": "the United States by passenger volume", + "570610b275f01819005e792c": "second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third", + "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego", + "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys", + "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink", + "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "seven", + "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink", + "5706111a52bb89140068984f": ", and San Diego counties with the other line connecting San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties", + "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Port of Los Angeles", + "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Long Beach", + "570611c475f01819005e793e": "the United States' busiest commercial port; the adjacent Port of Long Beach", + "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", + "5706139252bb891400689865": "the region's diversified technology and industrial base as well as its multitude of prestigious and world-renowned", + "5706139252bb891400689866": "California Institute of Technology", + "5706139252bb891400689867": "5", + "5706139252bb891400689868": "12", + "5706143575f01819005e7950": "Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy", + "5706143575f01819005e7951": "Los Angeles Lakers", + "5706143575f01819005e7952": "Los Angeles Dodgers", + "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings", + "5706143575f01819005e7954": "LA Galaxy", + "5706149552bb891400689880": "2014", + "5706149552bb891400689881": "two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", + "5706149552bb891400689882": "2014", + "5706149552bb891400689883": "StubHub Center", + "5706149552bb891400689884": "2018", + "570614ff52bb89140068988a": ", and there is a longtime rivalry", + "570614ff52bb89140068988b": ", and there is a longtime rivalry", + "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "Tro", + "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "Pac-12 Conference", + "570614ff52bb89140068988e": ", and there is a", + "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", + "5706155352bb891400689895": "Rugby", + "5706155352bb891400689896": "southern California", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "1990", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "Sky", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "Sky UK Limited, still trading as Sky", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "2006", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "Sports", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Sky", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "Sports", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "a part of the ONdigital consortium", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "Sky", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "three", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Three", + "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Three", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "a Sky", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "September 2007", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "monthly fee", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "January", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "a monthly fee to enable Sky+ functions. In January 2010 BSkyB discontinued the Sky+ Box", + "57094d489928a8140047150a": "VideoGuard", + "57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS, a Cisco Systems company", + "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco", + "57094d489928a8140047150d": "the others. This extends to the Personal video recorder (PVR) offering (branded Sky", + "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Sky+", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "Virgin Media removing the basic", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "the carriage of Sky channels on cable TV", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "the basis that their new deal offered \"substantially more value\" by including HD channels and Video On Demand", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "the basis that their new deal offered \"substantially more value\" by including HD channels and Video On Demand content", + "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "July 2013", + "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "31 July 2013", + "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "OneDrive", + "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "Business", + "570960cf200fba1400367f05": ", and will rename its SkyDrive cloud storage service", + "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", + "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "four", + "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "2001", + "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "2001", + "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "3", + "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting", + "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "the United Kingdom. Sky", + "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11", + "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview in April 2007", + "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub", + "57096505ed30961900e84083": "Wi", + "57096505ed30961900e84084": "three", + "57096505ed30961900e84085": "later", + "57096505ed30961900e84086": "a range of products and services to be available in 2016. The Sky Q range consists of three", + "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "DVB-compliant MPEG-2", + "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels", + "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "Sky+ HD material is broadcast using MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2 standard", + "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "OpenTV", + "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "the HD material uses the DVB-S2 standard", + "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "the company to launch a new all-digital service, Sky", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "19.2\u00b0E. This was subsequently followed by more Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds", + "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28", + "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "2006", + "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40", + "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000 customers had yet to receive the service due to failed deliveries", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "4", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "March", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "a day after Setanta Sports confirmed that it would launch in March", + "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media", + "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "the BSkyB portfolio", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "a", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "a monthly subscription", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "a monthly subscription, and some are pay-per-view services. To view the encrypted content a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "9", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "a monthly subscription, and some are pay-per-view services. To view the encrypted content a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver", + "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "autumn of 1991", + "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV were the current rights holders", + "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a334", + "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC", + "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "the presence of channels on their EPG, with open access being an enforced part of their operating licence from Ofcom. Any", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "the presence of channels on their EPG, with open access", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "the presence of channels on their EPG, with open access", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "the presence of channels on their EPG, with open access", + "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", + "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky", + "57097051ed30961900e84134": "the name Sky", + "57097051ed30961900e84135": "the name Sky", + "57097051ed30961900e84136": "100", + "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", + "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media", + "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand", + "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC", + "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4", + "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", + "57097b50200fba140036804e": "25", + "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004", + "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", + "57097b50200fba1400368051": "-home service. Media commentators had debated whether the figure could be reached as the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "Welfare Cash Card", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "December", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "Sky TV bills", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "a single mother is wrongly claiming to be living alone\" \u2013 as, it claimed, subscription to sports channels would betray a man's presence in the household", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m for the channels", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "the carriage of their respective basic channels", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media", + "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "both BSkyB", + "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "the carriage of their respective basic channels", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "a number of museums, art galleries and theatres and is also described as the \"sporting capital of Australia\".", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "fourth", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "a number of museums, art galleries and theatres and is also described as the \"sporting capital of Australia", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "The Melbourne Cricket Ground", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "the world to search for gold, especially from Ireland and China. Many Chinese miners worked in Victoria, and their legacy", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "1", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "uns", + "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "proportional", + "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", + "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", + "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "the same as the lower house members\u2014four years", + "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "the same as the lower house members\u2014four years. Elections for the Victorian Parliament are now fixed and occur in November every four years", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": ", and the environmentalist Australian Greens are Victoria's main political parties. Traditionally", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": ", and the regional cities of Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong. The Liberals", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": ", and the environmentalist Australian Greens are Victoria's main political parties. Traditionally, Labor is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": ", and the environmentalist Australian Greens", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Traditionally, Labor is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs, and the regional cities", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "26", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "the state with 26.7% of the Victorian population, followed by Anglicans and members of the Uniting Church. Buddhism", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "168,637", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "20", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "the south-east of Australia. Victoria", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "second-largest city", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "the Koori", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony, and by the Federation of Australia in 1901, Melbourne", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "1803", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "the", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "50%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "50%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "18", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "Parliament", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "The Victorian Constitution can be amended by the Parliament of Victoria, except for certain \"entrenched\" provisions", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "18", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "warmest regions", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F) during summer and 15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F) in winter", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "2009", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": ", are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": ", are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education . Students do not pay tuition fees", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic Church", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "comply with government-set curriculum standards", + "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "the same year (Ford's Victorian plants", + "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "2017", + "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "May", + "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "the same year (Ford's Victorian plants\u2014in Broadmeadows and Geelong\u2014will close in October 2016", + "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "the same year (Ford's Victorian plants\u2014in Broadmeadows", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "1,986", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "many topographically, geologically and climatically diverse areas", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "the helmeted honeyeater", + "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps", + "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria. The Alps", + "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria. The Alps", + "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "below 0", + "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "government-owned lines", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Metro", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Government", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "Pacific National, CFCL Australia which operate freight", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "Metro", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "12", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Assembly", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "the Australian Senate. At state level, the Parliament of Victoria consists of the Legislative Assembly (the lower house) and the Legislative Council", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "the state is the Governor of Victoria, currently Linda", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "the world's output[citation needed].", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "540,800", + "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63", + "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "61", + "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "the centre", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "6.4 billion litres", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "the west of the state have been converted to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "the west of the state have been converted to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge. Two tourist railways", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "the state have been converted to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge. Two tourist railways operate over 760", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "the state have been converted to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge. Two tourist railways operate over 760", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "54", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "1854", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "crushed by British troops, but the discontents prompted colonial authorities to reform the administration", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Colony of Victoria Act 1855", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "the Legislative Assembly. The Premier", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly. The Premier", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly. The Premier", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly. The Premier", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17% to $8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "32,463 farms occupied around 136,000 square kilometres (52,500 sq mi) of Victorian land. This comprises more than 60%", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "Major events also play a big part in tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "a big part in tourism in Victoria", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Most of these events are centred on Melbourne", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": ", but others occur", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "Bell", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "the southern", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "one-eighth", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": ", fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Nantes", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "the southern and central parts of France", + "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. The label Huguenot was purportedly first applied in France to those conspirators", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "the \"Confederate Party", + "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "the side effect of fostering relations with the Swiss. Thus, Hugues plus Eidgenosse", + "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "the connotations of a somewhat related word in German Eidgenosse", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "vernacular languages", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "Around 1294", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "Jean de R\u00e9ly, was printed in Paris in 1487", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "66", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "the most important of the 66", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "a", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "22", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "the most important of the 66 \"villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9", + "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "the arrival of Fran\u00e7ois Villion (Viljoen", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Town", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "the arrival of Fran\u00e7ois Villion (Viljoen", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "the Netherlands to the Dutch East India Company post at the Cape of Good Hope", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1700", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jess\u00e9 de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Forest", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "L'\u00c9glise fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "L'\u00c9glise fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Brooklyn", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "inger", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "97", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "the strongest opponent", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "League", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Dutch Republic, which led the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Fontainebleau (1685", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "Fontainebleau (1685", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Fontainebleau", + "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "500", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "Church", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": ", as some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern France. Retaliating against the French Catholics", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", + "57108073b654c5140001f927": "the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621", + "57108073b654c5140001f926": "the death of Henry IV, a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes", + "57108073b654c5140001f928": "the death of Henry IV, a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes", + "57108073b654c5140001f929": "XIII", + "57108073b654c5140001f925": "three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions", + "57108198b654c5140001f937": "Approximately one million Protestants in modern France represent some 2%", + "57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%", + "57108198b654c5140001f939": "the south", + "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "the C\u00e9vennes", + "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots", + "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New Rochelle", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Rochelle, and a third further upstate in New Paltz", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "New Paltz", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "Huguenot Street Historic District", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "New York Harbor, for which the current neighborhood", + "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "the Dutch Republic", + "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75", + "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "the Dutch Republic amounted to ca. 2 million", + "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Amsterdam", + "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "the Edict of Nantes", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "the gate of King Hugo", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "Huguon, the gate of King Hugo", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "superstitious worship; popular fancy held that Huguon", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "the pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "the pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", + "571090abb654c5140001f995": "the 19th century, reviving an earlier use.)", + "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers", + "571090abb654c5140001f997": "the 19th century, reviving an earlier use.) Others refugees practised the variety of occupations", + "571090abb654c5140001f998": "the late 16th century", + "571090abb654c5140001f999": "the late 16th century to about 1830. (It has been adapted as a restaurant", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "French Church Street", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "the 17th and 18th centuries", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "D'Olier Street", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "D'Olier Street", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", + "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "the time of the French and Indian War (the North American front of the Seven Years' War), a sizeable population of Huguenot descent", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "New France", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "the time of the French and Indian War (the North American front of the Seven Years' War", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759-60", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "98", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "the French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism, issued the Edict of Nantes", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "the French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "Catholics", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": ", and prohibited emigration. It proved disastrous", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "Catholics and were called \"new converts", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "the country of hundreds", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "the Netherlands", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "the whole of the Americas", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "Guanabara", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "60", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "the Guanabara Confession of Faith", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "The wine industry", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surn", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Henry Laurens", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "a church that dates to 1844. The Huguenot Society of America maintains Manakin Episcopal Church", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "the British lace industry", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "the time. Although 19th century sources have asserted that some of these refugees", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "the time. Although 19th century sources have asserted that some of these refugees", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "the end of the 18th century", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "neighbourhoods", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "the city's population was French speaking. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "the city's population was French speaking. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "the", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Calvinist", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "the rugged C\u00e9vennes region in the south", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "the Camisards", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "the Catholic Church", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "09", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline on the banks of the St. Johns River in what is today Jacksonville", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Fort Caroline", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "St. Augustine", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "Jean", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "-day Southeastern U.S., and founded the outpost of Charlesfort", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "the colony of Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "20 miles", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "390", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "12 May 1705", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "the first years of the Dutch Revolt", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "Apologie\" of William the Silent", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "Silent", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Silent", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": ", this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. Andrew Lortie (born Andr\u00e9 Lortie", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "08", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "William of Orange", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "Orange", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "the", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "the growth of the Irish linen industry", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making works", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "Saarbr\u00fccken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "Holy", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland. They also spread beyond Europe to the Dutch Cape Colony", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland. They also spread beyond Europe to the Dutch Cape Colony", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland. They also spread beyond Europe to the Dutch Cape Colony", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland. They also spread beyond Europe to the Dutch Cape Colony", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "the French language. The \"Hugues hypothesis", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "the French language. The \"Hugues hypothesis", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "the French language. The \"Hugues", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "the French language. The \"Hugues hypothesis", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "the French language. The \"Hugues", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "Jacques", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "the New Testament in 1523", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "the University of Paris", + "57111428b654c5140001faff": "St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", + "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris", + "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "3,000", + "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "73", + "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "almost 25,000", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": ", he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking the Edict of Nantes", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "the Edict of Nantes", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "schools", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "the county of Westchester", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "the help of Jacob Leisler", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "the help of Jacob Leisler", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "the help of Jacob Leisler", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "the", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "a former student of Lavoisier", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "the", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": ", which led to their assimilation. Their descendants", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "E.I. du Pont", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "the US Library of Congress", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Saint Nicolas", + "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550", + "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "London", + "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square", + "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch", + "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "24", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Reformed states", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "the", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angerm\u00fcnde) by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "the", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Fred", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Hermann von Fran\u00e7ois", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "the German Federal Minister of the Interior", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "the Rankine cycle", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "the Rankine cycle", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "the Rankine cycle", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": ", where the working fluid", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": ", was the atmospheric engine", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "around 1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "'s steam pump", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": ", was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "the United Kingdom", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "21 February 1804, the world's first railway journey", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "the world's first railway journey took place as Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway from the Pen-y", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "Abercynon in south Wales", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "the", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "the", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "the 1850s but are no longer widely used, except in applications such as steam locomotives", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "the", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three or four", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "three", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "the late 19th century", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "the late 19th century, the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "the Olympic class", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "the 1840s and 50s, there were attempts to overcome this problem by means of various patent valve gears with a separate, variable cutoff", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "simpler Stephenson, Joy and Walschaerts motions", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "the expense of increased friction and wear, and the mechanism tended to be complicated. The usual compromise solution has been to provide lap", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the crown of the boiler's firebox. If the water level drops, such that the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly, the lead melts", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "the crown of the boiler's firebox. If the water level drops, such that the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly, the lead melts", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "the", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "the smallest of boilers", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "continuous rotary motion", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten-horse", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "the Industrial Revolution", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "the first century AD", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "the first century AD; the first recorded rudimentary steam engine being the aeolipile", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "aeolipile described by Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "06", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "the end of the 19th century compound engines came into widespread use", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "especially", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": ", especially in shipping where efficiency was important to reduce the weight of coal carried. Steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "double", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "the use of steam turbines starting in the late part of the 19th century", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "the late", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "the 19th century. Steam turbines are generally more efficient than reciprocating piston type steam engines (for outputs above several hundred horsepower", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "90%", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "the", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": ", most commonly from burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in a closed space (called variously combustion chamber", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "the", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "the case of model or toy steam engines, the heat source can be an electric", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "the performance of steam engines is the steam engine indicator", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Richard", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "at London Exhibition in 1862", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank, again set at 90\u00b0", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "the group are usually balanced at 180\u00b0, the groups being set at 90\u00b0", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "reverses its direction of flow at each stroke (counterflow", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "four", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "The Quasiturbine", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "usual", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "the end of each stroke making the steam flow only in one direction", + "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", + "57114b1a2419e31400955576": ", such that one or more holes in the cylinder line up with holes in a fixed port face or in the pivot mounting", + "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "mainly used in toys and models", + "57114b1a2419e31400955578": ", but have also been used in full size working engines, mainly on ships", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": ", and its thermodynamic properties. Mercury", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": ", or may be an \"open loop\" system", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": ", and its thermodynamic properties. Mercury", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": ". This low turbine entry temperature (compared with a gas turbine) is why the Rankine cycle", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "5", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "the", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "the Industrial Revolution and saw widespread commercial use driving machinery in factories, mills and mines; powering pumping stations; and propelling transport appliances", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "the Stanley Steamer", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "the Industrial Revolution and saw widespread commercial use driving machinery in factories", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "the land available for cultivation", + "571153422419e3140095557d": "the Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca", + "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e31400955580": "Middleton Railway", + "571153422419e31400955581": "the Stockton and Darlington Railway", + "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf, who patented his Woolf high-pressure compound engine", + "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British engineer", + "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "the magnitude of cylinder heating and cooling, increasing the efficiency", + "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "a larger cylinder volume", + "571154c72419e31400955587": "90", + "571154c72419e31400955588": "the 1990s about 90%", + "571154c72419e31400955589": "the late 20th century, being more efficient (and requiring far less maintenance) than reciprocating steam engines. In recent decades", + "571154c72419e3140095558a": "the 1990s about 90%", + "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction gearing", + "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", + "571155ae2419e31400955592": "condenser", + "571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s", + "571155ae2419e31400955594": "the 1990s, Rankine steam cycles generated about 90%", + "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Scottish polymath", + "571156152419e3140095559b": "its \"duty", + "571156152419e3140095559f": "17", + "571156152419e3140095559e": "a duty of about 7 million", + "571156152419e3140095559d": "94 pounds", + "571156152419e3140095559c": ", but most were closer to 5 million. Watt's original low-pressure designs were able to deliver duty as high as 25 million", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "the", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "the 19th century", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "the", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "the early 20th century", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump, developed in 1698 by Thomas Savery", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura Portugal introduced an ingenious improvement of Savery's construction \"to render it capable of working itself", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Evans", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "02", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "the adoption of the steam engine as a power source) resulted in the", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "the adoption of the steam engine", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "AB in Sweden", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines. The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "4", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "an automobile radiator", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "A dry type cooling tower", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": ", and often by cooling towers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "36", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "The centrifugal governor", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "Boulton", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "constant speed, such as cotton spinning", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "a set speed", + "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", + "57115e532419e314009555b0": "Britain", + "57115e532419e314009555b1": "often perceived as complicated", + "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", + "57115e532419e314009555b3": "the majority, it was popular in many other countries", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": ", shortening the admission event", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "the same valve usually controls both steam flows, a short cutoff at admission adversely affects the exhaust and compression periods", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "brief", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed", + "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtained the first patent for a steam engine in 1606", + "57115f652419e314009555ba": "06", + "57115f652419e314009555bb": "06", + "57115f652419e314009555bc": "98", + "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", + "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "the USA with 60 Hertz power, 3000 RPM in Europe and other countries with 50 Hertz electric power systems. In nuclear power applications", + "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "A steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", + "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "the USA with 60 Hertz power, 3000 RPM in Europe and other countries with 50 Hertz electric power systems. In nuclear power applications", + "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "the turbine casing", + "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600", + "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "lower", + "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "a component of cogeneration processes and as a prime mover", + "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "-weight ratio", + "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement", + "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "pollution", + "571161092419e314009555d7": "the time of James Watt to the present day, but relatively few were actually built and even fewer went into quantity production", + "571161092419e314009555d8": "the present day, but relatively few were actually built and even fewer went into quantity production", + "571161092419e314009555d9": "the face of wear and thermal expansion", + "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "James Watt developed (1763", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "the", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "heric", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "the pressure of expanding steam. The engine cylinders had to be large because the only usable force acting on them was due to atmospheric pressure", + "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "the top of a boiler. One end of the lever", + "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "a simple lever", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "The more recent", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "a", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": ", leading to many accidents", + "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "the efficiency of the steam engine\". In addition to using 30%", + "5711628a2419e314009555de": "49", + "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30", + "5711628a2419e314009555df": "four", + "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "the efficiency of the steam engine", + "571163172419e314009555e7": "the development of thermodynamic theory", + "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt", + "571163172419e314009555e9": "the development of the separate condenser", + "571163172419e314009555ea": "Black", + "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat, which was confirmed by the original discoverer Joseph Black", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "the principal advantages the Rankine cycle holds over others is that during the compression stage", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500", + "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "the", + "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "the", + "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point", + "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bin (bunker", + "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point, and various mechanisms to increase the draft for fireboxes. When coal is used, a chain", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "Land-based steam engines could exhaust much of their steam, as feed water was usually", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "the first major warship to replace the proven technology of the reciprocating engine with the then-novel steam turbine", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "dread", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "the first major warship to replace the proven technology of the reciprocating engine with the then-novel steam turbine", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", + "571166352419e314009555f1": "the U.S.A., more advanced designs with electric transmission", + "571166352419e314009555f2": "the U.S.A., more advanced designs with electric transmission", + "571166352419e314009555f3": "the U.S.A., more advanced designs with electric transmission", + "571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission", + "571166352419e314009555f5": "Some non-condensing direct-drive locomotives did meet with some success for long haul freight operations in Sweden", + "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "the", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "the condenser) are isobaric (constant pressure) processes", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "the Rankine cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "the", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "the", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "8", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "half", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "20.8%", + "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": "20.8%", + "571bb2269499d21900609caa": "the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide", + "571bb2269499d21900609cab": "8", + "571bb2269499d21900609cad": "the Earth's atmosphere. However, monitoring of atmospheric oxygen levels show a global downward trend", + "571bb2269499d21900609cac": "third", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "8", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "8", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "the universe, after hydrogen and helium. At standard temperature and pressure", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": ", which uses the energy of sunlight", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": ", which uses the energy of sunlight", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "layer", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": ", and fats, contain oxygen", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": ", as do the major inorganic compounds that are constituents of animal shells, teeth, and bone. Most of the mass of living organisms", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": ", and fats, contain oxygen", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": ", which uses the energy of sunlight", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": ", and fats", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "nitro", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "79", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "the late 17th century", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "the late 17th century, Robert Boyle proved that air is necessary for combustion. English", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Priestley", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "the meantime, on August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergy", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "the meantime, on August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": ", which liberated a gas he named \"dephlogisticated air", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": ", but I fancied that my breast felt peculiarly light and easy for some time afterwards.\" Priestley published his findings in 1775", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "the meantime, on August 1, 1774", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "mouse", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century BCE", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "incorrectly", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "parts of the air in the vessel", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": ", but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": ", but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": ", but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": ", is needed to trigger combustion. Oxygen", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "a spark", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": ", is needed to trigger combustion. Oxygen", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": ", but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "Oxygen is the oxidant, not the fuel, but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": ", but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "the design and manufacture of O\n2 systems requires special training to ensure that ignition sources are minimized. The fire that killed the Apollo 1", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "the", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "the design and manufacture of O\n2 systems requires special training to ensure that ignition sources", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "a", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "the design and manufacture of O\n2 systems", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "Steel pipes and storage vessels", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "the Apollo 1 crew", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "quartz", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "trace quantities", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "The Earth's mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "trace quantities", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "the", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "The Earth's mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "The Earth's mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": ", in particular various complex silicates", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "hypothesis", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "simplest", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "8", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "the assumption", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": ", were thought to be made mostly", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "the process. The fact that a substance like wood gains overall weight in burning was hidden by the buoyancy", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "materials", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "the first clues that the phlogiston theory was incorrect was that metals", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "lighter", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "reasonably", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "the remaining two of the six", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "the two oxygen atoms are chemically", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "a covalent double bond", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "1773", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "74", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "the then-popular phlogiston theory", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "the diagram), orbitals that are of equal energy\u2014i.e., degenerate\u2014is a configuration termed a spin triplet state", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": ", the ground state of the O\n2 molecule is referred to as triplet oxygen", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": ", and so their filling weakens the bond order from three to two. Because of its unpaired electrons, triplet oxygen reacts only slowly", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "spontaneous", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "\u03c0", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "part", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": ", which indicated that part of the trapped air had been consumed. He also noted that the tin had increased in weight", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "the weight", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "Sur la combustion en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, which was published in 1777", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": ", and azote (Gk. \u1f04\u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \"lifeless", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "Tri", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen (O\n3) is usually known as ozone", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "Trioxygen (O\n3", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "Trioxygen (O\n3", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "the Earth's atmosphere", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "a major part of the Earth's atmosphere", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "a major part of the Earth's atmosphere", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "the Earth's atmosphere", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "the Earth's atmosphere", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "the", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "1901", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": ", compared to an atmospheric ratio", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": ", whereas seaw", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": ".3 kPa) of air, freshwater contains about 6.04 milliliters (mL) of oxygen per liter", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": ", whereas seaw", + "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "14", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "the most abundant chemical element by mass", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third most abundant chemical element in the universe", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "49.2% of the Earth's crust by mass and is the major component of the world's oceans (88.8%", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "a high concentration of oxygen gas in its atmosphere: Mars (with 0.1%", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "the late 19th century", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "the late 19th century scientists realized that air could be liquefied, and its components isolated", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "the French Academy of Sciences in Paris", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "Only a few drops", + "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": ", and meteorites, but were long unable to obtain reference values for the isotope ratios in the Sun", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "Sun", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "a silicon wafer", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "the same as those of the primordial solar nebula. Analysis of a silicon wafer", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains that formed the Earth", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Sing", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "organic molecules", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "nature", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "the troposphere", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what the climate was like millions of years ago (see oxygen isotope ratio cycle", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "the climate", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "the climate", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": ", and the seawater left behind tends to be higher in oxygen-18. Marine organisms then incorporate more oxygen-18 into their skeletons", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "the climate", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "the carbon cycle", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm. Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies in those bands", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm. Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "remote sensing scientists", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "the presence of a magnetic field, because of the spin magnetic moments of the unpaired electrons in the molecule, and the negative exchange energy between neighboring", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "the presence of a magnetic field, because of the spin magnetic moments", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "the presence of a magnetic field", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "the presence of a", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "dangerous", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "the atmosphere", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": ", and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes. Reactive oxygen species", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "the atmosphere", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "about 2.5 billion years ago", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "sky", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "liquid nitrogen", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "liquid nitrogen", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "a highly reactive substance and must be segregated from combustible materials", + "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "the world's water bodies. The increased sol", + "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "the world's water bodies. The increased solubility of O\n2 at lower", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": ", as polar oceans", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "the world's water bodies. The increased solubility of O\n2 at lower temperatures (see Physical properties", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "a", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "the", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "the first billion years, any free oxygen produced by these organisms combined with dissolved iron in the oceans", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "the oceans to form banded iron formations. When such oxygen sinks became saturated, free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans 3\u20132.", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "the same rate of roughly", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "the result of the oxygen cycle", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "three", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "the same rate of roughly", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "the", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "the reverse direction of flow. After a set cycle time the operation of the two beds", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "90%", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": ", which absorbs the nitrogen", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "Oxygen gas is increasingly obtained by these non-cryogenic technologies", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "the reverse direction of flow. After a set cycle time the operation of the two beds", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": ", and are still part of standard equipment on commercial airliners in case of depressurization emergencies", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": ", and are still part of standard equipment on commercial airliners in case of depressurization emergencies", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": ", and are still part of standard equipment on commercial airliners in case of depressurization emergencies", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": ", and are still part of standard equipment on commercial airliners in case of depressurization emergencies", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "Oxygen", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "the late 1990s that offer higher than normal O\n2 exposure", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": ", also sometimes go off field between plays to wear oxygen masks in order to get a \"boost\" in performance", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "placebo", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "Hyper", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "Oxygen gas", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": ", so increasing its partial pressure helps kill them. Decompression sickness", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "the body's ability to", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": ", but has the secondary effect of decreasing resistance to blood flow in many types of diseased lungs, easing work load on the heart", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": ", so oxygen supplementation is used in medicine", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "essential purpose of respiration", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "the body's ability to take up and use gaseous oxygen", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "the", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "non-stoichiometric", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "FeO (w\u00fcstite", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "the presence of air and become coated with a thin film of oxide", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "a thin film of oxide", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "the", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "the flow of oxygen\" as cabin safety instructions dictate, forces iron filings into the sodium chlorate inside the canister. A steady stream of oxygen gas", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "the flow of", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "the flow of oxygen\" as cabin safety instructions dictate, forces iron filings into the sodium chlorate inside the canister. A steady stream of oxygen gas", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "storage", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "a liquid", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "liquid", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "smaller", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "a need for large volumes of pure oxygen gas", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen are (where \"R\" is an organic group): alcohols", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen are (where \"R\" is an organic group): alcohols", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "the synthesis of many different substances", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": ", and acetamide. Epoxides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "a", + "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "the", + "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "Only a few", + "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "the", + "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "the", + "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "bones", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "the lungs and central nervous system can also occur in deep scuba diving", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "1.6 atm", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "Acute oxygen toxicity (causing seizures", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "21", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "the case of spacesuits, the O\n2 partial pressure in the breathing gas is, in general, about 30 kPa", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "30 kPa", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "30 kPa", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "the case of spacesuits, the O\n2 partial pressure in the breathing gas is, in general, about 30 kPa", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "normal sea", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": ", leading to conv", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": ", leading to convulsions and other health problems.[j] Oxygen toxicity usually", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "50", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": ", since gas supplied through oxygen masks in medical applications", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%\u201350% O\n2 by volume", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US$3 per barrel to nearly $12", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "the global economy. It was later called the \"first oil shock", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "October 1973", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO. Some European nations and Japan sought to disassociate", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. By January 18, 1974", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "18", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "the price of gold and all other currencies were pegged to the dollar, whose value was left to \"float", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "the", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": ", they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": ", they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "1971", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": ", so their real incomes lagged. The substantial price increases of 1973\u20131974", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": ", the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year. Until the oil shock, the price had also remained fairly stable", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "the time, Iran", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "the time, Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close US ally. Weeks", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "the United States. Saudi Arabia and the other Arab oil-producing states joined the embargo on October 20, 1973", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "70", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "the United States. Saudi Arabia and the other Arab oil-producing states joined the embargo on October 20, 1973", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "2.2 billion", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "the United States. Saudi Arabia and the other Arab oil-producing states joined the embargo on October 20, 1973", + "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "the Middle East. Saudi Arabia spent over 100 billion dollars", + "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "the world, via religious charities such al-Haramain Foundation", + "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "the Middle East", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "the Middle East. Saudi Arabia spent over 100 billion dollars in the ensuing decades for helping spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, known as Wahhabism", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "the United States, scholars argue that there already existed a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties prior to 1973", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "USSR", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "the US than oil. Further, interest groups and government agencies more worried about energy were no match for Kissinger's dominance", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "the US economy", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic problems", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "Arctic", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": ", even in rugged terrain such as the Arctic. Finding oil and developing new fields usually required five to ten years", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "Netherlands", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "almost uninterrupted", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "the other six faced partial cutbacks. The UK had traditionally been an ally", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "Harold Wilson's government supported the Israelis", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": ", reversed this policy in 1970", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "the winter of 1973", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "the winter of 1973", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "winter", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "the winter. The UK, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Norway", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", + "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "the", + "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "the US. The system limited the price of \"old oil\" (that which had already been discovered) while allowing newly discovered oil", + "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "the market, creating greater scarcity", + "57264cac708984140094c1b7": ". Scarcity was addressed by rationing (as in many countries", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "William E. Simon", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "Federal Energy Office", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%", + "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "national", + "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "the Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act", + "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "November 28, 1995, Bill Clinton", + "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "November 28, 1995", + "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977", + "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "the crisis have been dominated by crisis-mentality thinking, promoting expensive quick fixes and single-shot solutions that ignore market and technology realities", + "572650325951b619008f6faa": "the crisis have been dominated by crisis-mentality thinking, promoting expensive quick fixes and single-shot solutions that ignore market and technology realities", + "572650325951b619008f6fab": "repeatedly", + "57265200708984140094c237": "1973", + "57265200708984140094c238": "British Prime Minister Edward Heath", + "57265200708984140094c239": "the rest of the Third World", + "57265200708984140094c23a": "the rest of the Third World", + "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "the Middle East, Japan was the country most dependent on Arab oil. 71%", + "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970", + "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "the Middle East in 1970. On November 7, 1973", + "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "22", + "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "the Middle East in 1970. On November 7, 1973", + "57265526708984140094c2bd": "invasion of Afghanistan", + "57265526708984140094c2be": "external and internal threats", + "57265526708984140094c2bf": "1979", + "57265526708984140094c2c0": "1979", + "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": ", which became de facto standards", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "Japanese imports", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": ", and later the Honda Accord all had four cylinder engines that were more fuel efficient than the typical American", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese", + "572659535951b619008f703f": "the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan", + "572659535951b619008f7040": "the price of the vehicle", + "572659535951b619008f7041": "the price of the vehicle", + "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "the Toyota Hilux", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "the Dodge D-50", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": ", and GM", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15), ending their captive import policy", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "the late 1970s. By 1985", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "17.4 miles per gallon, compared to 13.5 in 1970", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "various other luxury oriented sedans", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "the mid-1970s. The only full-size models", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1979", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "downsize\" revision of vehicle categories", + "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", + "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "the 1980s", + "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "the 1980s to less than $10 per barrel", + "57265e11708984140094c3be": "nearly", + "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": "Mercury", + "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA", + "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "1968", + "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "the", + "5725b41838643c19005acb83": "three", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "the success of the Apollo missions", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": ", and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966. Gemini missions", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "a joint Earth orbit mission with the Soviet Union", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "Skylab", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "1967", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "1967 Apollo 1 cabin", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": "three", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": "the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": "the", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "Apollo 8", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": "17", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "8", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": ", and computers", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": "one", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": "three", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": "Abe Silverstein", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": "-up to Project Mercury. While the Mercury capsule could only support one astronaut on a limited Earth orbital mission, Apollo would carry three", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": "early 1960", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": "July 1960", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": "Maxime Faget", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": "three", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": "Hugh L. Dryden", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": "John F. Kennedy", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": "the Soviet Union", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": "the technical details of the space program, and was put off by the massive financial", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": "E. Webb", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": "the election of 1960, Kennedy had been speaking out against the \"missile gap", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": "the Soviet Union. At a meeting of the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics one day after Gagarin", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": "the Soviet Union. At a meeting of the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics one day after Gagarin", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": "one", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": "the first person to fly in space", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": "April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": "Lyndon B. Johnson", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": "the status of America's space program, and into programs that could offer NASA the opportunity to catch up. Johnson responded approximately one week later", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": "the status of America's space program, and into programs that could offer NASA the opportunity to catch up. Johnson responded approximately one week later, concluding", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": "Robert R. Gilruth", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": "the nation's manned space program from NASA's Langley Research Center", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": "Houston", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": "Rice", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": "Cape Canaveral Air Force Station launch facilities", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": ", so land acquisition was started in July 1961 for a Launch Operations Center", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": "Kurt H. Debus", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": "Kurt", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": "1963, to rename the LOC and Cape Canaveral in honor of Kennedy", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "three", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": "The Apollo spacecraft could be tested in two vacuum chambers", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "250,000", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "130", + "5725c123271a42140099d131": "George E. Mueller", + "5725c123271a42140099d132": "23", + "5725c123271a42140099d133": "George E. Mueller", + "5725c123271a42140099d134": "Mueller", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": "the United States Air Force, so he got Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": "Samuel C. Phillips", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": "Samuel C. Phillips", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": "the United States Air Force, so he got Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": "Director", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": "a rendezvous \u2014let alone a docking", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": "1961", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": "Robert Seamans", + "5725c604271a42140099d185": "Nicholas E. Golovin", + "5725c604271a42140099d186": "July 1961", + "5725c604271a42140099d187": ", and recommended in favor of a hybrid EOR-LOR mode", + "5725c604271a42140099d188": "Joseph Shea", + "5725c604271a42140099d189": "Marshall Space Flight Center", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": "Jerome Wiesner", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": "the President took office, and had opposed the decision to land men on the Moon, hired Golovin", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": "the press on July 11, 1962", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": "11", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": "the President to Marshall Space Flight Center. Wiesner blurted out \"No, that's no good\" in front of the press", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": "blurted out \"No, that's no good\" in front of the press, during a presentation by von Braun", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "the President's involvement with the October Cuban missile crisis, and fear of Kennedy's support for Webb. NASA announced the selection of Grumman", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": "man", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": "the event of a failure of the command ship", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": "13", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": "the command ship without electrical power. The Lunar Module provided propulsion, electrical power and life support to get the crew home safely", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": "1964", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": "ime Faget's preliminary Apollo design employed a cone", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": "-landed by a larger landing propulsion module. The final choice of lunar orbit rendezvous changed the CSM's role to the translunar ferry", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": "two", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": "three", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "the", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": "the only component of the Apollo spacecraft to survive without major configuration changes as the program evolved from the early Apollo study designs. Its exterior", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": "Parachutes", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "12", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": "A cylindrical Service Module (SM", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": "A high-gain S-band antenna was used for long-distance communications", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": "discarded", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": "51", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": "-distance communications on the lunar flights. On the extended lunar missions, an orbital scientific instrument package", + "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": "North American Aviation", + "5725cda338643c19005acd40": "twice", + "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "1964", + "5725cda338643c19005acd42": "the Saturn V", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "two", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "the Earth's atmosphere", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": "33", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": "3 days", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": "Wernher von Braun", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": "the midst of these plans, von Braun was transferred from the Army", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": "June 11, 1962", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "The first four", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": "five", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": "five", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": "safety", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "The Saturn IB", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "200", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": "the S-IVB-200", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": "the third stage of the Saturn V. The Saturn IB could send over 40", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": "The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": "33 feet", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": "three", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": ", and the third stage was a modified version of the S-IVB", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "the first two landings on Apollo 11 and Apollo 12, included at least two (sometimes three) Gemini veterans. Dr. Harrison Schmitt", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "the first two landings on Apollo 11 and Apollo 12, included at least two (sometimes three) Gemini veterans", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "Dr. Harrison Schmitt", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "17", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "the last mission, Apollo 17", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": "32", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": "the crews of all missions from Apollo 8 onward. The crew that flew the first Earth orbital test mission Apollo 7, Walter M. Schirra", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": "1969", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "Except", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "the crews of all missions from Apollo 8", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": "1966", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": "265.7 nautical miles", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "4,577 nautical miles", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": "Two", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": "AS-206", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": "uit", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": "visibility", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": ", and the lunar surface EVA suit", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": "Pilot", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "Deke Slay", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": "Deke Slayton, the grounded Mercury astronaut who became Director of Flight Crew Operations", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": "January 1966", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "E", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "rookie Donn F. Eisele as Pilot", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": "1966", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": "August 1967", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "AS-258", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "reassigned as the Apollo 1 backup crew", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": "Samuel Phillips", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "tiger team", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": "1967", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": "Administrator George Mueller", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": ", and in the altitude chamber", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Apollo 1", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": ", which would simulate a launch countdown", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "the Kennedy Space Center", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": "the morning of January 27, 1967", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": "the morning of January 27, 1967", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": "the morning of January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued with problems. First the crew", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": "the morning of January 27, 1967", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": "the morning of January 27, 1967", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": ", overseen by both houses of Congress", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "the determination of responsibility for the accident was complex, the review board concluded that \"deficiencies", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": "Joseph Francis Shea", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "the insistence of NASA Administrator Webb", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": "the causes of the fire, changes were made in the Block II spacecraft and operational procedures, the most important of which were use of a nitrogen", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": "flammable cabin and space suit materials", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": "quick-release", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": "manned", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": "the causes of the fire", + "5725df1838643c19005ace15": "sequence of mission types", + "5725df1838643c19005ace16": "the first manned landing. The list of types covered follow-on lunar exploration to include H lunar landings, I for lunar orbital survey missions", + "5725df1838643c19005ace17": "the next ones could be performed, and it was unknown how many tries of each mission would be necessary; therefore letters", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "Apollo 4 (AS-501", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V, carrying a Block I CSM on November 9, 1967. The capability of the Command Module's heat shield", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": "April 4, 1968", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": "a third", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968", + "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "37", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": ", despite a computer programming error which cut short the first descent stage firing. The ascent engine was fired in abort mode", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": "two", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "September 15, 1968", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "Christmas Eve", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": "the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "September 15, 1968", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "all-Gemini veteran crew consisting of Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": "July 1969", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "black-and-white", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "the surface", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "24", + "5725e44238643c19005ace35": "1969", + "5725e44238643c19005ace36": "walking", + "5725e44238643c19005ace37": ", and removed some parts which they returned to Earth", + "5725e44238643c19005ace38": "accidentally", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": "the Lunar Roving Vehicle", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "the Block II spacesuit", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": "eight", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": "over three days", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "the CSM and LM", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": "the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed with a single veteran as Commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13 launched Lovell", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": "rookies", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "grounded", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": "remainder of 1970", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": "April 1970", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": "20", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": "the time of the first landing in 1969", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": "the development of the upcoming Space Shuttle. By 1971", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": "1971", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "the development of the Solar System, that are largely absent on Earth. One important rock found during the Apollo Program is dubbed the Genesis Rock", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "3", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "KREEP", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": "the Genesis Rock", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": "the Moon", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "the Moon", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "the Moon", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": "$170 billion", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": "15", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": "20", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": "The Apollo Extension Series", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": "Apollo Applications Program", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": "Venus", + "5725ef6838643c19005acece": "1973", + "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": ", and launched in 1973", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": "8, 1974", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": "an Apollo Telescope Mount", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": "2009", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "11", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "the lunar surface and return to the mission Command Module in lunar orbit; the degree to which these flags retain their original colors", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": "8", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "the creation story in the Book of Genesis", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": ", and read from the creation story in the Book of Genesis, on Christmas Eve, 1968", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "the world saw\u2014either live or delayed\u2014the Christmas Eve transmission during the ninth orbit of the Moon. The mission and Christmas", + "5725f239271a42140099d35d": "the team that designed and built the lunar television camera", + "5725f239271a42140099d35e": "a format incompatible with broadcast TV", + "5725f239271a42140099d35f": "the following years, a magnetic tape shortage", + "5725f239271a42140099d360": "the National Archives and Records Administration to be recorded over with newer satellite data", + "5725f239271a42140099d361": ", also worked with Nafzger to try to locate the missing tapes", + "5725f39638643c19005acef7": ", and kinescope recordings made at Johnson Space Center", + "5725f39638643c19005acef8": "historical legitimacy", + "5725f39638643c19005acef9": ", and kinescope recordings made at Johnson Space Center", + "5725f39638643c19005acefa": "a budget of $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11 was compiled by Nafzger and assigned to Lowry Digital", + "5725f39638643c19005acefb": ", and kinescope recordings made at Johnson Space Center. The restored video", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": "the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "the European Parliament", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "the laws", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "the European Parliament", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "the laws of European Union member states. The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "the European Parliament", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "the laws of European Union member states. The three", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "the courts", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "the courts of member states", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": "the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "the Court of Justice, international law and general principles", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "the courts of member states", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "the Court of Justice, international law and general principles", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "the courts", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "the courts of member states", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "European Court of Justice", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "the Treaty on European Union", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": ", and explain the areas in which the EU can legislate with Directives or Regulations", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "citizens", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "the board of the European Central Bank. The European Court of Justice", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "the board of the European Central Bank", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The TEU establishes that European Union law applies to the metropolitan territories", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "the Faroe Islands", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "the European Union (TFEU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "the European Union", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "the EU consists mainly of the founding treaties, the \"core\" treaties being the Treaty on European Union", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "the European Union (TFEU", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": ", including Madeira, the Canary Islands and the French overseas departments. European Union law also applies in territories", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "the EU consists mainly of the founding treaties, the \"core\" treaties being the Treaty on European Union", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "The Court of Justice", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "principal", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "the Treaty of Rome", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1979", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway in 1972", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "1985", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "principal", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1972", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "1985", + "57264865dd62a815002e8062": ", as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "Netherlands", + "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "Lisbon Treaty was enacted. Its substance", + "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "Lisbon", + "57264865dd62a815002e8066": ", but it was formally an amending treaty, and \u2013 though it significantly altered the existing treaties", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": ", as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": ", as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": ", as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "the basis of a Commission proposal, except where the Treaties provide otherwise.\" This means that the Commission has a monopoly", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "President (currently an ex-Luxembourg Prime Minister, Jean-Claude Juncker) sets the agenda", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "the President and the High Representative", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini", + "572691545951b619008f76e1": "Article 17(3", + "572691545951b619008f76e2": "the main executive body of the European Union. Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union", + "572691545951b619008f76e3": "The European Commission", + "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland refused to consent", + "572691545951b619008f76e5": "Commissioners", + "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "the Santer Commission was censured by Parliament", + "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "the purpose of managing the euro. It has a six-person board appointed by the European Council, on the Council's recommendation. The President", + "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "Committee of Independent Experts", + "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "six", + "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "the purpose of managing the euro. It has a six-person board appointed by the European Council, on the Council's recommendation. The President", + "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "Committee of Independent Experts", + "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "European Anti-fraud Office", + "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "2012", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": "citizens", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": "the European Parliament in member states must be organised by proportional representation or a single transferable vote. There are 750", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": "every five years", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": "ten times", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": "citizens", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": "the people (\"demos\"): in the EU", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": "1979", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": "every five years", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": "the conservative European People's Party", + "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "the EU", + "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Donald Tusk", + "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "the EU", + "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352", + "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "the EU: currently this means around 74 per cent, or 260", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "The second main legislative body is the Council", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "six months", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "the EU", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "a whole can only act within its power set out in the Treaties", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "a whole can only act within its power set out in the Treaties", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "a whole can only act within its power set out in the Treaties", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "the Treaties. TEU articles 4", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "Justice", + "572695285951b619008f774b": "TFEU article 294", + "572695285951b619008f774c": "a majority", + "572695285951b619008f774d": "the Treaties. TEU articles 4", + "572695285951b619008f774e": "Where the different institutions cannot agree at any stage, a \"Conciliation Committee", + "572658435951b619008f7025": "the EU", + "572658435951b619008f7026": "the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration. Today the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "572658435951b619008f7027": "28", + "572658435951b619008f7028": "the main judicial body, within which there is a higher European Court of Justice", + "572658435951b619008f7029": "the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration. Today the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "the EU", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "the main judicial body", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "a Civil Service Tribunal", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration. Today the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "the Treaty of Rome", + "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "the first major case in 1964, Costa", + "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1964 and 1968", + "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "European Court of Justice and the highest national courts have had to develop principles", + "5726975c708984140094cb20": "the first major case in 1964", + "5726975c708984140094cb21": "the first major case in 1964", + "572699db5951b619008f7799": "European Communities Act 1972", + "572699db5951b619008f779a": "questions", + "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", + "572699db5951b619008f779d": "European Communities Act 1972", + "572699db5951b619008f779c": "Solange I and Solange II decisions is that if the EU does not comply with its basic constitutional rights and principles (particularly democracy", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "the extent to which member state courts are bound to administer EU law. All actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law", + "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "the Treaties", + "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "30", + "57269bb8708984140094cb97": ", and (3) did not require EU or national authorities to take further action to implement them. Van Gend en Loos", + "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "EU Regulations", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "standing", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "the Working Time Directive", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "28", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "the early 1990s", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "Employment Equality Framework Directive", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "Employment Equality Framework Directive", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "Employment Equality Framework Directive", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "the Employment Equality Framework Directive", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "the Employment Equality Framework Directive", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "the light of the wording and purpose of the directive", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "Directive", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "the light of the wording and purpose of the directive", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Accepted general principles of European Union Law", + "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "the 1950s", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5 of the EC Treaty", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "the general principle of proportionality the lawfulness of an action depends on whether it was appropriate and necessary to achieve the objectives legitimately pursued. When there", + "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "the 1960s", + "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "the 1960s. It is an important general principle", + "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "proper legal basis", + "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "doctrine", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "the general principles of European Union law. As such the European Court of Justice is bound to draw inspiration", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "the constitutions of member states", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "the time the only concern was that member states", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "2007", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "European Court of Justice", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "the only member state to veto the Social Charter being included as the \"Social Chapter", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "the only member state to veto the Social Charter being included as the \"Social Chapter\" of the 1992", + "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997, the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement", + "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997", + "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive, which required workforce consultation in businesses, and the 1996 Parental Leave Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "1994", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "1951", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "Article 65 of the agreement banned cartels", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "86", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "the general principle of European Union law of proportionality). Article 102", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "Articles 106", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "the general principle of European Union law of proportionality). Article 102", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "social market economy", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "reduce consumer prices", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "the specific goals of free trade are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty for improvement of people's well being", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "Increasingly the Court of Justice", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "36", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": ", and (3) be reasonable in balancing the interests of free trade with interests in article 36", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "36", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "liable for these hindrances to trade because the authorities", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "the", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "34", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2009", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "All Italian chocolate was made from cocoa butter alone", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "34", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "36", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "the same manner in fact. In Keck and Mithouard two importers claimed that their prosecution under a French competition law", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "the same manner in fact. In Keck and Mithouard two importers claimed that their prosecution under a French competition law", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Unfair Commercial Practices Directive", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "the European Community", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "the 1970s, this focus shifted towards developing a more \"social\" Europe. Free movement was increasingly based on \"citizenship", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "18 to 21", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "18 to 21", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "the main provisions on equal treatment of workers", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "famous", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "the Court of Justice", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "3", + "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "the Court of Justice", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": ", should be more access, albeit with qualifying periods. In Commission v Austria", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education", + "5726c002708984140094d073": "a private party can hinder freedom of establishment", + "5726c002708984140094d074": "establishment", + "5726c002708984140094d075": ", so article 49 has both \"vertical\" and \"horizontal\" direct effect. In Reyners v Belgium", + "5726c002708984140094d076": "a private party can hinder freedom of establishment", + "5726c002708984140094d077": "contrast", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "a crime against shipping toxic waste", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005", + "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "people", + "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "the Court of Justice", + "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", + "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "article 56", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "establishment", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "1", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "1", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "the basis that it was not validly incorporated in Germany. Although restrictions on freedom of establishment", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "the right of establishment", + "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "the Amazon Jungle", + "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "5", + "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "half", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "the Amazon Jungle", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Selva Amaz\u00f3nica, Amazon\u00eda", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "half", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "Selva Amaz\u00f3nica, Amazon\u00eda", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "7,000,000 square kilometres", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "the world, with an estimated 390 billion", + "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics", + "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions", + "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. During the Oligocene, for example", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "inland", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": ", the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45\u00b0", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. During", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. During the Oligocene", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "34 Mya", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. During the Oligocene", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions", + "5725c071271a42140099d127": "the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle", + "5725c071271a42140099d128": "the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward", + "5725c071271a42140099d129": "the Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "the last 5\u201310 million years", + "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "easterly flow toward the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "the last 5\u201310 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch", + "57283d173acd2414000df790": "the last 5\u201310 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df791": "the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific", + "57283d173acd2414000df792": "the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df793": "the Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "the mid-Eocene", + "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "the middle", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "the last 5\u201310 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "the Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "the", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "the available data", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "the available data", + "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "evidence", + "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "the last 21,000 years", + "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses", + "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "the", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "the last 21", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "the last 21,000 years", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "the", + "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO", + "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182", + "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600 miles", + "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "27.7 million tons (15%)", + "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132", + "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", + "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "27.7 million tons (15%)", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "27.7 million tons (15%)", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO", + "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA's CALIPSO", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600 miles", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "27.7 million tons (15%)", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "anthropological", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "Some 5", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparse", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "Betty", + "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "0.2", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Betty", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "Some 5", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "200", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "the 1540s", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "the 1540s. It is believed that the civilization was later devastated by the spread of diseases from Europe, such as smallpox", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "1977", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "the 1970s, numerous geoglyphs have been discovered on deforested land dating between AD 0\u20131250", + "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana in 1542", + "5729edd56aef051400155113": "42", + "5729edd56aef051400155114": "the 1970s, numerous geoglyphs have been discovered on deforested land dating between AD", + "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Ondemar Dias", + "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000 years", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "the middle of the Amazon forest were found in 2003 by Michael Heckenberger", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "2003", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "the region of the Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements", + "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta (black earth", + "5729ef266aef05140015511d": ", is now widely accepted as a product of indigenous soil management. The development of this fertile soil allowed agriculture", + "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "2003", + "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "2003", + "5729ef266aef051400155120": "remains of some of these large settlements", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "five", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "40,000", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "2,200", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "96,660 and 128", + "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", + "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "1", + "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "40,000", + "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", + "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "five", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "a quarter square kilometer (62 acres", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "16,000", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438", + "5729f2646aef051400155130": "the region", + "5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100", + "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90", + "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356", + "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438", + "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", + "5729f3831d0469140077967c": ", and anaconda", + "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha are known to bite and injure humans", + "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "Various species of poison dart frogs", + "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "Prior to the early 1960s", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "the slash and burn method", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "the", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "the naked eye", + "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "5", + "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "5", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "pasture", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "second-largest", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy", + "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "the", + "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "the", + "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "22,392", + "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "the previous five years (19,018 km2 or 7,343 sq mi per year). Although deforestation has declined", + "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18", + "572a020f6aef051400155198": "the world's terrestrial primary productivity and 10%", + "572a020f6aef051400155199": "the forest, and also about the release of the carbon contained within the vegetation, which could accelerate global warming", + "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "the release of the carbon", + "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", + "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1", + "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": ", leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": ", leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": ", leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "the fate of their forested territories", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "ethno-biology and community-based conservation efforts", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation", + "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "the fate of their forested territories", + "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile, the relationship between non-human primates in the subsistence and symbolism of indigenous lowland South American peoples", + "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "remote sensing", + "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "the Trio Tribe", + "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "the Trio Tribe", + "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "the rainforests of southern Suriname, map", + "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "the rainforests of southern Suriname, map", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "the forest is crucial. In 2006 Tatiana Kuplich organized the trees of the Amazon", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "the Amazon", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "the forest is crucial. In 2006", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar (SAR", + "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", + "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Scientists at the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research argue in the article", + "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "the brink of being turned into savanna or desert, with catastrophic consequences", + "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "the brink of being turned into savanna or desert", + "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000 square miles", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "the journal Science. In a typical year the Amazon absorbs 1.5 gigatons of carbon dioxide; during", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": ", with one layer of cells on the outside and another lining the internal cavity. In ctenophores", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": "the outside and another lining the internal cavity. In ctenophores", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": "1.5 m", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "the outside and another lining the internal cavity. In ctenophores", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "swimming", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": ", as both groups rely on water flow through the body cavity", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in size. Like cnidarians, their bodies consist of a mass of jelly", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": ", with one layer of cells on the outside and another lining the internal cavity. In ctenophores", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": ", with one layer of cells on the outside and another lining the internal cavity. In ctenophores", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in size. Like cnidarians, their bodies consist of a mass of jelly", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": ", as both groups rely on water flow through the body cavity", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": ", with one layer of cells on the outside and another lining the internal cavity. In ctenophores", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "the outside and another lining the internal cavity. In ctenophores", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": "ten times", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": "100", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": "25", + "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100", + "5725c337271a42140099d164": "little tentacles\") that are covered with colloblasts", + "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times", + "5725c337271a42140099d166": ", including the flattened, deep-sea platyctenids, in which the adults of most species lack combs, and the coastal", + "5725c337271a42140099d167": "huge", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "little", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "the same area, because they specialize in different types of prey, which they capture by as wide a range of methods", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "the same area, because they specialize in different types of prey, which they capture by as wide a range of methods as spiders", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": "the same time. Others are sequential hermaphrodites", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": "the adult form. In at least some species", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "the adult form. In at least some species", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "the adult form. In at least some species", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "simultaneous", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "the same time. Others are sequential hermaphrodites", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "the same time. Others are sequential", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "simultaneous", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "sequential", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platy", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "the beroids", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": "the Black Sea", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": "accidentally", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "environmental changes that promoted the growth of the Mnemiopsis population", + "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis", + "5725c69738643c19005accba": "accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea", + "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "larvae", + "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "places", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": ", but in other places", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": ", which might otherwise wipe out the phytoplankton", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "accidentally", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "the Black Sea", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": ", has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea", + "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66", + "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "the 1980s indicates that the \"cydippids\" are not monophy", + "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "515 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "tentacles", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "515 million years ago", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "extinction", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "monophyletic", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "the 1980s indicates that the \"cydippids\" are not monophy", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "jellyfish", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": ", which are sticky", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "animal", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "a few ctenophore species", + "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "nidarians", + "572646655951b619008f6ec0": ", which are sticky", + "572646655951b619008f6ec1": ", which are sticky", + "572646655951b619008f6ec2": ", etc.), and less complex than bilaterians (which include almost all other animals", + "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians (which include almost all other animals", + "572647d0708984140094c14b": "jelly-like layer", + "572647d0708984140094c14c": "triploblastic", + "572647d0708984140094c14d": ", along with sponges. Both ctenophores and cnidarians have a type of muscle that, in more complex animals", + "572647d0708984140094c14e": ", along with sponges", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands of cilia, called \"ctenes", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands of cilia, called \"ctenes", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands of cilia, called \"ctenes", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands of cilia, called \"ctenes", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "cy", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": ", while some oceanic species are so fragile", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": ", while some oceanic species", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": ", and are known mainly from photographs and from observers' notes. Hence most attention has until recently concentrated on three coastal", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "epithelium, the gastrodermis", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "the far end from the mouth \u2013 two of these four branches terminate in anal pores. The inner surface of the cavity", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the most active parts", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "eight", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "the distance from the aboral pole towards the mouth. The \"combs\" (also called \"ctenes\" or \"comb plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "9", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": ", although they can also reverse direction. Hence ctenophores usually swim in the direction", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "the body cavity may pump this into the mesoglea", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "the body cavity", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "the body cavity", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "the body cavity may pump this into the mesoglea to increase its bulk", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "the nervous system. For example, if a ctenophore with trailing tentacles captures prey, it will often put some comb rows into reverse", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "the opposite end", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "a statocyst", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "the opposite end from the mouth). Its main component is a statocyst, a balance sensor", + "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "the common coastal \"sea gooseberry", + "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "-shaped; the common coastal \"sea gooseberry", + "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "cyl", + "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "a sheath", + "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "the common coastal \"sea gooseberry,\" Pleurobrachia, sometimes has an egg-shaped body with the mouth at the narrow end", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tent", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "the outer layer of the epidermis", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "the outer layer of the epidermis", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey: they may flick out very quickly (in 40 to 60 milliseconds", + "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight", + "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "eight", + "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "the opposite end, and are spaced evenly", + "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "a mechanical", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "pair", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "four", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "four", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "the inner surface of the lobes (rather than trailing far behind, as in the Cydippida", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "Members of the lobate genera Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis can escape from danger", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "Members of the lobate genera Bathocyroe", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "nerves", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "nerves", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "The Beroida", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "the opposite adhesive strip", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "the opposite adhesive strip. This tight closure", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "The Beroida", + "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "the middle of opposite edges of the ribbon", + "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Cestum veneris (\"Venus' girdle", + "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "animals", + "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "the middle of opposite edges of the ribbon", + "57265e97708984140094c3c7": ", can move much faster in what has been described as a \"darting motion", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "the back of the ctenophore", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "the back of the ctenophore", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "the back of the ctenophore", + "572683075951b619008f7513": "the same time \u2013 except that in two species of the genus Ocryopsis", + "572683075951b619008f7514": ", but platyctenids use internal fertilization and keep the eggs in brood chambers", + "572683075951b619008f7515": "occasionally", + "572683075951b619008f7516": "the same time \u2013 except that in two species of the genus Ocryopsis", + "572683075951b619008f7517": "external", + "572684365951b619008f753f": "the genus Beroe the juveniles, like the adults, lack tentacles", + "572684365951b619008f7540": ", such as the flat, bottom", + "572684365951b619008f7541": ", as they live among the plankton and thus occupy a different ecological niche from their parents and attain the adult form by a more radical metamorphosis", + "572684365951b619008f7542": "larvae", + "572684365951b619008f7543": ", and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults. In the genus Beroe the juveniles", + "572686fc708984140094c8e5": ", are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink", + "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "When some species", + "572686fc708984140094c8e7": ", are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink", + "572686fc708984140094c8e8": ", are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink", + "5726887e708984140094c917": "the end of a fine thread, as bolas spiders", + "5726887e708984140094c918": "Haeckelia prey on jelly", + "5726887e708984140094c919": "Haeckelia prey on jelly", + "5726887e708984140094c91a": "the end of a fine thread, as bolas spiders", + "5726887e708984140094c91b": "exclusively", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "low", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "Oncorhynchus", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": ", and that ctenophores can provide a good diet", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "the Red Sea", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": ", and that ctenophores can provide a good diet", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "the late 1980s the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "accidentally", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "the late 1980s the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "accidentally", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "1991 to 1993", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": ", but perhaps very different from modern species \u2013 for example one fossil's comb-rows were mounted on prominent vanes. The Ediacaran", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "The Ediacaran Eoandromeda could putatively", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "Three additional putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale and other Canadian rocks of similar age, about 505 million years ago", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "Three", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": ", is very similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period. De-Gan Shu", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": ", is very similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period. De-Gan Shu", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": ", is very similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period. De-Gan Shu", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": ", is very similar to Vendobionta", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran period", + "57269016708984140094ca41": "all other animals", + "57269016708984140094ca42": "sponges", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "the beroids have cydippid-like larvae", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "2001", + "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65", + "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "fifth-largest city in California", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "Fresno", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "an ash leaf", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": ", or 185 miles (300 km) south of San Francisco. The name Fresno", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "the new community. Fresno", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "85", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "the convenience of the railroad", + "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "2", + "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown", + "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center", + "5725d183271a42140099d240": "the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center", + "5725d183271a42140099d241": "the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center, an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area Japanese Americans to internment camps. The Fresno Fairgrounds", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "September 1958", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "the other but not both). In 1976, BankAmericard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "the other but not both). In 1976, BankAmericard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "the 1970s", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "the neighboring town of Madera", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "the 1970s, the city was the subject of a song, \"Walking Into Fresno\", written by Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "actress", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": ", is in North Fresno and is adjacent to the San Joaquin River Parkway. Roeding Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "the largest of the Fresno region's park system and is home to historic Kearney Mansion", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "the 1880s", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "the San Joaquin Valley's most beautiful architectural buildings. Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "San Joaquin Light", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "the Hughes Hotel (burned down", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "1964", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "the world that one can walk up to and touch. Current plans call for the reopening of the Fulton Mall to automobile traffic. The public art pieces", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "wide sidewalks", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "the", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "Sunnyside Country Club", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "the historic Tower Theatre", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "a well-known landmark water tower", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "California State University at Fresno", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "the site of Fresno City College", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "1970s", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "the late 1970s, which at that time showed second and third run movies", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "native", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "a few hundred feet of each other. Since renewal, the Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "a few hundred feet", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "the Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "the center of Fresno's local punk", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": ", and many Storybook houses designed by Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler. The residential architecture of the Tower District", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses designed by Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": ", and many Storybook houses designed by Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler. The residential architecture of the Tower District", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "decades", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "large", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Traction Company right-of-way", + "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "The \"West Side", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "the center of Fresno's African-American community", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "the center of Fresno's African-American community. It is culturally diverse and also includes significant Mexican-American and Asian-American", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "the city. The neighborhood lies southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway", + "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney", + "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm trees", + "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "-mile stretch of Kearney Boulevard between Fresno Street and Thorne Ave was at one time the preferred neighborhood", + "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven", + "5725f00938643c19005acedb": ", and as of late 2008", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "1960s and 1990s", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Kearney Palm Shopping Center", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "West Side", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "very little retail activity, aside from the area near Fresno Street and State Route 99 Freeway (Kearney Palm Shopping Center", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "2,500", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "the United States and around the world. Developer William Smilie", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "1946, Sierra Sky Park Airport is a residential airport community born of a unique agreement in transportation law", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "the United States and around the world", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "the axis of the California Central Valley; in December, January and February there is an increased presence of southeastern wind directions", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "the year typically bottoming out below 30 \u00b0F (\u22121.1 \u00b0C). July is the warmest month, averaging 83.", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "the axis of the California Central Valley; in December, January and February there is an increased presence of southeastern wind directions", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "December, January and February", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "1905", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "1913", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "1885", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "2.2 inches (0.06 m) on January 21, 1962", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "1885", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "49", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "30", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8,525", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "30.0%", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "43.3%)", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "19.3%)", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "07", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "07", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "the census of 2000, there were 427,652", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "11.2% Asian (about a third", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "the census of 2000, there were 427", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "the San Francisco Bay Area and those planned for Chico, Sacramento, Salinas, and Stockton, the Federal Communications Commission decided that Fresno", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "1953", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": ", which debuted on June 1, 1953. KMJ is now known as NBC affiliate KSEE", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KMJ", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "99", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "41", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "the south, and then heads north to Yosemite. State Route 180 (Kings Canyon Freeway) comes from the west", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "the 1950s", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "99", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "the west side of the Central Valley, and thus bypass many of the population centers in the region, instead of upgrading what is now State Route 99", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "railyards", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "the", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "the city. The city of Fresno", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "ing", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "Donald Davies", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "switching", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "a constant bit rate and latency between nodes. In cases of billable services, such as cellular communication services, circuit switching", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "Packet switching", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "switching", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "dedicated network bandwidth", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": ", while packet switching", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "a multiple access scheme", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "nodes", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "a multiple access scheme", + "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "a multiple access scheme", + "5726356938643c19005ad300": "nodes", + "5726356938643c19005ad301": "a multiple access scheme", + "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "the RAND Corporation", + "5726249538643c19005ad080": "the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad081": "the US Air Force into survivable communications networks", + "5726249538643c19005ad082": "distributed adaptive message block switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "the summer of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "the summer of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "a nationwide", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching", + "5726378238643c19005ad313": "the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching", + "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", + "5726378238643c19005ad315": "the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching", + "5726385e271a42140099d797": "labeled", + "5726385e271a42140099d798": "individually", + "5726385e271a42140099d799": "Each packet is labeled", + "5726385e271a42140099d79a": ", which is therefore larger, and this information needs to be looked up in power-hungry content-addressable memory", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "the parameters of communication. The packets include a connection identifier rather than address information and are negotiated between endpoints", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "the connection id in a table", + "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "the parameters of communication. The packets include a connection identifier", + "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "a setup phase", + "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "a handshake", + "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "a handshake", + "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "a handshake", + "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "a handshake", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "1969", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "the introduction of X.25 in 1973, about twenty different network technologies", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "The User Datagram Protocol (UDP", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "the datagram model. The X.25 protocol suite uses this network type", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "the 1980s and 90s. AppleTalk", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "the 1980s and 90s. AppleTalk", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "the requirement for a centralized router or server. The AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "Louis", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "CYCLADES", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "the", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "the network itself, using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms. Concepts of this network influenced later ARPANET architecture", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "the 1980s. Initially built with three layers, it later (1982) evolved into a seven-layer OSI-compliant networking protocol", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "the 1980s. Initially built with three layers, it later (1982) evolved into a seven-layer OSI-compliant networking protocol", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "seven", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "the 1980s. Initially built with three layers, it later (1982) evolved into a seven-layer OSI-compliant networking protocol", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "the instigation of Warner Sinback", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "four computer sales and service centers", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "the instigation of Warner Sinback, a data network based on this voice-phone network was designed to connect GE's four computer sales and service centers", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "the instigation of Warner Sinback", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "1966", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "the Michigan", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "the mid-1980s", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "the United States. It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Larry Roberts", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "the United States. It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "X.25 and the terminal interface to X.29", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "1979", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "Mr", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "a large public network that supported dial-up users and a private network business", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", + "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two kinds", + "572643de5951261400b5195b": "DATAPAC", + "572643de5951261400b5195c": "Northern Telecom sold several DATAPAC clones", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "the early 1980s, AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "the early 1980s, AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network, supporting applications", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "the early 1980s, AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "the same people within one department of KPN", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "the same people within one department of KPN", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "1", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "the name was incorrect", + "5726462b708984140094c117": "the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981", + "5726462b708984140094c118": "the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981", + "5726462b708984140094c119": "1981", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "a partnership with Level 3 Communications", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Level 3 Communications", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "1998", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Level 3 Communications", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "October, 2007, Internet2 officially retired Abilene and now refers to its new, higher capacity network as the Internet2 Network", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "the United States. NSFNET", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "the nation's NSF-funded supercomputing centers, through further public funding and private industry partnerships it developed into a major part of the Internet backbone", + "572648d1708984140094c15d": "the United States. The network was engineered and operated by MCI Telecommunications", + "572648d1708984140094c15e": "the United States. The network was engineered and operated by MCI Telecommunications", + "572648d1708984140094c15f": "the United States. The network was engineered and operated by MCI Telecommunications", + "572648d1708984140094c160": "1998", + "572648d1708984140094c161": "February 1999", + "57264684708984140094c123": "the 14th century. The world population as a", + "57264684708984140094c124": "the", + "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", + "57264684708984140094c126": "the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century", + "57264684708984140094c127": "the 14th century. The world population as a", + "572647935951b619008f6ec9": ", is enzootic (commonly present", + "572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338", + "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China", + "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "the 14th century. In the 1330s a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331", + "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "the port city of Kaffa in the Crimea in 1347", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "corpses", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "corpses", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "the port city of Kaffa in the Crimea in 1347", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "the south of Europe, whence it spread north. Whether or not this hypothesis is accurate, it is clear that several existing conditions", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "the Netherlands, and isolated alpine", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": ", then turned and spread east through Germany and Scandinavia from 1348 to 1350. It was introduced in Norway", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "the Netherlands, and isolated alpine", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "the Netherlands, and isolated alpine", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "49", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "the Middle East", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "north", + "57264a74708984140094c18b": ", it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death", + "57264a74708984140094c18c": ", it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death", + "57264a74708984140094c18d": ", it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death", + "57264a74708984140094c18e": "23", + "57264a74708984140094c18f": ", it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "the time came from the medical faculty in Paris", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "the Miasma theory", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "the Miasma theory", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "the plague theory", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "1894", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "Alexandre Yersin", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "The mechanism", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": ", after whom the pathogen was named Yersinia pestis. The mechanism", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "Francis", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "rats and fleas", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": ", such as the Justinian plague", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "38", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30\u201375%", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "purple skin patches", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "October", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "October", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death following the disputed identification by Drancourt and Raoult in 1998. They assessed the presence", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "the etiology of the Black Death, and unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "PLoS", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "the Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "the country in three epidemics. Surveys of plague pit remains from the Dutch town of Bergen op Zoom showed the Y. pestis genotype", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "the country in three epidemics. Surveys of plague pit remains from the Dutch town of Bergen op Zoom showed the Y. pestis genotype", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "the country in three epidemics. Surveys of plague pit remains from the Dutch town of Bergen op Zoom showed the Y. pestis genotype", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "the country in three epidemics. Surveys of plague pit remains from the Dutch town of Bergen op Zoom showed the Y. pestis genotype", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "the genome of Y. pestis from plague victims and indicated that the strain that caused the Black Death is ancestral to most modern strains of the disease", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "the East Smithfield burial site in England", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "the disease", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "October 2011", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "the Black Death", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "1984 zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death", + "5726516a708984140094c223": "symptoms", + "5726516a708984140094c224": "the lack of reliable statistics from this period", + "5726516a708984140094c225": "100%", + "5726516a708984140094c226": "the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy", + "5726516a708984140094c227": "the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", + "57265285708984140094c25b": "the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe", + "57265285708984140094c25c": "northern Europe", + "57265285708984140094c25d": "northern Europe", + "57265285708984140094c25e": "the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe", + "57265285708984140094c25f": "5 to 15 years", + "5726534d708984140094c26d": "septicemic (a type of \"blood poisoning\") and pneumonic (an airborne plague that attacks the lungs", + "5726534d708984140094c26e": "2001", + "5726534d708984140094c26f": "septicemic (a type of \"blood poisoning\") and pneumonic (an airborne plague that attacks the lungs", + "5726534d708984140094c270": "septicemic (a type of \"blood poisoning\") and pneumonic (an airborne plague that attacks the lungs", + "5726534d708984140094c271": "25", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "third", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "Half", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "isolated, evenly spaced graves", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "third", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": ", and the most isolated areas", + "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "the 14th to 17th centuries", + "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "the 14th to 17th centuries. According to Biraben", + "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "the absence of census figures", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "end of 1350", + "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "10\u201315% of the population, while the death rate of the plague of 1479\u201380 could have been as high as 20%.", + "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "the Great Plague of London", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "60% of Norway", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "29", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22", + "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1", + "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "half", + "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "half", + "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "the first half of the 17th century, a plague claimed some 1.7 million victims in Italy, or about 14%", + "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720", + "5726577f708984140094c301": "1850", + "5726577f708984140094c302": "30", + "5726577f708984140094c303": "the second quarter of the 19th century. Between 1701 and 1750, thirty", + "5726577f708984140094c304": "two-thirds", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "crystall", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "three", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": ", and metamorphic. The rock cycle", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "three", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": ", and metamorphic. The rock cycle", + "57265d08708984140094c397": "the 1960s", + "57265d08708984140094c398": "the 1960s, a series of discoveries, the most important of which was seafloor spreading, showed that the Earth's lithosphere", + "57265d08708984140094c399": "the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle is called plate tectonics", + "57265d08708984140094c39a": "the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle", + "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s", + "57265f605951b619008f70db": "divergent boundaries", + "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries", + "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "San Andreas fault", + "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener", + "57265f605951b619008f70df": "a single theory", + "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "the development of a layered model of the Earth, with a crust and lithosphere on top, the mantle below (separated within itself by seismic", + "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "inner core", + "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "separated within itself by seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 kilometers", + "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "detailed images of wave speeds", + "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "the development of a layered model of the Earth, with a crust and lithosphere on top, the mantle", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "the third scale", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": ", so the most recent era", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "The Pleistocene (P) epoch", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "The Pleistocene (P) epoch", + "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "the age of the sequences", + "572665ff708984140094c4c4": ", then the formations that were cut are older than the fault, and the ones that are not cut must be younger", + "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "a", + "572665ff708984140094c4c6": ", then the formations that were cut are older than the fault, and the ones that are not cut must be younger", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "a result, xen", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "a", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "The principle", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "a", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": ", then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them. For example, in sedimentary rocks, it is common for gravel", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "The principle of faunal succession", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "succession", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "organisms", + "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "Charles Darwin", + "57266c015951b619008f7237": "the beginning of the 20th century", + "57266c015951b619008f7238": "the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation", + "57266c015951b619008f7239": "absolute ages", + "57266c015951b619008f723a": "the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another", + "57266c015951b619008f723b": "the beginning of the 20th century, important advancement in geological science was facilitated by the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events using radioactive", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": ", and paleotopography", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "crystal lattice. These are used in geochronologic and thermochronologic studies", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "These are used in geochronologic and thermochronologic studies", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "a variety of applications. Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers found within a stratigraphic sequence can provide absolute age data", + "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "the principle of superposition", + "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "the principle of superposition", + "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "the center of the fold buckles upwards, creating \"antiforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "upwards, creating \"antiforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "the center of the fold buckles upwards, creating \"antiforms\", or where it buckles downwards, creating \"synforms\".", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "the French word for \"sausage", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "there is a location", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "osed", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "a whole to become longer and thinner", + "572673f5708984140094c69b": ", and igneous intrusions enter from below. Dikes", + "572673f5708984140094c69c": "the creation of topographic gradients, causing material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation", + "572673f5708984140094c69d": "the creation of topographic gradients, causing material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation", + "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion", + "572673f5708984140094c69f": "the creation of topographic gradients, causing material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "The Hawaiian Islands, for example, consist almost entirely of layered basaltic lava flows", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "the world", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "the southwestern United States contain almost-undeformed stacks of sedimentary rocks", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "the world", + "572677e7708984140094c723": "rocks", + "572677e7708984140094c724": "layers", + "572677e7708984140094c725": "structural geology", + "572677e7708984140094c726": "modern soils", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "the field, petrologists identify rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference properties", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "the geochemical evolution", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "the field, petrologists identify rock samples in the laboratory", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "the primary methods for identifying rocks", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks. This work can also help to explain processes that occur within the", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks", + "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural", + "57267d52708984140094c7da": "the area. In addition, they perform analog and numerical experiments of rock deformation in large and small settings", + "57267d52708984140094c7db": "combine measurements of geological structures", + "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "the area. In addition, they perform analog and numerical experiments of rock deformation in large and small settings", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "the most well-known experiments in structural geology are those involving orogenic wedges", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "involving", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "analog versions of these experiments", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "critically tapered (all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "the same way as these analog models, though they are often more sophisticated", + "57268066708984140094c821": "laboratory", + "57268066708984140094c822": ", such as those from drill cores. Stratigraphers also analyze data from geophysical surveys that show the locations of stratigraphic units", + "57268066708984140094c823": "the surface of the Earth", + "57268066708984140094c824": ", and stratigraphers often use computer programs", + "57268066708984140094c825": "the Earth, interpret past environments, and locate areas", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "the timing and rates of deposition. Magnetic stratigraphers", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "the laboratory, biostratigraphers", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "the timing and rates of deposition. Magnetic stratigraphers", + "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", + "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu", + "572683f95951b619008f7527": "Shen Kuo", + "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Sina", + "572683f95951b619008f7529": "the ocean, he inferred that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains", + "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James", + "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory", + "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", + "57268527708984140094c8c2": "Theory", + "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "the U.S. was produced in 1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "09", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "the U.S. was produced in 1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "the U.S. was produced in 1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "the U.S. was produced in 1809", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "the thought of Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "the thought of Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism. This theory", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catast", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Charles Darwin", + "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "103 miles", + "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "8", + "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "a member of the English Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities", + "5726642f5951b619008f715a": "the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it became a county", + "5726642f5951b619008f715b": "the surrounding area is Geordie", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": "1080", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "the wool trade", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": "the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. Newcastle", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "16th century", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "the Great North Run, since it began in 1981", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "Pons Aelius", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "2,000", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": "Fragments of Hadrian's Wall", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "Pictish tribes", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": "the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": "a new charter granted by Elizabeth", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": "25", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": "the 13th century, to defend it from invaders during the Border war against Scotland. The Scots king William the Lion", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": "three", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": "a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": "the coal trade to a cartel of Newcastle burgesses known as the Hostmen", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": "a pointless pursuit", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": "the 18th century American Timothy Dexter, an entrepreneur, widely regarded as an eccentric", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": "the 18th century American Timothy Dexter", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": "close-knit community of keelmen", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": "the 1630s about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": "7", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": "47%", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": "the Society of Antiquaries that 47%", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": "King", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": "the English Civil War, the North declared for the King. In a bid to gain Newcastle and the Tyne, Cromwell's allies", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "roaring", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": "motto", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": "the town. Charles", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": "the city, was the first public road in the world to be lit up by the incandescent lightbulb. Newcastle", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "the Maling company", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": "the first cities in the world to be lit up by electric lighting", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": "the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": "Charles Parsons' invention of the steam turbine", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": "medieval", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": "Narrow alleys or 'chares", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": "Stairs", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "the 14th century, remain intact in places. Close, Sandhill and Quayside", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "a restaurant", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": "the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson, and recently extensively", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "the", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": "Grey Street", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": "1960s", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": "the Eldon Square Shopping Centre", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": "the Town Moor", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": "the city have the right", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": "The Hoppings funfair, said to be the largest travelling funfair in Europe, is held here annually in June", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": "June", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": ", although the Freemen do collect rent for the loss of privilege. Honorary freemen", + "57267076708984140094c601": "the North-East", + "57267076708984140094c602": "Council", + "57267076708984140094c603": "Norman Foster", + "57267076708984140094c604": "NewcastleGateshead", + "57267076708984140094c605": "2008", + "572671165951b619008f72b7": "the Grainger Town area", + "572671165951b619008f72b8": "1835", + "572671165951b619008f72b9": "four stories", + "572671165951b619008f72ba": "29", + "572671e55951b619008f72d7": "1808", + "572671e55951b619008f72d8": "1835", + "572671e55951b619008f72d9": "2000", + "572671e55951b619008f72da": "the largest and most beautiful markets in Europe. The opening was celebrated with a grand dinner attended by 2000 guests, and the Laing Art Gallery", + "572671e55951b619008f72db": "English Heritage", + "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "the UK. Temperature extremes recorded at Newcastle Weather Centre", + "57267383dd62a815002e8553": "the UK. Temperature extremes recorded at Newcastle Weather Centre", + "57267383dd62a815002e8554": "the world at a similar latitude, due to the warming influence of the Gulf Stream (via the North Atlantic Drift). Being in the rain shadow", + "57267383dd62a815002e8555": "January 1982", + "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "the remainder of the British Isles", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": "ninth", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": "the Eldon Square Shopping Centre", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": "the world\u2019s first department store", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": "the opening of a flagship Debenhams department store as well as other major stores including Apple, Hollister and Guess", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": "March 2007", + "5726769c708984140094c711": "Grainger Street", + "5726769c708984140094c712": "Outside the city centre, the largest suburban shopping areas", + "5726769c708984140094c713": "Tesco", + "5726769c708984140094c714": "the MetroCentre", + "5726769c708984140094c715": "the largest indoor shopping centre in Europe, the MetroCentre, is located in Gateshead", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": "The Tyneside flat", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "terraces", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly. They can still be found in areas such as South Heaton in Newcastle", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "Robert Sakula", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "the possibilities of high density", + "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": "7.8", + "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": "%,", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": "5.9%,", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": "handful", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": "the 2010 Census (to 7.8%),", + "572679c35951b619008f73db": "the city", + "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "the metropolitan borough of Newcastle", + "572679c35951b619008f73dd": "282", + "572679c35951b619008f73de": "a population of 189,863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282", + "572679c35951b619008f73df": "a large student population with Newcastle and Northumbria Universities in the local area. Areas", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": "37.8", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": "Many people in the city have Scottish or Irish ancestors", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": "a strong presence", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": "1%", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": "1%", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": "Geordie", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "the United Kingdom. The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxon populations who migrated", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "the end of Roman Imperial rule. This language was the forerunner of Modern English", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "the end of Roman Imperial rule. This language was the forerunner of Modern English", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "\"burn\" (\"stream", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": "Scandinavia", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": ", appear to be used exclusively", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "exclusively", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "the surrounding area, such as \"Canny", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "the surrounding area, such as \"Canny", + "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": "a report, published in early February", + "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": "noisiest city", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": "80.4", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": "the whole of the UK, with an average level of 80", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": "arbitrarily selected locations", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": "the city centre. There are many bars on the Bigg Market, and other popular areas for nightlife are Collingwood Street", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": "the city. In recent years \"The Gate\" has opened in the city centre", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": "12", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "The Pink Triangle", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": "The Pink Triangle' - is centred on the Times Square area near the Centre for Life and has a range of bars, caf\u00e9s and clubs", + "57267f695951b619008f74bd": "theatre", + "57267f695951b619008f74be": "a proud history of theatre. Stephen Kemble", + "57267f695951b619008f74bf": "seasons", + "57267f695951b619008f74c0": "21 January 1788", + "57267f695951b619008f74c1": "Grey Street", + "5726800add62a815002e8750": "theatres", + "5726800add62a815002e8751": "the Theatre Royal", + "5726800add62a815002e8752": "Royal Shakespeare Company", + "5726800add62a815002e8753": ", whilst other venues feature local talent", + "5726800add62a815002e8754": "2006 as the arts capital", + "572680865951b619008f74e7": "The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne (popularly known as the 'Lit & Phil') is the largest", + "572680865951b619008f74e8": "8000", + "572680865951b619008f74e9": "John and Benjamin Green", + "572680865951b619008f74ea": "20 October 1880", + "572680865951b619008f74eb": "Joseph Swan", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": "May", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": "The biennial AV Festival of international electronic art, featuring exhibitions, concerts, conferences and film screenings, is held in March", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "a festival of food and drink, runs for 2 weeks each year in mid June", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": "2 weeks each year in mid June", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": "The Hoppings, reputedly the largest travelling fair in Europe", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": "June", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": "the Temperance Movement", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": "The Northern Rock Cyclone", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": "The Northern Pride", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": "Newcastle Mela", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": "the", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": "the Design Event festival", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "The SAMA Festival, an East Asian cultural festival is also held in early October", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "-day multicultural event, blending drama, music and food from Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead", + "5726847f708984140094c8ab": "a whole, formed in Newcastle", + "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "1971", + "5726847f708984140094c8ad": "Venom", + "5726847f708984140094c8ae": "a whole, formed in Newcastle in 1979. Folk metal band Skyclad", + "5726847f708984140094c8af": "Duran Duran", + "57268525dd62a815002e8806": "November 2006 and May 2008", + "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "Old Town Hall", + "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "three", + "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "Classic", + "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "the Old Town Hall, Gateshead. In May 2008 the Tyneside Cinema", + "57268692dd62a815002e8826": "Centre for Life with its Science Village", + "57268692dd62a815002e8827": "the Discovery Museum", + "57268692dd62a815002e8828": "the world and Northern England and the Newburn Hall Motor Museum", + "57268692dd62a815002e8829": "2009", + "57268692dd62a815002e882a": "Seven Stories", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "1939", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": "The 1971", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "thriller", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "Mike Figgis", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "Tommy Lee Jones, Melanie Griffith, Sting", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": "Gosforth Park", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "the Newcastle Eagles", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": "Newcastle Diamonds", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": "a venue", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "the 5.9-mile (9.5 km) Blaydon Race", + "57268885dd62a815002e886a": "6 miles", + "57268885dd62a815002e886b": "the Metro", + "57268885dd62a815002e886c": "20 minutes", + "57268885dd62a815002e886d": "over", + "57268885dd62a815002e886e": "90", + "572689385951b619008f761b": "2014", + "572689385951b619008f761c": "six", + "572689385951b619008f761d": "1850 by Queen Victoria", + "572689385951b619008f761e": "a neoclassical fa\u00e7ade, originally designed by the architect John Dobson, and was constructed in collaboration with Robert Stephenson", + "572689385951b619008f761f": "other", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": "half", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": "three", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": "Edinburgh", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": "the Midlands and the South West. First TransPennine Express", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": "Northern Rail", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "the Tyne and Wear Metro", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": "five", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": "deep-level tunnels", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": "1981", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": "37", + "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "'Metro", + "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "smart ticketing", + "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "the transition to smart ticketing. All Metro trains are being completely refurbished and most stations", + "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "the system. Proposed routes", + "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "the Metrocentre in Gateshead and to additional locations in Gateshead, South Tyneside and Sunderland. Several of the proposed routes", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": "the", + "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": "the A69", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "the A167, the old \"Great North Road", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": ", with many city centre roads", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": "Tyne Tunnel", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": "3", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": "two", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": "Stagecoach", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": "the surrounding boroughs part of the Tyne and Wear area are coordinated by Nexus", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": "the city; Arriva North East, Go North East", + "57269120708984140094ca59": "1998", + "57269120708984140094ca5a": "the National Cycling strategy, Newcastle first developed its cycling strategy", + "57269120708984140094ca5b": "the usage of cycling to cut city congestion; educating that cycling promotes healthy living", + "57269120708984140094ca5c": "streets", + "57269120708984140094ca5d": "national networks", + "5726934f5951b619008f771d": "the", + "5726934f5951b619008f771e": "October 2006", + "5726934f5951b619008f771f": "the end of October 2006", + "5726934f5951b619008f7720": "late 2008", + "5726934f5951b619008f7721": "Thomson cruise lines", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": "eleven", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": "seven", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": "seven", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": "Newcastle College", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": "a number of successful state schools, including Walker Technology College, Gosforth High School, Heaton Manor School, St Cuthbert's High School", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": "two", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": "the School of Medicine and Surgery, established in 1834", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": "Sunday Times", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": "1992", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": "the UK", + "572699b55951b619008f778f": "three", + "572699b55951b619008f7790": "1474", + "572699b55951b619008f7791": "the Coptic", + "572699b55951b619008f7792": "the only parish church in the Church of England", + "572699b55951b619008f7793": "parish churches", + "57269b165951b619008f77b3": "The Parish Church of St Andrew is traditionally recognised as 'the oldest church in this town", + "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "1726", + "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "the 12th Century and the last addition to it, apart from the vestries, was the main porch", + "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "Parish", + "57269b165951b619008f77b7": "The church tower", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": "the result of its colouring, as the Pink Palace. It is from here that the Corporation broadcasts the Look North", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": "2005", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": "entrance", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": "the city on Barrack Road, Spital Tongues", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": "BBC Radio Newcastle", + "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", + "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "the area. Newcastle Student Radio", + "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "1951", + "57269d745951b619008f77da": "Radio", + "57269d745951b619008f77db": "the city's universities, broadcasting from Newcastle University's student's union building", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": "1770", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "Archbishop of Westminster", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "Stephenson", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": "the steam turbine", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Thailand", + "57269fab5951b619008f7807": "Rutherford Grammar School", + "57269fab5951b619008f7808": "ers", + "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "Nobel Prize winning physicist", + "57269fab5951b619008f780a": "the most characteristic musical instrument", + "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "Neville", + "5726710b708984140094c61d": "the Brompton", + "5726710b708984140094c61e": "4", + "5726710b708984140094c61f": "1852", + "5726710b708984140094c620": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "572680ac708984140094c83d": "the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea", + "572680ac708984140094c83e": "1852", + "572680ac708984140094c83f": "the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 4.5 million objects. It was founded in 1852", + "572680ac708984140094c840": "the Department", + "572680ac708984140094c841": "2001", + "57268294708984140094c877": "12", + "57268294708984140094c878": "145", + "57268294708984140094c879": "5,000 years", + "57268294708984140094c87a": "the cultures", + "57268294708984140094c87b": "post-classical sculpture", + "572685cd5951b619008f7573": "the Great Exhibition of 1851", + "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "Henry Cole", + "572685cd5951b619008f7575": "The V&A", + "572685cd5951b619008f7576": ", was involved in planning; initially it was known as the Museum of Manufactures", + "572685cd5951b619008f7577": "Gottfried Semper", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": "22 June 1857", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": "22 June", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": "George Wallis", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "late night", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "1949", + "57268f2c708984140094ca25": "1946", + "57268f2c708984140094ca26": "the return of the collections after the war, the Britain Can Make It exhibition was held between September and November 1946", + "57268f2c708984140094ca27": "a", + "57268f2c708984140094ca28": "Festival", + "57268f2c708984140094ca29": "1948", + "572691d7708984140094ca6d": "the first museum in Britain to present a rock concert", + "572691d7708984140094ca6e": "Gry", + "572691d7708984140094ca6f": "a hallmark of the directorship of Roy Strong", + "572691d7708984140094ca70": "the first museum in Britain to present a rock concert. The V&A presented a combined concert/lecture by British progressive folk", + "57269656708984140094cafd": "the city's waterfront and is intended to focus on fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography", + "57269656708984140094cafe": "\u00a376", + "57269656708984140094caff": "the city's waterfront and is intended to focus on fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography", + "57269656708984140094cb00": "the city's waterfront and is intended to focus on fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography", + "57269656708984140094cb01": "five years", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": "the present site. This area of London", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": "the Sheepshanks Gallery", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": "the very northern edge of the site is situated the Secretariat Wing", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": "June 1862", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": "the Secretariat Wing, also built in 1862", + "57269c06708984140094cba1": "Jones", + "57269c06708984140094cba2": "Italian Renaissance", + "57269c06708984140094cba3": "the east of this were additional galleries, the decoration of which was the work of another designer Owen Jones", + "57269c06708984140094cba4": "six panels depicting: Humphry Davy (chemistry); Isaac Newton", + "57269c06708984140094cba5": "six", + "57269d68708984140094cbd7": "the three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866\u201368 was the work of Philip Webb and William Morris", + "57269d68708984140094cbd8": "Edward Burne-Jones", + "57269d68708984140094cbd9": "the main part of the wall and a plaster frieze around the decorated ceiling and stained-glass windows by Edward Burne-Jones", + "57269d68708984140094cbda": "Alfred Stevens", + "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "the main part of the wall and a plaster frieze around the decorated ceiling and stained-glass windows by Edward Burne-Jones", + "5726a0205951b619008f781b": "Henry Young Darracott Scott", + "5726a0205951b619008f781c": "the north west of the garden the five-storey School for Naval Architects (also known as the science schools), now the Henry Cole Wing", + "5726a0205951b619008f781d": "J.W. Wild designed the impressive staircase", + "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "the north west of the garden the five-storey School for Naval Architects (also known as the science schools), now the Henry Cole Wing", + "5726a0205951b619008f781f": "2008", + "5726a2445951b619008f7861": "F. W. Moody", + "5726a2445951b619008f7862": "the south side of the garden, built 1877\u201383", + "5726a2445951b619008f7863": "southeast", + "5726a2445951b619008f7864": "the south side of the garden, built 1877\u201383", + "5726a2445951b619008f7865": "Reuben Townroe who also designed the plaster work in the library", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": "Aston Webb", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": "a feature of late Gothic architecture and a feature common in Scotland, but the detail is Classical", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "720", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": "a", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": "a feature of late Gothic architecture and a feature common in Scotland, but the detail is Classical", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": "Alfred Drury", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": "four", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Alfred Drury. These fa\u00e7ades surround four levels of galleries. Other areas designed by Webb", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "marble", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Queen Victoria", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": "the way of building work; the first major work was the creation of new storage space for books in the Art Library in 1966", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": "1974", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": "the rest of the museum, a new entrance building was constructed on the site of the former boiler house, the intended site of the Spiral, between 1978", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": "Douglas Coyne", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": "the site of the former boiler house, the intended site of the Spiral, between 1978 and 1982", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": "Medieval", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": "Gilbert Bayes sculpture gallery; in 2005: portrait miniatures, prints and drawings, displays in Room 117, the garden, sacred silver", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "Gilbert Bayes sculpture gallery; in 2005: portrait miniatures, prints and drawings, displays in Room 117, the garden, sacred silver", + "5726afeb708984140094cdda": "South", + "5726afeb708984140094cddb": "Gilbert Bayes sculpture gallery; in 2005: portrait miniatures, prints and drawings, displays in Room 117, the garden, sacred silver", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": "Kim Wilkie", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": "the John Madejski Garden", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": "ellipt", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": "the edge which may be drained to use the area for receptions, gatherings or exhibition purposes", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": "American", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": "2004", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "2004", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": "600", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": "the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": "700", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": "Andrea Palladio", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": "the last four hundred years represented, but many European (especially Italian) and American architects' drawings", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": "330", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": "Andrea Palladio", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": "Andrea Palladio", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": "Bishopsgate", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": "the Great Fire of London", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": "1600", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": "a dormer window dated 1523\u201335 from the chateau", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": "the Alhambra", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": "19", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": "2006", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": "the Ardabil Carpet", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": "the Middle East, Central Asia", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "1909", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": "60", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": "10", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": "6000 paintings", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "1991", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "The Jawaharlal Nehru", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": "70", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "works of art from the countries of East Asia", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": "T. T. Tsui", + "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": "1991", + "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "the Ming and Qing", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": "Toshiba", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "December 1986", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": "13th-century", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": "1550 to 1900", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": "finest objects displayed is Suzuki Chokichi's bronze incense burner", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": "the 19th century is represented by notable 14th- and 15th-century religious images in wood and bronze, scroll paintings and ritual objects", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "the 19th century is represented by notable 14th- and 15th-century religious images in wood and bronze, scroll paintings and ritual objects", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "the 14th to the 19th century is represented by notable 14th- and 15th-century religious images", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": "gleaming boxes inlaid with mother-of-pearl", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "ivory", + "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": "da Vinci", + "5726c9a4708984140094d170": "three", + "5726c9a4708984140094d171": "14,000 books to the museum in 1869", + "5726c9a4708984140094d172": "1869", + "5726c9a4708984140094d173": "1876", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": "Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": "Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": "the library dating from the 12th to 16th centuries", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": "Rouen", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": "Lucas Horenbout, London", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": "the National Art Library", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": "MODES", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": "the National Art Library is using Encoded Archival Description", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": "the National Art Library is using Encoded Archival Description (EAD). The Victoria and Albert Museum has a computer system but most of the items", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "a feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum web-site called \"Search the Collections", + "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "2007", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": "the world, to digitize their collection. A large scale digitization project began in 2007 in that department. That project was entitled the Factory Project", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": "Andy Warhol", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": "15", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": "the world, to digitize their collection. A large scale digitization project began in 2007 in that department", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": ", but also work produced by European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": "Asia", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": "Gian Lorenzo Bernini", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": "Horace Walpole", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "porcelain, cloth and wallpaper", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": "the founding of the V&A", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "culture", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": "John Ruskin", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "mass production", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": "Arts and Crafts movement", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": "Trajan's Column, cut in half", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": "-scale replica of Trajan's Column, cut in half", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": ", including a full-size replica of Michelangelo's David", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": "hundreds", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": "a glass case", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": "1731", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": "1762", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": "1762", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": "1909", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": "1909", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": "the 16th and 17th centuries, made in Germany and Switzerland. There is an unrivalled collection of Italian maiolica and lustreware", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": "the 16th and 17th centuries, made in Germany and Switzerland. There is an unrivalled collection of Italian maiolica and lustreware", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": "the 16th and 17th centuries, made in Germany and Switzerland. There is an unrivalled collection of Italian maiolica and lustreware", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": "the 16th and 17th centuries", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": "the 16th and 17th centuries, made in Germany", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": "4000", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": "the 19th century: Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": ", and has over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": "Ren", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": "Louis Comfort Tiffany", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "1994", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": "Danny Lane", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "2004", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": "by Dale Chihuly", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": "13", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": "10", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": "2", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": "Giovanni Benedetto", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": ", including works by: D\u00fcrer, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, Bernardo Buontalenti, Rembrandt", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": ", Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": "14", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": "the present. Costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper are typically held by the Word and Image department", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "the present. Costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper are typically held by the Word and Image department", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": "1913", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": "1913", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": "2002", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": "178", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": "178", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": "178", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": "the", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "the 1960s. In 1986 the Lady Abingdon collection of French Empire furniture", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "1859", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "The John Jones Collection", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "1882", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": "\u00a3250", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": "1580", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": "Hans", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "1750", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": "Germany", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": "the grandest pieces of 19th-century furniture", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": "the early 19th century. A new jewellery gallery, funded by William and Judith Bollinger", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": "works dating from Ancient Egypt", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": "1869", + "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": "154", + "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": "William and Judith Bollinger", + "5726ee28708984140094d656": "objects made from silver or gold in the collection, the display (about 15% of the collection) is divided into secular and sacred", + "5726ee28708984140094d657": "1496\u201397", + "5726ee28708984140094d658": "8", + "5726ee28708984140094d659": "Scott", + "5726ee28708984140094d655": "10,000 objects made from silver or gold in the collection, the display (about 15%", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "1110", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "the rarest items in the collection is the 58 cm high Gloucester Candlestick, dated to c1110, made from gilt bronze", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": "a tour de force of bronze casting. Also of importance is the Becket Casket dated c1180", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "a tour de force of bronze casting. Also of importance is the Becket Casket dated c1180", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "the Becket Casket dated c1180 to contain relics of St Thomas Becket, made from gilt copper", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": "5,100", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": "Bryan Davies", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": "the Horniman Museum and other institutions", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": "35", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": "25 February 2010", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": "1130", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": "11", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": "6800", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": "the Queen Elizabeth II", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": "the largest objects in the collection is the Spanish tempera on wood, 670 x 486 cm, retable of St George, c. 1400", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": "1857", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": "233", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": "233", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": "1821", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": "233", + "5726f755708984140094d737": "the works were French, for example Carlo Crivelli's Virgin and Child) that formed part of the Jones bequest of 1882", + "5726f755708984140094d738": "Madame de Pompadour dated 1758", + "5726f755708984140094d739": "Carlo Crivelli", + "5726f755708984140094d73a": "Fran\u00e7ois, Duc d'Alen\u00e7on", + "5726f90b708984140094d75d": "Eadweard Muybridge", + "5726f90b708984140094d75e": "1887", + "5726f90b708984140094d75f": "781", + "5726f90b708984140094d760": "the more unusual collections is that of Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion", + "5726f90b708984140094d761": "600", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": "the world. There are approximately 22,000 objects in the collection that cover the period from about 400 AD", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": "22", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "the world. There are approximately 22,000 objects in the collection that cover the period from about 400 AD to 1914", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "the world. There are approximately 22,000 objects", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": "National Galleries of Scotland", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "Neptune and Triton c. 1622\u20133", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": "the collection. The largest item from Italy", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": "the collection. The largest item from Italy", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": "There", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": "20", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": "1914", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": "1914", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": "1914", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": "1914", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": ", Sir Francis Chantrey", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": ", Sir Francis Chantrey", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "the collection include Nicholas Stone", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": ", Louis-Fran\u00e7ois Roubiliac", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": "Dorothy and Michael Hintze", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": "1950", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": "the chronology of the works on display up to 1950", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": "Henry Moore", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": "the chronology of the works on display up to 1950; this has involved loans by other museums, including Tate Britain", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "53,000 examples", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "the world. Techniques represented include weaving, printing, quilting embroidery, lace, tapestry", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": "the 1st century AD", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": "the Near East", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "technique", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": "a fragment", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "15th-century tapestries, woven in the Netherlands", + "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": "Netherlands", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "the Netherlands", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "John Vanderbank's workshop", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": "the late 14th-century", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": "1887", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": "1887", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": "Morris", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": "Serge Chermayeff", + "57270817708984140094d8c7": "the Theatre Museum", + "57270817708984140094d8c8": "March 2009", + "57270817708984140094d8c9": "the UK since Shakespeare's day, covering drama, dance, musical theatre", + "57270817708984140094d8ca": "the UK since Shakespeare's day", + "57270817708984140094d8cb": "the UK since Shakespeare's day, covering drama, dance, musical theatre", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "Conservation", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "the museum environment", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "the collections held by the V&A and the V&A Museum of Childhood. The conservators specialise in particular areas of conservation", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "the collections", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "the handling of items", + "57267b755951b619008f7433": "Disney", + "57267b755951b619008f7434": "1957", + "57267b755951b619008f7435": "Manhattan", + "57267b755951b619008f7436": "Manhattan", + "57267b755951b619008f7437": "Disney Media Networks", + "57267ca75951b619008f7469": "October 12, 1943", + "57267ca75951b619008f746a": "the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a", + "57267ca75951b619008f746b": "October 12, 1943", + "57267ca75951b619008f746c": "ESPN", + "57267ca75951b619008f746d": "the 1980s, after purchasing an 80% interest in cable sports channel ESPN, the network's parent merged with Capital Cities Communications", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": "eight owned-and-operated and over 232", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": "2007", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": "eight", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": "ABC News provides news and features content for select radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": "Radio Corporation of America", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": "two", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": "the primary purpose of testing new programs on markets of lesser importance than those served by NBC Red", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": "NBC Blue Network", + "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": "1927", + "572681ab708984140094c85d": "Mutual", + "572681ab708984140094c85e": "1938", + "572681ab708984140094c85f": "1940", + "572681ab708984140094c860": "NBC Red", + "572681ab708984140094c861": "the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": "Mark Woods", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": "Network", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": ", and gave the mandate to do so to Mark Woods. RCA converted the NBC Blue Network", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": "Mark Woods", + "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": ", and gave the mandate to do so to Mark Woods", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": "Life Savers", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": "12", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": "George B. Storer", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": "president and CEO", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": "June 30, 1951", + "57268739708984140094c8ed": "the Magnetophon tape recorder", + "57268739708984140094c8ee": "Paul Whiteman", + "57268739708984140094c8ef": "suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes", + "57268739708984140094c8f0": "Bing Crosby", + "57268739708984140094c8f1": "NBC Blue's traditions of public service", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": "$155 million in June 2000", + "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": "September 27 of that year, ABC announced the launch of ABC1", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": "September 8, 2007", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": "the ABC Group. However, on September 8, 2007, Disney", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": "United States", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "1959", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": "a result, ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": "a result, ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": "a result, ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": "the early 1950s, acquiring a 5% stake in two new domestic networks, the Mainichi Broadcasting System in 1951 and Nihon Educational Television", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "Japan", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "5% stake in two new domestic networks, the Mainichi Broadcasting System in 1951 and Nihon Educational Television", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": "NBC", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": "NBC", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "2000", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "ABC", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "1965", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": "the Academy Awards, Emmy Awards (which are rotated across all four major networks on a year-to-year basis), American Music Awards", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": ", which originated the specials in 1965 with the debut of A Charlie Brown Christmas (other Peanuts specials", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": "1974", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": "Ryan", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": "1954", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": "Times Square", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": "TLC", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": "General Hospital, the latter of which is the longest-running entertainment program in the history of the ABC television network, having aired since 1963", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": "1975", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": "the last nine years", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": "The View", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": "1963", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "various X Games", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "2006", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "the regular season, and shows Christmas Day games, regularly between 2\u20137 PM ET", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": "2", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": "The Open Championship golf and The Wimbledon tennis tournaments", + "5726e860708984140094d579": "Frank Marx", + "5726e860708984140094d57a": "7", + "5726e860708984140094d57b": "1947", + "5726e860708984140094d57c": "7", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": "108", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": "108 existing television stations in the United States; a few major cities (such as Boston", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": "DuMont Television Network", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": "fall of 1949, ABC found itself in the position of an outsider, with less coverage than two of its competing networks, CBS and NBC", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": "U.S. Supreme Court", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": "U.S. Supreme Court to become an independent entity, separating itself from Paramount Pictures", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": "nine", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": "CBS", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": "Prudential Insurance Company of America", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "Noble", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": "William S. Paley", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": "6", + "5726ed12708984140094d645": "Theatres", + "5726ed12708984140094d646": "Theatres", + "5726ed12708984140094d647": "Theatres", + "5726ed12708984140094d648": "Manhattan", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "August 10", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": "the course of the next 13 months: WENR-TV in Chicago signed on the air on September 17, while WXYZ", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": "the launch of KECA-TV", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": "The Prospect Studios", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": "September 30", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "gradual", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": "the beginning, it was initially broadcast in black-and-white, as ABC had not made the necessary technical upgrades to broadcast its programming", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": "September 30, 1960", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": "1959", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": "NBC", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "1961", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": "1985", + "572734af708984140094dae3": "-based promotional campaign focused around its circle logo", + "572734af708984140094dae4": "the Troika Design Group", + "572734af708984140094dae5": "black", + "572734af708984140094dae6": "the dot", + "572735a15951b619008f86bf": "Sullivan", + "572735a15951b619008f86c0": "the 1998\u201399 season remain in use during the production company vanity cards shown following the closing credits of most programs). In the fall of 2015", + "572735a15951b619008f86c1": "TV", + "572735a15951b619008f86c2": "the", + "572736625951b619008f86d1": "the 1993\u201394", + "572736625951b619008f86d2": "the", + "572736625951b619008f86d3": "1983", + "572736625951b619008f86d4": "1983", + "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": "the", + "572736fc5951b619008f86da": "a", + "572736fc5951b619008f86db": "the", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": "1962", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": "the start of the 1963\u201364 season. The letters are strongly reminiscent of the Bauhaus typeface designed by Herbert Bayer", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": "Herbert Bayer", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": "1962", + "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": "ABC Radio", + "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": "19", + "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": "six", + "57273954708984140094db05": "2004", + "57273954708984140094db06": "Desperate Housewives, Lost", + "57273954708984140094db07": "Anne Sweeney", + "57273954708984140094db08": "NASCAR", + "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "2002", + "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "Chairman/CEO Michael Eisner", + "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "The Bachelor", + "57273a0d708984140094db10": "The Bachelorette", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": "Time Warner Cable removed ABC owned-and-operated stations from the cable provider's systems in four", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": "ABC", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": "the afternoon of May 2. ABC ended the 2000\u201301 season as the most-watched network, ahead of NBC", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": "the afternoon of May 2", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": "2000", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": "The WB", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": "CBS", + "57273c195951b619008f8721": "August 1999", + "57273c195951b619008f8722": "Regis Philbin", + "57273c195951b619008f8723": "Buena Vista Television", + "57273c195951b619008f8724": "Meredith Vieira", + "57273d19708984140094db3d": "July 31", + "57273d19708984140094db3e": "ABC", + "57273d19708984140094db3f": "Knight Ridder", + "57273d19708984140094db40": "Robert Iger taking his place as president and CEO", + "57273d19708984140094db41": "Sports Night", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": "1965\u201366", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": "third", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "Beating the Odds", + "57273ef15951b619008f8751": "1953", + "57273ef15951b619008f8752": "7 West 66th Street", + "57273ef15951b619008f8753": "1959", + "57273f9d708984140094db51": "Robert Kintner", + "57273f9d708984140094db52": "the DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db53": "the DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db54": "5", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": "subsidiary of Paramount Pictures", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": "The Lone Ranger", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": "The Simpsons", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": "Cheyenne (adapted from the 1947 film Wyoming Kid", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": "1954", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": "Disney", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": "Presents", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": "Roy", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": "500", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": "Around 1954", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": "October 27", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": "Allen Shaw", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": "Harold L. Neal", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "LOVE Radio", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": "seven", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": "September 1969", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": "1971", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": "1971", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": "$400", + "572743fb708984140094db93": "early 1970s", + "572743fb708984140094db94": "ABC, as it began to pass CBS and NBC in the ratings", + "572743fb708984140094db95": "the fact that several smaller markets had grown large enough to allow full-time affiliations from all three networks", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": "1970", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": "2006", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": "NBC", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": "the league's marquee game. According to Goldenson, Monday Night Football helped earn ABC regularly score an audience share of 15%", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": "1970", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": "1972", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": "the company's decision to split ABC Films into two separate companies", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": "1970, Congress passed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act which banned cigarette advertising", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": "1971", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": "Henry Plitt", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": "the company after suffering a", + "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": "1966", + "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": "Happy Days", + "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": "the network's program development manager. He helped bring about ideas for many series including Happy Days", + "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": "Pictures", + "572748745951b619008f87b1": "Fred Silverman to become the first president and director of programming of the independent television production subsidiary ABC Entertainment", + "572748745951b619008f87b2": "Fred Silverman", + "572748745951b619008f87b3": "S", + "572748745951b619008f87b4": "November 3", + "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "NBC", + "5727492f708984140094dbb6": "Laverne & Shirley, which debuted in 1976", + "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "Charlie's Angels", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": "Alex Haley", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": "Aaron Spelling", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": "nine", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": "1976", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": "Soap", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": "Roone Arledge", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "Roone Arledge was named president of the new ABC News in addition to being president of ABC Sports", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "7 Lincoln Square", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": "June 1979", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": "June 1978", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": "Downs", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": "Barbara Walters", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": "MCA", + "57274cac708984140094dbdd": "24-hour news channel called ABC Cable News", + "57274cac708984140094dbde": "ABC News Now", + "57274cac708984140094dbdf": "August 29, 1994", + "57274cac708984140094dbe0": "WJRT-TV and WTVG in Toledo, Ohio (which was previously affiliated with ABC", + "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "Writers Guild of America", + "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "Duel", + "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "ten ABC owned-and-operated stations", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": "ABC", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": "ABC Entertainment Group", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": "Citadel Media", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": "Apple Inc. to make individual episodes of ABC and Disney Channel programs available for purchase on iTunes", + "57274f07708984140094dbed": "Lost", + "57274f07708984140094dbee": "2004", + "57274f07708984140094dbef": "Wednesdays", + "57274f07708984140094dbf0": "Wednesdays", + "5727504b5951b619008f881d": "1970", + "5727504b5951b619008f881e": "Worldvision Enterprises", + "5727504b5951b619008f881f": "ABC Circle Films", + "5727504b5951b619008f8820": "Turner", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": "Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": "Buena Vista Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": "Buena Vista International Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": "Selmur Productions catalog", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": "WA", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": "eight", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": "235", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": "96.26%", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "1946", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "Federal Communications Commission", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "1957", + "57275573708984140094dc45": "2011", + "57275573708984140094dc46": "Super", + "57275573708984140094dc47": "the network's schedule that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition. All of the network's programming has been presented in HD", + "57275573708984140094dc48": "September", + "57275650708984140094dc5f": "720p high definition", + "57275650708984140094dc60": "16", + "57275650708984140094dc61": "11", + "57275650708984140094dc62": "The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "the midseason forensic investigation drama Body of Proof", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": "Happy", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "NBC", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "the previous year's debuts, with only late-season premiere", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": "-running soap operas All My Children", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": "Prospect Park", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": "2013", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": "The Revolution", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": "18\u201349", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": "2004", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "second place in total viewership behind long-dominant CBS", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": "the first time since 2004, and in second place in total viewership", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": "Friday", + "57275a505951b619008f889f": "The Middle", + "57275a505951b619008f88a0": "Dragon's Den reality format", + "57275a505951b619008f88a1": "Sundays", + "57275a505951b619008f88a2": "Tim Allen", + "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Daniel Burke", + "57275bfb708984140094dc98": "Thomas Murphy", + "57275bfb708984140094dc99": "September 1994 saw the debut of NYPD Blue", + "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": "the debut of NYPD Blue, a gritty police procedural from Steven Bochco", + "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": "ten", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": "1993", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": "Entertainment", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": "Time Warner", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": "23.63%", + "57275e125951b619008f88d7": "the 1920s. This acquisition allowed ABC to consolidate its presence in the market. On May 9, 1960", + "57275e125951b619008f88d8": "9", + "57275e125951b619008f88d9": "John Bassett, who was trying to establish a television station in Toronto", + "57275e125951b619008f88da": "CFTO-TV", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": "Wide", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": "the network's market share. On April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": "the network's market share. On April 29, 1961", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": "Sports Programs, Inc", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": "American Broadcasting Companies", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": "The Dating Game", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": "The Newlywed Game", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "1330 Avenue of the Americas in Manhattan, at the corner of 54th Street", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": "90", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": "Dynasty", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": "Happy Days spinoff Mork & Mindy", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": "Service", + "5727623a5951b619008f8921": "1983", + "5727623a5951b619008f8922": "15%", + "5727623a5951b619008f8923": "The Entertainment Channel", + "5727623a5951b619008f8924": "The Entertainment Channel, into a single cable channel called Arts & Entertainment Television", + "572763a8708984140094dcd9": "chairman and CEO", + "572763a8708984140094dcda": "chairman and CEO", + "572763a8708984140094dcdb": "$465 million", + "572763a8708984140094dcdc": "'s", + "572763a8708984140094dcdd": "September 1991, the network premiered Home Improvement", + "572764855951b619008f8951": "General Hospital", + "572764855951b619008f8952": "Jimmy Kimmel Live!.", + "572764855951b619008f8953": "7", + "572764855951b619008f8954": "Jimmy", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": "New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "WBMA-LD", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": "WBND", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "a few markets, such as Birmingham, Alabama (WBMA-LD), Lima, Ohio (WLQP-LP", + "57276690708984140094dd01": "by ABC Circle Films", + "57276690708984140094dd02": "Touchstone Television beginning in 1985, before Touchstone was reorganized as ABC Studios", + "57276690708984140094dd03": "the ABC Television Center", + "57276690708984140094dd04": "the operations of KABC-TV until 1999; and the ABC Television Center, East", + "5727678e5951b619008f8973": "Times Square", + "5727678e5951b619008f8974": "the 42nd Street Project; opened in 1999, Good Morning America", + "5727678e5951b619008f8975": "2006", + "5727678e5951b619008f8976": "Tonight", + "572768d9708984140094dd13": "ABC on Demand", + "572768d9708984140094dd14": "a part-owner of Hulu", + "572768d9708984140094dd15": "July 6, 2009", + "572768d9708984140094dd16": "27", + "572769e85951b619008f8985": "the network's shows are usually made available on WATCH ABC", + "572769e85951b619008f8986": "eight", + "572769e85951b619008f8987": "the network's shows are usually made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand the day after their original broadcast. In addition, ABC on Demand", + "572769e85951b619008f8988": "January 7, 2014", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": "the 2013\u201314 season during the network", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": "four", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": "Modern", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": "a red version is used for ESPN on ABC, while all four variants are used selectively in advertising and by affiliates", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": "14", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": "14 primary affiliates compared to the 74", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": "1961", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": "1961", + "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": "exception", + "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "five times", + "57276d7f708984140094dd41": "the 2000s", + "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "1980s", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": "Walt Disney Presents", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "Desilu Productions", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": "Presents", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": "April 1959", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": "the ABC Sunday Night Movie", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": "$15", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": "Hanna-Barbera", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": "The Jetsons", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": "April 1, 1963", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": "7", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": "Donald F. Turner, head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": "the Department of Justice", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": "1968", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": "December 1984, Thomas S. Murphy, chief executive officer of Capital Cities Communications", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": ", which was formally announced on March 18, 1985, with Capital Cities", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": "Warren Buffett", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": "E. W. Scripps", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": "12", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": "September 5, 1985", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "Inc", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": "president", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "Michael P. Millardi became vice president of ABC Broadcasting", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "president", + "57277585708984140094de2b": "Laverne & Shirley ended its run in 1983, Happy Days", + "57277585708984140094de2c": "Happy Days", + "57277585708984140094de2d": "the success of series such as The Cosby Show, Cheers and Miami Vice", + "57277585708984140094de2e": "The Love Boat ended its run in 1986", + "57277585708984140094de2f": "the success of series such as The Cosby Show, Cheers and Miami Vice. To counteract NBC, ABC decided to refocus itself on comedies", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": "1989 debut of the \"TGIF\" block", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": ", culminating in the 1989 debut of the \"TGIF\" block (which promotions referenced stood for \"Thank Goodness It's Funny", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": "Miller-Boyett Productions", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": "Warner Bros", + "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": "seven radio stations nationwide", + "572776e85951b619008f8a80": "Charly", + "572776e85951b619008f8a81": "Ralph Nelson", + "572776e85951b619008f8a82": "1985", + "572776e85951b619008f8a83": "Redwood City, California", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": "the late 1950s that the ABC network became a serious contender to NBC and CBS, and this was in large part due to the diverse", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": "500", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": "18%", + "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": "Ollie", + "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": "Clark", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": "the \"philosophy", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": "Zorro", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": "Life", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": "the fall of 1959", + "57277af2708984140094dec3": "ABC", + "57277af2708984140094dec4": "New", + "57277af2708984140094dec5": "Hearst Television", + "57277af2708984140094dec6": "WatchESPN", + "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094deda": "the largest", + "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "The E. W. Scripps Company", + "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "28", + "57277bfc708984140094dedd": "28", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "the upcoming 2007\u201308 season, \"Start Here", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": "Troika", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": "Red ribbons were used to represent the entertainment division", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": "Red ribbons were used to represent the entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": "the same market in Tampa, Florida (WFTS-TV and WWSB", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "the same market in Tampa, Florida (WFTS-TV and WWSB", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "the same market in Tampa, Florida (WFTS-TV and WWSB) and Grand Rapids, Michigan (WZZM and WOTV", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "WTSP", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire and being proclaimed \"Genghis Khan", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": "tribes", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": "the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": "the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": "the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia", + "5726a00d708984140094cc25": "Khan", + "5726a00d708984140094cc26": "27", + "5726a00d708984140094cc27": "a result, Genghis Khan", + "5726a00d708984140094cc28": "khanates among his sons and grandsons", + "5726a00d708984140094cc29": "unknown location", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": "in 1162", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": "the second-oldest son of his father Yes\u00fcgei", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": "1162", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": "a Tatar chieftain, Tem\u00fcjin", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": "named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": "three", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": "the family of his future wife B\u00f6rte", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": "the family of his future wife B\u00f6rte, who was a member of the tribe Khongirad", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": "Dai", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": "the power of the eldest male in the family", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": "the family and eventually Temujin's mother Hoelun (not Begter's mother) would have to accept him as her husband", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": "the power of the eldest male in the family and eventually Temujin's mother Hoelun", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": "the power of the eldest male in the family and eventually Temujin's mother Hoelun", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": "the help of a sympathetic guard, the father of Chilaun (who later became a general of Genghis Khan", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": "the help of a sympathetic guard, the father of Chilaun (who later became a general of Genghis Khan", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": "the help of a sympathetic guard, the father of Chilaun (who later became a general of Genghis Khan", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": "Genghis Khan", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": "a river crevice", + "5726a784708984140094ccff": "arranged marriages", + "5726a784708984140094cd00": "mother Hoelun taught him many lessons", + "5726a784708984140094cd01": "Chinese dynasties to the south", + "5726a784708984140094cd02": "the south. Tem\u00fcjin's mother Hoelun taught him many lessons", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "the help of his friend and future rival, Jamukha, and his protector, Toghrul Khan", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": "the help of his friend and future rival, Jamukha, and his protector, Toghrul Khan", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": "the help of his friend and future rival, Jamukha, and his protector, Toghrul Khan", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": ", and his protector, Toghrul Khan of the Keraite tribe. She gave birth to a son, Jochi", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "nine months", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "three", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "the scenes during his lifetime, no documents have survived that definitively provide the number or names of daughters born to the consorts of Genghis Khan", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1187\u20141241", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "the scenes during his lifetime, no documents have survived that definitively provide the number or names of daughters born to the consorts of Genghis Khan", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "six", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": "sworn", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": ", who was Khan of the Keraites, and is better known by the Chinese title \"Wang Khan", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": ", who had himself become Khan (ruler", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": "20", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": ", who had himself become Khan (ruler", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": ", while Tem\u00fcjin followed a meritocratic method, and attracted a broader, though lower class, range of followers", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": "u", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": "86", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": "Battle of", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": "the Qara Khitai", + "5726ae32708984140094cdab": "Yassa code", + "5726ae32708984140094cdac": "wealth", + "5726ae32708984140094cdad": "orphans", + "5726ae32708984140094cdae": "Yassa code, Tem\u00fcjin promised civilians and soldiers wealth", + "5726af765951b619008f7a51": "Jochi", + "5726af765951b619008f7a52": "the fall and eventual dissolution of the Keraite tribe", + "5726af765951b619008f7a53": "Jamukha", + "5726af765951b619008f7a54": "the fall and eventual dissolution", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "the rulers of the Qara Khitai", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "01", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "the rulers of the Qara Khitai", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "Subutai", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "06", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": "the fact that in the past Jamukha", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": "the fact that in the past Jamukha had been known to have boiled his opponents' generals alive", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": "the fact that in the past Jamukha", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": "noble", + "5726b879708984140094cf01": "the Chinese", + "5726b879708984140094cf02": "Jamukha", + "5726b879708984140094cf03": "wedge", + "5726b879708984140094cf04": "the motivations of his rivals, exemplified by his extensive spy", + "5726b879708984140094cf05": "Khan", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": "06", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "Khuruldai", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "a result, by 1206", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": "a result, by 1206", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "a result, by 1206", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": "the Jin dynasty", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": "Ming-Tan", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": "the other side of the pass. At this engagement fought at Badger Pass", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": "south", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": "the reign of Genghis' third son, \u00d6gedei Khan", + "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": ", under his younger general, Jebe, known as \"The Arrow", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "Liao dynasty", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": "20", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "younger general, Jebe, known as \"The Arrow", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "The Arrow", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": "the", + "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": "west", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": "the", + "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": "the Khwarezmia", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": ", which bordered the Khwarezmia", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": "the early 13th century, the Khwarazmian dynasty", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": "500", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": "the early 13th century, the Khwarazmian dynasty was governed by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad. Genghis Khan", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": "10 tumens), his most capable generals and some of his sons", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": "the Silk Road", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": "Tien Shan", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "three", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "the northeast of Khwarezmia. The second division under Jebe", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": "the northeast of Khwarezmia. The second division under Jebe", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "the southeast", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": "the Shah's decision to divide his army into small groups concentrated in various cities. This fragmentation", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "the town of Otrar, relying on superior strategy and tactics. Genghis Khan ordered the wholesale massacre of many of the civilians", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "molten silver", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": "the end of the battle the Shah fled rather than surrender. Genghis Khan ordered Subutai", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "the end of the battle the Shah fled rather than surrender. Genghis Khan ordered Subutai", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": "Bukhara", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": "Bukhara", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "a river through the Khwarezmid emperor's birthplace, erasing it from the map", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "captured enemies as body shields", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "executed", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "py", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "the rest of the population was sent into slavery", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": ", though a unit of Turkish defenders", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "the rest of the population was sent into slavery", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "declared that he was the flail of God", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": "the rest of the population was sent into slavery", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": "20", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": "Six", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": "20,000 (two tumen) contingent marched through the Caucasus and into Russia under generals", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": "III", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": "III", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "40", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus' in 1237", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "the way. Later under Genghis Khan", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "25", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "the road back to Samarkand", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": "26", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": "autumn", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": "the autumn he took Xiliang-fu[disambiguation needed]. One of the Tangut generals", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": "Yellow", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": "a line of five stars arranged in the sky", + "57272dd55951b619008f8697": "Ning Hia", + "57272dd55951b619008f8698": "Ma Jianlong", + "57272dd55951b619008f8699": "the spring. At Deshun, the Tangut general Ma Jianlong", + "57272dd55951b619008f869a": "Liupanshan", + "57272dd55951b619008f869b": "the spring. At Deshun, the Tangut general Ma Jianlong", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": "the later years of his reign, as he reached old age. The long running paternity discussion about Genghis' oldest son Jochi", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": "the later years of his reign, as he reached old age. The long running paternity discussion about Genghis' oldest son Jochi", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": "the later years of his reign, as he reached old age. The long running paternity discussion about Genghis' oldest son Jochi", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": "the Mongols, just before the invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire by Genghis Khan", + "57272ff2708984140094dabd": "the situation between his brothers", + "57272ff2708984140094dabe": ", Genghis Khan decided to give the throne", + "57272ff2708984140094dabf": "youngest son, was not to be his successor because he was the youngest and in the Mongol culture, youngest sons", + "57272ff2708984140094dac0": "dependable in character", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": "26", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "the spring of 1223, and while his brothers heeded the order, Jochi remained in Khorasan", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "Urgench from destruction, as it belonged to territory", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "the spring of 1223", + "5727311d5951b619008f86af": "the spring of 1223", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": "August 1227", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": "hunting", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": "the early 17th century even relates the legend that the princess hid a small dagger", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": "princess", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": "the early 17th century even relates the legend that the princess hid a small dagger", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": "according to the customs", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": ", where many assume he is buried somewhere", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": "the Onon River", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": "The Genghis Khan Mausoleum", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": "Khoroo", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": ", which soon fell under Communist control. In early 1954, Genghis Khan's bier and relics", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": ", which soon fell under Communist control. In early 1954, Genghis Khan's bier and relics", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": "1954", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": "1968", + "57273581708984140094daeb": "October 6, 2004", + "57273581708984140094daec": "the possibility of actually locating the ruler's long-lost burial site. Folklore", + "57273581708984140094daed": "the possibility of actually locating the ruler's long-lost burial site. Folklore says that a river was diverted over his grave to make it impossible", + "57273581708984140094daee": "horses", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": "Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": "the Yassa", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": "the importance of ethnicity and race in the administrative realm, instead adopting an approach grounded in meritocracy. The exception was the role of Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "the importance of ethnicity and race in the administrative realm, instead adopting an approach grounded in meritocracy. The exception was the role of Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "Muhammad Khan", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": "exemptions", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": "the rise of Genghis Khan, Ong Khan, his mentor and eventual rival, had converted to Nestorian Christianity", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": "the rise of Genghis Khan, Ong Khan, his mentor and eventual rival, had converted to Nestorian Christianity", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": "Various", + "572739a75951b619008f86f7": "T\u00f6regene Khatun was briefly", + "572739a75951b619008f86f8": "Pax Mongolica (Mongol Peace", + "572739a75951b619008f86f9": "Chinese", + "572739a75951b619008f86fa": "a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality", + "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": "Chu'Tsai", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": "nomads and thus had no experience governing cities", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": ", who worked for the Jin and had been captured by the Mongol army after the Jin dynasty", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "descendant of Khitan rulers", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": "normally reserved for close family members", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Karakorum", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": "Muqali, a trusted lieutenant", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": ", and Subutai and Jebe were allowed to pursue the Great Raid into the Caucasus", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": "unwavering loyalty", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "diverting certain rivers", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "Chinese siege engines", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "feigned retreat", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "taking enemy prisoners", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": "Sea of Japan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": "the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": "the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": "1279", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": "the Silk Road", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": "Turkey", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": "tolerant of religions", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": "the horizons of all three cultural areas. Some historians have noted that Genghis Khan", + "5727404b708984140094db59": "the early 1990s", + "5727404b708984140094db5a": "the perception of his brutality. Mongolians maintain that the historical records written by non-Mongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", + "5727404b708984140094db5b": "the central figures of the national identity", + "5727404b708984140094db5c": "unfairly biased against Genghis Khan and that his butchery", + "5727404b708984140094db5d": "the early 1990s the memory of Genghis Khan", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": ", and other places. His face can be found on everyday commodities, from liquor bottles to candy products, and on the largest denominations", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": "the largest denominations", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": "the use of his name and image to avoid trivialization", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": ", and 20,000 Mongolian t\u00f6gr\u00f6g (\u20ae). Mongolia's main international airport in Ulaanbaatar", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "the Ikh Zasag (Great Administration), the first written Mongolian law", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": "corruption", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": "the 850", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": "the traditional Mongolian script", + "57275250708984140094dc25": "the People's Republic of China", + "57275250708984140094dc26": "5 million", + "57275250708984140094dc27": "-uniting China", + "57275250708984140094dc28": "uniting China", + "57275250708984140094dc29": "the People's Republic of China", + "572753af708984140094dc2f": "the Middle East, and particularly in Iran", + "572753af708984140094dc30": "the population of these areas. Steven R. Ward wrote that \"Overall, the Mongol violence and depredations killed up to three-fourths", + "572753af708984140094dc31": "10 to 15", + "572754cd5951b619008f8863": ", such as when portions of southern Khuzestan were completely destroyed. His descendant Hulagu Khan", + "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "Mamluks of Egypt", + "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "Ghazan Khan", + "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "37", + "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "the course of three years, the Mongols destroyed and annihilated all of the major cities of Eastern Europe with the exceptions", + "572756715951b619008f8877": "the names of other distinguished personalities particularly among the Muslim populations of South Asia", + "572756715951b619008f8878": "the legacies of Genghis Khan and Timur", + "572756715951b619008f8879": "Nishapur", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": ", it seems that if they had meant to call Genghis tenggis they could have said, and written, \"Tenggis Khan", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": ", meaning \"ocean", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": ", it seems that if they had meant to call Genghis tenggis they could have said, and written, \"Tenggis Khan", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": "Jen", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "Khan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": ", Chinggis Xaan, Chingis Khan, Jenghis Khan, Chinggis Qan, Djingis Kahn", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": ", Chinggis Xaan, Chingis Khan, Jenghis Khan, Chinggis Qan, Djingis Kahn", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": "Ch\u00e9ngj\u00eds\u012b H\u00e1n", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": "Genghis Khan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": "Ch\u00e9ngj\u00eds\u012b H\u00e1n", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "the quality use of medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "the quality use of medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "the quality use of medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "the quality use of medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "the quality use of medicines", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "Technician", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "the practice of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "the direct supervision of a pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy) but instead is supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "the direct supervision of a pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy) but instead is supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "the 1st century AD. The Latin translation De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "the term materia medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Diocles", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": ", and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "the end of the Asuka period (538", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "the end of the Asuka period (538", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "the", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "-related fields such as physicians and acupuncturists. In the Imperial household, the pharmacist was even ranked above", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "the Middle East", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "the most valuable Islamic works on pharmacology, entitled Kitab al-Saydalah (The Book of Drugs", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "the 10th century, he wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "He", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "the 10th century, he wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "1221", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "a Catalan enclave close to Puigcerd\u00e0, also now a museum", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy, which now houses a perfume museum. The medieval Esteve Pharmacy", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", + "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "the case that pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend towards the use of trained pharmacy technicians", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "the case that pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend towards the use of trained pharmacy technicians", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "the dispensary is subject to pharmacy legislation", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "the hospital and at home) many pharmacists practicing in hospitals gain more education and training after pharmacy school through a pharmacy practice residency", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "disciplines of pharmacy", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "the complexity of medications including specific indications, effectiveness of treatment regimens, safety of medications (i.e., drug interactions) and patient compliance issues", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "the hospital and at home) many pharmacists practicing in hospitals gain more education and training after pharmacy school through a pharmacy practice residency", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "the potential impact of medications and pharmacy services on patient-care outcomes and patient safety", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": ", including more specialized medications, than would be feasible in the community setting. Most hospital medications are unit-dose, or a single", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "Several hospital pharmacies have decided to outsource high risk preparations and some other compounding functions", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "the potential impact of medications and pharmacy services on patient-care outcomes and patient safety, make it imperative that hospital pharmacies", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "the potential impact of medications and pharmacy services on patient-care outcomes and patient safety", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "a", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "a", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "the appropriateness of the drug therapy (e.g., drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration of therapy", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": ", and duration of therapy) and its efficacy. The pharmacist must also monitor", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": ", and NIH) ambulatory care pharmacists are given full independent prescribing authority", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "North Carolina and New Mexico", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "2011", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "the U.S. federal health care system (including the VA", + "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "cognitive services", + "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "the United States many now work for several large pharmacy management companies (primarily Omnicare", + "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "the United States many now work for several large pharmacy management companies (primarily Omnicare", + "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "the United States many now work for several large pharmacy management companies (primarily Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare", + "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "Some community pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "the year 2000", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": ", and an individual's overall suitability for use of a medication. There also have been reports of such pharmacies dispensing substandard products", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": ", this practice has been criticized as potentially dangerous", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "dangerous", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": ", this practice has been criticized as potentially dangerous", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": ", and an individual's overall suitability for use of a medication. There also have been reports of such pharmacies dispensing substandard products", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": "the Internet", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "the United States", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "the Internet", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "the Internet", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship. The filling pharmacy has a corresponding responsibility to ensure that the prescription is valid", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship. The filling pharmacy has a corresponding responsibility to ensure that the prescription is valid. Often, individual state laws", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "the Internet", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "the United States", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and federal laws, enforcement is generally targeted at international drug suppliers", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "the", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "the United States, there has been a push to legalize", + "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "the", + "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "the needs of major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals. Pharmacists", + "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "the needs", + "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "the combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science. Pharmacy informaticists work in many practice areas of pharmacy", + "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "the", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "sector", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "the pharmaceutical industry with 19", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "the pharmaceutical industry with 19", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "the pharmaceutical industry with 19", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "the United States), pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians. These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "the American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "10 percent", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "the public, and that pharmacists cannot form business partnerships with physicians or give them \"kickback\" payments", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "1.6 kilometres", + "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "a", + "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "the", + "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "the", + "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "the", + "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "the", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "the coming decades", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "the coming decades", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "Management", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "the coming decades, pharmacists are expected to become more integral within the", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": ", and herbals) currently being taken by an individual. The result is a reconciliation of medication and patient education resulting in increased patient health outcomes", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "certain provinces", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "Government for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "the government for medicine use reviews", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "the United States, pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "the same Greek root as the English word 'apothecary').", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "the same Greek root as the", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "the Netherlands, and a red stylized letter A in Germany and Austria (from Apotheke, the German word for pharmacy", + "5726e65e708984140094d53d": "a", + "5726e65e708984140094d53e": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", + "5726e65e708984140094d53f": ", such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", + "5726e65e708984140094d540": "neuroimmune system which protects the brain", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": "a", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": ", such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": ", from viruses", + "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "neuroimmune system which protects the brain", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "the blood\u2013brain barrier", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": ", from viruses", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": ", such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": ", such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "the brain", + "5726eb785951b619008f8275": "the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes", + "5726eb785951b619008f8276": "the form of enzymes", + "5726eb785951b619008f8277": "ancient eukaryotes", + "5726eb785951b619008f8278": "the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes", + "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "ancient", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "basis of vaccination", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "acquired) immunity", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": "the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": "the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": "the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": "the use of immunosuppressive medication", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": "Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis", + "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency", + "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, auto", + "5728f2e26aef051400154898": ", and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology", + "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": "Athens in 430 BC", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": "Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis made experiments", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": "Louis Pasteur in his development of vaccination and his proposed germ theory of disease", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": "Walter Reed", + "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "the 18th century, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", + "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "microorganisms", + "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever", + "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "the causes of immunity to disease. The earliest known reference to immunity was during the plague of Athens in 430 BC", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "the form of an immunological memory", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses of increasing specificity. In simple terms, physical barriers", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "the", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "-specific response. Innate immune systems are found in all plants and animals", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "the", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "the form of an immunological memory", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "physical barriers", + "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules. In immunology, self molecules are those components", + "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "the immune system. Conversely, non-self molecules are those recognized as foreign molecules", + "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "the immune system. Conversely, non-self molecules are those recognized as foreign molecules. One class of non-self molecules are called antigens", + "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "immune receptors", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "the", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "The innate immune system is the dominant system of host defense", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "the same receptors as those that recognize pathogens", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "the same receptors as those that recognize pathogens. Innate immune defenses are non-specific", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "the exoskeleton of insects", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "The waxy cuticle of many leaves", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "muc", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "the respiratory tract. The flushing action of tears and urine also mechanically", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "\u03b2-defensins", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "Enzymes such as lysozyme", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "semen", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "the stomach, gastric acid and proteases serve as powerful chemical defenses", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following menarche", + "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "flora", + "5728fd206aef05140015494d": ", since most antibiotics non-specifically target bacteria and do not affect fungi", + "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "unpasteurized yogurt", + "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "conditions", + "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "the first responses of the immune system to infection. The symptoms", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "the", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", + "572905ce1d04691400778f83": ", but can be called to specific locations", + "572905ce1d04691400778f84": ", but can be called to specific locations by cytokines", + "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "intracellular vesicle called a phagosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "a phagolysosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "nutrients", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "the site of inflammation in a process called chemotaxis", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils are normally found in the bloodstream and are the most abundant type of phagocyte, normally representing 50% to 60%", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "the site of inflammation in a process called chemotaxis", + "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "the", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "the", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "the activation of the adaptive immune system", + "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "the", + "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "tissues", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": ", as they present antigens to T cells, one of the key cell types", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": ", as they present antigens to T cells", + "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", + "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells", + "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "the surface of those cells is altered and the NK cells become activated through recognition of \"missing self", + "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIR) which essentially put the brakes", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "the body by \"memory cells\".", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "the generation of responses that are tailored to specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": ", while helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": ", while helper", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": ", while helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to Class II MHC molecules", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": ", while helper", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "the body", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "8", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "the replication of viruses. T cell activation is tightly controlled and generally requires a very strong MHC/antigen activation signal", + "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "another toxin called granulysin (a protease", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "the replication of viruses. T cell activation is tightly controlled and generally requires a very strong MHC/antigen activation signal", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "ines", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "the characteristics of helper", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "the other hand, the various subsets are also part of the innate immune system, as restricted TCR or NK", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "the characteristics of helper", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "adaptive immunity", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "the innate immune system, as restricted TCR or NK receptors may be used as pattern recognition receptors. For example, large numbers", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "A B cell", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "the B cell and processed by proteolysis", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": ", which releases lymphokines", + "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells", + "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "the lifetime of an individual as an adaptation to infection with that pathogen and prepares the immune system for future challenges. Immunological memory", + "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "the lifetime of an individual as an adaptation to infection with that pathogen and prepares the immune system for future challenges. Immunological memory", + "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "the lifetime of an animal, these memory cells remember each specific pathogen", + "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "Newborn infants have no prior exposure to microbes", + "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "particular type of antibody, called IgG", + "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "the same range of antigen specificities as their mother. Breast milk or colostrum also contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut", + "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "short-term, lasting from a few days up to several months", + "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators", + "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "both adaptive and innate", + "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", + "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "ressive", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "a result, these disruptions can lead to an increase in chronic conditions such as heart disease", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "a result, these disruptions can lead to an increase in chronic conditions such as heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", + "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "the elderly", + "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "less adept at producing vitamin D", + "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "some hormones", + "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "less", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": ", sometimes with the assistance of helper", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "normal; this is a common phenomenon", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": ", sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules", + "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "a common phenomenon with tumors. Sometimes antibodies", + "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells", + "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns", + "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", + "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "the site of infection undergo rapid apoptosis to prevent the spread of the disease to other parts of the plant. Systemic acquired resistance", + "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "RNA", + "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": ", particularly the autoimmune disorders", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": ", particularly the autoimmune disorders", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "the thymus and bone marrow", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": ", and attacks part of the body. Under normal circumstances", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "the young and the elderly", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": ", malnutrition is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", + "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "the leading causes of death in the", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "principle behind vaccination (also called immunization", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "the leading causes of death in the human population, vaccination", + "572a019f3f37b31900478643": ", by using a type II secretion system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "III", + "572a019f3f37b31900478645": ", by using a type II secretion system. Alternatively, using a type III secretion system, they may insert a hollow tube", + "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude", + "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "the basis of CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction", + "572a02483f37b3190047864c": ", while \"nonself\" entities", + "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "the basis of CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction", + "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Ni", + "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Gl", + "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "conjunction", + "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "the", + "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "the", + "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "the presence of melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin during sleep times", + "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "the presence of melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin during sleep times", + "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "the presence of melatonin", + "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "the presence of melatonin. Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin during sleep times could actively counteract free radical", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "a vitamin D receptor", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "the active form of vitamin D, the steroid hormone", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": ", but the T-cell expresses the gene CY", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CY", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "CYP27B1 and thus activate vitamin D calcidiol, are dendritic cells", + "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", + "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "the main form of invertebrate systemic immunity", + "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "the main form of invertebrate systemic immunity", + "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "the RNA interference", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "the", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "the lamprey", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": ", such as the lamprey and hagfish. These animals possess a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "ancestor", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "the restriction modification system", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "a unique defense mechanism, called the restriction modification system to protect themselves from viral pathogens, called bacteriophages", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "CRISPR", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "the 20th century saw a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "the 20th century saw a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity. According to the cellular theory of immunity", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Emil von Behring", + "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "the organism\u2019s \u201chumors", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "the immune system and go on to become cancers", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I molecules", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "TGF-\u03b2", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "\u03b2", + "572a0bf96aef051400155204": ", but may also involve contact dermatitis (poison ivy", + "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "four", + "572a0bf96aef051400155206": ", and macrophages", + "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "Ig", + "572a0bf96aef051400155208": ", but may also involve contact dermatitis (poison ivy", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "the cells of their host (also called intracellular pathogenesis", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella", + "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "malaria", + "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Other bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis", + "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "the cells of their host (also called intracellular pathogenesis", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "the surface of the pathogen", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "the surface of the pathogen, while keeping essential epitopes concealed. This is called antigenic variation", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "Try", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "the surface of the pathogen", + "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "the immune system is to identify and eliminate tumors. This is called immune surveillance", + "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "irus", + "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", + "572a0f073f37b31900478682": ", transforms certain skin cells (e.g. melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", + "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "tyrosinase that, when expressed at high levels, transforms certain skin cells (e.g. melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", + "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "Larger", + "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides and proteins (which are typically larger than 6000 Da", + "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "Immunoprote", + "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "accessible", + "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "immunoinformatics", + "572a12386aef051400155234": ", and norepinephrine induce increased blood levels of the hormones leptin", + "572a12386aef051400155235": ", and prolactin) support the interactions between APCs", + "572a12386aef051400155236": "Th1/Th2 cytokine balance towards one that supports Th1", + "572a12386aef051400155237": "Th1", + "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": ", and opsonize (coat", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "the production of peptides that attract immune cells, increase vascular permeability, and opsonize (coat", + "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "the response is a result of signal amplification", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "the production of peptides that attract immune cells, increase vascular permeability, and opsonize (coat", + "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", + "57271c235951b619008f860c": "the British Empire), in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution and in East Germany to oust their communist governments, In South Africa in the fight against apartheid", + "57271c235951b619008f860d": "the Singing Revolution", + "57271c235951b619008f860e": "2004 Orange Revolution in Ukraine", + "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "the 1919", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "the 1919", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "the British Empire), in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "the British Empire), in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "the American Civil Rights Movement", + "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8636": "the daughters of former King of Thebes", + "57271f125951b619008f8637": "the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes", + "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8639": "the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "Antigone", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "the oldest depictions of civil disobedience", + "5727213c708984140094da35": "Percy Shelley", + "5727213c708984140094da36": "nonviolent", + "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha", + "5727213c708984140094da39": "India", + "5727213c708984140094da37": "poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Percy Shelley", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "the author Henry David Thoreau", + "572726c9708984140094da7b": "code", + "572726c9708984140094da7e": "the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official. Indeed, for Vice President Agnew it has become a code", + "572726c9708984140094da7c": "ambiguity", + "572726c9708984140094da7d": "the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official. Indeed, for Vice President Agnew it has become a", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "debased", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official. Indeed, for Vice President Agnew", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "impossible", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "Alice in Wonderland", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "Alice in Wonderland", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "Alice in Wonderland", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "the subject, the student of civil disobedience", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "the subject, the student of civil disobedience", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "the subject, the student of civil disobedience", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "the subject, the student of civil disobedience", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "the subject, the student of civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164370": ", if the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164371": "the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government", + "57280f974b864d1900164372": "relation to the state", + "57280f974b864d1900164373": ", if the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "the state and its laws", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": ", if the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government", + "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau", + "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "the form of a postman or tax collector whose hand hits the wood. Before Thoreau\u2019s imprisonment", + "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "judge", + "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "Resign", + "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "the form of a postman or tax collector", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "individual", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "the form of a postman or tax collector", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "the form of a postman or tax collector whose hand hits the wood. Before Thoreau", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "Resign", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "the form of a postman or tax collector", + "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken\". The same principle, she argues, applies to breaches of law in protest against international organizations", + "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "non-governmental agencies", + "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken\". The same principle", + "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken\". The same principle", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "the", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "the", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "theories", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": ", and private universities", + "572818f54b864d190016446c": "the form of public civil disobedience", + "572818f54b864d190016446d": "the form of public civil disobedience", + "572818f54b864d190016446e": "Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew", + "572818f54b864d190016446f": "Exodus", + "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Exodus", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "the form of public civil disobedience", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "the form of public civil disobedience", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "the form of public civil disobedience", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "the form of public civil disobedience", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Exodus", + "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "carefully chosen and legitimate means,\" but holds that they do not have to be non-violent", + "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "rebellion", + "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "tolerance", + "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violence", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "-violent. Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "-violent. It has been argued that, while both civil disobedience and civil rebellion are justified by appeal to constitutional defects", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": ", and if one cannot justify civil rebellion", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "non-violence", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "the Hungarians", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": ", etc...revolution doesn't have to be political, i.e. \"cultural revolution", + "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "Revolutionary", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "the social fabric). Gandhi", + "572822233acd2414000df555": "collective civil disobedience took place during", + "572822233acd2414000df556": "Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images", + "572822233acd2414000df557": "the time of his arrest, was not yet a well-known author, and his arrest was not covered in any newspapers", + "572822233acd2414000df558": "the days, weeks and months after it happened. The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office", + "572822233acd2414000df559": "the end of the Mexican War", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "activists", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "activists", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "the days, weeks and months after it happened. The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay", + "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "the name of civil disobedience", + "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "the name of civil disobedience", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "the name of civil disobedience", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "738", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "738 days", + "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "the name of civil disobedience", + "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "the name of civil disobedience", + "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "the charge of ineffectiveness and absurdity", + "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "the name of civil disobedience", + "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "738 days", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies. For example, Joseph Haas", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies. For example, Joseph Haas", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "the government", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "1978", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": ", which eventually led to the 1978", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies. For example, Joseph Haas", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies. For example, Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies. For example, Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "the government", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "Some forms of civil disobedience", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": ", nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "coercive", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": ", they might be considered coercive. Brownlee", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": ", they might be considered coercive", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": ", nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": ", nevertheless they may find it necessary to employ limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "the government", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "Some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "the legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted. And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "the legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted. And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "the legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted. And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "the legitimacy of a particular law it has enacted. And still other civil disobedients, being anarchists", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "whether or not to plead guilty", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "duty", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "guilty", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "guilty", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "a \"creative plea", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "-Violent Action sponsored a protest in August 1957", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "1957", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "13", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "Francis Heisler", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "the same plea bargain", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "the same plea bargain for everyone. But some activists", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "the", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, her statement suggested a lack of remorse", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "the", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "the U.S. Court of Appeals for the", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "the", + "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "the public of the political circumstances surrounding the case and their reasons for breaking the law via civil disobedience", + "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "defendants", + "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "a forum to inform the jury and the public of the political circumstances surrounding the case and their reasons for breaking the law via civil disobedience", + "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "a forum to inform the jury and the public of the political circumstances surrounding the case and their reasons for breaking the law via civil disobedience", + "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "a jury trial but do not excuse lawbreaking for political purposes, some civil disobedients seek jury nullification", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "the constitutionality of a law, and then wins his case, then that act did not constitute civil disobedience", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "the constitutionality of a law, and then wins his case, then that act did not constitute civil disobedience", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "the constitutionality of a law, and then wins his case, then that act did not constitute civil disobedience", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "the constitutionality of a law, and then wins his case, then that act did not constitute civil disobedience", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "punishment", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Indirect civil disobedience", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "disobedience", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "the Vietnam War", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "the basis of their challenging the legality of the Vietnam War; the courts ruled it was a political question. The necessity defense", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "the basis of their challenging the legality of the Vietnam War; the courts ruled it was a political question. The necessity defense", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "the threat of punishment and not the moral reasons to follow this law.\" Leonard Hubert Hoffmann", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "the threat of punishment and not the moral reasons to follow this law.\" Leonard Hubert Hoffmann", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "the state (including the judges", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "the state (including the judges) to decide on utilitarian grounds", + "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "the process", + "57273a465951b619008f8700": "the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing", + "57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine percent", + "57273a465951b619008f8702": "the", + "57273a465951b619008f8703": ", while construction typically takes place on location for a known client", + "57273cca708984140094db33": "architect", + "57273cca708984140094db34": ", and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", + "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", + "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", + "57273cca708984140094db37": "the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "three", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "-residential (commercial/institutional). Infrastructure is often called heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "-residential (commercial/institutional). Infrastructure is often called heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": ", there are three", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "the size of design and construction companies", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "the size of design and construction companies", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "transportation, sewer", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": ", and specialty trade contractors. There are also categories for construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings. The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": ", such as addition of a room, or renovation of a bathroom. Often, the owner of the property acts as laborer, paymaster", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "undesirable", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": ", and/or litigation. For this reason, those with experience in the field make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight", + "572742bd5951b619008f8785": ", and resources must conform to local building authority regulations", + "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Materials", + "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "the availability of skilled tradespeople. As residential construction (as well as all other types of construction) can generate a lot of waste", + "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "Cost of construction on a per square meter (or per square foot) basis for houses can vary dramatically", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "around 20 hours", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2", + "572745c6708984140094db9a": "the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of designs into reality. A formal design team may be assembled", + "572745c6708984140094db99": "translation of designs into reality", + "572745c6708984140094db9b": ", and archaeological consultants. The design team is most commonly employed by (i.e. in contract with) the property owner", + "572745c6708984140094db9c": "the basis of drawings and a bill of quantities provided by a quantity surveyor", + "572745c6708984140094db9d": "the most cost efficient bidder", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "integration of previously separated specialties", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "entirely separate companies", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers", + "57274e975951b619008f87f9": ", each of these project structures", + "57274e975951b619008f87fa": ", many companies are growing beyond traditional offerings of design or construction services alone and are placing more emphasis on establishing relationships with other necessary participants", + "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships", + "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "problems", + "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "the", + "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "the", + "57274f67708984140094dbf8": ", but is notoriously prevalent", + "5727502f708984140094dc07": "the process. Cost engineers and estimators apply expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation", + "5727502f708984140094dc08": "the financial management of the building construction project. The presence of the mortgage banker", + "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants", + "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "the process. Cost engineers and estimators apply expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation. Cost overruns", + "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "the process. Cost engineers and estimators apply expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "a matter of custom", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": ", or things that are a matter of custom", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", + "572751b4708984140094dc1b": ", and in cases of bottlenecks", + "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", + "572751b4708984140094dc1d": ", and in cases of bottlenecks", + "572751b4708984140094dc1e": ", the contracts must be designed to ensure that each side is capable", + "572751b4708984140094dc1f": ", whereas poorly drafted contracts lead to confusion and collapse", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "the", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "Public-Private Partnering (PPPs", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "the construction industry", + "572753335951b619008f8853": "the most common method of construction procurement and is well established and recognized. In this arrangement", + "572753335951b619008f8854": "the most common method of construction procurement and is well established and recognized. In this arrangement, the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator", + "572753335951b619008f8855": ", and manage the works from inception to completion. There are direct contractual links between the architect's client", + "572753335951b619008f8856": "Any subcontractor has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8857": "the main contractor. The procedure continues until the building is ready to occupy", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": ", but a consortium of several contractors working together. Once these have been hired, they begin building the first phase", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "Several D&B contractors", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": ", it is not just one contractor", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": ", it is not just one contractor, but a consortium of several contractors", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": ", it is not just one contractor, but a consortium of several contractors working together. Once these have been hired", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "the", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "the", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "the", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "the construction of a building, the municipal building inspector", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "a final inspection has been passed, an occupancy permit", + "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion", + "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$960 billion", + "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "6", + "572755b7708984140094dc50": "10", + "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a342", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "the UK", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "the UK. Some construction workers in the US/Canada have made more than $100,000 annually", + "572756fe708984140094dc71": "dangerous", + "572756fe708984140094dc72": "the United States and in the European Union. In 2009, the fatal occupational injury rate among construction workers", + "572756fe708984140094dc73": "the world, incurring more occupational", + "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": ", which makes the cost cheaper, depending on a talent the student may have (e.g. sport scholarship, art scholarship", + "572746addd62a815002e9a60": ", they retain the right to select their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition", + "572746addd62a815002e9a61": ", are not administered by local, state or national governments; thus, they retain the right to select their students", + "57274712708984140094dbad": "$", + "57274712708984140094dbae": "Annual tuition fees at K-12 schools range from nothing", + "57274712708984140094dbaf": "the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries", + "57274712708984140094dbb0": "never used of universities and other tertiary institutions. Private education in North America", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "year twelve", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "university-preparatory schools or \"prep schools", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "the location of the school", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "the school's financial endowment. High tuition, schools claim, is used to pay higher salaries for the best teachers", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic schools", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants, Jews, Muslims and the Orthodox Christians", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": ", while still maintaining a fine distinction between academics and religion. They include parochial schools", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "stricter discipline based on their power of expulsion", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "a compulsory blazer", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "the", + "57274971708984140094dbbb": "the best known independent schools also belong to the large, long-established religious foundations, such as the Anglican Church", + "57274971708984140094dbbc": "College", + "57274971708984140094dbbd": "St Aloysius' College", + "57274971708984140094dbbe": "Loreto", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "7, Paragraph 4", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "the", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "11.1%.", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%.", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "6.1%", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "forbids segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents (the so-called Sonderungsverbot", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Private Schools", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": ", which is why all German Ersatzschulen are additionally financed with public funds. The percentages of public money could reach 100%", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": ", these vocational schools are not part of the German dual education system. Erg\u00e4nzungss", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": ", these vocational schools are not part of the German dual education system. Erg\u00e4nzungss", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": ", these vocational schools are not part of the German dual education system. Erg\u00e4nzungss", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": ", which are run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "the power of both the union government and the state governments to govern schools since Education", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "the CBSE", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "the administration of the sector. Among other things, this has also resulted in 30 different Examination Boards", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "societies", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "the country, various studies have reported unpopularity of government schools and an increasing number of private schools. The Annual Status of Education Report", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Annual Status of Education Report", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "the country, various studies have reported unpopularity of government schools and an increasing number of private schools. The Annual Status of Education Report", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "ach", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "the world", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000 annually", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "Society of Jesus", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "Chinese", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "Type", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "60", + "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", + "57274e145951b619008f87e8": ", but many of them have the name \"Public School\" appended to them, e.g., the Galaxy Public School", + "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "the Galaxy Public School", + "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "English", + "57274e145951b619008f87eb": ", but as a compulsory subject, Nepali", + "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", + "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "88", + "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "3.7%", + "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "1979 and 1984", + "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "uckland", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Diocesan School for Girls", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Saint Kentigern College", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "the Society", + "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%", + "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "the Philippines, the private sector has been a major provider of educational services, accounting for about 7.5%", + "5727500f708984140094dbff": "80", + "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992", + "5727500f708984140094dc01": "education for third and fourth years with English, mathematics and natural science", + "572750df5951b619008f882f": "The Education Service Contracting scheme", + "572750df5951b619008f8830": "the government provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows. The Tuition Fee Supplement", + "572750df5951b619008f8831": ", including vocational and technical courses. The Private Education Student Financial Assistance", + "5727515f708984140094dc11": "1996", + "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", + "5727515f708984140094dc13": "1996", + "5727515f708984140094dc14": "the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools", + "5727515f708984140094dc15": "the early nineteenth century", + "57275409708984140094dc35": "the final years of the apartheid era", + "57275409708984140094dc36": "the", + "57275409708984140094dc37": ", and formerly model C schools tend to set much higher", + "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10%", + "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "30", + "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "700", + "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "the opportunity to choose the school they prefer. For instance, the biggest school chain", + "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "the same amount as municipal schools. Over 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008. Sweden", + "572756265951b619008f886d": "13", + "572756265951b619008f886e": "the UK prepare pupils aged up to 13 years old to enter public schools", + "572756265951b619008f886f": "9", + "572756265951b619008f8870": "13", + "572756265951b619008f8871": "\u00a327,000+", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "the United States, after the 1954", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "se", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "South", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v. Board of Education", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v. Board of Education", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "the", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "forbidden", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "forbidden", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter status", + "572759665951b619008f8883": "1852", + "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852", + "572759665951b619008f8885": "1972", + "572759665951b619008f8886": "268 U.S. 510 (1925", + "572759665951b619008f8887": "1976", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "the United States", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "the Groton School", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "the United States have a student body drawn from throughout the country, indeed the globe", + "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", + "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977", + "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James", + "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Association of American Universities in 1900", + "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "President Charles W. Eliot", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "the Harvard Library", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "79", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150", + "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "the Allston neighborhood", + "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37", + "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Charles River in the Allston", + "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven", + "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "36", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": ", the college was renamed Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "38", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "39", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "the early years the College trained many Puritan ministers", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "the early years the College trained many Puritan ministers.[citation needed] (A 1643 publication said the school's purpose was \"to advance learning", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "the early years the College trained many Puritan ministers.[citation needed] (A 1643 publication said the school's purpose was \"to advance learning", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "04", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "05", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions. Derived from William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "1933\u20131953) reinvigorated creative scholarship", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "the", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "the", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "Harvard", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "3 miles", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "twelve", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "nine", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "three are located in a residential neighborhood half a mile northwest of the Yard at the Quadrangle", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "the university's athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "John W. Weeks Bridge", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "School of Dental Medicine", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "fifty", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "a shuttle service and/or a tram", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": ", but surrounding community", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "1875", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1858", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "30", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "the most visible results of Harvard's attempt to re-balance its budget was their halting of construction of the $1.2 billion Allston Science Complex", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "4", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$159", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "the late 1980s", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "the late 1980s, student activists", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "the class of 2019, a record low and the second lowest acceptance rate among all national universities. Harvard College ended its early admissions program in 2007", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2016", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "seven", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "eight", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "The New York Times", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "September", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "Students graduating in the top 4\u20135%", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "90% in 2004 to 60%", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "57", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "nothing", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "$414 million", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "80", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "the world. Cabot Science Library", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "Pusey Library", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million volumes", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "the Fogg Museum of Art", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "second", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", + "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "every two years", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1875", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1906", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "the Yale", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "The Malkin Athletic Center", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "The Malkin Athletic Center", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three weight rooms", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "the two schools. It is held annually in June on the Thames River in eastern Connecticut", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", + "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "Ban Ki-moon", + "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "the", + "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres", + "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "Mackenzie King", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "O'Brien", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Shing-Tung Yau", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "the United States. Jacksonville is the principal city in the Jacksonville metropolitan area, with a population of 1,345", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "a", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "the banks of the St. Johns", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "the banks of the St. Johns River, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the Georgia state line and about 340 miles", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "the Timucua people", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "the United States", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": ", particularly tourism related to golf", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port. Its riverine location facilitates two", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "People from Jacksonville may be called \"Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "the United States, dating to 2500 BC", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "the 16th century, the beginning of the historical era", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "called", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "Jean", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "a stone column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "San Mateo", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "the St. Johns River in 1964", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "American Revolutionary War", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "the United States in 1821, American settlers on the north side of the Cow Ford", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "the north side of the Cow Ford", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Spain", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "9, 1832", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "the American Civil War, Jacksonville was a key supply point", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "The Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "the remainder of the war. In March 1864 a Confederate cavalry confronted a Union expedition resulting in the Battle of Cedar Creek", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "the remainder of the war. In March 1864 a Confederate cavalry confronted a Union expedition resulting in the Battle of Cedar Creek", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "March 1864 a Confederate cavalry confronted a Union expedition resulting in the Battle of Cedar Creek", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Grover Cleveland", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "the city on February 22, 1888 during his trip to Florida. This highlighted the visibility of the state as a worthy place", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "the late 19th century by yellow fever outbreaks. In addition, extension of the Florida East Coast Railway further south drew visitors to other areas", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "the late 19th century by yellow fever outbreaks. In addition, extension of the Florida East Coast Railway", + "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "the only landmarks to survive the fire. Governor Jennings declare martial law and sent the state militia to maintain order. On May 17 municipal authority resumed in Jacksonville", + "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "2", + "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "the previous site of the St. James Hotel that burned down, was built in 1912", + "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "1901", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "the course of the decade, more than 30 silent film studios", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "the course of the decade, more than 30", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Capital of the World", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "the course of the decade, more than 30 silent film studios were established, earning Jacksonville the title of \"Winter Film Capital", + "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of highways led residents to move to newer", + "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "55.1%", + "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "flight", + "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "the city of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new public building projects in the boom that occurred after the war. Mayor W. Haydon Burns", + "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "Jacksonville", + "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "the city's tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education", + "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs", + "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "1958", + "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "six", + "57281d494b864d19001644be": "the mid-1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials, who were mainly elected through the traditional old boy network", + "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", + "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates", + "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "the suburbs, who wanted more services and more control over the central city. In 1964 all 15 of Duval County", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "1967", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": ", 1968, the governments merged to create the Consolidated City", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "2000", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "the revenue", + "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 874.3 square miles", + "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "The St. Johns River divides", + "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "The Trout River", + "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "13.34%", + "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "town", + "572821274b864d1900164510": "the", + "572821274b864d1900164511": "the Barnett Center", + "572821274b864d1900164512": "6", + "572821274b864d1900164513": "42", + "572821274b864d1900164514": "37-story Wells Fargo Center", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "the United States, Jacksonville has a humid subtropical climate (K\u00f6ppen Cfa", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": ", and winters are typically mild and sunny", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "the United States, Jacksonville has a humid subtropical climate (K\u00f6ppen Cfa", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "1879", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "the", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "the", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "July", + "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "a dozen times", + "572824f13acd2414000df590": ", or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. The strongest effect on Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964", + "572824f13acd2414000df591": "2012", + "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Saffir-Simpson Scale", + "572824f13acd2414000df593": "2008", + "572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab", + "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821", + "572826634b864d19001645c0": "25", + "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Filipino", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "366", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "366", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "366", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "366", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "40", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "3", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "the world's wealth", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "the basis of the methodology used: by using net wealth (adding up assets and subtracting debts", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "the world have a combined wealth equal to that of the bottom 50%", + "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40", + "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "assets", + "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "$41 trillion", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "the world have a combined wealth equal to that of the bottom 50%", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "the United States and Western Europe than in China", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": ", according to the Institute for Policy Studies", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "New York Times", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "Inherited wealth", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": ", according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"over 60 percent\" of the Forbes richest 400 Americans", + "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "the United States now own more wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "60 percent\" of the Forbes richest 400 Americans \"grew up in substantial privilege", + "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Institute for Policy Studies", + "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "the distribution of", + "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "the distribution of", + "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "the", + "5727e9523acd2414000def99": ", in a market economy, inequality", + "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "economics", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "workers", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "economic actor", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "reflection", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition of capital, meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition of capital, meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "a downward pressure on wages. The substitution of capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation", + "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers", + "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition", + "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition of capital", + "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "the productivity", + "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "wages", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill. And therefore, inequality", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill. And therefore, inequality", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill. And therefore, inequality", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill. And therefore, inequality", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "the same way as prices", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "the other hand, markets", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "inequality", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": ", or a high level of risk. Competition amongst employers", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "a low wage", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "the nature of the job, since there is a relative shortage of workers for the particular position. Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job. A job where there are few able or willing workers (low supply", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job. A job where there are few able or willing workers (low supply", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job. A job where there are few able or willing workers (low supply", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job. A job where there are few able or willing workers (low supply", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job. A job where there are few able or willing workers (low supply", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "the nature of the job, since there is a relative shortage", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": ", most of it is often based on necessity", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment", + "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "the other hand, higher economic inequality", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "the other hand, higher economic inequality", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment", + "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "progressive", + "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "the level of inequality within a society", + "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "the level of inequality", + "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "the effects of such taxation", + "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "A progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of inequality within a society", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "the level of inequality within a society", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "the Gini index", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "the creation of inequality", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "the creation of inequality", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "a result, those who are unable to afford an education, or choose not to pursue optional education, generally receive much lower wages", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "poor", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "the creation of inequality", + "5729e1101d04691400779641": "the creation of inequality", + "5729e1101d04691400779642": "wages", + "5729e1101d04691400779643": "a result, those who are unable to afford an education, or choose not to pursue optional education, generally receive much lower wages", + "5729e1101d04691400779644": "incomes", + "5729e1101d04691400779645": ", and thus lower aggregate savings and investment. Conversely, education raises incomes and promotes growth because it helps to unleash the productive potential of the poor", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "education", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "the country", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "the", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "2014", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "education", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles", + "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", + "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "the price of skilled labor", + "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "the price of skilled labor", + "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "gender inequality in education", + "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "the price of skilled labor", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "an increase in skilled workers", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": ", thus creating a poverty trap", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "gender inequality in education", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "decline of union membership", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "continental European countries", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "the causes of economic inequality", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "decline of union membership", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "economic inequality", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "exclusion", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "the CEPR", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "the same time, the available evidence", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "the causes of economic inequality", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "nations with high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "inequality", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "decline of organized labor", + "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", + "5729e4291d04691400779651": "University of Washington", + "5729e4291d04691400779652": "University of Washington", + "5729e4291d04691400779653": "decline of organized labor", + "5729e4291d04691400779654": "nations", + "5729e4291d04691400779655": ", and concludes \"the historical pattern is clear; the cross-national pattern is clear: high inequality", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": ", while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages. Trade economist Paul Krugman", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": ", while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages. Trade economist Paul Krugman", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "the United States", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "technological innovation and automation", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "global to a domestic scale", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": ", while low-skilled workers", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": ", while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages. Trade economist", + "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "minor", + "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "technological innovation and automation", + "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53", + "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "40%", + "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "53%", + "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "the labor market. Several factors other than discrimination", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "53%", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "women", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell, in his book Knowledge and Decisions", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "a difference in earnings", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": ", which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income and introducing inequality. Eventually, through various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": ", through various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": ", which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income and introducing inequality", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": ", through various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist Simon Kuznets", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "economic inequality", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "capital", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "wealth", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": ", which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income and introducing inequality. Eventually, through various possible redistribution mechanisms", + "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "the 1970s. This does not necessarily disprove Kuznets", + "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "the 1970s", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "the 1970s. This does not necessarily disprove Kuznets", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "the 1970s. This does not necessarily disprove Kuznets", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Plotting the relationship between level of income and inequality", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "the Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "weak", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "the 1970s. This does not necessarily disprove Kuznets", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "effect", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities. According to this theory", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "the persistence of inequality", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "the persistence of inequality", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "the persistence of inequality", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "the persistence of inequality", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "the persistence of inequality", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "the persistence of inequality", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "the persistence of inequality", + "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "returns", + "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "forces", + "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist Joseph Stiglitz", + "5729f4e46aef051400155158": ", which may better be explained by the non-market force known as \"rent-seeking\". While the market will bid up compensation", + "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "the use of political power generated by wealth", + "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "Effects of inequality", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "economic growth", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "the top 21 industrialised countries, counting each person equally, life expectancy", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "inequality", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "-.907). A similar relationship exists among US states", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "negative", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "the United States and elsewhere", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic", + "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", + "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah and New Hampshire with high levels of equality", + "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "lower", + "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23", + "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "Japan", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "the world. Americans live no longer on average (about 77", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "equally", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "inequality", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Richard Wilkinson", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "nine", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "the US with larger income inequalities. Other studies have confirmed this relationship. The UNICEF index of \"child well-being in rich countries", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "inequality", + "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality in society", + "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", + "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "fifty", + "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "the amount of inequality", + "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "half", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "the greatest good", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "society", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": ", such as basic necessities", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "decreases", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "higher aggregate utility", + "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "consumption", + "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "libertarian Cato Institute", + "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", + "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas", + "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "Thomas B. Edsall", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "inequalities", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "the past\" \u2013 the Financial crisis", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "the American economy a tendency", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": ", but also the quality of a country", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "declines over the medium term", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": ", an increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent (the poor", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "poor", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "economists", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "inequality", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "Economist Joseph Stiglitz", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "the increasing importance of human capital in development. When physical capital mattered most, savings", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "Economist", + "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "the increasing importance of human capital in development. When physical capital mattered most, savings", + "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "the poor and invest it in physical capital. But now that human capital is scarcer than machines, widespread education", + "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993", + "572a11663f37b31900478694": "inequality", + "572a11663f37b31900478695": "the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels", + "572a11663f37b31900478696": "fertility", + "572a11663f37b31900478697": "societies tend to be politically and socially unstable", + "572a12381d0469140077972d": "inequality", + "572a12381d0469140077972e": "the", + "572a12381d0469140077972c": "Robert Barro, found that there is \"little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment", + "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard", + "572a12381d0469140077972f": "1960", + "572a13841d0469140077973b": "the Kuznets curve hypothesis", + "572a13841d0469140077973c": "the Kuznets curve hypothesis", + "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Thomas Piketty", + "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist Thomas Piketty", + "572a13841d0469140077973f": "wars", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "the 1970s", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "the 1970s established possible avenues through which inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "a few years\" but \"longer growth spells", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, it is becoming widely understood amongst the development community that special efforts must be made to ensure poorer sections of society", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "the existing level of inequality", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "60", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "United Nations", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "poverty", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "-legal property are failures to notarize transaction documents or having documents notarized but failing to have them recorded with the official agency", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "Much unregistered property is held in informal form through various associations and other arrangements", + "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "extra", + "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "200", + "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "-legal ownership include excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property and building, In some countries", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "shortage of affordable housing", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "rental units", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "1984", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "the US \u2013 is caused in part by income inequality", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "the US \u2013 is caused in part by income inequality", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": ", certain costs are difficult to avoid and are shared by everyone", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "finances", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "Secondly, aspirational consumption", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "the", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "inequality", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "waste and pollution", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "lower", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "the fact that as the poor people in the society", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "the fact that as the poor people in the society", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "the vast majority of the population is dependent on income in the form of a wage or salary. In order to rectify this situation, socialists", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "wealth", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "the vast majority of the population is dependent on income in the form of a wage or salary", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "the form of a wage or salary. In order to rectify this situation, socialists argue that the means of production should be socially", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "reflective", + "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert No", + "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "force", + "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "the form of taxation), and that the ideal moral society", + "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "the form of taxation), and that the ideal moral society would be one where all individuals are free from force", + "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "the full implications of his theory of justice", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "deprivation", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "economic", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "the level of their achieved well-being\u201d through increasing functionings (the things a person values doing), capabilities", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "the level of their achieved well-being\u201d through increasing functionings (the things a person values doing), capabilities", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "approach", + "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "a result, income and economic inequality", + "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "An old, ill man", + "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "customs", + "572a2224af94a219006aa826": ", or there could be rampant violence", + "572a2224af94a219006aa827": ", and agency and can thus work towards a better relevant income", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "the BBC", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": "1963", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "ARDIS", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "a blue British police box", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": "the BBC since 1963. The programme depicts the adventures of the Doctor, a Time Lord", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": "1963", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": "Russell T Davies", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": "a single pilot episode of K-9", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "the first five years of its revival, produced in-house by BBC Wales", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "the 21st century featured Christopher Eccleston", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "elve", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": "elve", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "2013", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "elve", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": "elve", + "5727f2583acd2414000df087": "the adventures of the primary character, a rogue Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey", + "5727f2583acd2414000df088": "the name \"The Doctor\". He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I Type 40 TARDIS", + "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "the name \"The Doctor\". He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I Type 40 TARDIS", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "the appearance of local objects", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": "the appearance of local objects as a disguise. However, the Doctor's TARDIS remains fixed as a blue", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "rarely travels alone", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "Master", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": "the ability to regenerate", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "humans", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": ", using only his ingenuity and minimal resources, such as his versatile sonic screwdriver", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": "23", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": "17:16:20", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": "17:16:20", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": "Terry", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": "25 minutes", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": "26", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": "the public perception of the show and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989 by Jonathan Powell, controller", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": "More Than 30 Years", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": "the decision not to commission a planned 27th series of the show for transmission in 1990, the BBC repeatedly affirmed that the series", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": "the public perception of the show and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": "the BBC and BBC Worldwide", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": "the United States, had approached the BBC about such a venture as early as July 1989", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": "1996", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": "9", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": "the United States", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": "\"Rose", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": "2005", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": "2009", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": "Chris Chibnall in 2018", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": "Christmas Day specials", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "1963", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": "2005 version of Doctor Who", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "1996", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "Batt", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": "Mission Impossible", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": "30", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": "eighty seconds", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": "eighty", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": "assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": "the coverage of the assassination, as well as a series of power blackouts across the country, and they broadcast it again on 30 November 1963", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "the point that in 1991 the Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "1991", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "the point that in 1991 the Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "scariest", + "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "Digital Spy", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": "the time. The same report found that 3%", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": "3%", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": "the survey in The Times newspaper, journalist Philip Howard", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": "Monopoly", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": "the survey in The Times newspaper", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": "the public's consciousness", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": "the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort of Herne Bay", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": "the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn, who lived in the resort of Herne Bay", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": "Metropolitan Police Authority", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "2002", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": "26", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": "6 December 1989", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": "12", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": "Master", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": "the original run, each weekly episode formed part of a story (or \"serial\")", + "572801823acd2414000df1fb": "2005", + "572801823acd2414000df1fc": ", with each series usually consisting of 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes", + "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "Christmas Day", + "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "episodes \"Journey's End\" from 2008", + "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "2010", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "826", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "25", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "eight", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "eight", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "2009", + "572803493acd2414000df229": "the BBC's archives (most notably seasons 3, 4, & 5, from which 79", + "572803493acd2414000df22a": "97", + "572803493acd2414000df22b": "79", + "572803493acd2414000df22c": "1978", + "572803493acd2414000df22d": "the BBC's archives (most notably seasons 3, 4, & 5, from which 79", + "572804522ca10214002d9b94": "archives", + "572804522ca10214002d9b95": "the archives of other countries who bought prints for broadcast, or by private individuals who acquired them by various means. Early", + "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "the exception of Marco Polo", + "572804522ca10214002d9b96": "8", + "572804522ca10214002d9b98": "the exception of Marco Polo", + "572805363acd2414000df26d": "the BBC", + "572805363acd2414000df26e": "the BBC on VHS, on MP3 CD-ROM, and as special features on DVD. The BBC, in conjunction with animation studio", + "572805363acd2414000df26f": "1968", + "572805363acd2414000df270": "Theta-Sigma, in collaboration with Big Finish", + "572805363acd2414000df271": "the BBC on VHS", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "appearance", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": "the", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "the main character", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "the show's history, as well as the depiction of alternative Doctors either from the Doctor's relative past or future.[citation needed]", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "the main character. This was first prompted by original star William Hartnell's poor health. The actual term \"regeneration", + "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "12", + "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "13", + "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "12", + "572808bf4b864d190016429d": "12", + "572808bf4b864d190016429e": "1996 TV film would later establish that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12", + "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": "John Hurt", + "572809ab4b864d19001642af": "the show's 50th anniversary special", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": "Michael Jayston portrayed the Valeyard", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": "1986", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": "twelfth", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": "incarnation of himself", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": "1973", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": "short", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": "the near future", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": "2013", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": "1999", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": "the 40th anniversary in 2003", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": "2010", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": "the series. Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": "2003", + "57280e323acd2414000df349": "the same episode depicts the prophesied \"Fall of the Eleventh", + "57280e323acd2414000df34a": "the programme's long history, there have been revelations about the Doctor that have raised additional questions. In The Brain of Morbius (1976", + "57280e323acd2414000df34b": "1983", + "57280e323acd2414000df34c": "venth", + "57280e323acd2414000df34d": "1983's 20th Anniversary special", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "An Unearthly Child", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": "Susan Foreman", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "the time they sleep in my mind\". The 2005", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "destroyed", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "the time they sleep in my mind\".", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "the course of the series. Companions are usually human, or humanoid aliens", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": "The only story", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "The companion figure", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "the roles of the companion is to remind the Doctor of his \"moral duty\". The Doctor's first companions seen on screen", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "a Time Lady", + "572811434b864d190016438c": "female", + "572811434b864d190016438d": "the first to travel with a married couple, Amy Pond", + "572811434b864d190016438e": "Eleventh", + "572811434b864d190016438f": "the main character of the", + "572811434b864d1900164390": "Catherine Tate", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": "Russell T Davies", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": "the show's 2005", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": "the show's 2005", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": "3", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": "Special", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": "the show's second serial in 1963", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "the show's second serial in 1963, are Doctor Who's oldest villains. The Daleks are Kaleds from the planet Skaro", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "the show's second serial in 1963", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": "the show's second serial in 1963, are Doctor Who's oldest villains. The Daleks are Kaleds from the planet Skaro, mutated", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": "the purpose of a hand, and a directed-energy weapon. Their main weakness", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "Master", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": "the role until his death in 1973. The Master was briefly played by Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers until Anthony Ainley", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": "Eric Roberts", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "the universe. Conceived as \"Professor Moriarty to the Doctor's Sherlock Holmes", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "Roger Delgado", + "572814882ca10214002d9d72": "the name of \"Missy\" (short for Mistress, the feminine equivalent of \"Master\"). This incarnation is played by Michelle Gomez", + "572814882ca10214002d9d73": "the 2007 episode \"Utopia", + "572814882ca10214002d9d74": "2014", + "572814882ca10214002d9d75": "Missy", + "572814882ca10214002d9d76": "Michelle", + "572816213acd2414000df429": "Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", + "572816213acd2414000df42a": "BBC Radiophonic Workshop, with assistance from Dick Mills", + "572816213acd2414000df42b": "the", + "572816213acd2414000df42c": "the", + "572816213acd2414000df42d": "the", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": "Peter Howell", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "the return of the series in 2005, Murray Gold provided a new arrangement which featured samples from the 1963", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": "the Seventh Doctor's era", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "the return of the series in 2005, Murray Gold", + "572817802ca10214002d9db4": "Christmas episode", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "Voyage of the Damned", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": "Classic FM", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": ", was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, \"Voyage of the Damned\"; Gold returned as composer for the 2010 series. He", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": "2011", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "Gold", + "572819864b864d190016447e": "the Doctor\".[note 6] In 1978 a disco version of the theme was released in the UK, Denmark and Australia by the group Mankind", + "572819864b864d190016447f": "1978", + "572819864b864d1900164480": "24", + "572819864b864d1900164481": "the Doctor\".[note 6] In 1978 a disco version of the theme was released in the UK, Denmark and Australia by the group Mankind", + "572819864b864d1900164482": "the Doctor\".[note 6] In 1978 a disco version of the theme was released in the UK, Denmark and Australia by the group Mankind", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "Dudley Simpson", + "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": "1964", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": "Dudley Simpson", + "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": ", including most of the stories of the Jon Pertwee/Tom Baker periods, ending with The Horns of Nimon (1979", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": "The Talons of Weng-Chiang (as a Music hall conductor", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": "the BBC National Orchestra of Wales", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "the first two series took place on 19 November 2006", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "2008", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "Music", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": "Murray Gold and Ben Foster", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "the first two", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": "the third and fourth series respectively. The fourth was released on 4 October 2010 as a two disc special edition and contained music from the 2008\u20132010 specials", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "A Christmas Carol", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": "8", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": ", and the current Doctor Who logo", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": ", and the current Doctor Who logo", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": ", and the current Doctor Who logo is used for all merchandise", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": "1973", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": ", and the current Doctor Who logo", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "John F. Kennedy", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": ", where it is regarded as a family show, drawing audiences of many millions of viewers; episodes are now repeated on BBC Three", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "late 1970s", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "1964", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "Three", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": "During the ITV network strike of 1979", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": "the time and was, according to the BBC Board of Control", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": "Coronation Street", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": "the time and was, according to the BBC Board of Control", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": "2005", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": "23 November (the actual date of the anniversary) on a number of PBS", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": "TVNZ in New Zealand", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": "12 May 1996 on CITV in Edmonton", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": "15", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": "23", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": ", having been exclusively first run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": "1983", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": "SyFy", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": "2003", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": "ABC) since January 1965", + "572825714b864d1900164590": "1976", + "572825714b864d1900164591": "1976", + "572825714b864d1900164592": "Space", + "572825714b864d1900164593": "a result of accusations", + "572825714b864d1900164594": "1979", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": "Christopher Eccleston", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": "excerpts", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": "Billie Piper", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": "9", + "572826762ca10214002d9f30": "9", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": "the United Kingdom", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": "Eight", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": "One episode of Doctor Who", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": "the 1970 story Spearhead from Space, released in July 2013", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "Only the series from 2009 onwards", + "572828383acd2414000df5c3": "the early 1970s, Trevor Martin", + "572828383acd2414000df5c4": "The Ultimate Adventure", + "572828383acd2414000df5c5": "The Curse", + "572828383acd2414000df5c6": "the run of a play titled Doctor Who \u2013 The Ultimate Adventure", + "572828383acd2414000df5c7": "the run of a play titled Doctor Who \u2013 The Ultimate Adventure. For two performances, while Pertwee was ill, David Banks", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": "the success of the 2005 series produced by Russell T Davies, the BBC commissioned Davies to produce a 13-part spin-off series titled Torchwood", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": "22 October 2006", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": "2008", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": "five", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": "the success of the 2005 series produced by Russell T Davies, the BBC commissioned Davies to produce a 13-part spin-off series titled Torchwood", + "57282f204b864d190016468a": "the death of Elisabeth Sladen", + "57282f204b864d190016468b": ", was developed by CBBC", + "57282f204b864d190016468c": "2009", + "57282f204b864d190016468d": "the main show by David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor. In 2010, a further such appearance featured Matt Smith", + "57282f204b864d190016468e": "the main show by David Tennant as the", + "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": "1993", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": "1993", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": "EastEnders", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": "the time, using a 3D system that made use of the Pulfrich effect requiring glasses with one darkened lens", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": "1993", + "572831512ca10214002da04a": "1999", + "572831512ca10214002da04b": "four", + "572831512ca10214002da04c": "Richard E. Grant", + "572831512ca10214002da04d": "Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley", + "572831512ca10214002da04e": "Steven Moffat, later to be head writer and executive producer", + "572833662ca10214002da086": "the form of clips from the programme. In a similar manner, the character of Oliver on Coupling", + "572833662ca10214002da087": "episodes", + "572833662ca10214002da088": "Que", + "572833662ca10214002da089": "the form of clips from the programme. In a similar manner, the character of Oliver", + "572833662ca10214002da08a": "young adult fantasy novels Brisingr and High Wizardry", + "572834524b864d1900164716": "1966", + "572834524b864d1900164717": "21", + "572834524b864d1900164718": "the Fourth Doctor. The first commercially available audiobook was an abridged reading of the Fourth Doctor story State of Decay", + "572834524b864d1900164719": "1981", + "572834524b864d190016471a": "1988", + "572835854b864d190016472e": "1999", + "572835854b864d190016472f": "the first time Big Finish created stories (in this case audi", + "572835854b864d1900164730": "Big Finish Productions", + "572835854b864d1900164731": "1999", + "572835854b864d1900164732": "2012", + "572836732ca10214002da0dc": "1991", + "572836732ca10214002da0dd": "the present day. From 1965 to 1991 the books published were primarily novelised adaptations of broadcast episodes", + "572836732ca10214002da0de": "1979", + "572836732ca10214002da0df": "Panini", + "572836732ca10214002da0e0": "BBC Books", + "572837402ca10214002da0f4": "the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s", + "572837402ca10214002da0f5": "BBC Television", + "572837402ca10214002da0f6": "producers", + "572837402ca10214002da0f7": "the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC", + "572838323acd2414000df737": "2006", + "572838323acd2414000df738": "2005\u20132010", + "572838323acd2414000df739": "2011", + "572838323acd2414000df73a": "Michelle Gomez became the first female", + "572838323acd2414000df73b": "the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for the series, getting a Best Supporting Actress nomination", + "57283a392ca10214002da118": "Guinness World Records", + "57283a392ca10214002da119": "largest ever simulcast of a TV drama", + "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "electronic", + "57283a392ca10214002da11b": "2013", + "57283a392ca10214002da11c": "50th anniversary special", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": "1975", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": "Doctor Who", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": "third", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "SFX magazine", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "eight", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": "five", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": "five", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": "25", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": "2009", + "57283ce72ca10214002da150": "the 2010 Mind Mental Health Media Awards for its \"touching\" portrayal of Vincent van Gogh", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": "six", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": "200", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": "hundred", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "Matt Smith", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "six", + "57283e652ca10214002da166": "Lenny Henry", + "57283e652ca10214002da167": "Jon Culshaw", + "57283e652ca10214002da168": "a soap sponge", + "57283e652ca10214002da16a": "the BBC Dead Ringers series. Doctor Who fandom has also been lampooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live", + "57283e652ca10214002da169": "BBC Dead Ringers series", + "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies", + "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890", + "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven", + "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four", + "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "approximately 5,000 students in the College", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "various academic disciplines", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "physics", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "Stagg Field", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "the University of Chicago Press", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", + "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "the American Baptist Education Society", + "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "John D. Rockefeller", + "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", + "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1891", + "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "Marshall Field", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Cobb Lecture Hall", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "100", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. Hutchinson (trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Commons", + "572843304b864d1900164848": "1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College", + "572843304b864d1900164849": "1896", + "572843304b864d190016484a": "grade of A", + "572843304b864d190016484b": "Several", + "572843304b864d190016484c": "1910", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Robert", + "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "the Common Core", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "the university's fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "1929", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "1929", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "early 1950s", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "the early 1950s, student applications declined", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "automatically", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "Hyde Park neighborhood", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood", + "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "1962", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "the 1960s, beginning in 1962", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1967", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "two", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies. After continued turmoil, a university committee in 1967", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "the mid-2000s", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "the Milton Friedman Institute", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "$200", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "Milton Friedman Institute", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G. Booth", + "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "the Main Quadrangles, were part of a \"master plan\" conceived by two University of Chicago", + "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six", + "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Henry", + "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen Tower", + "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Christ Church Hall", + "57284d484b864d1900164900": "the 1940s", + "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", + "57284d484b864d1900164902": "a series of arts buildings; a building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe", + "57284d484b864d1900164903": "the home of the Harris School of Public Policy Studies", + "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "campuses", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "Paris", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "fall 2010", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "near Renmin University", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015", + "5728501aff5b5019007da166": ", and the President of the university is Robert Zimmer", + "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50", + "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "fourteen", + "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Andrew Alper", + "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "March 2016 by Daniel Diermeier", + "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The Higher Learning Commission", + "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "four", + "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "seven", + "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "50", + "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "28", + "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "five", + "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "five", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "the Common Core", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "the most rigorous, intense learning experience", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "the University of Chicago", + "572855973acd2414000df925": "the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", + "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", + "572855973acd2414000df927": "four", + "572855973acd2414000df928": "the university's Urban Education Institute", + "572855973acd2414000df929": "the University of Chicago campus", + "572856beff5b5019007da190": "six", + "572856beff5b5019007da191": "9.8 million", + "572856beff5b5019007da192": "the Regenstein", + "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", + "572856beff5b5019007da194": "1", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "12", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "113 research centers", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "the Oriental Institute", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "the United States Department of Energy's national laboratory system, and has a joint stake in Fermilab", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "New Mexico", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "the site of some important experiments and academic movements. In economics", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "the Chicago Pile-1", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "the Miller\u2013Urey experiment", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953", + "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933", + "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "1933 and in Cinema & Media studies since 2000", + "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "1996", + "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "1996", + "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several thousand", + "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", + "572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468", + "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,984", + "572863363acd2414000df988": "5,792", + "572863363acd2414000df989": "19%", + "572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic Association (UAA", + "572864542ca10214002da2df": "NCAA's Division III", + "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", + "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "1935", + "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "1946", + "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "over 400", + "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "the University of Chicago run over 400 clubs and organizations known as Recognized Student Organizations (RSOs", + "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "the University of Chicago College Bowl Team", + "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe Off-Off Campus, and the university-", + "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "Off-Off Campus", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "the assistance of two Vice Presidents, one for Administration", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "$2 million", + "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "fifteen", + "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "seven", + "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Alpha Phi Omega", + "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four", + "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "Every May since 1987", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "1987", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Arts", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko, which include early morning exercise routines and fitness workshops", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Summer Breeze", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "CEO", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Larry Ellison", + "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "third richest man in America", + "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "the third richest man in America Larry Ellison, Goldman Sachs and MF Global CEO", + "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "McKinsey & Company founder and author of the first management accounting textbook James O. McKinsey", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "insky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Clinton", + "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork", + "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Masaaki", + "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "Bloom", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonnegut", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "Stud", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Kurt", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "the field of dance anthropology Katherine Dunham, Bungie", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo video game series", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "the 2014 documentary film Life Itself Roger Ebert, director, writer, and comedian Mike Nichols", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "the 2014 documentary film Life Itself Roger Ebert, director, writer, and comedian Mike Nichols", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "the creator of the Hamming Code, lithium-ion battery developer John B. Goodenough", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "John M. Grunsfeld", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Clair Cameron Patterson", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and Eugene Fama", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Margaret Thatcher", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson, the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and Eugene Fama, known for his work on portfolio theory", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "the psychological school of behaviorism, communication theorist Harold Innis, chess grandmaster Samuel Reshevsky", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Samuel P. Huntington", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "A. A. Michelson", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Arthur H. Compton", + "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists", + "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Edward Teller", + "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer", + "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James", + "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Alberto Calder\u00f3n", + "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Ted Fujita", + "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Yuan T. Lee", + "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Raghuram Rajan", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Chairman and CEO Hank Paulson", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "pale", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "\u5143\u671d", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "\u5143\u671d; pinyin: Yu\u00e1n Ch\u00e1o), officially the Great Yuan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "\u5143\u671d", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Khan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "71", + "572860e03acd2414000df977": "the name of the new dynasty as Great Yuan", + "572860e03acd2414000df978": "the name of the new dynasty as Great Yuan", + "572860e03acd2414000df979": "the name of the new dynasty as Great Yuan", + "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "the actual establishment of the Yuan dynasty by Kublai Khan in 1271", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "the sentence", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "\u4e7e\u5143", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "the Qing dynasty. Furthermore, the Yuan is sometimes known as the \"Empire of the Great Khan\" or \"Khanate of the Great Khan", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Khan", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "the steppes and became Great Khan", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "06", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "the reign of Genghis' third son, \u00d6gedei Khan", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "51", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "the reign of Genghis' third son, \u00d6gedei Khan", + "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "4", + "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Two", + "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Two", + "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10", + "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "4", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Han Chinese", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "i Tianze", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "the administration of the new state. Chagaan (Tsagaan) and Zhang Rou", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "ang Jou, \u5f35\u67d4", + "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "the Middle East in 1256. He died in 1259 without a successor. Kublai", + "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China", + "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "59", + "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "the Middle East in 1256. He died in 1259 without a successor", + "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongtong", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "the early years of Kublai Khan's reign. Ogedei's grandson", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "the south", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "the south. Kublai secured the northeast border in 1259 by installing the hostage prince Wonjong", + "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "the south. Kublai secured the northeast border in 1259", + "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262", + "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "compromise", + "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "the local administrative structure", + "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "three, later four, classes with the Han Chinese", + "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "three, later four", + "572869b84b864d19001649af": ", and maintaining the traditional monopolies on salt", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "the first year of the Great Yuan (Chinese: \u5927\u5143", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "the first year of the Great Yuan (Chinese: \u5927\u5143", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "64", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "Confucian propriety", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural growth", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "the West. Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from southern China", + "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "the West. Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from southern China", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "southern China", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Venetian merchant Marco Polo", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "south", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": ", while the newly established Jin dynasty (1115\u20131234) in the north appointed Kong Duanyou's brother Kong", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": ", while the newly established Jin dynasty (1115\u20131234) in the north appointed Kong Duanyou's brother Kong", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "the north appointed Kong Duanyou's brother Kong", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "the tradition of Mongol and Chinese imperialism. He renewed a massive drive against the Song dynasty to the south. Kublai besieged Xiangyang between 1268", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "the south. Kublai besieged Xiangyang between 1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture the rich Yangzi River basin", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "the battle of Yamen in 1279. The last Song emperor drowned", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "the Fujian region of China", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "81", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "the Fujian region of China", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng (1288", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "the Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng (1288", + "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", + "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "the end of Kublai's reign. Kublai originally named his eldest son, Zhenjin, as the Crown Prince", + "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "85", + "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Emperor Chengzong", + "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "the reign of Tem\u00fcr Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "the execution of five of the highest-ranking officials. Starting in 13", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng", + "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "the execution", + "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "the help of his newly appointed grand chancellor Baiju", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "21", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the help of his newly appointed grand chancellor Baiju. During his reign, the Da Yuan Tong Zhi", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "the support of Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr's favorite retainer Dawlat Shah", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "War", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "poison", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "the support of Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr's favorite retainer Dawlat Shah", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Tem\u00fcr, Tugh Tem\u00fcr is known for his cultural", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "29", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "the spring of 1329", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "the fact that the bureaucracy was dominated by El Tem\u00fcr, Tugh Tem\u00fcr", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "32", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "nine", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "the Liao, Jin, and Song", + "572872822ca10214002da374": "the Yuan dynasty", + "572872822ca10214002da375": ", and bitterness among the populace. In time, Kublai Khan's successors lost all influence on other Mongol lands across Asia", + "572872822ca10214002da376": "separated from both the army and the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da377": ", and China was torn by dissension and unrest. Outlaws", + "572872822ca10214002da378": ", they lost influence in China as well. The reigns of the later Yuan emperors", + "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "the late 1340s onwards, people in the countryside", + "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "Red Turban Rebellion", + "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "54", + "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "the", + "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "the late 1340s onwards", + "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "the Yuan dynasty", + "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "cultural", + "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "ally and subordinate in Persia", + "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "the Yuan dynasty", + "572879574b864d1900164a14": "the hope of maintaining order over Han society. Advances were realized in the fields of travel literature, cartography, geography", + "572879574b864d1900164a15": "the period of disunity, were reinstated by the Yuan court, probably in the hope of maintaining order over Han society", + "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Tao", + "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian governmental practices and examinations based on the Classics, which had fallen into disuse in north China", + "572879574b864d1900164a18": "the hope of maintaining order over Han society. Advances were realized in the fields of travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "the Great Khan, and of life there astounded the people of Europe. The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Million", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Il milione (or, The Million", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione (or, The Million", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "Marco Polo", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Shoujing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "astronomer Guo Shoujing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "granaries", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "China", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "The Yuan dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "the Eternal Heaven", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "the other hand, the Yuan dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "the other hand, the Yuan dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "the other hand, the Yuan dynasty", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "elements from different cultures", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "the reign of K\u00fcl\u00fcg Khan or Emperor Wuzong", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "the first decade of Kublai's reign. This government adopted the traditional Chinese tripartite division of authority", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "Six Ministries), was created in China. At various times another central government institution called the Department of State Affairs", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "the Privy Council", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Justice", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "Privy Council", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "69", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "the end of the dynasty. Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "a Tangut concubine", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "Emperor Wenzong", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "91", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "the same time he never abandoned his Mongolian heritage", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "the important cultural developments during the Yuan era", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "vernacular Chinese into both the qu form of poetry", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "the important cultural developments during the Yuan era", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "the important cultural developments during the Yuan era", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "vernacular Chinese into both the qu form of poetry", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "the western khanates", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": ", unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "Zhu Shijie", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "Zhu Shijie", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "Zhu Shijie", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "3", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "the first mathematicians in China to work on spherical trigonometry. Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "a cubic interpolation formula", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "the Shoushi Li", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Calendar", + "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "81", + "572881022ca10214002da416": "non-Mongol physicians called otachi", + "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal remedies", + "572881022ca10214002da418": ", which was distinguished from the spiritual cures", + "572881022ca10214002da419": "the Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "572881022ca10214002da41a": "Confucian scholars", + "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four Great Schools", + "572881704b864d1900164a51": "the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools", + "572881704b864d1900164a52": "the same intellectual foundation, but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine", + "572881704b864d1900164a53": "the same intellectual foundation, but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine", + "572881704b864d1900164a54": "47", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": ", where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": ", where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": ", but it is possible that the Chinese had access to Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "yin-yang and wuxing philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine", + "572882242ca10214002da420": "the first printed works sponsored by the Mongols. In 1273, the Mongols created the Imperial Library Directorate", + "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen's Nong Shu", + "572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century", + "572882242ca10214002da423": "the name of T\u00f6regene Khatun", + "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "the more notable applications of printing technology was the chao", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "bark", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "the more notable applications of printing technology was the chao, the paper money of the Yuan. Chao", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "the more notable applications of printing technology was the chao, the paper money of the Yuan. Chao", + "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "Politically, the system of government", + "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Politically, the system of government", + "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "the early 14th century. In general there were very few North Chinese", + "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "the use of \"barbarians\" in his government, the Yongle Emperor answered: \"... Discrimination was used by the Mongols during the Yuan dynasty", + "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "the use of \"barbarians\" in his government, the Yongle Emperor answered: \"... Discrimination was used by the Mongols during the Yuan dynasty", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "the power of the local peoples of both lands. Han Chinese", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "the power of the local peoples of both lands. Han Chinese", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "the war fighting the Mongols, among the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's armies was the Hui Muslim Feng Sheng", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices like circumcision, as well as Kosher butchering for Jews", + "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "the war fighting the Mongols, among the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's armies was the Hui Muslim Feng Sheng", + "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "the Mongols and defeated them in combat. Some Muslim communities had a Chinese surname which meant \"barracks", + "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "the war fighting the Mongols, among the Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's armies was the Hui Muslim Feng Sheng", + "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "the term \"social classes", + "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "the term \"social classes\" for this system was misleading", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": ", so a person's standing within the classes", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": ", so a person's standing within the classes", + "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Southern Chinese", + "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Southern Chinese", + "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "Southern Chinese", + "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "The Northern Chinese", + "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": ", who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "last", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "Kara-Khanid ruler", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": ", who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King", + "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "the north of the Yellow River, was considered the most important region of the dynasty", + "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "the Central Secretariat", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Zhongshu Sheng", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "modern Beijing", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": "k", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": "East African Community", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": "Nairobi", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": "the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": "45", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": "the", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": "cooler", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Mount Kenya", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "the neighboring western region. The north-eastern regions", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": "the", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": "the continent, representing most major ethnolinguistic groups found in Africa. Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97%", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": "the first millennium AD", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": "97%", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "19th century", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": "1963", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": "Mount Kenya", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "the Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words Kirinyaga, Kirenyaa", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": ", then the British may not so much have mispronounced it ('Keenya", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": "Kenia", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "the actual meaning of the word Kenya", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": "Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": "Mt. Kenia, 1862", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "Five", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": "the country. The annual animal migration", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "Five", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "the country. The annual animal migration occurs between June", + "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "2,900 kilometres", + "5728fa576aef051400154920": "20 million years ago", + "5728fa576aef051400154921": "the Pleistocene", + "5728fa576aef051400154922": "1984", + "5728fa576aef051400154923": "1.6", + "5728fa576aef051400154924": "Mary Leakey and Louis Leakey", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "The Swahili", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": "Mombasa", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "Duarte Barbosa", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": "the centuries, the Kenyan Coast has played host", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": "City of Malindi. It has remained an important Swahili settlement", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": "14th century", + "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": "the outbreak of World War I in August", + "5729024f1d04691400778f60": "truce", + "5729024f1d04691400778f61": "Paul", + "5729024f1d04691400778f62": "Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", + "5729024f1d04691400778f63": "fourteen", + "572903d96aef0514001549a4": "the", + "572903d96aef0514001549a5": "the 1950s", + "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "the 1950s", + "572903d96aef0514001549a7": "80", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "15 January 1954", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "the end of the emergency, the Home Guard had killed 4,686 Mau Mau, amounting to 42%", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "24", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": "4,686 Mau Mau, amounting to 42", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "the Swynnerton Plan", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "1957", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": "Jomo Kenyatta", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "the Protectorate of Kenya each came to an end on 12 December 1963", + "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "the United Kingdom. Exactly 12 months later on 12 December 1964, Kenya became a republic under the name \"Republic of Kenya", + "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "Exactly 12 months later on 12 December 1964, Kenya became a republic under the name \"Republic of Kenya", + "572909406aef0514001549dc": "the advent of the mlolongo (queuing) system", + "572909406aef0514001549dd": "the advent of the mlolongo (queuing) system", + "572909406aef0514001549de": "the following years. In democratic, multiparty elections in 1992 and 1997", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": "the", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": "President", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": "the government", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate. The Judiciary", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": "139th", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": "27/100", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "139th", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "the prevalence", + "57290d811d04691400778fcf": "the Party of National Unity", + "57290d811d04691400778fd0": "the Party of National Unity ran for re-election against the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement", + "57290d811d04691400778fd1": "the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). The elections were seen to have been flawed", + "57290d811d04691400778fd2": "the Party of National Unity ran for re-election against the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). The elections were seen to", + "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": "the future, said Agnes R. M. Aboum \u2013 executive director of TAABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi", + "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", + "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": "Evangelical Lutheran Church", + "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": "the future, said Agnes R. M. Aboum \u2013 executive director of TAABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi", + "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": "28 February 2008", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": "the formation of a coalition government in which Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": "the formation of a coalition government in which Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister. Under the deal, the president would appoint cabinet ministers", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": "the formation of a coalition government in which Odinga would become Kenya", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": "the formation of a coalition government in which Odinga would become Kenya", + "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "the PM", + "57290f963f37b31900477fec": "the party or coalition with majority members in Parliament. The world watched Annan and his UN-backed panel and African Union chairman Jakaya Kikwete", + "57290f963f37b31900477fed": "the steps of Nairobi's Harambee House. On 29 February 2008", + "57290f963f37b31900477fee": "29", + "57290f963f37b31900477fef": "the steps of Nairobi's Harambee House. On 29 February 2008", + "572913626aef051400154a30": "A constitutional change was considered", + "572913626aef051400154a31": "4", + "572913626aef051400154a32": ", accompanied by a 21", + "572913626aef051400154a33": "27", + "572913626aef051400154a34": "27", + "572914441d04691400779025": "December", + "572914441d04691400779026": "the National Assembly under acrimonious circumstances", + "572914441d04691400779027": "the National Assembly under acrimonious circumstances", + "572914441d04691400779028": "the National Assembly under acrimonious circumstances", + "572914441d04691400779029": "governments", + "572914f46aef051400154a46": "the summer, Kenyatta", + "572914f46aef051400154a47": "US President Barack Obama", + "572914f46aef051400154a48": "China", + "572914f46aef051400154a49": "July 2015", + "572915621d0469140077902f": "the world", + "572915621d04691400779030": "December 2007 and the violence that subsequently engulfed the country, a commission of inquiry", + "572915621d04691400779031": "the world. Further, in the aftermath of the national elections of December", + "572915e43f37b31900478005": "the country, have been tainted by corruption allegations", + "572915e43f37b31900478006": "the country, have been tainted by corruption allegations", + "572915e43f37b31900478007": ", and thus less subject to public scrutiny and notoriety. This has changed recently. In what are by Kenyan standards unprecedented revelations, in 2010, credible", + "572915e43f37b31900478008": "the wisdom", + "572916f16aef051400154a56": "0.519", + "572916f16aef051400154a57": "the world. As of 2005, 17.7%", + "572916f16aef051400154a58": "less than $1.25", + "572916f16aef051400154a59": "a frontier market or occasionally an emerging market", + "572917743f37b3190047800d": "telecommunication", + "572917743f37b3190047800f": "-developed economies that have not attained food security \u2013 an important catalyst", + "572917743f37b31900478010": "Industry", + "572917743f37b3190047800e": "75", + "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "61", + "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": "61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism", + "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "the", + "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "%", + "572917ff6aef051400154a61": "Germany", + "572918bd3f37b31900478016": "24", + "572918bd3f37b31900478017": "tea", + "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "Agriculture", + "572918bd3f37b31900478018": "the two most valuable of all of Kenya's exports. The production of major food staples such as corn is subject to sharp weather-related fluctuations", + "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "International Crops Research Institute", + "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "pigeon", + "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "Success", + "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "20\u201325%", + "57291a7b1d04691400779043": ", helped to increase local producer prices by 20\u201325%", + "57291b461d04691400779049": "fertile highlands", + "57291b461d0469140077904a": "the country has not attained the level of investment and efficiency in agriculture that can guarantee food security and coupled with resulting poverty (53%", + "57291b461d0469140077904b": "the north and east", + "57291b461d0469140077904c": "53% of the population", + "57291b461d0469140077904d": "August and September 2011 prompting the Kenyans for Kenya", + "57291beb1d04691400779053": "Although Kenya", + "57291beb1d04691400779054": "14", + "57291beb1d04691400779055": "three largest urban centres", + "57291beb1d04691400779056": "the African Great Lakes region, manufacturing still accounts for only 14%", + "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "the", + "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "2000", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "the name of Kenya Power Company, handles the generation of electricity, while Kenya", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "the name of Kenya Power Company, handles the generation of electricity, while Kenya", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": "1997", + "57291f153f37b31900478043": ", has no strategic reserves and relies solely on oil marketers' 21-day oil reserves required under industry regulations. Petroleum accounts for 20% to 25%", + "57291f153f37b31900478044": "10", + "57291f153f37b31900478045": "Exploration", + "57291f153f37b31900478046": "20% to 25%", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": "$", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": "the time of President Kenyatta's 2013 trip to Beijing", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": ", and ... bilateral trade ... reached $2.84 billion\" in 2012. Kenyatta was \"[a]ccompanied by 60", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": "the time of the trip. Base Titanium, a subsidiary of Base resources of Australia, shipped its first major consignment of minerals to China", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": "the time of President Kenyatta", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": "Vision 2030", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": "the Government of Kenya", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": "the Government of Kenya", + "57292046af94a219006aa0be": "the same league as the Asian Economic Tigers by the year 2030. In 2013, it launched a National Climate Change Action Plan", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": "the coming months. This will create a direct and robust delivery framework", + "572920d73f37b31900478055": "the lack of access to education and weak government institutions. Kenya has ratified Convention No. 81 on labour inspection", + "572920d73f37b31900478056": "30", + "572920d73f37b31900478057": "9", + "572920d73f37b31900478058": "the", + "572921646aef051400154a78": "mother tongues", + "572921646aef051400154a79": "English", + "572921646aef051400154a7a": "the country. Additionally, a distinct local dialect, Kenyan English", + "572921646aef051400154a7b": "British English", + "572922206aef051400154a8a": "83", + "572922206aef051400154a8b": "83", + "572922206aef051400154a8c": "3", + "572922206aef051400154a8d": "Nairobi", + "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": "2.4%.", + "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "ixty", + "57292449af94a219006aa0df": ", while 73% are Sunni. Western areas of the Coast Region are mostly Christian", + "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "the country's Muslims, where they constitute the majority religious group. In addition", + "572924b53f37b31900478067": "Nurses", + "572924b53f37b31900478068": "the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, in 2011 there were 65,000 qualified nurses", + "572924b53f37b31900478069": "65", + "572924b53f37b3190047806a": "7", + "572925491d046914007790c3": "ases", + "572925491d046914007790c4": "Half", + "572925491d046914007790c5": "Preventable diseases", + "572925491d046914007790c6": "the public health sector", + "572925491d046914007790c7": "15", + "572925a81d046914007790cd": "British colonists", + "572925a81d046914007790ce": "12 December 1963", + "572925a81d046914007790cf": "the Ominde Commission", + "572925a81d046914007790d0": "the time. Changes in the subject content of history and geography", + "572925a81d046914007790d1": "7", + "572926086aef051400154ac2": "1981", + "572926086aef051400154ac3": "the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya", + "572926086aef051400154ac4": "7", + "572926086aef051400154ac5": "1992", + "572926653f37b31900478079": "January 1985", + "572926653f37b3190047807a": "8\u20134\u20134 system was launched in January 1985. It put more emphasis on vocational subjects", + "572926653f37b3190047807b": "8\u20134\u20134 system was launched in January 1985. It put more emphasis on vocational subjects", + "572926653f37b3190047807c": "2003", + "572926653f37b3190047807d": "70%.", + "572926d23f37b31900478083": "six", + "572926d23f37b31900478084": "12", + "572926d23f37b31900478085": "the university and study for four years. Graduates from the polytechnics and colleges can then join the workforce and later obtain a specialised higher diploma", + "572926d23f37b31900478086": "the second or third year of their respective course. The higher diploma is accepted by many employers in place of a", + "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "85", + "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "three to five", + "5729276c1d046914007790d9": "Preschool, which targets children from age three to five, is an integral component of the education system and is a key requirement", + "5729276c1d046914007790da": "the end of primary education, pupils sit the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE", + "5729276c1d046914007790db": "the end of Form Four \u2013 the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE", + "572927d06aef051400154ade": "the Kenya National Library Service", + "572927d06aef051400154adf": "Services", + "572927d06aef051400154ae0": "Services", + "572927d06aef051400154ae1": "the central business district of Nairobi. A public library is seen as a peoples", + "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": "the world of distance running", + "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "the world of distance running, although competition from Morocco and Ethiopia has reduced this supremacy. Kenya", + "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "the world of distance running", + "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "-time women's Boston Marathon winner and two-time world champion Catherine Ndereba", + "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "six", + "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "six", + "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "the women's 800", + "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "Henry Rono's spectacular string of world record performances. Lately", + "572928bf6aef051400154af4": "the 1970s and was followed by Commonwealth Champion Henry", + "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": "Africa", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": "the past decade.[citation needed] The women's team has competed at the Olympics and World Championships but without any notable success. Cricket", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": "the World's best teams and reached semi-finals of the 2003 tournament", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": "Rakep Patel", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": "March 2007", + "57292994af94a219006aa131": "the world famous Safari Rally", + "57292994af94a219006aa132": "the world famous Safari Rally", + "57292994af94a219006aa133": "the best rally drivers", + "572929d56aef051400154b0a": "three", + "572929d56aef051400154b0b": "10 o'clock", + "572929d56aef051400154b0c": "the morning (kiamsha kinywa", + "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "the morning (kiamsha kinywa), lunch in the afternoon", + "57293b843f37b31900478133": "the United Nations", + "57293b843f37b31900478134": "1988", + "57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere", + "57293b843f37b31900478136": "UNFCCC", + "57293b843f37b31900478137": "43/53", + "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "orean economist", + "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "the election of the new IPCC Bureau. Before this election, the IPCC was led by his vice-Chair Ismail El Gizouli", + "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Bert Bolin", + "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "February", + "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "the level of government representatives. Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations may be allowed to attend as observers. Sessions", + "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350", + "57293c246aef051400154bba": "the level of government representatives. Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations may be allowed to attend as observers. Sessions", + "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "350", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "1989", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "the cost of the Depute Secretary", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Costs of the Secretary", + "57293d116aef051400154bc8": ", and industry journals. Each subsequent IPCC report notes areas where the science", + "57293d116aef051400154bc9": ", and industry journals. Each subsequent IPCC report notes areas where the science", + "57293d116aef051400154bca": "-governmental organizations, and industry journals", + "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "the", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "two", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "ten to fifteen", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "a number of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material. A chapter typically has two \"coordinating lead authors\", ten to fifteen", + "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "a somewhat larger number of \"contributing authors\". The coordinating lead authors are responsible for assembling", + "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": ", and reporting to the Working Group chairs", + "57293e221d046914007791d5": "the", + "57293e221d046914007791d6": "the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases", + "57293e221d046914007791d7": "the Earth's surface. They calculate with confidence that CO2 has been responsible for over half", + "57293e221d046914007791d8": "the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases", + "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0", + "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "2001", + "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16", + "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Science", + "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "90", + "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "1", + "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", + "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "the", + "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "the", + "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "John Houghton, who was a co-chair", + "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "the world's governments, and that any changes to the SPM must be supported by scientific evidence", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "the same procedures as for IPCC Assessment Reports", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "the year 2011", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "the year 2011", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "the year 2011 two", + "572940246aef051400154bec": ", such as the Data Distribution Centre", + "572940246aef051400154bed": "the UNFCCC. This involves publishing default emission factors", + "572940246aef051400154bee": "the levels of fuel consumption", + "572940246aef051400154bef": "UNEP Governing Council resolutions", + "572940973f37b319004781a5": "the date", + "572940973f37b319004781a6": ", while reaffirming that the conclusion in the final summary was robust. They expressed regret", + "572940973f37b319004781a7": "2035", + "572940973f37b319004781a8": "2035", + "572941273f37b319004781ad": "chairman", + "572941273f37b319004781ae": "the direction of making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact. That is worrying", + "572941273f37b319004781af": "a climate expert", + "572941273f37b319004781b0": "Himal", + "572941273f37b319004781b1": ", said that \"What began with a single unfortunate error over Himalayan glaciers has become a clamour without substance\" and the IPCC had investigated", + "57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999", + "57294209af94a219006aa202": "a", + "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", + "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99), which has been referred to as the \"hockey stick graph", + "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900", + "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Science and Environmental Policy Project", + "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "the American people\". The data and methodology used to produce the \"hockey stick graph", + "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "the American people\". The data and methodology used to produce the \"hockey stick graph", + "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "18 July 2000", + "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations", + "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23", + "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert, chairman", + "572943ab1d0469140077921d": ", which was generally correct. In a 2006 letter to Nature, Mann", + "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2001", + "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", + "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten", + "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "a wider area, using a variety of statistical methods. The section discussed the divergence problem affecting certain tree ring data", + "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "Ten", + "572945b11d0469140077922f": "1", + "572945b11d04691400779230": "the last IPCC report in 2001", + "572945b11d04691400779231": "the last IPCC report in 2001", + "572945b11d04691400779232": "the last IPCC report in 2001", + "572949306aef051400154c68": "the IPCC, far from overstating dangers", + "572949306aef051400154c69": "2001", + "572949306aef051400154c6a": "the IPCC itself in its Third Assessment Report, published in 2001", + "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "the IPCC and coordinating lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report conceded in Science Magazine's State of the Planet 2008-2009", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Science", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "the IPCC and coordinating lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report conceded in Science Magazine's State of the Planet 2008-2009", + "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "the Montreal Protocol", + "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "the efficiency of the IPCC process. The lockstep situation of the IPCC is having built a broad science consensus while states and governments", + "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "states and governments", + "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "the ozone depletion case", + "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "the distribution of emission reductions remain an unsolved problem", + "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing conflicts", + "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "the UK government", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "the basis of scientific papers", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies, and its schedule for producing reports requires a deadline for submissions", + "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "the ultimate authority on the science", + "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five", + "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "Nature", + "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "a", + "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", + "572953013f37b3190047824d": ", and the immune response in plants. The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from 1 in algae up to 100", + "572953013f37b3190047824e": "energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH", + "572953013f37b3190047824f": "energy-storage molecules", + "572953013f37b31900478250": "the Calvin cycle", + "572953013f37b31900478251": "1", + "5729544c3f37b31900478257": ", and occasionally pinch in two", + "5729544c3f37b31900478258": "environmental", + "5729544c3f37b31900478259": ", and occasionally pinch in two", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": ", which is thought to be inherited from their ancestor", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": ", and occasionally pinch in two", + "572956c86aef051400154d1a": ", where an aerobic prokaryote was engulfed. This origin of chloroplasts", + "572956c86aef051400154d1b": ", where an aerobic prokaryote was engulfed. This origin of chloroplasts was first suggested by the Russian biologist", + "572956c86aef051400154d1c": ", where an aerobic prokaryote was engulfed. This origin of chloroplasts was first suggested by the Russian biologist", + "572956c86aef051400154d1d": "1905", + "572956c86aef051400154d1e": "cyan", + "572957361d046914007792cf": "Cyanobacteria", + "572957361d046914007792d0": "the", + "572957361d046914007792d2": "the", + "572957361d046914007792d3": "a peptidoglycan cell wall, which is thicker", + "572957361d046914007792d1": "the", + "572957ad1d046914007792d9": "cyan", + "572957ad1d046914007792da": "billion years ago", + "572957ad1d046914007792db": "innermost lipid-bilayer membranes that surround all chloroplasts", + "572957ad1d046914007792dc": ", and not the phagosomal membrane", + "572957ad1d046914007792dd": ", which allowed it to live within it. Over time", + "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "the same thing as chloroplast). All primary chloroplasts belong to one of three chloroplast lineages", + "5729582b1d046914007792e4": "the same thing as chloroplast). All primary chloroplasts belong to one of three", + "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "the same thing as chloroplast). All primary chloroplasts belong to one of three", + "5729582b1d046914007792e6": "green", + "5729582b1d046914007792e7": "the same thing as chloroplast). All primary chloroplasts belong to one of three", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "the first organisms to contain a chloroplast. The glaucophyte chloroplast group is the smallest of the three", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": "The alga", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "the first organisms", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "a", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": "the first organisms", + "57295a116aef051400154d44": "the cytoplasm of the red alga", + "57295a116aef051400154d45": "the cytoplasm of the red alga", + "57295a116aef051400154d46": "the cytoplasm of the red alga", + "57295a116aef051400154d47": "the cytoplasm of the red alga", + "57295a116aef051400154d48": "the cytoplasm of the red alga", + "57295b5b1d04691400779315": ", though some aren't, like some forms of H\u00e6matococcus", + "57295b5b1d04691400779316": ", though some aren't, like some forms of H\u00e6matococcus pluvialis, due to accessory pigments", + "57295b5b1d04691400779317": ", and have replaced it with an intermembrane space. Some plants seem to have kept the genes", + "57295b5b1d04691400779318": ", though they've been repurposed for use in chloroplast division", + "57295b5b1d04691400779319": ", though some aren't, like some forms of H\u00e6matococcus", + "572961f61d04691400779359": "three", + "572961f61d0469140077935a": "three", + "572961f61d0469140077935b": "the beginning of this story. The engulfed alga was broken down, leaving only its chloroplast, and sometimes its cell membrane and nucleus", + "572961f61d0469140077935c": "three", + "572961f61d0469140077935d": "the beginning of this story. The engulfed alga was broken down, leaving only its chloroplast", + "572962953f37b319004782f5": "the form of paramylon, which is contained in membrane-bound granules in the cytoplasm of the euglenophyte", + "572962953f37b319004782f6": "the form of paramylon, which is contained in membrane-bound granules in the cytoplasm of the euglenophyte", + "572962953f37b319004782f7": "three", + "572962953f37b319004782f8": "Starch", + "572962953f37b319004782f9": "three", + "572963221d04691400779385": "the place that corresponds to the red alga", + "572963221d04691400779386": "the place that corresponds to the red alga", + "572963221d04691400779387": "the place that corresponds to the red alga", + "572963221d04691400779388": ", which is stored in granules found in the periplastid space", + "572963221d04691400779389": "Inside cryptophyte chloroplasts is a pyrenoid and thylakoids in stacks of two", + "572963876aef051400154dd2": ", but it is now known that the helicosproida are green algae", + "572963876aef051400154dd3": ", but it is now known that the helicosproida are green algae", + "572963876aef051400154dd4": "the malaria parasite", + "572963876aef051400154dd5": "a vestigial red algal derived chloroplast called an apicoplast", + "572963876aef051400154dd6": "cy", + "5729645b3f37b31900478321": "fatty acids", + "5729645b3f37b31900478322": "the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to cure apicomplexan-related diseases", + "5729645b3f37b31900478323": ", and carry out part of the heme pathway. This makes the apicoplast", + "5729645b3f37b31900478324": ", and carry out part of the heme pathway. This makes the apicoplast", + "5729645b3f37b31900478325": "four", + "572965566aef051400154e00": ", along with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c2. Peridinin is not found in any other group of chloroplasts", + "572965566aef051400154e01": ", along with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c2. Peridinin is not found in any other group of chloroplasts", + "572965566aef051400154e02": "triple", + "572965566aef051400154e03": "three membranes (occasionally two), having lost the red algal endosymbiont's original cell membrane", + "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "ages", + "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "ages", + "572965e73f37b3190047832d": "four", + "572965e73f37b3190047832e": "six membraned chloroplast, adding the haptophyte's cell membrane and the dinophyte", + "572966626aef051400154e13": "a cryptophyte", + "572966626aef051400154e14": "stripped", + "572966626aef051400154e12": ", so it is possible (but not confirmed) that the Dinophysis chloroplast is a kleptoplast", + "572966626aef051400154e15": "stripped", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": ", and of course, red algal derived chloroplasts", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": "a diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "five", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": "five", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": ", and of course, red algal derived chloroplasts", + "572967e31d046914007793b1": "the dinophyte nucleus", + "572967e31d046914007793b2": "the only dinophyte that has a chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage", + "572967e31d046914007793b3": "the only dinophyte", + "572967e31d046914007793b4": "the only dinophyte", + "572967e31d046914007793b5": "the only dinophyte", + "5729686d1d046914007793c1": "the nucleus of their host. About 0.3\u20130.8%", + "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "the nucleus of their host. About 0.3\u20130.8%", + "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "about a million", + "5729686d1d046914007793c4": "around 850", + "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "a million", + "572968cf1d046914007793cb": "DNA", + "572968cf1d046914007793cc": ", and first sequenced in 1986\u2014when two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast", + "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "1962", + "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "1986", + "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "1986", + "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": "few mutations", + "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "the genomes of cyanobacteria and the other two chloroplast lineages (glaucophyta", + "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "the genomes of cyanobacteria and the other two chloroplast lineages (glaucophyta", + "572969f51d046914007793dd": "the 1970s. The results of the microscopy experiments led to the idea that chloroplast DNA", + "572969f51d046914007793de": "two main models", + "572969f51d046914007793e0": "a Cairns replication intermediate", + "572969f51d046914007793df": "the idea that chloroplast DNA replicates using a double displacement loop (D-loop", + "572969f51d046914007793e1": "the idea that chloroplast DNA replicates using a double displacement loop (D-loop", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": ", and thus at risk for A \u2192 G deamination", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": ", and thus at risk for A \u2192 G deamination", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": ", a second theory suggests that most cpDNA is actually linear", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": ", a second theory suggests that most cpDNA is actually linear", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": ", or other complex structures", + "57296ab93f37b31900478369": "bacter", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": ", then a D-loop mechanism of replication", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": ", then a D-loop mechanism of replication", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": ", then a D-loop mechanism of replication", + "57296b151d046914007793f1": "transfer", + "57296b151d046914007793f2": "existence", + "57296b151d046914007793f3": ", while diatoms (a heterokontophyte", + "57296b151d046914007793f4": ", while diatoms (a heterokontophyte", + "57296bf96aef051400154e52": ", though a few tRNA genes", + "57296bf96aef051400154e53": "around half", + "57296bf96aef051400154e54": ", and therefore topologically outside of the cell, because to reach the chloroplast", + "57296bf96aef051400154e55": "the cytosol, you have to cross the cell membrane", + "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": "a ribosome", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "the cytosol", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": "the same time, they have to keep just enough shape so that they can be recognized by the chloroplast", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "the same time, they have to keep just enough shape so that they can be recognized by the chloroplast", + "57296cb21d04691400779403": "lens", + "57296cb21d04691400779404": "5\u20138", + "57296cb21d04691400779405": "1\u20133", + "57296cb21d04691400779406": ", which often contain a single chloroplast that can be shaped like a net", + "57296cb21d04691400779407": ", which often contain a single chloroplast that can be shaped like a net (e.g., Oedogonium), a cup", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": "the descendants", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": "common misconceptions", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": "the cyan", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": "The chloroplast double membrane is also often compared to the mitochondrial", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": "the opposite direction compared to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. In addition, in terms of function, the inner chloroplast membrane", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": "the opposite direction compared to oxidative phosphorylation", + "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "the internal thylakoid system", + "57296d8d1d04691400779421": "the opposite direction compared to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. In addition, in terms of function, the inner chloroplast", + "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "Stromules are very rare in chloroplasts, and are much more common in other plastids like chromoplasts", + "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", + "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", + "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "1962", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": "the chloroplasts", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": "the", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": "the chloroplast", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": "the chloroplast", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": "small vesicles sometimes observed may serve as transport vesicles to shuttle stuff between the thylakoids and intermembrane space", + "57296eb01d04691400779435": ", which they use to synthesize a small fraction of their proteins", + "57296eb01d04691400779436": "17 nm", + "57296eb01d04691400779437": "17 nm vs 25 nm", + "57296eb01d04691400779438": "several Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts", + "57296eb01d04691400779439": "shine-dalgarno sequence recognition", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "singular plastoglobulus", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": "a lipid monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts", + "57296eee6aef051400154e90": "a lipid monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts", + "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "45\u201360 nanometers across", + "57296eee6aef051400154e92": "a lipid monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "permanently", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": "the vast majority of plastoglobuli occur singularly, attached directly to their parent thylakoid. In old or stressed chloroplasts", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": "the vast majority of plastoglobuli occur singular", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": "chains", + "57296f85af94a219006aa403": "a", + "57296f85af94a219006aa404": "roughly spherical", + "57296f85af94a219006aa405": "a", + "57296f85af94a219006aa406": "a site of starch accumulation", + "57296f85af94a219006aa407": ", or be produced \"de novo", + "57296fd71d0469140077943f": "the helical thylakoid model", + "57296fd71d04691400779440": "a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes", + "57296fd71d04691400779441": "two to a hundred", + "57296fd71d04691400779442": "two to a hundred", + "57296fd71d04691400779443": ", also known as frets or lame", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": "harvesting complexes with chlorophyll and carotenoids that absorb light energy", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": "harvesting complexes with chlorophyll and carotenoids that absorb light energy", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": "the light reactions of photosynthesis. Photosystem II and photosystem I contain light-har", + "5729703d3f37b319004783be": "the concentration gradient of the hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "the", + "572970916aef051400154eba": "two", + "572970916aef051400154ebb": ", which are in contact with the stroma", + "572970916aef051400154ebc": ", which are in contact with the stroma", + "572970916aef051400154ebe": "pancake-shaped circular disks", + "572970916aef051400154ebd": "300", + "57297103af94a219006aa423": "thirty", + "57297103af94a219006aa424": ", are also common. Many other forms of carotenoids exist that are only found in certain groups of chloroplasts", + "57297103af94a219006aa425": ", and their bright colors sometimes override the chlorophyll green, like during the fall", + "57297103af94a219006aa426": "the fall, when the leaves of some land plants change color. \u03b2-carotene is a bright red-orange", + "57297103af94a219006aa427": "orange-red", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": ", though phycoery", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": ", though phycoery", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": "the pigments that makes many red algae red", + "5729714daf94a219006aa430": ", though phycoery", + "5729714daf94a219006aa431": "40", + "572971af6aef051400154ede": "the process of photosynthesis, chloroplasts use an enzyme", + "572971af6aef051400154edf": "the process of photosynthesis, chloroplasts use an enzyme", + "572971af6aef051400154ee0": "enzyme", + "572971af6aef051400154ee1": "the process of photosynthesis, chloroplasts use an enzyme", + "572971af6aef051400154ee2": "the process of photosynthesis, chloroplasts use an enzyme", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": "a result, chloroplasts in C4 mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialized for each stage", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": "a result, chloroplasts in C4 mesophyll cells", + "5729723c6aef051400154eea": "specialized", + "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": "a four-carbon compound", + "5729723c6aef051400154eec": "a result, chloroplasts in C4 mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells", + "5729729a1d0469140077948b": "a chlorenchyma cell. A typical chlorenchyma cell of a land plant contains about 10 to 100", + "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "a chlorenchyma cell. A typical chlorenchyma cell of a land plant contains about 10 to 100", + "5729729a1d0469140077948d": "a chlorenchyma cell. A typical chlorenchyma cell of a land plant contains about 10 to 100", + "5729729a1d0469140077948e": ", though chloroplasts can also be found in collenchyma tissue", + "5729729a1d0469140077948f": "a chlorenchyma cell", + "572972f46aef051400154ef2": "cacti, chloroplasts are found in the stems", + "572972f46aef051400154ef3": ", though in most plants, chloroplasts are concentrated in the leaves", + "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "8", + "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "half a million", + "572972f46aef051400154ef5": ", though in most plants, chloroplasts are concentrated in the leaves. One square millimeter of leaf tissue", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": "In low-light conditions, they will spread out in a sheet", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": "the reason why land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "sideways", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "the reason why land plants evolved to have many small", + "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "Mitochondria", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": "two", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": "hypers", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": "systemic acquired resistance, where infected cells release signals", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": "the rest of the", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": ", where infected cells release signals warning the rest of the plant of a pathogen's presence. Chloroplasts stimulate both responses by purposely", + "57297427af94a219006aa453": "the nucleus", + "57297427af94a219006aa454": "the nucleus", + "57297427af94a219006aa455": ", but instead pass on their signal to an unknown second messenger molecule", + "57297427af94a219006aa456": "the nucleus", + "572974923f37b3190047840b": "the chloroplast", + "572974923f37b3190047840c": "the main functions of the chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis, the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy", + "572974923f37b3190047840d": "the form of sugars", + "572974923f37b3190047840e": "the form of sugars", + "572974923f37b3190047840f": "the form of sugars", + "572975073f37b31900478415": "the thylakoid space", + "572975073f37b31900478416": "the thylakoid space", + "572975073f37b31900478417": "the thylakoid space, creating a concentration gradient", + "572975073f37b31900478418": "the thylakoid space then diffuse back down their concentration gradient, flowing back out into the stroma through ATP synthase", + "572975073f37b31900478419": "the thylakoid space", + "572975511d046914007794a7": "the end of an electron transport chain. Normally", + "572975511d046914007794a8": "the", + "572975511d046914007794a9": "the", + "572975511d046914007794aa": "the", + "572975a3af94a219006aa465": "The Calvin cycle", + "572975a3af94a219006aa466": ", but one out of every six produced leaves the cycle\u2014the end product of the dark reactions", + "572975a3af94a219006aa467": ", but one out of every six produced leaves the cycle\u2014the end product of the dark reactions", + "572975a3af94a219006aa468": "one out of every six", + "572976183f37b31900478431": "the chloroplast", + "572976183f37b31900478432": "the chloroplast. Under conditions", + "572976183f37b31900478433": "the chloroplast", + "572976183f37b31900478434": "Waterlogged roots", + "572976183f37b31900478435": "another photosynthesis-depressing factor", + "572976791d046914007794af": "the efficiency of photosynthesis\u2014it consumes ATP and oxygen, releases CO2, and produces no sugar", + "572976791d046914007794b0": "the efficiency of photosynthesis. These mechanisms are called carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms, or CCMs. These include Crassulacean acid metabolism", + "572976791d046914007794b1": "the efficiency of photosynthesis. These mechanisms are called carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms, or CCMs. These include Crassulacean acid metabolism", + "572976791d046914007794b2": "the efficiency of photosynthesis. These mechanisms are called carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms, or CCMs. These include Crassulacean acid metabolism", + "572976791d046914007794b3": "the efficiency of photosynthesis. These mechanisms are called carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms, or CCMs. These include Crassulacean acid metabolism", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": "the", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": "the sulfur-containing ones like cy", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": "the", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": "the", + "57297725af94a219006aa49b": ", though the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably", + "57297725af94a219006aa49c": ", which carry out various functions. All chloroplasts in a plant are descended from undifferentiated pro", + "57297725af94a219006aa49d": ", which carry out various functions. All chloroplasts in a plant are descended from undifferentiated proplastids", + "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "the formation of starch-storing amyloplasts is more common", + "5729779b6aef051400154f62": "angiosperm shoots", + "5729779b6aef051400154f63": ", and chlorophyll starts to be produced. This process, where the etioplast becomes a chloroplast", + "5729779b6aef051400154f64": ", and chlorophyll starts to be produced. This process, where the etioplast becomes a chloroplast", + "5729779b6aef051400154f65": "a few minutes of light exposure", + "5729779b6aef051400154f66": ", takes several hours. Gymnosperms", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": "a meristematic state, chloroplasts and other plastids can turn back into proplastids. Chloroplast", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": ", etc., are not absolute states", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": "a meristematic state, chloroplasts and other plastids can turn back into proplastids. Chloroplast", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "intermediate forms", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "a meristematic state", + "5729784b1d046914007794c9": "the help of a protein ARC6, form a structure called a Z-ring within the chloroplast's stroma", + "5729784b1d046914007794ca": "the help of a protein ARC6, form a structure called a Z-ring within the chloroplast's stroma", + "5729784b1d046914007794cb": "a Z-ring", + "5729784b1d046914007794cc": "the help of a protein ARC6, form a structure called a Z-ring", + "5729784b1d046914007794cd": "the chloroplast", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": "the chloroplast's intermembrane space", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": "the chloroplast's intermembrane space", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": "the chloroplast's intermembrane space", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "6", + "5729789b6aef051400154f70": "a few species", + "572978e66aef051400154f76": "division", + "572978e66aef051400154f78": "the population of dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts", + "572978e66aef051400154f79": "the population of dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts", + "572978e66aef051400154f77": "the population of dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": "the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants that are biologically contained", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": "transformation", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": "3", + "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": "transformation", + "57296d571d04691400779413": ", whereas 6 is composite because it has the divisors 2 and 3 in addition to 1 and 6", + "57296d571d04691400779414": ", whereas 6 is composite because it has the divisors 2", + "57296d571d04691400779415": ", whereas 6 is composite because it has the divisors 2 and 3 in addition to 1 and 6. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57296d571d04691400779416": "a product of primes", + "57296d571d04691400779417": "1", + "57296f293f37b319004783a3": ", such as Mersenne numbers. As of January 2016[update], the largest known prime number has 22,338", + "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division", + "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "the Miller", + "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "the Miller", + "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338", + "572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely", + "572970c11d04691400779464": "infinitely", + "572970c11d04691400779465": ", the distribution", + "572970c11d04691400779466": "the prime number theorem", + "572970c11d04691400779467": "19th century", + "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "Goldbach", + "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "twin prime conjecture", + "5729727baf94a219006aa439": ", such as prime elements and prime ideals", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": ", such as public-key cryptography", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors. Prime numbers give rise to various generalizations", + "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "the right illustrates that 12", + "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "three", + "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", + "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "all prime numbers larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or 9", + "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "the right illustrates that 12 is not prime: 12", + "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1", + "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", + "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Christian Goldbach listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler", + "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "1956", + "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number, but rather forms its own special category as a \"unit", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": ", but Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "to be modified. Similarly, the sieve of Eratosthenes would not work correctly if 1 were considered a prime", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": ", the prime numbers have several properties", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": ", the prime numbers have several properties", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": ", the sieve of Eratosthenes", + "572978f91d046914007794d3": "the fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "572978f91d046914007794d4": "the fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements", + "572978f91d046914007794d6": "the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Euclid", + "572978f91d046914007794d7": "The Sieve of Eratosthenes", + "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", + "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Pierre de Fermat stated (without proof) Fermat's little theorem (later proved by Leibniz and Euler", + "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "the study of prime numbers", + "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "the form 2p \u2212 1, with p a prime. They are called Mersenne primes", + "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "the 17th century. In 1640 Pierre de Fermat", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "the primality of 37, only three divisions are necessary", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "dividing", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "square root", + "57297d421d046914007794e5": "Modern primality tests for general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", + "57297d421d046914007794e6": "Modern primality tests for general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", + "57297d421d046914007794e7": "Modern primality tests for general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", + "57297d421d046914007794e8": "a way to tell for sure whether a given number is prime or not. For example, trial division is a deterministic algorithm", + "57297d421d046914007794e9": "the other hand, if the test ever fails, then we know that the number is composite", + "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "the Fermat primality test", + "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "the fact (Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261n (mod p)", + "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "some composite numbers (the Carmichael numbers", + "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests", + "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "the Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "Sophie Germain primes", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "the form 2p \u2212 1, where p is an arbitrary", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "Lucas\u2013Leh", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "a particular shape include the Sophie Germain primes", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Other primes where either p + 1 or p \u2212 1 is of a particular shape include the Sophie Germain primes", + "572982e66aef051400154f92": "the largest primes not known to have any particular form (that is, no simple formula such as that of Mersenne primes", + "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", + "572982e66aef051400154f94": "2009", + "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The Electronic Frontier Foundation", + "572982e76aef051400154f96": "the interval", + "572985011d04691400779501": "the floor function", + "572985011d04691400779502": "the number in question. The latter formula can be shown using Bertrand's postulate (proven first by Chebyshev", + "572985011d04691400779503": "there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2, for any natural number n > 3", + "572985011d04691400779504": "the number in question. The latter formula can be shown using Bertrand's postulate (proven first by Chebyshev), which states that there", + "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson's theorem and generates the number 2 many times", + "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "the long run\u2014the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9", + "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet's theorem", + "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1/6", + "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "infinitely", + "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions asserts that the progression", + "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function is closely related to prime numbers", + "572989846aef051400154fc1": "\u03b6", + "572989846aef051400154fc2": ", the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... diver", + "572989846aef051400154fc3": "the following identity (Basel problem", + "572989846aef051400154fc4": "the following identity", + "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859", + "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "\u22122, \u22124, ...", + "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "the distribution of primes only comes from random noise", + "57298ef11d04691400779530": "the distribution of primes only comes from random noise. From a mathematical viewpoint", + "57298ef11d04691400779531": "the distribution of primes only comes from random noise. From a mathematical viewpoint, it roughly states that the asymptotic", + "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach", + "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", + "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "all", + "57299021af94a219006aa50e": ", for example Vinogradov's theorem", + "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "the sum of six primes. The branch of number theory studying such questions is called additive number theory", + "572991943f37b319004784a1": "there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2 (twin prime conjecture", + "572991943f37b319004784a2": "the distribution of primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2", + "572991943f37b319004784a3": "the distribution of primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2", + "572991943f37b319004784a4": "the form n2 + 1. These conjectures are special cases", + "572991943f37b319004784a5": "four", + "57299326af94a219006aa515": "theory", + "57299326af94a219006aa516": "Hardy", + "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s", + "57299326af94a219006aa518": "the 1970s, when it was publicly announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms", + "57299326af94a219006aa519": "pseud", + "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "the following: if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal", + "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "the following: if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal, whose period", + "572995d46aef051400154fea": "the factorial (p \u2212 1)! + 1", + "572995d46aef051400154feb": ", an integer n > 4 is composite", + "572995d46aef051400154fec": "the following: if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal, whose period is p \u2212 1", + "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA", + "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA", + "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512", + "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "the fact that there are efficient algorithms", + "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "1024", + "572998673f37b319004784d5": "the genus Magicicada make use of prime numbers", + "572998673f37b319004784d6": "underground", + "572998673f37b319004784d7": "7, 13 or 17 years", + "572998673f37b319004784d8": "the genus Magicicada make use of prime numbers", + "572998673f37b319004784d9": "2%", + "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "indecomposability", + "57299a6f6aef051400155017": ", the prime field is the smallest", + "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "a prime knot", + "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "the", + "57299a6f6aef051400155018": ", namely that any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components. For example, in knot theory, a prime knot", + "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "an algebraic structure", + "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "the", + "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "two more general concepts", + "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "the following requirement", + "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "the following requirement", + "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "unique factorization domains", + "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "the", + "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "the", + "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "the product of the two Gaussian primes (1 + i) and (1 \u2212 i). Rational primes", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal, are an important tool and object", + "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "arithmetic", + "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "a", + "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "objects", + "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "a basic problem of algebraic number theory", + "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "the ring of integers of quadratic number fields", + "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "the solvability of quadratic equations", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": ", this norm gets smaller", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "Certain arithmetic questions related to Q or more general global fields", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "the absolute value", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "This local-global principle", + "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", + "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur (1935", + "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre \u00e9tudes", + "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "third", + "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "movements", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": "a", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "The biggest city on the river Rhine is Cologne", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "a", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "1,230 km", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "a", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "1,230 km", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "ijn", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "ijn", + "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "the inclusion of Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively; it was cited as 1,232 kilometres", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "the Rhine Valley", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Near Sargans", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Liechtenstein and later Austria", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "the", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "86", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "5", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "Valley", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "Liechtenstein and later Austria to the East", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "the Rhine into Lake", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "the Alter", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\") and in the East by a modern canalized section", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "the local Alemannic dialect, the singular is pronounced \"Isel", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "Isel\" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel (\"Donkey", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "a nature reserve and bird sanctuary", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "Isel\" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel (\"Donkey", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "the Alter", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "the Austrian towns of Gai\u00dfau, H\u00f6chst and Fu\u00dfach", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "the local Alemannic dialect, the singular is pronounced \"Isel", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Fu\u00dfach", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "Fu\u00dfach", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "Fu\u00dfach", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "the lake will silt up the lake. This has already happened to the former Lake Tuggenersee", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "Fu\u00dfach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "near", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "Fu\u00dfach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "the", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "the", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "the Rhine, called the Seerhein", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "the south following the Swiss-Austrian border", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "9", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "9", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "the Rhine, called the Seerhein (\"Lake Rhine\"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "the south following the Swiss-Austrian border", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "the German states of Bavaria", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "the surface at the northern (German) shore", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "the island of Lindau", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "the lake, off the island of Lindau", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "the island of Lindau", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": ", until it turns north", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": ", and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": ", and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "4,274 m (14,022 ft) summit of Finsteraarhorn", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": ", until it turns north at the so-called Rhine knee", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "westward", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "the river Aare", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": ", and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "4,274 m (14,022 ft) summit of Finsteraarhorn", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "The Rhine roughly", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "the centre of Basel", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "the centre", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "the Central Bridge", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "the centre of Basel", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "the centre", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North. Here the High Rhine ends. Legally, the Central Bridge", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th Century", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "the French side, the Grand Canal d'Alsace", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "the", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "the French side, the Grand Canal d'Alsace", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "the huge", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "The Upper Rhine region", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "the 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "the 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "the 19th Century. The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "the French side, the Grand Canal d'Alsace", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": ", the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of more than 300", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "the Moselle", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": ", the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of more than 300", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "300", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": ", the Moselle", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "the Rhine Gorge", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "the", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "Romantic Rhine\", with more than 40 castles and fortresses", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "the", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "the region, such that the river was left at about its original level while the surrounding lands raised. The gorge", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "the river which is known for its many castles and vineyards. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "the early 1980s, industry", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "The Ruhr", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "drinking water", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution. Although many plants and factories", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "the early 1980s", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "the early 1980s, industry", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution. Although many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "The Ruhr", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Near Sankt Goarshausen, the Rhine flows around the famous rock Lorelei", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "the top of the steep slopes, the Middle Rhine Valley", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "The Rhine Gorge between R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "The Rhine Gorge between R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Near Sankt Goarshausen, the Rhine flows around the famous rock Lorelei", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Near Sankt Goarshausen, the Rhine flows around the famous rock Lorelei", + "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "the most important cities in this region is Duisburg", + "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "the Wesel-Datteln Canal", + "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "Wes", + "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "the longest", + "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region. One of the", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "the Rhine-Ruhr region", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "the most important cities in this region is Duisburg with the largest river port in Europe (Duisport", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "the Emmerich Rhine Bridge", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "400", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "the Meuse, through the Hollands Diep and Haringvliet estuaries, into the North Sea", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "ijn", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "the village of Kinderdijk, to form the Nieuwe Maas; then flows past Rotterdam", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "the main flow of water. Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "the main flow of water. Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "the Meuse, through the Hollands Diep and Haringvliet estuaries, into the North Sea", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "ijn", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "the Nieuwe Maas", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "the IJssel and Nederrijn. The IJssel branch carries one ninth", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "at", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "the Nederrijn changes its name and becomes the Lek. It flows farther west", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "the", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "The IJssel branch carries one ninth", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "at", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "at", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "ijn", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "the Rhine, but are used for draining", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Oude Rijn", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Old", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": ", where its waters can be discharged into the North Sea", + "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "the same delta", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "near", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine Delta", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": ", which changes its name to Nederrijn at Angeren", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "three", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": ", then joins the Noord, thereby forming Nieuwe Maas", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "the Oude Maas", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "Het Scheur (\"the Rip", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood (1421", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "St. Elizabeth's flood (1421", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "the North Sea", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "the coastline, is hard to imagine today. From 1421 to 1904", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "the North Sea and formed an archipelago", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": ", etc.) and smaller rivers and streams. Many rivers have been closed (\"dammed\") and now serve as drainage channels", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": ", etc.) and smaller rivers and streams. Many rivers have been closed (\"dammed", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "Works", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "the construction of the Delta Works, tidal influence was palpable up to Nijmegen", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta, shaped not only by the sedimentation of the rivers", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "the construction of the Delta Works, tidal influence was palpable up to Nijmegen", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "present Mediterranean Sea", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "about", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Several microplates were caught in the squeeze and rotated or were pushed laterally, generating the individual features of Mediterranean geography", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "the opening of the Tethys Ocean", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "the edge of the latter plate in the Alpine Orogeny", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "the Eocene onwards", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "elements", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "Miocene", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "the southeastern Netherlands. By the time of the Miocene", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "the early Pleistocene", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "the Pliocene period", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "the Pliocene period", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course to the", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course to the northwest", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "the English Channel. Since then, during glacial times, the river mouth was located offshore of Brest, France", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "roughly west", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "the last Ice Age; although, its source must still have been a glacier", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "the last Ice Age; although, its source must still have been a glacier. A tundra", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "the Atlantic Ocean. Such was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "the Atlantic Ocean. Such was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "the Rhine Valley", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": ", began about 13,000 BP", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": ", began about 13,000 BP", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same location", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same location", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same location. In the southern North Sea", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same location. In the southern North Sea", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "the Netherlands", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "ago", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "valley", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "sea", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "3000", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "sped", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century AD", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "80", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "the north and enters the IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon; however, since 1932", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "three", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "the 1st century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "the 1st century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "the 6th century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "1st century BC", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "14", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70, Rome", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": ", and Roman subjects", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "The upper Rhine and upper Danube are easily", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germanica and XX Valeria", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "two legions at oppidum Ubiorum (\"town of the Ubii\"), which was renamed to Colonia Agrippina, descending to Cologne", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "eight", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "Colonia Agrippina", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "the Migration period", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "the 5th century establishing the kingdoms", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "the", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": ", such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried", + "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "the Rhine by Hagen", + "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "the 6th century", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "the 10th century", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Holy Roman Empire", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "69", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "1840, the Rhine crisis", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "06", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "the end of World War I, the Rhineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "demilitarised zone", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "Adolf Hitler", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "the subject of a film, The Bridge at Remagen", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "obstacle", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "the subject of a film, The Bridge at Remagen", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "the subject of a film, The Bridge at Remagen. Seven Days to the River Rhine", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,320", + "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": ", and can extend or reduce the areas in which it can make laws. The first meeting of the new Parliament took place on 12 May 1999", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": ", which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature. The Act delineates the legislative competence", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "Parliament", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three hundred years", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "the next three hundred years, Scotland was directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain and the subsequent Parliament of the United Kingdom, both seated at Westminster", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "a directly elected Scottish Assembly", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "\"It's Scotland's oil\" campaign of the Scottish National Party (SNP", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "the following \"It's Scotland's oil\" campaign of the Scottish National Party (SNP", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", + "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "the majority of the Scottish electorate voted for it in a referendum to be held on 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40%", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "the 1980s and 1990s", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "the Conservative Party", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "the structure of the Parliament", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "September 2004", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish architect Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf-shaped", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "the University of Edinburgh. This building was vacated twice to allow for the meeting of the Church's General Assembly", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "the University of Edinburgh. This building was vacated twice to allow for the meeting of the Church's General Assembly. In May 2000", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "the University of Edinburgh. This building was vacated twice to allow for the meeting of the Church's General Assembly. In May 2000", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "the University of Aberdeen", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "the University of Edinburgh. This building was vacated twice to allow for the meeting of the Church's General Assembly. In May 2000", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "the City of Edinburgh Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "the City of Edinburgh Council. The former administrative building of Lothian Regional Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "the move to Holyrood in 2004", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "the headquarters", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "the main hall", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "the beginning of each parliamentary session, Parliament elects one MSP to serve as Presiding Officer", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "the beginning of each parliamentary session, Parliament elects one MSP to serve as Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "the beginning of each parliamentary session, Parliament elects one MSP to serve as Presiding Officer", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "129", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": ", who give advice on how to interpret the standing orders that govern the proceedings of meetings. A vote clerk", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "a member of the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body, the Presiding Officer", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "the roles of the Presiding Officer", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "the roles of the Presiding Officer. Under the Standing Orders of the Parliament", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "The Presiding Officer", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "the middle of the semicircle", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "the middle of the semicircle", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "131", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "the middle of the semicircle", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "the beginning of each sitting in the chamber", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": ", which is made from silver", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "Queen", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "the beginning of each sitting in the chamber", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass case", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April and October", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": ", with two-week recesses in April and October. Plenary meetings in the debating chamber", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "the public. Entry is free", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "the Official Report", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "The first item of business on Wednesdays", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "up to four minutes", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "the first item of business in meetings of the House of Commons. Speakers are drawn from across Scotland and are chosen to represent the balance of religious beliefs", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "balance of religious beliefs", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "the advice of the parliamentary bureau. Faith groups can make direct representations to the Presiding Officer", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": ", rather than by constituency or cabinet position, and hand clapping is allowed. Speeches to the chamber", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": ", rather than by constituency or cabinet position, and hand clapping is allowed. Speeches to the chamber", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "Normally, the Presiding Officer tries to achieve a balance", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "The Scottish Parliament has conducted debates", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "the name of the motion or amendment as well as the proposer and asking \"Are we all agreed?\",", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "the motions and amendments that have been moved that day. This \"Decision Time", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "alerts MSPs who are not in the chamber to return and vote", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "the name of the motion or amendment as well as the proposer and asking \"Are we all agreed?\",", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "outcome", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "some MSPs, known as whips", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "the Scottish Parliament tends to be low, and backbench rebellions by members who are discontent with their party's policies are rare. In some circumstances", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "the Scottish Parliament tends to be low, and backbench rebellions by members who are discontent with their party's policies are rare. In some circumstances", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "a \"Members Debate", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "a \"Members Debate", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "a \"Members Debate\" is held, which lasts for 45 minutes", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "a", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "the debate. The relevant minister, whose department the debate and motion relate to \"winds up\" the debate by speaking after all other participants", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in committee", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in committee. The role of committees is stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "no revising chamber", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "the fact that there is no revising chamber. The principal role of committees in the Scottish Parliament is to take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "at other locations", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "the", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "balance", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "different", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": ", with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament. There are different committees with their functions set out in different ways. Mandatory Committees", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "the", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "the beginning of each parliamentary session, and again the members on each committee reflect the balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": ", and again the members on each committee reflect the balance of parties across Parliament. Typically each committee corresponds with one (or more", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "the Scottish Government. The current Subject Committees", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "the Scottish Government. The current Subject Committees", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "the use of land or property. Private Bill Committees", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "the use of land or property. Private Bill Committees", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "the Scottish Parliament or Scottish Government. Private bills normally relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "the use of land or property. Private Bill Committees", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "19 November 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "the Scottish Parliament and delimits its legislative competence. The Scotland Act 2012 extends the devolved competencies", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "the United Kingdom and given royal assent by Queen Elizabeth II on 19 November 1998", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reserved matters", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "the Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "the arts, transport, training, tourism, research and statistics and social work. The Scottish Parliament has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "3", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "2012", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "the Scotland Parliament. The Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on such issues that are reserved to, and dealt with at, Westminster", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament. The Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on such issues that are reserved to, and dealt with at, Westminster", + "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament. The Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on such issues that are reserved to, and dealt with at, Westminster", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "ills", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "a member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as a private member", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as a private member; or a private bill can be submitted to Parliament by an outside", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "the governing party. Bills pass through Parliament in a number of stages", + "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "the general principles of the bill, it then proceeds to Stage 2", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "documents", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "Presiding Officer", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "the chamber", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "the general principles of the bill, it then proceeds to Stage 2", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "the final form of the bill, members proceed to vote at Decision Time", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "the final form of the bill, members proceed to vote at Decision Time", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "the final form of the bill, members proceed to vote at Decision Time", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "Opposition members can table \"wreck", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "the final form of the bill, members proceed to vote at Decision Time", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "Monarch", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament on [Date] and received royal assent", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "the powers of the Parliament. Acts of the Scottish Parliament do not begin with a conventional enacting formula. Instead", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "majority", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "the beginning of each parliamentary term (after a general election). Any member can put their name forward", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "a First Minister", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "the elected MSPs", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "the first Thursday in May", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "the first Thursday in May", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "the proposal of the Presiding Officer", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "the due date", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "the opposition parties and other MSPs question the First Minister", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "the beginning of each parliamentary year, the First Minister delivers a statement to the chamber", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "the opposition parties and other MSPs question the First Minister on issues", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "the Scottish Government. At 2.30pm", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "a Thursday", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "the Scottish Government", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "issues", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "73", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "73", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "the country, which have a low population density. The island archipelagos of Orkney", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "the second vote of the ballot", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "the d'Hondt method", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "the highest quotient", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "the region (at this point just constituency seats). The party with the highest quotient is awarded the seat, which is then added to its constituency seats", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "the highest quotient is awarded the seat, which is then added to its constituency seats in allocating the second seat. This is repeated iter", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "the UK. Members of the police and the armed forces are disqualified", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "18", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "the UK. Members of the police and the armed forces are disqualified", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "2003", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "the Scottish Parliament", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "the first time in the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority. The SNP took 16", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "eight", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "a referendum on Scottish independence", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "the Conservatives", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "the party", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "the party. Cameron", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "the UK House of Commons are able to vote on domestic legislation", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "the UK House of Commons are able to vote on domestic legislation", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "the 2015 UK election, standing orders of the House of Commons were changed to give MPs representing English constituencies", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "the 2015 UK election, standing orders of the House of Commons were changed to give MPs representing English constituencies", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "the House of Commons were changed to give MPs representing English constituencies a new \"veto\" over laws only affecting England", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "ism", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": ", and the attempt \"to implement Islamic values in all spheres", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": ", and the attempt \"to implement Islamic values", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "poles", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "the state of Israel. Radical Islamist organizations like al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and groups such as the Taliban, entirely reject democracy", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "the Taliban, entirely reject democracy, often declaring as kuffar those Muslims who support it (see takfirism", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "the state of Israel", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "the state of Israel. Radical Islamist organizations like al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, and groups such as the Taliban, entirely reject democracy", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "division", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "argues", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democracy", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "the 20th century\" when the Muslim Brotherhood movement and its focus on Islamisation of pan-Arabism was eclipsed by the Salafi", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "a political role for Islam", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "Scholars", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "the West to support illiberal Islamic regimes, to the detriment of progressive moderates who seek to separate religion from politics", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\", and it is quietist/non-political Islam", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\", and it is quietist/non-political Islam", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\", and it is quietist/non-political Islam", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\", and it is quietist/non-political Islam", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "enemies", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "the 1970s", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": ", and non-Afghan veterans of the war returned home with their prestige", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "the time\u2014more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition, which Islamists were correctly seen as opposing. The US spent billions", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "the time\u2014more dangerous leftist", + "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": ", and non-Afghan veterans of the war returned home with their prestige", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "the years that followed.\" This \"gentlemen's agreement\" between Sadat and Islamists broke down in 1975", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "the United States; and making peace", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "the United States; and making peace with Israel \u2013 released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "the United States; and making peace with Israel \u2013 released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "-based Wahhabism or Salafism", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "the 20th century,\" that Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "the 20th century", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "infidels", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation of Islam as the \"gold standard\" of religion in minds of some or many Muslims", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent, inefficient", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": ", and women's groups.\" All this compares very favourably against incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments whose commitment to social justice", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "the All India Muslim League", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "1934", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "shedding of nationalist differences", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "Pakistan movement", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": ", and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "profession of journalism", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": ", Maududi had much more impact through his writing", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "modern context", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Maududi was an important early twentieth-century", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": ", Maududi had much more impact through his writing", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "modern context", + "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "establishment of an Islamic state", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "the principles of: tawhid (unity of God", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "the top of society downward through an educational process or da'wah", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "the top of society downward through an educational process or da'wah", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "the motto \"the Qur'an", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "the necessity of government rule based on Shariah law implemented gradually and by persuasion, and of eliminating all imperialist influence", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "1949", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "the most influential movements", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "se", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "the Arab world. For many years it was described as \"semi-legal\" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "the Arab Muslim world", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "the Arab Muslim world", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": ", and Arab nationalism suffered, and different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Shariati", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": ", but Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "complete imitation", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "part of a long-term conspiracy", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Hezbollah", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "a resurgence in popularity amongst the predominantly Sunni \"Arab street,\" due to its support for Hezbollah and to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "a resurgence in popularity", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "Soviet Union", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Islamic rebellion", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "the world came to fight in Afghanistan", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "Another factor", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "many", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "the Saudi monarchy", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "the war), western troops came to protect the Saudi monarchy. Islamists accused the Saudi regime of being a puppet of the west", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "the kingdom", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "Osama bin Laden's terror attacks climaxing in the 9", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb's ideas", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "the Brotherhood", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1970s", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were \"ap", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag", + "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "violence", + "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "the 1990s", + "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", + "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "the 1990s", + "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "figures", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "qu", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "the formation of HAMAS", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "1988", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "alcohol", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Palestine", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "seats", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": ", and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza. Hamas has been praised by Muslims", + "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "1979", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "the help of the military. Turabi", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "sharia", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "the help of the military. Turabi", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "segregation", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1989", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": ", was the FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "coup", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1992", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "Pakistan", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "the label of Sharia", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "the label of Sharia to an entire country. Their ideology was also described as being influenced by Wahhabism", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "July 1977", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "ideology", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "many Islamists", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": ", the group proclaimed itself a caliphate, with religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide. As of March 2015[update],", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "-described state, it lacks international recognition.)", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million people in Iraq and Syria", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "-described state, it lacks international recognition", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "2014", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": ", and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "2011", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "responsible", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "the 7th century", + "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", + "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924. This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system", + "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924. This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system, something for which it blames \"the disbelieving", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": ", but works to take power", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": ", but works to take power through \"ideological struggle\" to change Muslim public opinion", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "1968 and 1969 in Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "900", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest), and among them are some with a strong Islamist outlook", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "istan", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement", + "57303048947a6a140053d254": "2001", + "57303048947a6a140053d255": "State Department", + "57303048947a6a140053d256": "the George W. Bush administration, called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of \"political warfare", + "57303048947a6a140053d257": "Secretary", + "57303048947a6a140053d258": "the Cold War", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "imperium", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "the 19th and 20th centuries. Its precise meaning continues to be debated by scholars. Some writers, such as Edward Said", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Asia and Africa", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "the contemporary world. It has also allowed for the rapid spread of technologies and ideas", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "influence", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": ", it is still a powerful form of dominance", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": ", it is still a powerful form of dominance", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "less direct; however, it is still a powerful form of dominance", + "57306797396df919000960ee": ", or having countries agree to uneven trade agreements forcefully", + "57306797396df919000960ef": "the definition of imperialism one could speak of \"formal\" and \"informal\" imperialism, the first meaning physical control or \"full-fledged", + "57306797396df919000960f0": ", or simply, general-purpose aggressiveness", + "57306797396df919000960f2": "subtly", + "57306797396df919000960f1": "the definition of imperialism", + "573081c2069b531400832133": "an empire", + "573081c2069b531400832134": "the modern post-colonial world. The Russian leader Lenin suggested that \"imperialism was the highest form of capitalism", + "573081c2069b531400832135": "the modern post-colonial world. The Russian leader Lenin suggested that \"imperialism was the highest form of capitalism", + "573081c2069b531400832136": "empires", + "573081c2069b531400832137": "the amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded. Political power grew from conquering land, however cultural and economic aspects flourished through sea and trade routes", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "the difference between imperialism and colonialism", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "the difference between imperialism and colonialism", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "the difference between imperialism and colonialism", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "superiority", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "the process of a country taking physical control of another, imperialism", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "the process", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "the process", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "the process", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "characteristics", + "5730876a396df9190009617a": "A controversial aspect of imperialism", + "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", + "5730876a396df9190009617b": "the greatest imperialists and therefore justified imperialism. The purportedly scientific nature of \"Social Darwinism\" and a theory of races", + "5730876a396df9190009617d": "Social Darwinism", + "5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness", + "573088da069b53140083216b": "a space for travellers to share these stories.Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany", + "573088da069b53140083216c": "a space for travellers to share these stories.Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder", + "573088da069b53140083216d": "a space for travellers to share these stories.Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism", + "573088da069b53140083216e": "expansion was necessary for a state\u2019s survival", + "573088da069b53140083216f": "a space", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "the tropics they were only able to become fully human in the temperate zone. Tropicality can be paralleled with Edward Said", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "the temper", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Oriental", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "the tropics they were only able to become fully human in the temperate zone. Tropicality can be paralleled with Edward Said", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "Orientalism as the west\u2019s construction of the east as the \u201cother\u201d. According to Siad, orientalism allowed Europe", + "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Roman", + "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "the eighteenth century", + "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "the British Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "the last generation, and proceeds rather by diagnosis than by historical description\". British imperialism often used the concept of Terra nullius", + "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "the last generation, and proceeds rather by diagnosis than by historical description\". British imperialism often used the concept of Terra nullius", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography of the East. This imaginative geography", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "irrational", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "Orientalism, as theorized by Edward Said, refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "Orientalism", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "imaginative geography", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "the use of blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory. This provided incentives for imperial and colonial powers to obtain \"information to fill in blank spaces", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "the use of blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "the extension of French and British power into West Africa\". During his analysis of nineteenth-century cartographic techniques, he highlights the use of blank space", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "the use of blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory. This provided incentives for imperial and colonial powers to obtain \"information to fill in blank spaces", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "pre-Columbian era", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "dozens", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "the Persian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Ancient Egypt, the British Empire", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": ", for example the Ethiopian Empire, Oyo Empire, Asante Union, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "ultural", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "authoritarian regimes", + "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700", + "57309446396df919000961b9": "Age of Imperialism", + "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands", + "57309446396df919000961bb": "the", + "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy", + "57309564069b5314008321a5": "19", + "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1920\u20131999", + "57309564069b5314008321a7": "19\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999", + "57309564069b5314008321a8": "economy", + "57309564069b5314008321a9": "the decades before World War I, making the many imperial powers", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Fieldhouse suggests that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in places such as Africa and Asia", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the \"British exploited the political weakness", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "the 1880s", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "the 1880s, the machine gun", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "arrows", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "the 1880s, the machine gun", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "the British experience", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "the late 1870s", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "the late 19th century, but a world system extending over a period of centuries", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "the late 19th century, but a world system extending over a period of centuries", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "before World War I", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "the 1950s. Hobson argued that domestic social reforms could cure the international disease", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "J. A. Hobson (1858\u20131940", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination. For example, people living in tropical environments", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "environment", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination. For example, people living in tropical environments were seen as \"less civilized", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "the Americas, second in Asia and lastly in Africa", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality", + "5730a314069b5314008321eb": ", and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates", + "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates", + "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance", + "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", + "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "the world could be split into climatic zones", + "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century", + "5730a40f396df91900096235": "99", + "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", + "5730a40f396df91900096237": "the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", + "5730a40f396df91900096238": "the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such as the Portuguese", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "after 1850", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "the motherland and spreading French civilization and language as well as Catholicism", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "the South Pacific. Republicans", + "5730a951069b531400832213": "France had a civilising mission: \"The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior", + "5730a951069b531400832214": "the world up to French standards", + "5730a951069b531400832215": "the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture", + "5730a951069b531400832216": "the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture", + "5730a951069b531400832217": "Algeria", + "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "overseas colonies", + "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", + "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam", + "5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria", + "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", + "5730ab63396df91900096260": "ands", + "5730ab63396df91900096263": "the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples", + "5730ab63396df91900096261": "the middle period of classical antiquity", + "5730ab63396df91900096262": "the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples", + "5730ab63396df91900096264": "Germany", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "Empire", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": ", in 1883\u201384", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "German prestige", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": ", in 1883", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": ", in 1883\u201384", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "merchants", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "1905", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thailand", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", + "5730b255396df919000962b0": "the People\u2019s Republic of China", + "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1932", + "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin", + "5730b255396df919000962b3": "1919", + "5730b255396df919000962b4": "1919", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "Russia", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "social", + "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", + "5730b541396df919000962c3": "76", + "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", + "5730b541396df919000962c4": "1820", + "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "the world has ever seen both in terms of landmass and population. Its power, both military and economic, remained unmatched", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "Rudyard Kipling", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt\u2019s interventionism in Central America and Woodrow Wilson", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "the US to condemn America's occupation in the Philippines", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "the Philippines", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "a \"racket", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Isiah Bowman", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "a result of his role in the inquiry, Isiah Bowman would come to be known as Wilson's geographer", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "a result of his role in the inquiry, Isiah Bowman would come to be known as Wilson's geographer", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "geographer", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "the form of an imperial power prior to any attempts at external imperialism. This internal form of empire", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million Africans", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "the United States, whom he described as using aggressive means", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "the height of its power under the reign of Su", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a powerful multinational, multilingual", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", + "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "the early 20th century, with the imperial ambition", + "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "the aftermath of World War I, leading to the emergence of the new state of Turkey", + "5730982f396df919000961e2": "the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e3": "the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e4": "1968", + "5730982f396df919000961e5": "John and Charles Wesley", + "5730982f396df919000961e6": "the United States. As such, the church's theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": "The United Methodist Church", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": "80", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "3", + "57309921396df919000961f6": "United Methodist Church", + "57309921396df919000961f7": "United Methodist Church", + "57309921396df919000961f8": "the mid-18th century within the Church of England. A small group of students, including John Wesley", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": "35", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": "the colony of Georgia", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": "Indians", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": "Three", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": "the Church of England, the American Revolution", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": "84", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": "Thomas Coke", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": "the colonies, Wesley decisively appointed fellow priest Thomas Coke", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": "the", + "57309adb396df919000961fc": "St. George's United Methodist Church", + "57309adb396df919000961fd": "the United States, beginning in 1769", + "57309adb396df919000961fe": "67", + "57309adb396df919000961ff": "the United States, beginning in 1769", + "57309adb396df91900096200": "1784", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "the", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": "St. George's Church", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": "1784", + "57309d31396df91900096210": "1830", + "57309d31396df91900096211": "1830", + "57309d31396df91900096212": "1844", + "57309d31396df91900096213": "1844", + "5730a97a396df9190009625a": "1968", + "5730a97a396df9190009625b": "Dallas", + "5730a97a396df9190009625c": "the words, \"Lord of the Church, we are united in Thee", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "holy catholic (or universal) church", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon. It upholds the concept of the \"visible and invisible Church", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": "the traditional sense. As a result of the American Revolution, John Wesley", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": "Coke", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": "Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": "1968", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": "John Wesley", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": "Albert C. Outler led the team which systematized denominational doctrine", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": "the formation of The United Methodist Church in 1968, theologian Albert C. Outler", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "the Father. In this work, God desires that we might sense both our sinfulness before God and God's offer of salvation", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "the Father. In this work, God desires that we might sense both our sinfulness before God and God's offer of salvation", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": "the Father. In this work, God desires that we might sense both our sinfulness before God and God's offer of salvation", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": "the Father. In this work, God desires that we might sense both our sinfulness before God and God's offer of salvation. Prevenient grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832241": "the power of sin and to fully love God and neighbor", + "5730aeba069b531400832242": "the power of sin and to fully love God and neighbor", + "5730aeba069b531400832243": "the power of sin and to fully love God and neighbor. Today, justifying grace is also known as conversion", + "5730aeba069b531400832244": "the power of sin and to fully love God and neighbor. Today, justifying grace is also known as conversion", + "5730aeba069b531400832245": "New Birth", + "5730afed069b53140083225f": "the", + "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying Grace", + "5730afed069b531400832261": "the journey toward Christian Perfection", + "5730afed069b531400832262": "the journey toward Christian Perfection: a genuine love of God", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": "the work of the Holy Spirit to bring holiness into the life of the participating believer", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": "the life of the participating believer. The United Methodist Church believes in prima scriptura, seeing the Holy Bible as the primary authority in the Church", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "the UMC", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "2008", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "the work of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "Reproductive Choice", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "Reproductive Choice", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "regardless", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": "mother", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": "the United Methodist Church", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": "2012", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": "Paul T. Stallsworth, president of the Taskforce of United Methodists", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": "temperance movement", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": "2011 and 2012", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": "The Use of Money", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": "unfermented grape juice", + "5730b54c069b53140083228d": "condemns capital punishment", + "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "John 8:7", + "5730b54c069b53140083228f": "38", + "5730b54c069b531400832290": "the United Methodist Church", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "same", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": "1999", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "2016", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": "the Connectional Table", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": ", and forgiveness is available to all. Additionally, many organizations, conferences, and congregations have recently called for broader acceptance of the LGBT community", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": "same-gender marriages with resolutions", + "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "1987", + "5730b776069b5314008322be": "2005", + "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "Baltimore-Washington Conference", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "conscription", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "neither the way of military action, nor the way of inaction is always righteous before God", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "the teaching of Scripture. Therefore, the Church supports and extends its ministry to those persons who conscientiously oppose all war", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": "Christ's message and teachings", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "Therefore, the Church rejects war as an instrument of national foreign policy", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "disarmament", + "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "violence", + "5730bdfe396df91900096310": ", and their perceptions of girls and women", + "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "the creation of embryos", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": "umbilical cords", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": "the creation of embryos", + "5730c059069b531400832305": "the Church of England, John Wesley himself provided a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer", + "5730c059069b531400832306": "the Church of England, John Wesley himself provided a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer", + "5730c059069b531400832307": "The Book of Common Prayer", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": "The United Methodist Church in Africa", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": "Common Prayer", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": "Some clergy offer healing services", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "Methodist institutions", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": "Founder William Booth", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": "John Wesley", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "the church. The General Conference meets every four years (quadrennium). Legislative changes are recorded in The Book of Discipline", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "Discipline", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": "the General Conference", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": "the church. The General Conference meets every four", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": "five", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": "seven", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": "the church. Bishops thus elected serve Episcopal Areas", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "the church", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": "the church. Bishops thus elected serve Episcopal Areas", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": "the most high profile decisions in recent years by one of the councils was a decision by the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": "bishops", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "36", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "36 acres (150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "the most high profile decisions in recent years by one of the councils was a decision by the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": "nine", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "The Judicial Council", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": "nine", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": "twice", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": "twice", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": "The Annual Conference", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": "the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, is the basic unit of organization within the UMC. The term Annual Conference", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": "Annual Conference", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "nine", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "nine", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": "The church conference", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "the church and any interested members. This committee", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": "around one hundred", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": "three hundred sixty", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": "International Association", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": "John Wesley", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": "the authority and appointment of their bishops. They generally serve as pastors", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": "Order of Elders", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": "Annual Conference Order of Elders. Likewise each deacon in full connection", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": "the Annual Conference Cabinet", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": "annually", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "the session of the Annual Conference, no appointments are officially fixed. Many Annual Conferences try to avoid making appointment changes between sessions of Annual Conference", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "lders", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": ", and they are eligible for election to the episcopacy. Elders serve a term of 2\u20133 years as provisional Elders", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": "2\u20133", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": "the church for ministry and mission. Elders may also be assigned as District Superintendents", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "2\u20133", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": ", and justice. They may be appointed to ministry within the local church or to an extension ministry that supports the mission of the church. Deacons", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "the world. Deacons assist elders", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "sacramental authority", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "1996", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": "The provisional elder/deacon", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "1996 General Conference", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": ", and appear before the District Committee on Ministry and the Conference Board of Ordained Ministry. They may continue towards Associate Membership", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": ", and appear before the District Committee on Ministry and the Conference Board of Ordained Ministry", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": "five-year course of study at an approved United Methodist seminary or course of study school", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "Associate Membership", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "Members", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": ", but who have not subsequently professed their own faith. These Baptized Members", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": ", but who have not subsequently professed their own faith. These Baptized Members become Professing Members", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": "ism", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "a sacrament in the UMC. The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": ", although the pastor has discretionary authority to allow a younger person to participate. In confirmation and membership preparation classes", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": "the United Methodist Church is that of the lay servant", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": "the United Methodist Church is that of the lay servant", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": ", and be interviewed by the District or Conference Committee on Lay Speaking. They must report and reapply annually", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": ", and be interviewed by the District or Conference Committee on Lay Speaking", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": "observer", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": "false ecumenism might result in the \"blurring", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": "2000", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "May 2012", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "1985", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": "11", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": "11 million members in nearly 42", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": "8", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": "8", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": "Texas", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": "11", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": "11.4 million, with about 7.9 million in the U.S. and 3.5 million overseas", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": "3.5 million overseas", + "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": "Wesleyan Holiness", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": "World Methodist Council", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": "July 18, 2006", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "the start of the war, the French North American colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 European settlers", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": ", with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "60", + "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "the command of 22-year-old George Washington", + "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "the command of 22-year-old George Washington", + "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "the command of 22-year-old George Washington", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army commander, and planned a four-way attack on the French", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "disaster", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9, 1755 and died a few days later. British operations in 1755, 1756", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Nova Scotia", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "expulsion", + "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", + "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "the colonies", + "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "the war. Between 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", + "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "New Orleans", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "1740s", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "French and Indian War", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": ", but it obscures the fact that Indians fought on both sides of the conflict, and that this was part of the Seven Years' War", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "the", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "Europe", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not correspond with the fighting on mainland North America", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "60", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Jumonville Glen in 1754", + "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75", + "5733d5704776f4190066130f": ", including \u00cele Royale (present-day Cape Breton Island)). Fewer lived in New Orleans", + "5733d5704776f41900661310": ", with some also in Acadia (present-day New Brunswick and parts of Nova Scotia, including \u00cele Royale", + "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "the north, to Georgia", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "the time their provincial charters were granted. While their population centers", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "Father Le Loutre's War", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "the province of Canada, as well as much of present-day Maine. The Iroquois Confederation", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "the British, large areas were dominated by native tribes", + "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Siouan-speaking Catawba, Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "fighters", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": ", and Potawatomi. The British were supported in the war by the Iroquois Six Nations", + "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few British troops", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few British troops. New France", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "200", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "the site of present-day Pittsburgh. There C\u00e9loron buried lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country. Whenever", + "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "the site of present-day Pittsburgh. There C\u00e9loron buried lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "the area informed C\u00e9loron that they owned the Ohio Country", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "the village of Pickawillany", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "the village of Pickawillany, the home of the Miami chief known as \"Old Briton\".", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "the home of the Miami chief known as \"Old Briton\". C\u00e9loron threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "the Natives of these localities", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "the Ohio Country", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "the Natives", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "49", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "49", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Treaty of Logstown", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "at the mouth", + "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War", + "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "King George's War) formally ended in 1748", + "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", + "5733e771d058e614000b6548": ", but it reached no decision", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "March 17", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "Charles", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "the command of Charles Michel de Langlade", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Fort", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians. His orders", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "the headwaters of LeBoeuf Creek. Marin constructed a second fort at Fort Le Boeuf (present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Warraghiggey, meaning \"He who does great things", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey, meaning \"He who does great things", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "Warraghiggey, meaning \"He who does great things", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Speaker", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "the Ohio Company", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "George Washington", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam as an interpreter", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "12", + "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "the latter died on October 29, invited Washington to dine with him", + "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "the latter died on October 29, invited Washington to dine with him. Over dinner", + "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "the latter died on October 29", + "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "the region was superior to that of the British, since Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle had explored the Ohio Country", + "5733f1784776f41900661575": "500", + "5733f1784776f41900661576": "the early months of 1754", + "5733f1784776f41900661577": "ne", + "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "de Jumonville", + "5733f309d058e614000b6649": ", including their commanding officer, Joseph Coulon de Jumonville", + "5733f309d058e614000b664a": ", including their commanding officer, Joseph Coulon de Jumonville", + "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755. The British, intending to blockade French ports, sent out their fleet in February 1755", + "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "leaked to France", + "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "the command of Baron Dieskau", + "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755. The British, intending to blockade French ports, sent out their fleet in February 1755", + "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "the Albany Congress", + "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress", + "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress", + "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "the American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "disaster", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "1,000 British soldiers", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "the American Revolutionary War", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "the activities of Shirley and Johnson. Shirley", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "the activities of Shirley and Johnson", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "de Vaudreuil", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": ", and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of Fort Carillon (later renamed Fort Ticonderoga", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "the construction of Fort Carillon (later renamed Fort Ticonderoga", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point", + "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "June", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "the area. Monckton's forces, including companies of Rogers' Rangers", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "the Petitcodiac and St. John rivers, and \u00cele Saint-Jean), the only clashes of any size", + "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "the death of Braddock, William Shirley", + "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "December", + "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "Fort", + "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "James Abercrombie", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "May", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "18", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts had reported the weakness", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Montcalm slipped away and led the successful attack on Oswego", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "the aftermath, Montcalm and the Indians under his command disagreed", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "the meantime French ships had escaped the British blockade of the French coast, and a fleet outnumbering the British one awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "Fort William Henry", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "the meantime French ships had escaped the British blockade of the French coast, and a fleet outnumbering the British one awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg", + "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "the meantime French ships had escaped the British blockade of the French coast, and a fleet outnumbering the British one awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "daring raid against the position across the frozen", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "Montcalm's Indian allies", + "57340111d058e614000b677d": ", as the British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping. The situation in New France", + "57340111d058e614000b677e": "57", + "57340111d058e614000b677f": "the defense of the St. Lawrence, with primary defenses at Carillon, Quebec", + "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "the fall from power of Newcastle and his principal military advisor, the Duke of Cumberland", + "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "He had been replaced by Abercrombie", + "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "three", + "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", + "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", + "573403394776f419006616de": "3,600", + "573403394776f419006616df": "the Battle of Carillon, in which 3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie", + "573403394776f419006616e0": "the Battle of Carillon, in which 3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie", + "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "the aftermath of generally poor French results in most theaters of the Seven Years' War in 1758", + "57340549d058e614000b67de": "the mainland, Prussia, and the French Navy failed in the 1759 naval battles at Lagos and Quiberon Bay", + "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", + "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", + "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "the lives of both commanders), and victory at Fort Niagara", + "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Sainte-Foy", + "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "the west and south. The victory was made complete in 1760", + "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal", + "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "General Amherst", + "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "General Amherst", + "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661758": "settled", + "573408ef4776f41900661759": "the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763. The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions", + "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80", + "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", + "57340a094776f4190066177f": "the founding of the modern Cajun population. (The French word \"Acadien", + "57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans", + "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "the government of modern Canada", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "October", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "the government of modern Canada and the First Nations. Included in its provisions was the reservation of lands", + "57340d124776f419006617c3": "the coast of Mexico", + "57340d124776f419006617c0": "the construction of military roads to the area by Braddock and Forbes", + "57340d124776f419006617c1": "69", + "57340d124776f419006617c2": ", leading to their ultimate dispossession", + "57340d124776f419006617bf": "the disappearance of a strong ally", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "the nature of natural motion. A fundamental error", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "three hundred years", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Einstein", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "Standard Model", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "the speed of light, particle physics has devised a Standard Model to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms. The Standard Model", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "four", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "four", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "the 1970s and 1980s confirmed that the weak and electromagnetic forces are expressions of a more fundamental electroweak interaction", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "the ground", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "the concept of a force", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "Aristotelian physics", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion early in the 17th century", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "friction", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "extension of Galileo", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "a lack of net force (see a more detailed description of this below). Newton proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "a", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "ton", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "curving parabolic path", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "the perspective of the person in the car, the vehicle and everything inside of it is at rest", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "ia", + "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445e": ", even those that are not strictly constant velocity. The rotational inertia of planet Earth", + "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", + "573749741c45671900574460": "weightlessness", + "573749741c45671900574461": "equivalence", + "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", + "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic measurements", + "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", + "573750f61c4567190057446a": "the proper definition of mass. General relativity offers an equivalence between space-time and mass, but lacking a coherent theory", + "573750f61c4567190057446b": "fixed", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law is a result of applying symmetry to situations", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "Newton's Third Law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "the presence of different objects. The third law means that all forces are interactions between different bodies,[Note 3] and thus that there", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "the first body. F and \u2212F are equal in magnitude", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "there", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "a closed", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "the magnitude of the external force divided by the mass", + "573766251c45671900574471": "intuitive understanding", + "573766251c45671900574472": "precise operational definitions", + "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", + "573766251c45671900574474": "the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "of these characteristics, forces are classified as \"vector quantities", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar quantities", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "the same object", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "the direction of both forces to calculate the result. If both of these pieces of information are not known for each force, the situation is ambiguous", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "the result of adding the two force magnitudes or subtracting one from the other. Associating forces with vectors", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "quantitatively investigated in conditions of static equilibrium", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "additive vector quantities: they have magnitude and direction", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "resultant", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "the motion", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "paralle", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two forces, one pointing north, and one pointing east. Summing these component forces using vector addition", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "Sum", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "independent", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "the other two", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "a frictional surface", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "the characteristics of the contact between the surface", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "the characteristics", + "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "the most usual way of measuring forces, using simple devices such as weighing scales and spring balances", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "the most usual way of measuring forces, using simple devices such as weighing scales and spring balances", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "weight", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "objects", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Newton", + "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "a constant velocity, Aristotelian physics", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "equivalent to rest", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "a constant velocity, Aristotelian physics", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "a constant velocity, Aristotelian physics", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "the direction of motion while the kinetic friction force", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "the direction of motion while the kinetic friction force", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": ", but since the object started with a non-zero velocity, it continues to move with a non-zero velocity. Aristotle", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle", + "57377aac1c45671900574479": "the Schr\u00f6dinger equation", + "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newton", + "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical", + "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "the results of a measurement are now sometimes \"quantized\", i.e. they appear in discrete", + "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "Newtonian equations", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "intrinsic angular momentum-like variable", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Paul", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "identical particles", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "apparent", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "apparent", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "mathematical", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "the development of quantum field theory and general relativity, it was realized that force", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "the development of quantum field theory", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman diagrams", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "the use of Feynman diagrams", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "the universe are based on four", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "the universe", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "the 20th century, the development of quantum mechanics", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": ", but currently the most popular approach to answering this question is string theory", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "theory", + "573784fa1c45671900574483": "the work of Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574484": "the Earth's surface is directly proportional to the object's mass. Thus an object that has a mass of ", + "573784fa1c45671900574485": "9", + "573784fa1c45671900574486": "9", + "573784fa1c45671900574487": "", + "573786b51c4567190057448d": "the effects of gravity might be observed in different ways at larger distances", + "573786b51c4567190057448e": "the Moon around the Earth could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law", + "573786b51c4567190057448f": "the Earth", + "573786b51c45671900574490": "the Earth to the gravitational acceleration", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "the relative strength of gravity. This constant has come to be known as Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "the relative strength of gravity. This constant has come to be known as Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "the Earth's mass given the above equation. Newton", + "5737898f1c45671900574495": "the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity", + "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Some astrophysicists predicted the existence of another planet (Vulcan", + "5737898f1c45671900574497": "the problem of Mercury's orbit and found that his theory added a correction", + "5737898f1c45671900574498": "the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity", + "5737898f1c45671900574499": "the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity had been shown to be less correct than an alternative", + "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", + "57378b141c456719005744a0": "the order of few light-years). The time derivative of the changing momentum of the object is what we label as \"gravitational force\".", + "57378b141c456719005744a1": "the order of few light-years). The time derivative of the changing momentum of the object is what we label as \"gravitational force", + "57378b141c456719005744a2": "the perspective of the object, all motion occurs as if there were no gravitation whatsoever. It is only when observing the motion", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "the definition of electric current", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "the definition of electric current as the time rate of change of electric charge, a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law", + "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "the description of a unified electromagnetic force that acts on a charge. This force", + "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", + "57378e311c456719005744b0": "the speed of light. This insight united the nascent fields of electromagnetic theory with optics and led directly to a complete description of the electromagnetic spectrum", + "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20", + "57378e311c456719005744b2": "4 vector equations", + "57378e311c456719005744b3": "the speed of light", + "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "the nonexistence", + "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "the work of leading theoretical physicists", + "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum mechanics. This final modification to electromagnetic theory ultimately led to quantum electrodynamics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons", + "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": "the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": "the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": "energy", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": "the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "energy", + "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "the best known example being the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "the best known example being the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "the best known example being the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force. Here the strong force", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "confinement", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "The weak force is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons. Its most familiar effect is beta decay", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "beta decay", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "101", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "101", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "the surface interface between two objects", + "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "Pauli repulsion", + "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "the normal force in action is the impact force on an object crashing into an immobile surface", + "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings", + "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "leys", + "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "instantaneously", + "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "the length", + "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "the same object through the use of a set-up that uses movable pulleys", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "laws", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "laws", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "the way forces affect the material. For example, in extended fluids", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "the way forces affect the material. For example, in extended fluids, differences in pressure result in forces being directed along the pressure gradients as follows:", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "the way forces affect the material. For example, in extended fluids, differences in pressure result in forces being directed along the pressure gradients as follows:", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "the", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "the cross-sectional area", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "the cross-sectional area", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "the cross-sectional area", + "5737a4511c456719005744df": "the same way that angle is the rotational equivalent", + "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "an unbalanced torque", + "5737a4511c456719005744e1": ", Newton's Second Law of Motion can be used to derive an analogous equation", + "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "the center", + "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "the center of the circular path and ", + "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "the", + "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "the", + "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "the", + "5737a7351c456719005744f1": ", is related directly to the difference in potential energy between two different locations in space", + "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "the same way that the direction and amount of a flow of water can be considered to", + "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "the net mechanical energy", + "5737a7351c456719005744f4": ", is related directly to the difference in potential energy between two different locations in space", + "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "difference in potential energy between two different locations in space, and can be considered to be an artifact", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "forces", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "gradient", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "the results of conservative ones since each of these macroscopic forces are the net results of the gradients of microscopic", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "the results of conservative", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "mechanics", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "the internal energies", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat. According to the Second law of thermodynamics", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "the internal energies", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "the newton", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kgf) (sometimes kilopond", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "a", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "1000 lbf", + "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "1000 N" +}