diff --git "a/eval_predictions.json" "b/eval_predictions.json" --- "a/eval_predictions.json" +++ "b/eval_predictions.json" @@ -1,10572 +1,10572 @@ { "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": " Denver Broncos", - "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": " Denver Broncos", - "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": " American football game", - "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": " Denver Broncos", - "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", - "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": " Carolina Panthers", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": " San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": " Carolina Panthers", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": " gold", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": "golden anniversary", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": " February 7, 2016", - "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": " Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", - "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", - "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": " Denver Broncos", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": " American Football Conference", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": "golden anniversary", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": " American Football Conference", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": " February 7, 2016", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": " Denver Broncos", - "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": " Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", - "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", - "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": " American football game", - "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": " Denver Broncos", - "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", - "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", - "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": " Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", - "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": " Levi's Stadium", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": " San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": "Super Bowl L", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": " 2015", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": " 2015", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": " San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": " Levi's Stadium", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": " 50th", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": " February 7, 2016", - "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": " 2015", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": " Denver Broncos", - "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": " Denver Broncos", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": " Carolina Panthers", "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": " Denver Broncos", - "56d600e31c85041400946eae": " Denver Broncos", - "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": " Denver Broncos", - "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": " Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area", - "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": " Levi's Stadium", + "56d600e31c85041400946eae": " 2015", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": " Carolina Panthers", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": " San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": "Super Bowl 50", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": " Denver Broncos", - "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", - "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": " 15", - "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": " 15", - "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals", - "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", - "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": " 15", - "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": " 15", - "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", - "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": " 15", - "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", - "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": " 15", - "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", - "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": " 15", - "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": " 15", - "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": " 15", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": " Cam Newton", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": " eight", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": " 1995", + "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": " Arizona Cardinals", + "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": " New England Patriots", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": " Arizona Cardinals", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": " New England Patriots", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": " Dallas Cowboys, and Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": " four", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": " Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": " 15\u20131", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": " Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": " 12\u20134", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": " four", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": " New England Patriots", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": " Cam Newton", - "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": " 15", - "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": " 15", - "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals", - "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", - "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP). They defeated the Arizona Cardinals", - "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": " 15", - "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", - "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": " 15", - "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": " 15", - "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", - "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": " seven", - "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": " Arizona Cardinals", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": " eight", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": " Arizona Cardinals", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": " Cam Newton", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": " Arizona Cardinals", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": " Arizona Cardinals", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": " Cam Newton", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": " Arizona Cardinals", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": " 1995", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": " Newton", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": " five", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": " Broncos", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": " Von Miller", - "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": " seven", - "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": " five", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": " Newton", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": " seven", - "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", - "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": " seven", - "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": " seven", - "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", - "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", - "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": " seven", - "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": " seven", - "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", - "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": " seven", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": " Von Miller", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": " three", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": " five", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": " Von Miller", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": " linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": " five", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": " five", + "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": " Von Miller", + "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": " five", "56d601e41c85041400946ece": " seven", - "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": " seven", - "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", - "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", - "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": " seven", + "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": " three", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": " a fumble", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": " Von Miller", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": " linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": " seven", - "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": " seven", - "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", - "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": " seven", - "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": " $5 million", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": " three", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": " Von Miller", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": " five", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": "CBS", "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": " $5 million", "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": " Coldplay", - "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": " Coldplay", - "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": " Coldplay", - "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": " Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": " Super Bowl XLVII", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": "CBS", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": " $5 million", - "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": " Coldplay", - "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": " Coldplay", - "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": " Coldplay", - "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": " $5 million", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": " Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": " Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": " Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": "CBS", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": " $5 million", - "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": " Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", - "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": " Coldplay", - "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": " Coldplay", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": " Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": " third", + "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": "CBS", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": " $5 million", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": " Coldplay", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": " Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", - "56d602631c85041400946ed8": " Coldplay", + "56d602631c85041400946ed8": "CBS", "56d602631c85041400946eda": " Coldplay", - "56d602631c85041400946edb": " Coldplay", - "56d602631c85041400946edc": " Coldplay", + "56d602631c85041400946edb": " Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d602631c85041400946edc": " Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": " $5 million", - "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": " Coldplay", - "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": " Coldplay", - "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": " Coldplay", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": " Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": " Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": " Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": " Roger Goodell", - "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": " 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\" and that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".", - "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": " early 2012", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": " 50th", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": " 2012", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": " Roger Goodell", - "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": " early 2012", + "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": " 2012", "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": " Roger Goodell", "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": " Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": " Roger Goodell", - "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": " 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular", - "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": " the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular", - "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": " 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular", - "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": " Mercedes-Benz Superdome", - "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": " Mercedes-Benz Superdome", - "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": " Miami", - "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": " Mercedes-Benz Superdome", - "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", - "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": " Miami", - "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": " Miami", - "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": " Levi's Stadium", - "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "an important game for us as a league\".", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "spectacular", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": " 2012", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": " Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": " Sun Life Stadium", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": " Levi's Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": " Levi's Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": " Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": " Sun Life Stadium", + "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": " three", - "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": " Miami", - "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": " Levi's Stadium", - "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", - "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": " Miami", - "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": " Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", - "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": " Miami", - "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": " Miami", - "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", - "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": " 10 times", - "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": " 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium", - "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": " 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium", - "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": " 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": " Sun Life Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": " San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": " Levi's Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": " San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": " Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": " Levi's Stadium", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": " October 16, 2012", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": " 10", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": " Super Bowl XLIV", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": " 2010", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": " 1985", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": " Sun Life Stadium", - "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": " Sun Life", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": " October 16, 2012", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": " Stanford Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": " May 3, 2013", - "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": " 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium", - "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": " 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010. The San Francisco Bay Area", - "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": " San Francisco Bay Area", - "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", - "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": " Levi's Stadium", - "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": " 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium", - "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": " San Francisco Bay Area", - "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", - "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": " two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", - "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": " San Francisco Bay Area", - "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": " 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium", - "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": " Levi's Stadium", - "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": " May 21", - "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": " Levi's Stadium", - "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": " May 21", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": " 2010", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": " 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": " Super Bowl XLIV", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": " two", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": " Florida legislature", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": " 1985", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": " New Orleans", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": " October 16, 2012", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": " 10", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": " New Orleans", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": " 1985", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": " Florida legislature", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": " May 21, 2013", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": " NFL owners", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": " 2014", "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": " $1.2 billion", - "56be5523acb8001400a50330": " Levi's Stadium", + "56be5523acb8001400a50330": " San Diego", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": " Boston", - "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": " May 21", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": " May 21, 2013", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": " $1.2 billion", - "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": " Levi's Stadium", - "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": " Boston", - "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": " May 21", - "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": " May 21", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": " XXXVII", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": " San Diego", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": " 2013", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": " 2014", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": " $1.2 billion", - "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": " May 21", - "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": " Levi's Stadium", - "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": " May 21", - "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": " May 21", - "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": " May 21", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": " 1985", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": " Super Bowl XIX", + "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": " 1985", + "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": " 2014", + "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": " 2003", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": " Boston", - "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": " May 21", - "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": " May 21", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": " May 21, 2013", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": " 2014", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": " $1.2 billion", - "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": " May 21", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": " 2003", "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": " John Fox", - "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": " six", - "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": " Denver Broncos", - "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": " Denver Broncos", - "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": " Carolina Panthers", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": " ten", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": " six", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": " Carolina Panthers", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": " Super Bowl 50", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": " John Fox", - "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": " Carolina Panthers", - "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": " six", - "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": " John Fox", - "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": " Denver Broncos", - "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": " John Fox", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": " four", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": " ten", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": " Super Bowl XXXVIII", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": " six", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": " The Carolina Panthers became one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss, and one of only six", "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": " Carolina Panthers", - "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": " Carolina Panthers", - "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": " John Fox", - "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": " 15\u20131 record, while the Denver Broncos", - "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": " 15", - "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": " 15", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": " prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": " prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": " six", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": " one loss, and one of only six", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": " six", "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": " John Fox", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": " DeAngelo Williams", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": " Kelvin Benjamin", - "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": " 15", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": " seventh", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": " 1978", - "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": " 15", - "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": " Ten", - "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": " Ten", - "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": " Kelvin Benjamin", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": " Carolina Panthers", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": " Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": " Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": " DeAngelo Williams", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": " 1978", - "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": " 2009 New Orleans Saints and the 2011 Green Bay Packers", - "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": " 2009 New Orleans Saints", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": " 2009", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": " 2009", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": " torn ACL", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": " Kelvin Benjamin", - "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": " Kelvin Benjamin", - "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": " 14", - "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": " eight", - "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": " Kelvin Benjamin", - "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": " 14", - "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": " 14", - "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": " eight", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": " DeAngelo Williams", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": " 1978", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": " Ten", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": " Carolina Panthers", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": " 1978", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": " Carolina Panthers", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": " Ten", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": " six", - "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": " six", - "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": " six", - "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": " six", - "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": " Ryan Kalil", - "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": " 13 games, along with Pro Bowl fullback Mike Tolbert", - "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": " 99.4. Newton's leading receivers were tight end Greg Olsen", - "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": " Ryan Kalil", - "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "39 receptions for 485 yards), rookie Devin Funchess (31 receptions for 473 yards and five touchdowns), and second-year receiver Corey Brown", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": " 45", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": " 45", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": " 27", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": " Greg Olsen", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": " 45", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": " 99.4", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": " 77", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": " rookie", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": " Jonathan Stewart", - "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": " Ryan Kalil", - "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": " Jonathan Stewart", - "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": " six", - "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": " six", - "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": " 13 games, along with Pro Bowl fullback Mike Tolbert", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": " six", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": " Cam Newton", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": " 3,837", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": " 45", + "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": " 989", "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": "500", - "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": " six", - "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": " six", - "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": " 99.4. Newton's leading receivers were tight end Greg Olsen", - "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": " six", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": " 3,837", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": " 45", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": " 99.4", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "39", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": " 308", - "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": " 5-time pro bowler who was the NFL's active career sack leader with 136", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": " 136", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "118", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": " four", - "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": " Mario Addison", - "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": " 308", - "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": " Mario Addison", - "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": " 308", - "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": " 308", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": " Josh Norman", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": " 24", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": " Kawann Short", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": " four", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": " three", "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": " Mario Addison", - "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": " 308", - "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": " Mario Addison", - "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": " Mario Addison", - "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": " 24", - "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": " Wade Phillips", - "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": " Wade Phillips", - "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": " Wade Phillips", - "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": " Wade Phillips", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": " 24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": " Jared Allen", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": " Jared Allen", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": " four", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": " John Fox", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": " Brock Osweiler", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": " Indianapolis Colts", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": " San Diego Chargers", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": " Wade Phillips", - "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": " Wade Phillips", - "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": " Wade Phillips", - "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": " Wade Phillips", - "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": " Wade Phillips", - "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": " Wade Phillips", - "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": " Wade Phillips", - "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": " Wade Phillips", - "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": " Wade Phillips", - "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": " Wade Phillips", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": " four", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": " Gary Kubiak", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": " Indianapolis Colts", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": " 39", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": " partial tear of the plantar fasciitis in his left foot", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": " Gary Kubiak", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": " Peyton Manning", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": " plantar fasciitis", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": " 39", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": " 13", - "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": " Wade Phillips", - "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": " Wade Phillips", - "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": " Wade Phillips", - "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": " Wade Phillips", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": " John Fox", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": " Peyton Manning", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": " John Fox", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": " left foot", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": " Wade Phillips", - "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": " 67", - "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": " 67", - "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": " 67", - "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": " 67", - "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": " 17", - "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": " 67.9 passer rating", - "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": " 67", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": " 67.9", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": " 2,249", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": " Ronnie Hillman", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": " Ronnie Hillman", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": " 2,249", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": " 67.9", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": " 2,249 yards", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": " 67", - "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": " 67", - "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": " 67.9 passer rating, throwing for 2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler", - "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": " 67", - "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": " 67", - "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": " 67", - "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": " 67", - "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": " 67", - "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": " 67", - "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": " Ronnie Hillman", - "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": " 67.9 passer rating", - "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": " Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns, while Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": " Veteran receiver", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": " 67.9", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": " 17", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": " Demaryius Thomas", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": " 2,249", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": " 67.9", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": " 17", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": " Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": " C. J. Anderson", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": " 720", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "4,530", - "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "4,530", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": " 5\u00bd", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": " Danny Trevathan", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "three", - "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": " Derek Wolfe", - "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": " Derek Wolfe", - "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": " Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", - "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "4,530", - "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": " Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller", - "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": " Derek Wolfe", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": " Linebacker", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": " Linebacker", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": " Defensive ends", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "296", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": " Von Miller", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": " Von Miller", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "three", - "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": " Derek Wolfe", - "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": " Derek Wolfe", - "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": " Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller", - "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": " 31\u201324, avenging their elimination from a year earlier. The Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", - "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": " Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round", - "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": " 31", - "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": " 49\u201315, racking up 48", - "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": " Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", - "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": " Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", - "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": " Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", - "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": " seven", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": " Von Miller", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": " Danny Trevathan", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": " Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": " Seattle Seahawks", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": " Arizona Cardinals", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": " 487", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": " 487", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": " 31\u20130", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": " Arizona Cardinals", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": " 487", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": " 48", "56d701280d65d214001982b8": " Seattle Seahawks", - "56d701280d65d214001982ba": " Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", + "56d701280d65d214001982ba": " Seattle Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982bc": " seven", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": " Seattle Seahawks", - "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": " 49\u201315", - "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": " Arizona Cardinals", - "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": " 31", - "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": " 11", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": " 487", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": " Seattle Seahawks", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": " 487", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": " Pittsburgh Steelers", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": " 11", - "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": " 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game", - "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": " 11", - "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": " 23\u201316, by scoring 11", - "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": " 11", - "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": " 11", - "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": " 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game", - "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": " 23", - "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": " 11", - "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": " 11", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": " New England Patriots", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": " 20\u201318", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": " 17 seconds", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": " 11 points", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": " New England Patriots", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": " 17", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": " Manning", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": " Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": " 11", - "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": " 11", - "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": " 11", - "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": " 11", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": " New England Patriots", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": " New England Patriots", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": " 17", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": " Thomas Davis", - "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": " 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game", - "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": " 11", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": " a broken arm", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": " three", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": " 11", - "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": " 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game", - "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": " 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": " ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": " arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": " 11", - "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": " 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game", - "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": " 11", - "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": " 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": " Super Bowl", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": " three", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": " a broken arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": " 11", "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": " Thomas Davis", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": " 39", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": " John Elway", - "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": " 39", - "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": " John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", - "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": " John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", - "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": " John Elway", - "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": " John Elway", - "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": " 39", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": " 38", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": " Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": " Broncos", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": " Broncos", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": " John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": " 38", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": " John Elway", - "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": " John Elway", - "56d704430d65d214001982de": " John Elway", - "56d704430d65d214001982e0": " John Elway", - "56d704430d65d214001982e1": " John Elway", - "56d704430d65d214001982e2": " John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", - "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": " John Elway", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": " two", + "56d704430d65d214001982de": " two", + "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "Peyton Manning", + "56d704430d65d214001982e1": " 39", + "56d704430d65d214001982e2": " Super Bowl XXXIII", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": "Peyton Manning", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": " 39", - "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": " John Elway", - "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": " 1998 NFL draft, while Newton", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "Peyton Manning", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": " 1998", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": " 2011", - "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": " 13 years and 48 days", - "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": " 13 years and 48 days", - "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": " Manning", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": " 26", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": " 39, Newton was 26", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": " Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": " Manning", - "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": " Manning", - "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": " 13 years and 48 days", - "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": " Carolina and Von Miller", - "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": " 1998 NFL draft, while Newton", - "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": " 2011. The matchup also pits the top two picks of the 2011 draft against each other: Newton for Carolina and Von Miller", - "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": " Carolina and Von Miller", - "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": " 2011. The matchup also pits the top two picks of the 2011 draft against each other: Newton for Carolina and Von Miller", - "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": " 13 years and 48 days", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": " Newton", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": " 26", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": " first", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": " 1998", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": " 2011", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": " Newton", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": " 2011", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": " 26", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": " 13 years and 48 days", - "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": " Kubiak replacing Elway", - "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": " Kubiak", - "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": " Kubiak", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": " XX", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": " Chicago Bears", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": " linebacker", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": " Elway", - "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": " Elway", - "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": " Kubiak", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": " Chicago Bears", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": " linebacker", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": " Elway", - "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": " Kubiak replacing Elway", - "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": " Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX, and Kubiak", - "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", - "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": " Kubiak", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": " XX", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": " Justin Tucker", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": " Bermuda 419 turf", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": " Ed Mangan", - "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": " the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf. NFL and Atlanta Braves field director Ed Mangan", - "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": " the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf. NFL and Atlanta Braves field director Ed Mangan", - "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", - "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": " Justin Tucker", - "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": " Justin Tucker", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": " Baltimore Ravens", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": " kicker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": " Justin Tucker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": " kicker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": " Bermuda 419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": " Justin Tucker", - "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": " Ed Mangan", - "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": " re-sodded the field with a new playing surface", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": " Bermuda 419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": " cleats", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": " Justin Tucker", - "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": " the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf. NFL and Atlanta Braves field director Ed Mangan", - "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": " Pittsburgh Steelers", - "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": " Pittsburgh Steelers", - "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": " Pittsburgh Steelers", - "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": " black", - "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": " Atlanta Falcons", - "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": " Atlanta Falcons", - "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": " Pittsburgh Steelers", - "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": " Pittsburgh Steelers", - "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": " black", - "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": " black", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": " natural grass", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": " Broncos", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": " 34\u201319", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": " Atlanta Falcons", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": " blue", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": " Super Bowl XXXIII", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": " Super Bowl XXXIII", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": " 34\u201319", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": " Atlanta Falcons", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": " blue", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": " blue", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": " Pittsburgh Steelers", - "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": " blue", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": " Super Bowl XXXIII", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": " blue", - "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": " black", - "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": " black", - "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": " orange", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": " blue", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": " San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": " Stanford University", - "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", - "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": " San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", - "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", - "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", - "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", - "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": " San Jose", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": " San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": " San Jose Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": " San Jose Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": " San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": " Stanford University", "56d70d240d65d21400198326": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", - "56d70d240d65d21400198327": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", - "56d70d240d65d21400198328": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", - "56d70d240d65d21400198329": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", - "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", - "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", - "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", - "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": " San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56d70d240d65d21400198327": " San Jose Marriott", + "56d70d240d65d21400198328": " Stanford University", + "56d70d240d65d21400198329": " Santa Clara Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": " San Jose Marriott", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": " Stanford University", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": " Santa Clara Marriott", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": " June 4, 2014", - "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": " Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI. Jaime Weston", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": " Super Bowl V", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": " Jaime Weston", - "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": " Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI. Jaime Weston", - "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": " Jaime Weston", - "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": " Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI. Jaime Weston", - "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": " Jaime Weston", - "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": " Arabic", - "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": " Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L. The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI. Jaime Weston", - "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": " Arabic", - "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": " Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI. Jaime Weston", - "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": " Jaime Weston", - "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": " Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI. Jaime Weston", - "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": " Jaime Weston", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": " Super Bowl XLV", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": " Vince Lombardi", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": " 2014", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": " Super Bowl LI", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": " Super Bowl L", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": " gold", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": " June 4, 2014", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": " Arabic", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": "L", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": " gold", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": " Super Bowl LI", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": " Arabic", - "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": " Jaime Weston", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": " Super Bowl 50", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": " gold", - "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": " gold", - "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": " sideline jackets", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": " week 7", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": " 50-yard line", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": " gold", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": " gold", - "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "Golden Super Bowl\"; gold-tinted logos", - "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "homecoming", - "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": " sideline jackets", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "Golden Super Bowl", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": " Gold footballs", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": " 50-yard line", "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": " gold", - "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": " San Francisco", - "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": " San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": " Moscone Center", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": " San Francisco", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": " Ed Lee", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": " Jane Kim", - "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": " January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza", - "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": " San Francisco mayor Ed Lee", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": " January 30", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": " 1 million", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": " Ed Lee", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": " Moscone Center", - "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": " Moscone Center", - "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": " San Francisco", - "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": " The Embarcadero", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": " NFL Experience", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": " Moscone Center in San Francisco", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "Super Bowl City\"", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": " Ed Lee", - "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": " The Embarcadero", - "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": " San Francisco mayor Ed Lee", - "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": " San Francisco city supervisor Jane Kim", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "Super Bowl City", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": " More than 1 million", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": " Ed Lee", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": " $5 million", - "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": " San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza", - "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": " Santa Clara Convention Center", - "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", - "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": " Bellomy Field", - "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", - "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": " Santa Clara Convention Center", - "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": " Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": " NFL Experience", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": " Santa Clara University", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": " $2 million", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": " week", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": " $2 million", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": " pep rally. A professional fundraiser", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": " the city council", "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": " Bellomy Field", - "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": " $2 million", - "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", - "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", - "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": " professional fundraiser", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": " the city council", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": " $2 million", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": " professional fundraiser will aid in finding business sponsors and individual donors, but still may need the city council", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": " February 1, 2016", - "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": " Tuesday afternoon", - "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": " Tuesday", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": " SAP Center", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": " San Jose", - "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", - "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": " Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", - "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": " February 1, 2016", - "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", - "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", - "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": " Golden Gate Bridge", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": " Tuesday", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": " Tuesday", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": " Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": " SAP Center", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": " San Jose", "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": " Tuesday afternoon", "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": " Super Bowl Opening Night", - "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": " Tuesday afternoon", - "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": " San Jose. Alongside the traditional media availabilities, the event featured an opening ceremony with player introductions on a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge", - "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", - "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": " Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", - "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", - "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": " SAP Center", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": " Golden Gate Bridge", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": " Monday evening", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": " Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": " SAP Center", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": " Golden Gate Bridge", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": " February 1, 2016", - "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": " The host committee has already raised over $40 million", - "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": "40 million", - "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": " Apple", - "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": " Apple", - "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": " Apple", - "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": " Committee", - "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": "40 million", - "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": "40 million", - "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": " The host committee has already raised over $40 million", - "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": " The host committee has already raised over $40 million", - "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": "40 million", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": " over $40 million", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": " Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity Health", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": " Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity Health", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": " Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity Health", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": " the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": " over $40 million", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": " sponsors", + "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": " Business Connect", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": " Business Connect", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": " over $40 million", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": " 25 percent", - "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": " 25 percent", + "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": " 25 percent", - "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": " 25 percent", - "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": " 25 percent", - "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": " 25", - "56d71d150d65d21400198370": " 25 percent", + "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": " 50 fund", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": " giving Super Bowl ever", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": " 25 percent", + "56d71d150d65d21400198370": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": " 25 percent", - "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": " 25 percent", - "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": " Tiffany & Co.", - "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": " 18-karat gold-plated \"50\".", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": " Vince Lombardi", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": " 18", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": " 18-karat gold", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": " Tiffany & Co.", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": " Tiffany & Co.", - "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": " Tiffany & Co.", - "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": " Tiffany & Co.", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": " Vince Lombardi Trophy", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": " 18-karat gold", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": " Tiffany & Co.", - "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": "50\".", + "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": " Vince Lombardi Trophy", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": " Tiffany & Co.", - "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", - "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": " Tracy Wolfson", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": " CBS", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": " Phil Simms", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": " Tracy Wolfson", - "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": " 5", - "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": " 5K resolution", - "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", - "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": " Evan Washburn", - "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": " pylon cameras", - "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": " 5K resolution", - "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", - "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", - "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", - "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", - "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": " Tracy Wolfson", - "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": " Tracy Wolfson", - "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": " 5K resolution", - "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": " Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", - "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": " ESPN Deportes' Monday Night Football", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": " 36", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": " 36 cameras along the upper deck that can be used to provide a 360-degree view of plays and \"bullet time\" effects", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": " three", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": " the sidelines", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": " 360-degree", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": " 5K", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": " the sidelines", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": " CBS", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": " three", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": " CBS", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": " Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": " Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": " 5K", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": " the cameras were upgraded to 5K resolution", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": " CBS", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": " John Sutcliffe", - "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": " John Sutcliffe", - "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": " Monday Night Football", - "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": " Monday Night Football", - "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": " Monday Night Football", - "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": " ESPN Deportes' Monday Night Football", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": " Alvaro Martin", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": " December 28, 2015", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": " Spanish", + "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": " CBS", + "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": " ESPN Deportes", "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": " John Sutcliffe", - "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": " Monday Night Football", - "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": " John Sutcliffe", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": " CBS", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": " Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": " John Sutcliffe", - "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": " via the NFL Mobile service", - "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": " Spanish", - "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": " CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": " NFL Mobile service", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": " WatchESPN", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": " CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": " tablets", - "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": " tablets", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": " Windows 10", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": " CBSSports.com", - "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": " CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", - "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": " Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service", - "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": " CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", - "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": " Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service", - "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": " via the NFL Mobile service", - "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": " CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", - "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": " Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service. The ESPN Deportes", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": " smartphones", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": " Verizon Wireless", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": " NFL Mobile service. The ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast was made available through WatchESPN", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": " Verizon Wireless", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": " NFL Mobile service", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": " digital streams", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": " Verizon Wireless", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": " WatchESPN", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": " The Late Late Show with James Corden", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198396": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", - "56d720c70d65d21400198397": " The Late Late Show with James Corden", - "56d720c70d65d21400198398": " The Late Late Show with James Corden", - "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": " $5,000", - "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": " $5,000", - "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", - "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": " 20th anniversary of the Pok\u00e9mon video game and media franchise", - "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": " $5,000", - "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": " $5,000", - "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": " Nintendo", - "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": " Nintendo", - "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": " 20th anniversary of the Pok\u00e9mon video game", - "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": " $5,000", - "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": " Nintendo", - "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": " $5,000", - "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": " Nintendo", - "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": " $5,000", - "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Small Business Big Game\" contest", - "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": "Small Business", - "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": " 30", + "56d720c70d65d21400198397": " Super Bowl 50", + "56d720c70d65d21400198398": " CBS also aired a special episode of The Late Late Show with James Corden", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": " $5,000,000", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": " Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": " Doritos", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": " 20th", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": " $5,000,000", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": " Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": " Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": " The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": " Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": " Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": " Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": " Anheuser-Busch InBev", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "Crash the Super Bowl", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Small Business Big Game", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": " Death Wish Coffee", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": " 30-second", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": " nine", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": " Death Wish Coffee", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": " nine", - "56d722330d65d214001983a6": " Death Wish Coffee", - "56d722330d65d214001983a7": "Small Business Big Game\" contest", + "56d722330d65d214001983a6": "QuickBooks", + "56d722330d65d214001983a7": " Death Wish Coffee", "56d722330d65d214001983a8": " nine", - "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": " Death Wish Coffee", - "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "Small Business Big Game", - "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": " Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America: Civil War", - "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": " Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America: Civil War", - "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": " The Secret Life of Pets and the debut trailer for Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America: Civil War", - "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": " Captain America: Civil War", - "56d723560d65d214001983ac": " Fox paid for Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse", - "56d723560d65d214001983ad": " The Secret Life of Pets and the debut trailer for Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America: Civil War", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "QuickBooks", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": " Death Wish Coffee", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": " Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America: Civil War, The Jungle Book and Alice Through the Looking Glass", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": "20th Century Fox", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": " The Secret Life of Pets", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": " Resurgence", + "56d723560d65d214001983ac": " movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl. Fox paid for Deadpool", + "56d723560d65d214001983ad": " The Secret Life of Pets", "56d723560d65d214001983ae": " Jason Bourne", "56d723560d65d214001983af": " Captain America: Civil War", - "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": " Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse", - "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": " Captain America: Civil War", - "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": " Fox paid for Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, Independence Day: Resurgence and Eddie the Eagle, Lionsgate paid for Gods of Egypt", - "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": " Kevin Harlan", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": " Deadpool", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "20th Century Fox", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": "20th Century Fox", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "Westwood One", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": " Kevin Harlan", - "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": " Kevin Harlan", - "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton", - "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": " Kevin Harlan", - "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": " Kevin Harlan", - "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": " Kevin Harlan", - "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": " Kevin Harlan", - "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": " Boomer Esiason", - "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": " Kevin Harlan", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": " Jim Gray", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": " Boomer Esiason", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": " James Lofton", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": "Westwood One", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": " Jim Gray", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "Westwood One", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": " Kevin Harlan", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": " Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": " Kevin Harlan", - "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": " Kevin Harlan", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": " Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": " Kevin Harlan", - "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": " Kevin Harlan", - "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": " Kevin Harlan", - "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": " Dave Logan", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": " pre-game and halftime coverage", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": " North America", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": " KOA (850 AM) and KRFX", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": " Dave Logan", - "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": " Mick Mixon", - "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": " Mick Mixon", - "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": " Mick Mixon", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "1110 AM", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": " Chester, South Carolina", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": " Mick Mixon on play-by-play and Eugene Robinson", "56d724620d65d214001983be": " Dave Logan", - "56d724620d65d214001983bf": " Mick Mixon", - "56d724620d65d214001983c0": " Mick Mixon", - "56d724620d65d214001983c1": " Mick Mixon", - "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": " KOA (850 AM) and KRFX (103.5 FM) will carry the game, with Dave Logan", - "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": " Dave Logan", - "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": " Radio 5 Live", - "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": " Greg Brady", + "56d724620d65d214001983bf": " Dave Logan", + "56d724620d65d214001983c0": " WBT (1110 AM)", + "56d724620d65d214001983c1": " Dave Logan", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": " KOA (850 AM) and KRFX (103.5 FM)", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": " WBT (1110 AM)", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": " 5 Live", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": " 5 Live Sports", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": " Darren Fletcher", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": " BBC Radio 5", - "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": " Rocky Boiman", + "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": " Greg Brady", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": " Bart Starr", - "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": " Bart Starr", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": " Peyton Manning", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": " Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": " 2001", - "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": " Bart Starr", - "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": " 50th Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": " Peyton Manning", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": " 39", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": " Peyton Manning", - "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": " Bart Starr", - "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": " 50th Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", - "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": " 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": " Harvey Martin", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": " 39 of the 43", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": " 39 of the 43", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": " Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": " Bart Starr", - "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": " Bart Starr", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": " Harvey Martin", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six", - "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": " Marlee Matlin", - "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", - "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", - "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", - "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": " Marlee Matlin", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": " national anthem", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": " Academy Award", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": " American Sign Language", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": " American Sign Language", + "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": " Lady Gaga", "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": " Marlee Matlin", - "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": " Marlee Matlin", + "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": " Lady Gaga", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": " Marlee Matlin", - "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": " Marlee Matlin", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": " Lady Gaga", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": " Marlee Matlin", - "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": " Bruno Mars", - "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": " Bruno Mars", - "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": " Coldplay", - "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": " Bruno Mars", - "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": " Coldplay", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": " December 3", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": " British", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": " XLVII", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": "Hymn for the Weekend", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": " Super Bowl XLVIII", "56d725790d65d214001983d8": " Coldplay", - "56d725790d65d214001983da": " Bruno Mars", - "56d725790d65d214001983db": " Bruno Mars", + "56d725790d65d214001983da": " Coldplay", + "56d725790d65d214001983db": "Hymn for the Weekend", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": " Coldplay", - "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": " Bruno Mars", - "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": " Bruno Mars", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": " Beyonc\u00e9", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": "Hymn for the Weekend", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": " Bruno Mars", - "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": " Peyton Manning", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": " Andre Caldwell", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": " Ronnie Hillman", - "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": " Peyton Manning", - "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": " Ronnie Hillman", - "56d728a10d65d21400198413": " 14", - "56d728a10d65d21400198414": " 3", - "56d728a10d65d21400198415": " Peyton Manning", - "56d728a10d65d21400198416": " Ronnie Hillman", - "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": " Peyton Manning", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": " Thomas Davis", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": " Thomas Davis", + "56d728a10d65d21400198413": " 18", + "56d728a10d65d21400198414": " Shaq Thompson", + "56d728a10d65d21400198415": " Thomas Davis", + "56d728a10d65d21400198416": " deficit", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": " Panthers", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": " Owen Daniels", - "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": " Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", - "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": " Ronnie Hillman", - "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": " Ronnie Hillman", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": " Owen Daniels", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": " Thomas Davis", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": " a deficit", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": " Mike Carey", - "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": " Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery", - "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": " Malik Jackson", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": " Cam Newton", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": " Von Miller", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": " Malik Jackson", - "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": " 1993 season", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": " Super Bowl XXVIII", "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": " Jerricho Cotchery", - "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": " Jerricho Cotchery", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": " Mike Carey", "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": " Malik Jackson", "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": " Malik Jackson", - "56d728e00d65d21400198420": " 1993 season", - "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": " Jerricho Cotchery", - "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": " Malik Jackson", - "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": " Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery", + "56d728e00d65d21400198420": " 1993", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": " Mike Carey", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": " Von Miller", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": " Malik Jackson", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": " 1993 season", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": " Jonathan Stewart", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": " Jonathan Stewart", - "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": " 73", - "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": " 73", - "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": " 13", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": " 28", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": " 61", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": " 33", "56d729180d65d21400198426": " 51", - "56d729180d65d21400198427": " 11:28 left in the second quarter. Later on, Broncos receiver Jordan Norwood", - "56d729180d65d21400198428": " 9", + "56d729180d65d21400198427": " Jonathan Stewart", + "56d729180d65d21400198428": " 11:28", "56d729180d65d21400198429": " Mario Addison", - "56d729180d65d2140019842a": " 13", - "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": " 9-play, 73-yard scoring drive. Newton completed 4 of 4 passes for 51 yards and rushed twice for 25 yards, while Jonathan Stewart", - "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": " 73", - "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": " Danny Trevathan", - "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart, which linebacker Danny Trevathan recovered on the Broncos 40-yard line", - "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": " Mike Tolbert", - "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": " Mike Tolbert", + "56d729180d65d2140019842a": " 11", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": " Jonathan Stewart", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": " 10\u20137", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": " Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": " fullback", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": " Kony Ealy", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": " DeMarcus Ware", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": " DeMarcus Ware", - "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart, which linebacker Danny Trevathan", - "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", - "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": " 19", - "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": " Mike Tolbert", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": " Mike Tolbert", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": " Kony Ealy", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": " 19 yards", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": " Kony Ealy", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": " Mike Tolbert", - "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", - "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", - "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": " Danny Trevathan", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": " Kony Ealy", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": " drove to the Broncos 45-yard line. But with 11 seconds left, Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware as time expired", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": " DeMarcus Ware", - "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": " Ted Ginn Jr.", - "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": " 42-yard pass to Corey Brown", - "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": " 16", - "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": " 42-yard pass to Corey Brown", - "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": " 42-yard pass to Corey Brown", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": " Ted Ginn Jr", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": " Graham Gano", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": " 45", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": " Graham Gano", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": " Trevathan", "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": " Ted Ginn Jr.", - "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": " 44", - "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": " 42-yard pass to Corey Brown", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": " uprights", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": " T. J. Ward", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": " Trevathan", - "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": " 42-yard pass to Corey Brown", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": " Corey Brown", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": " 26-yard line", - "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": " 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": " Graham Gano", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": " Emmanuel Sanders", - "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": " 16-yard reception by Devin Funchess", - "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": " 16", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": " Carolina on the 50-yard line. A 16-yard reception by Devin Funchess", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": " 39", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": " Devin Funchess", - "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": " 16-yard reception by Devin Funchess", - "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": " 41-yard line", - "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": " 16-yard reception by Devin Funchess", - "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": " 16-yard reception by Devin Funchess", - "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": " 41-yard line", - "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": " 16-yard reception by Devin Funchess", - "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": " 16", - "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": " 16", - "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": " 16", - "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": " 3", - "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": " Miller", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": " Stewart", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": " 41-yard", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": " Ealy", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": " Carolina on the 50-yard line", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": " punts", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": " Ealy", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": " 41-yard line", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": " 39", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": " three", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": " 24-yard", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": " Miller stripped the ball away from Newton", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": " Josh Norman", - "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": " Miller", - "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": " Miller", - "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": " Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward", - "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": " Ward, who returned it five", - "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": " Miller stripped the ball away from Newton", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": " Miller", + "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": " Ward", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": " Ward, who returned it five yards to the Panthers 4-yard line. Although several players dove into the pile to attempt to recover it, Newton", "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": " Josh Norman", - "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": " 4", - "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": " 3", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": " 3:08 left", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": " 4:51", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": " Miller", - "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": " five", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": " three", - "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": " 2-yard touchdown run", - "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": " 13", - "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": " 13 of 23", - "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": " 13 of 23", - "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": " Charles Johnson", - "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": " 13", - "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": " 13", - "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": " 13 of 23", - "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": " Charles Johnson", - "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": " Charles Johnson", - "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": " Charles Johnson", - "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": " Charles Johnson", - "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": " Charles Johnson", - "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": " 13", - "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": " 13 of 23", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": " six", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": " 13 of 23 for 141", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": " four", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": " Luke Kuechly", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": " 18", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": " 13 of 23 for 141", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": " 13 of 23 for 141", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": " Anderson", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": " Sanders", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": " Luke Kuechly", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": " Ealy", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": " Anderson", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": " 11", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": " 18", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": " four", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": "315", - "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "21", - "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": "315", - "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": " John Taylor", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "21 to 11", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": " Baltimore Ravens", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": " Jordan Norwood", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": " Gary Kubiak", "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": "315", - "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "21", - "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": " Jordan Norwood", - "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": "315", - "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": "21", - "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "21", - "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": "315", - "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": " Jordan Norwood", - "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": " Gary Kubiak", - "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska", + "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "21 to 11", + "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": " Chicago Bears", + "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": " Carolina", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": "21 to 11", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "21 to 11", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": " Denver", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": " Chicago Bears", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": " two", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": " Nobel Prize", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": " 1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", - "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": " seven months old. Casimir Pulaski", - "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": " two-level garden with a terrace facing the pond. The park around the Kr\u00f3likarnia Palace", - "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": " two-level garden with a terrace facing the pond. The park around the Kr\u00f3likarnia Palace", - "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": " two-level garden with a terrace facing the pond. The park around the Kr\u00f3likarnia Palace", - "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": " two-level garden with a terrace facing the pond. The park around the Kr\u00f3likarnia Palace", - "57336755d058e614000b5a40": " two-level garden with a terrace facing the pond. The park around the Kr\u00f3likarnia", - "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "9 miles) from Warsaw, the Vistula river's environment changes strikingly and features a perfectly preserved ecosystem", - "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": " Vistula river's environment changes strikingly and features a perfectly preserved ecosystem, with a habitat of animals that includes the otter", - "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw \u2013 among others, Bielany Forest, Kabaty Woods, Czerniak\u00f3w Lake. About 15", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": " seven months", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": " 100", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": " Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "The Saxon Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": " east", + "57336755d058e614000b5a40": " Saxon Garden", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "9 miles", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": " otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": " 13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": " 13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": " clean them of plants and sediments", - "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": " Jewish minority", - "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": " Jewish minority", - "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": " Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 638,000, Jews constituted 219,000 (around 34%", - "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": " Jewish minority", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "Demographically", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": " 1,178,914", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": " 34%", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": " foreign-born inhabitants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": " internal migration and urbanisation", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": " Krak\u00f3w. Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": " 2,000", - "57339555d058e614000b5df6": " Krak\u00f3w. Warsaw University of Technology", + "57339555d058e614000b5df6": " Medical University of Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": " 1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": " Warsaw School of Economics", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": " 1816", - "57339902d058e614000b5e71": " two million", - "57339902d058e614000b5e72": " University Library", + "57339902d058e614000b5e71": " over two million", + "57339902d058e614000b5e72": " architects", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": " Irena Bajerska", - "57339902d058e614000b5e74": " 5,111", - "573399b54776f41900660e64": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland (especially Warsaw) was a major success, but what followed was very much the opposite", - "573399b54776f41900660e65": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland (especially Warsaw) was a major success, but what followed was very much the opposite", - "573399b54776f41900660e66": " growth", - "573399b54776f41900660e67": " Three-Year Plan", - "57339a554776f41900660e74": " Children's Memorial Health Institute", + "57339902d058e614000b5e74": " 5,111 m2", + "573399b54776f41900660e64": " infrastructure", + "573399b54776f41900660e65": " Three-Year Plan", + "573399b54776f41900660e66": " solid economic growth", + "573399b54776f41900660e67": " improved markedly", + "57339a554776f41900660e74": " Warsaw", "57339a554776f41900660e75": " Children's Memorial Health Institute", - "57339a554776f41900660e76": " Children's Memorial Health Institute", - "57339a554776f41900660e77": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", - "57339a554776f41900660e78": " Children's Memorial Health Institute", - "57339ad74776f41900660e86": " Polish National Opera", - "57339ad74776f41900660e87": " Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera", - "57339ad74776f41900660e88": " Culture", - "57339ad74776f41900660e89": " Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera", - "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": " Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera", - "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": " Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870", - "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": " Ogr\u00f3d Saski (the Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870", - "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": " 1870", - "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": " Leon Schiller", - "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": " Momus, Warsaw's first literary cabaret, and Leon Schiller's musical theatre Melodram. The Wojciech Bogus", - "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": " jumping over fires", - "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": " Wianki (Polish for Wreaths)", - "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Polish for Wreaths", - "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": " float their wreaths of herbs", - "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": " musical performances, dignitaries' speeches, fairs and fireworks by the river bank", - "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": " art posters in the world, Museum of Hunting and Riding", - "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": " Museum of Posters", - "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": " Adolf Hitler's private collection, and Museum of the Polish Army", - "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": " Polish Army", + "57339a554776f41900660e76": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", + "57339a554776f41900660e77": " 700", + "57339a554776f41900660e78": " developed", + "57339ad74776f41900660e86": " musical venues", + "57339ad74776f41900660e87": " events and festivals", + "57339ad74776f41900660e88": " Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw", + "57339ad74776f41900660e89": " Warsaw", + "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": " International Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin Piano Competition, the International Contemporary Music Festival Warsaw Autumn, the Jazz Jamboree", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": " Ogr\u00f3d Saski", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": " Ogr\u00f3d Saski", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": " 1870 to 1939", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": " Summer Theatre", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": " Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": " Wianki", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": " thousands", + "57339dd94776f41900660ece": " every year. Gatherings of thousands of people on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer\u2019s Night", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": " when they would be married", + "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": " fern", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": " art posters", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": " 60", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": " best collections of paintings", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": " works whose origin ranges in time from antiquity till the present epoch", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": " arms", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": " Warsaw Uprising Museum", - "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": " Katy\u0144 Museum which preserves the memory of the crime. The Warsaw Uprising Museum", - "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": " Uprising Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": " Warsaw Uprising Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": " stereoscopic", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": " Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": " 60", - "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": " Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", - "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": " 500 projects a year. Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", - "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": " Centre for Contemporary Art", - "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": " Centre for Contemporary Art", - "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": " Centre for Contemporary Art", - "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": " 1946, and won the cup twice as well. Polonia's home venue is located at Konwiktorska Street", - "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": " 1946, and won the cup twice as well. Polonia's home venue is located at Konwiktorska Street", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": " Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": " 500", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": " Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": " Polish and international artists", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": " September", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": " Polonia Warsaw", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": " 1946", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": " twice", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": " Konwiktorska Street", - "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": " financial situation", - "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": " Warsaw's symbol and can be found on statues throughout the city and on the city's coat of arms", - "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": " Warsaw's symbol and can be found on statues throughout the city and on the city's coat of arms", - "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": " The oldest existing armed seal of Warsaw is from the year 1390", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": " their disastrous financial situation", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": " coat of arms", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": " mermaid", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": " since at least the mid-14th century", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": " 1390", - "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": " 1653", - "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": " two of Triton", - "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": " Denmark", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": " a sword", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": " long ago two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey through the depths of the oceans", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": " the depths of the oceans", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": " Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": " Warszowa", - "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": " Artur", - "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": " Maria G\u00f3rska", - "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": " Maria G\u00f3rska in Warsaw to wealthy parents and in 1916 married a Polish lawyer Tadeusz \u0141empicki", - "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": " Art Deco style in painting and art. Nathan Alterman", - "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": " Maria G\u00f3rska in Warsaw to wealthy parents and in 1916 married a Polish lawyer Tadeusz \u0141empicki", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": " he followed the fishermen", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": " Warsaw", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": " 1916", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": " Art Deco style", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": " poet", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": " Isaac Bashevis Singer", - "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": " Central Europe", - "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": " Central Europe", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": " Economist Intelligence Unit", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": " 2012", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": " FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", - "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": " The city is a significant centre of research and development, BPO, ITO, as well as of the Polish media industry. The Warsaw Stock Exchange", - "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": " Warsaw. It has been said that Warsaw, together with Frankfurt, London, Paris and Barcelona", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": " Warsaw Stock Exchange", + "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": " Frontex", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": " 1313", - "5733140a4776f419006606e1": " Warsaw", - "5733140a4776f419006606e2": " King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Krak\u00f3w to Warsaw in 1596", - "5733140a4776f419006606e3": " 1596", - "5733140a4776f419006606e4": " 85%", - "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "left bank of the Vistula) and diocese (right bank), and possesses various universities, most notably the Polish Academy of Sciences", + "5733140a4776f419006606e1": " Krak\u00f3w", + "5733140a4776f419006606e2": " 1596", + "5733140a4776f419006606e3": " King Sigismund III Vasa", + "5733140a4776f419006606e4": " it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": " Roman Catholic", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": " Polish Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": " UNESCO World Heritage Site", - "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": " St. John's Cathedral", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": " richness of colour", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": " luxurious parks and royal gardens", - "57332442d058e614000b5720": " miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa (English: \"The Capital City of Warsaw\").", - "57332442d058e614000b5721": " 12th/13th-century nobleman", - "57332442d058e614000b5722": " 12th/13th-century nobleman", - "57332442d058e614000b5723": " 12th/13th-century nobleman who owned a village located at the modern-day site of Mariensztat neighbourhood", + "57332442d058e614000b5720": " Warszawa", + "57332442d058e614000b5721": "belonging", + "57332442d058e614000b5722": " a shortened form of the masculine name of Slavic origin Warcis\u0142aw", + "57332442d058e614000b5723": " village located at the modern-day site of Mariensztat neighbourhood", "57332442d058e614000b5724": " miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", - "57332562d058e614000b5730": " Prince of P\u0142ock, Boles\u0142aw II of Masovia", - "57332562d058e614000b5731": " Warszowa", - "57332562d058e614000b5732": " Br\u00f3dno", + "57332562d058e614000b5730": " Jazd\u00f3w", + "57332562d058e614000b5731": " Prince of P\u0142ock, Boles\u0142aw", + "57332562d058e614000b5732": " 1300", "57332562d058e614000b5733": " 1413", "57332562d058e614000b5734": " 1526", - "5733266d4776f41900660712": " King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Krak\u00f3w to Warsaw in 1596", - "5733266d4776f41900660713": " 1529", - "5733266d4776f41900660714": " religious freedom", - "5733266d4776f41900660715": " Krak\u00f3w and Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom", + "5733266d4776f41900660712": " General Sejm", + "5733266d4776f41900660713": " 1569", + "5733266d4776f41900660714": " religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth", + "5733266d4776f41900660715": " central location between the Commonwealth's capitals", "5733266d4776f41900660716": " 1596", - "57332a734776f41900660726": " Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796", - "57332a734776f41900660727": " Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", + "57332a734776f41900660726": " 1796", + "57332a734776f41900660727": " Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": " Napoleon's army", - "57332a734776f41900660729": " Vienna", + "57332a734776f41900660729": " 1796", "57332a734776f4190066072a": " 1816", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": " 4 August 1915", - "57332b66d058e614000b5759": " Warsaw", - "57332b66d058e614000b575a": " Warsaw", - "57332b66d058e614000b575b": " eastern outskirts", - "57332b66d058e614000b575c": " Germany", - "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": " Warsaw", + "57332b66d058e614000b5759": " areas controlled by Russia", + "57332b66d058e614000b575a": " Pi\u0142sudski", + "57332b66d058e614000b575b": " 1920", + "57332b66d058e614000b575c": " the capital was successfully defended and the Red Army", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": " 1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": " German Nazi colonial administration", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": " 30%", - "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": " part of Hitler's \"Final Solution\" on 19 April 1943", - "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": " month", - "57332e48d058e614000b5762": " Warsaw. Knowing that Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland, the Polish government-in-exile in London", - "57332e48d058e614000b5763": " Warsaw from the Germans", - "57332e48d058e614000b5764": " The armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours, was partially successful, however it went on for 63 days", - "57332e48d058e614000b5765": " 63", - "57332e48d058e614000b5766": " 150,000 and 200,000", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": " 19 April 1943", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": " almost a month", + "57332e48d058e614000b5762": " Red Army", + "57332e48d058e614000b5763": " Germans", + "57332e48d058e614000b5764": " 1 August 1944", + "57332e48d058e614000b5765": " 48 hours", + "57332e48d058e614000b5766": " between 150,000 and 200,000", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Bricks for Warsaw\" campaign", - "57332f81d058e614000b5777": " Warsaw to address the housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city, such as the Palace of Culture", - "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Bricks for Warsaw\"", - "57332f81d058e614000b5779": " Warsaw\"", + "57332f81d058e614000b5777": " prefabricated", + "57332f81d058e614000b5778": " Eastern Bloc city", + "57332f81d058e614000b5779": " Palace of Culture", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": " UNESCO's World Heritage list", - "573330444776f41900660758": " John Paul celebrated Mass in Victory Square", - "573330444776f41900660759": " 1979 and 1983", - "573330444776f4190066075a": " a year", + "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", + "573330444776f41900660759": " solidarity movement and encouraged the growing anti-communist fervor", + "573330444776f4190066075a": " less than a year", "573330444776f4190066075b": " Victory Square", - "573330444776f4190066075c": " the incentive for the democratic changes", - "5733314e4776f4190066076a": " 260", - "5733314e4776f4190066076b": " 300", + "573330444776f4190066075c": " the incentive", + "5733314e4776f4190066076a": " 300", + "5733314e4776f4190066076b": " 300 km (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains and about 260 km (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 523", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": " Vistula River", - "5733314e4776f4190066076d": " 75.6 metres", - "5733314e4776f4190066076e": " 75.6 metres", - "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": " two main geomorphologic formations: the plain moraine plateau", - "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": " Vistula River", - "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": " Vistula Valley", - "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": " left and right. The left one is situated both on the moraine plateau", + "5733314e4776f4190066076d": " 115.7 metres", + "5733314e4776f4190066076e": " a height 75.6 metres (248.0 ft) (at the right bank of the Vistula", + "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": " two", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": " Vistula Valley", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": " the moraine plateau", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": " Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": " Warsaw Escarpment", - "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": " Vistula terraces is asymmetrical. The left side consist mainly of two levels: the highest one contains former flooded terraces", + "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "The plain moraine plateau", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": " former flooded terraces", - "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": " forested areas", - "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": " peat swamps", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": " valleys and ground depressions", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": " parted by peat swamps", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", - "57335fcad058e614000b5970": " razed", - "57335fcad058e614000b5971": " bombing", - "57335fcad058e614000b5972": " communist-ruled PRL.", + "57335fcad058e614000b5970": " the turbulent history of the city and country", + "57335fcad058e614000b5971": " During the Second World War", + "57335fcad058e614000b5972": " During the Second World War", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": " Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": " Eastern bloc", - "573361404776f4190066093c": " St. Hyacinth's Church", - "573361404776f4190066093d": " St. Hyacinth's Church", - "573361404776f4190066093e": " St. John's Cathedral (14th century), the temple is a typical example of the so-called Masovian gothic style", - "573361404776f4190066093f": "1562", - "573361404776f41900660940": "1596", + "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic", + "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", + "573361404776f4190066093e": " Masovian gothic style", + "573361404776f4190066093f": " Renaissance", + "573361404776f41900660940": " mannerist architecture", "573362b94776f41900660974": " 17th century", - "573362b94776f41900660975": " 17th century", - "573362b94776f41900660976": " Krasi\u0144ski Palace", - "573362b94776f41900660977": " Krasi\u0144ski Palace", - "573362b94776f41900660978": " 1775", - "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": " Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier in Paris). Despite that the Warsaw University of Technology", - "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": " Kronenberg Palace", - "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": " Palais Garnier in Paris). Despite that the Warsaw University of Technology", - "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": " Kronenberg Palace", - "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": " Kronenberg Palace", - "5733647e4776f419006609ae": " Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo", - "5733647e4776f419006609af": " Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory", - "5733647e4776f419006609b0": " November Uprising, was a place of martyr for the Poles", - "5733647e4776f419006609b1": " Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo", - "5733647e4776f419006609b2": " Wincenty Ku\u0107ma", - "573368044776f41900660a29": "Ogr\u00f3d Zoologiczny", + "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692", + "573362b94776f41900660976": " rococo", + "573362b94776f41900660977": " The neoclassical architecture", + "573362b94776f41900660978": " 1775\u20131795", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": " bourgeois architecture", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": " they were rebuilt in socialist realism style", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": " socialist realism", + "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": " Warsaw University of Technology building", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": " the most distinctive", + "5733647e4776f419006609ae": " Warsaw Uprising Monument", + "5733647e4776f419006609af": " Pawiak", + "5733647e4776f419006609b0": " Warsaw Citadel", + "5733647e4776f419006609b1": " the children who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising", + "5733647e4776f419006609b2": " Warsaw Uprising Monument", + "573368044776f41900660a29": " green spaces", "573368044776f41900660a2a": " New Orangery", - "573368044776f41900660a2b": " Botanic Garden", - "573368044776f41900660a2c": " Culture", + "573368044776f41900660a2b": " New Orangery", + "573368044776f41900660a2c": " Park Ujazdowski", "573368044776f41900660a2d": " 1865\u20131871", - "573368e54776f41900660a53": " The species richness is mainly due to the location of Warsaw within the border region", - "573368e54776f41900660a54": " within the borders of Warsaw", - "573368e54776f41900660a55": " within the borders of Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest", - "573368e54776f41900660a56": " Kabaty Forest", - "573368e54776f41900660a57": " by the \u0141azienki park (a didactic-research unit of the University of Warsaw) as well as by the Park of Culture", - "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": " 420,000", + "573368e54776f41900660a53": " the location of Warsaw within the border region", + "573368e54776f41900660a54": " the borders of Warsaw", + "573368e54776f41900660a55": " Masovian Primeval Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a56": " Bielany Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a57": " two", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": " 1,300,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": " 420,000", - "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": " 420", - "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": " 420", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": " better only because they lived in the capital", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": " residency registration", - "57338007d058e614000b5bda": " multi-cultural city", - "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": " multi-cultural city", + "57338007d058e614000b5bda": " multi-cultural", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": " 56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": " 56.2%", - "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": " 56.2%", - "57338007d058e614000b5bde": " multi-cultural city", - "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": " Krak\u00f3w do not have entitlements", - "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": " Krak\u00f3w do not have entitlements", - "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": " Krak\u00f3w are of the same type", - "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": " Council", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": " 35.7% Jews, 5% Greek orthodox Christians and 2.8%", + "57338007d058e614000b5bde": " the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944", + "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": " a commune", + "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": " counties or powiats", + "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": " Krak\u00f3w do not have entitlements of powiat, so the registration numbers in Krak\u00f3w", + "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": " 60", - "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": " 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years. Like most legislative bodies, the City Council", - "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": " 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years. Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": " every four years", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": " committees", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": " 30", - "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": " Jan Andrze", - "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": " Jan Andrze", - "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": " Jan Andrzej Menich (1695", - "57338255d058e614000b5c10": " Jan Andrze", - "57338255d058e614000b5c11": " Jan Andrze", - "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie), is home not only to many national institutions", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": " President.", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": " Jan Andrzej", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696", + "57338255d058e614000b5c10": " the City council", + "57338255d058e614000b5c11": " Centrum", + "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", "573382d24776f41900660c38": " 304,016", - "573382d24776f41900660c39": " centre", + "573382d24776f41900660c39": " emerging market", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": " 12%", - "573382d24776f41900660c3b": " 191.766 billion", + "573382d24776f41900660c3b": " 191.766 billion PLN", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": " 1817", - "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": " 1817", - "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": " 1817", - "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": " Warsaw Stock Exchange", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": " World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": " 1817 and continued trading until World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": " 374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": " Polish United Workers' Party", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": " 1951", - "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": " AvtoZAZ, a Ukrainian car manufacturer which assembled there the Chevrolet Aveo. The license for the production of the Aveo expired in February 2011", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": " Chevrolet Aveo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": " Daewoo", - "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": " AvtoZAZ, a Ukrainian", - "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": " February 2011", - "573166ede6313a140071cef2": " Vistula River", - "573166ede6313a140071cef3": " Vistula River", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": " AvtoZAZ", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": " February 2011 and has since not been renewed", + "573166ede6313a140071cef2": " Warszawa", + "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "Warsaw", "573166ede6313a140071cef4": " Vistula River", - "573166ede6313a140071cef5": " 1.740 million", - "573166ede6313a140071cef6": " 1.740 million", - "5732b6b5328d981900602021": " Vistula River", + "573166ede6313a140071cef5": " 2.666 million", + "573166ede6313a140071cef6": " 9th", + "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": " Vistula River", - "5732b6b5328d981900602023": " 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains", - "5732b6b5328d981900602024": " 1.740 million", - "5732b6b5328d981900602025": " 1.740 million", - "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": " Norse (\"Norman\" comes from \"Norseman\") raiders and pirates from Denmark", - "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": " Norse (\"Norman\" comes from \"Norseman\") raiders and pirates", - "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": " Normandy, a region in France. They were descended from Norse (\"Norman\" comes from \"Norseman\") raiders and pirates from Denmark", - "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": " Rollo, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia", - "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": " 10th century", - "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": " 1066", + "5732b6b5328d981900602023": " 260 kilometres", + "5732b6b5328d981900602024": " 2.666 million", + "5732b6b5328d981900602025": " 9th", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": " France", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": " 10th and 11th centuries", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": " Denmark, Iceland and Norway", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": " Rollo", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": " 10th", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": " William the Conqueror", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": " Richard I", - "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": " martial spirit and eventually for their Christian piety", - "56dde0379a695914005b9636": " \"Norseman, Viking\".", - "56dde0379a695914005b9637": " 9th century) to mean \"Norseman, Viking\".", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": " Christian", + "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Norseman", + "56dde0379a695914005b9637": " 9th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": " 911", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": " King Charles III of West Francia", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": " Seine", - "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": " Danes", - "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": " the adoption of the indigenous langue d'o\u00efl branch", - "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": " Norman language was forged by the adoption of the indigenous langue d'o\u00efl branch of Romance by a Norse-speaking ruling class", - "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": " 1066 Normandy had been exporting fighting horse", - "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": " William of Apulia", - "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": " William of Apulia tells that, in 1016, Norman pilgrims to the shrine of the Archangel Michael", - "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": " Monte Gargano were met by Melus of Bari", - "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": " William Iron Arm", + "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": " Rollo's contingents", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": " Catholicism", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": " north", + "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": " fighting horsemen", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": " 999", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": " Archangel Michael at Monte Gargano", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": " Monte Gargano", + "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": " Drogo", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": " Duke Sergius IV of Naples", - "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": " William Iron Arm's citadel", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": " Saracens", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": " 1130", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": " Squillace", - "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": " king Roger II", - "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "The Book of Roger\").", - "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": " Jews, Muslims and Christians", - "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": " Pechenegs", - "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": " Alexius Komnenos", - "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": " Roussel de Bail", + "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": "Kitab Rudjdjar", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "The Book of Roger", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": " feudal law and order to forge a unique government", + "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": " Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": " 1050s", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": " 1060s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": " Alexius Komnenos", - "56de10b44396321400ee2593": " Oursel led a force of \"Franks\" into the upper Euphrates valley", - "56de10b44396321400ee2594": " northern Syria. From 1073 to 1074, 8,000 of the 20,000 troops of the Armenian general Philaretus Brachamius", - "56de10b44396321400ee2595": " Armenian state further south in Cilicia and the Taurus Mountains", - "56de11154396321400ee25aa": " Pierre d'Aulps", - "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": " emperor Alexius I Comnenus", - "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": " Alexius I Comnenus", - "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": " Dyrrachium", + "56de10b44396321400ee2593": " Afranji", + "56de10b44396321400ee2594": " Oursel", + "56de10b44396321400ee2595": " Armenian state further south in Cilicia and the Taurus", + "56de11154396321400ee25aa": " an Italo-Norman", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": " February 1082", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": " 30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": " Deabolis", - "56de15104396321400ee25b8": " Valona", - "56de15104396321400ee25b9": " Mili at the banks of the river Deabolis", - "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": " betrayal of high Byzantine officials", - "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": " Byzantine hands", - "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": " naval bases", - "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": " Duke Richard II", - "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": " Duke Richard II", - "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": " 1013", + "56de15104396321400ee25b8": " Bohemond", + "56de15104396321400ee25b9": " Deabolis", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": " 1185", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": " Dyrrachium", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": " Duke Richard II of Normandy", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": " Duke Richard II of Normandy", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": " Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": " Sweyn Forkbeard", - "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": " Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges archbishop", - "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": " Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges archbishop", - "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": " Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges archbishop", - "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": " 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings", - "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": " William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": " Harthacnut", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": " 1041", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": " Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": " Battle of Hastings", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": " Duke William II of Normandy", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": " 1066", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": " Anglo-Saxons", - "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": " Latin language, something that was the subject of some humour by Geoffrey Chaucer", + "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": " Anglo-Saxon language", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": " 1169", - "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": " Bannow Bay", - "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": " Norman descendants", - "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": " Margaret, and came into opposition to William who had already disputed Scotland's southern borders. William invaded Scotland in 1072", - "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": " Edgar's sister Margaret, and came into opposition to William who had already disputed Scotland's southern borders. William invaded Scotland in 1072", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": " Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": " language", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": " Malcolm submitted, paid homage to William and surrendered his son Duncan", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": " King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": " 1072", - "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": " 1072", - "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": " Normandy", - "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": " Norman ancestry", - "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": " Here", - "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": " Edward the Confessor", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": " King Malcolm III", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": " Sybilla of Normandy", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": " Normans", + "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": " Hereford", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": " the Welsh", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": " Edward the Confessor", - "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": " Bernard de Neufmarch", - "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": " 1064", + "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": " Wales", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": " 1018", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": " William of Montreuil", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": " 1097", - "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": " Antioch in 1097", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": " Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": " Jerusalem", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": " 380 years", - "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": " Limassol", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": " storm", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": " Berengaria", - "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": " Limassol", - "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": " Richard the Lion-hearted", - "56de40da4396321400ee2708": " Richard provided that he support Guy against his rival Conrad of Montferrat", - "56de40da4396321400ee2709": " Guy de Lusignan", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": " 1191", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": " Isaac Komnenos", + "56de40da4396321400ee2708": " Conrad of Montferrat", + "56de40da4396321400ee2709": " silver chains", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": " Guy de Lusignan", "56de41504396321400ee2714": " King Sancho VI", "56de41504396321400ee2715": " 12 May 1191", - "56de41504396321400ee2716": " Richard caused himself to be crowned King of Cyprus", - "56de48f34396321400ee2770": " Guy de Lusignan and became a stable feudal kingdom. It was only in 1489", - "56de48f34396321400ee2771": " Guy de Lusignan", - "56de49564396321400ee277a": " Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro off the Atlantic coast of Africa", - "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": " Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez", - "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": " Enrique P\u00e9rez", - "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": " Enrique P\u00e9rez", - "56de4a474396321400ee2786": " Norman customary law", - "56de4a474396321400ee2787": " Latin by two judges for use by them and their colleagues: These are the Tr\u00e8s ancien coutumier", - "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": " rounded arches", + "56de41504396321400ee2716": " double", + "56de48f34396321400ee2770": " 1489", + "56de48f34396321400ee2771": " Knights Templar", + "56de49564396321400ee277a": " Africa", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands, as vassal to Henry III of Castile", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": " Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": " Maciot de Bethencourt", + "56de4a474396321400ee2786": " in the Channel Islands", + "56de4a474396321400ee2787": " two", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": " a new stage in the architectural history of the regions they subdued", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": " rounded arches", - "56de4b074396321400ee2793": " Islamic, Lombard, and Byzantine building techniques into their own, initiating a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture within the Kingdom of Sicily", - "56de4b074396321400ee2794": " Islamic, Lombard, and Byzantine building techniques into their own, initiating a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture within the Kingdom of Sicily", - "56de4b074396321400ee2795": " Sicily", - "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": " Normandy experienced a golden age", - "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": " the dukes as a unifying force", + "56de4b074396321400ee2793": " Anglo-Saxon and precedes the Early Gothic", + "56de4b074396321400ee2794": " Anglo-Saxon and precedes the Early Gothic", + "56de4b074396321400ee2795": " the Kingdom of Sicily", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": " early 11th century", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": " the dukes", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": " 16th century", - "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": " Norman art is the Bayeux Tapestry, which is not a tapestry but a work of embroidery", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": " embroidery", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": " Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": " Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", - "56de51244396321400ee27ef": " stonework or metalwork", - "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": " William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", - "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": " William of Volpiano", + "56de51244396321400ee27ef": " mosaics", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": " 11th", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": " William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": " southern Italy", - "56de52614396321400ee27fc": " Latin monastery", + "56de52614396321400ee27fc": " Sant'Eufemia", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": " Robert Guiscard", - "56de52614396321400ee27fe": " Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing", - "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": " 10 July 1856", + "56de52614396321400ee27fe": " singing", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": " 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": " Serbian American", - "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": " 10 July 1856", - "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": " 10 July 1856", - "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": " January 1943", - "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": " Serbian American", - "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": " Serbian American", - "56df9ee138dc421700152108": " Thomas Edison in New York City", - "56df9ee138dc421700152109": " Thomas Edison in New York City", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": " 1943", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": " 10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": " 1943", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": "Nikola Tesla (Serbian", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": " alternating current", + "56df9ee138dc421700152108": " 1884", + "56df9ee138dc421700152109": " Thomas Edison", "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": " George Westinghouse", - "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": " Thomas Edison in New York City", - "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": " Thomas Edison in New York City", - "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": " Thomas Edison in New York City", - "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": " Thomas Edison in New York City", - "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": " Thomas Edison in New York City", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": " New York City", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": " corporate alternating current/direct current \"War of Currents", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": " 1884", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": " Thomas Edison", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": " New York City", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": " George Westinghouse", - "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": " Thomas Edison in New York City", - "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": " intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower", - "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": " wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs", - "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": " intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": " AC induction motor and transformer", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "1893", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": " high-frequency", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": " mechanical oscillators/generators", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": " Colorado Springs", - "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": " intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower", - "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": " Wardenclyffe Tower", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "1893", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": " X-ray imaging. He also built a wireless controlled boat", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": " Wardenclyffe Tower", - "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": " 7 January 1943", - "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": " 7 January 1943", - "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": " a series of New York", - "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": " archetypal \"mad scientist", - "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": " 7 January 1943", - "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": " 7 January 1943", - "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": " SI unit of magnetic flux", - "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": " 7 January 1943", - "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": " 7 January 1943", - "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": " 10 July [O.S. 28 June] 1856", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": " 1943", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": " SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": " New York hotels", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": " an archetypal \"mad scientist\".", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": " with varying degrees of success", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": " 1943", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": " SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": " 1990s", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": " his achievements and showmanship", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": " Croatia", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", - "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest. Tesla's mother, \u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi", - "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest. Tesla's mother, \u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": " creative abilities", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": " his mother's genetics", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", - "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", - "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest. Tesla's mother, \u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi", - "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest. Tesla's mother, \u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi", - "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": " 10 July [O.S. 28 June] 1856", - "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": " five", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": " Milutin Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": "\u0110uka Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": " making home craft tools, mechanical appliances, and the ability to memorize Serbian epic poems", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": " western Serbia", + "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": " three", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": " German", - "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": " Austrian Empire", - "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": " Milka, Angelina and Marica. Dane was killed in a horse-riding accident", + "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": " 1862", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": " Dane", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": " Milka, Angelina and Marica", - "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": " Nikola was five. In 1861", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": " killed in a horse-riding accident", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": " Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", - "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": " Austrian Empire, where Tesla's father worked as a pastor", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": " pastor", "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": " German", - "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", - "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": " integral calculus", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": " cheating", "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": " 1873", - "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium", - "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": " Martin Sekuli", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": " 1870", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": " to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": " German", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": " 1873", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": " cholera", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": " nine months", - "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": " nine months", - "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", - "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", - "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": " cholera", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": " send him to the best engineering school if he recovered from the illness", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": " enter the priesthood", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": " Smiljan", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": " 1873", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": " cholera", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": " nine months", - "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", - "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": " cholera", - "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": "aded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": " enter the priesthood", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": " best engineering school if he recovered from the illness (his father had originally wanted him to enter the priesthood", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": " Tomingaj", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": " Mark Twain", - "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": " hunter's garb", - "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", - "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": " Mark Twain", - "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": " the mountains in hunter's garb", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": " 1874", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": " hunter's garb", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": " to Tomingaj, near Gra\u010dac. There, he explored the mountains in hunter's garb. Tesla said that this contact with nature", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": " 1874", - "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": " Mark Twain", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": " explored the mountains in hunter's garb", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": " Mark Twain", - "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": " Professor Poesch", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": " 1875", "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": " Austrian Polytechnic", "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": " 1879", - "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": " Professor Poesch", - "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": " receive grades for the last semester", - "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": " Professor Poesch", - "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": " Professor Poesch", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": " Professor Poeschl over the Gramme dynamo", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": " never graduated", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": " Graz, Austria", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": " 1875", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": " 1879", - "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": " Professor Poesch", - "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": " Professor Poesch", - "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": " Maribor", - "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": " Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school", - "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": " Maribor", - "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": " Maribor", - "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": " Milutin Tesla went to Maribor to beg his son to return home, but Nikola refused. Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": " addicted to gambling", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": " killed through overwork", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": " left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": " to hide the fact that he dropped out of school", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": " draftsman", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": " return home", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": " nervous breakdown", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": " December 1878", - "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": " the fact that he dropped out of school. His friends thought that he had drowned in the Mur River", - "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": " Maribor", - "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": " 60 florins a month", - "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": " Milutin Tesla went to Maribor to beg his son to return home, but Nikola refused. Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown", - "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": " Gospi\u0107 under police guard", - "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": " Gospi\u0107 under police guard", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": " the fact that he dropped out of school", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": " drowned in the Mur River", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": " a draftsman for 60 florins a month", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": " nervous breakdown", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": " under police guard for not having a residence permit", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": " 24 March 1879", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": " 60", - "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": " Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60 after contracting an unspecified illness (although some sources say that he died of a stroke", - "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": " Higher Real Gymnasium", - "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": " Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": " stroke", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": " taught a large class of students in his old school, Higher Real Gymnasium", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": " not having a residence permit", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": " 24 March 1879", - "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": " large class of students in his old school, Higher Real Gymnasium", - "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": " Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60", - "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": " Charles-Ferdinand University", - "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": " Charles-Ferdinand University", - "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": " Charles-Ferdinand University", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": " Higher Real Gymnasium", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": " stroke", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": " Prague", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": " he never studied Greek, a required subject; and he was illiterate", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": " lectures", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": " Charles-Ferdinand University", - "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": " Charles-Ferdinand University", - "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": " Charles-Ferdinand University", - "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": " Charles-Ferdinand University", - "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": " Charles-Ferdinand University", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": " Prague", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": " January 1880", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": " the university", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": " uncles", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": " Budapest", - "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": " Budapest", - "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": " Budapest", - "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": " a telephone repeater", - "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": " Budapest", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": " chief electrician", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": " telephone repeater or amplifier", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": " draftsman", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": " 1881", - "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", - "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": " Budapest", - "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": " the company, then under construction, was not functional, so he worked as a draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office", - "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": " June 1884", - "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": " New York City", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": " telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": " Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": " 1882", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": " France", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": " New York City", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": " Thomas Edison", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": " Continental Edison Company", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": " Continental Edison Company", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": " France", - "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": " 1882", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": " June 1884", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": " Thomas Edison", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": " Manhattan", - "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "$10 a week", - "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": " US$10 a week", - "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "$10 a week", - "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "$10 a week", - "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": " US$10 a week", - "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "$10 a week", - "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": " Robert Lane", - "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": " Benjamin Vail", - "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", - "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", - "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": " Robert Lane", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": " US$10 a week", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": " US$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": " months", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": " US$10 a week", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": " our American humor", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": " US$10 a week", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": " electric lighting company", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": " installed electrical arc light based illumination systems", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": " patents", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": " electrical arc light based illumination systems", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", - "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": " Robert Lane", - "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": " Robert Lane", - "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", - "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": " Robert Lane", - "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": " penniless", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": " 1886", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": " installed electrical arc light based illumination systems", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": " Tesla", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": " showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": " penniless", - "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": " winter of 1886/1887", - "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": " winter of 1886/1887", - "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": " penniless", - "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": " $2 per day. Tesla considered the winter of 1886/1887", - "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": " $2 per day. Tesla considered the winter of 1886/1887", - "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": " Charles F. Peck", - "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": " 1886", - "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": " Peck and Brown, and \u2153 to fund development. They set up a laboratory for Tesla at 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", - "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": " 89 Liberty Street", - "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": " 1886", - "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": " Charles F. Peck", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": " work at various electrical repair jobs and even as a ditch digger", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": " 1886/1887", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": " assigned them to the company", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": " work at various electrical repair jobs and even as a ditch digger", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": " ditch digger", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": " Western Union superintendent", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": " April 1887", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": " Tesla", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": " 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": " late 1886", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": " superintendent, and New York attorney", "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": " Alfred S. Brown", - "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": " Alfred S. Brown", - "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": " Alfred S. Brown", - "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": " polyphase current which generated a rotating magnetic field", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": " 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": " Tesla Electric Company", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": " an induction motor", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": " May 1888", - "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": " polyphase", - "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": " sparking", - "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": " polyphase", - "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": " polyphase current", - "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": " polyphase current which generated a rotating magnetic field", - "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": " polyphase current", - "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": " polyphase current", - "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": "a friend", - "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": " Galileo Ferraris", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": " a commutator", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": " sparking and the high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": " self-starting design", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": " May 1888", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": " high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": " constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": " May 1888", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": "a friend and publicist", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": " American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": " 1888", - "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": " Galileo Ferraris", - "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": " Galileo Ferraris", - "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": " Thomas Commerford", - "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": " Galileo Ferraris", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": " Tesla's patent would probably control the market", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": " Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": " Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": " George Westinghouse", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": " Galileo Ferraris", - "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": " Galileo Ferraris", - "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": " Galileo Ferraris", - "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": " $60,000", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": " physicist", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": " Electric & Manufacturing Company", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": " 1888", "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": " $60,000", - "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": " George Westinghouse", - "56e05900231d4119001ac051": " polyphase induction motor and transformer designs for $60,000", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": " Brown and Peck negotiated a licensing deal with George Westinghouse", + "56e05900231d4119001ac051": " consultant at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company", "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": " $60,000", "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": " July 1888", - "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": " polyphase induction motor and transformer designs for $60,000", - "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": " polyphase induction motor and transformer designs for $60,000", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": " $2,000", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": " Pittsburgh", "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": " Pittsburgh", - "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": " DC traction motor", - "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": " 60-cycle AC current system", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": " alternating current system", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": " alternating current", "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": " DC traction motor", - "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": " DC traction motor", + "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": " helping to create an alternating current system to power the city's streetcars", "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": " DC traction motor", "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": " Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", - "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": " Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", - "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": " 1892", - "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": " 1890", - "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": " George Westinghouse", - "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": " Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", - "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": " George Westinghouse", - "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": " The competition resulted in Edison Machine Works", - "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": " George Westinghouse", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": " rival lighting systems", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": " AC development", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": " General Electric", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": "AC\"", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": " Thomas Edison", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": " 1886 and had reached the point of all-out warfare by 1888", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": " financial strain", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": " General Electric", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": " George Westinghouse", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": " Chicago", - "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": " General Electric bid by one million dollars", - "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": " George Westinghouse", - "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": " George Westinghouse", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": " General Electric bid", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": "76 included using high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": "Tesla Polyphase System", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": " George Westinghouse", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": " Chicago", - "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": " Chicago", - "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": " George Westinghouse", - "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": " Richard Dean", - "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": " Richard Dean", - "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": " Richard Dean", - "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": " Richard Dean", - "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": " Richard Dean", - "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": " Richard Dean", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": " 1893", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": " safety, reliability, and efficiency of a fully integrated alternating current", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": " Richard Dean Adams", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": " current state of all the competing systems", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": " Westinghouse Electric", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": " General Electric", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": " two-phased system", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": " Richard Dean Adams", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": " 1893", - "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": " two", - "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": " the most reliable", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": " two-phased", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": " most reliable and that there was a Westinghouse system", "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": " 1896", "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": " $216,000", - "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": " $2.50", - "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": " $216,000", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": " $2.50 per AC horsepower", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": " $200,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": " J. P. Morgan", - "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": " $216,000", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": " $200,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": " $216,000", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": " 35", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": " South Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street", - "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": " wirelessly", - "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": " South Fifth Avenue", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": " electric lamps", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": " Tesla coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": " 30 July 1891", - "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": " South Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": " Tesla coil", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": " 35", - "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": " South Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street", - "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": " vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers", - "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "along with the Institute of Radio Engineers) of the modern-day IEEE, from 1892", - "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": " the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers) of the modern-day IEEE, from 1892 to 1894", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": " wireless", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": " American Institute of Electrical Engineers", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "Tesla served as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": " 1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": " vice president", - "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": " vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers", - "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": " vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers", - "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": " Crookes tubes", - "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": " March 1895", - "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": " Mark Twain", - "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": " Mark Twain illuminated by a Geissler tube", - "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": " Mark Twain", - "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": " Crookes tubes", - "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": " Crookes tubes", - "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": " Mark Twain", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": " 1892 to 1894", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": " Institute of Radio Engineers", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": " he had noticed damaged film in his laboratory in previous experiments", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": " the 5th Avenue laboratory fire", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": " December 1895", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": " metal locking screw on the camera lens", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": " December 1895", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "Roentgen rays", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": " lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": " X-ray", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": " Mark Twain", - "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": " X-ray imaging", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": " March 1896", - "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": "radiography", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": " X-rays", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": " Tesla Coil", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": " March 1896", - "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": " single terminal vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode", - "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": " Tesla Coil", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": "radiography", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": " longitudinal waves", - "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": " Roentgen rays", - "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": " X-rays were longitudinal waves", - "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": " skin damage to various causes. He believed early on that damage to the skin was not caused by the Roentgen rays", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": " various causes. He believed early on that damage to the skin was not caused by the Roentgen rays", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": " skin damage", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": " his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": " force-free magnetic fields", - "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": " Roentgen rays", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": " ozone", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": " longitudinal waves", - "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": " X-rays were longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasmas. These plasma waves can occur in force-free magnetic fields", - "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": " Roentgen rays", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": " plasmas", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": " early on that damage to the skin was not caused by the Roentgen rays", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": " Benjamin Lamme", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": " 1893", - "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": " Benjamin Lamme had made great progress developing an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor and Westinghouse Electric started branding their complete polyphase phase AC", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": " Benjamin Lamme", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": " Egg of Columbus", - "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": " the Egg of Columbus", - "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": " minute", - "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": "Tesla said he could feel a sharp stinging pain", - "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": "Tesla said he could feel a sharp stinging pain", - "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": " the bits of metal projected by his \"electric gun", - "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": " St. Louis, Missouri, the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia", - "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": " Franklin Institute in Philadelphia", - "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": " Franklin Institute in Philadelphia", - "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": "Teleautomatics\" in an address to a meeting of the Commercial Club in Chicago", + "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "Tesla", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": " 11 July 1934", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": " break off the cathode, pass out of the tube", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": " could feel a sharp stinging pain where it entered his body", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": " metal projected by his \"electric gun", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": " National Electric Light Association", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": " Tesla Coil", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": " Franklin Institute", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": " 1898", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": "teleautomaton", - "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": "Teleautomatics\" in an address to a meeting of the Commercial Club in Chicago", - "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": "Teleautomatics\" in an address to a meeting of the Commercial Club", - "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": " magic, telepathy, and being piloted by a trained monkey", - "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": " 1901", - "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": " 1901", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": " Madison Square Garden", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": " electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": " monkey", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": " 1900", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": " Guglielmo Marconi", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": " 1901", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": " 1903", - "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": " Oliver Lodge, and John Stone", - "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": " Foote Ave", - "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": " Foote Ave", - "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": " Foote Ave", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": " Marconi in 1904. In 1943, a Supreme Court of the United States", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": " 1899", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": " Paris", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": " 17 May 1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": " five inches", - "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": " lightning signals", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": " atmospheric electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": " stationary waves", - "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": " the earth had a resonant frequency", - "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": " Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek", - "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": " millions of volts", - "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": " 15 miles away in Cripple Creek", - "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": " Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek", - "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": " Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek", - "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": " a power station generator", - "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": " six", - "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": " six", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": " resonant frequency", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": " lightning", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": " 135 feet", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": " 15 miles", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": " glowed even when turned off", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": " electrified, swirling in circles with blue halos of St. Elmo's fire around their wings", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": " a power outage", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": " burned out", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": " high frequency currents", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": " jump through the windings", - "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": " Mars", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": " communications from another planet", "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": " Mars", - "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": " Julian Hawthorne", - "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": " Marconi's European experiments", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": " Philadelphia North American", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": " he may have intercepted Marconi's European experiments", "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": " July 1899", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": " $100,000", - "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": " $100,000", - "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": " John Jacob Astor IV invested $100,000", - "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": " John Jacob Astor IV invested $100", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": " his Colorado Springs experiments", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": " Colorado Springs experiments", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": " 1899", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": " 7 January 1900", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": " torn down", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": " 1904", - "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": " 1904", - "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": " trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe near Shoreham", - "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": " Wardenclyffe near Shoreham", - "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": " near Shoreham", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": " its contents were sold two years later", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": " trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": " trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": " Shoreham, Long Island", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": " Morgan", - "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": " the Panic of 1901", - "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": " the Panic of 1901", - "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": " 50", - "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": " Archbishop of Canterbury", - "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": " Panic of 1901", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": " shocked", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": " over 50", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": " to complete the construction", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland, terminating Tesla's relationship", "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": " 187 feet", - "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "150 kilowatts", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": " 200 horsepower", "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": " 100\u20135,000 hp", - "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": " 1910\u20131911", - "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "150 kilowatts", - "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": " sledge hammer", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": " 1906", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": " 100\u20135,000 hp", + "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": " steam", "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": " Houston Street lab", - "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": " Houston Street lab", - "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": " Allan L. Benson", - "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": " Allan L. Benson", - "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": " William H. Maxwell", - "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": " William H. Maxwell", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": " speed grew, it is said that the machine oscillated at the resonance frequency of his own building", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": " World Today", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": " set the earth's crust into such a state of vibration that it would rise and fall hundreds of feet and practically destroy civilization", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": " electricity", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": " saturating them unconsciously with electricity", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": " William H. Maxwell", - "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": " William H. Maxwell", - "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": " $20,000", - "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": " $20,000", - "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": " $20,000", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": " superintendent of New York City schools", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": " overseas", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": " lost the funding he was receiving from his patents in European countries", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": " sold Wardenclyffe for $20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": " $20,000", - "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": " $20,000", - "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": " Electrical Experimenter Tesla postulated that electricity could be used to locate submarines via using the reflection of an \"electric ray\"", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": " Edison Medal", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": " Electrical Experimenter", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": " fluorescent screen", - "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": " high frequency radio waves", - "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": " 1930s", - "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": " Thomas Edison", - "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": " Thomas Edison", - "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": " The Nobel Foundation", - "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": " Thomas Edison", - "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": " $20,000", - "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": " Tesla nor Edison won the prize (although Edison did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38", - "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": " Tesla", - "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": " 1915", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": " modern radar", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": " \u00c9mile Girardeau", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": " Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": " Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": " he has made known his intention", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": " he is announced a winner", + "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": " animosity toward each other", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": " 38", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": " Tesla nor Edison", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": " 1937", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": " U.S. Patent 1,655,114", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": " biplane", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": " $1,000", - "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": " $1,000", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": " turbine engines", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": " $125 per month", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": " $125 per month", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": " $125 per month", - "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": " $125 per month", - "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": " minimal loss over any terrestrial distance, a related new means of communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits", - "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": " an annual birthday celebration", - "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": " annual birthday celebration", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": " bad publicity", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": " mechanical energy", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": " minimal loss over any terrestrial distance", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": " minimal loss", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": " mineral deposits", - "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "In 1935, in an annual birthday celebration", - "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": " crossing a street a couple of blocks from the hotel, Tesla was unable to dodge a moving tax", - "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": " medical aid", - "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": "the full extent of his injuries will never be known; Tesla refused to consult a doctor", - "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": " midnight", - "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": " midnight", - "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "teleforce\" weapon after studying the Van de Graaff generator", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": " 1935", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": " pigeon-feeding walks", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": " a doctor", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": " broken", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": " 1938", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": " 1937", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "teleforce", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": " Van de Graaff generator", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": " infantry", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": " anti-aircraft purposes", - "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "teleforce\" weapon after studying the Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\" or death ray", - "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": " a little time", - "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": " Tesla", - "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": " Tesla", - "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": " via high voltage", - "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": " little time", - "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": " The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media, concerning charged particle beam weapons", - "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": " Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": " death ray", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": " 1937", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": " luncheon", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": " tungsten", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": " high voltage", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": " a little time", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": " charged particle beam weapons", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": " Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": " Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": " millions of volts", - "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": " Nikola Tesla Museum", - "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": " paper; the blueprint for the teleforce weapon", - "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": " paper; the blueprint for the teleforce weapon", - "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": "handed", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": " all war", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": " steal", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": " in his mind", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": " empty-handed", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": " 86", - "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": " coronary thrombosis", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": " 7 January 1943", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": " Alice Monaghan", - "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": " coronary thrombosis", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "do not disturb\" sign", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": " coronary thrombosis", - "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": "Two days", - "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": " John G. Trump", - "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": " John G. Trump", - "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": " days", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": "Two days later, the FBI ordered the Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings, even though Tesla was an American citizen", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": " Alien Property Custodian", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": " unfriendly hands", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": " Manhattan Storage and Warehouse Company", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": " Louis Adamic", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": " Louis Adamic", - "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": " Ferncliff Cemetery", - "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": " 10", - "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": " Tesla's body was taken to the Ferncliff Cemetery", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": " 12 January", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": " two thousand", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": " Ardsley", "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": " Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": " Sava Kosanovi\u0107", - "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": " Belgrade in 80 trunks marked N.T. In 1957, Kosanovi\u0107's secretary Charlotte Muzar", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": " Sava Kosanovi\u0107", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": " Belgrade", - "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": " gold-plated sphere", - "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": " 278", - "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": " 278", - "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": " Britain", - "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": " 278", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": " 1957", + "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": " 300", + "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": " 300", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": " Canada", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": " United States, Britain, and Canada", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": " 8:10 p.m", - "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": " 9:00 a.m. until 6:00 p.m", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": " 8:10", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": " 3:00 a.m", - "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": " 8:10 p.m., at Delmonico", - "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": " 8 to 10 miles per day", - "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": " 8 to 10 miles per day", - "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": " hundred times", - "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": " hundred", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": " Delmonico's restaurant and later the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. Tesla would telephone his dinner order to the headwaiter", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": " 8 to 10 miles", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": " it stimulated his brain cells", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": " squished his toes one hundred times for each foot every night, saying that it stimulated his brain cells", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": " brain cells", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": " telepathy", - "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": " an interview with newspaper editor", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": " editor", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": " one", - "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": "Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pigeons", - "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": "2,000", - "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": "Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pigeons and even brought injured ones into his hotel room", - "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pigeons and even brought injured ones into his hotel room", - "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": "Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pigeons and even brought injured ones into his hotel room", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": " pigeons", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": " over $2,000", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": " broken wing", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": " hotel room", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": " 142 pounds", - "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": " 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 142 pounds", - "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": " 142 pounds", - "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": " 142 pounds", - "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": " eight languages: Serbo-Croatian", - "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": " peculiar affliction in which blinding flashes", - "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": " extreme precision", - "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": " word or idea", - "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": " flashbacks", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": " 6 feet 2 inches", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": " 1888 to about 1926", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": " New York City", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": " eight", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": " blinding flashes of light", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": " picture thinking", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": " blinding flashes of light", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": " photographic", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": " 48 hours", - "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": " 84 hours without sleep or rest.:208 Kenneth Swezey", - "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": " Kenneth Swezey", - "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": " 3 a.m", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": " 84 hours", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": " Graz", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": " the telephone ring", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": " journalist", - "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": " polite and soft-spoken", - "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": " polite and soft-spoken", - "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": " polite and soft-spoken", - "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": " Robert Underwood", - "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": " Robert Underwood", - "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": " Robert Underwood", - "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": " Robert Underwood", - "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": " Robert Underwood", - "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": " Francis Marion", - "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": " George Sylvester", - "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": " George Sylvester", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": " chastity", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": " women", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": " end of his life", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": " Dorothy Skerrit", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": " Robert Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": " seclude", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": "ocial", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": " loyal secretary", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": " Francis Marion Crawford", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": " middle age, Tesla became a close friend of Mark Twain; they spent a lot of time together in his lab", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": " middle age", "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": " overweight people", "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": " secretary", - "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": " clothing", - "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": " clothing; on several occasions, Tesla directed a subordinate", - "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": " pre-atomic understanding of physics in his writings; he disagreed with the theory of atoms being composed of smaller subatomic particles", - "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": " atoms are immutable", - "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": " 19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\" that transmitted electrical energy", - "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": " 19th century", - "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": " Einstein's theory of relativity", - "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": " Einstein's theory of relativity", - "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": " the conversion of matter into energy.:247 He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity", - "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": " 81", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": " her weight", + "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": " go home and change her dress", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": " electron", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": " atoms", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": " transmitted electrical energy", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": " 19th", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": " Einstein", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": " generally antagonistic", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": " relativity", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": " gravity", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": " 1892", - "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": " 81", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": " curved", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": " 81", - "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": " 1937 interview", - "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": " \"pity\"", - "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "ruthless workings of nature,\" rather than from conceptions of a \"master race", - "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": " 1937 interview", + "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": " imposed selective breeding version of eugenics", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "ruthless workings", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "pity", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": " 1937", "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": "Queen Bees", "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": " 1926", "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": "Queen Bees", - "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "Science", - "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": " the League of Nations", - "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "Science", - "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": " the League of Nations", - "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": " Buddhism and Christianity", - "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": " Buddhism and Christianity", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": " post-World War I", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "Tesla made predictions about the relevant issues of a post-World War I environment in a printed article, \"Science and Discovery", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "20 December 1914", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": " League of Nations", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": " Orthodox Christian", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": " fanaticism", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": " Buddhism and Christianity", - "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": " \"A Machine to End War\",", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": " \"A Machine to End War", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": " uncertain", - "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": "A Machine to End War\",", - "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": " David Hatcher", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": " War", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": " a number of books", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": " Ben Johnston", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": " Ben Johnston", - "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy,\" published in The Century Magazine", - "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy,\"", - "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy,\" published in The Century Magazine", - "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": " The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme", - "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": " The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme", - "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": " The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme", - "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": " Time magazine put him on its cover. The cover caption \"All the world's his power house\"", - "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": " \"All the world's his power house\"", - "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": " 75th birthday in 1931, Time magazine put him on its cover. The cover caption \"All the world's his power house\"", - "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": " 75th birthday in 1931, Time magazine put him on its cover. The cover caption \"All the world's his power house\"", - "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": " 75", - "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": " difficulty", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": " the web", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": " 1900", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": " Inventions, Researches and Writings", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": " science fiction", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": " science fiction", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": " several", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": " Time magazine", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": " 75th birthday", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": " electrical power generation", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": " Albert Einstein", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": " 70", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": " inherent difficulty", - "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": " in principle amenable to being solved by a computer, which is equivalent to stating that the problem may be solved by mechanical application of mathematical steps", - "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": " significant resources", - "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": " time and storage", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "Computational complexity theory", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": " mathematical models of computation to study these problems and quantifying the amount of resources needed to solve them, such as time and storage. Other complexity measures", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": " mathematical models", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": " time and storage", - "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": " the practical limits", - "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": " the practical limits", - "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": " analysis", - "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": " amount of resources needed", - "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": " computability theory", - "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": " analysis of algorithms and computability theory", - "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": " a problem instance", - "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": " the abstract question to be solved.", - "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": " 15) and the solution is \"yes\" if the number is prime and \"no", - "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": " 15) and the solution is \"yes\" if the number is prime and \"no", - "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": " Stated another way, the instance is a particular input to the problem, and the solution is the output corresponding to the given input", - "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": " Milan", - "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": " Milan", - "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": " Milan", - "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": " bitstrings", - "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": " the binary alphabet", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": " number of gates in a circuit", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": " computational complexity theory is to determine the practical limits on what computers can and cannot do", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": " analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": " theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": " theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": " theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": " problem instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": " a problem", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": " concrete", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": " problem instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": " problem instance", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": " 2000", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": " little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": " computational problems and not particular problem instances", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": " a problem instance", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": " binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": " bitstrings", - "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": " bitstrings", - "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": " integers can be represented in binary notation, and graphs can be encoded directly via their adjacency matrices", - "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": " yes", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": " binary notation", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": " adjacency matrices", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": " yes or no", - "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": " yes or no", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": " 1 or 0", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": " yes", - "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": " yes or no", - "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": " an arbitrary graph", - "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": " set of all connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": " yes", + "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": " arbitrary graph", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": " the set of all connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": " binary strings", - "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": " computational problem", - "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": " every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem, that is, it isn't just yes or no", - "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": " integer factorization problem", - "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": " computational problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": " computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": " single", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": " computational problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": " integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": " complex", - "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": " recast as decision problems", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": " decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": " triples", - "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": " size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits. Complexity", - "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": " the instance. In particular, larger instances", - "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": " 2n vertices", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": " a function of the size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": " instance", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": " a function of the size of the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": " bits", - "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": " 2n vertices", - "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": " amount of resources", - "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": " polynomial", - "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": " T(n) is a polynomial", - "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": " T(n)", - "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": " polynomial time algorithm. Cobham", - "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": " the Turing machine is the most commonly used model in complexity theory", - "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": " a mathematical model", - "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": " complexity theory", - "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": " the most commonly used model in complexity theory", - "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": " fixed set of rules to determine its future actions. A probabilistic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits", - "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": " fixed set of rules to determine its future actions. A probabilistic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits", - "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": " fixed set of rules to determine its future actions. A probabilistic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits", - "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": " fixed set of rules to determine its future actions. A probabilistic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits", - "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": " use random bits are called randomized algorithms", - "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": " time", - "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": " time", - "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": " quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines. They are all equally powerful in principle, but when resources (such as time", + "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": " increase in the input size", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": " Cobham", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": " the time", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": " worst-case time complexity", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": " T(n) is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": " a polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": " Turing machine", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": " algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": " Turing machine", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": " manipulates symbols", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": " deterministic", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": " rules", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": " probabilistic", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": " non-deterministic", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": " randomized algorithms", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": " complexity classes", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": " resources (such as time or space", + "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": " deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": " random access machines", - "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": " random access machines. Perhaps surprisingly, each of these models can be converted to another without providing any extra computational power", - "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": " What", - "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": " the machines operate deterministically", - "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": " non", - "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": " non-deterministic Turing machine", - "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": " non-deterministic Turing machine has very little", - "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": " non", - "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": " x is the total number of state transitions, or steps, the machine makes before it halts and outputs the answer (\"yes", - "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": " the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine is then denoted by DTIME", - "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": " DTIME", - "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": " the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine is then denoted by DTIME", - "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": " time and space are the most well-known complexity resources", - "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": " computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": " random access machines. Perhaps surprisingly, each of these models can be converted to another without providing any extra computational power. The time and memory consumption", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": " memory consumption", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": " deterministically", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": " non-deterministic", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": " more unusual resources", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": " mathematical models", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": " time", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": " total number of state transitions, or steps", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": " difficulty", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": " DTIME(f(n)).", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": " complexity", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": " complexity", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": " computational", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": " Blum complexity axioms", - "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": " computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms", - "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": " computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms", - "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity", - "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity", - "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity", - "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity", - "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": " reverse", - "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": " best case occurs when each pivoting divides the list in half", - "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": " The best case", - "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": " lower", - "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": " upper bound", - "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": " lower", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": " computational", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": " Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms. Other complexity measures used in complexity theory", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "The best, worst and average", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": " the time complexity", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "The best, worst and average case", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": " quicksort", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": " worst-case", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": " O(n2)", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": " the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": " algorithms", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": " T(n)", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": " upper bound T(n) on the time complexity of a problem, one needs to show only that there is a particular algorithm with running time", - "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "all possible algorithms\"", - "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": " using the big O notation", - "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": " constant factors", - "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": " T(n) = O(n2).", - "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": " big O notation, which hides constant factors", - "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": " the following", - "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": " the following", - "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": " the following", - "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": " P, which is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "all possible algorithms", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": " big O notation", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": " constant factors and smaller terms", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": " one would write T(n) = O(n2).", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": " the specific details of the computational model", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": " some complexity classes", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": " complicated definitions", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": " complicated definitions", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": " the chosen machine model", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": " quadratic time", - "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": " single-tape Turing machines. If we allow polynomial variations in running time, Cobham-Edmonds", - "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Goldreich 2008, Chapter 1.2).", - "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": " polynomial time", - "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": " the time", - "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": " the algorithm. Some important complexity classes of decision problems", - "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": " the algorithm. Some important complexity classes of decision problems", - "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines; AC and NC, which are defined using Boolean circuits", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": " multi-tape Turing", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": " Cobham-Edmonds thesis", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": " complexity class", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": " time or space", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": " bounding the time", + "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": " complexity classes", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": " BPP, ZPP and RP", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": " Boolean circuits", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": " quantum Turing machines", - "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": " decision problems", - "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": " using Interactive proof systems", - "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": " the requirements on (say) computation time indeed defines a bigger set of problems. In particular, although DTIME", - "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": " the answer", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": " probabilistic Turing machines; AC and NC, which are defined using Boolean circuits; and BQP and QMA", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": " Interactive proof systems", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": " DTIME", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": " DTIME(n2), it would be interesting to know if the inclusion is strict", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": " hierarchy theorems", - "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": " hierarchy theorems", - "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": " the answer to such questions is given by the time and space hierarchy theorems respectively. They are called hierarchy theorems", - "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": " P is strictly contained in EXPTIME, and the space hierarchy", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": " a proper hierarchy", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": " hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": " time and space hierarchy", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": " EXPTIME, and the space hierarchy", - "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": " P is strictly contained in EXPTIME, and the space hierarchy", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": " PSPACE", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": " a reduction", - "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": " X", - "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": " Cook reductions", - "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": " Cook reductions", - "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": " Cook reductions", - "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": " polynomial", - "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": " polynomial-time reduction. This means that the reduction process takes polynomial time. For example, the problem of squaring", - "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": " polynomial-time reduction. This means that the reduction process takes polynomial time. For example, the problem of squaring an integer", - "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": " square", - "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": " polynomial-time reduction. This means that the reduction process takes polynomial time. For example, the problem of squaring an integer", - "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": " X", - "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": " hard for a class of problems C", - "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": " C", - "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": " the set of NP-hard problems", - "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": " set, finding an NP-complete problem that can be solved in polynomial time", - "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": " P. Because the problem P", - "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": " P = NP is not solved, being able to reduce a known NP-complete problem", - "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": " P = NP", - "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": " P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm. This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", - "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": " the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", - "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": " P", - "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": " Boolean satisfiability problem, the Hamiltonian path problem", - "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": " Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", - "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": " yes", - "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": " one of the Millennium Prize Problems", - "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": " Clay Mathematics Institute", - "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": " NP-intermediate", - "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": " NP-intermediate", - "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": " NP-intermediate problems. The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem", - "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": " NP-complete", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": " another problem", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": " reduces to Y", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": " Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": " log-space reductions", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": " polynomial-time reduction", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": " squaring", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": " the reduction process takes polynomial time. For example, the problem of squaring an integer", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": " squaring", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": " multiplication", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": " type of reduction being used", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": " hard problems depends on the type of reduction being used. For complexity classes larger than P, polynomial-time reductions", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": " solve any problem", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": " set of NP-hard problems", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": " C", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": " P", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": " no known polynomial-time solution", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": " a polynomial-time solution to \u03a02", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": " P", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": " Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": " NP", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": " Boolean satisfiability problem, the Hamiltonian path problem and the vertex cover problem", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": " Turing machines", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": " more efficient solutions", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": " ability to find formal proofs of pure mathematics theorems. The P versus NP problem is one of the Millennium Prize Problems", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": " The P versus NP problem is one of the Millennium Prize Problems proposed by the Clay Mathematics Institute. There is a US$1,000,000", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": " Ladner", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": " NP-intermediate problems", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": " NP-intermediate problems. The graph isomorphism problem", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "The graph isomorphism", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": " NP-complete", - "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": " polynomial time hierarchy", - "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": " its second level", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": " NP-intermediate", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": " second level", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": " Laszlo Babai", - "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": " NP and in co-NP (and even in UP and co-UP). If the problem is NP-complete", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": " integer factorization problem", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": " k", - "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": " Shor's algorithm", - "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": " Shor's algorithm", - "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": " Proving that any of these classes are unequal", - "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": " Proving that any of these classes are unequal", - "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": " P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": " RSA algorithm. The integer factorization problem is in NP and in co-NP", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": " general number field sieve", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": " any of these classes are unequal", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": " P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": " between P and PSPACE", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": " Proving that any of these classes are unequal", - "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": " co-NP is the class containing the complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers", - "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": " co-NP is the class containing the complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers", - "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": " co-NP is the class containing the complement problems", - "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": " co-NP is the class containing the complement problems", - "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": " P", - "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", - "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", - "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": " NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal", - "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": " NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal", - "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "omial", - "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": " practical", - "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "omial", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": " co-NP is the class containing the complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": " reversed", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": " NP is not equal to co-NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": " P is not equal to NP", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": " L", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": " complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": " complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": " NL and NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": " distinct or equal classes", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": " intractable problems", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": " complexity theory", + "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": " the NP-complete problems", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": " Presburger arithmetic", - "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": " Presburger arithmetic", - "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": " hard or even that most of them are. For example, the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic", - "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": " a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time", - "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": " hard or even that most of them are. For example, the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": " algorithms", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": " NP-complete knapsack problem", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": " over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time", + "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": " Boolean satisfiability problem", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": " Turing machines", - "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": " the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing", - "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": " 1936", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": " Alan Turing", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": " simplification of a computer", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": " 1936", - "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": " Alan Turing", - "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\" by Juris Hartman", - "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": " \"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\" by Juris Hartman", - "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\" by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", - "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": " \"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\" by Juris Hartman", - "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": " one with running time", - "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": " Raymond Smully", - "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "61", - "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": " Boris Trakhtenbrot", - "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": " discussion", - "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": " discussion", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": " a computer", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": " \"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": " Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": " time and space", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": " 1965", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": " John Myhill", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": " Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets (1961), as well as Hisao Yamada", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": " input encoding", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": " different representations can be transformed into each other efficiently", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": " Manuel Blum", - "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": " Stephen Cook and, working independently, Leonid Levin in the USSR", - "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": " Richard Karp took this idea a leap forward with his landmark paper, \"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", - "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": " NP-complete", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": " speed-up theorem", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": " 21", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": " the curriculum", - "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": " obtain specified professional qualifications", - "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": " obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials from a university", - "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": " obtain specified professional qualifications", - "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": " formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education", - "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": " literacy and numeracy", - "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": " provide instruction in literacy and numeracy", - "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": " literacy and numeracy", - "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": " literacy and numeracy", - "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": " some countries, formal education can take place through home schooling", - "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": " some countries, formal education can take place through home schooling", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": " pedagogy", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": " university or college", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": " lesson plan", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": " school or other place of formal education", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": " among cultures", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": " numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": " craftsmanship", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": " literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": " teacher occupying a transient or ongoing role, such as a family member", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": " formal education can take place through home schooling. Informal learning", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": " formal education", - "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": " home schooling", - "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": " home schooling", - "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": " gurus", - "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": " Torah", - "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": " gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas, may teach religious texts such as the Quran", - "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": " religious texts", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": " a family member", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": " teacher occupying a transient or ongoing role, such as a family member", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": " gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": " religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": " Quran, Torah or Bible", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": " gurus", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": " homeschooling", - "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": " within the family, which is called homeschooling, or in the wider community. Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals", - "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": " Formal teaching", - "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": " within the family, which is called homeschooling", - "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", - "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": " Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips", - "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": " Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips", - "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": " Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips", - "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": " Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips", - "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": " Around the world many governments operate teacher's colleges", - "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": " Around the world many governments operate teacher's colleges, which are generally established to serve and protect the public interest", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": " paid professionals", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "Chartered", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": " homeschooling", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": " professionals", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": " school functions", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": " extracurricular activities", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": " extracurricular activities", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": " teachers", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": " teacher's colleges", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": " to serve and protect the public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": " public interest", - "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": " the world many governments operate teacher's colleges, which are generally established to serve and protect the public interest", - "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": " the standards of practice", - "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": " setting out clear standards", - "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": " college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education", - "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": " the college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education", - "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": " setting out clear standards", - "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": " setting out clear standards", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": " certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": " the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": " members", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": " professional misconduct", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": " the college", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": " members", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": " members", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": " on an individual basis", - "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": " on an individual basis", - "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": " on an individual basis", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": " tutor", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": " outdoors", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": " facilitate student learning", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": " pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": " pedagogy", - "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": " accompanying students on field trips", - "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": " pedagogy", - "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": " pedagogy", - "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "The objective is typically a course of study", - "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "The objective is typically a course of study", - "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": "The objective", - "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "The objective is typically a course of study", - "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": " study", - "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": " the pedagogic diversity", - "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": " self-study", - "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": " pressure the lazy", - "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": " pressure the lazy, inspire the bored, deflate the cocky, encourage the timid", - "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": " coach using the whole gamut of psychology", - "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": " between teachers and children", - "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": " stays with them for most of the week and will teach them the whole curriculum. In secondary schools they will be taught by different subject specialists", - "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": " stays with them for most of the week and will teach them the whole curriculum. In secondary schools they will be taught by different subject specialists", - "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": " teacher who stays with them for most of the week and will teach them the whole curriculum. In secondary schools they will be taught by different subject specialists", - "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": " stays with them for most of the week and will teach them the whole curriculum. In secondary schools they will be taught by different subject specialists", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": " pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": " technology", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": " the internet", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": " course of study", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": " the relevant authority", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": " learning disabilities", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": " infants to adults", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": " standardized", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": " particular skills", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": " self-study and problem solving", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": " detect and correct individual flaws", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": " pressure the lazy, inspire the bored, deflate the cocky, encourage the timid, detect and correct individual flaws", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": " coach", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": " teachers and children", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": " the whole curriculum", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": " different subject specialists", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": " primary school", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": " surrogate parent", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "platoon\" system", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": "platoon\" system", - "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": " placing a group of students together in one class", - "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": " placing a group of students together", - "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "platoon\" system", - "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": " Co-teaching is defined as two", - "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": " two", - "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": " Co-teaching is defined as two", - "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": " Co-teaching is defined as two", - "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": " two", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": " staying with the same group of peers", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": " knowledgeable", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": " United States", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "Co-teaching", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": " two or more", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": " learning by providing a social networking support that allows them to reach their full cognitive potential", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": " harmoniously", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": " social networking support", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": " corporal punishment", - "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": " corporal punishment. While a child was in school, a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent", - "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": " corporal punishment", - "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": " corporal punishment", - "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": " corporal punishment", - "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": " paddling", - "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": " paddling", - "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": " paddling", - "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": " paddling", - "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": " paddling", - "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": " South) have not. It is still used to a significant (though declining) degree in some public schools in Alabama", - "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": " South) have not. It is still used to a significant (though declining) degree in some public schools", - "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": " the seat of the student's trousers or skirt", - "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": " the seat of the student's trousers or skirt", - "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": " South", - "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": " by caning, remains commonplace in schools", - "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": " by caning, remains commonplace in schools", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": " substitute parent", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": " parental discipline", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": " most common", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "Throughout the history of education", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": " one of the most common", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": " United States", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": " United States", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": " US Supreme Court", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": " physical pain", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "30", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": " South", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": " declining", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": " wooden paddle", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": " principal's office", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": " caning", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": " Asian, African and Caribbean countries", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": " School corporal punishment", - "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": "Saturday detention\" held at some schools. During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay", - "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": "Saturday detention\" held at some schools. During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay", - "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": "Saturday", - "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": "Saturday detention\" held at some schools. During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom", - "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": "Saturday detention\" held at some schools. During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay", - "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": " North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of an assertive teacher", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": " detention", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": " detention", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": " at a given time in the school day", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": " a classroom", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": " lines or a punishment essay", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": " assertive", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": " immediate and fair punishment", - "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": " North America and Western Europe", - "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": " North America and Western Europe", - "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": " North America and Western Europe", - "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": ".[citation needed] Such individuals claim that many problems with modern schooling stem from the weakness in school discipline", - "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": " high standards", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": " Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior and firm, clear boundaries", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": " sarcasm", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": " respect", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": " teachers and parents", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": " East Asia", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": " weakness in school discipline", - "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": " high standards of education", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": " assertive and confrontational", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": " Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": " Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": " Japan", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": " Japan", - "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": " 40 to 50", - "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": " ignoring attention-seeking and disruptive students. The result of this is that motivated students, facing demanding university entrance", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": " 40 to 50 students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": " concentration and focus on what is being taught", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": " motivated students", - "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": " disruptive students", - "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": " 40 to 50", - "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": " a school that has good, clear laws, fairly and democratically passed by the entire school community, and a good judicial system", - "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": " a school that has good, clear laws, fairly and democratically passed by the entire school community, and a good judicial system", - "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": " a school that has good, clear laws, fairly and democratically passed by the entire school community, and a good judicial system", - "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": " a school that has good, clear laws, fairly and democratically passed by the entire school community, and a good judicial system", - "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": " a school that has good, clear laws, fairly and democratically passed by the entire school community, and a good judicial system", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": " motivated students, ignoring attention-seeking and disruptive students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": " motivated students", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": " dictatorial", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": " democratic schools", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": " persuasion and negotiation", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": " dictatorial authority", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": " a school that has good, clear laws", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": " enthusiasm", - "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": " enthusiastic teachers tend to rate them higher than teachers who didn't show much enthusiasm", - "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": " by rote but attempt to find new invigoration for the course materials on a daily basis", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": " passion", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": " teach by rote", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": " higher than teachers who didn't show much enthusiasm", - "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": " read lecture material", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm can lead to students who are more likely to be engaged, interested, energetic, and curious about learning the subject", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": " read lecture material", - "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": " emotional facial expressions", - "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": " college students has shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm", - "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": " college students reporting higher levels", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": " Controlled, experimental studies exploring intrinsic motivation of college students has shown that nonverbal expressions", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": " Controlled, experimental studies", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": " college students reporting higher", "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": " self-determined", - "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": " increasing a student's interest", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": " increasing a student's interest by the variety, novelty, and surprise of the enthusiastic teacher's presentation", "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "motivational embellishment", - "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": " emotional contagion", - "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "acher relationships", - "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": " creating beneficial relations with their students. Their ability to create effective learning environments", - "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": " A teacher must guide his student in aligning his personal goals with his academic goals. Students who receive this positive influence show stronger self-confidence", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": " teacher enthusiasm", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": " student-teacher relationships", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": " beneficial", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": " improving himself, whereas academic success includes the goals he receives", "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": " aligning his personal goals with his academic goals", - "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": " academic success", - "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": " spend more time interacting and working directly with students are perceived as supportive", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "Research shows that student motivation", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": " these", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": " friendly and supportive", - "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": " interacting and working directly with students are perceived as supportive", - "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": " spend more time interacting and working directly with students are perceived as supportive and effective teachers", - "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": " enthusiasm about teaching, enthusiasm", - "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": " chemistry", - "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": " a spark of excitement", - "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": " enthusiasm", - "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": " enthusiasm", - "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": " sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts. A study by the American Association of University Women reported that 9.6%", - "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": " sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts. A study by the American Association of University Women reported that 9.6%", - "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": " sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts. A study by the American Association of University Women reported that 9.6%", - "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": " sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts. A study by the American Association of University Women reported that 9.6%", - "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": " sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts. A study by the American Association of University Women reported that 9.6%", - "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": " 0.3%", - "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": " 0.3%", - "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": " 0.3%", - "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": " 80,000 schools to create a stratified two-stage sample design of 2,065 8th to 11th grade", - "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": " Mary Kay Letourneau", - "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": " Mary Kay Letourneau", - "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "Chris Keates", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": " interacting and working directly with students", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": " Effective", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": " enthusiasm about the students", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": " enthusiastic", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": " the student", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": " very influential", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": " enthusiasm about teaching", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": " sexual misconduct", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": " 9.6%", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": " United States", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": " sometime during their educational career", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": " American Association of University Women", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": " England", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": " 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional, a group that included priests, religious leaders, and case workers as well as teachers", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": " 2,869", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": " AAUW", + "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": " United States", + "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": " increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "ears of being labelled a pedophile or hebephile", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", - "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": " the general secretary of National Association of Schoolmasters", - "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "Chris Keates, the general secretary of National Association of Schoolmasters", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": " child protection and parental rights groups", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": " shortage of male teachers", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": " sex offenders register", - "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": " organizational change", - "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": " mental and physical health", - "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": " occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health", - "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": " mental and physical health", - "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": " occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": " occupational stress", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": " organizational change", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": " occupational burnout", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": " Stress", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": " Teachers are also at high risk for occupational burnout", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": " 42%", - "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": " 42%", - "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": " 42%", - "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": " 42%", - "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": " 42%", - "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": " Organizational interventions", - "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": " Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring, changing the work environment, and offering promotions and bonuses", - "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": " Organizational interventions", - "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": " Organizational interventions", - "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": " changing teachers' schedules", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": "A 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": " twice", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": " 2012", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": " workers", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": " several ways", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": " Organizational interventions", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": " Individual-level interventions", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": " occupational stress", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": " Organizational interventions", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": " university or college", - "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": " university or college", - "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": " after completion of high school", - "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": " background check", - "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": " elementary school education", - "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": " three-tier model", - "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": " three-tier model", - "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": " three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools", - "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": " three-tier model", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": " certification by a recognized body", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": " elementary school education certificate", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": " background check and psychiatric evaluation", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": " US", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": " the individual states and territories", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": " three", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "secondary schools/high schools", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "universities and/or TAFE colleges", "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": " three-tier model", - "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": " Bachelor", - "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": " Bachelor", - "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": " Bachelor", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": " post-secondary degree", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": " post-secondary degree", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": " the private sector, businesses and sponsors", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": " civil servants", - "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": " civil servants", - "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": " Salaries for teachers depend on the civil servants' salary", - "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": " civil servants' salary index", - "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": " middle", - "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": " \u20ac27,814", - "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": " \u20ac27,814", - "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": " \u20ac27,814", - "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": " \u20ac90,000", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": " Germany, teachers are mainly civil servants recruited in special university classes", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": "Grundschule", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": "Bundesbesoldungsordnung).", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": "Hauptschule", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": " Extra pay", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": " \u20ac27,814 p.a.,", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": " Extra pay", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": " over \u20ac90,000", "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": " the Teaching Council", - "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": " the Teaching Council; under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", - "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council; under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", - "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": " the Teaching Council", - "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": " Existing staff will be vetted on a phased basis", - "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": " refuse", - "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": " non-teaching posts and those who refuse vetting", - "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": " refuse", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": " 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": " Oireachtas funds", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": " 2006", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": " Existing staff", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": " on a phased basis", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": " non-teaching posts and those who refuse vetting", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": " \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", - "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": " \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", - "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": " \u00a320,980", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": " experience and extra responsibilities", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": " \u00a320,980 annually", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": " bachelor's degree", - "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": " \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", - "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": " alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions", - "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": " alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions", - "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": " geographic area", - "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": " retirements, especially among secondary school teachers", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": " September 2007", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": " alternative licensing programs", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": " hard-to-fill", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": " by geographic area", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": " hard-to-fill positions. Excellent job opportunities", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": " secondary school teachers", - "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": " the General Teaching Council", - "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": " a programme of Initial Teacher Education", - "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": " seven Scottish Universities", - "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": " a programme of Initial Teacher Education", - "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "Provisional Registration", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": " General Teaching Council for Scotland", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": " Teaching in Scotland", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": " seven", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": "Provisional Registration\"", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "Full Registration\" status after a year", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": " April 2008", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": " \u00a320,427", - "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": " \u00a320,427", - "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": " \u00a320,427", - "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": " \u00a320,427", - "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": " Welsh: in 2008/09, 22 per cent", - "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": " Welsh: in 2008/09, 22 per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction", - "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": " 22 per cent", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": " \u00a332,583", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": " at least 6 years at up to two modules per year", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": " trade unions with the main ones being the Educational Institute of Scotland and the Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": " Wales", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": " Welsh", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": " until the age of 16", "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": " 22 per cent", "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": " all age groups", - "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": " members", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": " trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": " falling with teachers being younger than in previous years", "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": " between 2005 and 2010", - "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": " A growing cause of concern are that attacks on teachers in Welsh schools", - "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": " attacks on teachers in Welsh schools", - "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": " three years, but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years. Public school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree", - "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": " three", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": " trade unions", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": " that attacks on teachers in Welsh schools", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": " each state", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": " ten years", "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": " bachelor's degree", - "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": " bachelor's degree", - "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": " bachelor's degree", - "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": " monetary compensation, public school teachers may also enjoy greater benefits (like health insurance) compared to other occupations. Merit pay", - "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": " monetary compensation, public school teachers may also enjoy greater benefits (like health insurance) compared to other occupations. Merit pay", + "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": " Public school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree and the majority must be certified by the state in which they teach. Many charter schools", + "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": " No Child Left Behind", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": " low salaries", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": " average teacher salaries", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": " monetary compensation", - "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": " $39,259", - "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": " monetary compensation, public school teachers may also enjoy greater benefits (like health insurance) compared to other occupations. Merit pay", - "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": " Roman \"confessor\" position in some of the more historic and conservative Reformation Churches", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": " elementary school teachers", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": " American Federation of Teachers", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": " many", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": " Roman", - "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": " Roman \"confessor\" position in some of the more historic and conservative Reformation Churches", - "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": " Roman \"confessor\" position", - "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": " the patriarchal blessing", - "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": " Aaronic priesthood, generally conferred on young boys or recent converts, and has little in common with the \"spiritual teacher\" archetype", - "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": " husband", - "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": " Aaronic priesthood, generally conferred on young boys or recent converts, and has little in common with the \"spiritual teacher\" archetype", - "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": " father of the house", - "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": " a guru, and, in many traditions of Hinduism - especially those common in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship is extremely high", - "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": " spiritual mentorship is extremely high", - "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": " exercising a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", - "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": " Hinduism", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": " not always a bishop", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": "Roman) Catholic, (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant/Non-Denominational", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": "LDS Church", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": " Elder to Bishop", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": "low-church\" traditions of Protestantism, with a stronger emphasis placed on the husband and father of a family", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": " his wife", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": " the father of the house", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": " guru", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": " extremely high", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": " the lives of their disciples", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": " the West", "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": " Lama", - "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": " Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku.", - "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": " Tulku.", - "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": " Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku.", - "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": " Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku.", - "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": " mullahs (the teachers at madrassas) to ulemas, who teach of the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic living", - "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": " Four Schools of Jurisprudence", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": " reborn", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": " Tulku", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": " many times", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": " phowa and siddhi", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": " mullahs", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": " one of the Four Schools of Jurisprudence", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": " Sufism", - "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": " exoteric, or actions-oriented, e.g. the Five Pillars of Islam", - "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": " Qutb - and of traditions passed down from initiate to initiate", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": " actions-oriented, e.g. the Five Pillars of Islam", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": " Qutb", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": " German", - "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": " 10 November 1483", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": " 18 February 1546", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": " Late Medieval Catholic Church", - "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": " reject several teachings and practices of the Late Medieval Catholic Church. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God", - "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": " Pope Leo X", - "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": " a free gift of God's grace", - "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": " Jesus Christ", - "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": " Pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God and opposed sacerdotalism", - "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": " Jesus Christ", - "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": " holy priesthood", - "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": " Latin", - "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": " Latin", - "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": " Latin", - "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": " singing in churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora", - "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": " Katharina von Bora", - "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": " Hans Luder (or Ludher, later Luther) and his wife Margarethe (n\u00e9e Lindemann) on 10 November 1483", - "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": " Hans Luder (or Ludher, later Luther) and his wife Margarethe (n\u00e9e Lindemann) on 10 November 1483", - "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": " grammar, rhetoric, and logic. Luther later compared his education there to purgatory", - "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": " Latin schools", - "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": " Latin schools", - "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": " 1501", - "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": " 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt, which he later described as a beerhouse and whorehouse", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": " freedom from God's punishment for sin", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": " excommunication by the Pope", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": " received only as a free gift of God's grace", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": " salvation and subsequently eternal life is not earned by good deeds but is received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": " Pope", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": " faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope by teaching that the Bible", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": " a holy priesthood", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": " Bible", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": " the development of a standard version", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": " the Tyndale Bible", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": " singing", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": " Protestant clergy", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": " 10 November 1483", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": " Eisleben, Saxony", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": " Holy Roman Empire", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": " Catholic", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": " lawyer", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": " University of Erfurt", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": " a beerhouse and whorehouse", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": " four", - "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": " 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt, which he later described as a beerhouse and whorehouse", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": " a beerhouse and whorehouse", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": " 1505", - "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": " the same university that year but dropped out almost immediately, believing that law represented uncertainty", - "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": " the same university that year but dropped out almost immediately, believing that law represented uncertainty", - "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": " the same university that year", - "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": " Bartholomaeus", - "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": " question men and institutions", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": " law school", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": " uncertainty", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": " Philosophy", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": " experience", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": " loving God, which to Luther was more important. Reason could not lead men to God", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": " death and divine judgment", - "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": " thunderstorm", - "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": " thunderstorm", - "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": " 17 July 1505", - "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": " 17 July 1505", - "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": " Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer", - "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": " one of deep spiritual despair", - "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": " jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\" Johann von Staupitz", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": " 2 July 1505", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": " university on horseback", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": " deaths of two friends", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": " Luther's education", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": " Augustinian order", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": " deep spiritual despair", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": " the jailer and hangman of my poor soul", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": " Johann von Staupitz", - "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": " self-inflicted penances", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": " change of heart", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": " 1507", - "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": " bachelor's degree in Biblical studies", - "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": " 1507", - "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": " 1507", - "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": " bachelor's degree in Biblical studies", - "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": " 1512", - "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": " 1512", - "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": " Doctor of Theology", - "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": " Doctor of Theology", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": " von Staupitz", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": " 1508", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": " 9 March 1508", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": " Biblical studies", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": " 19 October 1512", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": " 21 October 1512", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": " Doctor", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": " University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": " Doctor of Theology", - "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": " 1516, Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar and papal commissioner", - "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": " Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica", - "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": " St. Peter's Basilica", - "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": " on such faith as is active in charity and good works", - "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": " The benefits of good works", - "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": " Hans Hiller", - "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": " Hans Hiller", - "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": " The Ninety-Five Theses. Hans Hiller", - "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": " Hans Hiller", - "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": " Hans Hiller", - "56f80143aef2371900625d68": " a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel", - "56f80143aef2371900625d69": " springs.\"", - "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": " Johann Tetzel", - "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "Luther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel", - "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": " Christians", - "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": " indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation", - "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": " indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments", - "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": " indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error", - "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": " Christ on account of such false assurances.", - "56f8046faef2371900625d71": " indulgences for the dead", - "56f8046faef2371900625d72": " reflection", - "56f8046faef2371900625d73": " indulgences for the dead", - "56f8046faef2371900625d74": " Catholic dogma", - "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": " Philipp Melanchthon", - "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": " Philipp Melanchthon", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": " 1516", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": " to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": " Roman Catholic theology stated that faith alone, whether fiduciary or dogmatic", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": " active in charity and good works", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": " faith alone, whether fiduciary or dogmatic", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": " 31 October 1517", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": " Albert of Mainz", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": " The Ninety-Five Theses", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": " Hans Hillerbrand", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": " Thesis 86", + "56f80143aef2371900625d68": " Johann Tetzel", + "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "into heaven", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "Luther", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": " Johann Tetzel", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": " God's alone to grant, those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": " salvation", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": " all punishments", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": " indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": " Christ", + "56f8046faef2371900625d71": " Tetzel", + "56f8046faef2371900625d72": " a reflection of his capacity to exaggerate", + "56f8046faef2371900625d73": " in regard to indulgences for the dead", + "56f8046faef2371900625d74": " the time", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": " the posting on the door, even though it has settled as one of the pillars of history", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": " the posting", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": " Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": " Wittenberg", - "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": " Philipp Melanchthon", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": " little foundation in truth", "56f8074faef2371900625d79": " January 1518", - "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": " the printing press", - "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": " Latin into German", - "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": " January 1518", - "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": " January 1518", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": " printing press", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": " friends", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": " two weeks", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": " two weeks", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": " 1519", - "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": " Galatians and his Work on the Psalms", - "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": " Three of his best-known works were published in 1520", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": " Students", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": " creative", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": " 1520", - "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": " 1520: To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church", - "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": " the Psalms", - "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": " the Psalms", - "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms", - "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": " central truths of Christianity", - "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": " the chief article of the whole Christian doctrine, which comprehends the understanding of all godliness", - "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": " Smalcald Articles", - "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": " Smalcald Articles", - "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": " Smalcald Articles", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": " Galatians and his Work on the Psalms", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": " on the Psalms", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": " the use of terms such as penance and righteousness", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": " corrupt", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": " several of the central truths of Christianity", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": " justification", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": " God", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": " 1525", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": " a gift from God", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": " Smalcald Articles", - "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": " Smalcald Articles", - "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": " His railing against the sale of indulgences", - "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": " His railing against the sale of indulgences", - "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": " the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation. His railing against the sale of indulgences", - "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": " His railing against the sale of indulgences", - "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop", - "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": "the pope had a finger in the pie as well, because one half was to go to the building of St Peter's Church in Rome", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": " faith", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "Luther's rediscovery of \"Christ and His salvation", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "Luther's rediscovery of \"Christ and His salvation\"", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": " the sale of indulgences", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": " two", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": " Rome", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": " a papal dispensation", - "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": " 95", - "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": " 1517", - "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": " Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini", - "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": " arrest Luther if he failed to recant, but the legate desisted from doing so. Luther slipped out of the city at night", - "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": " Imperial Diet was held. There, in October 1518", - "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": " arrest Luther if he failed to recant, but the legate desisted from doing so. Luther slipped out of the city at night", - "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": " arrest Luther if he failed to recant, but the legate desisted from doing so. Luther slipped out of the city at night", - "56f81393aef2371900625da9": " January 1519, at Altenburg", - "56f81393aef2371900625daa": " Andreas Karlstadt", - "56f81393aef2371900625dab": " Andreas Karlstadt", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": " one half", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": " December 1517", + "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "Pope Leo X", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": " reformers and heretics", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": " October 1518", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": " Cardinal Cajetan Luther stated that he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": " Cardinal Cajetan Luther", + "56f81393aef2371900625da9": " January 1519", + "56f81393aef2371900625daa": " remain silent", + "56f81393aef2371900625dab": " Johann Eck,", "56f81393aef2371900625dac": " Matthew 16:18", - "56f81393aef2371900625dad": " Andreas Karlstadt", - "56f81537aef2371900625db3": " 3 January 1521", - "56f81537aef2371900625db4": " 3 January 1521", - "56f81537aef2371900625db5": " Leo X", - "56f81537aef2371900625db6": " On the Freedom of a Christian in October, publicly set fire to the bull and decretals at Wittenberg", + "56f81393aef2371900625dad": " Jan Hus", + "56f81537aef2371900625db3": " 15 June 1520", + "56f81537aef2371900625db4": " recanted 41 sentences drawn from his writings", + "56f81537aef2371900625db5": " 60 days", + "56f81537aef2371900625db6": " Karl von Miltitz", "56f81537aef2371900625db7": " 3 January 1521", - "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": " Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms", - "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": " 28 January to 25 May 1521", - "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": " Emperor Charles V", - "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": " Emperor Charles V presiding. Prince Frederick III", - "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": " Emperor Charles V presiding. Prince Frederick III", - "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": " assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", - "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": " the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", - "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": " contents", - "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": " the next day", - "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": " the books were his, and whether he stood by their contents", - "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": " Michael Mullett", - "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": " Michael Mullett", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": " secular authorities", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": " 18 April 1521", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": " estates of the Holy Roman Empire", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": " Emperor Charles V", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": " Prince Frederick III", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Johann Eck", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": " Archbishop of Trier", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": " whether he stood by their contents", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": " next day", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": " Luther confirmed he was their author, but requested time to think about the answer to the second question", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": " raised his arm \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\"", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": "in the traditional salute of a knight", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": " Michael Mullett", - "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": " Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory", - "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": "Here I stand. I can do no other\".", - "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "May God help me\" only in later versions of the speech and not recorded in witness accounts of the proceedings. However, Mullett", - "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": "Here I stand. I can do no other\".", - "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": " the more dramatic", - "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": " five", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "world classic of epoch-making oratory", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": " recant his writings", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "Luther", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": " they were inserted before \"May God help me\" only in later versions of the speech and not recorded in witness accounts", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": " the more dramatic form", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "Over the next five days", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": " 25 May 1521", - "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": " 25 May 1521", - "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": " five", - "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": " food or shelter", - "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": " the security of the Wartburg Castle", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": " Emperor", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": " The Emperor presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": " kill", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "Refutation of the Argument of Latomus,\"", "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": " the security of the Wartburg Castle", - "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": " Wartburg, which he referred to as \"my Patmos\",", - "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": " Frederick III", - "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": " Jacobus Latomus", - "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": " sin", - "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": " 1 August 1521", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": " Patmos", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": " New Testament", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": " poured out doctrinal and polemical writings", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": " a sin", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": " cannot be earned", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": " 1 August 1521", - "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": " Melanchthon", - "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": " Melanchthon", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": " your trust in Christ", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": " justice resides", "56f84485aef2371900625f71": " summer of 1521", - "56f84485aef2371900625f72": " idolatry the idea that the mass is a sacrifice, asserting instead that it is a gift, to be received with thanksgiving", - "56f84485aef2371900625f73": " the idea that the mass is a sacrifice, asserting instead that it is a gift, to be received with thanksgiving", - "56f84485aef2371900625f74": " The Judgement of Martin Luther", - "56f84485aef2371900625f75": " illegitimate and vain", - "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": " the prophecy of the Little Horn in Daniel 8:9\u201312", + "56f84485aef2371900625f72": " a sacrifice, asserting instead that it is a gift", + "56f84485aef2371900625f73": " a gift", + "56f84485aef2371900625f74": " private confession and absolution", + "56f84485aef2371900625f75": " break their vows without sin, because vows were an illegitimate and vain attempt to win salvation", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": " he broadened the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": " 1521", - "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": " 1521", - "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": " Little Horn in Daniel 8:9\u201312", - "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": " the power of the Papacy. So too was the Little Horn of Daniel 7", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": " the prophecy of the Little Horn in Daniel 8:9\u201312", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": " the Little Horn in Daniel 8:9", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": " power of the Papacy", "56f84760aef2371900625f81": " Gabriel Zwilling", - "56f84760aef2371900625f82": " Andreas Karlstadt", - "56f84760aef2371900625f83": " Augustinian friars", - "56f84760aef2371900625f84": " Andreas Karlstadt", - "56f84760aef2371900625f85": " Andreas Karlstadt", + "56f84760aef2371900625f82": " December 1521", + "56f84760aef2371900625f83": " disturbances", + "56f84760aef2371900625f84": " Zwickau prophets", + "56f84760aef2371900625f85": " the town council", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": " 6 March 1522", - "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": " eight sermons, which became known as the \"Invocavit Sermons\".", - "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": " eight sermons, which became known as the \"Invocavit Sermons\".", - "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": " eight", - "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": " eight", - "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": " Jerome", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": " necessary change", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": " preached eight sermons", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "Invocavit Sermons", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": " trust God's word", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": " immediate", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": " Jerome Schurf", - "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": " Jerome", - "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": " Jerome", - "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": " Jerome Schurf", - "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": "Luther next set about reversing or modifying the new church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order", - "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": " Zwickau prophets", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": " sixth sermon", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": " misguided people into the way of the truth", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": " misguided people", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": " public order", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": " the authorities", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": " Zwickau prophets", - "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": " social unrest", - "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": " the authorities to restore public order, he signalled his reinvention as a conservative force within the Reformation. After banishing the Zwickau prophets", - "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": " Michael Gaismair", - "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": " Michael Gaismair", - "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": " 1524", - "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": " Franconia", - "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": " upper classes in general. Revolts broke out in Franconia", + "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": " social unrest and violence", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": " reformers who threatened the new order by fomenting social unrest and violence", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": " prophet", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": " German Peasants' War of 1524", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": " 1524\u201325", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": " support an attack on the upper classes", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": " the upper classes", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": " the temporal authorities", - "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": " the widespread burning of convents", - "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": " the nobles to put down the rebels like mad dogs", - "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": " the widespread burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces", - "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": " nobles to put down the rebels like mad dogs", - "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": " three grounds", - "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": " blasphemy", - "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": " blasphemy", - "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "Christian brethren", - "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "death in body and soul, if only as highwaymen and murderers", - "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": " Swabian League", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": " Thuringia", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": " mad dogs", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": " obey the temporal authorities", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": " nobles", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": " three", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": " \"Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's\";", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": " God", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": " the Divine Right of Kings", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "death in body and soul", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": " many rebels laid down their weapons", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": " Swabian League", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": " 15 May 1525", - "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": " Swabian League", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": " M\u00fcntzer's execution", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": " the wing of the secular powers", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": " Katharina von Bora", - "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": " Katharina von Bora", - "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": " 26 years", - "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": " Katharina von Bora", - "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora", - "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": " Johannes Bugenhagen", - "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": " Johannes Bugenhagen", - "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": " Johannes Bugenhagen", - "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": " Johannes Bugenhagen", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": " herring barrels", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": " 26", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": " 41", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": " April 1523", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": " 13 June 1525", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": " 13 June 1525", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": " the wedding banquet", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": " 27 June", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": " Johannes Bugenhagen", - "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": " Andreas Karlstadt", - "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": " Andreas Karlstadt", - "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": " George Spalatin", - "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": " George Spalatin", - "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": " George Spalatin", - "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": " Michael Stiefel on 11 August 1526", - "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": " Hans \u2013 June 1526", - "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": " Hans \u2013 June 1526", - "56f8575aaef2371900626000": " Michael Stiefel on 11 August 1526", - "56f8575aaef2371900626001": " Michael Stiefel on 11 August 1526", - "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": " Biblical ideal", - "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": " supervisory church body", - "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": " supervisory church body", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": " reckless", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": " clerical marriage", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": " Biblical grounds", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": " wedlock", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": " reckless", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": " 11 August 1526", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": " a wedding present from the new elector John the Steadfast", + "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": " six", + "56f8575aaef2371900626000": " poverty for the riches of Croesus", + "56f8575aaef2371900626001": " farming", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": " Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": " a supervisory church body", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": " supervisory church", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": " two catechisms", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": " revolutionary to the extent that it is a theology of the cross", "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": " extreme change", - "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": " Johannes Agricola", - "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": " The Eisleben reformer Johannes Agricola", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": " Electorate of Saxony", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": " an adviser", "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": " John the Steadfast", - "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": " Johannes Agricola", - "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": " 1526", - "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": " 1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass", - "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": " catechism. He also provided simplified versions of the baptism and marriage services", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": " questionable and originally unintended development towards a church government under the temporal sovereign\".", + "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": " early 1526", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": " his 1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": "simple people", "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": " unison setting of the Creed", - "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": " catechism. He also provided simplified versions of the baptism and marriage services", - "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": " 1527", - "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": " 1527", - "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": " standard of pastoral care and Christian education", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": " freedom", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": " during their visitation of the Electorate of Saxony, which began in 1527", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": " visitation of the Electorate of Saxony", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": " standard of pastoral care", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": " Christian doctrine", - "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": "the common people knowing nothing at all of Christian doctrine ... and unfortunately many pastors are well-nigh unskilled", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": " teaching", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": " catechism", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": " 1529", - "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": " 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors", - "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": " 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism", - "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": " 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism", - "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": " Saturnian hunger", - "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": " Saturnian hunger", - "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": " The Small Catechism", - "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": " Saturnian hunger", - "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": " along with Luther's hymns and his translation of the Bible", - "56f86966aef2371900626053": " Larger Catechism was effective for pastors. Using the German vernacular", - "56f86966aef2371900626054": " Larger Catechism was effective for pastors. Using the German vernacular", - "56f86966aef2371900626055": " Using the German vernacular", - "56f86966aef2371900626056": " a doctrine to be learned", - "56f86966aef2371900626057": " the Father and draws the believer to the Father. Luther's treatment of the Apostles' Creed", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": " pastors and teachers", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": " pastors and teachers", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": " questions and answers", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "The catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": " plan to collect my writings in volumes,\" he wrote, \"I am quite cool and not at all eager about it", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": " the Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "The catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": " hymns and his translation of the Bible", + "56f86966aef2371900626053": " Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626054": "Luther's Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626055": " Decalogue", + "56f86966aef2371900626056": " persons to be known", + "56f86966aef2371900626057": " the Father", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": " 1522", - "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", - "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": " the main point of Christian doctrine, namely, that we are justified by faith in Christ without any works of the Law", - "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": " \"alone\" after \"faith\"", - "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": " by faith in Christ without any works of the Law", - "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": " German spoken at the Saxon chancellery", - "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery", - "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": " vigorous, direct language", - "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": " Bible accessible to everyday Germans, \"for we are removing impediments and difficulties so that other people may read it without hindrance", - "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": "Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery", - "56f86e91aef2371900626067": " William Tyndale", - "56f86e91aef2371900626068": " William Tyndale", - "56f86e91aef2371900626069": " William Tyndale", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": " 1534", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": " the translation", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "alone", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": " faith in Christ without any works of the Law", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": " Saxon chancellery", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": " northern and southern Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": " everyday Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "for we are removing impediments and difficulties so that other people may read it without hindrance", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": " impediments and difficulties", + "56f86e91aef2371900626067": " German-language publications", + "56f86e91aef2371900626068": " Bible translation", + "56f86e91aef2371900626069": " evolution of the German language and literature", "56f86e91aef237190062606a": " Lucas Cranach", "56f86e91aef237190062606b": " William Tyndale", - "56f87000aef2371900626071": "writer", - "56f87000aef2371900626072": "writer", - "56f87000aef2371900626073": " singing of German hymns", - "56f87000aef2371900626074": "writer", - "56f87000aef2371900626075": " singing of German hymns", - "56f8720eaef237190062608f": " \"Ein neues Lied wir heben an\" (\"A new song we raise\"),", - "56f8720eaef2371900626090": " Roman Catholic Church", - "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "Ein neues Lied wir heben an\" (\"A new song we raise\"), which is generally known in English by John C. Messenger", + "56f87000aef2371900626071": " hymn-writer", + "56f87000aef2371900626072": " high art and folk music", + "56f87000aef2371900626073": " lute", + "56f87000aef2371900626074": " lute", + "56f87000aef2371900626075": " lute", + "56f8720eaef237190062608f": " execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, the first individuals to be martyred by the Roman Catholic Church", + "56f8720eaef2371900626090": " Lutheran views", + "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "Ein neues Lied wir heben an\"", "56f8720eaef2371900626092": " John C. Messenger", - "56f8720eaef2371900626093": " John C. Messenger", - "56f87392aef2371900626099": " three-stanza confession of faith", - "56f87392aef237190062609a": " three-stanza confession of faith prefiguring Luther's 1529 three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed", - "56f87392aef237190062609b": " three-stanza confession of faith prefiguring Luther's 1529 three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed in the Small Catechism", - "56f87392aef237190062609c": " \"Wir glauben all an einen Gott\" (\"We All Believe in One True God\") is a three-stanza confession of faith", - "56f87392aef237190062609d": " \"Wir glauben all an einen Gott\" (\"We All Believe in One True God\") is a three-stanza confession of faith", - "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": "Vater unser im Himmelreich\", corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism", - "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": "Vater unser im Himmelreich\", corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism", - "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": " a liturgical setting", - "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": " multiple revisions", - "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "Vater unser im Himmelreich\", corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism", + "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "Ein neues Lied wir heben", + "56f87392aef2371900626099": " 1524", + "56f87392aef237190062609a": " the Apostles' Creed", + "56f87392aef237190062609b": " Small Catechism", + "56f87392aef237190062609c": " German creed", + "56f87392aef237190062609d": " difficulty of its tune", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": " 1538", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": " Small Catechism", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": " specific catechism questions", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": " multiple revisions, demonstrating Luther's concern to clarify and strengthen the text", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": " tune", "56f87760aef23719006260cc": " 1523", - "56f87760aef23719006260cd": " Paul Speratus", - "56f87760aef23719006260ce": " Paul Speratus", - "56f87760aef23719006260cf": " 1524", - "56f87760aef23719006260d0": " Paul Speratus", - "56f879bdaef23719006260de": " Ten Commandments", - "56f879bdaef23719006260df": " Victimae paschali laudes", - "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": " German Te Deum", + "56f87760aef23719006260cd": " essential Reformation doctrine", + "56f87760aef23719006260ce": " write psalm-hymns for use in German worship", + "56f87760aef23719006260cf": " Psalm 130", + "56f87760aef23719006260d0": " essential Reformation doctrine", + "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", + "56f879bdaef23719006260df": " Veni redemptor gentium", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": " Veni redemptor gentium", "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": " two", - "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": " German Te Deum", - "56f87e95aef237190062610a": " Jordan", - "56f87e95aef237190062610b": " 1541 hymn \"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam\"", - "56f87e95aef237190062610c": " Jordan came the Christ our Lord\") reflects the structure and substance of his questions and answers concerning baptism in the Small Catechism", - "56f87e95aef237190062610d": " \"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam\"", - "56f87e95aef237190062610e": " \"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": " the German Te Deum", + "56f87e95aef237190062610a": " baptism", + "56f87e95aef237190062610b": " Johann Walter", + "56f87e95aef237190062610c": " prayer for grace", + "56f87e95aef237190062610d": " Wolf Heintz", + "56f87e95aef237190062610e": " Halle", "56f88025aef237190062611e": " early Lutheran hymnals", - "56f88025aef237190062611f": " four of eight", - "56f88025aef2371900626120": " four of eight", - "56f88025aef2371900626121": " four of eight", - "56f88025aef2371900626122": " four", + "56f88025aef237190062611f": " 24", + "56f88025aef2371900626120": " four", + "56f88025aef2371900626121": " 24", + "56f88025aef2371900626122": " Achtliederbuch", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": " Johann Sebastian Bach", - "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": " Christ lag in Todes Banden", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": " cantatas", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": " 1707", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": " 1735", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": " 1735", - "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": " the existence of Purgatory", - "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": " the existence of Purgatory", - "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": " the existence of Purgatory", - "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": " Smalcald Articles", - "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": " graves", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": " sleeps", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": " torments", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": " separated from the body", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": " Christian souls undergoing penitential suffering", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": "in their graves and in heaven", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": " Franz Pieper", - "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": " Franz Pieper", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": " Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": " Johann Gerhard", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "1755", - "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": " Francis Blackburn", - "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": " Francis Blackburne in 1765 argued that John Jortin misread this and other passages from Luther, while Gottfried Fritschel", - "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": " John Jortin", - "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": " John Jortin", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": " Genesis", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": " Francis Blackburne", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": " 1765", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": " Gottfried Fritschel", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": " dreams", "56f88c37aef2371900626176": " October 1529", - "56f88c37aef2371900626177": " Landgrave of Hesse, convoked an assembly of German and Swiss theologians at the Marburg Colloquy", - "56f88c37aef2371900626178": " Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, convoked an assembly of German and Swiss theologians", + "56f88c37aef2371900626177": " Landgrave of Hesse", + "56f88c37aef2371900626178": " doctrinal unity in the emerging Protestant states", "56f88c37aef2371900626179": " fourteen", - "56f88c37aef237190062617a": " fourteen points", - "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "This is my body which is for you\"", - "56f88eafaef2371900626195": " the Real Presence", - "56f88eafaef2371900626196": " the sacramental union", - "56f88eafaef2371900626197": " the Real Presence", - "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "The flesh profiteth nothing\"", + "56f88c37aef237190062617a": " nature of the Eucharist", + "56f88eafaef2371900626194": " significance of the words spoken by Jesus", + "56f88eafaef2371900626195": " Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ", + "56f88eafaef2371900626196": " sacramental union", + "56f88eafaef2371900626197": " spiritually or symbolically present", + "56f88eafaef2371900626198": " confrontational", "56f8907faef23719006261b2": " 1530", - "56f8907faef23719006261b3": " John of Saxony", - "56f8907faef23719006261b4": " John of Saxony", - "56f8907faef23719006261b5": " 1530", - "56f8907faef23719006261b6": " Philip of Hesse, and George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach", - "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": " honoring their different epistemological spheres", - "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": " honoring their different epistemological spheres", - "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": " honoring their different epistemological spheres", - "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": " honoring their different epistemological spheres", - "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": " dialectical partnership. Luther's concern thus in separating them is honoring their different epistemological spheres", - "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": " 1543 treatise Von den Juden", + "56f8907faef23719006261b3": " Marburg Colloquy", + "56f8907faef23719006261b4": " Schmalkaldic League", + "56f8907faef23719006261b5": " Swiss", + "56f8907faef23719006261b6": " the following year by leading Protestant nobles such as John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and George, Margrave of Brandenburg", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": " antithetical", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": " reason", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": " sheerly impossible, absurd, and false.\"", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": " Reason", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": " the separate spheres of knowledge", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": " Jesus Christ", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": " Jewish conversion to Christianity", - "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": " 1543", - "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": " Von den Juden", - "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": " Von den Juden", - "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": " 1526", - "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": " 1526", - "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": " Charles V", - "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": " 1526", - "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": " 1526", - "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": " Latin translation of the Qur'an", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": " the Jews, writing against them with the kind of venom he had already unleashed on the Anabaptists", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": " the Jews", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": " 1523", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": " a scourge sent to punish Christians by God", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": " punish Christians by God", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": " punish Christians", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": " papacy", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": " non-religious", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": " Qur'an", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": " Latin", - "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "the Turk\". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith", - "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an", - "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": " the publication of the Qur'an", - "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "1494\u20131566", - "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": " Johannes Agricola", - "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": " city hall", - "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": " six", - "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": " six", - "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": " the \"second use of the law,\"", - "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": " the law as the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart", - "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": " refusing to preach the Ten Commandments", - "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": " the Ten Commandments among Christians", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "the Turk\".", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": " a tool of the devil", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": " exposed to scrutiny", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": " God's wrath to Christians", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": " Agricola", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": " the law is no longer to be taught to Christians", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": " with six series of theses", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": " On the Councils and the Church", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": "second use of the law,\" that is, the law as the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": " to work sorrow over sin in man's heart", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": " everything that is used to work sorrow over sin", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": " removing the three letters l-a-w from the church \u2013 does not eliminate the accusing law", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": " holy people", - "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": " his or her vocations on a daily basis", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": " live", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": " the natural law", - "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": " \"third use of the law.\"", - "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": " nothing more than an illustration of the Ten Commandments", - "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": " daily basis", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": " positively teach how the Christian ought to live. This has traditionally been called the \"third use", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": " an example, is nothing more than an illustration of the Ten Commandments, which a Christian should follow in his or her vocations on a daily basis", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": " vocations on a daily basis", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": " baptism", - "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": " Luther's teaching of the Ten Commandments", - "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": " Luther's teaching of the Ten Commandments, therefore, has clear eschatological overtones", - "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": " Martin Brecht", - "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": " Martin Brecht", - "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": " Margarethe von der Saale", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": " angel-like life", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": " present foreshadowing of the believers' future angel-like life", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": " marry one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": " the bigamy", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": " one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": " Martin Brecht", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": " lasting damage", - "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": " Bonhoeffer", - "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": " Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy, Christian author Eric Metaxas", - "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": " rejected people guilty of the murder of Christ", - "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": " the divinity of Jesus,", - "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": " Bonhoeffer", - "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": " Robert Michael", - "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": " Robert Michael", - "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": " Robert Michael", - "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": " Robert Michael", - "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": " \"We are at fault in not slaying them\" amounted to a sanction for murder", - "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": " Josel asked the city of Strasbourg", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": " expelled", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": " Jews", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": " murder of Christ", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": " divinity of Jesus", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": " convert them to Christianity", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": " Von den Juden und Ihren L\u00fcgen", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": " 1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": " three years", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "the devil's people", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": " a sanction for murder", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": " the Jews", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": " Martin Luther", - "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": " the Jews in Saxony", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": " doomed to perdition", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": " Luther's anti-Jewish works", - "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": " Josel asked the city of Strasbourg", - "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": " Michael, just about every anti-Jewish book printed in the Third Reich contained references to and quotations from Luther. Heinrich Himmler", - "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": " Michael, just about every anti-Jewish book printed in the Third Reich contained references to and quotations from Luther. Heinrich Himmler", - "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": " Michael, just about every anti-Jewish book printed in the Third Reich contained references to and quotations from Luther. Heinrich Himmler", - "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": " Michael, just about every anti-Jewish book printed in the Third Reich contained references to and quotations from Luther. Heinrich Himmler", - "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": " Julius Streicher", - "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": " Daniel Goldhagen", - "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": " Daniel Goldhagen", - "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": " Daniel Goldhagen", - "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": " Daniel Goldhagen", - "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": " Daniel Goldhagen", - "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": " Hans J. Hiller", - "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": " Roland Bainton", - "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": " Johannes Wallmann", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": " 1580s", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Luther", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": " anti-Jewish rhetoric", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": " attacks on Jews", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": " Heinrich Himmler", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": " most radically anti-Semitic tract ever published", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": " 17 December 1941", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": " Luther had already suggested preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory.\" According to Daniel Goldhagen, Bishop Martin Sasse", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": " Diarmaid MacCulloch", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": " seven Protestant regional church confederations", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": "blueprint", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": " opportunistic", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": "church fathers", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": " modern hatred of the Jews", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": " 18th and 19th centuries", - "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": " religious", - "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": " Ronald Berger", - "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": " Ronald Berger", - "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": " Christopher J. Probst", - "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": " Ronald Berger", - "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": " hostile publications towards the Jews and their Jewish religion", - "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": " Luther's Last Battles", - "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": " declining state of mind", - "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "vulgarity", - "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "vulgarity", - "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "vulgarity", - "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": " Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred", - "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": " the least prejudiced toward Jews. Nevertheless, Professor Richard (Dick) Geary", - "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": " Richard (Dick) Geary", - "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": " 1928", - "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": " M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease", - "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": " Philip of Hesse", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": " entirely religious", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": " violence", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": " Christopher J. Probst", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "hysterical and demonizing mentality\" about Jews", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": " Christopher J. Probst", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": " Luther's hostile publications towards the Jews and their Jewish religion", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": " declining state of mind", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": " state of mind", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "vulgarity and violence", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": " Jews and in diatribes against \"Turks\" (Muslims) and Catholics", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": " Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531\u201346", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "Since the 1980s", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": " least prejudiced toward Jews", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": " Professor Richard (Dick) Geary", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": " 1928-1933", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": " deteriorated further", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": " the bigamy of the Philip of Hesse incident", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": " kidney and bladder stones", - "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": " kidney and bladder stones", - "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": " kidney and bladder stones", - "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": " Katharina", - "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": " Katharina", - "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": " Katharina", - "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": " Katharina", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": " ill health for years, including M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": " ill health for years, including M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": " poor physical health", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": " poor physical health", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": " poor physical health made him short-tempered", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": " Justus Jonas", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": " three", - "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": " 15 February 1546", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": " Eisleben", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": " 15 February 1546", - "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": " James Mackinnon", - "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": " James Mackinnon", - "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": " James Mackinnon", - "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": " 1545", - "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": " Hans Luther's copper mining trade", - "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": " 1545", - "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": " 1545 to participate in the negotiations for a settlement, and a third visit was needed in early 1546", - "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": " Hans Luther's copper mining trade", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": " obdurate Jews", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": " German territory", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": " practice Christian love", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": " Mansfeld", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": " his concern for his siblings' families", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": " late 1545", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": " early 1546", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": " his siblings' families", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": " 17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": " chest pains", - "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": " \"Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God\"", - "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": " Luther's reply", - "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": " 1 a.m. he awoke with more chest pain and was warmed with hot towels", - "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": " Johannes Bugenhagen", - "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": " 2:45 a.m", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": "Ps. 31:5", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God\"", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": " 17 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": " apoplectic stroke", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": " 2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": " 18 February 1546", - "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": " Castle Church in Wittenberg, beneath the pulpit. The funeral was held by his friends Johannes Bugenhagen", - "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": " Johannes Bugenhagen", - "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": " Latin, apart from \"We are beggars,\"", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": " Castle Church in Wittenberg", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": " Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": " his last statement", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": " Latin", - "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": " Latin", - "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": " Hans Brosamer", - "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": " Hans Brosamer", - "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "double chin", - "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": " Hans Brosamer", - "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": " 1530s", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": " \"We are beggars,\"", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": " printed images", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": " frail Catholic saints, Luther was presented as a stout man", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": " printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": " medieval religious orders", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": " 1530s and 1540s", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": " 18 February", - "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": " 18 February", - "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": " 18 February", - "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": " 31 October", - "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": " 18 February", - "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "eight counties", - "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "eight counties\",", - "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "eight counties", - "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "eight counties\",", - "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "eight counties\",", - "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": " Mexican border into Tijuana", - "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": " 8- and 10-county", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": " 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": " 31 October", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": " 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": " 31 October", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": " SoCal", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": " 10", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": " economic center", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": " demographics and economic ties: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ventura", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": " demographics and economic ties", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": " Southern California Megaregion", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": " 11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": " Las Vegas, Nevada", - "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": " east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana", - "5705e33f52bb891400689650": " east into Las Vegas, Nevada", - "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": " Ventura", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": " Mexican border", + "5705e33f52bb891400689650": " Las Vegas, Nevada", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": " Pacific coast", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": " seven", - "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": " seven", - "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": " seven metropolitan areas", - "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": " seven", - "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": " the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert at the border with the state of Nevada. To the south", - "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": " Mojave Desert", - "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": " Mojave Desert at the border with the state of Nevada. To the south", - "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": " Mexico\u2013United States border.", - "5705e63175f01819005e7720": " San Diego", - "5705e63175f01819005e7721": " San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792", - "5705e63175f01819005e7722": " San Diego", - "5705e63175f01819005e7723": " San Diego", - "5705e63175f01819005e7724": " San Diego, as well as three", - "5705e99452bb891400689688": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino", - "5705e99452bb891400689689": " Los Angeles", - "5705e99452bb89140068968a": " five most populous in the state and all are in the top 15 most populous counties", - "5705e99452bb89140068968b": " Los Angeles", - "5705e99452bb89140068968c": " Los Angeles", - "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": " Hollywood", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": " over 12 million", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": " Los Angeles area", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": " 17.5 million", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": " Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": " Mexico\u2013United States border", + "5705e63175f01819005e7720": " southern California", + "5705e63175f01819005e7721": " 3,792,621", + "5705e63175f01819005e7722": " Los Angeles", + "5705e63175f01819005e7723": " Los Angeles", + "5705e63175f01819005e7724": " south", + "5705e99452bb891400689688": " Los Angeles", + "5705e99452bb891400689689": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5705e99452bb89140068968a": " the five most populous in the state", + "5705e99452bb89140068968b": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in the state and all are in the top 15", + "5705e99452bb89140068968c": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": " Los Angeles in southern California", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": " Los Angeles", - "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": " Hollywood", - "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": " Hollywood", - "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": " Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony", - "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": " San Diego Yacht Club", - "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": " Tony Hawk", - "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": " Tony Hawk", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": " The Walt Disney Company", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": " music", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": " Sony", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": " skateboard", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": " Shaun White", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": " Volcom, Quiksilver", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": " Oahu", - "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": " San Diego Yacht Club", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": " Transpacific Yacht Race", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": " Palm Springs", - "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": " Palm Springs", - "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": " southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert", - "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": " desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces", - "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": " 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south", - "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": " 37", - "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": " ten southern-most counties", - "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": " Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains", - "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": " San Jose", - "5705eee952bb8914006896de": " Monterey", - "5705eee952bb8914006896df": " 36 degrees, 30 minutes, the line of the Missouri Compromise", - "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": " Los Angeles", - "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": " the Compromise", - "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": " a free state", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": " beaches", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": " southern California", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": " open spaces", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": " 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": " 11", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": " ten", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": " Tehachapi Mountains", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": " northern", + "5705eee952bb8914006896de": " Mexico", + "5705eee952bb8914006896df": " Alta California", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": " Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": " Compromise", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": " free state", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": " inequitable taxes", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Cow Counties", - "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": " three times", - "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": " the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller. It was approved overwhelmingly by nearly 75%", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": " three", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": " 75%", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": " Milton Latham", - "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": " San Bernardino", - "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": " San Bernardino", - "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": " San Bernardino", - "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": " San Bernardino", - "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": " San Bernardino", - "5705f36452bb891400689718": " northern, central, and southern California regions", - "5705f36452bb891400689719": " along the lines where their jurisdictions for membership apply, as either northern or southern California, in contrast to the three-region point of view", - "5705f36452bb89140068971a": " northern, central, and southern California regions. The two AAA Auto Clubs", - "5705f36452bb89140068971b": " northern", - "5705f36452bb89140068971c": " north Los Angeles County and eastern Kern and San Bernardino", - "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": " heavily developed urban environment", - "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": " Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino", - "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": " suburban communities", - "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": " Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino", - "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": " Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": " Los Angeles Times", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": " 1900", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": " 1999", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": " seven", + "5705f36452bb891400689718": " regional tourism groups", + "5705f36452bb891400689719": " California State Automobile Association", + "5705f36452bb89140068971a": " the three-region point of view", + "5705f36452bb89140068971b": " South of the Tehachapis", + "5705f36452bb89140068971c": " southern California", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": " third most populated megalopolis in the United States", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": " third", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": " suburban", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": " highways", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": " heavily developed", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": " Camp Pendleton", - "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": " Camp Pendleton", - "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": " Camp Pendleton", - "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": " Camp Pendleton", - "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": " 1980s and 1990s", - "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": " 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate. But snow", - "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": " Summers", - "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": " 90", - "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": " 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate. But snow is very rare", - "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": " 90", - "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": " Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains", - "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": " Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains", - "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": " Pacific Ocean", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": " Inland Empire", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": " United States Census Bureau", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": " Orange Counties", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": " 1990s", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": " Mediterranean", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": " rain", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": " 90-60's", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": " very rare", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": " 90-60's", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": " Pacific Ocean", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": " geologic, topographic", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": " topographic", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": " Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains", - "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "Southern California consists of one of the more varied collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes", - "5705fec152bb89140068977a": " 10", - "5705fec152bb89140068977b": " 10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt. Only several hundred", - "5705fec152bb89140068977c": " 15\u201320 are greater than magnitude 4.0. The magnitude 6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake was particularly destructive", - "5705fec152bb89140068977d": " $20 billion", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": " large and small interior valleys", + "5705fec152bb89140068977a": " 10,000", + "5705fec152bb89140068977b": " 10,000", + "5705fec152bb89140068977c": " 6.7", + "5705fec152bb89140068977d": " property damage", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": " $20 billion", - "5705ffde52bb891400689784": " San Andreas Fault", - "5705ffde52bb891400689785": " San Andreas Fault", - "5705ffde52bb891400689786": " Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", - "5705ffde52bb891400689787": " San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event. Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault", - "5705ffde52bb891400689788": " San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event. Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault", - "570602fa52bb89140068979e": " containing its own culture and atmosphere", - "570602fa52bb89140068979f": " the hub of economic activity", - "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": " city with both national and sometimes global recognition, which are often the hub of economic activity", - "570603c475f01819005e7882": " 22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates", - "570603c475f01819005e7883": " 22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates", + "5705ffde52bb891400689784": " faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault", + "5705ffde52bb891400689785": " 6.7+", + "5705ffde52bb891400689786": " San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", + "5705ffde52bb891400689787": " USGS", + "5705ffde52bb891400689788": " Earthquake occurrence", + "570602fa52bb89140068979e": " economically", + "570602fa52bb89140068979f": " global", + "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": " economic", + "570603c475f01819005e7882": " 2010", + "570603c475f01819005e7883": " high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7884": " 10.0%", - "570603c475f01819005e7885": " Bay Area", - "570603c475f01819005e7886": " southern California", + "570603c475f01819005e7885": " tech", + "570603c475f01819005e7886": " northern", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": " Metropolitan Statistical Areas", - "5706074552bb8914006897d5": " one", - "5706074552bb8914006897d6": " Riverside-San Bernardino", - "5706074552bb8914006897d7": " San Diego-Carlsbad", - "5706074552bb8914006897d8": " San Diego\u2013Tijuana at 5,105,768. Of these metropolitan areas, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana", - "570607f575f01819005e78b4": " San Diego", - "570607f575f01819005e78b5": " San Diego", - "570607f575f01819005e78b6": " San Diego", - "570607f575f01819005e78b7": " San Diego", - "570607f575f01819005e78b8": " San Bernardino", - "5706094b52bb8914006897de": " diverse", + "5706074552bb8914006897d5": " two", + "5706074552bb8914006897d6": " five million", + "5706074552bb8914006897d7": " the Southern Border Region", + "5706074552bb8914006897d8": " 17,786,419", + "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego", + "570607f575f01819005e78b5": " 1.3 million", + "570607f575f01819005e78b6": " twelve", + "570607f575f01819005e78b7": " 100,000", + "570607f575f01819005e78b8": " Riverside", + "5706094b52bb8914006897de": " petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": " Hollywood", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": " housing bubble", - "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": " petroleum, as opposed to other regions where automobiles not nearly as dominant, the vast majority of transport runs on this fuel. Southern California is famous for tourism", - "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": " the housing crash", - "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": " petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries. In one of the richest agricultural regions", - "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": " cattle", - "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": " cattle", - "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": " cattle", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": " diverse", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": " a leader in the housing bubble 2001\u20132007", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": " 1920s", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": " cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": " cattle and citrus", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": " cattle and citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": " aerospace", - "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": " Central", - "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": " Downtown Los Angeles", - "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": " Central business districts (CBD) include Downtown Los Angeles", - "57060cc352bb89140068980e": " Downtown Santa Monica", - "57060cc352bb89140068980f": " Burbank", - "57060cc352bb891400689810": " Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica", - "57060cc352bb891400689811": " Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica", - "57060df252bb891400689820": " Downtown", - "57060df252bb891400689821": " Downtown", - "57060df252bb891400689822": " Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", - "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": " Downtown Santa Ana", - "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": " University of California, Irvine. West Irvine includes the Irvine Tech Center", - "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Orange County is a rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": " major business districts", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": " Central business districts", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": " Downtown Los Angeles", + "57060cc352bb89140068980e": " Los Angeles Area", + "57060cc352bb89140068980f": " Los Angeles Area", + "57060cc352bb891400689810": " San Fernando Valley", + "57060cc352bb891400689811": " Los Angeles itself has many business districts including the Downtown Los Angeles", + "57060df252bb891400689820": " business districts", + "57060df252bb891400689821": " Downtown Riverside", + "57060df252bb891400689822": " Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange County", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": " University of California, Irvine", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": " The Irvine Spectrum, West Irvine, and international corporations headquartered at the University of California, Irvine. West Irvine includes the Irvine Tech Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": " South Coast Metro", - "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": " Downtown Santa Ana", - "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": " San Diego, though the city is filled with business districts. These include Carmel Valley", - "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": " San Diego, though the city is filled with business districts. These include Carmel", - "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": " Carmel Valley", - "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": " Carmel", - "570610b275f01819005e792a": " San Diego International Airport", - "570610b275f01819005e792b": " San Diego", - "570610b275f01819005e792c": " San Diego", - "570610b275f01819005e792d": " Los Angeles", - "570610b275f01819005e792e": " San Diego International Airport", - "5706111a52bb89140068984c": " Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles", - "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Six", - "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six", - "5706111a52bb89140068984f": " Metrolink", - "570611c475f01819005e793c": " Long Beach", - "570611c475f01819005e793d": " San Diego", - "570611c475f01819005e793e": " Angeles", - "5706139252bb891400689864": " Tech Coast is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base", - "5706139252bb891400689865": " 5 University of California campuses (Irvine", - "5706139252bb891400689866": " Chapman", - "5706139252bb891400689867": " 5 University of California campuses (Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego); 12", - "5706139252bb891400689868": " 5 University of California campuses (Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego); 12", - "5706143575f01819005e7950": " San Diego Chargers); NBA", - "5706143575f01819005e7951": " San Diego Chargers", - "5706143575f01819005e7952": " Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams", - "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Rams", - "5706143575f01819005e7954": " San Diego Chargers); NBA", - "5706149552bb891400689880": " LA Galaxy and Chivas USA \u2014 that both played at the StubHub Center", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": " rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": " Northern San Diego", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": " North County", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": " Northern San Diego", + "570610b275f01819005e792a": " Los Angeles International Airport", + "570610b275f01819005e792b": " international passenger volume", + "570610b275f01819005e792c": " second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third", + "570610b275f01819005e792d": " San Diego International Airport", + "570610b275f01819005e792e": " Los Angeles International Airport", + "5706111a52bb89140068984c": " Metrolink", + "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Six of the seven", + "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six of the seven", + "5706111a52bb89140068984f": " Orange", + "570611c475f01819005e793c": " Port of Los Angeles", + "570611c475f01819005e793d": " Port of Los Angeles", + "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern California", + "5706139252bb891400689864": " Tech Coast", + "5706139252bb891400689865": " prestigious and world-renowned research", + "5706139252bb891400689866": " private", + "5706139252bb891400689867": " 5", + "5706139252bb891400689868": " 5", + "5706143575f01819005e7950": "Professional sports teams", + "5706143575f01819005e7951": " NFL", + "5706143575f01819005e7952": " NFL", + "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings", + "5706143575f01819005e7954": "LA Galaxy).", + "5706149552bb891400689880": " LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689881": " two", - "5706149552bb891400689882": " LA Galaxy and Chivas USA \u2014 that both played at the StubHub Center", - "5706149552bb891400689883": " LA Galaxy and Chivas USA \u2014 that both played at the StubHub Center", + "5706149552bb891400689882": " 2014", + "5706149552bb891400689883": " StubHub Center", "5706149552bb891400689884": " 2018", - "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports are also popular in southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", + "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": " UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", - "570614ff52bb89140068988c": " Trojans", - "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "College sports are also popular in southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", - "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "College sports are also popular in southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", - "5706155352bb891400689894": " high school level", - "5706155352bb891400689895": " high school level", - "5706155352bb891400689896": " rugby as an official school sport", - "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": " British Sky Broadcasting Group", - "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": " Sky Italia and a majority 90.04% interest in Sky Deutschland in November 2014, its holding company British Sky Broadcasting Group", - "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": " November 1990", + "570614ff52bb89140068988c": " UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", + "570614ff52bb89140068988d": " NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference", + "570614ff52bb89140068988e": " UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference", + "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", + "5706155352bb891400689895": " high school", + "5706155352bb891400689896": " official school sport", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": " BSkyB", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": " BSkyB", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": " 2014", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": " British Sky Broadcasting Group", - "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": " British Sky Broadcasting Limited", - "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": " two", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": " Sky UK Limited", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": " 2006", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": " two", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": " Setanta Sports", - "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": " \u00a31.3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid \u00a34.2bn", - "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": " a part of the ONdigital consortium", - "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": " ITV Digital", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": " \u00a34.2bn", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": " ONdigital consortium", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": " ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": " three", - "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": " Sky News", - "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Pick TV'", - "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": " monthly", - "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": " 31 March 2008", - "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": " monthly fee", - "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": " 1 July 2007", - "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": " 1 July 2007, and now customers that have Sky+ and subscribe to any BSkyB subscription package get Sky+ included at no extra charge", - "57094d489928a8140047150a": " VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system", - "57094d489928a8140047150b": " NDS, a Cisco", - "57094d489928a8140047150c": " Cisco", - "57094d489928a8140047150d": " The receivers, though designed and built by different manufacturers, must conform to the same user interface look-and-feel", - "57094d489928a8140047150e": "P", - "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": " 1 March 2007", - "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": " The failure to renew the existing carriage agreements negotiated with NTL and Telewest resulted in Virgin Media removing the basic channels from the network on 1 March 2007", - "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": " BSkyB had substantially increased the asking price", - "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": " HD channels and Video On Demand", - "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "substantially more value\" by including HD channels", - "570960cf200fba1400367f01": " Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", - "570960cf200fba1400367f02": " Microsoft", - "570960cf200fba1400367f03": " OneDrive\" and \"SkyDrive Pro\" becomes \"OneDrive for Business", - "570960cf200fba1400367f04": " OneDrive\" and \"SkyDrive Pro\" becomes \"OneDrive for Business", - "570960cf200fba1400367f05": " OneDrive\" and \"SkyDrive Pro\" becomes \"OneDrive for Business", - "570961aa200fba1400367f15": " Michael Grade", - "570961aa200fba1400367f16": " Michael Grade", - "570961aa200fba1400367f17": " Michael Grade", - "570961aa200fba1400367f18": " Michael Grade", - "570961aa200fba1400367f19": " Michael Grade", - "570963a5200fba1400367f33": " British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB) is a British telecommunications company", - "570963a5200fba1400367f34": " British", - "570963a5200fba1400367f35": " British Sky Broadcasting", - "570963a5200fba1400367f36": " British Sky Broadcasting", - "57096505ed30961900e84082": " three set top boxes (Sky Q, Sky Q Silver and Sky Q Mini", - "57096505ed30961900e84083": " the Sky Q Silver", - "57096505ed30961900e84084": " three set top boxes (Sky Q, Sky Q Silver and Sky Q Mini", - "57096505ed30961900e84085": " Sky", - "57096505ed30961900e84086": " three", - "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": " MPEG", - "570966e0200fba1400367f50": " Dolby Digital soundtracks", - "570966e0200fba1400367f51": " MPEG", - "570966e0200fba1400367f52": " MPEG", - "570966e0200fba1400367f53": " MPEG", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": " Sky Three", + "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Pick TV", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": " Sky+ PVR", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": " September 2007", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": " no extra charge", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": " January 2010", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": " Sky+HD Box", + "57094d489928a8140047150a": " VideoGuard pay-TV", + "57094d489928a8140047150b": " NDS", + "57094d489928a8140047150c": "BSky", + "57094d489928a8140047150d": " BSkyB", + "57094d489928a8140047150e": " Sky+", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": " basic channels", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": " 2007", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": " substantially increased the asking price", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": " Video On Demand", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": " HD channels", + "570960cf200fba1400367f01": " July 2013", + "570960cf200fba1400367f02": " 2013", + "570960cf200fba1400367f03": " OneDrive", + "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "OneDrive for Business", + "570960cf200fba1400367f05": " OneDrive", + "570961aa200fba1400367f15": " Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", + "570961aa200fba1400367f16": " Astra", + "570961aa200fba1400367f17": " 27 September 2001", + "570961aa200fba1400367f18": " Sky Digital platform", + "570961aa200fba1400367f19": " 3.5 million", + "570963a5200fba1400367f33": " British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB", + "570963a5200fba1400367f34": " British telecommunications", + "570963a5200fba1400367f35": " 11 million", + "570963a5200fba1400367f36": " Freeview", + "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub", + "57096505ed30961900e84083": " Sky Q Silver set top boxes", + "57096505ed30961900e84084": " share recordings and other media", + "57096505ed30961900e84085": " 2016", + "57096505ed30961900e84086": " 2016", + "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": " DVB-compliant MPEG-2", + "570966e0200fba1400367f50": " Dolby Digital", + "570966e0200fba1400367f51": " MPEG-4", + "570966e0200fba1400367f52": " OpenTV", + "570966e0200fba1400367f53": " DVB-S2", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": " 1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": " Astra 2A", - "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": " Sky, with the potential to carry hundreds of television and radio channels", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": " Astra 2A", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": " hundreds", - "570967c4ed30961900e840be": " channels that broadcast to the United Kingdom.", + "570967c4ed30961900e840be": " Astra 2", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": " 22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": " 40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": " Thomson", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": " 17,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": " 4,222,000", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": " 8 February 2007", - "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": " March as a subscription service on the digital terrestrial platform", - "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": " Setanta Sports confirmed that it would launch in March as a subscription service on the digital terrestrial platform", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": " March", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": " digital terrestrial platform", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": " Virgin Media", - "57096b66200fba1400367fab": " English", - "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": " monthly subscription", - "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": " monthly subscription", - "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": " VideoGuard UK", - "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": " LNB (9.75/10.600 GHz", + "57096b66200fba1400367fab": " sport (including English Premier League Football), films, entertainment and news", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": " free-to-view", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": " a monthly subscription", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": " VideoGuard", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": " Ku band LNB", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": " Sky service", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": " autumn of 1991", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": " ITV", - "57096e1ced30961900e84104": " \u00a318m", - "57096e1ced30961900e84105": " \u00a3304m", + "57096e1ced30961900e84104": " \u00a334m", + "57096e1ced30961900e84105": " BSkyB joined forces with the BBC to make a counter bid. The BBC", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": " \u00a3304m", - "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": " \u00a315\u2013100,000", - "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": " \u00a315\u2013100", - "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": " \u00a315\u2013100,000", - "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": " picture quality", - "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": " the channel's content or carriage issues", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": " Ofcom", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": " \u00a315\u2013100,000", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": " no veto", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": " not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": " not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues", "57097051ed30961900e84132": " 1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": " Sky Digital", - "57097051ed30961900e84134": " Sky's analogue", - "57097051ed30961900e84135": " ONdigital (later ITV Digital", - "57097051ed30961900e84136": " 100,000", + "57097051ed30961900e84134": " Open.... now called Sky Active", + "57097051ed30961900e84135": " ONdigital (later ITV Digital) terrestrial offering and cable services", + "57097051ed30961900e84136": " over 100,000", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": " 2007", - "57097141200fba1400367ffa": " high-definition television (HDTV) capable set top box, although from 30 November 2006 until 30 July 2009 it only carried one linear HD channel", + "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Telewest", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": " Video On Demand service", - "57097141200fba1400367ffc": " BBC", + "57097141200fba1400367ffc": " BBC HD", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": " Channel 4", "57097b50200fba140036804d": " 10 million", - "57097b50200fba140036804e": " 36%", + "57097b50200fba140036804e": " more than 25m", "57097b50200fba140036804f": " August 2004", "57097b50200fba1400368050": " 36%", - "57097b50200fba1400368051": " Media commentators had debated whether the figure could be reached as the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe", + "57097b50200fba1400368051": " flattened", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": " a \"Welfare Cash Card", - "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": " alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke", - "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": " alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": " damaging\u2019", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "Sky TV bills", - "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": " alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke was proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits on a \"Welfare Cash Card", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": " betray a man's presence in the household", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": " \u00a330m", - "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": " \u00a330m", - "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": " \u00a330m", - "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": " \u00a330m", - "57097d63ed30961900e84200": " \u00a330m", - "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": " eight public universities", - "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "GSP", - "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": " eight", - "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": " eight", - "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": " the host of the 1956 Summer Olympics", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": " no indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": " Virgin Media", + "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": " BSkyB", + "57097d63ed30961900e84200": " the carriage of their respective basic channels", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": " highly diversified", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": " second", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": " fourth", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": " Melbourne", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": " Melbourne Cricket Ground", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": " Bendigo", - "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": " Buckland Valley", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": " New South Wales", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": " Buckland Valley", - "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": " 1,000", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": " over 1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": " cramped and unsanitary", - "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": " 44", + "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": " multi-member proportional representation", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": " eight", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": " five", - "570d26efb3d812140066d492": " Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44 to 40 and their term of office", - "570d26efb3d812140066d493": " 44", - "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": " Ballarat", - "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": " Ballarat", - "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": " Ballarat", - "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": " Ballarat", - "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": " Ballarat", + "570d26efb3d812140066d492": " the same as the lower house members", + "570d26efb3d812140066d493": " every four years", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": " Liberal Party of Australia", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": " Liberal Party of Australia", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": " Liberal Party of Australia", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": " The Greens", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": " Liberals", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": " 61.1%", - "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": " 61.1%", - "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": " 61.1%", - "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": " 61.1%", - "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": " 61.1%", - "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "east", - "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": " Port Phillip Bay", - "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "east", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": " 26.7%", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": " Buddhism", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": " 168,637", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": " 168,637", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": " south-east", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": " second-most populous state overall", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": " second-most populous state overall", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": " Melbourne", - "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": " Victoria", - "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": " Sullivan Bay", - "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": " Sullivan Bay", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": " second-largest", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": " Koori", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": " 1788", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": " Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": " Sullivan Bay", - "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": " Sullivan Bay", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": " 1803", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": " 26,000 square kilometres", - "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": " 33%", - "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": " 26,000 square kilometres", - "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": " 26,000 square kilometres", - "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": " 26,000", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": " 50%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": " 50%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": " 90%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": " 3 million tonnes of wheat and 2 million", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": " 1975", - "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", - "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": " three-fifths majority", - "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": " three-fifths majority", - "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": " the state's law-making body", - "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": " 15 \u00b0C", - "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": " 32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F) during summer and 15 \u00b0C", - "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": " 2\u20137 \u00b0C", - "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": " 2\u20137 \u00b0C", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": " 1855 colonial constitution", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": " Parliament of Victoria", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "entrenched\" provisions", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": " warmest", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": " 32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": " 15 \u00b0C", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": " 48.8 \u00b0C (119.8 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": " 7 February 2009", - "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": " state or government schools", - "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": " state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", - "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education . Students do not pay tuition fees", - "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": " state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", - "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": " standards", - "570d3468b3d812140066d543": " Ford, Toyota", - "570d3468b3d812140066d544": " October 2016", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": " privately funded. Public schools, also known as state or government schools", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": " Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": " fees", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": " Roman Catholic Church", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": " government-set curriculum", + "570d3468b3d812140066d543": " car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden", + "570d3468b3d812140066d544": " February 2014 outlining a closure year of 2017", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": " May 2013", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": " October 2016", - "570d3468b3d812140066d547": " Ford", - "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "6,600 ft), with Mount Bogong the highest", - "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": " 1,986 m", + "570d3468b3d812140066d547": " Ford, Toyota and Holden", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": " 2,000 m (6,600 ft),", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": " Mount Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": " 1,986 m", - "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": " Murray River system", - "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": " Murray River system", - "570d391fb3d812140066d575": " The state's lowest minimum temperature of \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", - "570d391fb3d812140066d576": " northeast are the coldest part of Victoria. The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system", - "570d391fb3d812140066d577": " centre of Victoria. Average temperatures are less than 9 \u00b0C", - "570d391fb3d812140066d578": " 0 \u00b0C (32 \u00b0F) in the highest parts of the ranges. The state's lowest minimum temperature of \u221211.7 \u00b0C", - "570d391fb3d812140066d579": " 9 \u00b0C", - "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": " Metro", - "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": " Metro Trains", - "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": " Metro Trains", - "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": " Metro Trains", - "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": " Metro Trains Melbourne which runs an extensive, electrified, passenger system", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": " semi-arid", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": " pink heath (state flower), Leadbeater's possum (state animal) and the helmeted honeyeater", + "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps", + "570d391fb3d812140066d576": " Great Dividing Range", + "570d391fb3d812140066d577": " east-west", + "570d391fb3d812140066d578": " 0 \u00b0C", + "570d391fb3d812140066d579": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": " Victorian Government", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": " Pacific National, CFCL Australia which operate freight services; Great Southern Rail", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": " Victorian Government", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": " CFCL Australia", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": " electrified, passenger system", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": " 37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": " 37", - "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": " the Legislative Assembly", - "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": " the Legislative Assembly (the lower house", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": " Legislative Assembly", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": " Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": " Linda Dessau", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": " 1 July 1851", - "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": " Ballarat, and subsequently at Bendigo", - "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": " Ballarat", - "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": " sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": " 1 July 1851", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": " one of the largest gold rushes the world has ever seen", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": " sevenfold", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": " 20 million ounces", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": " 1,548", - "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": " 1,548", - "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": " 1,548", - "570d44abb3d812140066d600": " 1,548", - "570d44abb3d812140066d601": " 1,548 public schools, 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540", - "570d4606b3d812140066d619": " 60%", - "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": " 60%", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": " 489", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": " 1,548 public schools, 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800", + "570d44abb3d812140066d600": " 63,519", + "570d44abb3d812140066d601": " 311,800", + "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": " 60% of Australia's 3 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": " 60%", - "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": " 6.4 billion litres", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": " two-thirds", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": " Asia", - "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": " 1,600 mm", - "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": " 1,600 mm", - "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": " 760 mm", - "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": " 1,600 mm", - "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": " 1,600", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": " 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": " 1,435 mm", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": " 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": " mountainous areas", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": " five", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": " 1788", - "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": " New South Wales and a western half", - "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": " New South Wales and a western half", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": " New South Wales", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": " New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": " Sydney", - "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "the \"Eureka Stockade\").", - "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": " against the government of Victoria", - "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": " armed rebellion against the government of Victoria by miners protesting against mining taxes", - "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": " reducing the hated mining licence fees", - "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": " the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", - "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": " Daniel Andrews", - "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": " Daniel Andrews", - "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": " Daniel Andrews", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": " 1854", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": " British troops", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": " mining licence fees", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": " Colony of Victoria Act 1855", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": " leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": " The Premier is the public face of government and, with cabinet", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": " representatives elected to either house of parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": " Daniel Andrews", - "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": " Daniel Andrews", - "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": " $8.7 billion", - "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": " $8.7 billion", - "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": " $8.7 billion", - "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": " $8.7 billion", - "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": " $8.7 billion", - "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": " centred on Melbourne", - "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": " centred on Melbourne", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": " to either house of parliament", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": " 17% to $8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": " 17% to $8.7 billion. This represented 24%", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": " 32,463", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": " 136,000 square kilometres", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": " 60%", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": " tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": " sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": " Melbourne", - "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": " cultural tourism and sports tourism", - "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": " centred on Melbourne, but others occur in regional cities, such as the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": " regional cities, such as the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": " SurfClassic and the Bright Autumn Festival", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": " southern and central parts", - "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": " 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": " one-eighth", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": " 1562 to 1598", - "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": " the Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598", - "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": " A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the Wars of Religion", - "57106185b654c5140001f8db": " France", - "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": " John Calvin", - "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": " John Calvin", - "57106185b654c5140001f8de": " The move would have had the side effect of fostering relations with the Swiss. Thus, Hugues plus Eidgenosse", - "57106185b654c5140001f8df": " France", - "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": " 1294", - "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": " 1294", - "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": " Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin", - "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": " Jean de R\u00e9ly, was printed in Paris in 1487", - "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": " Jean de R\u00e9ly, was printed in Paris", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": " Edict of Nantes", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": " granting of the Edict of Nantes, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy", + "57106185b654c5140001f8db": " aristocratic members of the Reformed Church", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": " Geneva", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": " Besan\u00e7on", + "57106185b654c5140001f8de": " Amboise", + "57106185b654c5140001f8df": " 1560", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": " availability of the Bible", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": " 1487", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": " Guyard de Moulin", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": " 1487", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": " Paris", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "Montpellier", - "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 \"villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9\" that the Edict of 1598", - "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9\" that the Edict of 1598", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": " Edict of Al\u00e8s", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": " 1622", - "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 \"villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9\" that the Edict of 1598", - "571077ecb654c5140001f909": " Fran\u00e7ois Villion", - "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": " Fran\u00e7ois Villion", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1629", + "571077ecb654c5140001f909": " Cape of Good Hope", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": " Cape Town", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": " Fran\u00e7ois Villion", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": " Fran\u00e7ois Villion", - "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": " Fran\u00e7ois Villion", - "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": " Jess\u00e9 de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": " 1700", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": " 1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": " Jess\u00e9 de Forest", - "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": " land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbor at the end of Newtown Creek", - "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": " Jess\u00e9 de Forest", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": " L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": " L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": " Brooklyn", - "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": " Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685", - "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": " Edmund Bellinger", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": " present-day Charleston", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": " British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": " Pons in France", - "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": " Edmund Bellinger", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": " 1697", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": " Charleston", - "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": " William III of Orange", - "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": " Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672", - "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": " Augsburg", - "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": " William III of Orange", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "Stadtholder William III", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": " King of England", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": " League of Augsburg", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": " French", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": " 1672", - "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": " Protestantism", - "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": " Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685", - "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": " the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685", - "57107d73b654c5140001f920": " three-quarters", - "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": " nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern France. Retaliating against the French Catholics", - "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": " St. Bartholomew's Day", - "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": " 5,000", - "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": " nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern France. Retaliating against the French Catholics", - "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": " St. Bartholomew's Day", - "57108073b654c5140001f927": " Henry IV", - "57108073b654c5140001f926": " Henry IV", - "57108073b654c5140001f928": " Henry IV", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": " Edict of Fontainebleau", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": " Edict of Fontainebleau", + "57107d73b654c5140001f920": " 500,000", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": " Catholic Church", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": " St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": " 5,000 to 30,000", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": " their own militia", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": " political reasons for this as well, as some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centers of power", + "57108073b654c5140001f927": " 1621 and 1629", + "57108073b654c5140001f926": " southwestern France", + "57108073b654c5140001f928": " Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f929": " Louis XIII", - "57108073b654c5140001f925": " Henry IV", + "57108073b654c5140001f925": " Huguenot rebellions", "57108198b654c5140001f937": " one million", - "57108198b654c5140001f938": " one million", - "57108198b654c5140001f939": " Alsace in northeast France and the C\u00e9vennes mountain region", - "57108198b654c5140001f93a": " Huguenots", - "57108198b654c5140001f93b": " one million", - "57108c95b654c5140001f979": " 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle", - "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": " 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle", + "57108198b654c5140001f938": " 2%", + "57108198b654c5140001f939": " Alsace in northeast France and the C\u00e9vennes", + "57108198b654c5140001f93a": " Alsace in northeast France and the C\u00e9vennes mountain region", + "57108198b654c5140001f93b": " France", + "57108c95b654c5140001f979": " New Rochelle", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": " New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "Huguenot Street Historic District", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "Huguenot Street Historic District", - "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "Huguenot Street Historic District", - "57108d69b654c5140001f983": " 75,000 to 100,000", - "57108d69b654c5140001f984": " 75", - "57108d69b654c5140001f985": " Huguenot.[citation needed] In 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", - "57108d69b654c5140001f986": " 200 clergy. Many came from the region of the C\u00e9vennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Loz\u00e8re", - "57108d69b654c5140001f987": " 200 clergy. Many came from the region of the C\u00e9vennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Loz\u00e8re", - "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": " haunted by the ghost of le roi", - "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": " The Cape Monthly", - "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": " The Cape Monthly", - "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": " The Cape Monthly", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": " New Paltz", + "57108d69b654c5140001f983": " Dutch Republic", + "57108d69b654c5140001f984": " 75,000 to 100,000", + "57108d69b654c5140001f985": " 2 million", + "57108d69b654c5140001f986": " West Frisia", + "57108d69b654c5140001f987": " Edict of Nantes", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": " Tours", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": " King Hugo, was haunted by the ghost of le roi", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": " the ghost of le roi Huguet", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": " pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": " night", - "571090abb654c5140001f995": " Kent", + "571090abb654c5140001f995": " Canterbury", "571090abb654c5140001f996": " Turnagain Lane", - "571090abb654c5140001f997": " the variety of occupations necessary to sustain the community as distinct from the indigenous population", - "571090abb654c5140001f998": " Kent", - "571090abb654c5140001f999": " Turnagain Lane", - "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": " Portarlington", - "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": " Dublin", - "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": " D'Olier Street in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff", - "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": " High Sheriff", + "571090abb654c5140001f997": " variety of occupations necessary to sustain the community", + "571090abb654c5140001f998": " Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", + "571090abb654c5140001f999": " The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river, was the site of a weaving school", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": " Cork City", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": " Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": " Dublin", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": " High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": " 1696", - "57109275b654c5140001f99f": " Huguenots from France created a brain drain", - "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": " 1759", + "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": " British colonies", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": " non-Catholics", - "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "the North American front of the Seven Years' War", - "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": " 1759", - "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": " 1598, when Henry of Navarre", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": " North American front of the Seven Years' War", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": " 1759-60", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": " Henry", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": " 1598", - "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": " Henry of Navarre", - "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": " Henry of Navarre", - "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": " Roman Catholicism", - "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": " Catholics", - "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": " Catholics", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": " reaffirmed Catholicism as the state religion", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": " the founding of new Protestant churches", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": " Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": " education", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": " forbade Protestant services", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": " Four thousand", - "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": " Catholics", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": " Catholics and were called \"new converts", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": " New York and Virginia", - "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": " Switzerland", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": " Switzerland and the Netherlands", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": " 1555", - "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": " South America", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": " Antarctique", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": " 1560", - "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": " express their beliefs to the Portuguese. This was their death sentence. This document, the Guanabara Confession of Faith", - "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": " Huguenot ancestry", - "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": " vineyards in France, or were brandy distillers", - "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": " The wine industry", - "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": " Huguenot ancestry", - "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": " Henry Laurens", - "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": " Henry Laurens", - "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": " North America worships in Charleston", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": " the Guanabara Confession of Faith", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": " Afrikaans", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": " wine industry", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": " Western Cape province", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": " Huguenot", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": " Jack Jouett", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": " Charleston", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": " Manakin Episcopal Church", - "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": " Henry Laurens", - "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": " Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry", - "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point'", - "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": " immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five", - "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": " eighteenth century", - "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": " Dorotheenstadt", - "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": " Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt. By 1700, one-fifth", - "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": " Dorotheenstadt", - "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": " Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt", - "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": " Berlin, the Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt", - "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": " England", - "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": " 200,000", - "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": " 200,000", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": " Texas", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": " lace", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": " twenty-five widows", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": " first half of the eighteenth century", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": " Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": " one-fifth", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": " protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806-07", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": " 1806-07", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": " Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": " England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": " C\u00e9vennes", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": " Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": " Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": " 1702 and 1709", - "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": " Jean Ribault", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": " Jacksonville", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": " Jean Ribault", - "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": " Jean Ribault", - "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": " Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", - "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": " 1564", - "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": " Charlesfort on Parris Island", - "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": " St. Augustine near Fort Caroline", - "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": " Jean Ribault", - "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": " Charlesfort on Parris Island", - "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": " Jean Ribault", - "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": " Lower Norfolk County", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": " Fort Caroline", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": " French", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": " September 1565", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": " Charlesfort", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": " Fort Caroline", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": " Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": " 1562", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": " Wars of Religion", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": " Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": " Lower Norfolk County", - "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": " Manakin Town", - "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": " Huguenot Memorial Bridge", - "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": " 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town", - "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": " Cape of Good Hope", - "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": " Cape of Good Hope", - "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": " Cape of Good Hope", - "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": " House of Orange", - "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": " Cape of Good Hope", - "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": " Andrew Lortie", - "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": " Andrew Lortie", - "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": " 50", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": " Monacan village known as Manakin Town", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": " 390", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": " 12 May 1705", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": " Spain", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "Apologie\"", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": " William the Silent", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": " French", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": " Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": " 1708", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": " 50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": " Andrew Lortie", - "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": " Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation", - "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": " William of Orange", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": " transubstantiation", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": " Williamite war", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": " William of Orange", - "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": " William of Orange", - "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": " William of Orange", - "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": " William of Orange", - "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": " Daniel and Osias", - "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": " Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", - "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": " Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": " Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": " flax cultivation", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": " flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": " Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": " glass-making works", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": " 1890s", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": " 1890s", - "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": " Protestant European nations such as England", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": " England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": " Protestant", - "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": " Protestant", - "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": " Protestant", - "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": " Protestant European", - "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": " French language. The \"Hugues hypothesis", - "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": " French language. The \"Hugues hypothesis", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": " Quebec", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": " Dutch Cape Colony", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": " They also spread beyond Europe", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": " Hugues Capet", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues hypothesis", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": " Janet Gray", - "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": " French language. The \"Hugues hypothesis", - "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": " French language. The \"Hugues hypothesis", - "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": " Huguenots", - "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": " Huguenots", - "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": " The French Confession of 1559", - "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": " Jean Cauvin", - "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": " Huguenots", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": " little Hugos", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "Hugues hypothesis", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": " Jacques Lefevre", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": " University of Paris", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": " 1530", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": " Jacques Lefevre", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": " Jacques Lefevre", "57111428b654c5140001faff": " 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", - "57111428b654c5140001fb00": " St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre", - "57111428b654c5140001fb01": " St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", + "57111428b654c5140001fb00": " Catholics", + "57111428b654c5140001fb01": " 2,000 and 3,000", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": " 1573", - "57111429b654c5140001fb03": " 25,000", + "57111429b654c5140001fb03": " almost 25,000", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", - "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": " 1643", - "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": " 1643", - "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": " 1643", - "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": " military troops", - "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Huguenot Burial Ground", - "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": " the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called \"Bauffet's Point\"", - "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": " John Pell, Lord of Pelham", - "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": " La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": " increasingly aggressively", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": " sent missionaries", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": " imposed penalties", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": " dragonnades", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": " Westchester", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": " Davenports Neck", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": " John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": " La Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": " Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church", - "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": " French communities", - "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": " French communities", - "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": " North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations", - "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": " North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", - "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": " French communities", - "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": " Pierre", - "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": " Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam", - "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": " Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary", - "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": " Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary", - "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": " Pierre Bayle", - "57111992b654c5140001fb43": " 1550. It is now located at Soho Square", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": " married outside their immediate French communities", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": " married outside their immediate French communities", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": " E.I. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": " well into the nineteenth century", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": " Eleutherian gunpowder mills", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": " Pierre Bayle", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": " Rotterdam", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": " Historical and Critical Dictionary", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": " US Library of Congress", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": " Saint Nicolas", + "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": " 1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": " Soho Square", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": " Shoreditch", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": " 1724", - "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": " Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of George William, Duke of Brunswick", - "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": " Hamburg", - "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": " George William, Duke of Brunswick", - "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": " Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of George William, Duke of Brunswick", - "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": " Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of George William, Duke of Brunswick", - "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": " Theodor Fontane", - "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": " Theodor Fontane", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": " Lutheran and Reformed", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": " Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Prussia, where they were granted special privileges (Edict of Potsdam", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": " Duke of Prussia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": " The Huguenots furnished two new regiments", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": " Theodor Font", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": " Adolf Galland", - "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": " Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re, is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the German Federal Minister of the Interior", - "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": " Huguenot family, as is the German Federal Minister of the Interior", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": " Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": " a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the German Federal Minister of the Interior", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": " solar power", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": " Rankine cycle", - "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": " water is heated and transforms into steam", - "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": " water is heated and transforms into steam", - "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": " external", - "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": " Thomas Newcomen", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": " steam", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": " high pressure", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": " external combustion engines", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": " atmospheric engine", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": " Thomas Newcomen", - "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": " Thomas Newcomen around 1712", - "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": " Thomas Newcomen", - "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": " Thomas Newcomen", - "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": " Richard Trevithick", - "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": " Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom and, on 21 February 1804", - "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": " the tramway from the Pen-y-darren ironworks", - "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": " Newcastle area", - "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": " Newcastle area", - "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": " top up the boiler water, so that they may be run continuously. Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": " 1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": " steam pump", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": " Papin", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": " United Kingdom", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": " 21 February 1804", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": " Abercynon in south Wales", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": " south Wales", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": " south", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": " water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": " multi-stage centrifugal pumps", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": " 1850s", - "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": " 1850s", - "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": " 1850s", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": " steam locomotives", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": " lower-pressure boiler feed water", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": " three or four", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": " triple and quadruple expansion engines", - "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": " marine triple expansion engines", - "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": " three", - "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": " Olympic class", - "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": " trip mechanisms or cams", - "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": " Corliss, and later, poppet valve gears had separate admission and exhaust valves driven by trip mechanisms or cams", - "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": " rubbing surfaces", - "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": " too small", - "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": " too small", - "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": " too small", - "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": " The plugs are also too small", - "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": " little effect on dampening the fire. The plugs are also too small", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": " late 19th century", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": " marine triple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": " 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine popular with large passenger liners (such as the Olympic class", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": " trip mechanisms", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": " Joy", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": " lengthening rubbing surfaces", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": " the lead melts and the steam escapes", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": " the steam escapes", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": " manually suppress the fire", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": " dampening the fire", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": " James Watt", - "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": " James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion", - "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": " 1781", - "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": " 1781", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": " rotary", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": " ten", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": " 1883", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": " Industrial Revolution", - "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": " Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria", - "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": " Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria", - "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": " Denis Papin", - "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": " 1551 and by Giovanni Branca", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": " AD", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": " Hero of Alexandria", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": " Greek", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": " Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": " 1606", - "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "Near the end of the 19th century compound engines came into widespread use. Compound engines exhausted steam", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": " compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": " expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": " shipping", - "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "Near the end of the 19th century compound engines came into widespread use. Compound engines exhausted steam in to successively larger cylinders", - "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": " double and triple expansion engines", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": " internal combustion engines", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": " Compound engines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": " steam turbines", - "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": " 90%", - "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": " Steam turbines are generally more efficient than reciprocating piston type steam engines (for outputs above several hundred horsepower", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": " late part of the 19th century", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": " several hundred horsepower", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": " 90%", - "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": " 90%", - "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": " nuclear reactor", - "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": " nuclear reactor", - "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": " nuclear reactor, geothermal energy, solar energy or waste heat from an internal combustion engine or industrial process", - "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": " electric heating element", - "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": " Charles Porter", - "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": " Charles Porter", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": " electric", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": " burning combustible materials", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": " combustion chamber", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": " solar energy", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": " electric", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": " steam engine indicator", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": " 1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": " Charles Porter", - "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": " Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", - "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": " Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", - "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": " 90", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": " Charles Richard", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": " London Exhibition", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": " 90\u00b0 out of phase", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": " 180", - "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": " 90", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": " 90\u00b0", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", - "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": " four", - "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": " four", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": " two", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": " one rotation of the crank and two piston strokes; the cycle also comprises four", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": " four", - "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": " admission, expansion", - "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": " The Quasiturbine is a uniflow rotary steam engine where steam intakes in hot areas, while exhausting in cold areas", - "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": " thermal expansion gradient uniflow engines produce along the cylinder wall", - "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": " during each stroke", - "57114b1a2419e31400955575": " valves", - "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "ion", - "57114b1a2419e31400955577": " full size working engines", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": " expansion", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": " Quasiturbine", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": " counterflow cycle", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": " port", + "57114b1a2419e31400955575": " oscillating cylinder steam", + "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", + "57114b1a2419e31400955577": " models", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": " ships", - "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": " Mercury", - "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": " Mercury", - "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": " Low boiling hydrocarbons", - "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": " Mercury is the working fluid in the mercury vapor", - "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": " 63%", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": " recycled continuously", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "open loop", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": " Rankine cycle", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": " water", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": " working fluid", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": " 565 \u00b0C", - "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": " stainless steel) and condenser temperatures are around 30 \u00b0C. This gives a theoretical Carnot efficiency of about 63%", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": " stainless steel", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": " 63%", - "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": " 565 \u00b0C", - "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam", - "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": " Stanley Steamer", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": " 30 \u00b0C", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": " railway locomotives, ships, steamboats", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": " Stanley Steamer", - "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": " the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution and saw widespread commercial use driving machinery in factories, mills and mines; powering pumping stations", - "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": " the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution", - "571153422419e3140095557d": " Matthew Murray", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": " factories", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": " increase in the land available for cultivation", + "571153422419e3140095557d": " Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca", "571153422419e3140095557e": " Matthew Murray", - "571153422419e3140095557f": " Matthew Murray", - "571153422419e31400955580": " Matthew Murray", - "571153422419e31400955581": " George Stephenson built the Locomotion for the Stockton and Darlington", + "571153422419e3140095557f": " trio of locomotives, concluding with the Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder", + "571153422419e31400955580": " Middleton Railway", + "571153422419e31400955581": " Stockton and Darlington Railway", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": " Arthur Woolf", - "5711541350c2381900b54a70": " British engineer Arthur Woolf, who patented his Woolf high-pressure compound engine", + "5711541350c2381900b54a70": " British", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": " torque variability", - "5711541350c2381900b54a72": " larger cylinder volume", + "5711541350c2381900b54a72": " cylinder volume", "571154c72419e31400955587": " 90%", - "571154c72419e31400955588": " requiring far less maintenance) than reciprocating steam engines", - "571154c72419e31400955589": " electricity generation", - "571154c72419e3140095558a": "The main use for steam turbines", - "571154c72419e3140095558b": " electricity generation", - "571155ae2419e31400955591": " William John Macquorn", - "571155ae2419e31400955592": " William John Macquorn", - "571155ae2419e31400955593": " William John Macquorn", - "571155ae2419e31400955594": " William John Macquorn", - "571155ae2419e31400955595": " William John Macquorn", - "571156152419e3140095559b": " 7 million", + "571154c72419e31400955588": " reciprocating steam engines", + "571154c72419e31400955589": " gas turbines", + "571154c72419e3140095558a": " steam turbines", + "571154c72419e3140095558b": " Turbinia has direct turbines to propellers", + "571155ae2419e31400955591": " Rankine cycle", + "571155ae2419e31400955592": " removed in a condenser", + "571155ae2419e31400955593": " 1990s", + "571155ae2419e31400955594": " biomass", + "571155ae2419e31400955595": " Scottish", + "571156152419e3140095559b": "duty\".", "571156152419e3140095559f": " 17", - "571156152419e3140095559e": " 7 million", - "571156152419e3140095559d": " 7 million", - "571156152419e3140095559c": " Watt in order to illustrate how much more efficient his engines were over the earlier Newcomen designs. Duty is the number of foot-pounds", - "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": " \"steam age", - "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": " \"steam age", - "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": " \"steam age", - "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": " \"steam age", - "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": " water pump", + "571156152419e3140095559e": " energy efficiency", + "571156152419e3140095559d": "94 pounds", + "571156152419e3140095559c": " Watt", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": " electric motors and internal combustion engines", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": " piston type", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": " turbine type steam engines", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": " internal combustion engines", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": " Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": " water pump", - "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": " water pump", - "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": " Thomas Savery. It used condensing steam", - "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": " Thomas Savery", - "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": " Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", - "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": " Oliver Evans", - "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": " Oliver Evans in 1801 introduced engines using high-pressure steam; Trevithick obtained his high-pressure engine patent in 1802", - "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": " Oliver Evans in 1801 introduced engines using high-pressure steam; Trevithick obtained his high-pressure engine patent in 1802", - "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": " Oliver Evans in 1801 introduced engines using high-pressure steam; Trevithick obtained his high-pressure engine patent in 1802", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": " 1698", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": " Bento de Moura Portugal", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": " John Smeaton", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": " Richard Trevithick", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": " Richard Trevithick", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": " 1802", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": " transport", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": " power", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": " Energiprojekt AB", - "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": " Energiprojekt AB in Sweden", - "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": " 5", - "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": " 4 kg", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": " Sweden", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": " 4", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": " 4 kg (8.8", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": " 27-30%", - "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": " 3600 cubic metres", - "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "once-through\" cooling by river or lake water", - "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": " river or lake water", - "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": " river or lake water", - "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": " 3600 cubic metres", - "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": " Boulton", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": " surface condensers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": " automobile radiator", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": " locations where water is costly", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "wet", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": " 3600", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": " centrifugal governor", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": " Boulton", - "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": " James Watt", - "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": " James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788 after Watt\u2019s partner Boulton", - "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": " James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788 after Watt\u2019s partner Boulton", - "57115e532419e314009555af": " railway locomotives", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": " flour mill", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": " operations requiring constant speed", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": " hold a set speed", + "57115e532419e314009555af": " 1880", "57115e532419e314009555b0": " railway locomotives", - "57115e532419e314009555b1": " harsh railway operating environment", + "57115e532419e314009555b1": " complicated", "57115e532419e314009555b2": " 1930", "57115e532419e314009555b3": " road engines", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": " shortening the admission event; this in turn proportionately lengthens the expansion period", - "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back\").", - "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": " too brief", - "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": " too brief", - "57115f652419e314009555b9": " 1606", - "57115f652419e314009555ba": " Spanish inventor Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtained the first patent for a steam engine", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": " evacuate the cylinder", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": " fixed length", + "57115f652419e314009555b9": " Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", + "57115f652419e314009555ba": " Spanish", "57115f652419e314009555bb": " 1606", - "57115f652419e314009555bc": " 1606", - "57115f652419e314009555bd": " 1606. In 1698", - "57115ff82419e314009555c3": " 1800 RPM and 1500 RPM. A turbine rotor is also only capable of providing power when rotating in one direction. Therefore, a reversing stage", - "57115ff82419e314009555c4": " 1800 RPM and 1500 RPM. A turbine rotor is also only capable of providing power when rotating in one direction. Therefore, a reversing stage", - "57115ff82419e314009555c5": " 1800 RPM and 1500 RPM. A turbine rotor is also only capable of providing power when rotating in one direction. Therefore, a reversing stage", - "57115ff82419e314009555c6": " 1800 RPM and 1500 RPM. A turbine rotor is also only capable of providing power when rotating in one direction. Therefore, a reversing stage", - "57115ff82419e314009555c7": " 3000 RPM", - "5711607f2419e314009555cd": " internal combustion engines. For mobile applications steam has been largely superseded by internal combustion engines or electric motors", - "5711607f2419e314009555ce": " internal combustion engines or electric motors", - "5711607f2419e314009555cf": " steam turbine", - "5711607f2419e314009555d0": " internal combustion engines or electric motors", - "5711607f2419e314009555d1": " fuel sources", - "571161092419e314009555d7": " James Watt", - "571161092419e314009555d8": " James Watt", - "571161092419e314009555d9": " steam-tight in the face of wear and thermal expansion", + "57115f652419e314009555bc": " 1698", + "57115f652419e314009555bd": " 1712", + "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs", + "57115ff82419e314009555c4": " a drive shaft", + "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs", + "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "static discs) fixed to the turbine casing", + "57115ff82419e314009555c7": " 3600 revolutions per minute", + "5711607f2419e314009555cd": " lower", + "5711607f2419e314009555ce": " electric motors", + "5711607f2419e314009555cf": " steam turbine plant", + "5711607f2419e314009555d0": " Advanced Steam movement", + "5711607f2419e314009555d1": " pollution", + "571161092419e314009555d7": " Wankel engine", + "571161092419e314009555d8": " valve gear", + "571161092419e314009555d9": " thermal expansion", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1763\u20131775", - "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": " John Smeaton", - "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": " John Smeaton", - "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": " John Smeaton", - "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": " air pressure", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": " condenser", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": " half as much coal", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": " John Smeaton's improved version of Newcomen", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": " piston into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": " two", - "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": " One end of the lever carried a weight or spring that restrained the valve against steam pressure", - "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": " two", - "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": " locked such that operators may not tamper with its adjustment unless a seal illegally is broken", - "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": " two independent mechanisms for ensuring that the pressure in the boiler does not go too high", + "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": " plug valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": " an adjustable spring-loaded valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": " seal", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": " more power from the engine", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": " Corliss steam engine", "5711628a2419e314009555de": " 1849", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": " 30%", - "5711628a2419e314009555df": " 30%", - "5711628a2419e314009555e0": " the Rumford medal", - "571163172419e314009555e7": " Rankine cycle", - "571163172419e314009555e8": " Watt on a model", - "571163172419e314009555e9": " Joseph Black", + "5711628a2419e314009555df": " 30", + "5711628a2419e314009555e0": " Rumford medal", + "571163172419e314009555e7": " thermodynamic theory", + "571163172419e314009555e8": " Watt", + "571163172419e314009555e9": " separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555ea": " Joseph Black", - "571163172419e314009555eb": " Joseph Black", - "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": " 1% to 3%", - "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": " 1% to 3%", + "571163172419e314009555eb": " latent heat", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": " relatively little work is required to drive the pump", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": " liquid phase", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": " 1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": " 1500 \u00b0C", - "5711651050c2381900b54acb": " an injector", - "5711651050c2381900b54acc": " recirculate the water and recover the latent heat of vaporisation", - "5711651050c2381900b54acd": " increase the draft for fireboxes", - "5711651050c2381900b54ace": " chain or screw stoking mechanism", - "5711651050c2381900b54acf": " chain or screw stoking mechanism", - "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": " exhaust much of their steam, as feed water", - "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": " HMS Dreadnought of 1905", - "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": " HMS Dreadnought of 1905", - "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "Land-based steam engines", + "5711651050c2381900b54acb": " injector", + "5711651050c2381900b54acc": " recover the latent heat of vaporisation", + "5711651050c2381900b54acd": " superheaters", + "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", + "5711651050c2381900b54acf": " a chain or screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "Land-based steam engines could exhaust much of their steam, as feed water", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": " British", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": " HMS Dreadnought", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": " the dreadnought battleships", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": " 1905", - "571166352419e314009555f1": " heating water", - "571166352419e314009555f2": " heating water", - "571166352419e314009555f3": " steam turbines were not ideally suited to the railroad environment", - "571166352419e314009555f4": " steam turbines were not ideally suited to the railroad environment", - "571166352419e314009555f5": " meet with some success for long haul freight operations in Sweden and for express passenger work in Britain", - "5711669550c2381900b54adf": " Carnot cycle", - "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": " heat addition (in the boiler) and rejection (in the condenser) are isobaric", - "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": " The cycle of a reciprocating steam engine", - "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": " The cycle of a reciprocating steam engine", + "571166352419e314009555f1": " water", + "571166352419e314009555f2": " a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f3": " electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f4": " transmission", + "571166352419e314009555f5": " Sweden and for express passenger work in Britain", + "5711669550c2381900b54adf": " practical Carnot cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": " condenser", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": " rejection (in the condenser) are isobaric (constant pressure) processes in the Rankine cycle and isothermal", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": " the condenser as a liquid not as a gas", - "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": " O\n2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8%", - "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": " hydrogen and helium", - "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": " 20.8%", - "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": " 20.8%", - "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": " O\n2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8%", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": " 8", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": " oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": " two", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": " half", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": " Diatomic oxygen", "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": " 20.8%", - "571bb2269499d21900609caa": " oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide", - "571bb2269499d21900609cab": " O\n2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8%", - "571bb2269499d21900609cad": " O\n2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8%", + "571bb2269499d21900609caa": " oxygen", + "571bb2269499d21900609cab": " 8", + "571bb2269499d21900609cad": " downward", "571bb2269499d21900609cac": " oxygen", - "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": " O\n2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8%", - "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": " 20.8%", - "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": " silicon dioxide", - "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": " 20.8%", - "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": " dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": " 8", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": " chalcogen group", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": " oxides", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": " third-most abundant", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": " dioxygen", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": " photosynthesis", - "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": " the energy of sunlight", - "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": " Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": " sunlight", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": " high-altitude ozone layer helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": " oxygen", - "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": " water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", - "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": " cellular respiration", - "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": " photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight", - "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": " photosynthesis", - "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": " John Mayow", - "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": " Robert Boyle", - "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": " John Mayow (1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus", - "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": " Robert Boyle", - "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": " John Mayow", - "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": " Robert Boyle", - "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": " Robert Boyle", - "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": " Robert Boyle", - "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": " John Mayow (1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus", - "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": " August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley", - "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": " 1775", - "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO) inside a glass tube", - "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": " Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", - "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": " Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": " water", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": " photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": " water", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": " Robert Boyle", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": " John Mayow", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": " nitroaereus", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641\u20131679", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": " Robert Boyle", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": " spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "1641\u20131679", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": " respiration", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": " John Mayow", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": " Joseph Priestley", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": " mercuric", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": " mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": " mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": " 1775", - "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": " priority", - "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": " 1775", - "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": " Pneumatica", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": " he published his findings first", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": " more active and lived longer", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": " Leonardo da Vinci", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": " Philo of Byzantium", - "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": " Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", - "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": " Pneumatica", - "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": " Leonardo da Vinci", - "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": " parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": " 2nd century BCE", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": " fire", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": " Philo of Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": " classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": " Pneumatica", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": " Leonardo da Vinci", - "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": " Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration", - "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": " Oxygen", - "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": " Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen with a high oxidative potential", - "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": " chlorates", - "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": " Combustion hazards", - "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": " Oxygen", - "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": " Oxygen is the oxidant, not the fuel, but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": " air", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": " the source of most of the chemical energy", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": " oxygen with a high oxidative", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": " Oxygen", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": " ignition", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": " the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": " rapid combustion", - "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": " Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen with a high oxidative potential", - "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen", - "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": " Steel", - "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": " Steel pipes", - "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": " Steel", - "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": " Steel pipes", - "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": " Steel pipes", - "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": " Steel pipes", - "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": " Apollo 1 crew in a launch pad", - "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": " Apollo 1", - "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": " silicates of magnesium and iron", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": " oxidant, not the fuel, but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": " peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": " pure O\n2", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": " fire that killed the Apollo 1 crew in a launch pad test spread so rapidly because the capsule was pressurized with pure O\n2", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": " slightly more than atmospheric pressure", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": " The fire that killed the Apollo 1 crew in a launch pad test spread so rapidly because the capsule was pressurized with pure O\n2", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": " fire", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": " ignition sources are minimized", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": " ignition sources are minimized", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": " Apollo 1 crew", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": " silicon", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": " carbon dioxide", - "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": " magnesium and iron", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": " The rest of the Earth's crust is also made of oxygen", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": " carbon dioxide", - "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": " silicon (silica SiO\n2, as found in granite", - "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": " magnesium and iron", - "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": " silicates of magnesium and iron", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": " silicates (in silicate minerals). The Earth's mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": " The rest of the Earth's crust", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": " mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": " silicon", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": " monatomic", - "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": " water", - "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": " HO, giving the atomic mass of oxygen", - "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": " Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt showed that water is formed of two volumes of hydrogen and one volume of oxygen", - "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": " Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac", - "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": " wood or coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston", - "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal", - "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": " Air", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": " simplest atomic ratios with respect to one another", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": " HO", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": " hydrogen", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": " Avogadro's law", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": " wood or coal", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": " wood or coal", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": " quantitative", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": " metals", - "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": " The fact that a substance like wood gains overall weight in burning was hidden by the buoyancy", - "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": " covalent double bond", - "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": " six 2p electrons", - "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": " Aufbau, filling of orbitals", - "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": " six 2p electrons", - "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": " filling of molecular orbitals", - "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": " Uppsala, in 1773", - "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": " 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", - "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": " Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", - "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": " Joseph Priestley", - "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": " Joseph Priestley", - "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": " triplet oxygen reacts only slowly with most organic molecules, which have paired electron spins; this prevents spontaneous combustion", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": " lighter", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": " a covalent double bond", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": " two", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": " Aufbau", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": " chemically bonded to each other", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": " the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": " 1773", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": " 1774", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": " his work was published first. The name oxygen", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": " Antoine Lavoisier", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": " phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": " spin triplet state", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": " triplet oxygen", - "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": " with most organic molecules", - "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": " with most organic molecules", - "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": " antibonding, and so their filling weakens the bond order from three to two. Because of its unpaired electrons", - "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": " nitrogen in English", - "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": " Lavoisier observed that there was no overall increase in weight when tin and air were heated in a closed container", - "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": " Lavoisier observed that there was no overall increase in weight when tin and air were heated in a closed container", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": " unpaired electrons", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": " spontaneous", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": " antibonding", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": " air rushed in when he opened the container, which indicated that part of the trapped air", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": " weight", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": " increased in weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": " 1777", - "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": " nitrogen", - "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": " rocket fuel", - "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": " upper atmosphere", - "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": " upper atmosphere", - "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": " Near the Earth's surface", - "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": " UV region", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": " azote", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": " ozone", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": " lung tissue", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": " a protective radiation shield", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": " strongly in the UV region of the spectrum", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": " dioxygen", - "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": " dioxygen", - "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": " dioxygen", - "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": " dioxygen", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": " dioxygen, O\n2", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": " dioxygen, O\n2", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": " energy content", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": " cellular respiration", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": " James Dewar", - "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": " Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson", - "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": " Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson", - "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": " Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson", - "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": " 6.04 milliliters", - "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": " 6.04 milliliters", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": " 1891", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": " 1895", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": " oxyacetylene welding", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": " temperature", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": " 6.04 milliliters", - "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": " 6.04 milliliters", - "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": " 6.04 milliliters", - "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": " air, sea and land. Oxygen is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. About 0.9%", - "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": " hydrogen and helium. About 0.9%", - "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "%", - "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": " ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules such as carbon dioxide", - "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": " ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules such as carbon dioxide", - "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": " March 29, 1883", - "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": " Louis Paul Cailletet", - "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": " Louis Paul Cailletet", - "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": " March 29, 1883", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": " water", + "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "7.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": " third", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": " third most abundant", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": " 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen. Oxygen constitutes 49.2%", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": " oceans", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": " ultraviolet radiation", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": " 19th", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": " compressing and cooling", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": " Raoul Pierre Pictet", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": " a few drops", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": " March 29, 1883", - "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": " The measurement implies that an unknown process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains", - "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": " oxygen", - "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": " The measurement implies that an unknown process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains", - "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": " oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material", - "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": " The measurement implies that an unknown process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains", - "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": " water during photosynthesis", - "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": " water during photosynthesis", - "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": " water during photosynthesis", - "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": " water during photosynthesis", - "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": " water", - "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": " Paleoclimatologists also directly measure this ratio in the water molecules of ice core samples", - "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": " snow and rain", - "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": " Paleoclimatologists also directly measure this ratio in the water molecules of ice core samples", - "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": " oxygen-16, and the seawater left behind tends to be higher in oxygen-18. Marine organisms then incorporate more oxygen-18 into their skeletons", - "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": " snow and rain", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": " silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind in space and returned by the crashed Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": " oxygen-16", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": " Genesis spacecraft", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": " silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": " dust grains that formed the Earth", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": " common organic molecules", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": " photosynthesis", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": " photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength, and by the immune system", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": " Carotenoids", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": " water molecules of ice core samples", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": " 12%", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": " oxygen-18", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": " lower global temperatures", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": " 687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": " carbon cycle", - "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": " low signal-to-noise ratio and the physical structure of vegetation; but it has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring the carbon cycle", - "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": " low signal-to-noise ratio and the physical structure of vegetation; but it has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring the carbon cycle", - "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": " vegetation canopies in those bands to characterize plant health", - "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "agnetic", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": " satellite platform", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": " 687 and 760 nm", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": " remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": " paramagnetic", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": " liquid oxygen", - "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": " moments", - "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": " Liquid oxygen", - "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": " Liquid oxygen", - "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": " O\n2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere about 2.5 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event", - "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": " Parts of the immune system of higher organisms create peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes", - "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": " Oxygen is toxic", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": " unpaired electrons", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": " laboratory", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": " a bridge", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": " peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": " to destroy invading microbes", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": " pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": " obligately anaerobic", - "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": " 2.5 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event", - "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": " 90.20 K (\u2212182.95 \u00b0C", - "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": " Liquid oxygen may also be produced by condensation out of air", - "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": " fractional distillation of liquefied air", - "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": " Liquid oxygen may also be produced by condensation out of air, using liquid nitrogen", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": " 2.5 billion years ago", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": " 90.20 K", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": " light sky-blue color", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": " liquid nitrogen", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": " liquid nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": " combustible materials", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": " water bodies", - "571cc8815efbb31900334def": " lower temperatures", - "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": " oxygen content", + "571cc8815efbb31900334def": " lower", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": " due to their higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": " algae by a process called eutrophication", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": " biochemical oxygen demand", - "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": " 3.5 billion years ago. Free oxygen first appeared in significant quantities during the Paleoproterozoic eon", - "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": " 10%", - "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": " dissolved iron in the oceans", - "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": " 1.7 billion years", - "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": " 10%", - "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": " 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen per year", - "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": " photosynthesis", - "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": " 1/2000th of the entire atmospheric oxygen per year", - "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": " photosynthesis", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": " 3.5 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": " Paleoproterozoic", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": " banded iron", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": " 1.7 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": " 3\u20132.7 billion years ago", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": " oxygen cycle", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": " biogeochemical", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": " three", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": " the oxygen cycle", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": " oxygen", - "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": " passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves", - "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": " 90%", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": " pressure swing adsorption", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": " 90% to 93%", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": " nitrogen", - "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": " passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves", - "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": " 90%", - "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": " nearly pure O\n2 gas", - "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": " nearly pure O\n2 gas", - "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": " nearly pure O\n2 gas", - "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": " nearly pure O\n2 gas", - "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": " electrolysis", - "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": " sports. Oxygen bars are establishments, found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas", - "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": " aerobic exercise", - "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": " aerobic exercise", - "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": " aerobic exercise", - "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": " enriched O\n2 mixtures only if they are breathed during aerobic exercise", - "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": " Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene", - "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": " carbon monoxide from the heme group", - "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": " Decompression sickness", - "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": " bubbles", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": " Oxygen gas is increasingly obtained by these non-cryogenic", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": " 90% to 93%", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": " water", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": " molecular oxygen and hydrogen", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": " DC electricity", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": " water", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": " electrolysis of water", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": " mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": " The pharmacological effect is doubtful; a placebo effect", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": " performance", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": " a placebo effect", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": " aerobic exercise", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": " gas gangrene", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": " carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": " anaerobic bacteria", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": " bubbles of inert gas", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": " Oxygen therapy", - "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": " work load on the heart", - "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": " decreasing resistance to blood flow in many types of diseased lungs, easing work load on the heart. Oxygen therapy", - "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": " Oxygen therapy", - "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": " pneumonia", - "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": " chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides. The surface of most metals, such as aluminium", - "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": " chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides. The surface of most metals, such as aluminium", - "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": " FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1 \u2212 xO, where x is usually around 0.05.", - "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": " chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides. The surface of most metals, such as aluminium", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": " heart", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": " respiration, so oxygen supplementation", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": " respiration", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": " gaseous oxygen", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": " electronegativity", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": " chemical bonds", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": " FeO", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": " chemical bonds", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": " corrosion", - "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "pressurized) commercial airplanes have an emergency supply of O\n2 automatically supplied to them in case of cabin depressurization", - "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "pressurized) commercial airplanes have an emergency supply of O\n2 automatically supplied to them in case of cabin depressurization", - "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "pressurized) commercial airplanes have an emergency supply of O\n2 automatically supplied to them in case of cabin depressurization", - "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": " exothermic reaction", - "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": " cryogenics and chemical compounds. For reasons of economy, oxygen is often transported in bulk as a liquid in specially insulated tankers, since one liter", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": " cabin depressurization", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": " exothermic", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": " steady stream of oxygen gas is then produced by the exothermic", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": " iron filings into the sodium chlorate inside the canister. A steady stream of oxygen", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": " storage methods", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": " smaller cylinders", - "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": " smaller cylinders", - "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": " cryogenics and chemical compounds. For reasons of economy, oxygen is often transported in bulk as a liquid in specially insulated tankers, since one liter", - "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": " Liquid oxygen is passed through heat exchangers", - "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": " glycerol", - "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": " glycerol", - "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": " Epoxides", - "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": " three", - "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": " glycerol", - "571cde695efbb31900334e16": " phosphate (PO3\u2212\n4) groups in the biologically important energy-carrying molecules ATP", - "571cde695efbb31900334e17": " ATP", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": " specially insulated tankers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": " bulk as a liquid in specially insulated tankers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": " tankers", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": " acid anhydrides (R-CO-O-CO-R); and amides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": " Epoxides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": " feeder materials", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": " Epoxides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "where \"R\" is an organic group): alcohols (R-OH); ethers (R-O-R); ketones", + "571cde695efbb31900334e16": " phosphate", + "571cde695efbb31900334e17": " Only a few", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": " carbohydrates", - "571cde695efbb31900334e19": " fatty acids", - "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": " calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite", - "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": " Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", - "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": " 21%", - "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": " 160 kPa", - "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": " 21%", - "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": " 21%", - "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": " 30 kPa", + "571cde695efbb31900334e19": " proteins", + "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": " calcium phosphate", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": " pulmonary fibrosis", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": " permanent pulmonary fibrosis", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": " Exposure to a O\n2 partial pressures greater than 160 kPa", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": " Acute oxygen toxicity", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": " seizures", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": " low total pressures", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": " 30 kPa", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": " 30 kPa", - "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": " 30 kPa", - "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": " 30 kPa", - "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": " partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa), equal to about 50%", - "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": " at partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa), equal to about 50%", - "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": " 50%", - "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": " partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals", - "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": " 30%", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": " no damage", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "2 partial pressure", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": " elevated partial pressures", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": " partial pressures", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": " about 50% oxygen composition", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": " mechanical ventilators", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": " 30%\u201350%", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": " October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": " US$3 per barrel", - "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": " 1979 oil crisis", - "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": " 1979 oil crisis", - "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": " an oil embargo. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US$3 per barrel", - "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": " Middle East", - "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": " Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula", - "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": " Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula. The promise of a negotiated settlement between Israel and Syria", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": " October 1973", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "shock", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": " Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": " to avoid being targeted", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": " multilateral negotiations", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": " January 18, 1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": " March 1974", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": " August 15, 1971", - "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand). Shortly thereafter, Britain followed, floating the pound sterling", - "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": " oil was priced in dollars", - "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": " dollars", - "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": " dollars", - "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": " 1973\u20131974", - "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": " \"Oil Shock\". After 1971, OPEC was slow to readjust prices to reflect this depreciation. From 1947 to 1967", - "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "Oil Shock\". After 1971", - "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": " two percent", - "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": " Yom Kippur.", - "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": " ten times more.\"", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": " Because oil was priced in dollars", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": " September 1971", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": " oil producers' real income decreased", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": " less than two percent per year", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": " 1971", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": " 1973\u20131974", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": " the oil shock", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": " October 6, 1973", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": " Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": " ten times", - "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": " ten", - "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": " ten times more.\"", - "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": " $5.11 a barrel", - "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": " $5.11 a barrel", - "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": " the embargo, a cut in production by five percent", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": " Iran", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": " \"Of course [the price of oil] is going to rise", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": " American aid to Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": " October 16, 1973", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": " to continue to cut production in five percent monthly increments until their economic and political objectives were met", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": " $1.5 billion", - "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": " Saudi Arabia", - "57261dab38643c19005ad037": " 100 billion", - "57261dab38643c19005ad038": " violent Sunni extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda", - "57261dab38643c19005ad039": " Saudi Arabia", - "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": " Saudi Arabia", - "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": " Wahhabism, throughout the world, via religious charities such al-Haramain Foundation", - "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": " inflation", - "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": " oil", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": " a \"principal hostile country", + "57261dab38643c19005ad037": " over 100 billion dollars", + "57261dab38643c19005ad038": " Sunni extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda and the Taliban", + "57261dab38643c19005ad039": " Middle East", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": " economies had been caught between higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": " Wahhabism", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": " distribution and price disruptions", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": " USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": " 1973", - "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": " Kissinger's dominance", - "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": " oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies, even in rugged terrain", - "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": " the price increases changed competitive positions in many industries, such as automobiles", - "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": " inflationary and deflation", - "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": " rugged terrain", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": " Kissinger", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": " embargo", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": " automobiles", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": " Macroeconomic problems", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": " Arctic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": " five to ten years", - "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": " UK", - "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": " Harold Wilson", - "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": " Harold Wilson", - "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": " Ted Heath", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": " Netherlands", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": " America", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": " Netherlands faced a complete embargo, the UK and France", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": " Israelis", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": " Harold Wilson", - "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": " an oil crisis", - "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": " a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973", - "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": " coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973\u201374", - "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": " Sweden", - "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": " oil crisis", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": " UK", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": " a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": " 1973\u201374", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": " Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Norway", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": " Sweden", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", - "57264cac708984140094c1b4": " higher price to encourage investment", - "57264cac708984140094c1b5": " creating greater scarcity", - "57264cac708984140094c1b7": " Motorists faced long lines at gas stations", + "57264cac708984140094c1b4": " to encourage investment", + "57264cac708984140094c1b5": " greater scarcity", + "57264cac708984140094c1b7": " rationing", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": " William E. Simon", - "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": " William E. Simon", - "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": " William E. Simon", - "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": " The American Automobile Association reported that in the last week of February 1974, 20%", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": " February 1974", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": " to coordinate the response to the embargo", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": " 20%", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": " 55 mph", - "57264efddd62a815002e8135": " 55 mph", - "57264efddd62a815002e8136": " 55 mph", - "57264efddd62a815002e8137": " 55 mph", - "57264efddd62a815002e8138": " 1978", - "572650325951b619008f6fa9": " nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels. There is criticism that American energy policies since the crisis have been dominated by crisis-mentality thinking", - "572650325951b619008f6faa": " ignore market and technology realities", - "572650325951b619008f6fab": " politically expedient, but whose prospects are doubtful", - "57265200708984140094c237": " Saudi Arabia", + "57264efddd62a815002e8135": " Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act", + "57264efddd62a815002e8136": " Bill Clinton", + "57264efddd62a815002e8137": " November 28, 1995", + "57264efddd62a815002e8138": " 1977", + "572650325951b619008f6fa9": " energy crisis", + "572650325951b619008f6faa": " market and technology realities", + "572650325951b619008f6fab": " congresses and presidents", + "57265200708984140094c237": " U.S", "57265200708984140094c238": " Saudi Arabia", "57265200708984140094c239": " 10 years", - "57265200708984140094c23a": " Saudi Arabia", - "57265360dd62a815002e819a": " 71%", - "57265360dd62a815002e819b": " 5%", - "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "nonfriendly\" country to encourage it to change its noninvolvement policy. It received a 5%", - "57265360dd62a815002e819d": " \"asserting that Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories, advocating Palestinian self-determination", - "57265360dd62a815002e819e": " Arab oil. 71%", - "57265526708984140094c2bd": " Saudi Arabia", - "57265526708984140094c2be": " Saudi Arabia", + "57265200708984140094c23a": " Arabs", + "57265360dd62a815002e819a": " Japan", + "57265360dd62a815002e819b": " 71%", + "57265360dd62a815002e819c": " declared Japan a \"nonfriendly\" country to encourage it to change its noninvolvement policy", + "57265360dd62a815002e819d": " November 22", + "57265360dd62a815002e819e": " November 7, 1973", + "57265526708984140094c2bd": " Afghanistan", + "57265526708984140094c2be": " Saudi Arabia and Iran", "57265526708984140094c2bf": " Saudi Arabia", - "57265526708984140094c2c0": " November 2010, Wikileaks leaked confidential diplomatic cables pertaining to the United States and its allies which revealed that the late Saudi King Abdullah", + "57265526708984140094c2c0": " November 2010", "57265526708984140094c2c1": " November 1979", - "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": " Japanese imports, primarily the Toyota Corona", - "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": " Japanese imports, primarily the Toyota Corona", - "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": " Japanese imports, primarily the Toyota Corona", - "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": " mass-market leaders with unibody", - "572659535951b619008f703f": " 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions", - "572659535951b619008f7040": " Corona Mark II", - "572659535951b619008f7041": " Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II", - "572659535951b619008f7042": " Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II", - "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": " Hilux", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": " large cars. Japanese imports, primarily the Toyota Corona, the Toyota Corolla, the Datsun B210", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": " Japanese", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": " four cylinder", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": " Japanese", + "572659535951b619008f703f": " 1973", + "572659535951b619008f7040": " Toyota Corona Mark II", + "572659535951b619008f7041": " passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows", + "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus and Infiniti", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": " Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": " Dodge D-50", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": " Ford, Chrysler, and GM", - "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "Ford Ranger", - "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": " smaller and fuel-efficient models", - "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": " lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": " their captive import policy", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": " domestic sales", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": " four", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": " 1985", - "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": " mid-1970s. The only full-size models that did not recover were lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air", - "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": " lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": " Cadillac DeVille", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": " Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": " 1979", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": " 1979", - "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": " Chrysler", - "57265e11708984140094c3bb": " Saudi Arabia", - "57265e11708984140094c3bc": " 1980s to less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation, oil briefly fell back to pre-1973 levels", - "57265e11708984140094c3bd": " Saudi Arabia, trying to recover market share, increased production, pushing prices down", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": " Mustang", + "57265e11708984140094c3bb": " 1981", + "57265e11708984140094c3bc": " 1980s", + "57265e11708984140094c3bd": " recover market share", "57265e11708984140094c3be": " $40 per barrel", - "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": " Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy", - "5725b41838643c19005acb80": " Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration", + "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": " Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", + "5725b41838643c19005acb80": " Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb81": " 1968", - "5725b41838643c19005acb82": " Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy", - "5725b41838643c19005acb83": " two-man Project Gemini", + "5725b41838643c19005acb82": " John F. Kennedy", + "5725b41838643c19005acb83": " two", "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": " 1961 to 1972", - "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": " Saturn family rockets", - "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": " 1975", - "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": " 1973\u201374, and the Apollo\u2013Soyuz Test Project", - "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": " Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion", - "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": " oxygen tank explosion", - "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": " Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion", - "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": " nine follow-on landings with a plan for extended lunar geological and astrophysical exploration. Budget cuts forced the cancellation of three of these. Five", - "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": " oxygen tank explosion", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": " Gemini program", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": " Soviet Union", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": " Saturn family rockets as launch vehicles. Apollo/Saturn vehicles were also used for an Apollo Applications Program, which consisted of Skylab", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": " 1967", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": " prelaunch test", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": " Budget cuts", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": " Five", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": " prevented by an oxygen tank explosion", "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": " Apollo 8", - "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": " Apollo 8", - "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": " 842 pounds", - "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": " low Earth orbit. Apollo 8", - "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": " one", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": " Apollo 17", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": " 842", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": " technology incidental to rocketry and manned spaceflight, including avionics, telecommunications, and computers", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": " three", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": " three", - "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": " Greek god of light, music, and the sun by NASA manager Abe Silverstein", - "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": " Greek god of light, music, and the sun by NASA manager Abe Silverstein", - "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": " the Eisenhower administration in early 1960, as a follow-up to Project Mercury", - "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": " July 1960, NASA Deputy Administrator Hugh L. Dryden", - "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": " Hugh L. Dryden", - "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": " three study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company.", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": " Abe Silverstein", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": " manned lunar landings", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": " early 1960", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": " 1960", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": " Maxime Faget", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": " three", "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": " Hugh L. Dryden", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": " John F. Kennedy", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": " Soviet Union", - "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": " financial commitment required by a manned Moon landing", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": " the massive financial commitment required by a manned Moon landing", "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": " James E. Webb", - "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": " aerospace technology as a symbol of national prestige", - "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": " April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin", - "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": " Yuri Gagarin", - "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": " one day", - "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": " Yuri Gagarin", - "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": " one week", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": "missile gap", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": " Yuri Gagarin", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": " Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": " one", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": " refusing to make a commitment", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": " April 20", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": " Lyndon B. Johnson", - "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": " one week", - "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": " Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": " approximately one week", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": "we are neither making maximum effort nor achieving results necessary if this country is to reach a position of leadership.\"", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": " Robert R. Gilruth", - "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": " Houston, Texas", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": " Langley Research Center", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": " Houston, Texas", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": " Rice University", - "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": " Houston, Texas", - "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": " north of Canaveral at Merritt Island", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": " Florida", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": " Merritt Island", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": " Kurt H. Debus", - "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": " Dr. Wernher von Braun", - "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": " November 29, 1963", - "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": " two", - "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": " 250,000 feet", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": " Director", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": " Kennedy", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": " 130 million", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": " Apollo spacecraft", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": " 250,000 feet", - "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "VAB) in which the space vehicle (launch vehicle and spacecraft) would be assembled on a Mobile Launcher Platform", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": " 130 million cubic foot", "5725c123271a42140099d131": " Dr. George E. Mueller", - "5725c123271a42140099d132": " Apollo costs under control, he had to develop greater project management skills in his organization, so he recruited Dr. George E. Mueller", - "5725c123271a42140099d133": " Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, to replace then Associate Administrator D. Brainerd Holmes", - "5725c123271a42140099d134": " Dr. George E. Mueller", - "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", - "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": " Air Force, so he got Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", - "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", - "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": " January 1964", - "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": " Bernard A. Schriever", - "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": " John Houbolt at Langley Research Center", - "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": " John Houbolt at Langley Research Center", + "5725c123271a42140099d132": " July 23, 1963", + "5725c123271a42140099d133": " D. Brainerd Holmes", + "5725c123271a42140099d134": " Mueller", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": " Air Force missile projects", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": " Air Force", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": " General Samuel C. Phillips", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": " January 1964, until it achieved the first manned landing in July 1969", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": " Apollo Program Director", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": " rendezvous", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": " 1961", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": " Robert Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d185": " Nicholas E. Golovin", - "5725c604271a42140099d186": " Nicholas E. Golovin", - "5725c604271a42140099d187": " Joseph Shea", + "5725c604271a42140099d186": " July 1961", + "5725c604271a42140099d187": " Manned Spacecraft Center", "5725c604271a42140099d188": " Joseph Shea", - "5725c604271a42140099d189": " Joseph Shea", + "5725c604271a42140099d189": " Marshall Space Flight Center", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": " Jerome Wiesner", - "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": " Golovin, who had left NASA, to chair his own \"Space Vehicle Panel\",", - "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": " Saturn V launch vehicle", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": " Golovin", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": " NASA, to chair his own \"Space Vehicle Panel\", ostensibly to monitor, but actually to second-guess NASA", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": " July 11, 1962", - "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": " two-day September visit by the President to Marshall Space Flight Center", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": "Wiesner", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": "No, that's no good\"", - "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "No, that's no good\"", - "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": "No, that's no good\"", - "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": " lander spacecraft to be used as a \"lifeboat", - "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": " lander spacecraft to be used as a \"lifeboat", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": " Lunar Excursion Module", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": " Grumman", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": " allowing the lander spacecraft to be used as a \"lifeboat\"", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": " 13", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": " propulsion, electrical power and life support", - "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": " Apollo 13", - "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": " Kennedy's Moon landing", - "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": " Kennedy's Moon landing", - "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": " two men", - "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": " 11.42 feet", - "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": " 11.42 feet", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": " 1964", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": " cone", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": " Command/Service Module", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": " two", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": " three astronauts", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": " lunar orbit and back to an Earth ocean", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": " ablative heat shield", - "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": " 11.42 feet", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": " Parachutes", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": " 12,250 pounds", - "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": " RCS with propellants, and a fuel cell", - "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": " 51,300 pounds", - "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": " 51,300 pounds", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": "A cylindrical Service Module", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": " S-band antenna", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": " The Service Module was discarded", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": " 51,300 pounds (23,300 kg)", - "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": " 51,300 pounds", - "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": "North American Aviation won the contract to build the CSM, and also the second stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle", - "5725cda338643c19005acd40": "North", - "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "North American Aviation won the contract to build the CSM, and also the second stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle", - "5725cda338643c19005acd42": " Saturn V launch vehicle", - "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": " 33,300 pounds", - "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": " 33,300 pounds", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": " an orbital scientific instrument package", + "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": "North American Aviation", + "5725cda338643c19005acd40": " twice the thrust", + "5725cda338643c19005acd41": " 1964", + "5725cda338643c19005acd42": " Saturn V", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": " two", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": " Not designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere or return to Earth, its fuselage was designed totally without aerodynamic considerations", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": " 33,300 pounds", - "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": " 34 hours", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": " 3 days", "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": " Wernher von Braun", - "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": " Army to NASA, and made Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center", - "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": " June 11, 1962, decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous", - "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": " upper stages", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": " Army", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": " June 11, 1962", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": " dummy upper stages filled with water", "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": " 1964 and 1965", - "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": " upper stages", - "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": " the frequency and severity of micrometeorite impacts", - "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": " S-IV with the S-IVB-200", - "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": " 1,600,000 pounds", - "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": " J-2 engine burning liquid hydrogen", - "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": " 40,000 pounds", - "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": " 33 feet", - "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": " 33 feet", - "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": " 33", - "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": " liquid hydrogen", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": " Pegasus satellites", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": " frequency and severity of micrometeorite impacts", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": " Saturn IB", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": " 200,000 lbf", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": " third stage", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": " over 40,000 pounds (18,100 kg)", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": " Saturn V", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": " 33 feet (10.1 m)", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": " 103,600", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": " burned liquid hydrogen", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": " Project Mercury and Gemini", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": " two", "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": " Harrison Schmitt", - "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": " Apollo astronauts were chosen from the Project Mercury", - "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": " Dr. Harrison Schmitt", - "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": " Walter M. Schirra", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": " Apollo 17", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": " Crews on all development flights", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": " 32", "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": " Distinguished Service Medal", "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": " 1969", - "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": " Walter M. Schirra", - "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": " posthumously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee", - "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": " February 26, reached an altitude of 265.7 nautical miles", - "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": " 265.7 nautical miles", - "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "Two", - "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": " February 26, reached an altitude of 265.7 nautical miles", - "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207/208, or AS-278", - "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": " Commander (CDR) Command", - "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": "fishbowl\"", - "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": " water-cooled undergarment", - "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": " Commander (CDR) Command", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": " discipline problems with the Flight Director's orders", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": " Apollo 8", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": " 1966", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": " 265.7 nautical miles (492.1 km)", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": " 617.1 nautical miles (1,142.9 km) altitude", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": " Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": " a crew would fly the first Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207/208", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": " Apollo spacesuit", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": " Apollo spacesuit, designed to accommodate lunar extravehicular activity (EVA). The traditional visor", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": " water-cooled", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": " Commander (CDR) Command Module Pilot (CMP)", "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "Deke Slayton", - "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": " Wally Schirra", - "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": " January 1966", - "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": " Wally Schirra", - "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": " Walter Cunningham", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": " Gemini and Apollo programs", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": " 1966", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": " Grissom", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": " rookie Walter Cunningham", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": " canceled", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": " August 1967", - "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": " August 1967. McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart", - "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": " canceled", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": " space experiments", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": " Apollo 1 backup crew", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": " Samuel Phillips", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "tiger team", - "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": " Samuel Phillips", - "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": " North American's problems and identify corrections. Phillips documented his findings in a December 19 letter to NAA president Lee Atwood", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": " 1967", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": " George Mueller", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": " North American, and in the altitude chamber", - "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": " White, and Chaffee decided to name their flight Apollo 1 as a motivational focus", - "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": " January, which would simulate a launch countdown", - "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": " North American, and in the altitude chamber at the Kennedy Space Center. A \"plugs-out\" test", - "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": " strange odor", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": " a launch countdown", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": " North American, and in the altitude chamber", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": " a strange odor in their spacesuits", "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": " January 27, 1967", - "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": " January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued", - "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": " strange odor", - "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": " 100% oxygen atmosphere", - "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "deficiencies", - "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": " complex", - "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": " George Low.", - "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": " an accident review board, overseen by both houses of Congress. While the determination of responsibility for the accident was complex", - "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": " nitrogen/oxygen mixture", - "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": " flammable cabin and space suit materials", - "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": " flammable cabin and space suit materials. The Block II design already called for replacement of the Block I plug-type hatch cover", - "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": " Saturn V flights", - "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": " modified, fire-resistant Block II space suits", - "5725df1838643c19005ace15": " Saturn V validation", - "5725df1838643c19005ace16": " Saturn V validation", - "5725df1838643c19005ace17": " The A missions were unmanned Saturn V validation", - "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": " men, cancelling a third unmanned test.", - "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": " Two S-II engines", - "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": "AS-502", - "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": " Saturn V ready to fly men, cancelling a third unmanned test", - "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": " January 22, 1968", - "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": " January 22, 1968", - "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": " George Low decided the next LM flight would be manned.", - "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": " Saturn IB that would have been used for Apollo 1. The LM engines were successfully test-fired and restarted, despite a computer programming error", - "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": " a \"fire-in-the-hole", - "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": " D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart", - "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": " September 15, 1968", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": " problems. First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": " a strange odor in their spacesuits", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": " electrical fire began in the cabin, and spread quickly in the high pressure, 100% oxygen atmosphere", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": " both houses of Congress", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "deficiencies existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": " Apollo Spacecraft Program Office", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": " At the insistence", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": " nitrogen/oxygen", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": " flammable cabin and space suit", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": " quick-release", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": " Crew members would also exclusively wear modified, fire-resistant Block II space suits", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": " Block II", + "5725df1838643c19005ace15": " unmanned Saturn V validation; B was unmanned LM validation", + "5725df1838643c19005ace16": " successfully accomplished", + "5725df1838643c19005ace17": " letters", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "AS-501", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": " Block I CSM on November 9, 1967. The capability of the Command Module's heat shield", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": " April 4, 1968", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": " third unmanned test", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "Apollo 5", + "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": " 37", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": " George Low", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": " a computer programming error", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "fire-in-the-hole", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": " D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": " Zond 5", "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": " Christmas Eve", - "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": " Frank Borman", - "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": " Frank Borman", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": " sending Apollo 8 to orbit the Moon", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": " animals around the Moon", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": " Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": " July 1969", - "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": " July 24.", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": " black-and-white television", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": " Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": " July 24", - "5725e44238643c19005ace35": " Charles \"Pete\" Conrad and rookie Alan L. Bean", - "5725e44238643c19005ace36": " Charles \"Pete\" Conrad", - "5725e44238643c19005ace37": " Charles \"Pete\" Conrad and rookie Alan L. Bean", - "5725e44238643c19005ace38": " Charles \"Pete\" Conrad and rookie Alan L. Bean", - "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": " Lunar Roving Vehicle", - "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": " lunar landing", - "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": " 15", - "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": " three days", - "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": " lunar landing", - "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": " \"life boat\"", - "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": " Apollo 13", - "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": " Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970", - "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": " Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970, headed for the Fra Mauro formation. But two days out, a liquid oxygen tank", + "5725e44238643c19005ace35": " Apollo 12 within walking distance of the Surveyor 3", + "5725e44238643c19005ace36": " Surveyor 3", + "5725e44238643c19005ace37": " removed some parts which they returned to Earth", + "5725e44238643c19005ace38": " pointed into the Sun", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": " Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV)", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": " Block II spacesuit", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": " eight", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": " over three days", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": " mass", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": " a liquid oxygen tank exploded", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": " Commander, with two rookies", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": " a liquid oxygen tank exploded", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": " oxygen tank", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": " April 1970", - "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": " 18 and 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits at the John F. Kennedy Space Center", - "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": " 1971", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": " 18 and 19", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": " shrink", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": " museum exhibits", - "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": " 18 and 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits", - "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": " 3.2 billion years", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": " 1971", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": " extremely old", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": " 3.2 billion years", - "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": " the Genesis Rock, retrieved by astronauts David Scott and James Irwin", - "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": " David Scott and James Irwin", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": " KREEP", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": " Genesis Rock", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": " highly brecciated", - "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": " pitted with micrometeoroid impact craters", - "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": " near an impact crater", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": " impact process effects", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "materials melted near an impact crater", "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": " $170 billion", - "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": " $170 billion", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": " 15", "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": " $20.4 billion", - "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": " using the space in the Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter", - "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": " Apollo Extension Series (Apollo X,) proposed up to 30 flights to Earth orbit, using the space in the Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter", - "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": " Venus", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": " Apollo Extension Series", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": " Apollo Applications Program", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": " Saturn", "5725ef6838643c19005acece": " 1973", - "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": " February 8, 1974", - "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": " February 8, 1974", - "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": " Apollo Telescope", - "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": " Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's SELENE probe observed evidence of the halo surrounding the Apollo 15 Lunar Module blast crater", - "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": " Apollo missions were found to still be standing", - "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": " standing", - "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": " Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth, and read from the creation story in the Book of Genesis", + "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": " rather than in space", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": " 1979", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": " Apollo Telescope Mount", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": " SELENE", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": " Apollo 11", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": " colors remains unknown", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": " Apollo 8", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": " Book of Genesis", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": " one-quarter", - "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": " Vietnam War", - "5725f239271a42140099d35d": " Stan Lebar, who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera at Westinghouse Electric Corporation", - "5725f239271a42140099d35e": " Stan Lebar, who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera at Westinghouse Electric Corporation", - "5725f239271a42140099d35f": " Stan Lebar", - "5725f239271a42140099d360": " Stan Lebar", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": " inspiring end", + "5725f239271a42140099d35d": " Apollo TV", + "5725f239271a42140099d35e": " incompatible", + "5725f239271a42140099d35f": " lunar footage that had to be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic telemetry tapes. During the following years, a magnetic tape shortage", + "5725f239271a42140099d360": " satellite data", "5725f239271a42140099d361": " Stan Lebar", "5725f39638643c19005acef7": " Nafzger", - "5725f39638643c19005acef8": " $230,000", - "5725f39638643c19005acef9": " $230,000", - "5725f39638643c19005acefa": " $230,000", - "5725f39638643c19005acefb": " $230,000", - "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": " The main sources", - "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": " The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources", + "5725f39638643c19005acef8": " remove random noise and camera shake without destroying historical legitimacy", + "5725f39638643c19005acef9": " kinescope recordings", + "5725f39638643c19005acefa": " Lowry Digital", + "5725f39638643c19005acefb": " did not include sound quality improvements", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": " primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": " a body of treaties and legislation", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": " the Treaties", - "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": " the Treaties", - "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": " the European Parliament and the Council", - "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": " The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources", - "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": " The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", - "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": " The main sources", - "5725c28a271a42140099d150": " the European Parliament and the Council", - "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": " The main sources", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": " the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": " European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": " a body of treaties and legislation", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": " direct effect or indirect effect", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": " primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725c28a271a42140099d150": " European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": " primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": " the Treaties", - "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": " the European Parliament and the Council", - "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": " three sources", - "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice", - "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice", - "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": " The European Court of Justice", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": " European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": " three", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": " the courts of member states", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": " the courts of member states", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": " Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": " The European Court of Justice", - "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": " case law by the Court of Justice", - "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice", - "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": " The European Court of Justice", - "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": " member states and the Court of Justice", - "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": " case law by the Court of Justice", - "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice", - "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": " the courts", - "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice", - "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": " case law by the Court of Justice", - "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": " the Treaty on European Union (TEU)", - "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": " The European Court of Justice", - "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": " the Commissioners and the board of the European Central Bank. The European Court of Justice", - "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": " Justice", - "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": " The European Court of Justice", - "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": " Court of Justice", - "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": " Court of Justice", - "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": " interpret the Treaties, but it cannot rule on their validity", - "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": " Court of Justice", - "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": " soon", - "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": " clear", - "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": " Court of Justice", - "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": " soon", - "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": " Individuals may rely on primary law in the Court of Justice", - "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": " Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985", - "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": " Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985", - "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": " Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985", - "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": " Greenland", - "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": " 1985", - "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": " Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985", - "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": " Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985", - "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": " Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985", - "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": " Greenland", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": " case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": " Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": " Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": " case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": " the courts of member states", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": " Court of Justice of the European Union", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": " case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": " Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU),", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": " Directives or Regulations. The European Commission", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": " citizens", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": " European Court of Justice", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "European Council", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": " TEU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": " Faroe Islands", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": " international law", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": " if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": " soon as they enter into force", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": " the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": " Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": " soon as they enter into force", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": " The Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": " common rules", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": " Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": " 1985", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": " Norway did not", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": " Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": " common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": " 1992", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": " 1986", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": " 1972", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": " 1985", - "57264865dd62a815002e8062": " the Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent", - "57264865dd62a815002e8063": " France", - "57264865dd62a815002e8064": " Lisbon Treaty", - "57264865dd62a815002e8065": " Lisbon Treaty", - "57264865dd62a815002e8066": " Lisbon Treaty", - "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": " the constitutional law", - "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": " Lisbon Treaty", - "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": " Lisbon Treaty", + "57264865dd62a815002e8062": " Nice Treaty", + "57264865dd62a815002e8063": " France and the referendum in the Netherlands", + "57264865dd62a815002e8064": " very similar", + "57264865dd62a815002e8065": " amending treaty", + "57264865dd62a815002e8066": " it did not completely replace them", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": " the constitutional law of the European Union", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": " single constitutional document", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": " referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": " Lisbon Treaty", - "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": " make the Commissioners be drawn from the elected Parliament", - "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": " make the Commissioners be drawn from the elected Parliament", - "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": " appointment process", - "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": " through the appointment process", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": " European Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": " the Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": " Jean-Claude Juncker", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": " one", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": " Federica Mogherini", - "572691545951b619008f76e1": " through the appointment process", - "572691545951b619008f76e2": " Decisions are taken by a simple majority", - "572691545951b619008f76e3": " a simple majority", - "572691545951b619008f76e4": " make the Commissioners be drawn from the elected Parliament", - "572691545951b619008f76e5": " through the appointment process", - "57264e455951b619008f6f65": " Parliament in 1999, and it eventually resigned due to corruption allegations. This resulted in one main case, Commission v Edith Cresson", - "57264e455951b619008f6f66": " The President of the Council", - "57264e455951b619008f6f67": " few Commissioners had \u2018even the slightest sense of responsibility\u2019. This led to the creation of the European Anti-fraud Office", - "57264e455951b619008f6f68": " President of the Council", - "57264e455951b619008f6f69": " sit in on ECB meetings", + "572691545951b619008f76e1": " Article 17(3)", + "572691545951b619008f76e2": " President (currently an ex-Luxembourg Prime Minister, Jean-Claude Juncker", + "572691545951b619008f76e3": " a simple majority vote", + "572691545951b619008f76e4": " Ireland", + "572691545951b619008f76e5": " The Commissioners", + "57264e455951b619008f6f65": " Santer Commission", + "57264e455951b619008f6f66": " held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified, did in fact not break any law", + "57264e455951b619008f6f67": " Committee of Independent Experts", + "57264e455951b619008f6f68": " European Council", + "57264e455951b619008f6f69": " do not have voting rights", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": " 1999", - "5726926a5951b619008f770a": " Parliament in 1999, and it eventually resigned due to corruption allegations. This resulted in one main case, Commission v Edith Cresson", - "5726926a5951b619008f770b": " few Commissioners had \u2018even the slightest sense of responsibility\u2019. This led to the creation of the European Anti-fraud Office", + "5726926a5951b619008f770a": " Commission v Edith Cresson", + "5726926a5951b619008f770b": " Committee of Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": " European Anti-fraud Office", - "5726926a5951b619008f770d": " the Maltese Commissioner for Health", - "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": " Council", - "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": " 750 MEPs", - "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": " five years", - "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": " 750 MEPs", - "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": " 750 MEPs", - "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": " 750 MEPs", - "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": " 750 MEPs", - "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": " five years", - "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": " five years", - "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": " 750 MEPs", - "5726545f708984140094c2a5": " 74 per cent", - "5726545f708984140094c2a6": " 74 per cent", - "5726545f708984140094c2a7": " 55 per cent", - "5726545f708984140094c2a8": " 352 votes", - "5726545f708984140094c2a9": " 55 per cent of the Council members (not votes) representing 65 per cent of the population of the EU: currently this means around 74 per cent", - "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": " 74 per cent", - "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": " 55 per cent", - "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": " 55 per cent", + "5726926a5951b619008f770d": " 2012", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": " European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": " the elected representatives in the Parliament cannot initiate legislation against the Commission's wishes", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": " every five years", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": " 750", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": " the Council of the European Union", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": " Commission", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": " European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": " 1979", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": " every five years", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": " Parliament elections, take place every five years, and votes for Members of the European Parliament", + "5726545f708984140094c2a5": " ministers of the member states", + "5726545f708984140094c2a6": " Donald Tusk", + "5726545f708984140094c2a7": " inversely", + "5726545f708984140094c2a8": " 352", + "5726545f708984140094c2a9": " 74 per cent, or 260", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": " Council", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": " each six months", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": " 352", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": " 55 per cent", - "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": " a majority of all MEPs (not just those present) to block or suggest changes, and the Council must vote by qualified majority", - "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": " by qualified majority", - "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": " A different procedure", - "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": " unless they have been conferred, although there is a debate about the Kompetenz-Kompetenz question", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": " a majority", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": " qualified majority", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": " harder", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": " TEU articles 4 and 5", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": " Court of Justice", - "572695285951b619008f774b": " 4 and 5", - "572695285951b619008f774c": " majority", - "572695285951b619008f774d": " unless they have been conferred, although there is a debate about the Kompetenz-Kompetenz question", - "572695285951b619008f774e": " \"Conciliation Committee", - "572658435951b619008f7025": " Van Gend en Loos, Mangold", - "572658435951b619008f7026": " Van Gend en Loos, Mangold", - "572658435951b619008f7027": " Van Gend en Loos, Mangold", - "572658435951b619008f7028": " English Court of Appeal", - "572658435951b619008f7029": "ure", - "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": " Van Gend en Loos, Mangold", - "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": " Van Gend en Loos, Mangold", - "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": " Van Gend en Loos, Mangold", + "572695285951b619008f774b": " 294", + "572695285951b619008f774c": " a majority in Parliament", + "572695285951b619008f774d": " TEU articles 4 and 5", + "572695285951b619008f774e": "Conciliation Committee", + "572658435951b619008f7025": "The judicial branch", + "572658435951b619008f7026": " Court of Justice of the European Union", + "572658435951b619008f7027": " 28", + "572658435951b619008f7028": " member state courts (the English Court", + "572658435951b619008f7029": " to \"ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed\",", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": " by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": " Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": " General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": " three years", - "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "ure", - "57265e455951b619008f70bb": " domestic legal provisions", - "57265e455951b619008f70bc": " domestic legal provisions", - "57265e455951b619008f70bd": " domestic legal provisions", - "5726975c708984140094cb1f": " domestic legal provisions", - "5726975c708984140094cb20": " domestic legal provisions, however framed... without the legal basis of the community itself being called into question", - "5726975c708984140094cb21": " domestic legal provisions", - "572699db5951b619008f7799": " German constitutional principles. Most other member states have expressed similar reservations", - "572699db5951b619008f779a": " German constitutional principles", - "572699db5951b619008f779b": " German constitutional principles. Most other member states have expressed similar reservations", - "572699db5951b619008f779d": " German constitutional principles. Most other member states have expressed similar reservations. This suggests the EU's legitimacy", - "572699db5951b619008f779c": " German law", - "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": " monetary damages", - "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": " monetary damages", - "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": " judicial review, and judged by standards of proportionality", - "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": " monetary damages", - "57269bb8708984140094cb95": " Italy", - "57269bb8708984140094cb96": " without a good justification", - "57269bb8708984140094cb97": " failing to operate a scheme to pay farmers a premium", - "57269bb8708984140094cb98": " same as Treaty provisions", - "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": " The Court of Justice", - "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": " 28 days", - "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": " 28 days", - "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": " The Court of Justice", - "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": " 10 years, from age 18 to 28", - "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": " 10 years, from age 18 to 28", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": " to \"ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed\",", + "57265e455951b619008f70bb": " EU law", + "57265e455951b619008f70bc": " the nationalisation law was from 1962", + "57265e455951b619008f70bd": " 1962", + "5726975c708984140094cb1f": " European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", + "5726975c708984140094cb20": " 1964", + "5726975c708984140094cb21": " Court of Justice", + "572699db5951b619008f7799": " EU law", + "572699db5951b619008f779a": " foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights", + "572699db5951b619008f779b": " 1972", + "572699db5951b619008f779d": " protects fundamental human rights", + "572699db5951b619008f779c": " democracy, the rule of law and the social state principles", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": " constitutional law concerns the European Union's governance structure, administrative law", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": " 1986", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": " All actions", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": " constitutional law", + "57269bb8708984140094cb95": " Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", + "57269bb8708984140094cb96": " 30", + "57269bb8708984140094cb97": " postal company", + "57269bb8708984140094cb98": " Treaty provisions", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": " Directives", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": " 4", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": " 28", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": " early 1990s", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": " the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": " the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": " 10 years, from age 18 to 28", - "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": " 10 years, from age 18 to 28", - "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": " 10 years, from age 18 to 28", - "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": " Act of Parliament", - "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": " The fact that the incompatible law is an Act of Parliament", - "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": " set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages", - "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": " 6 million", - "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": " the European Court of Justice", - "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": " principles", - "5726a09f708984140094cc39": " one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", - "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": " European Union law by the European Court of Justice", - "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": " the least onerous must be adopted", - "5726a14c708984140094cc51": " The legitimate expectation doctrine holds that and that \"those who act in good faith", - "5726a14c708984140094cc52": " Ex post facto laws", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": " Swedex GmbH & Co KG", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": " 18 to 28", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "Fourth, national courts", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": " incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": " set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages if their employers had gone insolvent", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": " 6 million Lira", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": " European Court of Justice", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": " fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity", + "5726a09f708984140094cc39": " since the 1950s", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": " Article 5", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": " the least onerous", + "5726a14c708984140094cc51": " since the 1960s", + "5726a14c708984140094cc52": " the 1960s", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": " a proper legal basis", - "5726a14c708984140094cc54": " the principles of legal certainty and good faith, is also a central element of the general principle of legal certainty in European Union law. The legitimate expectation doctrine", - "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": " the constitutional traditions common to the member states. Therefore, the European Court of Justice", - "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": " incompatible", + "5726a14c708984140094cc54": " principles of legal certainty and good faith", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": " the constitutional traditions common to the member states", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": " fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", - "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": " The European Court of Justice", - "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": " The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union draws a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms", - "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": " The European Court of Justice", - "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": " The Charter of Fundamental Rights", - "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": " the Charter and the Convention now co-exist under European Union law, though the former is enforced by the European Court of Justice", - "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": " Lisbon Treaty", - "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": " co-exist under European Union law, though the former is enforced by the European Court of Justice", - "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": " the European Court of Justice", - "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": " 30 general principles, including on fair remuneration", - "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": " 30 general principles, including on fair remuneration", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": " member states", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": " 1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": " European Court of Human Rights", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": " 1999", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": " 12 December 2007", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": " Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": " European Union law", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": " European Court of Justice", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": " 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": " 1997", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": " 1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": " 30", - "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": " European Community legislation on these issues in 40 pieces", - "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": " 11 of the then 12 member states. The UK refused to sign the Social Charter", - "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": " The UK", - "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": " \"Social Chapter\"", - "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": " the European Union was to \"support and complement\" the policies of member states. The aims of the Agreement on Social Policy", - "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": " the Agreement on Social Policy", - "5726a5525951b619008f78de": " the Agreement on Social Policy", - "5726a5525951b619008f78df": " 1994 Works Council", - "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": " 10 years following the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", - "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": " 1996 Parental Leave Directive", - "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": " France, Italy", - "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": " article 85", - "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": " anti-competitive agreements, subject to some exemptions, and article 86", - "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": " state aid. Regulations on mergers", - "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "gers", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": " 40", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": " 11", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": " 11 of the then 12 member states. The UK", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter\" of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty - instead, an Agreement on Social Policy", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": " 1992", + "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": " election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997", + "5726a5525951b619008f78de": " 1997", + "5726a5525951b619008f78df": " Works Council Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": " 1996", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": " workforce consultation", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": " France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": " 1951", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": " cartels", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": " Article 65 of the agreement banned cartels and article 66", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": " 1957", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": " Article 101", - "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": " the abuse of dominant position, such as price discrimination and exclusive dealing. Article 102 allows the European Council", - "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": " 106", - "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": " 106", - "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": " fiscal barriers (e.g. different Value Added Tax rates", - "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "four freedoms", - "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": " fiscal barriers (e.g. different Value Added Tax rates", - "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": " fiscal barriers (e.g. different Value Added Tax rates", - "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": " physical barriers", - "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": " public morality", - "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": " public morality", - "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": " public morality", - "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": " Belgian tomato imports", - "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": " public morality", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": " the abuse of dominant position", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": " Articles 106 and 107", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": " Article 102 allows the European Council to regulations to govern mergers between firms (the current regulation is the Regulation 139/2004", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": " 2007", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": " since the Treaty of Rome 1957", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": " consumer prices", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": " people who lack bargaining power", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": " The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": " customs union", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": " parallel importers", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": " private actors", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": " Procureur du Roi v Dassonville", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "trading rules", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": " 25 per cent", - "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": " 15 to 20 per cent", - "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": " Walter Rau Lebensmitt", - "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": " Walter Rau Lebensmitt", - "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": " Walter Rau Lebensmitt", - "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": " Picon beer under wholesale price, was unlawful", - "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": " national courts would decide whether it was justified under article 36 to protect public health", - "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": " misleading commercials for skin care products", - "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": " national courts would decide whether it was justified under article 36 to protect public health", - "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": " vote in local and European elections", - "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": " vote in local and European elections", - "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": " vote in local and European elections", - "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": " plumbing and household duties", - "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": " stay, so long as there was at least an \"indirect quid pro quo\" for the work he did. Having \"worker\" status", - "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": " tax", - "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": " tax. In Finanzamt K\u00f6ln Altstadt", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": " France", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": " Walter Rau Lebensmittelwerke v De Smedt PVBA", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": " Belgian law requiring all margarine", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": " alcohol content", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": " Keck and Mithouard", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": " prevent cut throat competition", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": " Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": " article 36", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": " people to pursue their life goals", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": " European Community", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": " Steymann v Staatssecretaris", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": " stay, so long as there was at least an \"indirect quid pro quo", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": " 1 to 7", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": " Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": " Gaelic", - "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": " tax. In Finanzamt K\u00f6ln Altstadt", - "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": " tax", - "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": " The Court has required that higher education, along with other forms of vocational training, should be more access, albeit with qualifying periods. In Commission v Austria", - "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "fundamental\" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice", - "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": " avoid \"structural, staffing and financial problems", - "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": " higher education, along with other forms of vocational training", - "5726c002708984140094d073": " Commission v Italy", - "5726c002708984140094d074": " lacked Belgian nationality", - "5726c002708984140094d075": " Belgian nationality was unjustified", - "5726c002708984140094d076": " exercise \"official authority", - "5726c002708984140094d077": " lacked Belgian nationality", - "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": " October 2007", - "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": " Franco Frattini", - "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": " some", - "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": " 2005 at the Court of Justice", - "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": " The Court requires that the individual circumstances of a patient justify waiting lists", - "5726c3da708984140094d0da": " National authorities could be justified in refusing to reimburse patients for medical services abroad", - "5726c3da708984140094d0db": " National authorities could be justified in refusing to reimburse patients for medical services abroad", - "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": " National authorities could be justified in refusing to reimburse patients for medical services abroad", - "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": " German court could not deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract in Germany", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": " Angonese v Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": " By contrast in Angonese v Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano", + "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": " the number of social services that people can access wherever they move", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": " Commission v Austria", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": " higher education", + "5726c002708984140094d073": " the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5726c002708984140094d074": " if they were non-discriminatory", + "5726c002708984140094d075": " Reyners v Belgium", + "5726c002708984140094d076": " article 49 has both \"vertical\" and \"horizontal\" direct effect. In Reyners v Belgium", + "5726c002708984140094d077": " Reyners v Belgium", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": " 2006", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": " shipping toxic waste", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": " October 2007", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": " 2005", + "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": " people", + "5726c3da708984140094d0da": " because Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice", + "5726c3da708984140094d0db": " secondary education", + "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": " treatment unnecessary", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": " Daily Mail", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": " \u00a31 of capital", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": " \u00a31 of capital", - "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": " freedom of establishment", - "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": " Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract", - "5725b81b271a42140099d097": " French", - "5725b81b271a42140099d098": " 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500", - "5725b81b271a42140099d099": " 390 billion", - "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": " 390 billion", - "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": " 390 billion", - "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": " French: For\u00eat amazonienne", - "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": " 7,000,000 square kilometres", - "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": " Brazil, with 60%", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": " a company in the UK could admittedly provide services in Denmark without being established there, and there were less restrictive means of achieving the aim of creditor protection", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": " R (Daily Mail and General Trust plc) v HM Treasury", + "5725b81b271a42140099d097": " Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle", + "5725b81b271a42140099d098": " 7,000,000", + "5725b81b271a42140099d099": " nine", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": " nine", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": " over half", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": " Amazoneregenwoud", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": " Brazil", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": " 390 billion", - "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": " 16,000", - "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": " 390", - "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": " 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500", - "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": " 7,000,000 square kilometres", - "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": " Brazil, with 60%", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": " 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": " moist broadleaf forest", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": " 7,000,000", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": " nine", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": " Brazil", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": " 390 billion", - "5725be0f271a42140099d117": " Middle Miocene", - "5725be0f271a42140099d118": " Oligocene", - "5725be0f271a42140099d119": " Middle Miocene", - "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": " the last glacial maximum", - "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": " during these glacial periods", - "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": " Middle Miocene", - "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": " 45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. During the Oligocene", - "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": " Oligocene", - "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": " Middle Miocene", - "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": " during these glacial periods", - "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": " Middle Miocene", - "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": " 45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years", + "5725be0f271a42140099d117": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene", + "5725be0f271a42140099d118": " Climate fluctuations", + "5725be0f271a42140099d119": " the Oligocene", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": " at the last glacial maximum", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": " thrive", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": " 45", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": " Climate fluctuations", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": " Oligocene", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": " retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum. However, the rainforest still managed to thrive", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": " 66\u201334", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": " Middle Miocene", - "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": " Middle Miocene", - "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": " Middle Miocene", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": " 34 million", "5725c071271a42140099d127": " middle of the continent", - "5725c071271a42140099d128": " Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", - "5725c071271a42140099d129": " the Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c071271a42140099d128": " toward the Atlantic", + "5725c071271a42140099d129": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": " mid-Eocene", - "5725c071271a42140099d12b": " mid-Eocene", - "57283d173acd2414000df78f": " middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.", - "57283d173acd2414000df790": " Atlantic, while to the west", - "57283d173acd2414000df791": " Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", - "57283d173acd2414000df792": " Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", - "57283d173acd2414000df793": " lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", - "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": " middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.", - "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": " middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.", - "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": " Atlantic", - "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": " Atlantic", + "5725c071271a42140099d12b": " easterly flow toward the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df78f": " mid-Eocene", + "57283d173acd2414000df790": " Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df791": " Pacific across the Amazonas", + "57283d173acd2414000df792": " Amazonas Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df793": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": " mid-Eocene", + "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": " middle of the continent by the Purus Arch", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": " toward the Atlantic", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": " Pacific across the Amazonas", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", - "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": " lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", - "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": " rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", - "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": " the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia", - "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": " difficult", - "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": " the available data", - "572841772ca10214002da1a6": " the Last Glacial Maximum", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": " Last Glacial Maximum", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": " rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": " that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": " difficult to resolve", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": " reasonably well supported by the available data", + "572841772ca10214002da1a6": " 21,000", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": " the Last Glacial Maximum", - "572841772ca10214002da1a8": " lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", - "572841772ca10214002da1a9": " lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", - "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": " the Last Glacial Maximum", - "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": " rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", - "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": " lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", - "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": " small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", - "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": " the practical limitations", - "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": " 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million tons", - "5725c63438643c19005acca0": " 15", - "5725c63438643c19005acca1": " 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million tons", - "5725c63438643c19005acca2": " 132 million tons", - "5725c63438643c19005acca3": " 43 million", - "5728455bff5b5019007da078": " 182 million tons", - "5728455bff5b5019007da079": " 15", - "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": " 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million tons", - "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": " 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million tons", - "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": " 15", - "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": " 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million tons", - "5729ea263f37b319004785be": " 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", - "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": " 15", - "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": " 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million tons", - "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": " 132 million tons", - "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": " Amazonia: Man and Culture", - "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": " 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre", - "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": " 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre", - "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": " 5 million people", - "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": " 1 million", - "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": " 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre", + "572841772ca10214002da1a8": " sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", + "572841772ca10214002da1a9": " reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": " 21,000 years", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": " sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": " moist tropical", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": " open forest and grassland", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": " the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin", + "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": " CALIPSO", + "5725c63438643c19005acca0": " 182 million", + "5725c63438643c19005acca1": " 1,600", + "5725c63438643c19005acca2": " Atlantic", + "5725c63438643c19005acca3": " 132 million", + "5728455bff5b5019007da078": " CALIPSO satellite", + "5728455bff5b5019007da079": " 182 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": " 182 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": " 182 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": " 182 million tons", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": " CALIPSO", + "5729ea263f37b319004785be": " CALIPSO", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": " 182 million tons", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": " 1,600", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": " 182 million", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": " Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.52/sq mi", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": " agriculture", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": " Amazon rainforest", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": " 5 million", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": " poor soil", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": " Betty Meggers", - "572847dd4b864d19001648be": " 1 million", - "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": " Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "572847dd4b864d19001648be": " 5 million", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": " Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": " Betty Meggers", - "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": " Archeologist Betty Meggers", - "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": " 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre", - "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": " 1 million", - "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": " 1 million and by the early 1980s it was less than 200,000", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": " Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": " 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi)", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": " 5 million", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": " 200,000", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": " Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": " 1540s", - "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": " Francisco de Orellana", - "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": " Francisco de Orellana", - "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": " Francisco de Orellana", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": " diseases from Europe", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": " between AD 0\u20131250", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": " AD 0\u20131250", "5729edd56aef051400155112": " Francisco de Orellana", - "5729edd56aef051400155113": " Francisco de Orellana", + "5729edd56aef051400155113": " 1542", "5729edd56aef051400155114": " AD 0\u20131250", - "5729edd56aef051400155115": " Francisco de Orellana", - "5729edd56aef051400155116": " 11,000 years", - "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": " Michael Heckenberger", - "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": " Michael Heckenberger", - "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": " Michael Heckenberger", - "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": " Michael Heckenberger", + "5729edd56aef051400155115": " Alceu Ranzi", + "5729edd56aef051400155116": " 11,000", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": " agriculture and silviculture", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": " Xingu", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": " Michael Heckenberger", - "5729ef266aef05140015511c": " Michael Heckenberger", - "5729ef266aef05140015511d": " Michael Heckenberger", - "5729ef266aef05140015511e": " Michael Heckenberger", + "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", + "5729ef266aef05140015511d": " agriculture and silviculture", + "5729ef266aef05140015511e": " Xingu tribe", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": " Michael Heckenberger", - "5729ef266aef051400155120": " Michael Heckenberger", - "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": " 2.5 million insect species", - "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": " Amazon, and one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams", - "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": " 2.5 million insect species", - "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": " 2.5 million insect species", - "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": " 2.5 million", - "5729f0db6aef051400155126": " 2.5 million insect species", - "5729f0db6aef051400155127": " 2.5 million insect species", - "5729f0db6aef051400155128": " 2.5 million insect species", - "5729f0db6aef051400155129": " 2.5", - "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": " 2.5 million insect species", - "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": " 1,100", + "5729ef266aef051400155120": " roads, bridges and large plazas", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": " 2.5 million", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": " 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. One in five", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": " 40,000", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": " 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. One in five", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": " between 96,660 and 128,843", + "5729f0db6aef051400155126": " 2.5 million", + "5729f0db6aef051400155127": " 2.5 million", + "5729f0db6aef051400155128": " 40,000", + "5729f0db6aef051400155129": " 378", + "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": " 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. One in five", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "62", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": " 16,000", - "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "247 acres) of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": " 90,790", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": " 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", - "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": " 16,000", - "5729f2646aef051400155130": "62 acres", - "5729f2646aef051400155131": "62 acres", - "5729f2646aef051400155132": "62 acres", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": " 438,000", + "5729f2646aef051400155130": " average", + "5729f2646aef051400155131": "62 acres) of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100", + "5729f2646aef051400155132": "247 acres) of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790", "5729f2646aef051400155133": " 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", - "5729f2646aef051400155134": "247 acres) of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes", - "5729f3831d0469140077967b": " Vampire bats", + "5729f2646aef051400155134": " 438,000", + "5729f3831d0469140077967b": " electric eels", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": " black caiman", - "5729f3831d0469140077967d": " Vampire bats", + "5729f3831d0469140077967d": " piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": " lipophilic alkaloid toxins", - "5729f3831d0469140077967f": " Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus. Malaria", - "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": " visible to the naked eye", - "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": " Deforestation is considerable, and areas cleared of forest are visible to the naked eye", - "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": " visible to the naked eye", - "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": " Deforestation is considerable, and areas cleared of forest are visible to the naked eye", - "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": " visible to the naked eye", - "5729feaf6aef051400155188": " 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres", + "5729f3831d0469140077967f": " Vampire bats", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": " Deforestation", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": " early 1960s", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": " slash and burn method", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": " loss of soil fertility and weed invasion", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": " areas cleared of forest are visible to the naked eye", + "5729feaf6aef051400155188": " 415,000 to 587,000", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": " 415,000 to 587,000", - "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": " 91%", - "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": " 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": " livestock pasture", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": " second-largest", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": " 91%", - "572a005f1d046914007796b7": " 18%", - "572a005f1d046914007796b8": " 18%", - "572a005f1d046914007796b9": " 18%", - "572a005f1d046914007796bb": " 18%", + "572a005f1d046914007796b7": " soy farmers", + "572a005f1d046914007796b8": " increased settlement and deforestation", + "572a005f1d046914007796b9": " 8,646", + "572a005f1d046914007796bb": " an increase", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": " 18%", - "572a020f6aef051400155198": " 10%", - "572a020f6aef051400155199": " Amazonian evergreen forests account for about 10%", - "572a020f6aef05140015519a": " 10%", + "572a020f6aef051400155198": " biodiversity", + "572a020f6aef051400155199": " destruction of the forest", + "572a020f6aef05140015519a": " loss of biodiversity", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": " 10%", - "572a020f6aef05140015519c": " 10%", + "572a020f6aef05140015519c": " 1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": " severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", - "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": " the basin by 2100", - "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": " the basin by 2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": " greenhouse gas", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": " 2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": " 21st century", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": " climate change", - "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": " Peruvian Amazon", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": " indigenous territories", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": " ethno-biology", - "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": " by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon", - "572a064a3f37b31900478660": " the Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival", - "572a064a3f37b31900478661": " rainforest communities", - "572a07c11d046914007796d5": " GPS", - "572a07c11d046914007796d6": " Trio Tribe, who live in the rainforests", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": " deforestation and ecocide", + "572a064a3f37b31900478660": " rainforest communities", + "572a064a3f37b31900478661": " Urarina", + "572a07c11d046914007796d5": " remote sensing", + "572a07c11d046914007796d6": " Trio Tribe", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": " southern Suriname", - "572a07c11d046914007796d8": " Trio Tribe, who live in the rainforests of southern Suriname, map out their ancestral lands to help strengthen their territorial claims", - "572a07c11d046914007796d9": " have clearly defined boundaries", - "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": " classification of tree growth stages", - "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": " tree growth stages", - "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "1) mature forest", - "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "1) mature forest", + "572a07c11d046914007796d8": " help strengthen their territorial claims", + "572a07c11d046914007796d9": " to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": " tree growth stages", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": " biomass", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": " Tatiana Kuplich", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": " 2006", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": " Synthetic aperture radar", - "572a0b101d046914007796e9": " 2006", - "572a0b101d046914007796eb": " three years of drought. Scientists at the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", - "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "tipping point\"", - "572a0b101d046914007796ed": " three years of drought. Scientists at the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", - "572a0b101d046914007796ea": " three years of drought. Scientists at the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", - "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": " 1,160,000 square miles", - "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": " 1,160,000 square miles", - "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": " 1,160,000 square miles", - "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": " 1,160,000 square miles", - "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": " 1.5 gigatons", - "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": " Coelenterata", - "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": " Coelenterata", - "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": " Coelenterata", - "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": " Coelenterata", - "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": " Coelenterata", - "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": " Coelenterata", - "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": " Coelenterata", - "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": " Coelenterata", - "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": " Coelenterata", - "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": " Coelenterata", - "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": " Coelenterata, as both groups rely on water flow", - "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": " Coelenterata", - "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": " Coelenterata", - "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": " 100", - "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": " 100", - "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": " 100", - "5725c337271a42140099d163": " 100", - "5725c337271a42140099d164": " huge mouths", - "5725c337271a42140099d165": " 100", - "5725c337271a42140099d166": " using huge mouths", - "5725c337271a42140099d167": " huge mouths", - "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": " 100", - "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": " huge mouths", - "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": " huge mouths", - "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": " huge mouths", - "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": " 100", - "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": " juveniles", - "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": " planktonic", - "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": " The combination of hermaphroditism and early reproduction enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate", - "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": " The combination of hermaphroditism and early reproduction enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate", - "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": " The combination of hermaphroditism and early reproduction", - "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": " juveniles", - "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": " planktonic", - "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": " juveniles", - "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": " The combination of hermaphroditism and early reproduction enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate", - "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": " The combination of hermaphroditism and early reproduction", - "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": " juveniles", - "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": " planktonic", - "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": " planktonic", - "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": " Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea", - "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": " Mnemi", - "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": " Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks", - "5725c69738643c19005accb9": " Mnemi", - "5725c69738643c19005accba": " Mnemi", - "5725c69738643c19005accbb": " Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse by eating both fish larvae", - "5725c69738643c19005accbc": " summer months", - "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": " summer months", - "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": " Mnemi", - "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": " Mnemi", - "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": " fish stocks", + "572a0b101d046914007796e9": " 2005", + "572a0b101d046914007796eb": " Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", + "572a0b101d046914007796ec": " deforestation on regional climate", + "572a0b101d046914007796ed": " savanna or desert", + "572a0b101d046914007796ea": " Woods Hole Research Center", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": " 2010", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": " 1,160,000", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": " three", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": " 2005", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": " 1.5", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": " comb jellies", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": " marine waters worldwide", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": " 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": " a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": " cilia", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": " water flow through the body cavity", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": " two cells deep", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": " the \u2018combs\u2019", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": " comb jellies", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": " two cells deep", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": " water flow through the body cavity", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": " a phylum of animals that live in marine waters", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": " marine waters worldwide", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": " ten times their own weight", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": " 100\u2013150", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": " 100\u2013150", + "5725c337271a42140099d163": " 100\u2013150", + "5725c337271a42140099d164": " retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla", + "5725c337271a42140099d165": " ten times their own weight", + "5725c337271a42140099d166": " tentacles", + "5725c337271a42140099d167": " huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": " ten times their own weight", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "little tentacles", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": " huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": " egg-shaped bodies and a pair of retractable tentacles", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": " 100\u2013150", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": " hermaphrodites", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": " miniature cydippids", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": " In at least some species, juveniles are capable of reproduction", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": " can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": " produce both eggs and sperm", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": " single animal", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": " platyctenids", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": " The combination of hermaphroditism and early reproduction", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": " can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": " the eggs and sperm mature at different times", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": " platyctenids", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": " beroids", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": " Black Sea", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": " Mnemiopsis", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": " over-fishing and long-term environmental changes", + "5725c69738643c19005accb9": " other ctenophores", + "5725c69738643c19005accba": " it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse", + "5725c69738643c19005accbb": " fish larvae", + "5725c69738643c19005accbc": " coastal locations", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": " coastal locations", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": " Mnemiopsis", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": " fish stocks to collapse", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": " over-fishing and long-term environmental changes", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": " 66 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": " monophyletic", - "5725c91e38643c19005acced": " 66 million years ago", - "5725c91e38643c19005accee": " 66 million years ago", - "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": " 66 million years ago", - "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": " 66 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005acced": " 515 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accee": " no tentacles", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": " 515 million years ago", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": " monophyletic", - "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": " 66 million years ago", - "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": " colloblasts", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": " no tentacles", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "Ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": " colloblasts", - "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": " colloblasts", - "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": " ctenophores and cnidarians have: cells bound by inter-cell connections and carpet-like basement membranes", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": " bilaterians", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": " colloblasts", - "572646655951b619008f6ebf": " colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "Ctenophores", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": " colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": " colloblasts", - "572646655951b619008f6ec2": " inter-cell connections and carpet-like basement membranes", - "572646655951b619008f6ec3": " colloblasts", - "572647d0708984140094c14b": " triploblastic", - "572647d0708984140094c14c": " triploblastic", - "572647d0708984140094c14d": " triploblastic", - "572647d0708984140094c14e": " diploblastic, along with sponges", - "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": " 1 millimeter", - "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "hairs\") as their main method of locomotion", - "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": " \"ctenes,\" stacked along the comb rows", - "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb\" and the Greek suffix -\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 meaning \"carrying\".", - "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": " Coastal species", - "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": " Coastal species", - "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": " Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", - "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": " Coastal species", - "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": " inner surface of the cavity is lined with an epithelium", + "572646655951b619008f6ec2": " ctenophores and cnidarians", + "572646655951b619008f6ec3": " bilaterians", + "572647d0708984140094c14b": " mesoglea", + "572647d0708984140094c14c": " diploblastic", + "572647d0708984140094c14d": " ctenophores", + "572647d0708984140094c14e": " sponges", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": " largest non-colonial animals that use cilia", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": " locomotion", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "ctenes", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "hairs\") as their main method of locomotion", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": " Pleurobrachia", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": " Pleurobrachia", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": " to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": " Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": " an epithelium", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": " bioluminescence", - "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": " ciliated cells", - "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": " ciliated cells", - "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": " mouth and pharynx", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": " cilia and well-developed muscles. In other parts of the canal system, the gastrodermis", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": " a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles; a pharynx", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": " the mouth and pharynx", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": " swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "ctenes", - "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": " the extra compact filament is suspected to have a supporting function", - "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": " in which the mouth is pointing, unlike jellyfish", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": " where the extra compact filament is suspected to have a supporting function", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": " direction in which the mouth is pointing", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": " 2 millimeters", - "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": " from brackish to full-strength seawater", - "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": " increase its bulk and decrease its density, to avoid sinking. Conversely if they move from brackish to full-strength seawater", - "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": " reduce its volume", - "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": " decrease its density, to avoid sinking", - "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": " aboral organ (at the opposite end from the mouth", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": " osmotic pressure to adapt to water of different densities", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": " mesoglea", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": " to increase its bulk and decrease its density", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": " pump this into the mesoglea", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": " aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "at the opposite end from the mouth", - "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": " transparent dome", - "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": " statocyst, a balance sensor", - "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": " transparent dome", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": " a transparent dome", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": " a statocyst, a balance sensor", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": " a balance sensor", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", - "57265746dd62a815002e8219": " a pair of long, slender tentacles", - "57265746dd62a815002e821a": " flattened to various extents, so that they are wider in the plane of the tentacles", - "57265746dd62a815002e821b": " a sheath", - "57265746dd62a815002e821c": " at the narrow end, although some individuals are more uniformly round. From opposite sides of the body extends a pair of long, slender tentacles", - "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": " elongate when relaxed. Euplokamis' tentilla", - "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": " Haeckelia", - "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": " striated muscle, a cell type otherwise unknown in the phylum Ctenophora", - "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": " three types", + "57265746dd62a815002e8219": " long, slender tentacles", + "57265746dd62a815002e821a": " more cylindrical", + "57265746dd62a815002e821b": " sheath", + "57265746dd62a815002e821c": " narrow end", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": " tentilla", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": " specialized mushroom-shaped cells", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": " striated muscle", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": " three", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": " capturing prey", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": " eight", - "572659ea5951b619008f7052": " eight", - "572659ea5951b619008f7053": " near the mouth", - "572659ea5951b619008f7054": " near the mouth", - "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": " four auricles", - "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": " gelatinous", + "572659ea5951b619008f7052": " near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", + "572659ea5951b619008f7053": " round the body", + "572659ea5951b619008f7054": " ciliary groove", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": " lobes", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": " four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": " four", - "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": " gelatinous", - "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": " suspended plankton", - "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": " clapping", - "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": " clapping their lobes, so that the jet of expelled water drives them backwards", - "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": " nerves rather than by water", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": " help direct microscopic prey", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": " suspended planktonic prey", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": " by clapping their lobes", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": " escape from danger by clapping their lobes, so that the jet of expelled water drives them backwards very quickly", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": " nerves rather than by water disturbances", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": " nerves rather than by water disturbances", - "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": " Nuda, have no feeding appendages, but their large pharynx", - "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": " large pharynx", - "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "helial cells", - "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": " pair of narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall", - "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": " Nuda, have no feeding appendages, but their large pharynx", - "57265e97708984140094c3c3": " Velamen", - "57265e97708984140094c3c6": " Velamen", - "57265e97708984140094c3c4": " Velamen", - "57265e97708984140094c3c5": " undulating their bodies as well as by the beating of their comb-rows", - "57265e97708984140094c3c7": " Velamen", - "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": " comb-rows. Platyctenids are usually cryptically colored, live on rocks", - "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": " comb-rows. Platyctenids are usually cryptically colored, live on rocks", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": " Nuda", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": " Beroida", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "zip\" the mouth shut", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "zip\" the mouth shut", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": " no feeding appendages, but their large pharynx", + "57265e97708984140094c3c3": " Cestida", + "57265e97708984140094c3c6": " Cestum veneris", + "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals", + "57265e97708984140094c3c5": " by undulating their bodies", + "57265e97708984140094c3c7": " Velamen parallelum", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": " oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": " muscular \"foot\".", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": " comb-rows", - "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": " rocks", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": " rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates", "572683075951b619008f7513": " via pores in the epidermis", - "572683075951b619008f7514": " self-fertile", - "572683075951b619008f7515": " Self-fertilization has occasionally been seen in species of the genus Mnemi", - "572683075951b619008f7516": " internal canal network", + "572683075951b619008f7514": " internal fertilization and keep the eggs in brood chambers until they hatch", + "572683075951b619008f7515": " Mnemiopsis", + "572683075951b619008f7516": " parts of the internal canal network", "572683075951b619008f7517": " external", "572684365951b619008f753f": " tentacles and tentacle sheaths", - "572684365951b619008f7540": " among the plankton and thus occupy a different ecological niche from their parents and attain the adult form by a more radical metamorphosis", - "572684365951b619008f7541": " dropping to the sea-floor", + "572684365951b619008f7540": " among the plankton", + "572684365951b619008f7541": " by a more radical metamorphosis", "572684365951b619008f7542": " true larvae", - "572684365951b619008f7543": " tentacles", - "572686fc708984140094c8e5": " Euplokamis stationis", - "572686fc708984140094c8e6": " Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea", - "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies. Juveniles", - "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies. Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size", - "5726887e708984140094c917": " Pleurobrachia", + "572684365951b619008f7543": " Beroe", + "572686fc708984140094c8e5": " secretions", + "572686fc708984140094c8e6": " much the same wavelengths", + "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", + "572686fc708984140094c8e8": " adults", + "5726887e708984140094c917": " no vegetarians", "5726887e708984140094c918": " jellyfish", - "5726887e708984140094c919": " Pleurobrachia", - "5726887e708984140094c91a": " swimmers such as rotifers", + "5726887e708984140094c919": " incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles instead of colloblasts", + "5726887e708984140094c91a": " rotifers", "5726887e708984140094c91b": " Lampea", - "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "dead ends", - "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": " gelatinous zooplankton", - "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": " jellyfish", - "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": " gelatinous zooplankton during blooms", - "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": " ctenophores and jellyfish often have large seasonal variations", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": " it was thought their low ratio of organic matter to salt", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": " keta", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": " other ctenophores", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": " Red Sea", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": " ctenophores", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": " eating both fish larvae and small crustaceans", - "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": " North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", - "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": " accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", - "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": " North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", - "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": " 1991 to 1993", - "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": " Cambrian", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": " via the ballast tanks of ships", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": " accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata, and by a cooling of the local climate", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": " late 1980s", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": " slowed the animal's metabolism", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": " soft, gelatinous bodies", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": " comb jelly", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": " mid-Cambrian", - "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": " 505 million", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": " Three additional putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale and other Canadian rocks of similar age, about 505 million", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": " tentacles", - "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": " 515 million", - "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": " Stromatoveris, from China's Chengjiang lager", - "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": " Simon Conway", - "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": " Chengjiang lager", - "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": " Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran", - "57269016708984140094ca41": " Cnidaria", - "57269016708984140094ca42": " Ctenophores and sponges are also the only known animal phyla that lack any true hox genes", - "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": " bilaterians", - "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": " 26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": " 515 million years ago", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": " Cambrian sessile frond-like", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": " Stromatoveris", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": " Vendobionta", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": " Ediacaran", + "57269016708984140094ca41": " Bilateria", + "57269016708984140094ca42": " Porifera", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": " beroids", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": " monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": " 65.5 million years ago", - "572691bedd62a815002e89df": " cnidarians are probably more closely related to bilaterians", - "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": " Fresno", - "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": " San Joaquin Valley", - "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree\"", - "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "ash tree\" in Spanish, and an ash leaf is featured on the city's flag.", - "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "ash tree\" in Spanish", - "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": " Easterby", - "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": " the new community. Fresno became an incorporated city in 1885", - "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "85", - "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": " 47 streetcars", + "572691bedd62a815002e89df": " Richard Harbison", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno (/\u02c8fr\u025bzno\u028a/ FREZ-noh), the county seat of Fresno", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": " 220 miles", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": " ash leaf", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "ash tree\" in Spanish, and an ash leaf", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": " 1872", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": " worried about flooding", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": " 1885", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": " 47", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": " Central Pacific Railroad", - "5725d183271a42140099d23d": " Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy, and Chinatown. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0%", - "5725d183271a42140099d23e": " Little Armenia", - "5725d183271a42140099d23f": " Little Armenia", - "5725d183271a42140099d240": " Japanese Americans to internment camps. The Fresno Fairgrounds", - "5725d183271a42140099d241": " assembly center", - "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": " BankAmericard in Fresno", - "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": " BankAmericard in Fresno", - "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": " BankAmericard in Fresno", - "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": " 1976", - "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": " BankAmericard in Fresno", + "5725d183271a42140099d23d": " 2.7%", + "5725d183271a42140099d23e": " Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy, and Chinatown", + "5725d183271a42140099d23f": " Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno, was the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center", + "5725d183271a42140099d240": " an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area Japanese Americans to internment camps", + "5725d183271a42140099d241": " an assembly center", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": " BankAmericard", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": " BankAmericard", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": " revolve a balance (earlier financial products could do one or the other but not both", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": " 1958", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": " Visa Inc", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": " Bill Aken", - "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": " Bill Aken and recorded by Bob Gallion", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": " Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": " Madera", - "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": " The Fresno Barn.", - "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": " Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga", - "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": " two", - "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": " Kearney Park", - "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": " Woodward Park", - "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": " three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park, which features the Shinzen Japanese Gardens", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": " The Fresno Barn", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": " Lupe Mayorga", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": " three", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": " Roeding Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": " Roeding Park, near Downtown Fresno, is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo, and Rotary Storyland and Playland. Kearney Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": " Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": " Kearney Park", - "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": " 1880s", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": " 1880s and World War II", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": " the original Fresno County Courthouse", - "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": " 1880s and World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric Street Cars", - "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": " 1880s and World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric Street Cars", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": " San Joaquin Light & Power Building", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": " Hughes Hotel", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": " 1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": " Fulton Mall", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": " Pierre-Auguste Renoir", - "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": " Pierre-Auguste Renoir", - "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": " Pierre-Auguste Renoir", - "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": " Chestnut Avenue", - "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": " Kings Canyon Avenue", - "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": " Chestnut Avenue", - "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": " Chestnut Avenue", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": " near their current locations", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": " wide sidewalks", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": " Fresno's far southeast side", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": " Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": " 1950s through the 1970s", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": " Fresno's far southeast side, bounded by Chestnut Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": " William P. Bell", - "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": " the historic Tower Theatre", - "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": " 1916 the college moved to what is now the site of Fresno City College", - "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": " 1916 the college moved to what is now the site of Fresno City College", - "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": " 1916 the college moved to what is now the site of Fresno City College", - "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": " one-half mile north", - "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": " Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater", - "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": " Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": " Tower Theatre", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": " 1939", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": " water tower", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": " Fresno Normal School", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": " one-half mile", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": " late 1970s", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": " second and third run movies", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": " 1978", - "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": " Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater", - "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": " Evita and The Wiz at the theater while she was a high school student. McDonald subsequently became a leading performer on Broadway in New York City", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": " Fresno", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": " Evita and The Wiz", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": " restaurants, live theater and nightclubs", - "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs", - "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": " live theater and nightclubs", - "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": " Olive Avenue, and all within a few hundred feet of each other. Since renewal, the Tower District", - "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": " LGBT and hipster Communities", - "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": " Spanish Colonial Revival", - "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": " Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler", - "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": " the newer areas of tract homes", - "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": " Spanish Colonial Revival", - "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": " 267 homes. This rapid development was no doubt hastened by the Fresno Traction Company right-of-way along Huntington Boulevard", - "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": " 267", - "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": " 267", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": " few hundred feet", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": " Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": " Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": " Tower District", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": " early twentieth century homes", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": " Storybook houses", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": " contrasts", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": " recent decades", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Homes from the early 20th century line this boulevard in the heart of the historic Alta Vista Tract. The section of Huntington Boulevard", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": " William Stranahan", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": " 1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": " 267", - "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": " downtown and the County Hospital", - "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "South", - "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "South", - "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": " African-American community", - "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "South", - "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": " southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave", - "5725f00938643c19005aced7": " early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": " Fresno Traction Company", + "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": " southwest", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": " African-American", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": " Hmong or Laotian", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "West Side\" of Fresno", + "5725f00938643c19005aced7": " M. Theo Kearney", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": " tall palm trees", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": " Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", - "5725f00938643c19005aceda": " Brookhaven, on the southern edge of the West Side south of Jensen and west of Elm, was given the name by the Fresno City Council", - "5725f00938643c19005acedb": " Kearney Boulevard", + "5725f00938643c19005aceda": " Brookhaven", + "5725f00938643c19005acedb": " Brookhaven, on the southern edge of the West Side", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": " between the 1960s and 1990s", - "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": " retail activity, aside from the area near Fresno Street and State Route 99 Freeway (Kearney Palm Shopping Center", - "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": " The Fresno Chandler Executive Airport", - "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": " The neighborhood has very little retail activity, aside from the area near Fresno Street and State Route 99 Freeway (Kearney Palm Shopping Center", - "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": " near Fresno Street", - "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": " home", - "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": " home to the annual CIF(California Interscholastic Federation) State Championship", - "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": " CIF(California Interscholastic Federation) State Championship", - "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": " 22 miles", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": " Fresno and B streets", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": " Foster Farms", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": " West Side", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": " very little", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": " Ralph Woodward", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": " 300 acres", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": " 2,500", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": " 22", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": " April through October", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": " 1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": " William Smilie", - "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": " William Smilie", - "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": " William Smilie", - "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": " residential airport community", - "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": " December, January and February there is an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics. Fresno meteorology", - "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": " January and February", - "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": " 81%", - "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": " December, January and February", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": " Sierra Sky Park Airport", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": " automobiles", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": " numerous", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": " semi-arid climate", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": " December and January", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": " 11.5 inches", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": " northwest", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": " December, January and February", - "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": " 115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C), set on July 8, 1905", - "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": " July 8, 1905", - "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": " 9.54 inches (242.3 mm) in November 1885", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": " 115 \u00b0F", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": " January 6, 1913", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": " November 1885", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": " 2.2 inches", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": " 9.54 inches", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": " 494,665", - "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": " 30.0% of the population in 2010, down from 72.6%", - "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": " 494,665", - "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": " 30", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": " 245,306 (49.6%)", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": " 62,528", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": " 30.0%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": " 494,665", - "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": " 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 69,284", - "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": " 11,698", - "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": " 158", - "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": " 3.07", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": " 68,511", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": " 30,547 (19.3%)", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": " 30,547", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": " 3.62", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": " 3.07", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": " 427,652", - "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": " 140", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": " 97,915", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": " 50.2%", - "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": " 50.2%", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": " a third", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": " 4,097.9 people per square mile", - "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": " KMJ-TV", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": " KMJ-TV", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": " June 1, 1953", - "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": " NBC affiliate KSEE.", - "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": " KMJ-TV", - "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": " Yosemite. State Route 180", - "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": " Sierra Freeway, heads east", - "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": " east", - "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "Kings Canyon Freeway) comes from the west via Mendota, and from the east in Kings Canyon National Park", - "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": " U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway. When the Interstate Highway System was created in the 1950s", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": " NBC affiliate KSEE", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": " KGPE", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": " State Route 99", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": " Sierra Freeway", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "Eisenhower Freeway", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": " west", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": " 1950s", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": " 99", - "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": " signage", - "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": " San Joaquins. The main passenger rail station is the recently renovated historic Santa Fe Railroad Depot", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": " rapidly raising population and traffic in cities along SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": " Amtrak San Joaquins", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": " Downtown Fresno", - "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": " San Joaquin Valley", - "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak San Joaquins. The main passenger rail station is the recently renovated historic Santa Fe Railroad Depot", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": " Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": " San Joaquin Valley Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": " Fresno", - "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": " Distributed Adaptive Message Block", - "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": " Paul Baran", - "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": " Paul Baran", - "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": " Paul Baran", - "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": " Distributed Adaptive Message Block", - "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": " Paul Baran", - "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": " Paul Baran", - "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": " circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate", - "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": " fee", - "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": " circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate", - "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": " pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate", - "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": " fee", - "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": " fee", - "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": " fee", - "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "packet switches or routers). Packets are normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": " Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": " provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": " the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": " coining the modern name packet switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": " Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": " to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": " packet switching", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": " networking paradigm", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": " a fee per unit of connection time", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": " a fee per unit of information transmitted", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": " another principal networking paradigm", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": " dedicated network bandwidth", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": " fee per unit of connection time", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": " contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": " with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": " by intermediate network nodes asynchronously", - "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": " radio", - "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "packet switches or routers). Packets are normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": " according to a multiple access scheme", + "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": " with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": " by intermediate network nodes asynchronously", - "5726356938643c19005ad301": " radio or 10BASE5), the packets may be delivered according to a multiple access scheme", - "5726249538643c19005ad07f": " the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks, first presented to the Air Force in the summer of 1961 as briefing B-265", - "5726249538643c19005ad080": " use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", - "5726249538643c19005ad081": " three", - "5726249538643c19005ad082": " store and forward switching", - "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": " RM 3420", - "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": " use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", - "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": " use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", - "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": " three", - "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "Roger Scantlebury", + "5726356938643c19005ad301": " multiple access scheme", + "5726249538643c19005ad07f": " the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad080": "Baran developed the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad081": " use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", + "5726249538643c19005ad082": " by store and forward switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": " described a general architecture for a large-scale, distributed, survivable communications network", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": " store and forward switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": " distributed adaptive message block switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": " use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": " the same message routing methodology", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": " packet switching", - "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "Roger Scantlebury", - "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "Roger Scantlebury", - "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Roger Scantlebury", - "5726378238643c19005ad314": "Roger Scantlebury", - "5726378238643c19005ad315": "Roger Scantlebury", - "5726385e271a42140099d797": " with a destination address", - "5726385e271a42140099d798": " destination address", - "5726385e271a42140099d799": " destination address", - "5726385e271a42140099d79a": " the original message/data", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": " a nationwide network in the UK", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": " ARPANET", + "5726378238643c19005ad313": " Donald Davies", + "5726378238643c19005ad314": " packet switching", + "5726378238643c19005ad315": " it for use in the ARPANET", + "5726385e271a42140099d797": " complete addressing information", + "5726385e271a42140099d798": " individually", + "5726385e271a42140099d799": " a destination address, source address, and port numbers", + "5726385e271a42140099d79a": " the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": " small", - "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": " Address information", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": " the connection id", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": " address information", - "5726398589a1e219009ac588": " Address information", - "57263b1638643c19005ad333": " layer two", - "57263b1638643c19005ad335": " layer two", - "57263b1638643c19005ad334": " layer two", - "57263b1638643c19005ad336": " layer two", + "5726398589a1e219009ac588": " a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", + "57263b1638643c19005ad333": " a handshake between the communicating parties", + "57263b1638643c19005ad335": " ISDN's layer two protocol", + "57263b1638643c19005ad334": " connection-oriented operations", + "57263b1638643c19005ad336": " Frame relay operates principally at layer two", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": " 1969", - "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": " Two fundamental differences", - "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "UDP)", - "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": " Two fundamental differences", - "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server. The AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses", - "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": " local area networks", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": " Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": " an example of a datagram protocol", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": " virtual call system", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": " a proprietary suite of networking protocols", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": " local area networks to be established ad hoc", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": " addresses", - "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server. The AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses", - "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": " Louis Pouzin", - "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": " Louis Pouzin", - "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": " Louis Pouzin", - "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": " Louis Pouzin", - "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": " Phase II", - "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "1982) evolved into a seven-layer OSI", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": " AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing. It was a plug-n-play", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": " CYCLADES", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": " network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": " unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": " ARPANET architecture", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": " a suite of network protocols", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": " evolved into a seven-layer OSI-compliant networking protocol", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": " seven", - "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": " Phase II (and later) were open standards", - "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": " Kemney", - "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady", - "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": " computer service bureaus, offering batch processing services. They lost money from the beginning, and Sinback, a high-level marketing manager", - "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": " a time-sharing system, based on Kemney", - "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "1980s", - "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": " Merit", - "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "1980s", - "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": " 1973", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": " open standards", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": " high-level marketing manager", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": " lost money", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": " a time-sharing system", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": " Michigan Educational Research Information Triad to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": " Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": " the mid-1980s", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": " the first FCC-licensed public data network", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": " Larry Roberts", - "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": " Larry Roberts", - "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": " Larry Roberts", - "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": " GTE.", - "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": " Mr. Tyme", - "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": " San Jose, CA", - "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": " San Jose, CA", - "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": " Mr. Tyme", - "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": " Mr. Tyme", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": " making ARPANET technology public", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": " X.25", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": " GTE", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": " an international data communications network", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": " host computers (servers)at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": " dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": " build their own dedicated networks", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": " build their own dedicated networks", "572643de5951261400b5195a": " two", "572643de5951261400b5195b": " Bell Northern Research", - "572643de5951261400b5195c": " two kinds", - "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": " financial applications \u2014 the Australian Tax Office made use of AUSTPAC \u2014 and remote terminal access to academic institutions", - "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": " financial applications \u2014 the Australian Tax Office made use of AUSTPAC \u2014 and remote terminal access to academic institutions", - "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": " via a dial-up terminal", - "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": " Strictly speaking Datanet", - "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": " Strictly speaking Datanet", - "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": " Strictly speaking Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines", - "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": " Datanet 1 was used for these services as well. Although this use of the name was incorrect", - "5726462b708984140094c117": "CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation", - "5726462b708984140094c118": "CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation", - "5726462b708984140094c119": " limitations", - "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": " Abilene, in 1998", - "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": " Level 3 Communications", - "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": " Abilene, in 1998", - "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": " Level 3 Communications", - "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": " Abilene", - "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "T1), and 45 Mbit/s (T3) that were constructed to support NSF's networking initiatives from 1985-1995", - "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": " a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and education", - "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": " a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985", - "572648d1708984140094c15d": " April 1995", - "572648d1708984140094c15e": " April 1995", + "572643de5951261400b5195c": " interconnection of national X.25 networks", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": " an Australian public X.25 network", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": " applications such as on-line betting, financial applications \u2014 the Australian Tax Office made use of AUSTPAC \u2014 and remote terminal access to academic institutions", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": " linking a permanent X.25 node to the network", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": " the public switched data network", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": " the network and the connected users", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": " the network and the connected users", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": " all these services were managed by the same people within one department of KPN", + "5726462b708984140094c117": " Computer Science Network", + "5726462b708984140094c118": " to extend networking benefits", + "5726462b708984140094c119": " a computer network", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": " a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": " Qwest", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": " Abilene", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": " Qwest", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": " Internet2 Network", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": " National Science Foundation Network", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": " advanced research and education networking", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": " a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and education", + "572648d1708984140094c15d": " Backbone Network Service", + "572648d1708984140094c15e": " installed one of the first ever production OC-48c (2.5 Gbit/s) IP links", "572648d1708984140094c15f": " MCI Telecommunications", - "572648d1708984140094c160": " April 1995", - "572648d1708984140094c161": " one of the first ever production OC-48c (2.5 Gbit/s) IP links in February 1999", + "572648d1708984140094c160": " 100", + "572648d1708984140094c161": " one of the first ever production OC-48c (2.5 Gbit/s) IP links", "57264684708984140094c123": " Central Asia", - "57264684708984140094c124": " 30\u201360%", + "57264684708984140094c124": " killed 30\u201360% of Europe's total population", "57264684708984140094c125": " 30\u201360%", - "57264684708984140094c126": " 30\u201360%", - "57264684708984140094c127": " 30\u201360%", - "572647935951b619008f6ec9": " enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia", - "572647935951b619008f6eca": " 1338", + "57264684708984140094c126": " 17th century", + "57264684708984140094c127": " 19th century", + "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "common", + "572647935951b619008f6eca": " 1338\u201339", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": " China", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": " 1331", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": " 25 million", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": " Genoese traders", - "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": " Jani Beg was suffering from the disease, the army catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls of Kaffa", - "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": " Jani Beg was suffering from the disease, the army catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls of Kaffa", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": " Jani Beg", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": " the infected corpses", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": " Kaffa", - "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": " Black Death", - "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": " France, Spain", - "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": " France, Spain", - "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": " Kingdom of Poland", - "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": " France", - "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": " Bj\u00f8rgvin (modern Bergen) and Iceland", - "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": " Alexandria", - "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": " Middle East", - "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": " Middle East", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": " war, famine, and weather", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": " east", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": " Russia", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": " alpine villages", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": " France, Spain, Portugal and England", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": " 1349", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": " depopulation", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": " autumn 1347", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": " through the port's trade with Constantinople", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": " north", - "57264a74708984140094c18b": " Danish", - "57264a74708984140094c18c": " 1631", - "57264a74708984140094c18d": " 1631", - "57264a74708984140094c18e": " 1631", - "57264a74708984140094c18f": " 1631", - "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": " Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345", - "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": " Paris in a report to the king of France", + "57264a74708984140094c18b": "Gasquet", + "57264a74708984140094c18c": "Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors", + "57264a74708984140094c18d": "Gasquet", + "57264a74708984140094c18e": " 1823", + "57264a74708984140094c18f": " Germany", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": " bad air", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": " the king of France", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": " Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": " Miasma theory", - "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": " the fleas move on to other hosts, including people, thus creating a human epidemic", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": " Yersinia pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": " Hong Kong in 1894", - "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": " Paul-Louis", - "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": " Paul-Louis Simond and was found to involve the bites of fleas", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": " Yersinia pestis, also responsible for an epidemic that began in southern China", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": " The mechanism by which Y. pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": " two populations of rodents", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": " Francis Aidan Gasquet", - "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": " Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire", - "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": " some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": " 1908", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": " rats and fleas", - "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": " Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": " Justinian plague", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": " 30\u201375%", - "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": " 30\u201375%", - "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": " eight days", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": " 100%.", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": " 80 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": " 30\u201375%", - "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": " Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate near 100%. Symptoms are high fevers and purple skin patches", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": " fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": " October 2010", - "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": " Middle Ages", - "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": " DNA/RNA with Polymerase Chain Reaction", - "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": " the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages", - "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": " Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages", - "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "genetic branches", - "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": " Y. p. oriental", - "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": " Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis, suggesting the plague may have entered Europe in two waves", - "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": " Marseille", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": " Yersinia pestis", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": " Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": " northern, central and southern Europe", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": " Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": " Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": " entered Europe in two waves", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": " November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": " spring of 1349", - "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": " Black Death in medieval Europe", - "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": " Schuenemann", - "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": " medieval Europe", - "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": " medieval Europe", - "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": " the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", - "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": " Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death", - "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": " Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death", - "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": " the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": " confirmed", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": " England", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": " a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": " October 2011", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": " J. F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": " the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": " contemporary accounts were exaggerations", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": " the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": " Samuel K. Cohn", - "5726516a708984140094c223": " an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics", - "5726516a708984140094c224": " reliable statistics", - "5726516a708984140094c225": " 100%", - "5726516a708984140094c226": " no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates", - "5726516a708984140094c227": " between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", - "57265285708984140094c25b": " urban and rural areas", - "57265285708984140094c25c": " urban and rural areas", - "57265285708984140094c25d": " urban and rural areas", - "57265285708984140094c25e": " urban and rural areas", + "5726516a708984140094c223": " an epidemiological account", + "5726516a708984140094c224": " lack of reliable statistics", + "5726516a708984140094c225": " over 100%", + "5726516a708984140094c226": " figures from the clergy", + "5726516a708984140094c227": " 1377", + "57265285708984140094c25b": " insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic", + "57265285708984140094c25c": " marginal significance", + "57265285708984140094c25d": " too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas", + "57265285708984140094c25e": " faster", "57265285708984140094c25f": " 5 to 15 years", - "5726534d708984140094c26d": " the cause was a form of anthrax, and Norman Cantor", - "5726534d708984140094c26e": " Scott and Duncan", - "5726534d708984140094c26f": " Public Health England announced the results of an examination of 25 bodies exhumed from the Clerkenwell area", - "5726534d708984140094c270": "blood poisoning", - "5726534d708984140094c271": " 25 bodies exhumed from the Clerkenwell area", - "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": " 50%", - "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": " 50%", - "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": " less vulnerable to contagion. Monks and priests", + "5726534d708984140094c26d": " a combination of bubonic plague with other diseases", + "5726534d708984140094c26e": " a combination of anthrax and other pandemics", + "5726534d708984140094c26f": " typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections", + "5726534d708984140094c270": "a type of \"blood poisoning", + "5726534d708984140094c271": " 25", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": " 60%", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": " Half of Paris's population of 100,000", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": " pre-planning and Christian burials", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": " 50%", - "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": " Monks and priests", - "572654e2708984140094c2b7": " Geoffrey Parker, \"France alone lost almost a million people to the plague in the epidemic of 1628", - "572654e2708984140094c2b8": " Geoffrey Parker, \"France alone lost almost a million people to the plague in the epidemic of 1628", - "572654e2708984140094c2b9": " Geoffrey Parker, \"France alone lost almost a million people to the plague in the epidemic of 1628", - "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": " 7 million", - "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": " 1479", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": " the most isolated areas", + "572654e2708984140094c2b7": " 14th to 17th centuries", + "572654e2708984140094c2b8": " the plague was present somewhere in Europe", + "572654e2708984140094c2b9": " almost a million", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": " propose a range of preincident population figures", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": " 1350", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": " 10\u201315%", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": " 1665", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": " 40,000", - "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": " Oslo in 1654", - "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": " Oslo in 1654", - "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": " Oslo in 1654", - "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": " 40", - "57265700dd62a815002e820e": " 14%", - "57265700dd62a815002e820f": " 14%", - "57265700dd62a815002e8210": " 14%", - "57265700dd62a815002e8211": " Helsinki, and claimed a third of Stockholm's population. Europe's last major epidemic occurred in 1720 in Marseille", - "57265700dd62a815002e8212": " 1720 in Marseille", - "5726577f708984140094c301": " 1500 and 1850", - "5726577f708984140094c302": " 30 to 50", - "5726577f708984140094c303": " thirty-seven larger and smaller epidemics were recorded in Constantinople, and an additional thirty-one between 1751 and 1800. Baghdad", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": " Russia", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": " Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": " 1654", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": " 22", + "57265700dd62a815002e820e": " 1.7 million", + "57265700dd62a815002e820f": " about half of Naples' 300,000", + "57265700dd62a815002e8210": " 300,000", + "57265700dd62a815002e8211": " Sweden v. Russia", + "57265700dd62a815002e8212": " 1720", + "5726577f708984140094c301": " between 1500 and 1850", + "5726577f708984140094c302": " 30 to 50 thousand", + "5726577f708984140094c303": " until the second quarter of the 19th century", "5726577f708984140094c304": " two-thirds", - "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": " sedimentary, and metamorphic", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": " melt", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": " metamorphic", - "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": " igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": " a new magma", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": " igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", - "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": ": igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", - "57265d08708984140094c397": " rigid upper thermal boundary layer", - "57265d08708984140094c398": " upper mantle", - "57265d08708984140094c399": " the asthenosphere", - "57265d08708984140094c39a": " plate tectonics", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": " redeposited and lithified into a sedimentary rock, or be turned into a metamorphic rock due to heat and pressure", + "57265d08708984140094c397": " seafloor spreading", + "57265d08708984140094c398": " crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle", + "57265d08708984140094c399": " asthenosphere", + "57265d08708984140094c39a": " convection of the mantle", "57265d08708984140094c39b": " 1960s", - "57265f605951b619008f70db": " Arcs of volcanoes", - "57265f605951b619008f70dc": " hydrothermal vents and volcanoes exist, were explained as divergent boundaries, where two plates move apart", - "57265f605951b619008f70dd": " Mid-ocean ridges", - "57265f605951b619008f70de": " the continents move across the surface of the Earth over geologic time. They also provided a driving force for crustal deformation", - "57265f605951b619008f70df": " the convecting mantle", - "57266193dd62a815002e832a": " liquid outer core (where shear waves were not able to propagate) and a dense solid inner core", + "57265f605951b619008f70db": " Mid-ocean ridges", + "57265f605951b619008f70dc": " Arcs", + "57265f605951b619008f70dd": " convergent boundaries, where one plate subducts under another. Transform boundaries", + "57265f605951b619008f70de": " Alfred Wegener", + "57265f605951b619008f70df": " convecting mantle", + "57266193dd62a815002e832a": " arrival times of seismic waves", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": " crust and lithosphere", - "57266193dd62a815002e832d": " crust and lithosphere", - "57266193dd62a815002e832e": " crust and lithosphere", - "57266193dd62a815002e832c": " a crust and lithosphere", - "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": " The Holocene", - "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": " The second, third, and fourth timelines are therefore each subsections of their preceding timeline as indicated by asterisks. The Holocene", - "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": " small", - "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "the latest epoch) is too small", - "572665ff708984140094c4c3": " younger", + "57266193dd62a815002e832d": " 410 and 660", + "57266193dd62a815002e832e": " wave speeds", + "57266193dd62a815002e832c": " crust and lithosphere", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": " most recent eon with an expanded scale. The second scale compresses the most recent era, so the most recent era is expanded in the third scale", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": " second scale shows the most recent eon with an expanded scale. The second", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": " Holocene", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "P) epoch. Q stands for the Quaternary period", + "572665ff708984140094c4c3": " cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": " older", - "572665ff708984140094c4c5": " Finding the key bed in these situations may help determine whether the fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault", - "572665ff708984140094c4c6": " older", - "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": " clasts", + "572665ff708984140094c4c5": " the key bed", + "572665ff708984140094c4c6": " younger", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": " xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": " magma or lava flows", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": " clasts", - "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": " clasts", - "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": " clasts", - "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": " William Smith", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "The principle of inclusions", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": " gravel", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": " faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": " William Smith", - "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": " the same time", - "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": " William Smith almost a hundred years", - "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": " William Smith", - "57266c015951b619008f7237": " 20th century, important advancement in geological science was facilitated by the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events", - "57266c015951b619008f7238": " fossils and stratigraphic correlation", - "57266c015951b619008f7239": " rock units", - "57266c015951b619008f723a": " fossils and stratigraphic correlation", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": " quite complex", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": " presence", + "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": " Charles Darwin", + "57266c015951b619008f7237": " 20th century", + "57266c015951b619008f7238": " geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation", + "57266c015951b619008f7239": " new absolute ages", + "57266c015951b619008f723a": " one another", "57266c015951b619008f723b": " fossil sequences", - "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": " temperature profiles", - "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": " isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice", - "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": " uranium-lead dating", - "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": " radioactive isotopes and calibrate relative dating techniques", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": " Thermochemical techniques", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": " rock passed through its particular closure temperature", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": " isotope ratios", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": " Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": " horizontal compression", - "5726701add62a815002e84c9": " anticlines and synclines, respectively. If some of the units in the fold are facing downward", - "5726701add62a815002e84ca": " anticlines and synclines, respectively. If some of the units in the fold are facing downward", - "5726701add62a815002e84cb": " upwards", - "5726701add62a815002e84cc": " anticlines and synclines, respectively. If some of the units in the fold are facing downward", - "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": " normal faulting", - "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": " boudins, after the French word for \"sausage\",", - "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": " Rocks", - "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": " metamorphosed. These stretched rocks", - "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": " Stretching", - "572673f5708984140094c69b": " Dikes, long, planar igneous intrusions, enter along cracks", - "572673f5708984140094c69c": " large numbers in areas that are being actively deformed. This can result in the emplacement of dike swarms", + "5726701add62a815002e84c9": " shallow crust", + "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "synforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "synforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cc": " anticlines and synclines", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": " boudins", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": " Maria Fold and Thrust Belt", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": " metamorphosed", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": " faulting", + "572673f5708984140094c69b": " Dikes", + "572673f5708984140094c69c": " large numbers in areas that are being actively deformed", "572673f5708984140094c69d": " topographic gradients", - "572673f5708984140094c69e": " topographic gradients, causing material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation to be eroded by hillslopes", - "572673f5708984140094c69f": " Volcanic ashes", - "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": " basaltic lava flows", - "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": " Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada", - "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": " lower rock units", - "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": " lower rock units", + "572673f5708984140094c69e": " Faulting", + "572673f5708984140094c69f": " Deformational events", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": " layered basaltic lava flows", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": " Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": " visible example, the lower rock", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": " Cambrian time", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": " Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada", "572677e7708984140094c723": "the study of rocks", - "572677e7708984140094c724": " sedimentary layers", - "572677e7708984140094c725": "the study of rocks), stratigraphy", - "572677e7708984140094c726": "the study of rocks), stratigraphy", - "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": " rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy", - "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": " electron microprobe, individual locations are analyzed for their exact chemical compositions", - "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": " the geochemical evolution of rock units", - "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": " rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy", - "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": " rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", - "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": " mineral phases appear, and how they change through igneous and metamorphic processes", - "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": " mineral phases appear, and how they change through igneous and metamorphic processes", - "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": " metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks", - "57267d52708984140094c7d9": " crystalline structure", - "57267d52708984140094c7da": " use microscopic analysis", - "57267d52708984140094c7db": " the history of rock deformation", - "57267d52708984140094c7dc": " microscopic analysis", - "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": " along convergent tectonic plate boundaries", + "572677e7708984140094c724": "the study of sedimentary layers", + "572677e7708984140094c725": "the study of positions of rock units", + "572677e7708984140094c726": " soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": " rock samples", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": " birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference properties", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": " geochemical evolution of rock units", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": " the laboratory", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": " optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe. In an optical mineralogy", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": " fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": " fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": " metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization", + "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural geologists", + "57267d52708984140094c7da": " use microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", + "57267d52708984140094c7db": " microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", + "57267d52708984140094c7dc": " analog and numerical", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": " orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": " orogenic wedges", - "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": " horizontal layers of sand are pulled along a lower surface", - "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": " Numerical models", - "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "ical models", - "57268066708984140094c821": " Stratigraphers also analyze data from geophysical surveys", - "57268066708984140094c822": " Ge", - "57268066708984140094c823": " Geophysical data and well logs", - "57268066708984140094c824": " computer programs to do this in three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes", - "57268066708984140094c825": " water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction", - "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": " within the stratigraphic section in order to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": " sand", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "all angles remain the same", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": " Numerical models", + "57268066708984140094c821": " laboratory, stratigraphers", + "57268066708984140094c822": " geophysical surveys", + "57268066708984140094c823": " well logs", + "57268066708984140094c824": " computer programs", + "57268066708984140094c825": " water, coal, and hydrocarbon", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": " to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": " biostratigraphers", - "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": " magnetic reversals", - "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": " within the stratigraphic section", - "572683f95951b619008f7525": " Persia after the Muslim conquests had come to an end. Abu al-Rayhan", - "572683f95951b619008f7526": " Abu al-Rayhan", - "572683f95951b619008f7527": " erosion", - "572683f95951b619008f7528": " Abu al-Rayhan", - "572683f95951b619008f7529": " erosion", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": " Geochronologists", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": " Geochronologists", + "572683f95951b619008f7525": " Persia", + "572683f95951b619008f7526": " Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", + "572683f95951b619008f7527": " Shen Kuo", + "572683f95951b619008f7528": " Ibn Sina", + "572683f95951b619008f7529": " fossil animal shells", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", - "57268527708984140094c8c0": " Theory", + "57268527708984140094c8c0": " Theory of the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c1": " 1795", - "57268527708984140094c8c2": " Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", + "57268527708984140094c8c2": " the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded and for sediments to form new rocks", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": " William Maclure", - "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": " William Maclure", + "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": " 1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": " 1809", - "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": " William Maclure", - "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": " England", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": " Observations on the Geology of the United States", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": " American Philosophical Society", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": " Principles of Geology", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": " uniformitarianism", - "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": " slow geological processes have occurred throughout the Earth's history and are still occurring today. In contrast, catastrophism", - "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": " slow geological processes", - "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": " Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism", - "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "166", - "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "166", - "5726642f5951b619008f7159": " city in Tyne and Wear", - "5726642f5951b619008f715a": " city in Tyne and Wear", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": " uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": " catastrophism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Sir Charles Lyell first published his famous book, Principles of Geology, in 1830. This book, which influenced the thought of Charles Darwin", + "5726642f5951b619008f7157": " 103", + "5726642f5951b619008f7158": " 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277", + "5726642f5951b619008f7159": " English Core Cities Group", + "5726642f5951b619008f715a": " Northumberland", "5726642f5951b619008f715b": " Geordie", - "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": " Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror", - "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": " Roman settlement", - "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": " \u00a313 billion", - "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": " Roman settlement", - "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": " Great North Run, since it began in 1981", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": " Robert Curthose", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": " wool trade", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": " wool trade in the 14th century, and later became a major coal", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": " 16th", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": " Great North Run", "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": " Pons Aelius", - "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": " 73 miles", - "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": " 2,000. Fragments of Hadrian's Wall", - "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": " along the West Road", - "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": " Pictish tribes from the north, not as a fighting line", - "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": " Henry II", - "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": " Henry II", - "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": " 13th century, to defend it from invaders during the Border war against Scotland", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": " River Tyne", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": " 2,000", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": " Hadrian's Wall", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": " Pictish", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": " England", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": " Elizabeth", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": " 25-foot (7.6 m)", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": " William the Lion", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": " three", - "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": " coal from Tyneside", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": " coal", "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": " Hostmen", - "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": " 1538", - "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": " eccentric, defied this idiom. He was persuaded to sail a shipment of coal", - "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": " ruin him; however his shipment arrived on the Tyne during a strike that had crippled local production; unexpectedly he made a considerable profit", - "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": " Sandgate area", - "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": " the waiting colliers, for export to London and elsewhere. In the 1630s", - "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": " 7,000", - "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": " 1636, it is roughly estimated with evidence held by the Society of Antiquaries that 47%", - "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": " Sandgate area", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": " a pointless pursuit", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": " an eccentric", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": " ruin him", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": " their families", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": " for export to London and elsewhere", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": " about 7,000 out of 20,000", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": " one-third", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": " devastating", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": " King", - "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": " Scots", - "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "with roaring drummes", - "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": " Charles I", - "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": " Charles I was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646", - "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": " marine propulsion and the production of cheap electricity. In 1882", - "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "82", - "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": " the seat of an Anglican diocese", - "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": " 1882", - "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": " steam turbine", - "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": " medieval street layout. Narrow alleys", - "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": " Stairs", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": " the Scots", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": " ('with roaring drummes", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": " (\"Triumphing by a brave defence", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": " Charles I", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": " the urbanization of the city", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": " Maling company", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": " electric lighting. Innovations in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the development of safety lamps", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": " prosperity", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": " the steam turbine", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": " medieval", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": " alleys", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": " Stairs", - "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": " modern buildings as well as structures dating from the 15th\u201318th centuries, including Bessie Surtees House", - "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": " Stairs from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre", - "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": " Nikolaus Pevsner", - "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": " Nikolaus Pevsner", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": " modern buildings", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": " a restaurant situated at a Grade I-listed 16th century merchant's house", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": " neoclassical centre", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": " England's best-looking city", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": " Grey Street", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": " 1960s", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": " Shopping Centre", - "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": " the Town Moor, lying immediately north of the city centre. It is larger than London's famous Hyde Park", - "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": " Bob Geldof, King Harald V of Norway", - "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": " June", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": " Town Moor", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": " graze", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": " Hoppings funfair", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": " June", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": " King Harald V of Norway", - "57267076708984140094c601": " The River Tyne", - "57267076708984140094c602": " by Gateshead Council", - "57267076708984140094c603": " regeneration", - "57267076708984140094c604": " \"NewcastleGateshead", - "57267076708984140094c605": " ten days", + "57267076708984140094c601": " imposing new office developments", + "57267076708984140094c602": " Gateshead Council", + "57267076708984140094c603": " Gateshead Council", + "57267076708984140094c604": " to spearhead the regeneration of the North-East", + "57267076708984140094c605": " ten", "572671165951b619008f72b7": " Grainger Town area", - "572671165951b619008f72b8": " 1835 and 1842, some of Newcastle upon Tyne's finest buildings and streets lie within this area of the city centre including Grainger Market", - "572671165951b619008f72b9": " 450 buildings, 244", + "572671165951b619008f72b8": " between 1835 and 1842", + "572671165951b619008f72b9": " four stories", "572671165951b619008f72ba": " 244", - "572671e55951b619008f72d7": " the Butcher Market", - "572671e55951b619008f72d8": " Grainger Market replaced an earlier market originally built in 1808 called the Butcher Market", + "572671e55951b619008f72d7": " Butcher Market", + "572671e55951b619008f72d8": " 1835", "572671e55951b619008f72d9": " 2000", - "572671e55951b619008f72da": " Butcher Market", + "572671e55951b619008f72da": " a painting of this event", "572671e55951b619008f72db": " English Heritage", "57267383dd62a815002e8552": " oceanic", - "57267383dd62a815002e8553": " inland Scandinavia", + "57267383dd62a815002e8553": " warming", "57267383dd62a815002e8554": " rain shadow", - "57267383dd62a815002e8555": " August 1990", - "57267383dd62a815002e8556": " British Isles", - "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": " The largest of these is the Eldon Square", - "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": " Square", - "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": " Apple", - "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": " department, giving birth to the name department store. Eldon Square", - "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": " March 2007", - "5726769c708984140094c711": " Grainger Street", - "5726769c708984140094c712": " Grainger Street", - "5726769c708984140094c713": " Grainger Street", - "5726769c708984140094c714": " Grainger Street", - "5726769c708984140094c715": " Grainger Street", - "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": " South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats were built as terraces", - "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": " South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats were built as terraces", - "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": " South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats were built as terraces", - "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": " South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats were built as terraces", - "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": " South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats were built as terraces", - "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": " 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", - "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": " housing stock", - "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": " Oxford and Reading, greater than Manchester and Liverpool and below a handful of historic densely occupied, arguably overinflated markets", - "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": " Cheltenham", - "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": " inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tunbridge Wells", - "572679c35951b619008f73db": " 1,076,000", - "572679c35951b619008f73dc": " 189,863", + "57267383dd62a815002e8555": " January 1982", + "57267383dd62a815002e8556": " the remainder of the British Isles", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": " 2010", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": " Eldon Square Shopping Centre", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": " Bainbridge's", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": " by department", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": " 2007", + "5726769c708984140094c711": " shopping", + "5726769c708984140094c712": " suburban", + "5726769c708984140094c713": " Tesco", + "5726769c708984140094c714": " MetroCentre", + "5726769c708984140094c715": " Gateshead", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": " Tyneside flat", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": " terraces", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": " Ouseburn valley", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": " Architects", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": " A new development in the Ouseburn valley has recreated them; Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula were attracted by the possibilities of high density", + "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": " 7.8%),", + "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": " 5.9%,", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": " historic densely occupied, arguably overinflated markets", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": " inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tunbridge Wells", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": " Oxford and Reading, greater than Manchester and Liverpool", + "572679c35951b619008f73db": " 2001", + "572679c35951b619008f73dc": " Newcastle", "572679c35951b619008f73dd": " student population", - "572679c35951b619008f73de": " 1,076,000", - "572679c35951b619008f73df": " Jesmond and Heaton.", - "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": " 37", - "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": " Scottish or Irish", - "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": " Armstrong", - "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": " 1%", + "572679c35951b619008f73de": " student population with Newcastle and Northumbria Universities", + "572679c35951b619008f73df": " student populations", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": " 37.8", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": " Scottish or Irish ancestors", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": " Border Reiver", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": " 500 and 2,000", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": " 1%", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": " Geordie", - "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": " Roman", - "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": " Anglo-Saxon populations", - "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "larn\"", - "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "larn\" (from the Anglo-Saxon \"laeran\", meaning \"teach\"), \"burn\" (\"stream\") and \"gan\"", - "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": " \"child\" and \"home\", respectively, are examples of Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", - "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "bonny\"", - "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "bonny\"", - "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": " \"Canny\"", - "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": " Scots", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": " Anglo-Saxon populations", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": " Modern English", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "teach", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "stream", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": " Scandinavia", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": " elsewhere in the Northern United Kingdom", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "go away\" or \"you're kidding\"), all appear to be used in Scots", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "Canny", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": " Dutch gooien", "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": " Ear Institute at the University College London", - "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": " 80.4 decibels", + "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": " noisiest", "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": " 80.4 decibels", - "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": " Ear Institute", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": " negative", "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": " motorway underpass", - "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": " Neville Street", - "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": " Neville Street", - "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": " Collingwood Street", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": " a new indoor complex consisting of bars, upmarket clubs, restaurants and a 12-screen Empire multiplex cinema", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": " 12", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "The Pink Triangle", - "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": " the Times Square", - "57267f695951b619008f74bd": " Stephen Kemble", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": " bars, caf\u00e9s and clubs", + "57267f695951b619008f74bd": " theatre", "57267f695951b619008f74be": " Stephen Kemble", - "57267f695951b619008f74bf": " The original Theatre Royal in Newcastle was opened on 21 January 1788", + "57267f695951b619008f74bf": " many celebrated seasons", "57267f695951b619008f74c0": " 21 January 1788", - "57267f695951b619008f74c1": " 21 January 1788 and was located on Mosley Street", - "5726800add62a815002e8750": " Theatre Royal on Grey Street", - "5726800add62a815002e8751": " John and Benjamin Green", - "5726800add62a815002e8752": " John and Benjamin Green", - "5726800add62a815002e8753": " Theatre Royal on Grey Street", - "5726800add62a815002e8754": " arts capital of the UK", - "572680865951b619008f74e7": " outside London, housing more than 150,000 books. Its music library", - "572680865951b619008f74e8": " The current Lit and Phil premises were built in 1825 and the building was designed by John and Benjamin Green", + "57267f695951b619008f74c1": " Mosley Street", + "5726800add62a815002e8750": " theatres", + "5726800add62a815002e8751": " Theatre Royal", + "5726800add62a815002e8752": " Royal Shakespeare Company", + "5726800add62a815002e8753": " local talent", + "5726800add62a815002e8754": " the arts capital of the UK", + "572680865951b619008f74e7": "The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle", + "572680865951b619008f74e8": " 8000", "572680865951b619008f74e9": " John and Benjamin Green", - "572680865951b619008f74ea": " Joseph Swan", + "572680865951b619008f74ea": " the building was designed by John and Benjamin Green. Operating since 1793 and founded as a \u2018conversation club,\u2019 its lecture theatre", "572680865951b619008f74eb": " Joseph Swan", - "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": " April. In May, Newcastle and Gateshead host the Evolution Festival", - "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": " April", - "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": " April", - "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": " April. In May, Newcastle and Gateshead host the Evolution Festival", - "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": " mid June", - "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": " Newcastle Town Moor every June. The event has its origins in the Temperance Movement", - "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": " Newcastle Town", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": " Newcastle Beer Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": " April. In May", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": " March", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": " 2", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": "The Hoppings", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": " June", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": " Temperance Movement", - "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": " cycling festival, takes place within, or starting from, Newcastle in June. The Northern Pride Festival", - "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": " Temperance Movement", - "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": " two", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": " cycling", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": " Northern Pride Festival and Parade", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": "Newcastle Mela", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": " Norman Foster designed Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre", - "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": " August bank holiday weekend", - "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": " Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead", - "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": " blending drama, music and food from Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead", - "5726847f708984140094c8ab": " Skyclad", - "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "1971), was covered by Geordie ex-footballer Paul Gascoigne", - "5726847f708984140094c8ad": " Skyclad, often regarded as the first folk metal band, also formed in Newcastle after the break-up of Martin Walkyier", - "5726847f708984140094c8ae": " Skyclad, often regarded as the first folk metal band, also formed in Newcastle after the break-up of Martin Walkyier", - "5726847f708984140094c8af": " Skyclad", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": " Design Event festival", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": " East Asian", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": " NewcastleGateshead", + "5726847f708984140094c8ab": " folk-rock", + "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "1971", + "5726847f708984140094c8ad": " Skyclad", + "5726847f708984140094c8ae": " Skyclad", + "5726847f708984140094c8af": " Duran Duran", "57268525dd62a815002e8806": " November 2006 and May 2008", "57268525dd62a815002e8807": " Old Town Hall", "57268525dd62a815002e8808": " three", - "57268525dd62a815002e8809": " Old Town Hall", - "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "The Pilgrim Street building", - "57268692dd62a815002e8826": " several museums", - "57268692dd62a815002e8827": " Centre for Life with its Science Village; the Discovery Museum a museum highlighting life on Tyneside", - "57268692dd62a815002e8828": " several museums and galleries", - "57268692dd62a815002e8829": " Centre for Life", - "57268692dd62a815002e882a": " Centre for Life", + "57268525dd62a815002e8809": " Classic", + "57268525dd62a815002e880a": " Old Town Hall, Gateshead", + "57268692dd62a815002e8826": " Newcastle", + "57268692dd62a815002e8827": " life on Tyneside", + "57268692dd62a815002e8828": " shipbuilding heritage", + "57268692dd62a815002e8829": " 2009", + "57268692dd62a815002e882a": " Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": " On the Night of the Fire", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": " Get Carter", - "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": " Mike Figgis", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": " thriller", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": " Mike Figgis", - "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": " Mike Figgis and starring Tommy Lee Jones", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": " Tommy Lee Jones", "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": " Gosforth Park", - "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": " Gosforth Park", - "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": " Diamonds are based at Brough Park", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": " Newcastle Eagles", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": " Newcastle Diamonds", "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": " Gosforth Park", - "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": " 5.9-mile (9.5 km) Blaydon Race", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": " Blaydon Race", "57268885dd62a815002e886a": " 6 miles", - "57268885dd62a815002e886b": " the Metro Light Rail system", - "57268885dd62a815002e886c": " 6 miles", - "57268885dd62a815002e886d": " 6 miles", - "57268885dd62a815002e886e": " 6 miles", - "572689385951b619008f761b": " Glazing was placed over the historic arches and the Victorian architecture was enhanced; transforming the 19th century public portico", + "57268885dd62a815002e886b": " via the Metro Light Rail system", + "57268885dd62a815002e886c": " 20 minutes", + "57268885dd62a815002e886d": " over five million", + "57268885dd62a815002e886e": " 15 million", + "572689385951b619008f761b": " work was completed on the stations historic entrance. Glazing", "572689385951b619008f761c": " six", - "572689385951b619008f761d": " 1850 by Queen Victoria", + "572689385951b619008f761d": " Queen Victoria", "572689385951b619008f761e": " Robert Stephenson", - "572689385951b619008f761f": " Man", - "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": " three", - "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": " three", - "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": " three hours", - "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": " three", - "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": " three hours, these services call at Durham", - "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": " the Tyne and Wear Metro", + "572689385951b619008f761f": " Manors", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": " three hours", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": " three hours", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": " Edinburgh", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": " CrossCountry trains", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": " Northern Rail", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": " Tyne and Wear Metro", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": " five", - "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": " A bridge was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead", - "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": " 1981", - "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": " five", - "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "Metro: All Change.'", - "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "Metro: All Change.' The programme has replaced all ticket machines and introduced ticket gates at the busiest stations", - "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "Metro: All Change.'", - "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "Metro", - "57268bb25951b619008f7649": " light rail trains", - "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": " north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19 heading south", - "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": " A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19 heading south past Sunderland", - "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": " \"Great North Road", - "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": " the new line of the A1, the roads between this and the A1's former alignment through the Tyne Tunnel", - "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": " the capacity of the Tyne Tunnel", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": " deep-level tunnels", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": " A bridge", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": " 37 million", + "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "Metro: All Change", + "57268bb25951b619008f7646": " smart ticketing", + "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "Metro: All Change.' The programme has replaced all ticket machines", + "57268bb25951b619008f7648": " an entirely new fleet of trains", + "57268bb25951b619008f7649": " trams", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": " A1", + "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": " A69", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "Great North Road", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": " the new line of the A1", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": " capacity of the Tyne Tunnel", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": " 3", - "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": " Haymarket bus station and Eldon Square", - "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": " Haymarket bus station and Eldon Square bus station. Arriva mainly operates from Haymarket Bus Station", - "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": " Stagecoach", - "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": " Stagecoach", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": " two", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": " Stagecoach", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": " the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": " Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach", "57269120708984140094ca59": " 1998", - "57269120708984140094ca5a": " social aims and objectives", - "57269120708984140094ca5b": " cut city congestion", + "57269120708984140094ca5a": " highlighting the usage of cycling", + "57269120708984140094ca5b": " healthy", "57269120708984140094ca5c": " one way streets", - "57269120708984140094ca5d": " social aims and objectives", - "5726934f5951b619008f771d": " North Shields, Danish DFDS Seaways run a service to IJmuiden", - "5726934f5951b619008f771e": " North Shields, Danish DFDS Seaways run a service to IJmuiden (near Amsterdam). The DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg", - "5726934f5951b619008f771f": " high fuel prices", + "57269120708984140094ca5d": " national networks", + "5726934f5951b619008f771d": " Danish DFDS Seaways", + "5726934f5951b619008f771e": " October 2006", + "5726934f5951b619008f771f": " high fuel prices and new competition from low-cost air services", "5726934f5951b619008f7720": " 2008", - "5726934f5951b619008f7721": " Norwegian and Fjords", - "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": " eleven LEA-funded 11 to 18 schools and seven", - "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": " eleven", + "5726934f5951b619008f7721": " Thomson cruise lines", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": " eleven", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": " seven", "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": " Royal Grammar School", - "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": " St Cuthbert's High School", - "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": " Sacred Heart", - "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": " two universities \u2014 Newcastle University and Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine", - "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": " Newcastle University and Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine", - "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": " School of Medicine", - "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": " Newcastle University and Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine", - "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": " Newcastle University and Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": " Newcastle College", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": " Catholic", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": " two", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": " Newcastle University and Northumbria University", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": " Sunday Times University of the Year award", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": " polytechnics became new universities", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": " Northumbria University", "572699b55951b619008f778f": " three", "572699b55951b619008f7790": " 1474", - "572699b55951b619008f7791": " St Mary's", - "572699b55951b619008f7792": " St Mary's", + "572699b55951b619008f7791": " Roman Catholic St. Mary's designed by Augustus Welby Pugin and the Coptic Cathedral", + "572699b55951b619008f7792": " St Nicholas", "572699b55951b619008f7793": " parish churches", - "57269b165951b619008f77b3": " St Andrew", - "57269b165951b619008f77b4": " Three", - "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "the oldest church in this town'. The present building was begun in the 12th Century", + "57269b165951b619008f77b3": "The Parish Church of St Andrew", + "57269b165951b619008f77b4": " 1726", + "57269b165951b619008f77b5": " the main porch", "57269b165951b619008f77b6": " the last of the ancient churchyards", - "57269b165951b619008f77b7": " Scots who finally breached the Town Wall", - "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": " City", - "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": " City", - "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": " The Tube", - "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": " the result of its colouring, as the Pink Palace", + "57269b165951b619008f77b7": " The church tower", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": " City Road", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": " The Watermark business park", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": " The entrance to studio 5", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": " its colouring", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": " BBC Radio Newcastle", - "57269d745951b619008f77d7": " full-time community radio station in the area. Newcastle Student Radio", - "57269d745951b619008f77d8": " 8 June 2007, the first full-time community radio station in the area. Newcastle Student Radio", - "57269d745951b619008f77d9": " Radio Tyneside has been the voluntary hospital radio service for most hospitals across Newcastle and Gateshead", - "57269d745951b619008f77da": " Newcastle Student Radio", - "57269d745951b619008f77db": " by students from both of the city's universities, broadcasting from Newcastle University's student's union building", + "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", + "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "NE1fm launched on 8 June 2007, the first full-time community radio station in the area. Newcastle Student Radio", + "57269d745951b619008f77d9": " most hospitals across Newcastle and Gateshead since 1951", + "57269d745951b619008f77da": " Radio Lollipop", + "57269d745951b619008f77db": " Newcastle University's student's union building", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": " 1770", - "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "Charles Avison", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": " Archbishop of Westminster", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": " George Stephenson", - "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": " Basil Hume", - "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Charles Avison", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": " incandescent light bulb", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": " Thailand", "57269fab5951b619008f7807": " Rutherford Grammar School", - "57269fab5951b619008f7808": " David Scott Cowper", - "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "Musicians Eric Burdon", - "57269fab5951b619008f780a": " Northumbrian smallpipes", - "57269fab5951b619008f780b": " John Dunn", - "5726710b708984140094c61d": " Brompton district", - "5726710b708984140094c61e": " Brompton district", + "57269fab5951b619008f7808": " actors", + "57269fab5951b619008f7809": " Nobel Prize", + "57269fab5951b619008f780a": " keyed Northumbrian smallpipes", + "57269fab5951b619008f780b": " Newcastle", + "5726710b708984140094c61d": " Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington", + "5726710b708984140094c61e": " over 4.5 million", "5726710b708984140094c61f": " 1852", - "5726710b708984140094c620": " Queen Victoria", - "572680ac708984140094c83d": " Brompton district", + "5726710b708984140094c620": " Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "572680ac708984140094c83d": " Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington", "572680ac708984140094c83e": " 1852", "572680ac708984140094c83f": " Queen Victoria", - "572680ac708984140094c840": " the Department for Culture", - "572680ac708984140094c841": "The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A), London, is the world's largest museum of decorative arts", - "57268294708984140094c877": "51,000", - "57268294708984140094c878": " 12.5 acres", - "57268294708984140094c879": " 12.5 acres", - "57268294708984140094c87a": " 145 galleries. Its collection spans 5,000 years of art, from ancient times to the present day, from the cultures of Europe", - "57268294708984140094c87b": " 12.5 acres", - "572685cd5951b619008f7573": " Henry Cole", + "572680ac708984140094c840": " Department for Culture, Media and Sport", + "572680ac708984140094c841": " 2001", + "57268294708984140094c877": " 12.5 acres", + "57268294708984140094c878": " 145", + "57268294708984140094c879": " 5,000", + "57268294708984140094c87a": " Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa", + "57268294708984140094c87b": " post-classical sculpture", + "572685cd5951b619008f7573": " Great Exhibition of 1851", "572685cd5951b619008f7574": " Henry Cole", - "572685cd5951b619008f7575": " Henry Cole, the museum's first director, was involved in planning; initially it was known as the Museum of Manufactures", - "572685cd5951b619008f7576": " South Kensington Museum", - "572685cd5951b619008f7577": " Henry Cole", - "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": " George Wall", + "572685cd5951b619008f7575": " Museum of Manufactures", + "572685cd5951b619008f7576": " Somerset House", + "572685cd5951b619008f7577": " Gottfried Semper", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": " Queen Victoria", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": " 22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": " George Wallis", - "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": " 1893", - "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": " 1893", - "57268f2c708984140094ca25": " September and November 1946", - "57268f2c708984140094ca26": " a million", - "57268f2c708984140094ca27": " the Council of Industrial Design", - "57268f2c708984140094ca28": " the planning of the Festival of Britain (1951). By 1948", - "57268f2c708984140094ca29": " the museum.", - "572691d7708984140094ca6d": " Gryphon", - "572691d7708984140094ca6e": " Gryphon", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": " late night openings", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": " 1949", + "57268f2c708984140094ca25": " between September and November 1946", + "57268f2c708984140094ca26": " nearly a million and a half", + "57268f2c708984140094ca27": " Council of Industrial Design", + "57268f2c708984140094ca28": " Festival of Britain", + "57268f2c708984140094ca29": " 1948", + "572691d7708984140094ca6d": " rock concert", + "572691d7708984140094ca6e": " the V&A became the first museum in Britain to present a rock concert", "572691d7708984140094ca6f": " Roy Strong", - "572691d7708984140094ca70": " Gryphon, who explored the lineage of mediaeval music and instrumentation", - "57269656708984140094cafd": " \u00a343 million gallery in Dundee", + "572691d7708984140094ca70": " British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon, who explored the lineage of mediaeval music", + "57269656708984140094cafd": " Dundee", "57269656708984140094cafe": " \u00a376 million", - "57269656708984140094caff": " V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay, Dundee City Council", + "57269656708984140094caff": " the city's waterfront", "57269656708984140094cb00": " fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography", - "57269656708984140094cb01": " V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay, Dundee City Council", - "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": " Secretariat Wing", - "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": " Sheepshanks Gallery in 1857", - "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": " 1858", + "57269656708984140094cb01": " five years", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": " Sheepshanks Gallery", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": " Sheepshanks Gallery", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": " Captain Francis Fowke", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": " June 1862", - "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": " 1862", - "57269c06708984140094cba1": " Michelangelo (sculpture); Titian", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": " the offices and board room", + "57269c06708984140094cba1": " Owen Jones", "57269c06708984140094cba2": " Italian Renaissance", - "57269c06708984140094cba3": " James Gamble", - "57269c06708984140094cba4": " James Gamble", - "57269c06708984140094cba5": " James Gamble", - "57269d68708984140094cbd7": " Philip Webb", - "57269d68708984140094cbd8": " Philip Webb", - "57269d68708984140094cbd9": " 1865\u201377", + "57269c06708984140094cba3": " James Gamble & Reuben Townroe", + "57269c06708984140094cba4": " James Gamble & Reuben Townroe", + "57269c06708984140094cba5": " James Gamble & Reuben Townroe", + "57269d68708984140094cbd7": " Philip Webb and William Morris", + "57269d68708984140094cbd8": " Edward Burne-Jones", + "57269d68708984140094cbd9": " James Gamble", "57269d68708984140094cbda": " Alfred Stevens", - "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "76", - "5726a0205951b619008f781b": " Henry Young", - "5726a0205951b619008f781c": " 1867\u201372", - "5726a0205951b619008f781d": " 7 feet", - "5726a0205951b619008f781e": " 1867\u201372", + "57269d68708984140094cbdb": " Sir Edward Poynter", + "5726a0205951b619008f781b": " Colonel (later Major General) Henry Young Darracott Scott", + "5726a0205951b619008f781c": " science schools", + "5726a0205951b619008f781d": " Cadeby stone", + "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "prints, drawings, paintings and photographs", "5726a0205951b619008f781f": " 2008", - "5726a2445951b619008f7861": " Alfred Waterhouse", - "5726a2445951b619008f7862": " Alfred Waterhouse", - "5726a2445951b619008f7863": " Alfred Waterhouse", - "5726a2445951b619008f7864": " Alfred Waterhouse", - "5726a2445951b619008f7865": " Alfred Waterhouse", - "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": " red brick and Portland stone", - "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": " red brick", + "5726a2445951b619008f7861": " sgraffito", + "5726a2445951b619008f7862": " F. W. Moody", + "5726a2445951b619008f7863": " southeast", + "5726a2445951b619008f7864": " south side of the garden", + "5726a2445951b619008f7865": " F. W. Moody", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": " Aston Webb", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": " red brick and Portland stone", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": " 720 feet", - "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": " a series of shallow arches", - "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": " a series of shallow arches supported by slender columns", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": " open work crown", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": " open work crown", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": " Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": " four", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": " Alfred Drury", - "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": " white with restrained classical detail", - "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": " Queen Victoria", - "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": " Henry Cole wing from the Royal College of Science", - "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": " Henry Cole wing from the Royal College of Science", - "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": " Royal College of Science", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": " marble", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Prince Albert", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": " Art Library", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": " Henry Cole wing", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": " a new entrance building", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": " Christopher Hay and Douglas Coyne", - "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": " Spiral, between 1978 and 1982", - "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": " Gareth Hoskins", - "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": " Gareth Hoskins", - "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": " Gareth Hoskins", - "5726afeb708984140094cdda": " Gareth Hoskins", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": " a new entrance building", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": " Indian, Japanese, Chinese, iron work, the main glass galleries and the main silverware gallery", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": " mosaic floors", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "FuturePlan", + "5726afeb708984140094cdda": " South Kensington", "5726afeb708984140094cddb": " Gareth Hoskins", "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": " Kim Wilkie", - "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": " Kim Wilkie", - "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": " lined in stone", - "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": " the area for receptions, gatherings or exhibition purposes", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": " John Madejski Garden", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": " elliptical", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": " receptions, gatherings or exhibition purposes", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": " American Sweetgum", - "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": " V&A alongside Royal Institute of British Architects", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": " 2004", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": " Royal Institute of British Architects", - "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": " 600", - "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": " V&A alongside Royal Institute of British Architects", - "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": " 600", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": " 600,000", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": " RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": " 700,000", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": " Andrea Palladio", - "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": " Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", - "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": " Jacques Gentilhatre", - "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": " European (especially Italian) and American architects' drawings are held in the collection. The RIBA's holdings of over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio", - "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": " European (especially Italian) and American architects' drawings are held in the collection. The RIBA's holdings of over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio", - "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": " parts of buildings, for example the two top stories of the facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600 from Bishopsgate", - "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": " the Great Fire of London", - "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": "1600", - "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": " Montal.", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": " Alfred Waterhouse, Sir Edwin Lutyens", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": " 330", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": " Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": " Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": " the two top stories of the facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600 from Bishopsgate", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": " Great Fire of London", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": " c1600", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": " Montal", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": " Alhambra", - "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": " Middle Eastern and Persian rugs", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": " 19,000", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": " 2006", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": " Ardabil Carpet", - "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": " Samarkand", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": " Spain", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": " 1909", - "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": " 60", - "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": " 60", - "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": " 60", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": " 60,000", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": " 10,000", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": " 10,000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": " 1991", - "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": " 1991", - "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": " 70", - "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": " 70,000 works of art from the countries of East Asia: China, Japan and Korea. The T. T. Tsui Gallery", - "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": " Ming and Qing dynasties", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": " Jawaharlal Nehru gallery", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": " 70,000", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": " East Asia: China, Japan and Korea", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": " T. T. Tsui Gallery", "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": " 1991", - "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": " Ming and Qing dynasties", - "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": " Suzuki Chokichi", - "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": " December 1986", - "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": " Suzuki Chokichi's bronze incense burner (koro) dated 1875", - "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": " Suzuki Chokichi's bronze incense burner (koro) dated 1875", - "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": " 1875", + "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": " Ming and Qing", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": " Ando Cloisonn\u00e9", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": " 1986", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": " 1550 to 1900", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": " 1550 to 1900", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": " bronze", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": " 14th to the 19th century", - "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": " Tibetan", - "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": " gold", - "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": " 500 AD", - "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": " Tibetan art", - "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": " Giovanni Boccaccio", - "5726c9a4708984140094d170": " parchment-bound manuscripts", - "5726c9a4708984140094d171": " John Forster", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": " Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": " gold, silver, bronze, stone, terracotta and ivory", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": " mother-of-pearl", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": " gold, silver, bronze, stone, terracotta and ivory", + "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": " Leonardo da Vinci", + "5726c9a4708984140094d170": " Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III", + "5726c9a4708984140094d171": " over 18,000 books", "5726c9a4708984140094d172": " 1876", "5726c9a4708984140094d173": " 1876", - "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": " Charles Dickens", - "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": " Charles Dickens", - "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": " Eadwine Psalter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": " Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": " Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": " 12th to 16th", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": " Joan of Arc", "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": " Lucas Horenbout", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": " Word and Image Department", - "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": " Word and Image Department", - "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": " Word and Image Department", - "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": " Word and Image Department", - "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "Search the Collections,\"", - "5726cfa3708984140094d209": " Factory Project", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": " MODES", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": " Encoded Archival Description", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": " newly accessioned into the collection", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "Search the Collections", + "5726cfa3708984140094d209": " 2007", "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": " Factory Project", - "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": " Factory Project", - "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": " Factory Project", - "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": " Factory Project", - "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": " Gian Lorenzo Bernini", - "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": " Gian Lorenzo Bernini", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": " Andy Warhol", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": " 15,000", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": " catalog everything. The third step of the Factory Project", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": " British patrons", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": " Asia", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": " Gian Lorenzo Bernini", - "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": " William Thomas Beckford", - "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": " Gian Lorenzo Bernini", - "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": " John Ruskin", - "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": " John Ruskin", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": " Horace Walpole", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": " porcelain, cloth and wallpaper", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": " increasing emphasis on entertainment and leisure", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": " entertainment and leisure", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": " John Ruskin", - "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": " John Ruskin", - "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": " John Ruskin", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": " mass production", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": " Arts and Crafts", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": " Trajan's Column", - "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": " Michelangelo's David", - "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": " Trajan's Column", - "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": " Trajan's Column", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": " cut in half", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": " David", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": " sculptures, friezes and tombs", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": " glass case", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": " 1731", - "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": " Frederick II", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": " Frederick II the Great", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": " 1762", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": " 1909", - "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": " 1909, which enriched the museum's stock of Chinese and Japanese ceramics", - "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": " Josiah Wedgwood", - "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": " Britain and Holland, which includes a circa 1695 flower pyramid", - "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": " a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves from the 16th and 17th centuries, made in Germany and Switzerland", - "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": " a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves from the 16th and 17th centuries", - "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": " a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves from the 16th and 17th centuries, made in Germany and Switzerland", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": " museum's stock of Chinese and Japanese ceramics", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": " Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": " Britain and Holland", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": " a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": " 16th and 17th centuries", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": " Germany and Switzerland", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": " 4000 years", - "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": " Frank Lloyd Wright", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": " 6000", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": " Ancient Egypt", - "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": " Frank Lloyd Wright", - "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": " Frank Lloyd Wright", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": " Ren\u00e9 Lalique", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": " Ren\u00e9 Lalique", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": " 1994", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": " Danny Lane", - "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": " 1994", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": " 2004", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": " Dale Chihuly", - "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": " British stained glass are displayed in the British Galleries. One of the most spectacular items in the collection is the chandelier by Dale Chihuly", - "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": " Paul Nash", - "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": " Paul Nash, Percy Wyndham Lewis, Eric Gill, Stanley Spencer, John Piper, Graham Sutherland, Lucian Freud and David Hockney", - "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": " Paul Nash", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": " 1243", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": " over 10,000", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": " 2,000", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": " Hugh Douglas Hamilton, Thomas Rowlandson", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": " Paul Nash", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": " Paul Nash", - "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": " 14,000 outfits plus accessories, mainly dating from 1600 to the present. Costume sketches", - "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": " 14,000 outfits plus accessories, mainly dating from 1600 to the present. Costume sketches", - "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": " fashionable clothes made for special occasions", - "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": " 1,442", - "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": " V&A received the Talbot Hughes collection containing 1,442 costumes and items as a gift from Harrods", - "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": " 178 Vivienne Westwood", - "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": " Coco Chanel, Hubert de Givenchy, Christian Dior, Crist\u00f3bal Balenciaga, Yves Saint Laurent, Guy Laroche", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": " over 14,000", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": " Word and Image", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": " everyday clothing from previous eras", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": " 1913", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": " Harrods", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": " 2002", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": " Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": " 178", - "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": " Coco Chanel", - "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": " Coco Chanel", - "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": " 1960s. In 1986", - "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": " 1986", - "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": " 1986", - "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": " 1986", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": " Costiff collection", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": " modern", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": " between 1859 and 1865", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": " between 1859 and 1865", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": " cassone. The John Jones Collection of French 18th-century art and furnishings", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": " 1882", "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": " \u00a3250,000", - "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": " Hans Vredeman", - "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": " Hans Vredeman", - "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": " 1580 from Antwerp City Hall", - "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": " Hans Vredeman", - "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": " Ernest Gimson", - "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": " William and Judith Bollinger", - "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": " William and Judith Bollinger", - "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": " 154 gems bequeathed in 1869", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": " 1580", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": " Hans Vredeman de Vries", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": " c1750", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": " Germany", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": " Le Corbusier, Marcel Breuer, Charles and Ray Eames", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": " over 6000", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": " Ancient Egypt", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": " 1869", "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": " 154", "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": " William and Judith Bollinger", - "5726ee28708984140094d656": " Skidmore", - "5726ee28708984140094d657": " 1496", + "5726ee28708984140094d656": " secular and sacred", + "5726ee28708984140094d657": " 1496\u201397", "5726ee28708984140094d658": " 8 tonnes", - "5726ee28708984140094d659": " 1862", + "5726ee28708984140094d659": " Sir George Gilbert Scott", "5726ee28708984140094d655": " 15%", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": " c1110", - "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": " gold", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": " gilt bronze", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": " St Thomas Becket", - "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": " 1527", - "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": " gold", - "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": " 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "1180", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": " gilt copper", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": " over 5,100", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": " Bryan Davies", - "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": " Bryan Davies", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": " Furniture and Europe 1600\u20131800, and that the Horniman Museum", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": " 35", - "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": " 25 February", - "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": " 1130 British and 650 European oil paintings, 6800 British watercolours", - "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": " 11", - "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": " 11", - "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": " Peter and Paul from the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. There is also on display a fresco by Pietro Perugino", - "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": " 1400, consisting of numerous scenes and painted by Andr\u00e9s Marzal De Sax in Valencia", - "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": " 1888", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": " 2010", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": " 1130", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": " 1130 British and 650", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": " 1130", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": " Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": " Andr\u00e9s Marzal", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": " 1857", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": " 233", - "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": " Richard Wilson, William Etty, Henry Fuseli, Sir Thomas Lawrence, James Barry, Francis Danby, Richard Parkes Bonington", - "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": " Isabel in 1888", - "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": " Isabel in 1888", - "5726f755708984140094d737": " Carlo Crivelli", - "5726f755708984140094d738": " Fran\u00e7ois, Duc d'Alen\u00e7on", - "5726f755708984140094d739": " Carlo Crivelli", - "5726f755708984140094d73a": " Fran\u00e7ois, Duc d'Alen\u00e7on", - "5726f90b708984140094d75d": " Street Life", - "5726f90b708984140094d75e": " 1897", - "5726f90b708984140094d75f": " 7", - "5726f90b708984140094d760": " 1897", - "5726f90b708984140094d761": " Animal Locomotion of 1887", - "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": " post-classical European sculpture in the world. There are approximately 22,000 objects in the collection that cover the period from about 400 AD", - "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": " 22,000 objects in the collection that cover the period from about 400 AD", - "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": " 400 AD", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": " forming a 'A National Gallery of British Art", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": " The Hay Wain", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": " British", + "5726f755708984140094d737": " continental art 1600\u20131800", + "5726f755708984140094d738": " Duc d'Alen\u00e7on by Fran\u00e7ois Clouet", + "5726f755708984140094d739": " Carlo Crivelli's Virgin and Child", + "5726f755708984140094d73a": " Duc d'Alen\u00e7on", + "5726f90b708984140094d75d": " Eadweard Muybridge", + "5726f90b708984140094d75e": " 1887", + "5726f90b708984140094d75f": " 781", + "5726f90b708984140094d760": " different animals and humans", + "5726f90b708984140094d761": " James Lafayette", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": " post-classical", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": " 22,000", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": " 400 AD to 1914", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": " tomb and memorial", - "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": " Carlo Marochetti and Raffaelle Monti", - "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": " Giovanni Battista", - "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": " Roman statue of Narcissus", - "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": " Roman statue of Narcissus", - "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": " Roman statue of Narcissus", - "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": " Hubert Le Sueur, Fran\u00e7ois Girardon, Michel Clodion, Jean-Antoine Houdon", - "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": " Hubert Le Sueur, Fran\u00e7ois Girardon", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": " National Galleries of Scotland", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "Neptune and Triton", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": " Canova's The Three Graces", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": " Giovanni Battista Foggini, Vincenzo Foggini", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": " c. 1547", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": " 20", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": " the sculptor", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": " 1914", - "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": " St John the Baptist", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": " World War I", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": " St John the Baptist", "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": " Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": " Nicholas Stone", - "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": " Nicholas Stone", - "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": " Nicholas Stone", - "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": " Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein", - "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": " Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein along with other of their contemporaries are now on view. These galleries concentrate on works dated 1600 to 1950", - "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": " theme, tomb sculpture", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": " Alfred Stevens", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "Sculptors both British and Europeans", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": " Dorothy and Michael Hintze", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": " 2006", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": " by theme, tomb sculpture, portraiture, garden sculpture and mythology", "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": " Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein", - "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": " Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein", - "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", - "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": " Tate Britain", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": " 53,000", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": " western European though all populated continents", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": " 1st century AD", - "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", - "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": " The collections are well represented in these areas: early silks from the Near East", - "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": " John Vanderbank", - "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": " Sheldon & Mortlake", - "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": " John Vanderbank", - "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": " John Vanderbank", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": " western", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": " technique", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": " Cloth of St Gereon", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": " 15th", + "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": " Netherlands", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": " the hunting of various animals", "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": " Sheldon & Mortlake", - "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": " William Morris", - "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": " William Morris, including, embroidery, woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": " late 14th-century", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": " William Morris", "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": " 1887", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": " Marion Dorn", "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": " Serge Chermayeff", "57270817708984140094d8c7": " Theatre Museum", - "57270817708984140094d8c8": " March 2009", - "57270817708984140094d8c9": " V&A Theatre & Performance galleries, formerly the Theatre Museum", - "57270817708984140094d8ca": " V&A", - "57270817708984140094d8cb": " V&A Theatre & Performance galleries, formerly the Theatre Museum", - "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": " covers all the collections held by the V&A and the V&A Museum", - "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": " temperature", - "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": " \"interventive", - "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": " V&A and the V&A Museum", - "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": " \"preventive\" conservation", - "57267b755951b619008f7433": "stylized in its logo as abc since 1957) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Disney\u2013ABC Television Group", - "57267b755951b619008f7434": " American Broadcasting Company (ABC) (stylized in its logo as abc since 1957", - "57267b755951b619008f7435": " Manhattan", - "57267b755951b619008f7436": " Manhattan", - "57267b755951b619008f7437": " The Walt Disney Company. The network is part of the Big Three television networks. The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan", + "57270817708984140094d8c8": " 2009", + "57270817708984140094d8c9": " UK's biggest national collection of material about live performance in the UK", + "57270817708984140094d8ca": " Shakespeare", + "57270817708984140094d8cb": " research, exhibitions and other shows", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "Conservation", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": " temperature and light", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "interventive", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": " the V&A Museum of Childhood", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "preventive", + "57267b755951b619008f7433": " Disney\u2013ABC Television Group", + "57267b755951b619008f7434": " 1957", + "57267b755951b619008f7435": " Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan", + "57267b755951b619008f7436": " Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street", + "57267b755951b619008f7437": " Disney Media Networks", "57267ca75951b619008f7469": " October 12, 1943", - "57267ca75951b619008f746a": " October 12, 1943", - "57267ca75951b619008f746b": " October 12, 1943", + "57267ca75951b619008f746a": " radio network", + "57267ca75951b619008f746b": " 1948", "57267ca75951b619008f746c": " ESPN", - "57267ca75951b619008f746d": " United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson", - "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": " eight", - "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": " 2007", + "57267ca75951b619008f746d": " Capital Cities Communications", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": " eight owned-and-operated and over 232", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": " Citadel Broadcasting", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": " eight", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": " Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": " Citadel Broadcasting", - "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": " Columbia Broadcasting System", - "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": " three", - "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": " three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System", - "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": " three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System", - "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": " three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System", - "572681ab708984140094c85d": " Mutual filed a complaint with the Federal Communications Commission", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": " Radio Corporation of America", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": " NBC Blue and NBC Red", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": " major cities", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": " drama", + "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": " NBC Blue and NBC Red", + "572681ab708984140094c85d": " Mutual", "572681ab708984140094c85e": " 1938", - "572681ab708984140094c85f": " RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue", - "572681ab708984140094c860": " Mutual filed a complaint with the Federal Communications Commission", + "572681ab708984140094c85f": " 1940", + "572681ab708984140094c860": " RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue. At that time, the NBC Red Network", "572681ab708984140094c861": " NBC Blue", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": " Mark Woods", - "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": " David Sarnoff", - "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": " $7.5 million to purchase the network, but the offer was rejected by Woods and RCA president David Sarnoff", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": " NBC Blue Network", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": " Dillon, Read & Co.", "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": " David Sarnoff", "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": " $7.5 million", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": " Life Savers", - "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": " $8 million", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": " October 12, 1943", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": " George B. Storer", - "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": "Edward John Noble", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": " president and CEO", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": " June 30, 1951", - "57268739708984140094c8ed": " Paul Whiteman", + "57268739708984140094c8ed": " Magnetophon tape recorder", "57268739708984140094c8ee": " Paul Whiteman", - "57268739708984140094c8ef": " Gang Busters and Counters", + "57268739708984140094c8ef": " NBC and CBS when, continuing NBC Blue", "57268739708984140094c8f0": " Bing Crosby", - "57268739708984140094c8f1": " Paul Whiteman", + "57268739708984140094c8f1": " public service", "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": " $155 million", - "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": " ABC1, a free-to-air channel in the United Kingdom", - "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": " October", - "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": " October", + "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": " ABC1", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": " September 8, 2007", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": " the company's attempt to develop ABC International", "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": " United States", - "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": " 1970s", - "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": " Japan and Latin America", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": " 1959", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": " satellite television", "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": " Japan and Latin America", - "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": " Japan and Latin America", - "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": " broadcasting the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II", - "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": " Queen Elizabeth II", - "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": " 5% stake in two new domestic networks, the Mainichi Broadcasting System", - "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": " June 1953", - "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": " June 1953", - "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": " CBS", - "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": " American Music Awards, Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade, Tournament of Roses", - "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": " Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade, Tournament of Roses", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": " The arrival of satellite television ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": " the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": " Japan", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": " Mainichi Broadcasting System", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": " technical problems and flight delays", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": " technical problems and flight delays", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": " Peanuts television specials", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": " Academy Awards", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": " 1965", "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": " Academy Awards", - "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", - "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": " Miss America pageant from 1954 to 1956", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": " A Charlie Brown Christmas", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": " 1974", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": " Ryan Seacrest", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": " 1954 to 1956", - "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": " Dick Clark, and later by his successor Ryan Seacrest", - "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": " 1954 to 1956", - "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": " The View and The Chew, and the soap opera General Hospital", - "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": " The View and The Chew, and the soap opera General Hospital", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": " New Year's Eve (hosted first by its creator Dick Clark", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": " TLC", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": " General Hospital", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": " 1963", "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": " The Edge of Night", - "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": " The View", - "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": " The Edge of Night", - "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": " NBA games on Sundays, normally starting in January as \"NBA Sunday Showcase", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": " The View and The Chew", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": " 1963", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": " ESPN Sports Saturday block", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": " 2006", - "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": " NBA games on Sundays, normally starting in January as \"NBA Sunday Showcase", - "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": " NBA games on Sundays, normally starting in January as \"NBA Sunday Showcase", - "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": " ESPN-produced highlight compilation programs for The Open Championship golf and The Wimbledon tennis tournaments", - "5726e860708984140094d579": " vice-president", - "5726e860708984140094d57a": " ABC", - "5726e860708984140094d57b": " five applications for television station licenses, one for each market where it owned and operated a radio station (New York City", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": " 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": " NBA", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": " The Open Championship golf and The Wimbledon tennis", + "5726e860708984140094d579": " Frank Marx", + "5726e860708984140094d57a": " VHF channel 7", + "5726e860708984140094d57b": " 1947", "5726e860708984140094d57c": " VHF channel 7", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": " 108", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": " 108", - "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": " CBS and NBC", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": " DuMont Television Network", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": " CBS and NBC", - "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": " $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", - "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": " the end of 1949, movie theater operator United Paramount Theatres (UPT) was forced by the U.S. Supreme Court", - "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": " five", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": " the U.S. Supreme Court", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": " Paramount Pictures", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": " nine", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": " CBS", - "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": " $5 million", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": " Prudential Insurance Company of America", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "Leonard Goldenson", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": " William S. Paley", - "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": " UPT's board of directors", - "5726ed12708984140094d645": " Goldenson", - "5726ed12708984140094d646": " Chicago television station, WBKB-TV, to CBS (which subsequently changed the station's call letters to WBBM-TV) for $6 million", - "5726ed12708984140094d647": " American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. and headquartered in the Paramount Building", - "5726ed12708984140094d648": " Paramount Building", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": " June 6, 1951", + "5726ed12708984140094d645": " 1952", + "5726ed12708984140094d646": " February 9, 1953", + "5726ed12708984140094d647": " American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres", + "5726ed12708984140094d648": " Paramount Building at 1501 Broadway", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": " August 10, 1948", - "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": " KGO-TV in San Francisco", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": " October 1948", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": " Mount Wilson", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": " The Prospect Studios", - "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": " The Flintstones, another example of counterprogramming; although the animated series from William Hanna and Joseph Barbera", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": " September 30, 1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": " 1960s", - "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": " William Hanna", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": " William Hanna and Joseph Barbera", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": " 1960s", - "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": " $7.5 million", - "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": " NBC to produce color broadcasts of his anthology series (which would be renamed Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color", - "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": " 1961", - "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": " 1961", - "572734af708984140094dae3": " circle logo", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": " 1959", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": " NBC", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": " 1985", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": " 1985", + "572734af708984140094dae3": " its circle logo", "572734af708984140094dae4": " Troika Design Group", - "572734af708984140094dae5": " black-and-yellow coloring of the logo and featured dots", - "572734af708984140094dae6": " \"the dot\", in which comic book character Little Dot", - "572735a15951b619008f86bf": " four-note theme tune is still used by ABC on Demand", + "572734af708984140094dae5": " black-and-yellow", + "572734af708984140094dae6": "the dot", + "572735a15951b619008f86bf": " Pittard Sullivan", "572735a15951b619008f86c0": " 1998\u20132002", - "572735a15951b619008f86c1": " four-note theme tune is still used by ABC on Demand", - "572735a15951b619008f86c2": " ABC on Demand", - "572736625951b619008f86d1": " 60 seconds", - "572736625951b619008f86d2": " 60 seconds", - "572736625951b619008f86d3": " 1993", - "572736625951b619008f86d4": " \"That Special Feeling\"", - "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": " three-dimensional appearance.", - "572736fc5951b619008f86da": " bubble on a black background", - "572736fc5951b619008f86db": " bubble on a black background", - "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": " Herbert Bayer", - "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": " Herbert Bayer", + "572735a15951b619008f86c1": "We Love TV\" image campaign", + "572735a15951b619008f86c2": " on Demand", + "572736625951b619008f86d1": " 1993\u201394", + "572736625951b619008f86d2": " 1995\u201396 season", + "572736625951b619008f86d3": " 1983", + "572736625951b619008f86d4": " \"That Special Feeling", + "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": " 1977", + "572736fc5951b619008f86da": " black", + "572736fc5951b619008f86db": " black", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": " Paul Rand", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": " Bauhaus", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": " Herbert Bayer", - "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": " 1962", - "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": " Radio", - "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": " six", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": " 1963\u201364 season", + "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": " Disney\u2013ABC was considering a sale of ABC Radio", + "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": " October 19, 2005", "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": " six", - "57273954708984140094db05": " NBC, CBS and Fox (by the following year, the combined season-ending average audience share of ABC, NBC and CBS represented only 32%", - "57273954708984140094db06": " 2004\u201305 season, the network experienced unexpected success with new series such as Desperate Housewives, Lost and Grey's Anatomy", - "57273954708984140094db07": " George Boden", - "57273954708984140094db08": " NASCAR", - "57273a0d708984140094db0d": " two-year affiliate agreement in 2002", + "57273954708984140094db05": " 2004", + "57273954708984140094db06": " Desperate Housewives, Lost and Grey's Anatomy", + "57273954708984140094db07": " Anne Sweeney", + "57273954708984140094db08": " George Bodenheimer", + "57273a0d708984140094db0d": " 2002", "57273a0d708984140094db0e": " Michael Eisner", "57273a0d708984140094db0f": " The Bachelor", - "57273a0d708984140094db10": " The Bachelor (the elimination-style dating show's success led to a spinoff, The Bachelorette", - "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": " four markets (WABC-TV in New York City", - "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": " ABC, ordering Time Warner Cable", - "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": " April 30, 2000, as a result of a carriage dispute", - "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": " afternoon of May 2", - "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": " Boy Meets World", - "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": " The WB in September 2000, beginning to wane as well by this point) following the loss of Family Matters", - "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": " Friday", + "57273a0d708984140094db10": " The Bachelorette", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": " Time Warner Cable", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": " ABC", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": " NBC", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": " April 30, 2000", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": " 2000", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": " The WB", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": " CBS", "57273c195951b619008f8721": " August 1999", - "57273c195951b619008f8722": " Meredith Vieira", - "57273c195951b619008f8723": " Meredith Vieira", + "57273c195951b619008f8722": " Regis Philbin", + "57273c195951b619008f8723": " ABC", "57273c195951b619008f8724": " Meredith Vieira", - "57273d19708984140094db3d": " Thomas S. Murphy", - "57273d19708984140094db3e": " 1998", - "57273d19708984140094db3f": " $1.65 billion. Following the merger, Thomas S. Murphy", + "57273d19708984140094db3d": " July 31, 1995", + "57273d19708984140094db3e": " ABC Inc", + "57273d19708984140094db3f": " Knight Ridder", "57273d19708984140094db40": " Robert Iger", "57273d19708984140094db41": " Sports Night", - "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": " ABC", - "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": " Goldenson", - "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "Beating the Odds: The Untold Story Behind the Rise of ABC\",", - "57273ef15951b619008f8751": " WABC, WABC-FM and WABC-TV, and moved their operations to facilities at 7 West 66th Street", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": " 1965\u201366", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": " third", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "Beating the Odds: The Untold Story Behind the Rise of ABC", + "57273ef15951b619008f8751": " May 1, 1953", "57273ef15951b619008f8752": " 7 West 66th Street", "57273ef15951b619008f8753": " Baltimore", "57273f9d708984140094db51": " Robert Kintner", - "57273f9d708984140094db52": " UPT and the DuMont Television Network", - "57273f9d708984140094db53": " UPT and the DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db52": " DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db53": "ABC-DuMont", "57273f9d708984140094db54": " $5 million", - "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": " The Lone Ranger", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": " Paramount Pictures", "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": " The Lone Ranger", - "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": " 2002", - "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": " Kings Row and Casablanca", - "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": " Kings Row and Casablanca", - "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": " Walt Disney; after the start of the network's bond with the Disney studio, James Lewis Baugh", - "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": " Kings Row and Casablanca", - "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": " Roy contacted Goldenson at the end of 1953 for ABC to agree to finance part of the Disneyland project", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": " The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": " Warner Bros. Presents. Airing during the 1955\u201356 season, it showcased television adaptations of the 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": " Warner Bros. Presents", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": " Walt Disney", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": " Warner Bros. Presents.", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": " Roy", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": " $500,000", - "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": " $500,000", - "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": " Walt wanted ABC to invest $500,000", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": " 1953", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": " Disneyland", "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": " Allen Shaw", - "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": " Allen Shaw, a former program manager at WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", - "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": " \"LOVE Radio\",", - "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": " Allen Shaw, a former program manager at WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", - "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": " September", - "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": " Aaron Spelling", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": " Harold L. Neal", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "LOVE Radio", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": " seven", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": " 1969", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": " Duel", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": " September 1969", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": " $400,000", "572743fb708984140094db93": " 1970s", - "572743fb708984140094db94": " ABC completed its transition to color; the decade as a whole would mark a turning point for ABC, as it began to pass CBS and NBC", - "572743fb708984140094db95": " behavioral and demographic data", + "572743fb708984140094db94": " CBS", + "572743fb708984140094db95": " behavioral and demographic", "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": " Monday Night Football", - "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": " 1970", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": " 2006", "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": " NBC", - "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": " 15%", - "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": " preventing the major networks from monopolizing the broadcast landscape by barring them from owning any of the prime time programming that they broadcast. In 1972", - "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": " the existing Worldvision", - "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": " Financial Interest and Syndication Rules", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": " 15%\u201316%;", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": " 1970", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": " 1970", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": " Worldvision Enterprises", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": " cigarette advertising", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": " January 2, 1971", - "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": " Henry Plitt in 1974.", - "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": " Henry Plitt in 1974. On January 17, 1972, Elton Rule was named President and Chief Operating Officer", - "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": " 1976", - "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": " Michael Eisner", - "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": " 1976", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": " Henry Plitt", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": " Elton Rule", + "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": " 1966", + "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": " Happy Days", + "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": " for developing youth-oriented programming", "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": " Paramount Pictures", "572748745951b619008f87b1": " Fred Pierce", - "572748745951b619008f87b2": " Fred Pierce", - "572748745951b619008f87b3": " November 3, 1975", + "572748745951b619008f87b2": " Fred Pierce, the newly appointed president of ABC Television, convinced Fred Silverman", + "572748745951b619008f87b3": " S.W.A.T", "572748745951b619008f87b4": " November 3, 1975", - "5727492f708984140094dbb5": " president of NBC", - "5727492f708984140094dbb6": " Charlie's Angels", - "5727492f708984140094dbb7": " 1970s known as \"jiggle TV", + "5727492f708984140094dbb5": " president of NBC's entertainment division", + "5727492f708984140094dbb6": " Laverne & Shirley", + "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "jiggle TV", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": " Alex Haley", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": " Aaron Spelling", - "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": " nine", - "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": " 1976\u201377 season. On September 13, 1977", - "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": " Billy Crystal", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": " three", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": " 1976\u201377", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": " Soap", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": " Roone Arledge", - "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": " television news. In 1977, Roone Arledge was named president of the new ABC News in addition to being president of ABC Sports", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": " ABC News in addition to being president of ABC Sports", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "7 Lincoln Square", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": " June 1979", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": " June 1978", - "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": " Barbara Walters", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": " Arledge", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": " Barbara Walters", - "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": " $20 million", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": " MCA Inc", "57274cac708984140094dbdd": " ABC Cable News", - "57274cac708984140094dbde": " 1995", - "57274cac708984140094dbdf": " Flint, Michigan affiliate WJRT", - "57274cac708984140094dbe0": " Flint, Michigan affiliate WJRT", - "57274d905951b619008f87e1": " Caris & Co.", - "57274d905951b619008f87e2": " Duel, which premiered in December 2007", + "57274cac708984140094dbde": " ABC News Now", + "57274cac708984140094dbdf": " WJRT-TV", + "57274cac708984140094dbe0": " WJRT-TV", + "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "The Writers Guild of America", + "57274d905951b619008f87e2": " Duel", "57274d905951b619008f87e3": " Caris & Co.", - "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": " ABC Entertainment", - "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": " ABC Entertainment", - "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": " ABC Radio as Citadel Media", - "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": " Apple Inc", - "57274f07708984140094dbed": " 2004. Ratings for the once-instant hit Ugly Betty", - "57274f07708984140094dbee": " 2004. Ratings for the once-instant hit Ugly Betty", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": " ABC Studios into a new division, ABC Entertainment Group", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": " ABC Entertainment Group", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": " Citadel Media", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": " iTunes", + "57274f07708984140094dbed": " 2004", + "57274f07708984140094dbee": " 2004", "57274f07708984140094dbef": " Fridays", "57274f07708984140094dbf0": " Wednesdays", "5727504b5951b619008f881d": " 1970", - "5727504b5951b619008f881e": " Worldvision", - "5727504b5951b619008f881f": " Worldvision", - "5727504b5951b619008f8820": " Ruby-Spears and Hanna-Barbera", - "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": " Disney\u2013ABC International", - "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": " Buena Vista", - "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": " America's Funniest Home Videos, General Hospital, and ABC News productions), although Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television", - "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": " Cinerama Productions/Palomar theatrical library", - "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": " eight", + "5727504b5951b619008f881e": " Worldvision Enterprises", + "5727504b5951b619008f881f": " Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films", + "5727504b5951b619008f8820": " Turner Broadcasting System", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": " Buena Vista Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": " Buena Vista Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": " Buena Vista International Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": " the aforementioned Selznick library", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": " WABC-TV and WPVI-TV", "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": " eight", - "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": " eight", - "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": " eight", - "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": " 1946, consisted of a television screen containing the letters \"T\" and \"V\",", - "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": " 1953", - "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": " 1953", - "57275573708984140094dc45": " Extreme Makeover: Home Edition", - "57275573708984140094dc46": " One Life to Live (which had been presented in 16:9 standard definition since 2010)", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": " 235", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": " 96.26%", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": " 1946", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": " seal of the Federal Communications Commission", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": " 1957", + "57275573708984140094dc45": " 2011", + "57275573708984140094dc46": " Supernanny, Extreme Makeover: Home Edition", "57275573708984140094dc47": " HD", - "57275573708984140094dc48": " Litton's Weekend Aventure is also broadcast in HD, and was the first children's program block", - "57275650708984140094dc5f": " 720p", - "57275650708984140094dc60": " 720p", - "57275650708984140094dc61": " 720p", - "57275650708984140094dc62": " The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties. However, most of Hearst Television", + "57275573708984140094dc48": " Litton's Weekend Aventure", + "57275650708984140094dc5f": " 720p high definition", + "57275650708984140094dc60": " 1080i HD", + "57275650708984140094dc61": " 11", + "57275650708984140094dc62": " 720p", "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": " Body of Proof", "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": " Body of Proof", - "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": " Body of Proof", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": " NBC", "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": " Body of Proof", - "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": " All My Children and One Life", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": " All My Children and One Life to Live", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": " Prospect Park", - "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": " April 14, 2011", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": " General Hospital", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": " The Revolution", - "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": " fourth place in the 18\u201349 demographic", - "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": " 2004, and in second place in total viewership behind long-dominant CBS. ABC", - "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": " The Neighbors (which languished in its new Friday time slot despite being bookended by Last Man Standing and Shark Tank", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": " 18\u201349", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": " 2004", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": " CBS", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": " The Goldbergs", - "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": " Suburgatory. NBC", - "57275a505951b619008f889f": " The Middle and Modern Family, the latter of which was both a critical and commercial success. Shark Tank", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": " The Neighbors", + "57275a505951b619008f889f": " The Middle and Modern Family", "57275a505951b619008f88a0": " Dragon's Den", - "57275a505951b619008f88a1": " Dragon's Den", - "57275a505951b619008f88a2": " Shark Tank", - "57275bfb708984140094dc97": " Thomas Murphy", + "57275a505951b619008f88a1": " Sundays", + "57275a505951b619008f88a2": " Tim Allen", + "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Daniel Burke", "57275bfb708984140094dc98": " Thomas Murphy", - "57275bfb708984140094dc99": "Daniel Burke departed from Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994, with Thomas Murphy", + "57275bfb708984140094dc99": " NYPD Blue", "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": " Steven Bochco", "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": " ten", - "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": " once", - "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": " DIC", - "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": " Financial Interest and Syndication Rules", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": " 1993", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": " DIC Entertainment", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": " Time Warner Cable", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": " 23.63%", - "57275e125951b619008f88d7": " Chicago radio", - "57275e125951b619008f88d8": " 1960s", - "57275e125951b619008f88d9": " John Bassett, who was trying to establish a television station in Toronto, sought the help of ABC to launch the station. Leonard Goldenson", - "57275e125951b619008f88da": " 25% interest in CFTO", + "57275e125951b619008f88d7": " Chicago radio station WLS", + "57275e125951b619008f88d8": " May 9, 1960", + "57275e125951b619008f88d9": " John Bassett", + "57275e125951b619008f88da": " CFTO-TV", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": " Wide World of Sports", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": " Edgar Scherick", - "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": " Edgar Scherick", - "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": " Sports Programs, Inc.", - "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": " American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, was renamed as the American Broadcasting Companies, while its cinema division", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": " Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc. and produced by a young Roone Arledge", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": " Sports Programs, Inc. and produced by a young Roone Arledge which featured a different sporting event each broadcast. ABC purchased Sports Programs, Inc", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": " American Broadcasting Companies", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": " The Newlywed Game", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": " The Newlywed Game", - "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": " 44 story building", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": " 1330 Avenue of the Americas", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": " 90%", - "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": " Charlie's Angels", - "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": " Benson and Happy Days spinoff Mork & Mindy", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": " Dynasty", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": " Mork & Mindy", "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": " Alpha Repertory Television Service", - "5727623a5951b619008f8921": " KXYZ to the Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", - "5727623a5951b619008f8922": " KXYZ to the Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", - "5727623a5951b619008f8923": " 80% stake in the channel, while selling the remaining 20%", - "5727623a5951b619008f8924": " Arts & Entertainment", + "5727623a5951b619008f8921": " Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", + "5727623a5951b619008f8922": " Getty Oil", + "5727623a5951b619008f8923": " The Entertainment Channel", + "5727623a5951b619008f8924": " Arts & Entertainment Television", "572763a8708984140094dcd9": " Daniel B. Burke", - "572763a8708984140094dcda": " Daniel B. Burke", + "572763a8708984140094dcda": " chairman and CEO", "572763a8708984140094dcdb": " $465 million", - "572763a8708984140094dcdc": " Thomas S. Murphy", - "572763a8708984140094dcdd": " The Drew Carey Show", + "572763a8708984140094dcdc": " America's Funniest Home Videos", + "572763a8708984140094dcdd": " Home Improvement", "572764855951b619008f8951": " General Hospital", "572764855951b619008f8952": " The View and The Chew and the soap opera General Hospital", - "572764855951b619008f8953": "Daytime", + "572764855951b619008f8953": " 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8954": " Jimmy Kimmel", - "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": " Rhode Island and Delaware are the only U.S. states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate (New Jersey is served by New York City", - "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": " Lima, Ohio", - "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": " co-owned/co-managed full-power television station", - "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "WLQP-LP) and South Bend, Indiana", - "57276690708984140094dd01": " Circle Films", - "57276690708984140094dd02": " television series were produced by ABC Circle Films beginning in 1962 and by Touchstone Television beginning in 1985", - "57276690708984140094dd03": " the ABC Television Center (now The Prospect Studios) on Prospect Avenue", - "57276690708984140094dd04": " the ABC Television Center (now The Prospect Studios) on Prospect Avenue", - "5727678e5951b619008f8973": " Peter Jennings Way", - "5727678e5951b619008f8974": " Peter Jennings Way", - "5727678e5951b619008f8975": " Peter Jennings Way", - "5727678e5951b619008f8976": " Peter Jennings Way", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": " New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "WBMA-LD", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": "WBND-LD", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "WLQP-LP", + "57276690708984140094dd01": " ABC Circle Films", + "57276690708984140094dd02": " ABC Studios", + "57276690708984140094dd03": " ABC Television Center", + "57276690708984140094dd04": " ABC Television Center", + "5727678e5951b619008f8973": " Times Square Studios", + "5727678e5951b619008f8974": " Good Morning America and Nightline", + "5727678e5951b619008f8975": " Peter Jennings", + "5727678e5951b619008f8976": " World News Tonight", "572768d9708984140094dd13": " ABC on Demand", "572768d9708984140094dd14": " Hulu", "572768d9708984140094dd15": " July 6, 2009", "572768d9708984140094dd16": " 27%", - "572769e85951b619008f8985": " Hulu", + "572769e85951b619008f8985": " day after their original broadcast", "572769e85951b619008f8986": " eight", - "572769e85951b619008f8987": " fast forwarding", + "572769e85951b619008f8987": " fast forwarding of accessed content", "572769e85951b619008f8988": " January 7, 2014", - "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": " ESPN on ABC, while all four variants are used selectively in advertising and by affiliates. A new custom typeface", - "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": " A new custom typeface", - "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": " \"ABC Modern\"", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": " LoyalKaspar", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": " four", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": "ABC Modern", "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": " ESPN", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": " 14", - "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": " 14", - "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": " analog television era, UHF stations were not adequately receivable in rugged terrain. These factors made many prospective station owners skittish", - "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": " UHF tuning", - "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": " off-hours clearances", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": " 44% ($117 million). However that year, ABC had only 14", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": " All-Channel Receiver Act", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": " UHF", + "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": " Youngstown", "57276d7f708984140094dd40": " five times lower", - "57276d7f708984140094dd41": " digital subchannel after airing the network's programs outside of recommended timeslots", - "57276d7f708984140094dd42": " 1960s, with some very small markets having to wait as late as the 1980s", - "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": " The Untouchables", - "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": " April 1959", - "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": " April 1959", + "57276d7f708984140094dd41": " WTRF-TV", + "57276d7f708984140094dd42": " 1980s", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": " Walt Disney Presents", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": " Desilu Productions", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": " its use of violence", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": " April 1959", - "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": " General Hospital", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": " ABC Sunday Night Movie", "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": " $15.5 million", "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": " Hanna-Barbera", - "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": " April 1, 1963", - "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": " The Fugitive (on September 17), a drama series centering on a man on the run after being accused of committing a murder", - "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": " April 27, 1966", - "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": " December 21, 1966; however, the previous day (December 20), Donald F. Turner, head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice", - "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": " July 1967, with ITT going to trial in October 1967; the merger was officially canceled after the trial's conclusion on January 1, 1968", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": " ABC Sunday Night Movie", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": " April 1, 1963", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": " ITT", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": " Donald F. Turner", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": " Department of Justice", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": " January 1, 1968", - "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": " WXYZ-TV and Tampa independent station WFTS-TV", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": " Capital Cities Communications", "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": " $3.5 billion", "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": " Warren Buffett", - "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": " Tampa independent station WFTS-TV to the E. W. Scripps Company", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": " E. W. Scripps Company", "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": " 12", "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": " September 5, 1985", - "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": " Thomas S. Murphy, who had been serving as CEO of Capital Cities since 1964, was appointed chairman and CEO emeritus of ABC. Jim Duffy", - "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": " Jim Duffy", - "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": " Thomas S. Murphy, who had been serving as CEO of Capital Cities since 1964, was appointed chairman and CEO emeritus of ABC. Jim Duffy", - "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": " Thomas S. Murphy, who had been serving as CEO of Capital Cities since 1964, was appointed chairman and CEO emeritus of ABC. Jim Duffy", - "57277585708984140094de2b": " Happy Days", - "57277585708984140094de2c": " Mr. Belvedere", - "57277585708984140094de2d": " The Cosby Show", - "57277585708984140094de2e": " Mr. Belvedere", - "57277585708984140094de2f": " The Cosby Show", - "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": " Miller-Boyett Productions", - "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": " Miller-Boyett Productions", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": " Capital Cities/ABC, Inc.", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": " president", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": " Roone Arledge", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": " Michael P. Millardi", + "57277585708984140094de2b": " Laverne & Shirley", + "57277585708984140094de2c": " Happy Days", + "57277585708984140094de2d": " NBC", + "57277585708984140094de2e": " The Love Boat", + "57277585708984140094de2f": " comedies", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": "TGIF", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": "Thank Goodness It's Funny", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": " Miller-Boyett Productions", - "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": " Happy Days", - "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": " $1 million", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": " Warner Bros", + "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": " seven", "572776e85951b619008f8a80": " Ralph Nelson-directed Charly", - "572776e85951b619008f8a81": " $1 million in shares and $1.5 million in bonds. That year, Roone Arledge", - "572776e85951b619008f8a82": " $1 million in shares and $1.5 million in bonds. That year, Roone Arledge", - "572776e85951b619008f8a83": " Redwood City", - "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": " Dick Clark", - "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": " 10%", - "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": " 10% and 18%", + "572776e85951b619008f8a81": " Roone Arledge", + "572776e85951b619008f8a82": " 1985", + "572776e85951b619008f8a83": " Redwood City, California", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": " westerns and detective series", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": " 500%", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": " between 10% and 18%", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": " Ollie Treiz", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": " Dick Clark", - "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": " Zorro) went up against and defeated the variety shows aired by NBC and CBS", - "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": " Zorro) went up against and defeated the variety shows aired by NBC and CBS", - "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": " Life criticized the public enthusiasm", - "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": " May 1961", - "57277af2708984140094dec3": " \"WATCH ABC\",", - "57277af2708984140094dec4": " Boston", - "57277af2708984140094dec5": " Boston", - "57277af2708984140094dec6": " WatchESPN service", - "57277bfc708984140094ded9": " 15", - "57277bfc708984140094deda": " 15", - "57277bfc708984140094dedb": " 15", - "57277bfc708984140094dedc": " 15", - "57277bfc708984140094dedd": " 15", - "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": " phase in a new imaging campaign for the upcoming 2007\u201308 season, \"Start Here\".", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": " counterprogramming", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": " Zorro", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": " Life", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": " western series", + "57277af2708984140094dec3": "WATCH ABC", + "57277af2708984140094dec4": " ABC.com", + "57277af2708984140094dec5": " Hearst Television", + "57277af2708984140094dec6": " WatchESPN", + "57277bfc708984140094ded9": " Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094deda": " WABM-DT2/WDBB-DT2", + "57277bfc708984140094dedb": " Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094dedc": " 28", + "57277bfc708984140094dedd": " 28", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "Start Here", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": " Troika", - "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": " blue ribbons", - "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": " blue ribbons were used for ABC News", - "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": " Kansas City", - "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": " Tampa", - "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": " Tampa", - "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": " southern part of the Tampa market including the station's city of license, Sarasota", - "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "Genghis Khan\", he started the Mongol invasions", - "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": " Mongol Empire", - "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": " Central Asia", - "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": " Central Asia", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": " entertainment division", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": " entertainment division", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": "WFTS-TV and WWSB", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "KMBC-TV and KQTV", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "WZZM and WOTV", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": " WWSB, this dates back to when WTSP", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": " Mongol Empire", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": " nomadic tribes", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": " Khwarezmian and Xia controlled lands", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": " Central Asia and China", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": " Mongol Empire", - "5726a00d708984140094cc25": " 1227", + "5726a00d708984140094cc25": " \u00d6gedei Khan", "5726a00d708984140094cc26": " 1227", - "5726a00d708984140094cc27": " 1227", - "5726a00d708984140094cc28": " 1227", + "5726a00d708984140094cc27": " Western Xia", + "5726a00d708984140094cc28": " his sons and grandsons", "5726a00d708984140094cc29": " Mongolia", - "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": " 1162", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": " Del\u00fc\u00fcn Boldog", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": " Yes\u00fcgei", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": " 1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": " Tatar chieftain", - "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": " Begter", - "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": " Hasar", - "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": " nine years", - "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": " three", - "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": " 12.", - "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": " Khasar killed their half-brother Begter", - "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": " Khasar killed their half-brother Begter", - "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": " half-brother Begter.", - "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": " Begter.", - "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": " Jelme and Bo'orchu", - "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": " 1177", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": " Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": " Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": " B\u00f6rte", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": " Khongirad", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": " B\u00f6rte, who was a member of the tribe Khongirad", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": " Khasar", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": " Temujin's mother", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": " Hoelun and her children", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": " the next several years", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": " his father's former allies", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": " cangue", "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": " Chilaun", - "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": " Jelme and Bo'orchu, two of Genghis Khan's future generals, joined forces with him. Tem\u00fcjin", - "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": " 1177", - "5726a784708984140094ccff": " Hoelun taught him many lessons about the unstable political climate", - "5726a784708984140094cd00": " Hoelun taught him many lessons about the unstable political climate", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": " Jelme and Bo'orchu", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": " river crevice", + "5726a784708984140094ccff": " marriages", + "5726a784708984140094cd00": " Hoelun", "5726a784708984140094cd01": " Chinese dynasties", - "5726a784708984140094cd02": " Hoelun taught him many lessons about the unstable political climate", - "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": " B\u00f6rte of the Onggirat tribe", + "5726a784708984140094cd02": " need for alliances", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": " B\u00f6rte of the Onggirat", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": " Merkits", - "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": " Toghrul Khan", - "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": " 16", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": " Jamukha", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": " Jochi", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "1185", "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": " three", - "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": " Chagata", - "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": " Chagata", - "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": " three", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": " \u00d6gedei (1189\u20141241), and Tolui", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1190\u20131232", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": " Chagatai (1187\u20141241), \u00d6gedei (1189\u20141241), and Tolui", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": " six", - "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": " 1197. This relationship was first reinforced when B\u00f6rte was captured by the Merkits", - "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": " B\u00f6rte was captured by the Merkits", - "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": " 20,000", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": "sworn brother or blood brother", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": " father's anda (sworn brother or blood brother) Toghrul", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": " Keraites", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": " 20,000", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": " Jamukha", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": " Mongolian aristocracy", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": " Kokochu", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": " 1186", - "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": " Battle of Dalan", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": " Battle of Dalan Balzhut", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": " Qara Khitai", - "5726ae32708984140094cdab": " Yassa code, Tem\u00fcjin promised civilians and soldiers wealth from future possible war spoils", - "5726ae32708984140094cdac": " wealth", - "5726ae32708984140094cdad": " under his protection and integrated its members into his own tribe. He would even have his mother adopt orphans", - "5726ae32708984140094cdae": " wealth", + "5726ae32708984140094cdab": " Yassa code", + "5726ae32708984140094cdac": " wealth from future possible war spoils", + "5726ae32708984140094cdad": " orphans", + "5726ae32708984140094cdae": " wealth from future possible war spoils", "5726af765951b619008f7a51": " Jochi", "5726af765951b619008f7a52": " Jamukha", - "5726af765951b619008f7a53": " Jamukha", - "5726af765951b619008f7a54": " Keraite tribe", - "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": " 1201, a khuruldai elected Jamukha as G\u00fcr Khan", - "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": " 1206", - "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": " 1206", - "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": " 1206", + "5726af765951b619008f7a53": " Toghrul's defeat. Jamukha", + "5726af765951b619008f7a54": " Keraite", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": " his own men", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": " 1201", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "universal ruler", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": " Subutai", "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": " 1206", - "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": " refused the offer of friendship and reunion", - "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": " the men who betrayed Jamukha, stating that he did not want disloyal men in his army. Jamukha refused", - "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": " Jamukha, asking him to return to his side", - "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": " The custom is to die without spilling blood", - "5726b879708984140094cf01": " Jochi", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": " friendship", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": " he did not want disloyal men in his army", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": " return to his side", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": " noble death", + "5726b879708984140094cf01": " Chinese", "5726b879708984140094cf02": " Jamukha", - "5726b879708984140094cf03": " Khasar. His military strategies", - "5726b879708984140094cf04": " Jochi", - "5726b879708984140094cf05": " Jochi", - "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": " Genghis Khan", - "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "Genghis Khan", - "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": " Khagan was not conferred on Genghis until after his death", - "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": " Khagan was not conferred on Genghis until after his death", - "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "Genghis Khan", + "5726b879708984140094cf03": " Khasar", + "5726b879708984140094cf04": " good intelligence", + "5726b879708984140094cf05": " Jamukha (who also wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes) and Wang Khan", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": " 1206", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": " Khuruldai", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "Genghis Khan", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": " \u00d6gedei", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": " the \"Mongols\" (as they became known collectively). At a Khuruldai, a council of Mongol chiefs", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": " Jin dynasty", - "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": " Genghis Khan", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": " Ming-Tan", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": " 1211", - "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": " south to Kaifeng", - "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": " \u00d6gedei Khan. The Jin dynasty collapsed in 1234", - "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": " Genghis Khan decided to conquer the Qara Khitai and defeat Kuchlug", - "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": " Genghis Khan", - "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": "20,000", - "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "20,000", - "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "The Arrow\".", - "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": " 1218", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": " Kaifeng", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": " \u00d6gedei Khan", + "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": " Genghis Khan", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": " Mongol Empire", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": " two tumen (20,000", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": " Jebe", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "The Arrow", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": " inciting internal revolt", "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": " west of Kashgar", - "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": " Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia (Khwarezmid Empire), a Muslim state that reached the Caspian Sea", - "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": " Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia (Khwarezmid Empire), a Muslim state that reached the Caspian Sea", - "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": " Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia (Khwarezmid Empire), a Muslim state that reached the Caspian Sea", - "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": " Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad. Genghis Khan", - "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": " 100,000 soldiers", - "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": "two", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": " Lake Balkhash", + "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": " Khwarezmia", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": " Muslim", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": " Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": " Inalchuq", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": " Mongols and a Muslim", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": " 100,000", - "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": " Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad. Genghis Khan", - "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": " Tien Shan mountains", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": " Silk Road", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": " Tien Shan", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": " three", - "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": " Jochi", - "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": " Jochi", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": " the southeast part of Khwarzemia", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": " Tolui", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": " Samarkand", - "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": " Otrar", - "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": " Subutai", - "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": " Genghis Khan ordered the wholesale massacre of many of the civilians, enslaved the rest of the population and executed Inalchuq by pouring molten silver", - "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": " Subutai and Jebe to hunt him down, giving them 20,000 men and two years to do this. The Shah died under mysterious circumstances", - "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": " Subutai", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": " superior strategy and tactics", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": " Otrar", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": " molten silver", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": " fled rather than surrender", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": " Inalchuq", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": " Samarkand", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": " Bukhara", - "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": " Khwarezmid Empire", - "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": " body shields", - "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": " Genghis supposedly reneged on his surrender terms", - "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": " body shields", - "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": " Bukhara was not heavily fortified", - "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": " Bukhara was not heavily fortified", - "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": " Bukhara was not heavily fortified", - "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": " the city's surviving population assemble in the main mosque of the town, where he declared that he was the flail of God", - "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": " Genghis Khan", - "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": " 1220, Genghis Khan gathered his forces in Persia and Armenia", - "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": " 1220, Genghis Khan gathered his forces in Persia and Armenia", - "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": " 1220, Genghis Khan gathered his forces in Persia and Armenia", - "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": " Kievan force. They also may have fought against the neighboring Volga Bulgars", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": " divert a river", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": " captured enemies", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": " reneged on his surrender terms and executed every soldier that had taken arms against him", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": " pyramids of severed heads", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": " opened the gates to the Mongols", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": " The city leaders", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": " Survivors from the citadel were executed, artisans and craftsmen", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": " the flail of God", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": " young men", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": " 1220", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": " Subutai", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": " Armenia and Azerbaijan", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": " Battle of Kalka River", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": " Mstislav the Bold of Halych and Mstislav III", - "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": " 1237", - "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": " 1237", - "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": " Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus' in 1237", - "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": " 1237", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": " Batu", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": " Genghis Khan's grandson Batu and the Golden Horde", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": " Jebe died on the road back to Samarkand. The famous cavalry expedition led by Subutai and Jebe", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": " soon afterwards", "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": " Samarkand", - "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": " November, Genghis laid siege to the Tangut city Lingzhou", - "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": " Lingzhou", - "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": " Lingzhou", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": " 1226", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": " autumn", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": " Mongols", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": " Yellow River", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": " five stars", - "57272dd55951b619008f8697": " Liupanshan", + "57272dd55951b619008f8697": " Ning Hia", "57272dd55951b619008f8698": " Ma Jianlong", "57272dd55951b619008f8699": " arrows", - "57272dd55951b619008f869a": " Liupanshan (Qingshui County", - "57272dd55951b619008f869b": " Liupanshan", + "57272dd55951b619008f869a": " Liupanshan", + "57272dd55951b619008f869b": " executed", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": " Jochi", - "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": " Chagata", - "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": " Chagatai. In The Secret History of the Mongols, just before the invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire", - "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": " Jochi", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": " Chagatai", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": " invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": " \u00d6gedei", "57272ff2708984140094dabd": " Chagatai and Jochi", "57272ff2708984140094dabe": " Chagatai and Jochi", - "57272ff2708984140094dabf": " Chagatai and Jochi", + "57272ff2708984140094dabf": " Chagatai", "57272ff2708984140094dac0": " Chagatai and Jochi", "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": " 1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": " Khorasan", - "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "Genghis Khan", - "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "Genghis Khan", - "5727311d5951b619008f86af": "Genghis Khan", - "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": " Marco Polo", - "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": " hunting and died because of the injury. He was already old and tired from his journeys. The Galician\u2013Volhynian Chronicle", - "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": " Marco Polo wrote that he died after the infection of an arrow wound", - "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": " Marco Polo", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": " Urgench", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": " Sultan Muhammad, brought this land to life and gave assistance and support to the Muslims", + "5727311d5951b619008f86af": " response to hearing of these plans", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": " Yinchuan", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": " fell from his horse while hunting", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": " arrow", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": " Western Xia", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": " Oirads", - "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": " Genghis Khan Mausoleum", - "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": " Mongolia and presumably to his birthplace in Khentii Aimag, where many assume he is buried somewhere close to the Onon River", - "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": " River", - "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": " Mongolia", - "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": " Yan'an", - "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": " Yan'an some 900 km on carts to safety at a Buddhist monastery, the Dongshan Dafo Dian", - "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": " 200 km farther west to the famous Tibetan monastery of Kumbum Monastery", - "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": " 1956", - "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": " 1970s", - "57273581708984140094daeb": " October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", - "57273581708984140094daec": " Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", - "57273581708984140094daed": " Genghis Khan", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": " without markings", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": " Khentii", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": " Onon River", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": " Genghis Khan Mausoleum", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": " Edsen Khoroo", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": " Dongshan Dafo Dian", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": " Mongolia", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": " 1939", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": " Red Guards", + "57273581708984140094daeb": " October 6, 2004", + "57273581708984140094daec": " river", + "57273581708984140094daed": " Sumerian King Gilgamesh of Uruk and Atilla", "57273581708984140094daee": " horses", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": " Genghis Khan", - "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": " Genghis Khan", - "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": " Genghis Khan. The Mongol Empire did not emphasize the importance of ethnicity and race in the administrative realm, instead adopting an approach grounded in meritocracy", - "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": " a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", - "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": " Genghis Khan. The Mongol Empire did not emphasize the importance of ethnicity and race in the administrative realm, instead adopting an approach grounded in meritocracy", - "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": " Genghis Khan, Ong Khan, his mentor and eventual rival, had converted to Nestorian Christianity", - "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": " Ong Khan, his mentor and eventual rival, had converted to Nestorian Christianity", - "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": " Genghis Khan, Ong Khan, his mentor and eventual rival, had converted to Nestorian Christianity", - "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": " Shamanist", - "572739a75951b619008f86f7": " Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state", - "572739a75951b619008f86f8": " the Pax Mongolica", - "572739a75951b619008f86f9": " Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": " Yassa", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": " meritocracy", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": " Genghis Khan and his family", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": " Genghis Khan", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": " tax exemptions", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": " Ong Khan", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": " tolerance", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": " Shamanist, Buddhist or Christian", + "572739a75951b619008f86f7": " T\u00f6regene Khatun", + "572739a75951b619008f86f8": " Pax Mongolica", + "572739a75951b619008f86f9": " Chinese", "572739a75951b619008f86fa": " civil state", - "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": " Chu'Tsai,", - "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": " Genghis Khan invited a Khitan prince", - "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": " Jin", - "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": " Jin dynasty", - "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": " a great deal of autonomy", + "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": " Chu'Tsai", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": " they were nomads", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": " Mongol army after the Jin dynasty", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": " Khitan rulers", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": " Muqali, Jebe and Subutai", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": " Karakorum", - "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": " Genghis Khan was fighting in Central Asia", - "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": " Jin dynasty", - "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": " Genghis Khan also expected unwavering loyalty", - "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": " cutting off resources for cities and towns by diverting certain rivers", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": " Muqali", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": " Subutai and Jebe", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": " unwavering loyalty", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": " rivers", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": " Muslim and Chinese siege engines", - "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", - "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", - "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": " Caspian Sea", - "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": " 1227", - "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": " Persia", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": " ambush and counterattack", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": " siege warfare", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": " Sea of Japan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": " Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": " \u00d6gedei Khan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": " 1279", - "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": " Silk Road", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": " Turkey", - "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": " Turkey", - "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": " Turkey", - "5727404b708984140094db59": " the Mongolian People's Republic period", - "5727404b708984140094db5a": " historical records written by non-Mongolians are unfairly biased", - "5727404b708984140094db5b": " Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity has had a powerful revival partly because of his perception during the Mongolian People's Republic period", - "5727404b708984140094db5c": " Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity has had a powerful revival partly because of his perception during the Mongolian People's Republic period", - "5727404b708984140094db5d": " Mongolian People's Republic period", - "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": " Chinggis Khaan International Airport", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": " tolerant", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": " increased communication", + "5727404b708984140094db59": " early 1990s", + "5727404b708984140094db5a": " his butchery", + "5727404b708984140094db5b": " \"Genghis Khan's children\", and to Genghis Khan as the \"father of the Mongols\"", + "5727404b708984140094db5c": " unfairly biased", + "5727404b708984140094db5d": " unfairly biased", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": " t\u00f6gr\u00f6g", "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": " Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": " Chinggis Khaan International Airport", - "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": " Chinggis Khaan International Airport", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": " to avoid trivialization", "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": " Ulaanbaatar", - "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": " fundamental figure in the founding of the Mongol Empire", - "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": " 850th anniversary of Chinggis Khaan", - "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": " Mongolians see him as the fundamental figure in the founding of the Mongol Empire", - "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": " fundamental figure in the founding of the Mongol Empire", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": " Ikh Zasag", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": " illegal matters related to corruption and bribery", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": " Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": " Ikh Zasag (Great Administration), the first written Mongolian law. \"Ikh Zasag law", "57275250708984140094dc25": " Inner Mongolia region", "57275250708984140094dc26": " 5 million", - "57275250708984140094dc27": " 65 years", - "57275250708984140094dc28": " Kublai Khan", - "57275250708984140094dc29": " 65 years", - "572753af708984140094dc2f": " Steven R. Ward", + "57275250708984140094dc27": " Kublai Khan", + "57275250708984140094dc28": " Yuan dynasty", + "57275250708984140094dc29": " great military leader and political genius", + "572753af708984140094dc2f": " Iran", "572753af708984140094dc30": " three-fourths", "572753af708984140094dc31": " 10 to 15 million", - "572754cd5951b619008f8863": " Hulagu Khan destroyed much of Iran's northern part and sacked Baghdad although his forces were halted by the Mamluks of Egypt", - "572754cd5951b619008f8864": " Egypt", - "572754cd5951b619008f8865": " Hulagu Khan destroyed much of Iran's northern part and sacked Baghdad although his forces were halted by the Mamluks of Egypt", + "572754cd5951b619008f8863": " Hulagu Khan", + "572754cd5951b619008f8864": " Mamluks of Egypt", + "572754cd5951b619008f8865": " Ghazan Khan", "572754cd5951b619008f8866": " 1237", "572754cd5951b619008f8867": " Novgorod and Pskov", - "572756715951b619008f8877": " Mongol atrocities committed against the Khwarizim Shahs, Turks, Persians, the citizens of Baghdad and Damascus", + "572756715951b619008f8877": " Mughal emperors", "572756715951b619008f8878": " Genghis Khan", - "572756715951b619008f8879": " Genghis Khan", - "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": "Lake Baikal", + "572756715951b619008f8879": " Nishapur", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": " tengg", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": "Lake Baikal", - "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": " Genghis tenggis they could have said, and written, \"Tenggis Khan", - "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": " Genghis tenggis they could have said, and written, \"Tenggis Khan\",", - "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "Tenggis Khan", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": "right\", \"just\", or \"true", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": "ocean", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "Chinggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": " Chinggis Khaan", - "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": " Mongolian Chinggis Khaan", - "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": " Chinese", - "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": " Jenghis Khan", - "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": " Chinese", - "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": " Greek word Pharmakeia", - "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": " The Greek word Pharmakeia", - "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": " sorcery", - "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": " herbal remedies were on offer to a large extent. The pharmas also used many other herbs not listed. The Greek word Pharmakeia", - "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": " Greek word Pharmakeia", - "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes", - "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes", - "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education", - "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes", - "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes", - "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": " by other senior pharmacy technicians", - "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": " once qualified has to register as a professional on the General Pharmaceutical Council", - "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": " the governing body", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": " variety of ways in different languages such as Mongolian Chinggis Khaan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": " simplified Chinese", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": " Tem\u00fcjin", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": " Ch\u00e9ngj\u00eds\u012b", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": " pharma", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": " tobacco and patent medicines", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": " sorcery or even poison", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": " outdated or only approproriate", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": " herbs", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": " healthcare professionals", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": " optimal health outcomes", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": " optimisation", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": " to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": " quality use of medicines", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": " a pharmacist", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": " General Pharmaceutical Council", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": " pharmacy health care", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": " health care professional", - "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": " health care professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy", - "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": " Latin translation De Materia Medica", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": " register as a professional", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": " writing a five volume book", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": " De Materia Medica", - "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": " title coined the term materia medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": " materia medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": " Diocles of Carystus", - "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": " Diocles of Carystus", - "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": " Taih\u014d Code", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": " Pedanius", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": " highly respected", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": " Taih\u014d Code", - "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": " Taih\u014d Code", - "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": " Taih\u014d Code", - "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": " Taih\u014d Code", - "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": " Peter of Abano", - "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": " Peter of Abano", - "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": " Peter of Abano", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": " Meiji Restoration", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": " superior", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": " ranked above the two personal physicians", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": " botany and chemistry", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": " Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": " Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": " Peter of Abano", - "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": " Peter of Abano", - "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": " Dubrovnik", - "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": " Dubrovnik", - "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": " Ll\u00edvia, a Catalan enclave", - "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": " Dubrovnik, Croatia, located inside the Franciscan monastery, opened in 1317; and in the Town Hall Square", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": " De Medicinis universalibus et particularibus by 'Mesue' the younger, and the Medicamentis simplicibus", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": " 15th century", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": " Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": " a museum", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": " old prescription books and antique drugs", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": " 1221", - "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": " storage conditions", - "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": " automation", - "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": " automation", - "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": " automation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": " pharmacy legislation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": " dealing with patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": " automation to assist them in their new role dealing with patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": " patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": " storage conditions", - "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": " a pharmacy practice residency", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": " hospitals", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": " hematology/oncology", - "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "i.e., drug interactions", - "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": " a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area. Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists", - "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": " Hospital", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": " specific indications, effectiveness of treatment regimens, safety of medications (i.e., drug interactions) and patient compliance", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": " clinical pharmacists", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": " the premises of the hospital", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": " unit-dose", - "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": " high risk preparations and some other compounding functions to companies who specialize in compounding. The high cost of medications and drug-related technology", - "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": " at the highest level possible", - "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": " unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine. Hospital pharmacists and trained pharmacy technicians", - "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "Pharmacists provide direct patient care services", - "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": " inside hospitals and clinics. Clinical pharmacists often collaborate with physicians and other healthcare professionals", - "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": " direct patient care services", - "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": " direct patient care services", - "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": " provide direct patient care services", - "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": " creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan", - "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": " creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals", - "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": " creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals", - "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": " potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", - "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": " full independent prescribing authority", - "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": " full independent prescribing authority. In some states such North Carolina and New Mexico", - "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": " full independent prescribing authority", - "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": " full independent prescribing authority", - "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": " VA", - "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "i.e. \"cognitive services", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": " high risk preparations", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": " high cost of medications and drug-related technology, combined with the potential impact of medications and pharmacy services on patient-care outcomes and patient safety", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": " stock a larger range of medications", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": " direct patient care services that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": " inside hospitals and clinics", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": " physicians and other healthcare professionals", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": " patient care rounds drug product selection", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": " all health care settings", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": " creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": " an evaluation of the appropriateness of the drug therapy", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": " identifying goals of therapy, and reviewing all prescribed medications", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": " potential drug interactions", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": " full independent prescribing", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": " North Carolina and New Mexico", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": " 2011", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": " Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": " the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH", + "5726ea985951b619008f8261": " medication regimen review", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": " nursing homes", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": " Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica", - "5726ea985951b619008f8264": " nursing homes", - "5726ea985951b619008f8265": " consultant pharmacists", - "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": " brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", + "5726ea985951b619008f8264": " because many elderly people are now taking numerous medications but continue to live outside of institutional settings", + "5726ea985951b619008f8265": " employ consultant pharmacists and/or provide consulting services", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": " about the year 2000", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": " brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", - "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": " brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", - "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": " brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", - "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": " brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", - "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": " avoid the \"inconven", - "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": " without requiring a prescription. Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid the \"inconven", - "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": " without requiring a prescription", - "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": " without requiring a prescription. Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid the \"inconven", - "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": " without requiring a prescription. Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid the \"inconven", - "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor/practitioner", - "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": " must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner", - "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor/practitioner", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": " online pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": " if they are homebound", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": " method by which the medications are requested and received", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": " to avoid the \"inconvenience\" of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": " Internet pharmacies", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": " potentially dangerous", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": " prescription drugs without requiring a prescription", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": " sell prescription drugs", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": " ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": " issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner acting in the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": " ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": " a legitimate medical purpose", - "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": " filling pharmacy has a corresponding responsibility to ensure that the prescription is valid", - "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": " The filling pharmacy", - "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor/practitioner", - "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": " reduce consumer costs", - "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": " Food and Drug Administration", - "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": " Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and federal laws, enforcement is generally targeted at international drug suppliers, rather than consumers", - "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": " reduce consumer costs", - "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": " to legalize importation of medications from Canada", - "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science", - "5726f2375951b619008f8310": " combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science", - "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science", - "5726f2375951b619008f8312": " combination of pharmacy practice science", - "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science", - "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": " 19", - "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": " lab monitoring", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": " to ensure that the prescription is valid", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": " doctor", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": " Vicodin", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": " to reduce consumer costs", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": " Canada", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": " international drug suppliers", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": " U.S. citizens", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": " legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries", + "5726f2375951b619008f830f": " pharmacy practice science and applied information science", + "5726f2375951b619008f8310": " information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8311": " major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals", + "5726f2375951b619008f8312": " practice areas of pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8313": " quickly", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": " 19 of 28 newly FDA approved medications in 2013 being specialty drugs", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": " 19 of 28", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": " cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis", - "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": " high", - "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": " lab monitoring", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": " high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled medications", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": " lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": " separately", - "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": " percent", - "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": " no patient exploitation and patients have the right to a written prescription that can be filled elsewhere. 7 to 10 percent", - "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": " percent", - "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": " separately", - "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": " Austria", - "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": " The law requires that the GP practice be located in a designated rural area", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": " pharmacists", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": " American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": " 7 to 10 percent", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": " give them \"kickback\" payments", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": " Kingdom", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": " rural areas in the United Kingdom", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": " 1.6 kilometres", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": " 1.6 kilometres", - "5726f7715951b619008f838d": " high risk of a conflict of interest", - "5726f7715951b619008f838e": " self", - "5726f7715951b619008f838f": " self", - "5726f7715951b619008f8391": " self-interest", - "5726f7715951b619008f8390": " self", - "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": " within the health care system. Rather than simply dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills", - "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": " within the health care system. Rather than simply dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills", - "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": " become more integral within the health care system. Rather than simply dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills", - "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": " dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills", - "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": " become more integral within the health care system. Rather than simply dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills", + "5726f7715951b619008f838d": " the high risk of a conflict of interest", + "5726f7715951b619008f838e": " he or she can then sell more medications to the patient", + "5726f7715951b619008f838f": " checks and balances system", + "5726f7715951b619008f8391": " directly conflicts with the patient's interest in obtaining cost-effective medication", + "5726f7715951b619008f8390": " in obtaining cost-effective medication", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": " more integral within the health care system", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": " integral within the health care system", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": " the clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": " Medication Therapy Management (MTM) includes the clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": " increased patient health outcomes", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": " Alberta and British Columbia", - "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": " remuneration", - "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": " remuneration from the Australian Government for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews", - "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": " the Doctor of Pharmacy", - "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": " one or two years of residency or fellowship training", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": " the Australian Government", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": " medicine use reviews", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": " pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": " Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.) degree", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": " the mortar and pestle", - "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "Rx\"", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": " show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": " Netherlands", - "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": " Germany", - "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": " France", - "5726e65e708984140094d53d": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "5726e65e708984140094d53e": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "5726e65e708984140094d53f": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "5726e65e708984140094d540": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": " blood\u2013brain barrier", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": " Germany and Austria", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": " France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India", + "5726e65e708984140094d53d": " a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", + "5726e65e708984140094d53e": " disease", + "5726e65e708984140094d53f": " innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", + "5726e65e708984140094d540": " humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity. In humans, the blood\u2013brain barrier", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": " a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": " disease", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": " innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": " disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": " pathogens", - "5728eff82ca10214002daade": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": " blood\u2013brain barrier", + "5728eff82ca10214002daade": " humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity. In humans, the blood\u2013brain barrier", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": " blood\u2013brain barrier, blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid\u2013brain barriers", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": " pathogens", - "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": " blood\u2013brain barrier", - "5726eb785951b619008f8275": " phagocytosis", - "5726eb785951b619008f8276": " enzymes", - "5726eb785951b619008f8277": " plants and invertebrates. These mechanisms include phagocytosis", - "5726eb785951b619008f8278": " immunological memory after an initial response", - "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": " enzymes that protect against bacteriophage", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": " innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": " humoral immunity", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": " humoral immunity", + "5726eb785951b619008f8275": " by the immune system", + "5726eb785951b619008f8276": " rudimentary", + "5726eb785951b619008f8277": " plants and invertebrates", + "5726eb785951b619008f8278": " creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen", + "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": " bacteriophage", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": " defensins", - "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": " immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen", - "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": " Adaptive (or acquired) immunity", - "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": " hyperactive immune system", - "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": " the immune system is less active than normal", - "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": " hyperactive immune system", - "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": " hyperactive immune system", - "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": " Hashimoto's thyroiditis", - "5728f2e26aef051400154896": " hyperactive immune system", - "5728f2e26aef051400154897": " foreign organisms", - "5728f2e26aef051400154898": " hyperactive immune system", - "5728f2e26aef051400154899": " HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system", - "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": " 430 BC", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": " vaccination", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": " acquired", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": " autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": " when the immune system is less active than normal", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": " recurring and life-threatening infections", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": " the immune system is less active than normal", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": " Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus", + "5728f2e26aef051400154896": " recurring and life-threatening infections", + "5728f2e26aef051400154897": " autoimmunity", + "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Disorders", + "5728f2e26aef051400154899": " HIV/AIDS", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": " plague of Athens in 430 BC", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": " scorpion", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": " Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": " Walter Reed", - "5728f3724b864d1900165116": " Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", - "5728f3724b864d1900165117": " Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", - "5728f3724b864d1900165118": " Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", + "5728f3724b864d1900165116": " Robert Koch", + "5728f3724b864d1900165117": " microorganisms", + "5728f3724b864d1900165118": " yellow fever virus", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": " 430 BC", - "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": " its recognition of the pathogen. This improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated", - "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": " bacteria", - "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": " vertebrates possess a second layer of protection", - "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": " physical barriers", - "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": " the innate response. Here", - "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": " faster and stronger attacks", - "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": " evade the innate response, vertebrates possess a second layer", - "5728f7774b864d190016512e": " self molecules are those components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system. Conversely, non-self molecules", - "5728f7774b864d190016512f": " self molecules are those components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances", - "5728f7774b864d1900165130": " antigens", - "5728f7774b864d1900165131": " non-self molecules", - "5728f7774b864d1900165132": " non-self molecules are those recognized as foreign molecules. One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for antibody generators", - "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": " host defense", - "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": " non-specific, meaning these systems respond to pathogens in a generic way", - "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": " components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms, or when damaged, injured or stressed cells send out alarm signals", - "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": " damaged, injured or stressed cells send out alarm signals", - "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": " The waxy cuticle", - "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": " The waxy cuticle", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": " immunological memory", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": " immunological memory, and allows the adaptive immune system", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": " immunological memory", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": " Innate immune systems", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": " vertebrates possess a second layer of protection, the adaptive immune system", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": " the innate response", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": " physical barriers", + "5728f7774b864d190016512e": " self and non-self", + "5728f7774b864d190016512f": " self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d1900165130": " self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d1900165131": " antigens", + "5728f7774b864d1900165132": " specific immune receptors", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": " pattern recognition receptors", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": " The innate immune system", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": " microorganisms", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": " non-specific", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": " chemical, and biological barriers", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": " waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": " coughing and sneezing", - "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": " coughing and sneezing", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": " mucus", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": " tears and urine", - "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": " Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following menarche", - "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": " tears, and breast milk are also antibacterials. Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following menarche, when they become slightly acidic", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": " lysozyme and phospholipase A2", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": " lysozyme and phospholipase A2", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": " defensins", - "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": " acid", - "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": " chemical barrier following menarche", - "5728fd206aef05140015494c": " pH", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": " gastric acid and proteases", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": " menarche", + "5728fd206aef05140015494c": " commensal flora", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": " fungi", - "5728fd206aef05140015494e": " pure cultures", + "5728fd206aef05140015494e": " lactobacilli", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": " pH", - "572900f73f37b31900477f69": " eicosanoids", - "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": " eicosanoids", - "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": " Eicosanoids include prostaglandins", + "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": " increased blood flow into tissue", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": " eicosanoids and cytokines", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": " prostaglandins", - "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": " chemokines", - "572905ce1d04691400778f83": " acquiring nutrients, but this role was extended in phagocytes to include engulfment of pathogens as a defense mechanism", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": " interleukins", + "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "Phagocytosis", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": " cytokines", - "572905ce1d04691400778f85": " in an intracellular vesicle", - "572905ce1d04691400778f86": " phagolysosome. The pathogen is killed by the activity of digestive enzymes", + "572905ce1d04691400778f85": " a phagosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f86": " a phagolysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": " acquiring nutrients", - "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": " 50%", - "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": " 50%", - "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": " 50%", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils and macrophages", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": " 50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": " chemotaxis", - "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": " scavengers", - "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": " phagocytes", - "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": " phagocytes", - "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": " phagocytes", - "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "white blood cells", - "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": " skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and intestines", - "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": " skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and intestines", - "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": " skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and intestines", + "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": " interleukin 1", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": " adaptive", + "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells", + "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": " neuronal dendrites", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": " Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": " T cells", - "5729f06f1d04691400779674": " tumor cells", - "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "missing self.\" For many years it was unclear how NK cells recognize tumor cells", - "5729f06f1d04691400779675": " low levels", + "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", + "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells", + "5729f06f1d04691400779675": " MHC I", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": " killer cell immunoglobulin receptors", - "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": " early vertebrates", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": " vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": " antigen presentation", - "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": " specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells", - "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": " the killer T cell", - "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": " antigens", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": " pathogens or pathogen-infected cells", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": " the killer T cell and the helper T cell", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": " regulatory", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": " Class I MHC molecules", - "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": " Class I MHC", - "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "non-self", - "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": " host cells", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": " Class II", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": " killer T cell and the helper T cell", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": " CD8", - "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": " sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses", - "5729f39a6aef051400155150": " T cell killing of host cells", - "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": " cytotoxins", - "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": " antibody-producing B cells", - "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": " 200", - "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": " 200", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "TCR", + "5729f39a6aef051400155150": " granulysin", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": " perforin", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": " T cell receptors (TCR) that recognize antigen bound to Class II MHC molecules. The MHC:antigen complex", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": " 200\u2013300", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": " 200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": " cytokines", - "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": " CD40 ligand (also called CD154", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": " CD40", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": " helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", - "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "TCR)", - "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "ange TCR genes to produce receptor diversity and can also develop a memory phenotype", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": " T cell receptor (TCR", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": " cytotoxic T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": " receptor diversity", - "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": " within hours", - "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": " bacterial toxins", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": " V\u03b39/V\u03b42", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": " B cell", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": " proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": " lymphokines", - "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "lived memory cells", - "5729f799af94a219006aa708": " remember each specific pathogen", + "5729f799af94a219006aa707": " long-lived memory cells", + "5729f799af94a219006aa708": " passive", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": " passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": " each specific pathogen", - "5729f8516aef05140015516c": " Breast milk or colostrum", - "5729f8516aef05140015516d": " across the placenta", - "5729f8516aef05140015516e": " bacterial infections", - "5729f8516aef05140015516f": " short-term, lasting from a few days", - "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": " testosterone", - "5729f9953f37b31900478620": " testosterone", - "5729f9953f37b31900478621": " puberty", - "5729f9953f37b31900478622": " testosterone seem to be immunosuppressive", - "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": " T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms, can be affected through the disturbance of natural light and dark cycles", - "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": " heart disease", + "5729f8516aef05140015516c": " microbes", + "5729f8516aef05140015516d": " IgG", + "5729f8516aef05140015516e": " antibody-rich serum", + "5729f8516aef05140015516f": " short-term", + "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": " immunomodulators", + "5729f9953f37b31900478620": " adaptive and innate", + "5729f9953f37b31900478621": " lupus erythematosus", + "5729f9953f37b31900478622": " immunosuppressive", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": " NFIL3", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": " heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": " sleep deprivation", - "5729fb003f37b31900478627": " vitamin D levels", + "5729fb003f37b31900478627": " hormone levels", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": " vitamin D", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": " thyroid hormone", - "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": " less cholecalciferol", - "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": " using killer T cells", - "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": " NK cells", + "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": " cholecalciferol", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": " killer T cells", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": " MHC class I", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": " viral antigens", - "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": " abnormal cells using killer T cells", - "5729fd111d046914007796a5": " cells", + "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": " killer T cells, sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens", + "5729fd111d046914007796a5": " phagocytic cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": " Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", - "5729fd111d046914007796a7": " apoptosis", - "5729fd111d046914007796a8": " RNA silencing", - "5729fd111d046914007796a9": " localized hypersensitive response, whereby cells at the site of infection undergo rapid apoptosis", - "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": " normal circumstances, many T cells and antibodies react with \"self\" peptides", + "5729fd111d046914007796a7": " rapid apoptosis", + "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "SAR", + "5729fd111d046914007796a9": " RNA silencing mechanisms", + "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": " autoimmune", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": " self and non-self", - "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": " self", - "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "self\" peptides. One of the functions of specialized cells (located in the thymus", - "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": " obesity", - "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": " obesity", - "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": " 50 years of age", - "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": " obesity", - "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": " obesity", - "5729ffda1d046914007796af": " activation of B and T cells", - "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": " immunization) is to introduce an antigen from a pathogen in order to stimulate the immune system", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": " thymus and bone marrow", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "self\" peptides", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": " young and the elderly", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": " 50 years", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": " obesity, alcoholism, and drug use", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": " obesity, alcoholism, and drug use", + "5729ffda1d046914007796af": " vaccination", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": " immunization", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": " antigen from a pathogen", - "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": " natural specificity of the immune system", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": " natural specificity", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": " enzymes", - "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "ading detection or destruction by the immune system. Bacteria often overcome physical barriers", - "572a019f3f37b31900478645": " insert a hollow tube", - "572a019f3f37b31900478646": " host immune responses", + "572a019f3f37b31900478644": " type III", + "572a019f3f37b31900478645": " move from the pathogen to the host. These proteins are often used to shut down host defenses", + "572a019f3f37b31900478646": " elude host immune responses", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": " Frank Burnet", - "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "nonself\" entities (pathogens", - "572a02483f37b3190047864d": " self/nonself theory of immunity", - "572a02483f37b3190047864e": " self/nonself vocabulary", - "572a03086aef0514001551a2": " Cytotoxic", - "572a03086aef0514001551a3": " cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate or azathioprine. Cytotoxic", - "572a03086aef0514001551a4": " cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate", - "572a03086aef0514001551a5": " cyclosporin prevent T cells from responding to signals correctly by inhibiting signal transduction pathways", - "572a04d51d046914007796cd": " cytotoxic natural killer cells", + "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens", + "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "nonself", + "572a02483f37b3190047864e": " Niels Jerne", + "572a03086aef0514001551a2": " Glucocorticoids", + "572a03086aef0514001551a3": " cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs", + "572a03086aef0514001551a4": " methotrexate or azathioprine", + "572a03086aef0514001551a5": " cyclosporin", + "572a04d51d046914007796cd": " cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": " cortisol and catecholamines", - "572a04d51d046914007796cf": " the presence of melatonin", - "572a04d51d046914007796d0": " anti-inflammatory molecules, such as cortisol and catecholamines", - "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": " vitamin D receptor", + "572a04d51d046914007796cf": " melatonin", + "572a04d51d046914007796d0": " free radical", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": " a vitamin D receptor", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": " calcitriol", - "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": " calcitriol. T-cells have a symbiotic relationship", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": " symbiotic", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": " CYP27B1", - "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": " dendritic cells", - "572a06af3f37b31900478667": " Ribonucleases", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": " dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages", + "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": " defensins", - "572a06af3f37b31900478669": " Ribonucleases", - "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": " Ribonucleases", - "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": " Variable lymphocyte receptors", - "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": " Variable lymphocyte receptors", + "572a06af3f37b31900478669": " phagocytic cells", + "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": " Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": " immunoglobulins and T cell receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": " lamprey and hagfish", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": " Variable lymphocyte receptors", - "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": " Variable lymphocyte receptors", - "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": " lymphocytes", - "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": " the restriction modification system", - "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": " viral pathogens, called bacteriophages", - "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": " block virus replication", - "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": " cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": " adaptive", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": " lymphocytes or an antibody-based humoral response", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": " restriction modification system", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": " viral", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": " CRISPR", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": " Elie Metchnikoff", - "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": " cells \u2013 more precisely, phagocytes", - "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": " Robert Koch and Emil von Behring,", - "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": " soluble components (molecules) found in the organism\u2019s \u201chumors\u201d rather than its cells", - "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": " cancers. Tumor cells often have a reduced number of MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells", - "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": " MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells", - "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": " secreting the cytokine TGF-\u03b2, which suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": " phagocytes", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": " Robert Koch and Emil von Behring", + "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": " soluble components (molecules) found in the organism\u2019s \u201chumors\u201d", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": " cancers", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": " MHC class I molecules", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": " TGF-\u03b2", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": " macrophages and lymphocytes", - "572a0bf96aef051400155204": " Type IV hypersensitivity (also known as cell-mediated or delayed type hypersensitivity) usually takes between two and three days", - "572a0bf96aef051400155205": " two and three days", - "572a0bf96aef051400155206": " between two and three days", - "572a0bf96aef051400155207": " Type IV hypersensitivity (also known as cell-mediated or delayed type hypersensitivity) usually takes between two and three days", - "572a0bf96aef051400155208": " Type IV hypersensitivity (also known as cell-mediated or delayed type hypersensitivity) usually takes between two and three days", - "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": " from direct contact with immune cells", - "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": " from direct contact with immune cells", - "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": " spends most of its life-cycle inside host cells, where it is shielded from direct contact with immune cells", - "572a0ce11d04691400779700": " from direct contact with immune cells", - "572a0ce11d04691400779701": " Peptostreptococcus magnus", - "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "amino acids", - "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": " essential epitopes concealed", + "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", + "572a0bf96aef051400155205": " four", + "572a0bf96aef051400155206": " immediate or anaphylactic", + "572a0bf96aef051400155207": " IgE", + "572a0bf96aef051400155208": " cytotoxic", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": " intracellular pathogenesis", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": " Salmonella and the eukaryotic parasites", + "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum", + "572a0ce11d04691400779700": " Mycobacterium tuberculosis", + "572a0ce11d04691400779701": " G", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": " antigenic variation", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": " HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": " Trypanosoma brucei", - "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "non-self", - "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": " melanomas", - "572a0f073f37b31900478680": " proteins normally important for regulating cell growth and survival", - "572a0f073f37b31900478681": " at high levels, transforms certain skin cells (e.g. melanocytes", - "572a0f073f37b31900478682": " proteins normally important for regulating cell growth and survival", - "572a0f073f37b31900478683": " melanocytes", - "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "proteomics", - "572a10cd6aef051400155223": " hydrophobic amino acids", - "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "proteomics", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": " antigens", + "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": " immune surveillance", + "572a0f073f37b31900478680": " papillomavirus", + "572a0f073f37b31900478681": " tyrosinase", + "572a0f073f37b31900478682": " melanomas", + "572a0f073f37b31900478683": " melanomas", + "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "500 Da", + "572a10cd6aef051400155223": " hydrophilic amino acids", + "572a10cd6aef051400155224": " immunoinformatics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": " B cells", - "572a10cd6aef051400155226": " immunoinformatics. Immunoproteomics", - "572a12386aef051400155234": " cortisol", + "572a10cd6aef051400155226": " immunoinformatics", + "572a12386aef051400155234": " leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", "572a12386aef051400155235": " APCs", - "572a12386aef051400155236": " sudden drop in blood levels of cortisol", - "572a12386aef051400155237": " long-lasting immune memory through the initiation of Th1 immune responses", + "572a12386aef051400155236": " Th1/Th2", + "572a12386aef051400155237": " Th1", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": " carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": " disrupting their plasma membrane", - "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": " The speed of the response is a result of signal amplification that occurs following sequential proteolytic activation", - "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": " production of peptides that attract immune cells", - "57271c235951b619008f860b": " British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": " signal amplification", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": " catalytic cascade", + "57271c235951b619008f860b": " Civil disobedience", "57271c235951b619008f860c": " apartheid, in the American Civil Rights Movement", - "57271c235951b619008f860d": " 2003 Rose Revolution", + "57271c235951b619008f860d": " Singing Revolution to bring independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": " Ukraine", "57271c235951b619008f860f": " Georgia", - "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": " British", - "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": " British", - "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "Gandhi's campaigns for independence from the British Empire), in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution", - "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": " British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": " Egyptians", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": " the British", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": " unfair laws", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": " unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": " Singing Revolution", - "57271f125951b619008f8635": " Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes", - "57271f125951b619008f8636": " King of Thebes", - "57271f125951b619008f8637": " Polynices a proper burial", - "57271f125951b619008f8638": " Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes", - "57271f125951b619008f8639": " Polynices", - "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": " Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes", + "57271f125951b619008f8635": " Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8636": " King of Thebes, Oedipus", + "57271f125951b619008f8637": " Oedipus", + "57271f125951b619008f8638": " Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8639": " giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": " Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": " King of Thebes", - "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": " King of Thebes", - "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": " Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law", - "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": " Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": " King of Thebes, Oedipus", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": " stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": " stirring speech", "5727213c708984140094da35": " Percy Shelley", - "5727213c708984140094da36": " The Mask of Anarchy", - "5727213c708984140094da38": " Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy", - "5727213c708984140094da39": " Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", - "5727213c708984140094da37": " Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley", + "5727213c708984140094da36": " nonviolent", + "5727213c708984140094da38": " Satyagraha", + "5727213c708984140094da39": " to vast audiences", + "5727213c708984140094da37": " Henry David Thoreau", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": " Percy Shelley", - "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": " The Mask of Anarchy", - "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": " Henry David Thoreau", - "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": " Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", - "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": " Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley", - "572726c9708984140094da7b": " muggers", - "572726c9708984140094da7e": " \"civil disobedience\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen", - "572726c9708984140094da7c": "civil disobedience\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen", - "572726c9708984140094da7d": "civil disobedience\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen", - "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": " Marshall Cohen", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": " unjust forms of authority", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": " nonviolent protest", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": " Masque of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": " Gandhi", + "572726c9708984140094da7b": " muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins", + "572726c9708984140094da7e": " Marshall Cohen", + "572726c9708984140094da7c": " ambiguity", + "572726c9708984140094da7d": " utterly debased", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": " debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": " Marshall Cohen", - "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "civil disobedience\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": " become utterly debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": " Marshall Cohen", - "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "civil disobedience\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen", - "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": " Alice in Wonderland", - "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": " Alice in Wonderland", - "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": " Alice in Wonderland", - "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": " Alice in Wonderland", - "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": " Alice in Wonderland", - "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": " Alice in Wonderland", - "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": " Alice in Wonderland", - "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": " Alice in Wonderland", - "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": " surrounded", - "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": " surrounded by a maze of semantical problems", - "57280f974b864d1900164370": " the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official", - "57280f974b864d1900164371": " two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government", - "57280f974b864d1900164372": " a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", - "57280f974b864d1900164373": "Civil disobedience", - "57280f974b864d1900164374": " two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": " ambiguity", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": " all-encompassing definition", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": " lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": " maze", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": " no more (or no less) meaning", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": " voluminous", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": " semantical problems and grammatical niceties", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": " violent", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": " nonviolent", + "57280f974b864d1900164370": " civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164371": " citizen", + "57280f974b864d1900164372": " relation to the state and its laws", + "57280f974b864d1900164373": " in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict", + "57280f974b864d1900164374": " a constitutional", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": " a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", - "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": " a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse", - "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": " a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse", - "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": " a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse", - "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": " a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse", - "572812e74b864d19001643ce": " The majority may be powerful", - "572812e74b864d19001643cf": " The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right. What", - "572812e74b864d19001643d0": " powerful", - "572812e74b864d19001643d1": " The majority", - "572812e74b864d19001643d2": " The majority", - "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": " The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right. What", - "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": " The majority", - "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": " The majority", - "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": " The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right. What", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": " constitutional impasse", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": " constitutional impasse", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": " citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": " the head of government", + "572812e74b864d19001643ce": " Thoreau", + "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "Resign", + "572812e74b864d19001643d0": " powerful but it is not necessarily right", + "572812e74b864d19001643d1": " confronting him", + "572812e74b864d19001643d2": " elite politicians", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": " Thoreau", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": " individuals", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": " Thoreau", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "Resign.\u201d", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": " powerful", - "5728151b4b864d1900164428": " governmental entities", - "5728151b4b864d1900164429": " the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", - "5728151b4b864d190016442a": " the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions", - "5728151b4b864d190016442b": " governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", - "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": " governmental entities", - "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": " governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", - "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": " governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", - "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": " Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", - "572818f54b864d190016446c": " civil disobedience could be traced back to the Book of Exodus", - "572818f54b864d190016446d": " the Book of Exodus", - "572818f54b864d190016446e": " civil disobedience could be traced back to the Book of Exodus", - "572818f54b864d190016446f": " the Book of Exodus", - "572818f54b864d1900164470": " Stephen Eilmann", - "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": " the Book of Exodus", - "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": " the Book of Exodus", - "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": " the Book of Exodus", - "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": " the Book of Exodus", - "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": " Exodus", - "57281c594b864d19001644a2": " \"carefully chosen and legitimate means", - "57281c594b864d19001644a3": " non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience. Christian Bay", - "57281c594b864d19001644a4": " Black's Law Dictionary", - "57281c594b864d19001644a5": " Black's Law Dictionary", + "5728151b4b864d1900164428": " against governmental entities", + "5728151b4b864d1900164429": " governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", + "5728151b4b864d190016442a": " governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions", + "5728151b4b864d190016442b": " breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": " Brownlee", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": " The same principle, she argues, applies to breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": " that civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": " governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private universities", + "572818f54b864d190016446c": " civil disobedience", + "572818f54b864d190016446d": " covert lawbreaking", + "572818f54b864d190016446e": " disobey rules that conflict with morality", + "572818f54b864d190016446f": " Book of Exodus", + "572818f54b864d1900164470": " Shiphrah and Puah", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": " publicly announced", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": " rules that conflict with morality", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": " lawbreaking", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": " legal obstacles", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": " Book of Exodus", + "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "carefully chosen and legitimate means,\" but holds that they do not have to be non-violent", + "57281c594b864d19001644a3": " Black's Law Dictionary", + "57281c594b864d19001644a4": " civil rebellion", + "57281c594b864d19001644a5": " tolerance", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": " non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": " non-violent", - "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": " constitutional defects", - "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": " non-violent", - "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": " by appeal to constitutional defects", - "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": " Howard Zinn", - "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": " Howard Zinn", - "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": " Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn", - "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": " Howard Zinn", - "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": " Howard Zinn", - "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": " Howard Zinn", - "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": " Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution.\" Howard Zinn", - "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": " Howard Zinn", - "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": " Howard Zinn", - "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": " Howard Zinn", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": " refusal to submit to arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": " one cannot justify a civil disobedients' use of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": " appeal to constitutional defects", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": " Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": " Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": " Ferenc De\u00e1k", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": " Gandhi", + "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": " Revolutionary civil disobedience is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government (or to change cultural traditions", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": " they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": " to render certain laws ineffective", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": " Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": " Gandhi", "572822233acd2414000df555": " Roman Empire", - "572822233acd2414000df556": " Roman Empire[citation needed]. Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem", - "572822233acd2414000df557": " The tax collector", + "572822233acd2414000df556": " prevent the installation of pagan images", + "572822233acd2414000df557": " his arrest was not covered in any newspapers", "572822233acd2414000df558": " higher political office", - "572822233acd2414000df559": " Mexican War", - "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": " Roman Empire", - "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "armed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem", - "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": " Roman Empire[citation needed]. Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem", - "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": " Roman Empire[citation needed]. Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem", - "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": " Roman Empire", - "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": " Julia Butterfly Hill", - "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": " Julia Butterfly Hill", - "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": " Julia Butterfly Hill", - "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": " Luna, a 180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days", - "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": " 738 days", - "5728e5224b864d1900165032": " Julia Butterfly Hill", - "5728e5224b864d1900165033": " Julia Butterfly Hill", - "5728e5224b864d1900165034": " Julia Butterfly Hill", - "5728e5224b864d1900165035": " Julia Butterfly Hill", - "5728e5224b864d1900165036": " Luna, a 180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days", - "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": " sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city council", - "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": " Lebanon, New Hampshire city council", - "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": " engaging in the forbidden speech", - "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": " \"Filthy Words\"", - "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": " Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city council", - "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": " Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city council", - "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": " civil disobedience", - "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": " Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city council", + "572822233acd2414000df559": " until after the end of the Mexican War", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": " during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": " refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": " jail solidarity", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": " jail solidarity", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": " days, weeks and months", + "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": " illegal acts", + "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": " propaganda", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": " the proprietors of illegal medical cannabis dispensaries and Voice in the Wilderness", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": " 738 days", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": " successfully preventing it from being cut down", + "5728e5224b864d1900165032": " just a harassment", + "5728e5224b864d1900165033": " Bedau", + "5728e5224b864d1900165034": " harassment", + "5728e5224b864d1900165035": " harassment", + "5728e5224b864d1900165036": " Julia Butterfly Hill", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": " allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "Wise up or die.\"", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience can consist simply of engaging in the forbidden speech", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": " the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": " 1978", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": " pure speech, civil disobedience", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": " engaging in the forbidden speech", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": " engaging in the forbidden speech", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": " engaging in the forbidden speech", - "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": " Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue", - "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": " GCSB Waihopai by padlocking", - "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": " GCSB", - "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": " civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue", - "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": " Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue", - "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": " Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue", - "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": " Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue", - "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": " Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim", - "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": " illegal boycotts", - "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": " ruder and more impetuous thought or speech corresponding with his action.\"", - "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": " ruder and more impetuous thought or speech corresponding with his action.\"", - "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": " ruder and more impetuous thought or speech", - "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": " ruder and more impetuous thought or speech", - "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": " ruder and more impetuous thought or speech corresponding with his action.\"", - "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": " punishment", - "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": " criminal law", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": " civil disobedience", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": " padlocking", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": " GCSB Waihopai", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": " moral dialogue", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": " coercive", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": " illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": " coercive", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": " to engage in moral dialogue", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": " limited coercion", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": " criminal", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": " use the arrest as an opportunity to make an impression on the officers.", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": " lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": " fear of seeming rude", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": " lack of understanding of the legal ramifications", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": " accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": " their belief in the validity of the social contract", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": " criminal law", - "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": " anarchists, don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": " anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": " criminal law", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": " whether or not to plead guilty", - "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": " whether or not to plead guilty", - "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": " no contest is sometimes regarded as a compromise", - "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": " no contest is sometimes regarded as a compromise", - "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": " a plea of not guilty", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": " submit to the punishment prescribed by law", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "Guilt implies wrong-doing", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "Guilt implies wrong-doing", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": " no contest", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": " Camp Mercury nuclear test site", - "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": " Camp Mercury nuclear test site", - "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": " Camp Mercury nuclear test site", - "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": " Francis Heisler", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": " stepped across the \"line\" and were immediately arrested", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": " arrest", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": " \"nolo contendere", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": " suspended sentences", - "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": " a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice", - "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": " a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice", - "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": " remaining in jail, or by evading it. To accept jail penitently", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": " way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": " continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": " the spirit of protest", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": " part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", - "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": " an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor", - "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": " Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time", - "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": " an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time", - "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": " Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor", - "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": " Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time", - "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": " U.S. v. Burgos", - "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": " U.S. v. Burgos", - "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": " U.S. v. Burgos", - "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": " U.S. v. Burgos", - "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": " civil disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution. In U.S. v. Burgos", - "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "Steven Barkan", - "5728facd4b864d1900165171": " an acquittal and avoid imprisonment", - "5728facd4b864d1900165172": " jury nullification", - "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "Steven Barkan", - "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "Steven Barkan", - "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": " Michael Bay", - "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": " Michael Bay", - "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": " Michael Bay", - "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": " Michael Bay", - "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": " Michael Bay", - "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": " direct civil disobedience", - "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": " violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience", - "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": " direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law.\" During the Vietnam War", - "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "irect civil disobedience", - "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": " the leafleter's own jury as evidence", - "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": " whether it would do more harm than good", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": " plea bargain", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": " civil disobedients", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": " solidarity tactics", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": " blind plea", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": " Mohandas Gandhi", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": " defiant speech", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": " lack of remorse", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": " mistreatment from government officials", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": " lack of remorse", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": " defiant speech", + "5728facd4b864d1900165170": " to win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine", + "5728facd4b864d1900165171": " win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine", + "5728facd4b864d1900165172": " seek jury nullification", + "5728facd4b864d1900165173": " Vietnam War", + "5728facd4b864d1900165174": " jury nullification", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": " attribution", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": " neither conscientious nor of social benefit", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": " any great amount of it would undermine the law by encouraging general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": " to create a test case as to the constitutionality of a law", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": " attribution, or by denying having committed the crime, or by fleeing the jurisdiction", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Indirect civil disobedience", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "Indirect civil disobedience", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": " Vietnam War", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": " shadow defense", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "prosecutors have reasoned (correctly) that if they arrest fully informed jury leafleters", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": " achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": " whether it would do more harm than good", - "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": " Leonard Hubert Hoffmann", - "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": " the most important consideration would be whether it would do more harm than good", - "57273a465951b619008f86ff": " on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent", - "57273a465951b619008f8700": " on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent", - "57273a465951b619008f8701": " percent", - "57273a465951b619008f8702": " six to nine percent", - "57273a465951b619008f8703": " Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent", - "57273cca708984140094db33": " collaboration", - "57273cca708984140094db34": " collaboration", - "57273cca708984140094db35": " planning is essential", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": " the state (including the judges", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": " whether it would do more harm than good", + "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", + "57273a465951b619008f8700": " Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing", + "57273a465951b619008f8701": " six to nine percent", + "57273a465951b619008f8702": " planning,[citation needed] design, and financing", + "57273a465951b619008f8703": " a known client", + "57273cca708984140094db33": " architect", + "57273cca708984140094db34": " architect", + "57273cca708984140094db35": " effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": " megaprojects", - "57273cca708984140094db37": " environmental impact", - "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": ": buildings, infrastructure and industrial. Building construction is usually further divided into residential and non-residential (commercial/institutional). Infrastructure", + "57273cca708984140094db37": " Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": " buildings, infrastructure and industrial", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": " residential and non-residential", - "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": " heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", - "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": " dams", - "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": " three", - "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "ENR) is a trade magazine", - "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": " Top 400", - "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": " transportation", - "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": " transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water", - "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": " building construction", - "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": " subsectors", - "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": " three subsectors", - "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": " building construction, heavy and civil engineering", - "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": " The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": " heavy/highway", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": " Infrastructure", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": " Industrial", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": " a trade magazine for the construction industry", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Engineering News-Record", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": " 2014", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": " transportation", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": " building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": " construction service firms", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": " Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "firms engaged in managing construction projects", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": " small renovations", - "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": " paymaster, and design", - "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": " structural collapse", - "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings. The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations", - "572742bd5951b619008f8785": " local building authority regulations and codes", - "572742bd5951b619008f8786": " brick versus stone", - "572742bd5951b619008f8787": " waste, careful planning again is needed", - "572742bd5951b619008f8788": " Cost of construction on a per square meter (or per square foot", - "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": " Dutch architect Janjaap Ruijssena", - "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": " 20 hours", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": " owner", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": " structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": " make detailed plans", + "572742bd5951b619008f8785": " local building authority regulations", + "572742bd5951b619008f8786": " local building authority regulations", + "572742bd5951b619008f8787": " waste", + "572742bd5951b619008f8788": " Cost of construction", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": " 3D printing technology", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": " around 20 hours", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": " 2014", - "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": " 2 metres", - "572745c6708984140094db9a": " the physical proceedings", - "572745c6708984140094db99": " the translation of designs into reality", - "572745c6708984140094db9b": "i.e. in contract with) the property owner", - "572745c6708984140094db9c": " a quantity surveyor", - "572745c6708984140094db9d": " a contract to the most cost efficient bidder", - "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": " previously separated specialties, especially among large firms", - "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": " separate companies", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": " 2 metres (6 ft 7 in)", + "572745c6708984140094db9a": " plan the physical proceedings", + "572745c6708984140094db99": " designs into reality", + "572745c6708984140094db9b": " the property owner", + "572745c6708984140094db9c": " quantity surveyor", + "572745c6708984140094db9d": " the most cost efficient bidder", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": " previously separated specialties", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": " entirely separate companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping", - "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": " a performance specification", - "57274e975951b619008f87f9": " design-build", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build\" contract", + "57274e975951b619008f87f9": " design-build, partnering and construction management", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": " architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": " establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process", - "57274f67708984140094dbf5": " Underbids happen when builders ask for too little money", - "57274f67708984140094dbf6": " when builders ask for too little money", - "57274f67708984140094dbf7": " when builders ask for too little money", - "57274f67708984140094dbf8": " Financial planning", - "5727502f708984140094dc07": " The presence of the mortgage banker", - "5727502f708984140094dc08": " the owner's equity in the property is the most obvious source of funding for a building project. Accountants", - "5727502f708984140094dc09": " the payouts throughout the process. Cost engineers and estimators", - "5727502f708984140094dc0b": " the contractor identified change orders", - "5727502f708984140094dc0a": " Cost overruns", - "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": " must adhere to zoning and building code requirements", - "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": " zoning and building code requirements", - "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": " bridge collapses or explosions", - "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": " bridge collapses or explosions", - "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": " by arguing that a rule is inapplicable", - "572751b4708984140094dc1b": " confusion", - "572751b4708984140094dc1c": " two", - "572751b4708984140094dc1d": " a delay costs money", - "572751b4708984140094dc1e": " set out clear expectations", - "572751b4708984140094dc1f": " confusion", + "57274f67708984140094dbf5": " preventable financial problems", + "57274f67708984140094dbf6": " builders ask for too little money", + "57274f67708984140094dbf7": " when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs", + "57274f67708984140094dbf8": " preventable financial problems. Underbids happen when builders ask for too little money to complete the project. Cash flow problems", + "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", + "5727502f708984140094dc08": " the mortgage banker", + "5727502f708984140094dc09": " Accountants", + "5727502f708984140094dc0b": " identified change orders or project changes", + "5727502f708984140094dc0a": " Cost engineers and estimators", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": " zoning and building code requirements", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": " the owner", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": " the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": " custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses to a business district and residences", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": " attorney", + "572751b4708984140094dc1b": " construction project", + "572751b4708984140094dc1c": " contract", + "572751b4708984140094dc1d": " that a delay costs money", + "572751b4708984140094dc1e": " capable of performing the obligations", + "572751b4708984140094dc1f": " poorly drafted contracts", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": " relationship contracting", - "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": " co-operation", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": " partnering such as Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": " private finance initiatives", - "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": " co-operation is to ameliorate the many problems that arise from the often highly competitive", - "572753335951b619008f8853": " design the works, prepare the specifications", - "572753335951b619008f8854": " prepare the specifications", - "572753335951b619008f8855": " architect's client and the main contractor", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": " co-operation", + "572753335951b619008f8853": " architect or engineer", + "572753335951b619008f8854": " architect or engineer", + "572753335951b619008f8855": " the architect's client and the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8856": " the main contractor", - "572753335951b619008f8857": " the most common method of construction procurement and is well established and recognized. In this arrangement, the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator", - "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": " giving an overall view of the project's goals", - "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": " the ideas he or she likes best", - "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": " the ideas he or she likes best and hires the appropriate contractor.", - "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": " Once these have been hired, they begin building the first phase of the project. As they build phase 1", - "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": " design phase 2", + "572753335951b619008f8857": " the building is ready", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project, giving an overall view of the project's goals. Several D&B contractors", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": " The owner", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": " several contractors", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": " they design phase 2", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": " the utilities themselves", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": " damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", - "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": " lessens the likelihood of damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", - "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": " the construction adheres to the approved plans", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": " utility lines", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": " municipal building inspector", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": " an occupancy permit", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": " $960 billion", - "572755b7708984140094dc4e": " $960 billion", - "572755b7708984140094dc4f": " $960 billion", - "572755b7708984140094dc50": " 10 employees", - "572755b7708984140094dc51": " $960 billion", - "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": " \u00a342,090", - "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": " \u00a342,090", - "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": " $100,000 annually", - "572756fe708984140094dc71": " three times that for all workers. Falls are one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers. Proper safety equipment", - "572756fe708984140094dc72": " three times that for all workers. Falls are one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers. Proper safety equipment", - "572756fe708984140094dc73": " electrocution", - "572756fe708984140094dc74": " three times that for all workers. Falls are one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers. Proper safety equipment", - "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": " non-governmental, or nonstate schools", - "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": " non-governmental, or nonstate schools", - "572746addd62a815002e9a60": " non-governmental, or nonstate schools", - "572746addd62a815002e9a61": " independent schools", + "572755b7708984140094dc4e": " $680 billion", + "572755b7708984140094dc4f": " 667,000", + "572755b7708984140094dc50": " fewer than 10", + "572755b7708984140094dc51": " 13.2% unemployment rate. In the United States, approximately 828,000", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": " \u00a342,090, compared to \u00a326,719", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": " \u00a326,719", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": " US/Canada", + "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", + "572756fe708984140094dc72": " Falls", + "572756fe708984140094dc73": " electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", + "572756fe708984140094dc74": " Proper safety equipment such as harnesses and guardrails", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": " independent schools", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": " academic scholarship", + "572746addd62a815002e9a60": " charging their students tuition", + "572746addd62a815002e9a61": " select their students", "57274712708984140094dbad": " $45,000", - "57274712708984140094dbae": " $45,000", - "57274712708984140094dbaf": " North America", + "57274712708984140094dbae": " K-12 schools range from nothing at so called 'tuition-free", + "57274712708984140094dbaf": " Australia", "57274712708984140094dbb0": " North America", - "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": " lower sixth) and year 13 (upper sixth). This category includes university-preparatory schools", - "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth). This category includes university-preparatory schools", - "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": " day schools", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": " lower sixth", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "prep schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": " peer tuitions", - "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": " High tuition", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": " the best teachers", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": " Roman Catholic schools", - "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": " Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants, Jews, Muslims and the Orthodox Christians", - "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": " academic subjects", - "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": " prestige", - "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": " stricter and more formal than in government schools - for example, a compulsory blazer", - "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": " prestige", - "57274971708984140094dbbb": "ite", - "57274971708984140094dbbc": " Gregory Terrace", - "57274971708984140094dbbd": "elite", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": " Orthodox", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": " academic", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": " boarding facilities; or stricter discipline based on their power of expulsion", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": " a compulsory blazer", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": " more expensive", + "57274971708984140094dbbb": " Presbyterian Church", + "57274971708984140094dbbc": " Catholic", + "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", "57274971708984140094dbbe": " girls", - "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": " Article 7", - "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": " 1992 and 2008 the percent of pupils in such schools in Germany increased from 6.1% to 7.8%", - "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": " 11", - "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": " 6.1% to 7.8%", - "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": " 11", - "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": " 100%", - "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": " The percentages of public money could reach 100%", - "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": " 100%", - "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": " vocational schools", - "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": " vocational schools", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": " Article 7, Paragraph 4", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": " second Gleichschaltung", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": " 11.1%.", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": " 11.1%.", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": " 11.1%.", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": " Sonderungsverbot", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": " Private Schools", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": " most Ersatzschulen have very low tuition fees", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": " secondary or post-secondary", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": " charging their students tuition fees", - "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": " vocational schools", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": " rarely, religious groups", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": " independent schools", - "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": " receipt of financial aid is considered, not land purchased from the government at a subsidized rate", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": " CBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": " 30", - "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": " receipt of financial aid", - "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": " English", - "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": " English", - "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": " English", - "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": " English", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": " Education appears in the Concurrent list of legislative subjects in the constitution. The practice has been for the union government", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": " societies", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": " India", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": " Annual Status of Education Report", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": " The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), which evaluates learning levels in rural India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": " English", - "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "Irish: scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach)", - "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "Irish: scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach) are unusual because a certain number of teacher's salaries", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": " scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ide", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": " double", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": " \u20ac5,000", - "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": " \u20ac5,000", - "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": " \u20ac5,000", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": " Society of Jesus", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": " \u20ac25,000 per year", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": " 1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": " English", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": " English", - "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "National Type\"", - "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "National Type\" schools", - "57274e145951b619008f87e7": " English", - "57274e145951b619008f87e8": " English", - "57274e145951b619008f87e9": " English", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": " National School", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": " 60", + "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", + "57274e145951b619008f87e8": " fully funded by private parties", + "57274e145951b619008f87e9": " Kathmandu", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": " English", - "57274e145951b619008f87eb": " English", + "57274e145951b619008f87eb": " English, but as a compulsory subject, Nepali", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": " 88", - "57274eca5951b619008f8800": " 88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000 students or 3.7%", - "57274eca5951b619008f8801": " 88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000 students or 3.7%", - "57274eca5951b619008f8802": " Catholic school system", + "57274eca5951b619008f8800": " 88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000", + "57274eca5951b619008f8801": " 3.7%", + "57274eca5951b619008f8802": " Catholic", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "Auckland", - "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": " King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland, St Paul's Collegiate", - "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": " King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland, St Paul's Collegiate School in Hamilton, St Peter's School in Cambridge", - "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": " King's College", - "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": " King's College", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": " Anglican", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": " Wellington", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": " Presbyterian", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": " Christchurch", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": " Catholic schismatic group, the Society of St Pius X", - "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "%", - "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "%", - "5727500f708984140094dbff": "%", + "5727500f708984140094dbfd": " 80%", + "5727500f708984140094dbfe": " 7.5%", + "5727500f708984140094dbff": " 80%", "5727500f708984140094dc00": " August 1992", - "5727500f708984140094dc01": " English, mathematics and natural science", - "572750df5951b619008f882f": " financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools", - "572750df5951b619008f8830": " post-secondary and non-degree programmes, including vocational and technical courses", - "572750df5951b619008f8831": " financial assistance for tuition and other school fees", - "5727515f708984140094dc11": "public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent\"", + "5727500f708984140094dc01": " natural science", + "572750df5951b619008f882f": "The Education Service Contracting scheme", + "572750df5951b619008f8830": " Tuition Fee Supplement", + "572750df5951b619008f8831": " Private Education Student Financial Assistance", + "5727515f708984140094dc11": " The South African Schools Act of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc12": " 1996", - "5727515f708984140094dc13": "public", - "5727515f708984140094dc14": "public\"", - "5727515f708984140094dc15": "public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent", - "57275409708984140094dc35": " set compulsory school fees", - "57275409708984140094dc36": " Former \"Model C\" schools are not private schools", - "57275409708984140094dc37": " set much higher school fees than other public schools", - "572754dd708984140094dc3b": " municipal schools. Over 10%", - "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "%", - "572754dd708984140094dc3d": " 10%", + "5727515f708984140094dc13": "public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent\"", + "5727515f708984140094dc14": " traditional", + "5727515f708984140094dc15": " early nineteenth century", + "57275409708984140094dc35": " state-controlled. All schools in South Africa (including both independent schools and public schools", + "57275409708984140094dc36": " not private schools", + "57275409708984140094dc37": " higher school fees", + "572754dd708984140094dc3b": " Over 10%", + "572754dd708984140094dc3c": " 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000", + "572754dd708984140094dc3d": " 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "The Knowledge School", - "572754dd708984140094dc3f": " municipal schools. Over 10%", - "572756265951b619008f886d": " single-sex (though this is becoming less common). Fees range from under \u00a33,000 to \u00a321,000", - "572756265951b619008f886e": " single-sex (though this is becoming less common). Fees range from under \u00a33,000 to \u00a321,000", - "572756265951b619008f886f": " single-sex (though this is becoming less common). Fees range from under \u00a33,000 to \u00a321,000", - "572756265951b619008f8870": " single-sex (though this is becoming less common). Fees range from under \u00a33,000 to \u00a321,000", - "572756265951b619008f8871": " \u00a33,000 to \u00a321,000", + "572754dd708984140094dc3f": " innovative school voucher model", + "572756265951b619008f886d": " 13 years old", + "572756265951b619008f886e": " public schools", + "572756265951b619008f886f": " 9 per cent", + "572756265951b619008f8870": " 9 per cent", + "572756265951b619008f8871": " \u00a327,000+", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": " Brown v. Board of Education", - "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": " College", - "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": " African-American students", - "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": " College Preparatory", - "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": " African-American students", - "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": " through student tuition", - "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": " subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause", - "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": " student tuition", - "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": " without hassle", - "572759665951b619008f8883": " Massachusetts in 1852", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "segregation academies", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": " South", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": " African-American", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": " African-American", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": " religious organizations", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": " Establishment Clause of the First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": " Blaine Amendments", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": " independent control of their student admissions and course content instead of the public funding they could get with charter status", + "572759665951b619008f8883": " Massachusetts", "572759665951b619008f8884": " 1852", - "572759665951b619008f8885": " Pierce", - "572759665951b619008f8886": " Runyon v. McCrary", - "572759665951b619008f8887": " McCrary", + "572759665951b619008f8885": "1972", + "572759665951b619008f8886": " 268 U.S. 510", + "572759665951b619008f8887": " Wisconsin v. Yoder", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": " $40,000", - "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": " $40,000", - "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": " $40,000 annually for day schools in New York City", - "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": " $40,000 annually for day schools in New York City", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": " $50,000", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": " Groton School", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": " fundraising drives", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": " John Harvard", - "5727aa413acd2414000de922": " 1977 merger with Radcliffe College", - "5727aa413acd2414000de923": " John Harvard", - "5727aa413acd2414000de924": " James Bryant", - "5727aa413acd2414000de925": " James Bryant", - "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": " 79", - "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "Harvard", - "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "Harvard is a large, highly residential research university", + "5727aa413acd2414000de922": " 1977", + "5727aa413acd2414000de923": " James Bryant Conant", + "5727aa413acd2414000de924": " Association of American Universities", + "5727aa413acd2414000de925": " Charles W. Eliot", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": " Harvard Library", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": " 79", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": " 79 individual libraries with over 18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": " eight", - "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": " eight", - "5727aec03acd2414000de991": " Harvard Yard", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": " 242", + "5727aec03acd2414000de991": " Harvard Yard in Cambridge", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": " $37.6 billion", - "5727aec03acd2414000de993": " Harvard Yard", + "5727aec03acd2414000de993": " Charles River", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": " eleven", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": " Harvard Yard", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": " 1636", - "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "Harvard was formed in 1636", - "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": " John of London", - "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": " 1636", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": " Harvard Corporation", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": " 1638", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": " 1638", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": " 1650", - "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": " English university model\u2014\u200b\u200bmany leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge\u2014\u200b\u200bbut conformed Puritanism", - "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": " English university model\u2014\u200b\u200bmany leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge", - "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": " clergymen", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": " Puritan", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": " English university model", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": " never affiliated with any particular denomination", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": " 1804", - "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": " Henry Ware was elected to the chair in 1805, and the liberal Samuel Webber", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": " Samuel Webber", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": " 1805", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": " Louis Agassiz", - "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": " intuition", - "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": " Thomas Reid", - "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": " William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson", - "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": " William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": " intuition and the assumption that a person can grasp the \"divine plan", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": " Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": " Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": " William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson", - "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant", - "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "James Bryant Conant (president", - "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "James Bryant", - "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": " four men attending Harvard College", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant Conant", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": " programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": " 1945", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": " four", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": " 1977", - "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": " male", - "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of the State House", - "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "85", - "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": " south of Harvard Yard", - "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of the State House", - "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus", - "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": " John W. Weeks Bridge is a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River connecting both campuses. The Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine", - "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "The Harvard Business School", - "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": " fifty", - "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": " Cambridge campus", - "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": " fifty percent more land in Allston than in Cambridge", - "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": " 7,200", - "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": " Charles William Eliot", - "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": " 2,400", - "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": " Charles William Eliot", - "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": " Charles William Eliot", - "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": " $159 million", - "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": " $32 billion", - "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": " $1.2 billion Allston Science Complex", - "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": " $159 million", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": " steadily increased", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": " 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": " twelve", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": " Charles River", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": " 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": " Allston", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": " John W. Weeks Bridge", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": " Longwood Medical and Academic Area", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": " fifty percent", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": " new and enlarged bridges", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": " enhanced transit infrastructure, possible shuttles open to the public, and park space", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": " 2,400", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": " 2,400", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": " 14,000", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": " 1875", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": " 1858", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": " $28 billion", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": " 30%", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": " Allston Science Complex", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": " $4.093 million", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": " $159 million", - "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": " 1980s", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": " late 1980s", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": " Duke Kent-Brown", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": " $230 million", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": " 5.3%", - "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": " 5.3%", - "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": " 5.3%", - "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": " 5.3%", - "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": " seven classes outside of their concentration. Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete courses in eight", - "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": " seven classes outside of their concentration. Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete courses in eight", - "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": " Harvard for its reliance on teaching fellows", - "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": " semester", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": " 2007", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": " program was believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": " 2007", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": " seven", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": " eight", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": " reliance on teaching fellows", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": " mid-May", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": " four", - "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": " four", - "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": " Latin honors from 90% in 2004 to 60%", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": " degrees summa cum laude", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": " 60%", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": " $38,000", - "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": " $38,000", - "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": " $38,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": " $57,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": " 10%", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": " $414 million", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": " 88%", - "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": " Harvard Yard", - "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "The Harvard University Library System", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": " Widener Library", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": " Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": " Pusey Library", - "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": " 80", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": " 18 million", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": " three", - "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": " Italian early Renaissance, British pre-Raphaelite, and 19th-century French art. The Harvard Museum of Natural History", - "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": " Arthur M. Sackler Museum", - "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": " 8th", - "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": " Academic Performance", - "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": " The Princeton Review, Harvard is the second most commonly named \"dream college\", both for students and parents", - "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": " 42 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Ivy League", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": " Western art", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": " Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": " 2003", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": " 2011", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": " second", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": " 42", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": " Yale University", - "5727da564b864d1900163e90": " two years when the Harvard and Yale Track and Field", + "5727da564b864d1900163e90": " every two years", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": " 1875", - "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": " 1875", - "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": " football team", - "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "vard", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": " 1903", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": " 1906", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": " Yale", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": " Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": " Lavietes Pavilion", - "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": " five", - "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": " one of the top teams in the country in rowing. Today, Harvard fields top teams in several other sports, such as the Harvard Crimson", - "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": " June on the Thames River", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": " two", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": " 23", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": " Thames River", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": " Cornell", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": " 2003", - "5727de862ca10214002d9860": " Shaun Donovan", - "5727de862ca10214002d9861": " Puntland Abdiweli Mohamed Ali; U.S. Ambassador to the European Union Anthony Luzzatto", + "5727de862ca10214002d9860": " Ban Ki-moon", + "5727de862ca10214002d9861": " Anthony Luzzatto Gardner", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": " Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres", - "5727de862ca10214002d9863": " Mackenzie King and Pierre Trudeau; Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras", - "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": " George de Roerich; and Marshall Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto", + "5727de862ca10214002d9863": " Fan S. Noli; Canadian Prime Ministers Mackenzie King and Pierre Trudeau", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": " Conan O'Brien", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": " Leonard Bernstein", - "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": " George de Roerich; and Marshall Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto", - "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": " George de Roerich; and Marshall Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto", - "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": " Robert Putnam, Joseph Nye, and Stanley Hoffmann", - "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": " Alan Dershowitz", - "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": " biologist E. O. Wilson, cognitive scientist Steven Pinker", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": " Yo Yo Ma", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": " W. E. B. Du Bois", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": " Shing-Tung Yau", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": " Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": " Stephen Greenblatt", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", - "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": " 853,382", - "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": " Duval County", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": " 1,345,596", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": " 12th", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": " Duval County", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": " 1968", - "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": " Andrew Jackson", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": " St. Johns River", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": " 25 miles", - "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": " Andrew Jackson", - "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": " Andrew Jackson", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": " Fort Caroline", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": " Timucua people", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": " Andrew Jackson", - "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": " Blount Island Command", - "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "Harbor improvements", - "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": " Blount Island Command", - "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": " \"Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\" (also spelled \"Jaxons\").", - "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": " Black Hammock Island", - "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville", - "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": " Black Hammock Island", - "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": " Mocama, a coastal subgroup of the Timucua people", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": " third", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": " golf", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": " two", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": " thousands", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": " University of North Florida team", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": " Mocama", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": " the historical era", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": " Ossachite", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": " Jean Ribault", - "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": " Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562", - "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": " Jean Ribault", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": " France", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": " Philip II of Spain ordered Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": " San Mateo", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": " San Mateo", - "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": " 1763", - "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": " Andrew Jackson", - "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": " Andrew Jackson", - "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": " Andrew Jackson", - "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": " Andrew Jackson", - "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": " hogs and cattle being shipped from Florida to aid the Confederate cause", - "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": " February 1864", - "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": " March 1864", - "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": " key supply point for hogs and cattle being shipped from Florida to aid the Confederate cause", - "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": " Cedar Creek", - "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": " St. Augustine became popular winter resorts", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": " the French and Indian War", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": " constructed the King's Road", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": " cattle were brought across the river there", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": " Britain ceded control of the territory back to Spain", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": " February 9, 1832", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": " Confederate", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": " Skirmish of the Brick Church", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": " Battle of Olustee", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": " Warfare and the long occupation", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": " 1864", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": " Reconstruction and the Gilded Age", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": " Grover Cleveland", - "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": " St. Augustine became popular winter resorts", - "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": " St. Augustine became popular winter resorts for the rich and famous. Visitors arrived by steamboat", - "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": " President Grover Cleveland", - "5728170d3acd2414000df443": " Henry John Klutho", - "5728170d3acd2414000df444": " eight", - "5728170d3acd2414000df445": " Henry John Klutho", - "5728170d3acd2414000df446": " Henry John Klutho", - "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": " New York\u2013based filmmakers were attracted to Jacksonville's warm climate", - "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "Winter Film Capital of the World", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": " yellow fever outbreaks", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": " yellow fever", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": " railroad", + "5728170d3acd2414000df443": " kitchen fire", + "5728170d3acd2414000df444": " 146 city blocks, destroyed over 2,000", + "5728170d3acd2414000df445": " Jennings declare martial law", + "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "Great Fire of 1901", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": " New York\u2013based filmmakers", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": " silent", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World", - "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": " 1910s, New York\u2013based filmmakers were attracted to Jacksonville's warm climate", - "57281ab63acd2414000df493": " negative effects of rapid urban sprawl", - "57281ab63acd2414000df494": " 75.8%", - "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": " Hollywood as a major film production center", + "57281ab63acd2414000df493": " construction of highways", + "57281ab63acd2414000df494": " 55.1%", + "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "white flight", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": " Mayor W. Haydon Burns", - "57281ab63acd2414000df497": " negative effects of rapid urban sprawl", + "57281ab63acd2414000df497": " World War II", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": " education, sanitation, and traffic control", - "57281bb84b864d190016449b": " sewage", - "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "Much of the city's tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control", - "57281bb84b864d190016449d": " six referendums between 1960 and 1965", + "57281bb84b864d190016449b": " unincorporated suburbs", + "57281bb84b864d190016449c": " annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base", + "57281bb84b864d190016449d": " Voters outside the city limits", "57281d494b864d19001644be": " through the traditional old boy network", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": " 11", - "57281d494b864d19001644c0": " mid-1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials", - "57281d494b864d19001644c1": " mid-1960s, corruption scandals", - "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": " the plan. On October 1, 1968, the governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville", + "57281d494b864d19001644c0": " the city's officials, who were mainly elected through the traditional old boy network", + "57281d494b864d19001644c1": " a grand jury", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": " voters approved the plan", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": " Hans Tanzler", - "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": " Hans Tanzler", - "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": " half-penny", - "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": " $2.25 billion", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": " Consolidated City of Jacksonville", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": " Better Jacksonville Plan", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": " authorized a half-penny sales tax", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": " 874.3 square miles", - "572820512ca10214002d9e73": " The Trout River", - "572820512ca10214002d9e74": " The Trout River", + "572820512ca10214002d9e73": " St. Johns River", + "572820512ca10214002d9e74": " Trout River", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": " 86.66%", - "572820512ca10214002d9e76": " Baldwin. Nassau County", + "572820512ca10214002d9e76": " Baldwin", "572821274b864d1900164510": " Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164511": " Barnett Center", - "572821274b864d1900164512": " 617 ft", - "572821274b864d1900164513": " 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors", - "572821274b864d1900164514": " Bank of America Tower", - "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": " humid subtropical climate", + "572821274b864d1900164512": " 617 ft (188 m)", + "572821274b864d1900164513": " 42", + "572821274b864d1900164514": " distinctive flared base", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": " humid subtropical", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": " May through September", - "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": " Summers", - "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": " Summers", - "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": " 104 \u00b0F (40 \u00b0C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872", - "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": " monthly", - "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": " 104 \u00b0F (40 \u00b0C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872", - "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": " 53 F in January to 82 F in July", - "572824f13acd2414000df58f": " Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl", - "572824f13acd2414000df590": " Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl", - "572824f13acd2414000df591": " Tropical Storm Beryl", - "572824f13acd2414000df592": " Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl", - "572824f13acd2414000df593": " Bonnie would cause minor damage in 2004, spawning a minor tornado in the process. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl", - "572826634b864d19001645be": " Arab population", - "572826634b864d19001645bf": " 821,784", - "572826634b864d19001645c0": " Arab population", - "572826634b864d19001645c1": " Arab population, with a total population of 5,751 according to the 2000 United States Census. Jacksonville has Florida's largest Filipino American community", - "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": " 366,273 households out of which 11.8%", - "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": " 366", - "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": " 366,273 households out of which 11.8%", - "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": " 94", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": " mild and sunny", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": " low latitude", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": " 104 \u00b0F (40 \u00b0C)", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": " High heat indices", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": " humidity", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": " July 28, 1872", + "572824f13acd2414000df58f": " Hurricane Dora", + "572824f13acd2414000df590": " 110 mph", + "572824f13acd2414000df591": " Beryl", + "572824f13acd2414000df592": " Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale", + "572824f13acd2414000df593": " 2008", + "572826634b864d19001645be": " Arab", + "572826634b864d19001645bf": " 366,273", + "572826634b864d19001645c0": "elfth", + "572826634b864d19001645c1": " Florida's largest Filipino American community", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": " 7.9%", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": " 23.9%", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": " females", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": " 94.1", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": " 40%", - "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": " 62", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": " 3.5 billion", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": " $759,900", - "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": " using net wealth (adding up assets and subtracting debts", - "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "adding up assets and subtracting debts", - "5729d36b1d04691400779607": " $759,900", - "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "adding up assets", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": " the methodology used: by using net wealth (adding up assets and subtracting debts", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": " the methodology used", + "5729d36b1d04691400779607": " 40%", + "5729d36b1d04691400779608": " financial assets", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": " $41 trillion", - "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": " 62 wealthiest individuals own as much", - "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": " China", - "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": " half of all Americans combined.\" According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, the \"richest 1 percent", - "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": " PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.\" According to the New York Times", - "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies", - "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies", - "5729d44b1d04691400779611": " half", - "5729d44b1d04691400779612": " 90 percent", - "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies", - "5729d44b1d04691400779614": " half of all Americans combined.\" According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, the \"richest 1 percent", - "5729d44b1d04691400779615": " the Institute for Policy Studies", - "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "oclassical economics", - "5727e9523acd2414000def96": " the productivity gap", - "5727e9523acd2414000def97": " differences in value added by different classifications of workers. In this perspective, wages and profits", - "5727e9523acd2414000def98": " lower-paid professions", - "5727e9523acd2414000def99": " the marginal value added", - "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": " differences in value added", - "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": " differences in value added", - "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "worker, capitalist/business owner", - "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord). Thus, in a market economy, inequality is a reflection of the productivity gap", - "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": " productivity gap", - "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": " substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits", - "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": " stagnant wages", - "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": " proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment (the \"reserve army", - "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": " The substitution of capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": " 0.7%", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": " accelerating disparity could trigger a recession", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": " 400", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": " New York Times", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "substantial head start", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": " more wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779611": " wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779612": " PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans", + "5729d44b1d04691400779613": " Inherited wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60", + "5729d44b1d04691400779615": " Institute for Policy Studies", + "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", + "5727e9523acd2414000def96": " differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5727e9523acd2414000def97": " wages and profits", + "5727e9523acd2414000def98": " inequality is a reflection of the productivity gap", + "5727e9523acd2414000def99": " inequality is a reflection of the productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", + "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": " differences in value added by labor", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": " value added by labor, capital and land. Within labor income distribution is due to differences in value added by different classifications of workers", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": " wages and profits", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "worker, capitalist/business owner", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": " productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": " substitution of capital equipment", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": " relatively stagnant wages", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": " increasing unemployment (the \"reserve army of labour\").", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": " relatively stagnant wages", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": " labor inputs", - "5729d609af94a219006aa662": " reduce costs and maximize profits", - "5729d609af94a219006aa663": " the organic composition of capital", - "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "mechanization and automation", - "5729d609af94a219006aa665": " The substitution of capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages", - "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": " the employer, but rather by the market. Wages", - "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": " below market wage will find that their business is chronically understaffed", - "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": " below market wage will find that their business is chronically understaffed", - "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": " below market wage will find that their business is chronically understaffed", - "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": " below market wage will find that their business is chronically understaffed", - "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": " by these organizations, or by the employer, but rather by the market. Wages", - "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": " same way as prices", - "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": " inequality", - "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "Markets", + "5729d609af94a219006aa662": " to reduce costs and maximize profits", + "5729d609af94a219006aa663": " this trend increases the organic composition of capital, meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment", + "5729d609af94a219006aa664": " productivity", + "5729d609af94a219006aa665": " relatively stagnant wages", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": " wealth", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": " supply and demand", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": " chronically understaffed", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": " offering a higher wage the best of their labor", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": " unfair", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": " market", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": " prices", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": " wages", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": " markets", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": " high levels of inequality", - "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "low supply), but a large need for the positions (high demand), will result in high wages", - "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "low supply), but a large need", - "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "low supply), but a large need", - "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": " political influence, or corruption", - "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "low supply), but a large need", - "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage", - "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "high", - "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": " the wage. An example of this would be jobs such as dish-washing", - "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "low supply), but a large need for the positions (high demand), will result in high wages", - "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": " the wage. An example of this would be jobs such as dish-washing", - "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": " entrepreneurship", - "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": " income for food", - "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": " survival needs", - "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": " survival needs", - "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "self-employment", - "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "self-employment", - "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "self-employment). However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs", - "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": " income for food", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": " competition between employers", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": " job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": " low wage", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": " collective bargaining", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": " collective bargaining", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": " low wage", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": " competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage for that job. This is because competition between workers", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": " the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": " low wage", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": " expendable nature of the worker", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": " entrepreneurship rates", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": " Necessity-based", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": " Necessity-based", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": " higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment", + "5729de24af94a219006aa689": " higher economic inequality", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": " necessity rather than opportunity", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": " survival needs", - "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "self-employment). However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs", - "5727ef664b864d1900164060": " the progressivity of the tax system. A progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount", - "5727ef664b864d1900164061": " tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": " redistributive", + "5727ef664b864d1900164060": " progressive tax", + "5727ef664b864d1900164061": " progressive", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": " steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", - "5727ef664b864d1900164063": " steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", - "5729e02f1d04691400779639": " the taxable base amount", - "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": " the tax rate", - "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": " The difference between the Gini index", - "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": " The difference between the Gini index for an income distribution before taxation and the Gini index after taxation", - "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": " The justification for this is that a lack of education", - "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": " The justification for this is that a lack of education", + "5727ef664b864d1900164063": " progressive tax", + "5729e02f1d04691400779639": " the tax rate", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": " increasing it or decreasing it", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": " steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": " steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board. The difference between the Gini index", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": " lack of education", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": " education", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": " lower incomes", - "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": " high demand for workers, creates high wages", - "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": " The justification for this is that a lack of education", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": " poor", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": " optional education", "5729e1101d04691400779641": " variation in individuals' access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": " high wages", - "5729e1101d04691400779643": " lower wages", + "5729e1101d04691400779643": " lower", "5729e1101d04691400779644": " lower incomes", - "5729e1101d04691400779645": " the productive potential", + "5729e1101d04691400779645": " education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": " increasing access to education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": " $105 billion", - "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": " $105 billion", - "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": " the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": " boom-and-bust cycles", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": " Standard & Poor's rating agency", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": " 2014", - "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": " 2008-2009 recession", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": " its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": " increasing access to education", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": " $105 billion", - "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": " $105 billion", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": " boom-and-bust cycles", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": " 1910\u20131940", - "5727f2714b864d1900164073": " an increase in skilled workers, which led to a decrease", - "5727f2714b864d1900164074": " an increase in skilled workers, which led to a decrease", - "5727f2714b864d1900164075": " low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education, thus creating a poverty trap", - "5727f2714b864d1900164076": " Education", + "5727f2714b864d1900164073": " decrease in the price of skilled labor", + "5727f2714b864d1900164074": " decrease in the price of skilled labor", + "5727f2714b864d1900164075": " compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f2714b864d1900164076": " wages", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": " 1910\u20131940", - "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": " the price of skilled labor", - "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": " stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees", - "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": " Lagerlof and Galor", - "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": " male and female education", - "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer", - "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer", - "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer", - "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of social exclusion", - "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of social exclusion", - "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of social exclusion", - "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": " Ben Zipperer (2006) of the CEPR point to economic liberalism", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": " decrease in the price of skilled labor", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": " a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": " Education", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": " Lagerlof and Galor stated that gender inequality", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": " union membership", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": " continental European", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": " little", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": " U.S.-style labor-market flexibility", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": " economic inequality", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": " social exclusion", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": " CEPR", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": " little", - "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": " lower level", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": " lower", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": " Scandinavia", - "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": " vice-versa", - "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "ociologist Jake Rosenfield", - "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "ociologist Jake Rosenfield", - "5729e4291d04691400779651": "ociologist", - "5729e4291d04691400779652": "ociologist", - "5729e4291d04691400779653": " the decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes", - "5729e4291d04691400779654": " low levels", - "5729e4291d04691400779655": " hand-in-hand with weak labor movements", - "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15%", - "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15%", - "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15%", - "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": " Robert Lawrence argues that technological innovation and automation has meant that low-skilled jobs have been replaced by machine labor", - "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15%", - "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15%", - "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": " Lawrence Katz", - "5729f1283f37b319004785da": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15%", - "5729f1283f37b319004785db": " low-skilled jobs have been replaced by machine labor", - "5727fd123acd2414000df185": " 53%", - "5727fd123acd2414000df186": " 53%", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": " high inequality", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": " decline of organized labor", + "5727f7523acd2414000df110": " decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", + "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", + "5729e4291d04691400779652": " University of Washington", + "5729e4291d04691400779653": " decline of organized labor", + "5729e4291d04691400779654": " very low", + "5729e4291d04691400779655": " weak labor movements", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": " reduced wages", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": " reduced wages", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": " trade liberalisation", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": " machine labor", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": " a global to a domestic scale", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": " low-skilled workers", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": " trade liberalisation", + "5729f1283f37b319004785da": " technological innovation", + "5729f1283f37b319004785db": " machine labor", + "5727fd123acd2414000df185": " 53% in Botswana to -40%", + "5727fd123acd2414000df186": " 53% in Botswana to -40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": " 53%", - "5727fd123acd2414000df188": " Thomas Sowell", + "5727fd123acd2414000df188": " males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": " Gender pay gap", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": " males", - "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": " Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": " women", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": " Thomas Sowell", - "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": " The income gap in other countries ranges from 53%", - "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": " low levels", - "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": " low levels", - "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": " low levels", - "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": " low levels", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": " a difference", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": " social welfare programs", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": " relatively equal", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": " low levels of development have relatively equal distributions of wealth. As a country develops, it acquires more capital", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": " redistribution mechanisms", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", - "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": " low levels", - "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": " capital", - "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": " more wealth and income and introducing inequality", - "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": " low levels", - "57287b322ca10214002da3be": " High school movement", - "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": " 1970s", - "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": " 1970s", - "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": " 1970s", - "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": " middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", - "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": " middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", - "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": " cross-sectional data. However, more recent testing of this theory with superior panel data", - "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": " income inequality", - "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": " the move from the manufacturing sector", - "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": " Thomas Piketty", - "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": " invest", - "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": " Thomas Piketty", - "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": " Thomas Piketty", - "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": " Thomas Piketty", - "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": " Thomas Piketty", - "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": " Thomas Piketty", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": " levels of economic inequality", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": " more capital", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": " more wealth and income", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": " more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", + "57287b322ca10214002da3be": " High school movement from 1910 to 1940", + "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": " High school movement from 1910 to 1940", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": " service sector", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": " service sector", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": " Kuznets", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": " Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": " very weak", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": " decrease", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": " another Kuznets' cycle is occurring, specifically the move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": " means to invest in new sources of creating wealth", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": " the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": " larger fortunes", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": " larger fortunes", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": " possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": " already-wealthy individuals", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": " wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": " Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": " higher returns", - "5729f4e46aef051400155157": " non-market force known as \"rent-seeking", - "5729f4e46aef051400155156": " non-market force known as \"rent-seeking", - "5729f4e46aef051400155158": " wealth creation", - "5729f4e46aef051400155159": " rent-seeking", - "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "grabbing a larger share", - "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": " lower rates", + "5729f4e46aef051400155157": " market forces", + "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", + "5729f4e46aef051400155158": " rare and desired", + "5729f4e46aef051400155159": " political power", + "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": " rent-seeking", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": " inequality", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": " human capital is neglected", - "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "r = -.907). A similar relationship exists among US", - "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": " lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption, and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected", - "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "r = -.907). A similar relationship exists among US states (r = -.620", - "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": " Robert J. Shiller", - "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": " Robert J. Shiller", - "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": " Robert J. Shiller", - "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": " self-esteem", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": " life expectancy", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": " inequality researchers have found include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, a lower level of economic utility", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": " lower", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": " rising inequality", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": " negative effect", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": " Unemployment", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": " economic growth", - "572a06866aef0514001551be": " Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett have found higher rates of health and social problems (obesity", - "572a06866aef0514001551bf": " Japan and Finland", - "572a06866aef0514001551c0": " Japan and Finland", - "572a06866aef0514001551c2": " Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", - "572a06866aef0514001551c1": " Japan and Finland", - "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": " full stomachs", - "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": " full stomachs", - "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": " middle income countries", - "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": " 77 years", - "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": " middle income countries", + "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", + "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "obesity", + "572a06866aef0514001551c0": " lower rates of social goods (life expectancy by country, educational performance, trust among strangers", + "572a06866aef0514001551c2": " 23", + "572a06866aef0514001551c1": " social goods", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": " better health and longer lives", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": " among poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "longer lives", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": " Americans", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "longer lives still holds among poorer countries", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": " income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": " Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", - "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": " income inequality", - "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": " income inequality", - "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": " income inequality", - "572a0a391d046914007796df": " homicides", - "572a0a391d046914007796e0": " homicide rates", - "572a0a391d046914007796e1": " income", - "572a0a391d046914007796e3": " about half", - "572a0a391d046914007796e2": " about half", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": " nine", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": " in countries with bigger income inequalities", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": " greater equality but not per capita income", + "572a0a391d046914007796df": " inequality", + "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "Crime rate", + "572a0a391d046914007796e1": " fifty", + "572a0a391d046914007796e3": " differences in the amount of inequality in each province", + "572a0a391d046914007796e2": " tenfold", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": " economic inequality", - "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": " millionaire", - "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": " luxury items", - "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "the additional dollar", - "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": " higher aggregate utility. Some studies have found evidence for this theory, noting that in societies where inequality is lower, population-wide satisfaction", - "572a0c541d046914007796f3": " income inequality", - "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor\" by journalist Thomas B. Edsall", - "572a0c541d046914007796f5": " 2001 than it was in 1986", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": " great deal of utility", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": " decreases", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": " higher aggregate utility", + "572a0c541d046914007796f3": " consumption", + "572a0c541d046914007796f4": " libertarian", + "572a0c541d046914007796f5": " 2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": " Thomas B. Edsall", - "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor\" by journalist Thomas B. Edsall. Other studies have not found consumption inequality less dramatic than household income inequality", - "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": " Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", - "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "financial] crises more likely", - "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "financial] crises more likely to happen than in the past\" \u2013 the Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", - "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": " political pressure", + "572a0c541d046914007796f7": " journalist", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "systematic economic inequalities", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": " Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": " easier credit to the lower and middle income earners", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": " unsustainable monetary stimulation", - "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": " High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but also the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", - "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": " High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but also the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", - "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": " income share of the top 20 percent (the rich) increases, then GDP growth", - "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": " income share of the bottom 20 percent", - "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": " via a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels", - "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": " Castells", - "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": " High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth", - "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": " waste of resources", - "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": " waste of resources", - "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": " reducing its inequality-associated effects support economic growth", - "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": " within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milan", - "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": " limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milan", - "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": " The main reason for this shift is the increasing importance of human capital", - "572a1046af94a219006aa790": " the increasing importance of human capital", - "572a1046af94a219006aa791": " The main reason for this shift is the increasing importance of human capital", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": " inequality in wealth and income", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": " quality of a country's institutions", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": " declines", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": " higher GDP growth", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": " poor", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": " increasing inequality harms economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": " economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": " subsequent long-run economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": " it is a waste of resources", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": " inequality-associated effects", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": " evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": " limiting aggregate demand", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": " global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth", + "572a1046af94a219006aa790": " increasing importance of human capital in development", + "572a1046af94a219006aa791": " human capital is scarcer than machines, widespread education", "572a11663f37b31900478693": " 1993", - "572a11663f37b31900478694": "education, experience, and apprenticeship", + "572a11663f37b31900478694": " detrimental", "572a11663f37b31900478695": " the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", - "572a11663f37b31900478696": " lower level of human capital formation", + "572a11663f37b31900478696": " fertility", "572a11663f37b31900478697": " politically and socially unstable", - "572a12381d0469140077972d": " A study of Swedish counties", - "572a12381d0469140077972e": " A study of Swedish counties", - "572a12381d0469140077972c": "little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth", - "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Research by Harvard", - "572a12381d0469140077972f": " 1960 and 2000", - "572a13841d0469140077973b": " Kuznets curve", - "572a13841d0469140077973c": " Thomas Piketty", + "572a12381d0469140077972d": " reduce", + "572a12381d0469140077972e": " reduce growth in relatively poor countries", + "572a12381d0469140077972c": " growth and investment", + "572a12381d0469140077972b": " Harvard", + "572a12381d0469140077972f": " between 1960 and 2000", + "572a13841d0469140077973b": " the Kuznets curve hypothesis", + "572a13841d0469140077973c": " first increases", "572a13841d0469140077973d": " Thomas Piketty", - "572a13841d0469140077973e": " the \"magical\" Kuznets curve hypothesis", - "572a13841d0469140077973f": " the \"magical\" Kuznets curve hypothesis", + "572a13841d0469140077973e": " Economist", + "572a13841d0469140077973f": " wars and \"violent economic and political shocks", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": " 1970s", - "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": " consumer demand", - "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": " income inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": " reduced consumer demand", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": " risen with increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": " several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": " more equality in the income distribution", - "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": " economic growth is necessary", - "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": " the existing level of inequality. For instance, with low inequality a country with a growth rate of 2%", - "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": " 2%", - "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": " economic growth is necessary", - "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": " it is not sufficient", - "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": " excessive bureaucratic red tape", - "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": " excessive bureaucratic red tape", - "572a1ba46aef051400155290": " excessive bureaucratic red tape", - "572a1ba46aef051400155291": " 200 steps and up to 14 years", - "572a1ba46aef051400155292": " 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on government land", - "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "David Rodda, Jacob Vigdor, and Janna Matlack", - "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "David Rodda", - "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": " inequality", - "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": " income inequality", - "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": " low income residents", - "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": " the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care", - "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": " the costs must be borrowed and often those on lower incomes are those who are worse equipped to manage their finances", - "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": " debt", - "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": " middle income", - "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": " The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", - "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": " waste", - "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": " the amount of environmental degradation would be lower", - "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "1/3 of current levels, so about 2 billion", - "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": " environmental damage", - "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": " the private ownership of the means of production", - "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": " small portion of the population lives off unearned property income by virtue of ownership titles in capital equipment", - "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": " income in the form of a wage or salary", - "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": " socially owned so that income differentials", - "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": " individual contributions", - "572a20816aef0514001552e4": " John Rawls", - "572a20816aef0514001552e5": " John Rawls", - "572a20816aef0514001552e6": " John Rawls", - "572a20816aef0514001552e7": " John Rawls argued in A Theory of Justice that inequalities in the distribution of wealth are only justified when they improve society as a whole", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": " special efforts", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": " the existing level of inequality", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": " nearly 60 years to achieve the same reduction", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": " United Nations", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": " reducing poverty", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": " land and housing", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": " through various associations and other arrangements", + "572a1ba46aef051400155290": " informal form through various associations and other arrangements. Reasons for extra-legal", + "572a1ba46aef051400155291": " 200", + "572a1ba46aef051400155292": " government land", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": " affordable housing", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": " the number of quality rental units", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": " the demand for higher quality housing", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": " landlords found new residents willing to pay higher market rate for housing", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": " ad valorem property tax policy", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": " by everyone, such as the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": " worse equipped to manage their finances", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": " aspirational consumption", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": " taking on debt", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": " economic instability", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": " created", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": " this multiplier would be lower, and thus the amount of environmental degradation would be lower", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": " this", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "corrected", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": " private ownership of the means of production", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": " a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": " wage or salary", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": " socially", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": " reflective", + "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick", + "572a20816aef0514001552e5": " taxation", + "572a20816aef0514001552e6": " force", + "572a20816aef0514001552e7": " forceful taking of property", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": " when they improve society as a whole", - "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": " neoliberalism, which \u201cdefines well-being as utility maximization", - "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": " neoliberalism, which \u201cdefines well-being as utility maximization\u201d, economic growth and income are considered a means to an end", - "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": " neoliberalism, which \u201cdefines well-being as utility maximization", - "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": " the human development approach", - "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": " neoliberalism, which \u201cdefines well-being as utility maximization", - "572a2224af94a219006aa823": " deprived of earning as much income", - "572a2224af94a219006aa824": " gender roles and customs", - "572a2224af94a219006aa825": " income and economic inequality", - "572a2224af94a219006aa826": " income and economic inequality", - "572a2224af94a219006aa827": " income", - "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": " civilisations and help people in need", - "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": " civilisations and help people in need", - "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": " blue British police box", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "capability deprivation", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": " the end itself", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": " to \u201cwid[en] people\u2019s choices and the level of their achieved well-being\u201d", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": " increasing functionings", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": " ability to pursue valued goals", + "572a2224af94a219006aa823": " deprived of earning as much income as they would otherwise", + "572a2224af94a219006aa824": " earn as much as a healthy young man", + "572a2224af94a219006aa825": " gender roles and customs", + "572a2224af94a219006aa826": " fear of their lives", + "572a2224af94a219006aa827": " a better relevant income", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": " BBC", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": " 1963", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": " TARDIS", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": " blue British police box", - "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": " blue British police box", - "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": " Christopher Eccleston", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": " British science-fiction", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": " 1963 to 1989", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": " Russell T Davies", - "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": " Christopher Eccleston in the title role and was produced by the BBC. Doctor Who also spawned spin-offs in multiple media, including Torchwood", - "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": " Christopher Eccleston", - "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": " Christopher Eccleston", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": " K-9 and Company", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": " Russell T Davies", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": " Russell T Davies", "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "elve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": " Peter Capaldi", - "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": " Peter Capaldi", - "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": " Peter Capaldi", - "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": " Peter Capaldi", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "The Time of the Doctor", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": " written into the plot of the show, as well as the differing approach to the role that each brings, under the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": " new personality", "5727f2583acd2414000df087": " Gallifrey", - "5727f2583acd2414000df088": "The Doctor\". He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I Type 40 TARDIS", - "5727f2583acd2414000df089": " Gallifrey, who simply goes by the name \"The Doctor\". He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I Type 40 TARDIS", - "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": " \"chameleon circuit", - "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": " blue British Police box", - "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "The Doctor rarely travels alone", - "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": " the Daleks", - "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": " The Doctor has gained numerous reoccurring enemies during his travels, including the Daleks", + "5727f2583acd2414000df088": " Mark I Type 40 TARDIS", + "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "Time and Relative Dimension in Space", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "chameleon circuit", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": " a malfunction in the chameleon circuit", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": " rarely travels alone", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": " Daleks", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": " taking on a new appearance", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": " humans", - "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": " humans, as he has found a fascination with planet Earth", - "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": " Donald [Wilson", - "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": " Donald [Wilson", - "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": " Donald [Wilson", - "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": " Donald [Wilson", - "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": " eighty", - "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": " 26 seasons", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": " Time Lord", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": " Dalek", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": " programme was not permitted to contain any \"bug-eyed monsters\".", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": " Anthony Coburn", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": " 25 minutes", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": " 26", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": " Jonathan Powell", - "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": " Jonathan Powell", - "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": " Jonathan Powell", - "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": " Jonathan Powell", - "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": " Philip Segal", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": " Doctor Who: More Than 30 Years in the TARDIS", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": " not to commission a planned 27th series", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": " BBC 1", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": " relaunch the show", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": " Philip Segal", - "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": " Philip Segal", - "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": " Philip Segal", - "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": " Philip Segal", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": " Fox Network", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": " 9.1 million", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": " UK", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": "Rose\"", - "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": "Rose\"", - "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": " 2009, although four additional specials starring David Tennant", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": " 2005", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": " 2009", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": " Chris Chibnall", - "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": "Rose\"", - "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": " 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989", - "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": " Mission Impossible, but differs from most other series relaunches which have either been reboots (for example, Battlestar Galactica", - "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": " Mission Impossible, but differs from most other series relaunches which have either been reboots (for example, Battlestar Galactica", - "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": " Battlestar Galactica", - "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": " Mission Impossible, but differs from most other series relaunches which have either been reboots (for example, Battlestar Galactica", - "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": " eighty seconds", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": " nine further series in 2006\u20132008 and 2010\u20132015, and Christmas Day specials", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": " 1963\u20131989", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": "The 2005 version", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": " 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": " Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": " Doctor Who", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": " 30 November 1963", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": " ten minutes", - "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": " eighty seconds", - "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": " eighty seconds", - "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": " eighty seconds", - "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\"", - "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", - "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "Behind the Sofa\".", - "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", - "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\"", - "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": " Philip Howard", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": " John F. Kennedy", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": " assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": " the coverage of the assassination, as well as a series of power blackouts", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": " Museum of the Moving Image in London", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": " \"Behind the Sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "scariest TV show of all time\".", + "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": " Digital Spy", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": " Doctor Who", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": " 3%", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": " Philip Howard", - "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": " Monopoly with the property market in London", - "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": " The Times newspaper, journalist Philip Howard maintained that, \"to compare the violence of Dr Who, sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare", - "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": " Anthony Coburn", - "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": " Anthony Coburn", - "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": " Anthony Coburn", - "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": " Anthony Coburn", - "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": " Anthony Coburn", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": " Monopoly", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": " The Times", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": " TARDIS", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": " blue police box", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": " police box as a time machine", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": " the BBC", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": " 2002", "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": " 26", - "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": " four to six parts in earlier years and three to four in later years. Notable exceptions were: The Daleks' Master Plan", - "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": " 12 episodes (plus an earlier one-episode teaser, \"Mission to the Unknown\", featuring none of the regular cast); almost an entire season of seven", - "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": " The Master, season 16", - "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": " Black Guardian", - "572801823acd2414000df1fb": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": " 6 December 1989", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": " 12", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": " The Master", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": " Black Guardian Trilogy", + "572801823acd2414000df1fb": " 2005", "572801823acd2414000df1fc": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes", - "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "60 minutes", - "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "Journey's End", - "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "60 minutes", - "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": " 25", - "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": " 45-minute episodes (for Resurrection of the Daleks", - "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": " 25-minute", - "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "Planet of the Dead", - "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "Planet of the Dead", - "572803493acd2414000df229": " William Hartnell", - "572803493acd2414000df22a": " 97", - "572803493acd2414000df22b": " 3, 4, & 5, from which 79 episodes are missing). In 1972", - "572803493acd2414000df22c": " \"spare\" film copies", - "572803493acd2414000df22d": " William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", - "572804522ca10214002d9b94": " Marco Polo", - "572804522ca10214002d9b95": " Marco Polo", - "572804522ca10214002d9b97": " \"Mission to the Unknown", - "572804522ca10214002d9b96": " Marco Polo", - "572804522ca10214002d9b98": " Marco Polo", - "572805363acd2414000df26d": " The Reign of Terror", - "572805363acd2414000df26e": " The Reign of Terror", + "572801823acd2414000df1fd": " Christmas Day", + "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "The Eleventh Hour", + "572801823acd2414000df1ff": " 2010", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "826", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": " 25-minute", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "826", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": " 60 minutes", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": " 1963", + "572803493acd2414000df229": " William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", + "572803493acd2414000df22a": " 97 of 253", + "572803493acd2414000df22b": " 3, 4, & 5", + "572803493acd2414000df22c": "Between about 1964 and 1973", + "572803493acd2414000df22d": " 1972, almost all episodes then made were known to exist at the BBC, while by 1978", + "572804522ca10214002d9b94": " bought prints", + "572804522ca10214002d9b95": " fans", + "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "Mission to the Unknown\" and The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve", + "572804522ca10214002d9b96": " television screen onto 8 mm cine film", + "572804522ca10214002d9b98": " home viewers", + "572805363acd2414000df26d": " BBC", + "572805363acd2414000df26e": " Cosgrove Hall", "572805363acd2414000df26f": "1968", "572805363acd2414000df270": " Theta-Sigma", - "572805363acd2414000df271": " The Reign of Terror", - "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": " William Hartnell", - "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": " William Hartnell", - "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": " William Hartnell", - "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": " William Hartnell", - "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": " William Hartnell", + "572805363acd2414000df271": " November 2006", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "regeneration", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": " the Doctor's third on-screen regeneration", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": " original star William Hartnell's poor health", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "regeneration", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "change of appearance", "572808bf4b864d190016429a": " 12", "572808bf4b864d190016429b": " 12", - "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "The Time of the Doctor\"", - "572808bf4b864d190016429d": " 12", - "572808bf4b864d190016429e": " 12 times", - "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": " Michael Jayston", - "572809ab4b864d19001642af": " Michael Jayston", - "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": " Michael Jay", - "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": " Michael Jayston", - "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": " Michael Jay", - "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": " William Hartnell", - "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": " Richard Hurndall", - "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": " William Hartnell", + "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "The Time of the Doctor", + "572808bf4b864d190016429d": " The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead", + "572808bf4b864d190016429e": " 1996", + "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": " John Hurt", + "572809ab4b864d19001642af": "The Day of the Doctor", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": " Michael Jayston", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": " The Trial of a Time Lord", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": " McGann and Eccleston", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": " Eleventh", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": " The Three Doctors", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": " Richard Hurndall", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": " The Space Museum", - "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": " the Eleventh Doctor meets an unknown incarnation of himself", - "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": " Peter Davison", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": "The Day of the Doctor", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": " Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": " Zagreus", - "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": " Peter Davison", - "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": " Peter Davison", - "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": " Peter Davison", - "57280e323acd2414000df349": "The Lodger\".", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": " Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": " Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": " 2003", + "57280e323acd2414000df349": "The Lodger\". In the 2013 episode \"The Time of the Doctor", "57280e323acd2414000df34a": " The Brain of Morbius", - "57280e323acd2414000df34b": " \"Fourth\", the First Doctor excitedly replies \"Goodness me. So there are five of me now.\"", - "57280e323acd2414000df34c": "The Time of the Doctor,\"", - "57280e323acd2414000df34d": " 1983's 20th Anniversary special The Five Doctors", - "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": " Susan Foreman", + "57280e323acd2414000df34b": " Mawdryn", + "57280e323acd2414000df34c": "The Lodger", + "57280e323acd2414000df34d": " 1983", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": " An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": " Susan Foreman", - "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": " Susan Foreman", - "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": " Susan Foreman", - "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": " Susan Foreman", - "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": " humanoid aliens", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": " 1967", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": " destroyed", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "Smith and Jones\"", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": " human, or humanoid aliens", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": " The Deadly Assassin", - "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": " Susan Foreman", - "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": " humanoid aliens", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": " the Doctor travels alone", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": " human, or humanoid aliens", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": " Susan Foreman", - "572811434b864d190016438c": " Rose Tyler", - "572811434b864d190016438d": " Rose Tyler (Billie Piper", - "572811434b864d190016438e": " Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) and Rory Williams", + "572811434b864d190016438c": " female", + "572811434b864d190016438d": " Rose Tyler (Billie Piper), Martha Jones (Freema Agyeman), and Donna Noble (Catherine Tate)", + "572811434b864d190016438e": " Amy Pond", "572811434b864d190016438f": " Pearl Mackie", - "572811434b864d1900164390": " Mickey Smith", + "572811434b864d1900164390": "Catherine Tate", "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": " Russell T Davies", - "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": " Steven Moffat", - "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": " Steven Moffat", - "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": " Steven Moffat", - "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": " Steven Moffat", - "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": " Kaleds", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": " 2005", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": " Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": " 3", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": " Steven Moffat, has continued the trend by reviving the Silurians", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": " Dalek", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": " Skaro", - "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": " Skaro", - "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": " Kaleds", - "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": " eyestalk", - "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": " Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers", - "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": " Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers", - "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": " Peter Pratt", - "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": " Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers", - "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": " Peter Pratt", - "572814882ca10214002d9d72": " Michelle Gomez", - "572814882ca10214002d9d73": " Michelle Gomez", - "572814882ca10214002d9d74": " Michelle Gomez", - "572814882ca10214002d9d75": " Michelle Gomez", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": " to \"exterminate\" all non-Dalek beings", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": " Davros", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": " their eyestalk", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "The Master", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": "Professor Moriarty to the Doctor's Sherlock Holmes", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": " Eric Roberts", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": " Anthony Ainley", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": " Roger Delgado", + "572814882ca10214002d9d72": " Derek Jacobi", + "572814882ca10214002d9d73": "Utopia", + "572814882ca10214002d9d74": " 2014", + "572814882ca10214002d9d75": "Missy", "572814882ca10214002d9d76": " Michelle Gomez", - "572816213acd2414000df429": " Ron Grainer", - "572816213acd2414000df42a": " Ron Grainer", - "572816213acd2414000df42b": " Ron Grainer", - "572816213acd2414000df42c": " Ron Grainer", - "572816213acd2414000df42d": " Grainer asked, \"Did I write that?\"", - "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": " Peter Howell for season 18 (1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn", + "572816213acd2414000df429": " Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", + "572816213acd2414000df42a": " BBC Radiophonic Workshop", + "572816213acd2414000df42b": " musique concr\u00e8te", + "572816213acd2414000df42c": "1979\u201380", + "572816213acd2414000df42d": "Did I write that?\"", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": " Peter Howell", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": " Peter Howell for season 18 (1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn", - "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": " Peter Howell for season 18 (1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn", - "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": " Peter Howell for season 18 (1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn", - "572817802ca10214002d9db4": " Peter Howell for season 18 (1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn", - "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "The Snowmen", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": " Seventh Doctor", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": " John Debney", + "572817802ca10214002d9db4": " Christmas episode \"The Christmas Invasion", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "Voyage of the Damned", "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": " Classic FM", - "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": "Voyage of the Damned", - "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": " \"Voyage of the Damned", - "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "The Day of the Doctor\"", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": " 2010 series", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": " 228", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": " Gold", "572819864b864d190016447e": " Jon Pertwee", - "572819864b864d190016447f": " Gallifrey And Beyond", - "572819864b864d1900164480": " digital download on the album Gallifrey And Beyond", - "572819864b864d1900164481": " Gallifrey And Beyond", - "572819864b864d1900164482": " Gallifrey And Beyond", + "572819864b864d190016447f": " Mankind", + "572819864b864d1900164480": " 24", + "572819864b864d1900164481": "Doctorin' the Tardis", + "572819864b864d1900164482": "Doctor Who Theme", "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": " Dudley Simpson", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": " Planet of Giants", - "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": " Planet of Giants", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": " 15 years", "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": " Planet of Giants", - "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": " Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People", - "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": " Murray Gold and Ben Foster", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": " The Talons of Weng-Chiang", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": " BBC National Orchestra of Wales", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": " David Tennant", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": " 27 July 2008", - "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "Music of the Spheres\", written by Russell T Davies", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": " \"Music of the Spheres", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": " Murray Gold and Ben Foster", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six", - "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": " music from the third and fourth series respectively", - "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": " 4 October 2010", - "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "A Christmas Carol\",", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": " the second and third", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": " music from the 2008\u20132010 specials (The Next Doctor to End of Time Part 2).", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": " \"A Christmas Carol", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": " 8 November 2010", - "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "The Day of the Doctor\"", - "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": " 2014", - "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": " current Doctor Who logo", - "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": " 1973\u201380", - "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "The Day of the Doctor\"", - "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": " \"Dalekmania", - "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": " \"Dalekmania", - "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": " \"Dalekmania\" period", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "The Day of the Doctor", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": " The logo used for the Eleventh Doctor", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": " Twelfth Doctor", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": " The logo used in the television movie featuring the Eighth Doctor", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": " Who", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": " assassination of John F. Kennedy", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": " BBC's mainstream BBC One channel", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": " 1970s", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": " 1964\u20131965", - "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": " \"Dalekmania", - "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": " 18 months. Its late 1980s", - "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": " Coronation Street", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": " BBC Three", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": " late 1980s", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": " Its late 1980s performance", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": " Coronation Street", - "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": " three to five million", - "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": " three to five million", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": " three to five million viewers", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": " 1985", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": " The Five Doctors", - "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": " November, after the first episode had been shown in the UK", - "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": " 12 May 1996 on CITV in Edmonton", - "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": " four", - "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": " four", - "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": " BBC UK", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": " New Zealand", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": " Edmonton", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": " 12 May 1996 on CITV in Edmonton, Canada, 15", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": " 23 November", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": " Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": " The Five Doctors", - "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": " the show has had a strong fan base", - "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": " The Five Doctors", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": " SyFy", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": " weekly screenings", "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": " ABC1", - "572825714b864d1900164590": " 1976 beginning with The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991", - "572825714b864d1900164591": " The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991", - "572825714b864d1900164592": " Space in 2009", - "572825714b864d1900164593": " The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991", + "572825714b864d1900164590": " 1976", + "572825714b864d1900164591": " The Three Doctors", + "572825714b864d1900164592": " Space", + "572825714b864d1900164593": " The Talons of Weng-Chiang", "572825714b864d1900164594": " Judith Merril", "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": " Christopher Eccleston", - "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": " Christopher Eccleston", - "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": " Christopher Eccleston", - "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": " Christopher Eccleston", - "572826762ca10214002d9f30": " Christopher Eccleston", - "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": "The Infinite Quest) was released on VCD. Only the series from 2009 onwards are available on Blu-ray, except for the 1970 story Spearhead", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": " trivia question as part of a viewer contest) and excerpts from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": "The Christmas Invasion", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": " 9 October 2006", + "572826762ca10214002d9f30": " Thanksgiving", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": " United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": " Doctor Who", - "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": " Doctor Who", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": " Doctor Who (The Infinite Quest)", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": " Spearhead", - "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": " 1970 story Spearhead", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": " 2009", "572828383acd2414000df5c3": " Trevor Martin", - "572828383acd2414000df5c4": " Jon Pertwee", - "572828383acd2414000df5c5": " Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday. In the late 1980s, Jon Pertwee", - "572828383acd2414000df5c6": " David Banks", - "572828383acd2414000df5c7": " David Banks", + "572828383acd2414000df5c4": " Doctor Who \u2013 The Ultimate Adventure", + "572828383acd2414000df5c5": " Terry Nation", + "572828383acd2414000df5c6": " Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", + "572828383acd2414000df5c7": " Terry Nation", "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": " Torchwood", - "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": " 2008; for three episodes, the cast was joined by Freema Agyeman", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": " 22 October 2006", "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": " 2008", - "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": " Children of Earth which was set largely in London. A fourth series, Torchwood: Miracle Day", - "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": " United States", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": " Children of Earth", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": " Torchwood (an anagram of \"Doctor Who", "57282f204b864d190016468a": " Elisabeth Sladen", - "57282f204b864d190016468b": "The Sarah Jane Adventures, starring Elisabeth Sladen", - "57282f204b864d190016468c": " Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor alongside former companion actress Katy Manning", - "57282f204b864d190016468d": "The Sarah Jane Adventures, starring Elisabeth Sladen", - "57282f204b864d190016468e": "The Sarah Jane Adventures, starring Elisabeth Sladen", + "57282f204b864d190016468b": " 24 September 2007", + "57282f204b864d190016468c": " 2010", + "57282f204b864d190016468d": " 2010", + "57282f204b864d190016468e": " death of Elisabeth Sladen", "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": " Dimensions in Time", - "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": " Dimensions in Time", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": " Children in Need", "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": " EastEnders", - "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": " glasses with one darkened lens", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": " Pulfrich effect requiring glasses with one darkened lens", "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": " Pulfrich effect", - "572831512ca10214002da04a": " Richard E. Grant", - "572831512ca10214002da04b": " Richard E. Grant", - "572831512ca10214002da04c": " Richard E. Grant", - "572831512ca10214002da04d": " Richard E. Grant", - "572831512ca10214002da04e": " Steven Moffat", - "572833662ca10214002da086": "The Neutral Zone", - "572833662ca10214002da087": "Blue Harvest", - "572833662ca10214002da088": " Star Trek: The Next Generation", - "572833662ca10214002da089": " Oliver on Coupling (created and written by current show runner Steven Moffat", - "572833662ca10214002da08a": " Star Trek: The Next Generation", - "572834524b864d1900164716": " The Chase released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; Doctor Who and the Pescatons", + "572831512ca10214002da04a": " Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death", + "572831512ca10214002da04b": " four", + "572831512ca10214002da04c": " Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley", + "572831512ca10214002da04d": " Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley", + "572831512ca10214002da04e": " head writer and executive producer", + "572833662ca10214002da086": " The Next Generation", + "572833662ca10214002da087": " \"Blue Harvest\" and \"420\",", + "572833662ca10214002da088": " Queer as Folk", + "572833662ca10214002da089": " Vince", + "572833662ca10214002da08a": " Brisingr and High Wizardry", + "572834524b864d1900164716": " The Chase", "572834524b864d1900164717": " 21-minute", - "572834524b864d1900164718": " The Chase released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; Doctor Who and the Pescatons", - "572834524b864d1900164719": " The Chase released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; Doctor Who and the Pescatons", - "572834524b864d190016471a": " The Chase released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; Doctor Who and the Pescatons", - "572835854b864d190016472e": " Paul McGann's Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001. Tom Baker", - "572835854b864d190016472f": " Paul McGann's Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001. Tom Baker", - "572835854b864d1900164730": " Paul McGann's Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001. Tom Baker", - "572835854b864d1900164731": " Paul McGann's Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001. Tom Baker", - "572835854b864d1900164732": " Paul McGann's Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001. Tom Baker", - "572836732ca10214002da0dc": " 1965 to 1991", - "572836732ca10214002da0dd": " mid-sixties", - "572836732ca10214002da0de": " 1965 to 1991", + "572834524b864d1900164718": " The Chase", + "572834524b864d1900164719": " 1966", + "572834524b864d190016471a": " The Chase", + "572835854b864d190016472e": " Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors", + "572835854b864d190016472f": " Destiny of the Doctor", + "572835854b864d1900164730": " Big Finish Productions", + "572835854b864d1900164731": " 1999", + "572835854b864d1900164732": " 2012", + "572836732ca10214002da0dc": " 1991", + "572836732ca10214002da0dd": " 1991", + "572836732ca10214002da0de": " 1979", "572836732ca10214002da0df": " Panini", - "572836732ca10214002da0e0": " mid-sixties", - "572837402ca10214002da0f4": " BBC Television in the early 1960s", - "572837402ca10214002da0f5": " BBC Television in the early 1960s", - "572837402ca10214002da0f6": " the idea.", - "572837402ca10214002da0f7": " the canonicity of any of such stories, and producers of the show have expressed distaste", - "572838323acd2414000df737": " 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (2005\u20132010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies", - "572838323acd2414000df738": " 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (2005\u20132010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies", - "572838323acd2414000df739": " Michelle Gomez", + "572836732ca10214002da0e0": " BBC Books", + "572837402ca10214002da0f4": " early 1960s", + "572837402ca10214002da0f5": " BBC Television", + "572837402ca10214002da0f6": " the BBC", + "572837402ca10214002da0f7": " the BBC", + "572838323acd2414000df737": " 2006", + "572838323acd2414000df738": "2005\u20132010", + "572838323acd2414000df739": " 2011", "572838323acd2414000df73a": " Michelle Gomez", "572838323acd2414000df73b": " 2006 British Academy Television Award", - "57283a392ca10214002da118": " Peabody Awards", - "57283a392ca10214002da119": " 50th anniversary special. During its original run, it was recognised for its imaginative stories", - "57283a392ca10214002da11a": " Peabody Awards", - "57283a392ca10214002da11b": " Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody", - "57283a392ca10214002da11c": " 50th anniversary special. During its original run, it was recognised for its imaginative stories", - "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": " 1975, Season 11", + "57283a392ca10214002da118": " Guinness World Records as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world", + "57283a392ca10214002da119": " Doctor Who", + "57283a392ca10214002da11a": " electronic", + "57283a392ca10214002da11b": " 2013", + "57283a392ca10214002da11c": " Peabody Awards", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": " Season 11", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": " Doctor Who", - "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": " Season 11", - "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": " Season 11", - "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "a Channel 4", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": " third", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": " SFX magazine", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": " third", "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": " five BAFTA TV Awards", - "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": " 25", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": " five", "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": " 25", - "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": " Channel 4", - "57283ce72ca10214002da150": " Channel 4", - "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": " Matt Smith", - "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": " Matt Smith", - "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": " Matt Smith", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": " 2009", + "57283ce72ca10214002da150": " Mind Award", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": " six times", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": " 200", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": " over a hundred", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": " Matt Smith", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": " Matt Smith", "57283e652ca10214002da166": " Spike Milligan", "57283e652ca10214002da167": " Spike Milligan", - "57283e652ca10214002da168": "a Dalek invades his bathroom \u2014 Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge at it) and Lenny Henry. Jon Culshaw", - "57283e652ca10214002da16a": " Spike Milligan", - "57283e652ca10214002da169": " Spike Milligan", - "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "UChicago, Chicago, or U of C) is a private research university", + "57283e652ca10214002da168": " soap sponge", + "57283e652ca10214002da16a": " Jon Culshaw frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor", + "57283e652ca10214002da169": " BBC Dead Ringers", + "57283c464b864d19001647c8": " private research university", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": " 1890", - "57283c464b864d19001647ca": " 5", - "57283c464b864d19001647cb": " 5", - "57283c464b864d19001647cc": " 5", - "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": " economics", - "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": " self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field", + "57283c464b864d19001647ca": " seven", + "57283c464b864d19001647cb": " four", + "57283c464b864d19001647cc": " 5,000", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": " the development of various academic disciplines", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": " Chicago's physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": " Stagg Field", - "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": " Chicago school of economics", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": " University of Chicago Press", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": " 2020", - "57283f014b864d19001647e8": " William Rainey Harper", - "57283f014b864d19001647e9": " William Rainey Harper", - "57283f014b864d19001647ea": " William Rainey", - "57283f014b864d19001647eb": " William Rainey Harper became the university's first president in 1891", + "57283f014b864d19001647e8": " American Baptist Education Society", + "57283f014b864d19001647e9": " John D. Rockefeller", + "57283f014b864d19001647ea": " William Rainey Harper", + "57283f014b864d19001647eb": " 1891", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": " 1892", - "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": " John D. Rockefeller", - "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": " Charles L. Hutchinson", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": " John D. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": " Silas B. Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": " Cobb Lecture Hall", - "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": " $100", - "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": " Martin A. Ryerson (president of the board of trustees and donor of the Ryerson Physical Laboratory) Adolphus Clay Bartlett", - "572843304b864d1900164848": " 1910", - "572843304b864d1900164849": " 1910", - "572843304b864d190016484a": " 1910", - "572843304b864d190016484b": " The program passed into history by 1910", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": " $100,000", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": " John D. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field", + "572843304b864d1900164848": " Des Moines College, Kalamazoo College, Butler University, and Stetson University", + "572843304b864d1900164849": " 1896", + "572843304b864d190016484a": " made a grade of A for all four years", + "572843304b864d190016484b": " University of Chicago professors", "572843304b864d190016484c": " 1910", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": " Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": " Common Core", - "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": " Robert Maynard", - "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": " Robert Maynard Hutchins", - "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": " Robert Maynard Hutchins", - "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": " a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood", - "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": " crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood", - "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": " early 1950s", - "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": " Shimer College", - "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": " college", - "572847ff3acd2414000df869": " 1960s, beginning in 1962, when students occupied President George Beadle", - "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": " the university's off-campus rental policies", - "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": " 1960s, beginning in 1962, when students occupied President George Beadle", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": " to emphasize academics over athletics", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": " 24-year", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": " 1929", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": " 1950s", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": " increasing crime and poverty", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": " after their second year", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": " Hyde Park", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": " attend college", + "572847ff3acd2414000df869": " 1962", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": " off-campus rental policies", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": " 1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": " two", - "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": " President George Beadle", - "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": " 2008", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "social and political action,\"", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": " mid-2000s", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": " Milton Friedman Institute", - "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "200 million", - "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": " $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary", - "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": " $300 million to the university's Booth School of Business", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": " $200 million", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": " Chicago Theological Seminary", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": " David G. Booth", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": " Main Quadrangles", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": " six", - "57284b904b864d19001648e4": " six", - "57284b904b864d19001648e5": " Oxford's Magdalen Tower", - "57284b904b864d19001648e6": " Henry Ives Cobb", - "57284d484b864d1900164900": " Eero Saarinen", - "57284d484b864d1900164901": " Gerald Ratner", - "57284d484b864d1900164902": " Gerald Ratner Athletics Center", - "57284d484b864d1900164903": " Harris School of Public Policy Studies", - "57284d484b864d1900164904": " Max Palevsky Residential Commons", - "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": " Singapore", - "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": " Renmin University", - "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": " Renmin University's campus in Haidian District. The most recent additions are a center in New Delhi", - "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": " Booth School of Business", - "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": " Beijing", - "5728501aff5b5019007da166": " board of trustees", - "5728501aff5b5019007da167": " 50 members including the university President", + "57284b904b864d19001648e4": " Cobb, Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge", + "57284b904b864d19001648e5": " Magdalen Tower", + "57284b904b864d19001648e6": " Christ Church Hall", + "57284d484b864d1900164900": " 1940s", + "57284d484b864d1900164901": " Eero Saarinen", + "57284d484b864d1900164902": " School of Social Service Administration", + "57284d484b864d1900164903": " School of Social Service Administration", + "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": " Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": " Seine", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": " 2010", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": " Renmin University", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": " 2015", + "5728501aff5b5019007da166": " a board of trustees", + "5728501aff5b5019007da167": " 50", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": " 50", - "5728501aff5b5019007da169": " Andrew", + "5728501aff5b5019007da169": " Andrew Alper", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": " Daniel Diermeier", - "5728510f4b864d1900164936": " The Higher Learning Commission.", - "5728510f4b864d1900164937": " seven", - "5728510f4b864d1900164938": " College, four", - "57285213ff5b5019007da180": " Bachelor", - "57285213ff5b5019007da181": " Bachelor", + "5728510f4b864d1900164936": " The Higher Learning Commission", + "5728510f4b864d1900164937": " four", + "5728510f4b864d1900164938": " seven", + "57285213ff5b5019007da180": " 50", + "57285213ff5b5019007da181": " 28", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": " five", - "57285213ff5b5019007da183": " Biological Sciences", + "57285213ff5b5019007da183": " New Collegiate Division", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": " Common Core", - "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": " 15", - "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": " rigorous, intense learning experience", - "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": " Harvard", - "572855973acd2414000df925": " academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", - "572855973acd2414000df926": " Council on Advanced Studies", - "572855973acd2414000df927": " academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", - "572855973acd2414000df928": " academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", - "572855973acd2414000df929": " academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", - "572856beff5b5019007da190": " six", - "572856beff5b5019007da191": " six libraries", - "572856beff5b5019007da192": " the Regenstein Library", - "572856beff5b5019007da193": " Harper Memorial Library", - "572856beff5b5019007da194": " six", - "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": " 12 research institutes and 113", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": " 17", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": " rigorous, intense", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": " Uni in the USA", + "572855973acd2414000df925": " University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", + "572855973acd2414000df926": " University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", + "572855973acd2414000df927": " four", + "572855973acd2414000df928": " University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", + "572855973acd2414000df929": " University of Chicago campus", + "572856beff5b5019007da190": " six libraries that contain a total of 9.8 million", + "572856beff5b5019007da191": " 9.8 million", + "572856beff5b5019007da192": " Regenstein Library", + "572856beff5b5019007da193": " 2011", + "572856beff5b5019007da194": " 1.3 million", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": " 12", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": " 12", - "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": " Argonne National Laboratory", - "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": " Argonne National Laboratory", - "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": " Argonne National Laboratory", - "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": " Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky", - "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": " Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky", - "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": " Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky", - "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": " 1953 by Nathaniel Kleitman", - "572861cc4b864d190016495e": " Logan Center was designed by Tod Williams", - "572861cc4b864d190016495f": " Logan Center was designed by Tod Williams", - "572861cc4b864d1900164960": " Logan Center was designed by Tod Williams", - "572861cc4b864d1900164961": " Logan Center was designed by Tod Williams", - "572861cc4b864d1900164962": " creative and performing arts classes", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": " Oriental Institute", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": " Fermilab", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": " Sunspot, New Mexico", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": " shaping ideas about the free market", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": " Chicago school of sociology. In physics, the university was the site of the Chicago Pile-1", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": " Miller\u2013Urey experiment", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": " 1953", + "572861cc4b864d190016495e": " 1933", + "572861cc4b864d190016495f": " 2000", + "572861cc4b864d1900164960": " 2000", + "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "2002", + "572861cc4b864d1900164962": " Several thousand", "572863363acd2414000df985": " 5,792", "572863363acd2414000df986": " 5,792", "572863363acd2414000df987": " 5,792", - "572863363acd2414000df988": " 5,792", - "572863363acd2414000df989": " international students comprised almost 19% of the overall study body, over 26% of students were domestic ethnic minorities", - "572864542ca10214002da2de": " Jay Berwanger", - "572864542ca10214002da2df": " Jay Berwanger", - "572864542ca10214002da2e0": " Jay Berwanger", + "572863363acd2414000df988": " 15,244", + "572863363acd2414000df989": " international students", + "572864542ca10214002da2de": " University Athletic Association", + "572864542ca10214002da2df": " NCAA's Division III", + "572864542ca10214002da2e0": " Big Ten Conference", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": " Jay Berwanger", - "572864542ca10214002da2e2": " Jay Berwanger", + "572864542ca10214002da2e2": " University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": " 400", - "5728659f4b864d190016498b": " 400 clubs and organizations known as Recognized Student Organizations (RSOs", - "5728659f4b864d190016498c": " 15", + "5728659f4b864d190016498b": " Recognized Student Organizations", + "5728659f4b864d190016498c": " University of Chicago College Bowl Team", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": " Doc Films", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": " Off-Off Campus", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": " graduate and undergraduate students", - "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": " graduate", - "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": " $2 million", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": " President", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": " two", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": " $2 million", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": " fifteen", - "572867543acd2414000df9a2": " fifteen", + "572867543acd2414000df9a2": " seven", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": " Alpha Phi Omega", - "572867543acd2414000df9a4": " fifteen", + "572867543acd2414000df9a4": " seven", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": " fifteen", - "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": " obtain notoriously esoteric items from a list. Since 1963, the Festival of the Arts", - "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": " obtain notoriously esoteric items from a list. Since 1963, the Festival of the Arts", - "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": " Arts", - "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": " Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko, which include early morning exercise routines and fitness workshops", - "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": " Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko, which include early morning exercise routines and fitness workshops. The university also annually holds a summer carnival", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": " May", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": " 1963", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": " Festival of the Arts", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": " Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": " Summer Breeze", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": " Satya Nadella", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": " Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": " Larry Ellison", - "57286951ff5b5019007da211": " Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella", - "57286951ff5b5019007da212": " Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella", + "57286951ff5b5019007da211": " Satya Nadella", + "57286951ff5b5019007da212": " Larry Ellison", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": " Saul Alinsky", - "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": " David Axelrod", - "57286ab72ca10214002da320": " Robert Bork, Attorney General Ramsey Clark", - "57286ab72ca10214002da321": " Carol Moseley Braun", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": " Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da320": " Robert Bork", + "57286ab72ca10214002da321": " Masaaki Shirakawa", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": " Eliot Ness", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": " Allan Bloom", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": " Kurt Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": " Lauren Oliver", - "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": " Philip Roth, Canadian-born Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize for Literature winning writer Saul Bellow", - "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": " Philip Roth, Canadian-born Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize for Literature winning writer Saul Bellow", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": " Studs Terkel", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": " Philip Roth", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": " Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": " Alex Seropian", - "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": " Philip Glass", - "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": " Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": " Halo", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": " Ed Asner", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": " Mike Nichols", - "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": " Carl Sagan", - "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": " Carl Sagan", - "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": " Stanton Friedman", - "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": " John B. Goodenough, mathematician and Fields Medal recipient Paul Joseph Cohen", - "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": " Stanton Friedman", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": " Carl Sagan, a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life, and Edwin Hubble", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": " John M. Grunsfeld", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": " David Suzuki", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": " John B. Goodenough", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": " Clair Cameron Patterson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": " Milton Friedman", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": " Margaret Thatcher", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": " Milton Friedman", - "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": " asset pricing and stock market behaviour, are all graduates. American economist, social theorist, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell", - "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": " David Graeber", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": " Eugene Fama", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": " David Graeber and Donald Johanson", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": " Samuel Reshevsky", - "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": " anthropologists David Graeber", - "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": " Robert A. Millikan", - "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": " Luis Walter Alvarez", - "572872dd2ca10214002da380": " Edward Teller", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": " Samuel P. Huntington", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": " A. A. Michelson", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": " Arthur H. Compton", + "572872dd2ca10214002da380": " Arthur H. Compton", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": " Edward Teller", - "572872dd2ca10214002da382": " Maria Goeppert", - "5728742cff5b5019007da246": " Alberto Calder\u00f3n, Nobel prize winning economist and classical liberalism defender Friedrich Hayek, meteorologist Ted Fujita", + "572872dd2ca10214002da382": " Maria Goeppert-Mayer", + "5728742cff5b5019007da246": " James Henry Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": " Alberto Calder\u00f3n", - "5728742cff5b5019007da248": " Alberto Calder\u00f3n, Nobel prize winning economist and classical liberalism defender Friedrich Hayek, meteorologist Ted Fujita", - "5728742cff5b5019007da249": " Yuan T. Lee, Nobel Prize winning novelist Saul Bellow", - "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": " Charles Brenton", + "5728742cff5b5019007da248": " Ted Fujita", + "5728742cff5b5019007da249": " Friedrich Hayek, meteorologist Ted Fujita", + "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": " Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": " Raghuram Rajan", - "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": " Barack Obama's Council of Economic Advisors", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": " Goldman Sachs", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": " David Bevington", - "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": " John Mearsheimer", - "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": " anthropologist Marshall Sahlins", - "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": " Kublai Khan", - "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": " Kublai Khan", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": " John Mearsheimer and Robert Pape", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": " Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": " pinyin: Yu\u00e1n Ch\u00e1o", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": " Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": " Kublai Khan", - "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": " Kublai Khan", - "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": " 1368", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": " Yehe Yuan Ulus", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": " 1271", "572860e03acd2414000df977": " Mongol Empire", - "572860e03acd2414000df978": " Kublai Khan", - "572860e03acd2414000df979": " Kublai Khan", + "572860e03acd2414000df978": " Mongol Empire", + "572860e03acd2414000df979": " Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty. It was the khanate", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": " Genghis Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": " 1271", - "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": " 1271", - "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": " 1271", - "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": " 1271", - "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": " 1271", - "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": " Mongol and Turkic tribes", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": " Commentaries on the Classic of Changes", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "Mongol dynasty", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Great Mongol State", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": " Great Khan", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": " Mongol and Turkic", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": " 1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": " \u00d6gedei Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": " 1206", - "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": " Jin dynasty", - "572864dd4b864d1900164976": " Shi Tianze, Liu Heima", - "572864dd4b864d1900164977": " Shi Tianze, Liu Heima (\u5289\u9ed1\u99ac, Liu Ni), and the Khitan Xiao Zhala", - "572864dd4b864d1900164978": " Shi Tianze, Liu Heima", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": " unable to read Chinese but had several Han Chinese teachers attached to him since his early years by his mother", + "572864dd4b864d1900164976": " Jin", + "572864dd4b864d1900164977": " Han Chinese", + "572864dd4b864d1900164978": " Shi Tianze", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": " 10,000", - "572864dd4b864d190016497a": " 10", - "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": " Chagaan", - "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": " Chagaan", - "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": " Han and Jurchen became common at this time. His father was Shi Bingzhi", + "572864dd4b864d190016497a": " 4 Han Tumens and 3 Khitan Tumens, with each Tumen consisting of 10,000", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": " Han Chinese", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": " Jin dynasty", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Shi Tianze was a Han Chinese who lived in the Jin dynasty. Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": " Shi Bingzhi", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": " Song dynasty", - "572867212ca10214002da2f2": " southern China. The Mongol force that invaded southern China was far greater than the force they sent to invade the Middle East in 1256", + "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": " southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": " 1259", - "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "Golden Horde", - "572867212ca10214002da2f6": " Zhongtong.", - "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": " Song dynasty", - "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": " 1259", - "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": " Li Tan", - "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": " 1259", + "572867212ca10214002da2f5": " Ariq B\u00f6ke", + "572867212ca10214002da2f6": " Zhongtong", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": " Ogedei", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": " south", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": " Ogedei's grandson Kaidu", + "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": " northeast", "572867d72ca10214002da300": " 1262", - "572869b84b864d19001649ae": " Yuan society", - "572869b84b864d19001649b0": " Yuan society", - "572869b84b864d19001649b2": " Han Chinese occupying the lowest rank. Kublai's Chinese advisers still wielded significant power in the government, but their official rank was nebulous", + "572869b84b864d19001649ae": " preserving Mongol interests in China", + "572869b84b864d19001649b0": " Imperial Secretariat", + "572869b84b864d19001649b2": " Han Chinese", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": " three", - "572869b84b864d19001649af": " salt and iron. He restored the Imperial Secretariat", - "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": " 1264", - "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": " 1264", + "572869b84b864d19001649af": " salt and iron", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": " Karakorum", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": " Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": " 1264", - "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": " 1266", - "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": " Confucian propriety", - "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": " commercial, scientific, and cultural growth", - "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Kublai Khan promoted commercial, scientific, and cultural growth. He supported the merchants of the Silk Road trade network by protecting the Mongol postal system", - "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": " southern China to Daidu in the north", - "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": " southern China to Daidu", - "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": " Marco Polo, who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China. Marco Polo's travels would later inspire many others like Christopher Columbus", - "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": " Jin dynasty (1115\u20131234) in the north appointed Kong Duanyou's brother Kong Duancao", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": " Zhongdu", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": " Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": " commercial, scientific, and cultural", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": " peace", + "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": " Daidu", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": " Daidu", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": " Christopher Columbus", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": " Song Emperor", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115\u20131234", - "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": " Kong Duancao", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": " Confucius", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": " 30,000", - "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": " 1268", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": " northern China", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": " 1268 and 1273", - "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": " 1268", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": " Yangzi River basin", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": " Hangzhou", - "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": " 1268", - "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": " Professor Liam Kelley", - "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": " Professor Liam Kelley", - "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": " Fujian region", - "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": " Fujian region", - "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": " Fujian region", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": " drowned", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": " 1279", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": " typhoon", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": " Annam", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": " Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "1288", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": " 1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": " Zhenjin", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": " 1285", - "57286ead2ca10214002da349": " Emperor Chengzong, from 1294", - "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": " Chengzong, from 1294", - "57286f373acd2414000df9db": " 1313", - "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": " 1313", + "57286ead2ca10214002da349": " Emperor Chengzong", + "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": " 1294 to 1307", + "57286f373acd2414000df9db": " Buyantu Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": " He had been mentored by Li Meng, a Confucian academic. He made many reforms, including the liquidation of the Department of State Affairs", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": " Li Meng", - "57286f373acd2414000df9de": " 1313", + "57286f373acd2414000df9de": " Department of State Affairs", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": " 1313", - "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": " Gegeen was assassinated in a coup involving five princes", - "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": " 1321", - "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": " Baiju.", - "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "Chinese: \u5927\u5143\u901a\u5236, \"the comprehensive institutions", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": " 1321 to 1323", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": " Baiju", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": " five", - "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": " Shangdu in 1328", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": " Shangdu", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": " War of the Two Capitals", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": " four days", - "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": " Khanbal", - "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": " 1328", - "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", - "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", - "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", - "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", - "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": " El Tem\u00fcr", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": " Ragibagh", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": " cultural contribution", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": " Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": " 1329", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": " Jingshi Dadian", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": " Confucianism", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": " 1332", - "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": " 1349", - "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": " 1349", - "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": " 1349", - "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": " 1345", - "572872822ca10214002da374": " famine", - "572872822ca10214002da375": " Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese", - "572872822ca10214002da376": " army and the populace", - "572872822ca10214002da377": " famine", - "572872822ca10214002da378": " army and the populace", - "57287338ff5b5019007da232": " Henan", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": " 13-year-old", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": " nine", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": " Liao, Jin, and Song", + "572872822ca10214002da374": " struggle, famine, and bitterness", + "572872822ca10214002da375": " famine", + "572872822ca10214002da376": " the army and the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da377": " Uninterested in administration, they were separated from both the army and the populace, and China was torn by dissension and unrest. Outlaws", + "572872822ca10214002da378": " administration", + "57287338ff5b5019007da232": " late 1340s", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": " Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": " fear of betrayal", - "57287338ff5b5019007da235": " Khanbaliq", - "57287338ff5b5019007da236": " 1340", - "572878942ca10214002da3a2": " Buddhism", - "572878942ca10214002da3a3": " Buddhism", - "572878942ca10214002da3a4": " Buddhism", - "572878942ca10214002da3a5": " Middle Eastern cartography", - "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western musical instruments", - "572879574b864d1900164a15": " Buddhism (especially Tibetan Buddhism", - "572879574b864d1900164a16": " Roman Catholicism", - "572879574b864d1900164a17": " Han society", - "572879574b864d1900164a18": " travel literature, cartography", + "57287338ff5b5019007da235": " Red Turban rebels", + "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368\u20131644", + "572878942ca10214002da3a2": " political unity of China", + "572878942ca10214002da3a3": " political unity", + "572878942ca10214002da3a4": " Ilkhanate", + "572878942ca10214002da3a5": " carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons", + "572879574b864d1900164a14": " Confucian", + "572879574b864d1900164a15": " Tibetan Buddhism) flourished, although Taoism", + "572879574b864d1900164a16": " Tibetan Buddhism) flourished, although Taoism", + "572879574b864d1900164a17": " Buddhism", + "572879574b864d1900164a18": " travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": " Venetian Marco Polo", - "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": " 1299", - "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": " 1299", - "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": " 1299", - "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": " Persian traders", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "Cambal", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": " Travels of Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": " The Million, known in English as the Travels of Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": " contact with Persian traders", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": " Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": " 365.2425 days", - "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": " The city of Beijing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": " granaries were ordered built", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": " Beijing", - "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": " food crop", - "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": " Han Chinese were treated as second-class citizens", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": " sorghum", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": " non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": " Eternal Heaven", - "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": " Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", - "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": " Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", - "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": " Han Chinese were treated as second-class citizens", - "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": " Department of State Affairs", - "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": " Department of State Affairs", - "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": " Liu Bing", - "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": " Department of State Affairs", - "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": " Department of State Affairs", - "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": " Ministry of Justice", - "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": " the authority of the Yuan legal system, the Ministry of Justice", - "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": " Chinese and Mongols. Another example was the insignificance of the Ministry of War", - "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": " Privy Council", - "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": " Mongol", - "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": " Mongol", - "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": " The Mongol custom of long standing quda/marriage", - "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": " Tangut concubine", - "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": " Mongolian", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": " Ming dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": " Ming dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": " a period of foreign domination", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": " Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": " Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": " Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": " Chinese tripartite", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": " Central Secretariat", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": " the Privy Council", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": " since the Sui and Tang dynasties", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": " legal cases involving Mongols", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": " the Privy Council", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": " 1269", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": " Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": " converse well", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": " Tugh Temur", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": " Temur", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": " 1290", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": " 1291", - "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": " a", - "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": " painting", - "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": " arts and culture", - "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": " arts and culture", - "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": " Mongol era", - "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": " poetry", - "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": " Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, favored Buddhism", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": " harvests of their Chinese tenants", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": " painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": " painting, poetry, and calligraphy", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": " Song dynasty", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": " painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": " painters. In the area of calligraphy many of the great calligraphers were from the Yuan dynasty era. In Yuan poetry", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": " Kublai Khan", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": " Buddhism", - "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": " Buddhism", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": " Tibetan Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": " Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", - "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": " Sakya sect", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": " Sakya", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249\u20131314", - "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "12", - "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "1249", - "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": " Zhu Shijie", - "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1249", - "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": " Song dynasty", - "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": " Middle East", - "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": " the Shoushi Li (\u6388\u6642\u66a6) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons", - "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": " the Shoushi Li (\u6388\u6642\u66a6) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons", - "5728809f2ca10214002da410": " Song dynasty", - "572881022ca10214002da416": " Kublai created the Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249\u20131314", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": " matrices", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": " polynomial algebra", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": " 1303", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": " applied mathematics", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": " cubic interpolation formula", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": " Calendar for Fixing the Seasons", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": " Calendar for Fixing the Seasons", + "5728809f2ca10214002da410": " 1281", + "572881022ca10214002da416": " Healers", "572881022ca10214002da417": " herbal remedies", "572881022ca10214002da418": " herbal remedies", "572881022ca10214002da419": " Imperial Academy of Medicine", - "572881022ca10214002da41a": " Kublai created the Imperial Academy of Medicine", - "572881704b864d1900164a50": "1277", - "572881704b864d1900164a51": " Jin dynasty", - "572881704b864d1900164a52": "1277", - "572881704b864d1900164a53": " Wei Yilin", - "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277", - "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": " huihui or Muslim medicine", - "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": " Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263", + "572881022ca10214002da41a": " it ensured a high income", + "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four", + "572881704b864d1900164a51": " inherited from the Jin dynasty", + "572881704b864d1900164a52": " to other parts of the empire", + "572881704b864d1900164a53": " acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs and elixirs", + "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277\u20131347", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": " Muslim medicine", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": " Jesus the Interpreter", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": " 1263", - "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": " huihui or Muslim medicine", - "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": " Jesus the Interpreter", - "572882242ca10214002da420": " 1273, the Mongols created the Imperial Library Directorate", - "572882242ca10214002da421": " 1273, the Mongols created the Imperial Library Directorate", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": " humoral system", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": " humoral system contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing philosophy", + "572882242ca10214002da420": " Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries", + "572882242ca10214002da421": " Wang Zhen", "572882242ca10214002da422": " 12th century", - "572882242ca10214002da423": " 1273", + "572882242ca10214002da423": " T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572882242ca10214002da424": " 1273", - "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": " 1294", - "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": " bark of mulberry trees", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": " chao", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": " mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": " 1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": " woodblocks", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": " 1294", - "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": " Discrimination was used by the Mongols during the Yuan dynasty, who employed only \"Mongols and Tartars", - "572883153acd2414000dfa70": " Discrimination was used by the Mongols during the Yuan dynasty, who employed only \"Mongols and Tartars", - "572883153acd2414000dfa71": " Discrimination was used by the Mongols during the Yuan dynasty, who employed only \"Mongols and Tartars", - "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "Mongols and Tartars", - "572883153acd2414000dfa73": " Ilkhan", - "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": " Governor of Samarqand", - "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": " Governor of Samarqand", - "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": " Central Asian areas like Besh Bali", + "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": " Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", + "572883153acd2414000dfa70": " Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", + "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "various allied groups from Central Asia", + "572883153acd2414000dfa72": " fear of transferring power to the ethnic Chinese under their rule", + "572883153acd2414000dfa73": " Ilkhanate", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": " Central Asian Muslims", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": " Han Chinese and Khitans", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": " Besh Baliq, Almaliq, and Samarqand", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": " artisans and farmers", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": " Qara-Khitay", - "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": " Chen Youding", - "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": " Chen Youding", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": " severely discriminated against them", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": " circumcision", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": " Zhu Yuanzhang", - "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks\".", - "57288428ff5b5019007da292": " Chen Youding", - "5728848cff5b5019007da298": " Mongol", - "5728848cff5b5019007da299": " Mongol", - "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": " Mongol", - "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": " Chinese while there were less rich Mongol and Semu than there were Mongol and Semu who lived in poverty", - "572885023acd2414000dfa83": " Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese", - "572885023acd2414000dfa84": " Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese", - "572885023acd2414000dfa85": " southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in. Major commerce", - "572885023acd2414000dfa86": " southern", - "572885023acd2414000dfa87": " favorable conditions for private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants", - "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": " Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans at the court the Korean King objected, then the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan", + "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks", + "57288428ff5b5019007da292": " Muslim generals joined Han Chinese in rebelling against the Mongols", + "5728848cff5b5019007da298": " Frederick W. Mote", + "5728848cff5b5019007da299": " social power and wealth", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": " rich and well socially standing Chinese while there were less rich Mongol and Semu than there were Mongol and Semu who lived in poverty", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": " rich and well socially standing Chinese while there were less rich Mongol and Semu than there were Mongol and Semu who lived in poverty", + "572885023acd2414000dfa83": " Northern Chinese", + "572885023acd2414000dfa84": " Northern Chinese", + "572885023acd2414000dfa85": " because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in", + "572885023acd2414000dfa86": " date they surrendered to the Mongols", + "572885023acd2414000dfa87": " private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": " Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": " Karluk Kara-Khan", - "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": " Korean King objected, then the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan", - "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": " Karluk Kara-Khan", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": " the Korean King", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": " surrendered to the Mongols first", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": " Inner Mongolia", - "572885c44b864d1900164a79": " Khanbaliq (modern Beijing); similarly, another top-level administrative department called the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", - "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": " Khanbaliq (modern Beijing); similarly, another top-level administrative department called the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", + "572885c44b864d1900164a79": " Central Secretariat", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": " Khanbaliq", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": " Beijing", - "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": " Khanbaliq (modern Beijing); similarly, another top-level administrative department called the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", - "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": " 5", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": " Zhongshu Sheng", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": " Africa", "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": " East African Community", - "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": " 5", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": " Nairobi", "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": " Tanzania", "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": " 45 million", - "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": " Lake Victoria", - "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": " Lake Victoria", - "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": " Lake Victoria", - "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": " Somalia", - "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": " Lake Victoria", - "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": " 47", - "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": " West", - "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": " European", - "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": " British Empire", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": " warm and humid", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": " cooler", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": " Mount Kenya", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": " Somalia and Ethiopia", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": " safaris, diverse climate and geography, and expansive wildlife reserves", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": " since the Lower Paleolithic period", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": " By the first millennium AD", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": " Bantu and Nilotic", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": " 19th century", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": " December 1963", "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": " Mount Kenya", - "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": " Kirinyaga, Kirenyaa and Kiinyaa which mean \"God's resting place\"", - "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "God's resting place\"", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": " Kirinyaga, Kirenyaa and Kiinyaa", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "God's resting place", "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": " Kenia and Kegnia", - "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": " Joseph Thompsons", - "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": " 1862", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "a very precise notation of a correct African pronunciation", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": "Ludwig Krapf", "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": " 1862", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "Big Five", - "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": " lion, leopard, buffalo", - "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "Big Five", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": " lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": " Kenya and in the Masai Mara", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": " between June and September", "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": " 2,900 kilometres", - "5728fa576aef051400154920": " 1.6-million-year-old fossil belonging to Homo erectus", - "5728fa576aef051400154921": " Pleistocene", - "5728fa576aef051400154922": " 1.6-million-year-old fossil belonging to Homo erectus", - "5728fa576aef051400154923": " 1.6-million-year-old fossil belonging to Homo erectus", - "5728fa576aef051400154924": " Richard Leakey", - "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": " Portuguese voyager Duarte Barbosa", - "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": " Portuguese voyager Duarte Barbosa", + "5728fa576aef051400154920": " 20 million years ago", + "5728fa576aef051400154921": " the Pleistocene epoch", + "5728fa576aef051400154922": " Richard Leakey assisted by Kamoya Kimeu", + "5728fa576aef051400154923": " 1.6-million-year-old", + "5728fa576aef051400154924": " Richard Leakey assisted by Kamoya Kimeu", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": " Swahili", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": " Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": " Duarte Barbosa", - "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": " City of Malindi", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": " Kenyan Coast", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": " City of Malindi", - "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": " 1414", - "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": " Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", - "5729024f1d04691400778f60": " Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": " 14th century", + "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": " August 1914", + "5729024f1d04691400778f60": " German East Africa", "5729024f1d04691400778f61": " Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", - "5729024f1d04691400778f62": " Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", + "5729024f1d04691400778f62": " guerrilla warfare campaign", "5729024f1d04691400778f63": " Northern Rhodesia", - "572903d96aef0514001549a4": " European terms and lived as itinerant farmers. To protect their interests, the settlers banned the growing of coffee, introduced a hut tax", - "572903d96aef0514001549a5": " no land claims in European terms and lived as itinerant farmers. To protect their interests, the settlers banned the growing of coffee, introduced a hut tax", - "572903d96aef0514001549a6": " the growing of coffee, introduced a hut tax", - "572903d96aef0514001549a7": " 80", + "572903d96aef0514001549a4": " central highlands", + "572903d96aef0514001549a5": " as itinerant farmers", + "572903d96aef0514001549a6": " banned the growing of coffee", + "572903d96aef0514001549a7": " 80,000", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": " 15 January 1954", - "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": " Kimathi", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": " placed Nairobi under military siege", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": " 24 April 1954", - "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": " 4,686 Mau Mau, amounting to 42%", - "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": " The most important of these was the Swynnerton Plan", - "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": " Legislative Council", - "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": " the Kenya Independence Act 1963", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": " 4,686", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": " the Swynnerton Plan", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": " 1957", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": " Jomo Kenyatta", "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": " 12 December 1963", - "572906e23f37b31900477f90": " the Kenya Independence Act 1963", - "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "Republic of Kenya\".", - "572909406aef0514001549dc": " Daniel arap Moi", - "572909406aef0514001549dd": " Daniel arap Moi", + "572906e23f37b31900477f90": " under the Kenya Independence Act 1963", + "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "Republic of Kenya", + "572909406aef0514001549dc": "queuing", + "572909406aef0514001549dd": " widespread agitation for constitutional reform", "572909406aef0514001549de": " Daniel arap Moi", - "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": " Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly", - "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": "Kenya is a presidential representative", - "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": " Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly", - "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": " Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly", - "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "Kenya is a presidential representative", - "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": "Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", - "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": "Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": " presidential representative democratic republic", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": " head of state and head of government", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": " the government", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": " the government and the National Assembly", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": " The Judiciary", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": " In 2012, the nation placed 139th", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": " the prevalence of public sector corruption", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": " 139th", - "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", - "57290d811d04691400778fcf": " Party of National Unity ran for re-election against the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement", - "57290d811d04691400778fd0": " Orange Democratic Movement", - "57290d811d04691400778fd1": " protests and open discrediting", - "57290d811d04691400778fd2": " a recount", - "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": " avoid similar disasters", - "57290e153f37b31900477fda": " the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya", - "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": " Agnes R. M. Aboum \u2013 executive director of TAABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi", - "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": " Agnes R. M. Aboum \u2013 executive director of TAABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": " the establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission", + "57290d811d04691400778fcf": " Party of National Unity", + "57290d811d04691400778fd0": " the Orange Democratic Movement", + "57290d811d04691400778fd1": " Kibaki closed the gap and then overtook his opponent by a substantial margin", + "57290d811d04691400778fd2": " Kalonzo Musyoka", + "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": " programmes to avoid similar disasters in the future", + "57290e153f37b31900477fda": " TAABCO Research and Development Consultants", + "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": " TAABCO Research and Development Consultants", + "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": " community dialogues, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya started peace meetings and the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation process", "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": " 28 February 2008", - "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": " PNU and ODM camps depending on each party's strength in Parliament. The agreement stipulated that the cabinet would include a vice-president", - "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": " vice-president", - "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": " 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga", - "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": " 28 February 2008", - "57290f963f37b31900477feb": " Kenyan lawmakers unanimously approved a power-sharing deal 18 March 2008", - "57290f963f37b31900477fec": " former rivals to the signing ceremony, beamed live on national TV from the steps of Nairobi's Harambee House", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": " second Prime Minister", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": " PNU and ODM", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": " two", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": " until the end of the current Parliament or if either of the parties withdraws from the deal before then", + "57290f963f37b31900477feb": " the functions of the Government", + "57290f963f37b31900477fec": " Jakaya Kikwete", "57290f963f37b31900477fed": " Harambee House", - "57290f963f37b31900477fee": " 18 March 2008", - "57290f963f37b31900477fef": " two political parties", - "572913626aef051400154a30": " the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President. A referendum", - "572913626aef051400154a31": " eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President. A referendum to vote on the proposed constitution was held on 4 August 2010", - "572913626aef051400154a32": " Kenyans a bill of rights. It was promulgated on 27 August 2010 at a euphoric ceremony in Nairobi's Uhuru Park", - "572913626aef051400154a33": " 27 August 2010 at a euphoric ceremony in Nairobi's Uhuru Park", - "572913626aef051400154a34": " the Second Republic", + "57290f963f37b31900477fee": " 29 February 2008", + "57290f963f37b31900477fef": " the two political parties would share power equally", + "572913626aef051400154a30": "A constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", + "572913626aef051400154a31": " 4 August 2010", + "572913626aef051400154a32": " local governments", + "572913626aef051400154a33": " 27 August 2010", + "572913626aef051400154a34": " Second Republic", "572914441d04691400779025": " December 2014", - "572914441d04691400779026": " December 2014", - "572914441d04691400779027": " infringed on democratic freedoms", - "572914441d04691400779028": " infringed on democratic freedoms", - "572914441d04691400779029": " the law's potential impact. Through the Jubillee Coalition", - "572914f46aef051400154a46": " Xi Jinping", - "572914f46aef051400154a47": " China at the invitation of President Xi Jinping", - "572914f46aef051400154a48": " China at the invitation of President Xi Jinping", - "572914f46aef051400154a49": " China at the invitation of President Xi Jinping", - "572915621d0469140077902f": " peacekeeping", - "572915621d04691400779030": " Mt Elgon area", - "572915621d04691400779031": " human rights violations", - "572915e43f37b31900478005": " recruitment and procurement of Armoured Personnel Carriers", - "572915e43f37b31900478006": " less in public view, and thus less subject to public scrutiny", - "572915e43f37b31900478007": " recruitment and procurement of Armoured Personnel Carriers", - "572915e43f37b31900478008": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces", - "572916f16aef051400154a56": " Human Development Index", - "572916f16aef051400154a57": " Kenya is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa, and has an affluent urban minority", + "572914441d04691400779026": " to guard against armed groups. Opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries criticised the security bill, arguing that it infringed on democratic freedoms", + "572914441d04691400779027": " President Uhuru Kenyatta", + "572914441d04691400779028": " it infringed on democratic freedoms", + "572914441d04691400779029": " The governments of the United States, Britain, Germany and France", + "572914f46aef051400154a46": " International Criminal Court trial", + "572914f46aef051400154a47": " US President Barack Obama", + "572914f46aef051400154a48": " China", + "572914f46aef051400154a49": " mid-2013", + "572915621d0469140077902f": " peacekeeping missions", + "572915621d04691400779030": " violence", + "572915621d04691400779031": " serious allegations of human rights violations", + "572915e43f37b31900478005": " armed forces", + "572915e43f37b31900478006": " less in public view, and thus less subject to public scrutiny and notoriety", + "572915e43f37b31900478007": " tainted by corruption allegations", + "572915e43f37b31900478008": " corruption", + "572916f16aef051400154a56": " 0.519", + "572916f16aef051400154a57": " Kenya", "572916f16aef051400154a58": " $1.25 a day", - "572916f16aef051400154a59": " frontier market", - "572917743f37b3190047800d": " 62%", - "572917743f37b3190047800f": " 62%", - "572917743f37b31900478010": " The service, industry and manufacturing sectors only employ 25%", - "572917743f37b3190047800e": " 62% of GDP. 22%", + "572916f16aef051400154a59": " frontier", + "572917743f37b3190047800d": " rapid expansion in telecommunication and financial activity", + "572917743f37b3190047800f": " rapid expansion in telecommunication and financial activity", + "572917743f37b31900478010": " Industry and manufacturing", + "572917743f37b3190047800e": " 75%", "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": " 61%", - "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": " 61%", - "572917ff6aef051400154a60": " 61%", - "572917ff6aef051400154a62": " coastal beaches", - "572917ff6aef051400154a61": " Germany", - "572918bd3f37b31900478016": "%", + "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": " tourism", + "572917ff6aef051400154a60": " steady growth", + "572917ff6aef051400154a62": " coastal beaches and the game reserves", + "572917ff6aef051400154a61": " Germany and the United Kingdom", + "572918bd3f37b31900478016": " 24%", "572918bd3f37b31900478017": " tea, horticultural produce, and coffee", - "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "GDP), after the service sector. In 2005 agriculture, including forestry and fishing, accounted for 24%", - "572918bd3f37b31900478018": "GDP), after the service sector. In 2005 agriculture, including forestry and fishing, accounted for 24%", - "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": " maize", - "57291a7b1d04691400779040": " drought resistant", - "57291a7b1d04691400779041": " stimulating the growth of local seed production", + "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "Agriculture", + "572918bd3f37b31900478018": " weather", + "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": " International Crops Research Institute", + "57291a7b1d04691400779040": " opening pathways for them to move out of poverty", + "57291a7b1d04691400779041": " stimulating the growth of local seed production and agro-dealer networks", "57291a7b1d04691400779042": " 20\u201325%", - "57291a7b1d04691400779043": " 20\u201325%", - "57291b461d04691400779049": " lower-lying areas. Unfortunately, the country has not attained the level of investment and efficiency in agriculture that can guarantee food security", - "57291b461d0469140077904a": " lower-lying areas. Unfortunately, the country has not attained the level of investment and efficiency in agriculture that can guarantee food security", + "57291a7b1d04691400779043": " opening pathways for them to move out of poverty", + "57291b461d04691400779049": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat are grown in the fertile highlands", + "57291b461d0469140077904a": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat", "57291b461d0469140077904b": " semi-arid savanna", - "57291b461d0469140077904c": " below the poverty line", - "57291b461d0469140077904d": " lower-lying areas. Unfortunately, the country has not attained the level of investment and efficiency in agriculture that can guarantee food security", - "57291beb1d04691400779053": " Kenya is the most industrially developed country in the African Great Lakes region, manufacturing still accounts for only 14%", + "57291b461d0469140077904c": "53%", + "57291b461d0469140077904d": " Kenyans for Kenya initiative", + "57291beb1d04691400779053": " Kenya", "57291beb1d04691400779054": " 14%", - "57291beb1d04691400779055": " food-processing industries", - "57291beb1d04691400779056": " small-scale manufacturing", - "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": " clothing sales to the United States increased from US$44 million to US$270 million", - "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": " 2000, Kenya's clothing sales to the United States increased from US$44 million to US$270 million", + "57291beb1d04691400779055": " Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu", + "57291beb1d04691400779056": " small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements", + "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the US Government's African Growth and Opportunity Act", + "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": " 2000", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": " hydroelectric stations", - "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": " Turkwel Gorge Dam", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": " upper Tana River", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": " 1997", - "57291f153f37b31900478043": " Turkana and the commercial viability was just discovered. Tullow Oil estimates Kenya's oil reserves to be around 10 billion", - "57291f153f37b31900478044": " 10 billion", - "57291f153f37b31900478045": " 10 billion", - "57291f153f37b31900478046": " 20%", + "57291f153f37b31900478043": " Turkana", + "57291f153f37b31900478044": " 10 billion barrels", + "57291f153f37b31900478045": " Exploration", + "57291f153f37b31900478046": " 20% to 25%", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": " $474 million", - "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": " $474 million", - "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": " $474 million", - "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": " about Shs15 \u2013 Shs20 Billion", - "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": " $474 million", - "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": "low carbon climate resilient development pathway'. At the launch in March 2013, the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning", - "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": "low carbon climate resilient development pathway", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": " largest source of foreign direct investment", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": " gain support from China for a planned $2.5 billion railway from the southern Kenyan port of Mombasa to neighboring Uganda", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": " Mombasa", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": " environmental and social problems", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": " climate", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": " an economic development programme", "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": " National Climate Change Action Plan", - "57292046af94a219006aa0be": "low carbon climate resilient development pathway'. At the launch in March 2013, the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning", + "57292046af94a219006aa0be": " an oversight", "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": " climate change is treated as an economy-wide issue", "572920d73f37b31900478055": " agriculture", - "572920d73f37b31900478056": "Child labour is common in Kenya. Most working children are active in agriculture. In 2006, UNICEF estimated that up to 30%", + "572920d73f37b31900478056": " 30%", "572920d73f37b31900478057": " 9\u201318", "572920d73f37b31900478058": " poverty, the lack of access to education and weak government institutions", - "572921646aef051400154a78": " English", - "572921646aef051400154a79": " English", - "572921646aef051400154a7a": " English and Swahili, are used in varying degrees of fluency for communication with other populations. English is widely spoken in commerce", - "572921646aef051400154a7b": "Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English", + "572921646aef051400154a78": " Kenyan English", + "572921646aef051400154a79": " English and Swahili", + "572921646aef051400154a7a": " commerce, schooling and government", + "572921646aef051400154a7b": " in the country", "572922206aef051400154a8a": " Christian", - "572922206aef051400154a8b": "83%), with 47.7%", - "572922206aef051400154a8c": "83", - "572922206aef051400154a8d": " capital, Nairobi", - "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": "ixty", - "57292449af94a219006aa0de": " 50%", + "572922206aef051400154a8b": " Presbyterian", + "572922206aef051400154a8c": " 3 million", + "572922206aef051400154a8d": " Nairobi", + "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": " 2.4%.", + "57292449af94a219006aa0de": " 2.4%.", "57292449af94a219006aa0df": " Christian", "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": " 300,000", - "572924b53f37b31900478067": " 80%", - "572924b53f37b31900478068": " 80%", - "572924b53f37b31900478069": " 80%", - "572924b53f37b3190047806a": " 80%", - "572925491d046914007790c3": " Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level", + "572924b53f37b31900478067": "Nurses", + "572924b53f37b31900478068": " Kenya National Bureau of Statistics", + "572924b53f37b31900478069": " 65,000", + "572924b53f37b3190047806a": " 7,000", + "572925491d046914007790c3": "Diseases of poverty", "572925491d046914007790c4": " Half", - "572925491d046914007790c5": " 6.3%", - "572925491d046914007790c6": " HIV prevalence is about 6.3%", - "572925491d046914007790c7": " 15", - "572925a81d046914007790cd": " British", + "572925491d046914007790c5": " Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition", + "572925491d046914007790c6": " Preventable diseases like malaria", + "572925491d046914007790c7": " 15 million", + "572925a81d046914007790cd": " British colonists", "572925a81d046914007790ce": " 12 December 1963", - "572925a81d046914007790cf": " 12 December 1963, an authority named the Ominde Commission", - "572925a81d046914007790d0": " identity", - "572925a81d046914007790d1": " British colonists. After Kenya's independence on 12 December 1963, an authority named the Ominde Commission", - "572926086aef051400154ac2": " look at both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya", - "572926086aef051400154ac3": " 1992", - "572926086aef051400154ac4": " 1985, the last batch of students from the former system graduated from Kenyan Universities in 1992", + "572925a81d046914007790cf": " Ominde Commission", + "572925a81d046914007790d0": " introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty. The commission focused on identity and unity", + "572925a81d046914007790d1": " Ominde Commission", + "572926086aef051400154ac2": " look at both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya as well as the reforming of the entire education system", + "572926086aef051400154ac3": " an 8\u20134\u20134 system", + "572926086aef051400154ac4": " 7\u20134\u20132\u20133 system theoretically ended with the introduction of the new 8\u20134\u20134 system", "572926086aef051400154ac5": " 1992", "572926653f37b31900478079": " January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807a": " vocational subjects", - "572926653f37b3190047807b": " self-employed", - "572926653f37b3190047807c": " January 1985", + "572926653f37b3190047807b": " assumption that the new structure would enable school drop-outs at all levels either to be self-employed or to secure employment", + "572926653f37b3190047807c": " January 2003", "572926653f37b3190047807d": " 70%.", - "572926d23f37b31900478083": " six years", - "572926d23f37b31900478084": " 12 years", - "572926d23f37b31900478085": " 12 years", - "572926d23f37b31900478086": " polytechnic", + "572926d23f37b31900478083": " six", + "572926d23f37b31900478084": " The higher diploma", + "572926d23f37b31900478085": " join the workforce", + "572926d23f37b31900478086": " join a polytechnic or other technical college", "5729276c1d046914007790d7": " 85%", - "5729276c1d046914007790d8": " 6/7-13/14 years", - "5729276c1d046914007790d9": " 6/7-13/14 years", - "5729276c1d046914007790da": " 6/7-13/14 years", - "5729276c1d046914007790db": " English", - "572927d06aef051400154ade": " National and Public Library Services led by the Kenya National Library Service", - "572927d06aef051400154adf": " National and Public Library Services led by the Kenya National Library Service", + "5729276c1d046914007790d8": " three to five", + "5729276c1d046914007790d9": " admission to Standard One", + "5729276c1d046914007790da": " those who proceed to secondary school or vocational training", + "5729276c1d046914007790db": " Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education", + "572927d06aef051400154ade": " Kenya National Library Service", + "572927d06aef051400154adf": " establish, equip, manage and maintain national and public libraries", "572927d06aef051400154ae0": " peoples university", - "572927d06aef051400154ae1": " peoples university", - "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": " cricket", - "5729281baf94a219006aa120": " Catherine Ndereba, 800m world record holder David Rudisha", - "5729281baf94a219006aa121": " Catherine Ndereba, 800m world record holder David Rudisha", + "572927d06aef051400154ae1": " it is open to all irrespective of age, literacy level and has materials relevant to people of all walks of life", + "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": " cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing", + "5729281baf94a219006aa120": " dominance in middle-distance and long-distance athletics", + "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "Kenya", "5729281baf94a219006aa122": " Morocco and Ethiopia", "572928bf6aef051400154af0": " six", - "572928bf6aef051400154af1": " six", - "572928bf6aef051400154af2": " Beijing Olympics", - "572928bf6aef051400154af3": " Pamela Jelimo", - "572928bf6aef051400154af4": " Bernard Lagat the latest, choosing to represent the United States. Most of these defections occur because of economic or financial factors", - "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": " soccer", - "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": " soccer", - "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": " soccer", + "572928bf6aef051400154af1": " won several medals", + "572928bf6aef051400154af2": " IAAF Golden League jackpot", + "572928bf6aef051400154af3": " defection of a number of Kenyan athletes to represent other countries", + "572928bf6aef051400154af4": " economic or financial factors", + "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": " volleyball", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": " Cricket", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": " 2003", "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": " Rakep Patel", "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": " March 2007", "57292994af94a219006aa131": " Safari Rally", - "57292994af94a219006aa132": " Bj\u00f6rn Waldeg\u00e5rd", - "57292994af94a219006aa133": " Bj\u00f6rn Waldeg\u00e5rd", + "57292994af94a219006aa132": " Safari Rally", + "57292994af94a219006aa133": " Colin McRae", "572929d56aef051400154b0a": " three", - "572929d56aef051400154b0b": " three meals in a day", - "572929d56aef051400154b0c": " three meals in a day \u2013 breakfast in the morning", - "572929d56aef051400154b0d": " breakfast", - "57293b843f37b31900478133": "IPCC) is a scientific intergovernmental body", - "57293b843f37b31900478134": " 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization", + "572929d56aef051400154b0b": " 4 pm", + "572929d56aef051400154b0c": " bread, chapati, mahamri, boiled sweet potatoes or yams", + "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "chakula cha jioni", + "57293b843f37b31900478133": " United Nations", + "57293b843f37b31900478134": " World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme", "57293b843f37b31900478135": " greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere", - "57293b843f37b31900478136": "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere", - "57293b843f37b31900478137": " the United Nations General Assembly", - "57293bc91d0469140077919b": " Ismail El Gizouli", - "57293bc91d0469140077919c": " Ismail El Gizouli", + "57293b843f37b31900478136": "UNFCCC", + "57293b843f37b31900478137": " Resolution 43/53", + "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Korean economist Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "orean", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": " Ismail El Gizouli", - "57293bc91d0469140077919e": " Rajendra K. Pachauri, elected in May 2002; Robert Watson", - "57293bc91d0469140077919f": " Rajendra K. Pachauri in February 2015", - "57293c246aef051400154bb8": " Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations", - "57293c246aef051400154bb9": " 350 government officials", - "57293c246aef051400154bba": " Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations may be allowed to attend as observers. Sessions", - "57293c246aef051400154bbb": " Non", + "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Korean economist Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919f": " February 2015", + "57293c246aef051400154bb8": " representatives appointed by governments", + "57293c246aef051400154bb9": " 350", + "57293c246aef051400154bba": " Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations", + "57293c246aef051400154bbb": " seven-eighths", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": " 1989", - "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": " the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": " United Nations Environment Programme", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": " the IPCC Trust Fund", - "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": " the IPCC Trust Fund", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": " Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": " the IPCC Trust Fund", - "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "the \"grey literature", - "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "the \"grey literature", - "57293d116aef051400154bca": " non-peer-reviewed sources", - "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "the \"grey literature", - "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": " ten to fifteen", - "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": " fifteen", - "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": " fifteen", - "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": " assembling the contributions of the other authors, ensuring that they meet stylistic", - "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": " ten to fifteen", - "57293e221d046914007791d5": " 0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", - "57293e221d046914007791d6": " 0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", - "57293e221d046914007791d7": " 0.3 \u00b0C", - "57293e221d046914007791d8": " 0.3 \u00b0C", + "57293d116aef051400154bc8": " carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", + "57293d116aef051400154bc9": " published sources", + "57293d116aef051400154bca": " Authors may refer to non-peer-reviewed sources", + "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "grey literature", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": " two", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": " two", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": " two", + "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": " The coordinating lead authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": " the Working Group chairs", + "57293e221d046914007791d5": " substantially increasing", + "57293e221d046914007791d6": " additional warming of the Earth's surface", + "57293e221d046914007791d7": " over half", + "57293e221d046914007791d8": "business as usual\" (BAU) scenario", "57293e221d046914007791d9": " 0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", - "57293e983f37b3190047818b": " the Australian Academy of Science", - "57293e983f37b3190047818c": " 90%", - "57293e983f37b3190047818d": " Australian Academy of Science", - "57293e983f37b3190047818e": " 90% certain that temperatures will continue to rise, with average global surface temperature projected to increase by between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C", - "57293e983f37b3190047818f": " 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C", + "57293e983f37b3190047818b": " 2001", + "57293e983f37b3190047818c": " 16", + "57293e983f37b3190047818d": " Science", + "57293e983f37b3190047818e": " 90%", + "57293e983f37b3190047818f": " between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": " Richard Lindzen", - "57293f353f37b3190047819c": " the WGI Summary for Policymakers (SPM)", + "57293f353f37b3190047819c": " not faithfully summarize the full WGI report", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": " John Houghton", - "57293f353f37b3190047819e": " John Houghton", + "57293f353f37b3190047819e": " co-chair of TAR WGI", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": " scientific evidence", - "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": " The preparation and approval process", - "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": " climate assessment reports", - "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "SRREN) and the Special Report on Managing Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation", - "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": " two IPCC Special Report were finalized, the Special Report on Renewable Energy", - "572940246aef051400154bec": " the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", - "572940246aef051400154bed": " the levels of fuel consumption, industrial production and so on", - "572940246aef051400154bee": " the levels of fuel consumption", - "572940246aef051400154bef": " the relevant WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": " publishing Special Reports on specific topics. The preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follows the same procedures as for IPCC Assessment Reports", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": " 2011", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": " 2011", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": " requested by governments", + "572940246aef051400154bec": " Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", + "572940246aef051400154bed": " Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, required under the UNFCCC. This involves publishing default emission factors", + "572940246aef051400154bee": " fuel consumption", + "572940246aef051400154bef": " WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council", "572940973f37b319004781a5": " the date is incorrect", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", - "572940973f37b319004781a7": " The date of 2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC from the WWF report, which has misquoted its own source", + "572940973f37b319004781a7": " ICSI report", "572940973f37b319004781a8": " 2035", - "572941273f37b319004781ad": " Martin Parry", - "572941273f37b319004781ae": " Martin Parry", - "572941273f37b319004781af": " Martin Parry, a climate expert", - "572941273f37b319004781b0": " Martin Parry", - "572941273f37b319004781b1": " Martin Parry", - "57294209af94a219006aa201": " Michael E. Mann", - "57294209af94a219006aa202": " Michael E. Mann", - "57294209af94a219006aa203": " Figure 2.21", - "57294209af94a219006aa204": " Jones et al. 1998", - "57294279af94a219006aa209": " Stephen McIntyre", - "57294279af94a219006aa20a": " Stephen McIntyre", - "57294279af94a219006aa20b": " Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project held a press event on Capitol Hill", - "57294279af94a219006aa20c": " Stephen McIntyre", - "57294279af94a219006aa20d": " James Inhofe", - "572943ab1d04691400779219": " Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce wrote joint letters with Ed Whitfield", - "572943ab1d0469140077921a": " Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce wrote joint letters with Ed Whitfield", - "572943ab1d0469140077921b": " 23 June", - "572943ab1d0469140077921c": " Rep. Joe Barton", - "572943ab1d0469140077921d": " intimidating scientists, and at his request the U.S. National Academy of Sciences", + "572941273f37b319004781ad": " chairman", + "572941273f37b319004781ae": " making it seem like climate change is more serious", + "572941273f37b319004781af": " climate expert", + "572941273f37b319004781b0": " over Himalayan glaciers", + "572941273f37b319004781b1": "generally unfounded", + "57294209af94a219006aa201": " 1999", + "57294209af94a219006aa202": " Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes", + "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", + "57294209af94a219006aa204": " Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 and Briffa 2000", + "57294279af94a219006aa209": " 1000 and 1900", + "57294279af94a219006aa20a": " Fred Singer", + "57294279af94a219006aa20b": " Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.,", + "57294279af94a219006aa20c": " 18 July 2000", + "57294279af94a219006aa20d": " Commerce, Science and Transportation", + "572943ab1d04691400779219": " Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921a": " Rep. Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921b": " 23 June 2005", + "572943ab1d0469140077921c": " Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921d": " Sherwood Boehlert", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": " 2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": " 2007", - "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "000", - "572944e03f37b319004781e5": " The section discussed the divergence problem affecting certain tree ring data", - "572944e03f37b319004781e3": " 1,000", - "572945b11d0469140077922f": " The study compared IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", - "572945b11d04691400779230": " 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", - "572945b11d04691400779231": " 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", - "572945b11d04691400779232": " 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", - "572949306aef051400154c68": " 0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm] above 1990 levels", + "572944e03f37b319004781e4": " Ten of these 14", + "572944e03f37b319004781e5": " newer reconstructions used additional data and covered a wider area, using a variety of statistical methods. The section discussed the divergence problem", + "572944e03f37b319004781e3": " 14", + "572945b11d0469140077922f": " 1 February 2007", + "572945b11d04691400779230": " IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", + "572945b11d04691400779231": " IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", + "572945b11d04691400779232": " IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", + "572949306aef051400154c68": " dangers and risks", "572949306aef051400154c69": " 0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm] above 1990 levels", - "572949306aef051400154c6a": " 0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm] above 1990 levels", - "572949306aef051400154c6b": " 0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm] above 1990 levels", - "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "Michael Oppenheimer, a long-time participant", + "572949306aef051400154c6a": " 0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm]", + "572949306aef051400154c6b": " 2001", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": " participant", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Michael Oppenheimer", - "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "Michael Oppenheimer, a long-time participant in the IPCC and coordinating lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report", - "57294e6b1d04691400779275": " Kyoto Protocol", - "57294e6b1d04691400779276": " Kyoto Protocol failed", - "57294e6b1d04691400779277": " Kyoto Protocol", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": " Fifth Assessment Report", + "57294e6b1d04691400779275": " IPCC process on climate change", + "57294e6b1d04691400779276": " Climate Change", + "57294e6b1d04691400779277": " states and governments", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": " Sheldon Ungar", - "5729506d6aef051400154cad": " UK", - "5729506d6aef051400154cae": " regional burden sharing conflicts", + "5729506d6aef051400154cad": " failure of the Kyoto Protocol, varying regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts", + "5729506d6aef051400154cae": " regional burden sharing", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": " the UK government", - "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": " scientific papers and independently documented results", - "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": " a deadline", - "5729517d6aef051400154cca": " the science. However, there has generally been a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": " scientific papers", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": " any significant new evidence", + "5729517d6aef051400154cca": " any significant new evidence", "572951f16aef051400154cce": " five", - "572951f16aef051400154ccf": " February 2010, in response to controversies regarding claims in the Fourth Assessment Report", - "572951f16aef051400154cd0": " a range of new organizational options", - "572951f16aef051400154cd1": " a range of new organizational options", - "572953013f37b3190047824d": " photosynthesis", - "572953013f37b3190047824e": " ATP", - "572953013f37b3190047824f": " ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water", + "572951f16aef051400154ccf": " Nature", + "572951f16aef051400154cd0": " dumping it in favor of a small permanent body", + "572951f16aef051400154cd1": " dumping it in favor of a small permanent body", + "572953013f37b3190047824d": " to conduct photosynthesis", + "572953013f37b3190047824e": " NADPH", + "572953013f37b3190047824f": " ATP", "572953013f37b31900478250": " Calvin cycle", - "572953013f37b31900478251": " 1", - "5729544c3f37b31900478257": " environmental factors", - "5729544c3f37b31900478258": " environmental factors", - "5729544c3f37b31900478259": " environmental factors", - "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": " photosynthetic cyanobacterium", - "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": " environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria", + "572953013f37b31900478251": " 100", + "5729544c3f37b31900478257": " circulate and are moved around within plant cells", + "5729544c3f37b31900478258": " light color and intensity", + "5729544c3f37b31900478259": " contain their own DNA", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": " cyanobacterium", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": " circulate and are moved around within plant cells", "572956c86aef051400154d1a": " algae", - "572956c86aef051400154d1b": " Andreas Schimper observed in 1883 that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts are only found in plants and algae", - "572956c86aef051400154d1c": " Andreas Schimper", - "572956c86aef051400154d1d": " Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905", - "572956c86aef051400154d1e": " cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts are only found in plants and algae", - "572957361d046914007792cf": " photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll a. Phycobilins", - "572957361d046914007792d0": " Cyanobacteria also contain a peptidoglycan cell wall", - "572957361d046914007792d2": " Cyanobacteria also contain a peptidoglycan cell wall", - "572957361d046914007792d3": " Cyanobacteria also contain a peptidoglycan cell wall", - "572957361d046914007792d1": " Cyanobacteria also contain a peptidoglycan cell wall", - "572957ad1d046914007792d9": " food", - "572957ad1d046914007792da": " food", - "572957ad1d046914007792db": " outer and inner membranes of the ancestral cyanobacterium's gram negative cell wall", - "572957ad1d046914007792dc": " outer and inner membranes of the ancestral cyanobacterium's gram negative cell wall", - "572957ad1d046914007792dd": " food", - "5729582b1d046914007792e3": " chloroplast). All primary chloroplasts belong to one of three chloroplast lineages", - "5729582b1d046914007792e4": " glaucophyte chloroplast lineage", - "5729582b1d046914007792e5": " glaucophyte chloroplast lineage", - "5729582b1d046914007792e6": " glaucophyte chloroplast lineage", + "572956c86aef051400154d1b": " Russian", + "572956c86aef051400154d1c": " Russian biologist", + "572956c86aef051400154d1d": " 1905", + "572956c86aef051400154d1e": " Konstantin Mereschkowski", + "572957361d046914007792cf": "Cyanobacteria", + "572957361d046914007792d0": " chloroplasts. They are sometimes called blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes. They are a diverse phylum of bacteria", + "572957361d046914007792d2": " they have two cell membranes", + "572957361d046914007792d3": " peptidoglycan", + "572957361d046914007792d1": " blue-green algae", + "572957ad1d046914007792d9": " cyanobacterium entered an early eukaryotic", + "572957ad1d046914007792da": " a billion years ago", + "572957ad1d046914007792db": " The two innermost lipid-bilayer membranes", + "572957ad1d046914007792dc": " phagosomal membrane", + "572957ad1d046914007792dd": " many of its genes were lost or transferred to the nucleus of the host", + "5729582b1d046914007792e3": " almost the same thing as chloroplast", + "5729582b1d046914007792e4": " three", + "5729582b1d046914007792e5": " red algal chloroplast lineage", + "5729582b1d046914007792e6": " green chloroplast lineage", "5729582b1d046914007792e7": " glaucophyte chloroplast lineage", - "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": " 13", - "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": " chloroplasts are also known as muroplasts", - "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": " Glaucophyte chloroplasts also contain concentric unstacked thylakoids", - "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": " carboxysome", - "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": " phycobilisomes", - "57295a116aef051400154d44": " blue-green chlorophyll a and other pigments, many are reddish to purple", - "57295a116aef051400154d45": " phycobilisomes on the thylakoid membranes", - "57295a116aef051400154d46": " blue-green chlorophyll a and other pigments, many are reddish to purple from the combination. The red phycoerytherin", - "57295a116aef051400154d47": " Rhodoplasts synthesize a form of starch called floride", - "57295a116aef051400154d48": " Rhodoplasts synthesize a form of starch called floridean, which collects into granules", - "57295b5b1d04691400779315": " peptidoglycan wall", - "57295b5b1d04691400779316": " accessory pigments", - "57295b5b1d04691400779317": " the peptidoglycan wall", - "57295b5b1d04691400779318": " chloroplast division instead", - "57295b5b1d04691400779319": " the peptidoglycan wall", - "572961f61d04691400779359": " three or four membranes", - "572961f61d0469140077935a": " three or four membranes\u2014the two cyanobacterial membranes, sometimes the eaten alga's cell membrane", - "572961f61d0469140077935b": " nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a chloroplast", - "572961f61d0469140077935c": " three or four membranes", - "572961f61d0469140077935d": " chloroplast", - "572962953f37b319004782f5": " three", - "572962953f37b319004782f6": " chloroplasts", - "572962953f37b319004782f7": " Starch", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": " alga", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": " a glaucophyte", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": " chloroplasts that retain a peptidoglycan wall between their double membranes", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": " a carboxysome", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": " icosahedral", + "57295a116aef051400154d44": " chlorophyll", + "57295a116aef051400154d45": " phycobilisomes", + "57295a116aef051400154d46": " chlorophyll a and phycobilins for photosynthetic pigments; the phycobilin phycoerytherin", + "57295a116aef051400154d47": " catch more sunlight", + "57295a116aef051400154d48": " collects into granules", + "57295b5b1d04691400779315": " lost their phycobilisomes", + "57295b5b1d04691400779316": " due to accessory pigments that override the chlorophylls' green colors", + "57295b5b1d04691400779317": " peptidoglycan wall", + "57295b5b1d04691400779318": " chloroplast division", + "57295b5b1d04691400779319": " chlorophyll", + "572961f61d04691400779359": " double membrane", + "572961f61d0469140077935a": " additional membranes outside of the original two, as a result of the secondary endosymbiotic event", + "572961f61d0469140077935b": " a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a chloroplast-containing alga but failed to digest it", + "572961f61d0469140077935c": " double membrane from their cyanobacterial ancestor, secondary chloroplasts have additional membranes outside of the original two", + "572961f61d0469140077935d": " chloroplast, and sometimes its cell membrane and nucleus", + "572962953f37b319004782f5": " three membranes", + "572962953f37b319004782f6": " common flagellated", + "572962953f37b319004782f7": " stacked in groups of three", "572962953f37b319004782f8": " membrane-bound granules", - "572962953f37b319004782f9": " cyanobacterial membranes", - "572963221d04691400779385": " chloroplasts is a pyrenoid", - "572963221d04691400779386": " four", - "572963221d04691400779387": " four", - "572963221d04691400779388": " nucleomorph that superficially resembles that of the chlorarachniophytes. Cryptophyte chloroplasts have four membranes, the outer", - "572963221d04691400779389": " two", - "572963876aef051400154dd2": " Plasmodium", - "572963876aef051400154dd3": " Plasmodium", - "572963876aef051400154dd4": " Apicomplexans store their energy in amylopectin starch granules", - "572963876aef051400154dd5": " Plasmodium", + "572962953f37b319004782f9": " the membrane of the primary endosymbiont", + "572963221d04691400779385": " cryptomonads", + "572963221d04691400779386": " nucleomorph that superficially resembles that of the chlorarachniophytes. Cryptophyte chloroplasts have four membranes", + "572963221d04691400779387": " nucleomorph", + "572963221d04691400779388": " granules found in the periplastid space", + "572963221d04691400779389": " stacks", + "572963876aef051400154dd2": " the helicosproidia", + "572963876aef051400154dd3": " chromalveolates", + "572963876aef051400154dd4": " the malaria parasite", + "572963876aef051400154dd5": " nonphotosynthetic chloroplast", "572963876aef051400154dd6": " amylopectin starch granules", "5729645b3f37b31900478321": " fatty acids", - "5729645b3f37b31900478322": " The most important apicoplast function is isopentenyl pyrophosphate", - "5729645b3f37b31900478323": " isopentenyl pyrophosphate", - "5729645b3f37b31900478324": " isopentenyl pyrophosphate", + "5729645b3f37b31900478322": " cure apicomplexan-related", + "5729645b3f37b31900478323": " isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", + "5729645b3f37b31900478324": " photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478325": " four", - "572965566aef051400154e00": " three", - "572965566aef051400154e01": " chloroplast is bounded by three membranes", - "572965566aef051400154e02": " three", - "572965566aef051400154e03": " red algal endosymbiont's original cell membrane. The outermost membrane is not connected to the endoplasmic reticulum", - "572965e73f37b3190047832b": " Karenia", - "572965e73f37b3190047832c": " Karlodinium", + "572965566aef051400154e00": " carotenoid pigment peridinin", + "572965566aef051400154e01": " any other group of chloroplasts", + "572965566aef051400154e02": " chloroplasts, along with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c", + "572965566aef051400154e03": " red algal endosymbiont's original cell membrane", + "572965e73f37b3190047832b": " fucoxanthin dinophyte line", + "572965e73f37b3190047832c": " fucoxanthin dinophyte line", "572965e73f37b3190047832d": " four", - "572965e73f37b3190047832e": " six membraned chloroplast", - "572966626aef051400154e13": " nucle", - "572966626aef051400154e14": " nucleomorph to maintain themselves, and Dinophysis species grown in cell culture", - "572966626aef051400154e12": " kleptoplast", - "572966626aef051400154e15": " nucleomorph to maintain themselves, and Dinophysis species grown in cell culture", - "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": " dinoflagellates", - "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": " The diatom endosymbiont has been reduced relatively little\u2014it still retains its original mitochondria", - "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": " three", - "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": " chloroplasts are bounded by up to five membranes, (depending on whether you count the entire diatom", - "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": " granules", + "572965e73f37b3190047832e": " a six membraned chloroplast", + "572966626aef051400154e13": " a cryptophyte", + "572966626aef051400154e14": " nucleomorph and outermost two membranes", + "572966626aef051400154e12": " phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from a cryptophyte", + "572966626aef051400154e15": " a two-membraned chloroplast", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "heterokontophyte", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": " diatom (heterokontophyte", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": " five", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": " the entire diatom endosymbiont", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": " granules in the dinophyte host's cytoplasm", "572967e31d046914007793b1": " the dinophyte nucleus", - "572967e31d046914007793b2": " chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage", - "572967e31d046914007793b3": " chloroplast", - "572967e31d046914007793b4": " chloroplast", - "572967e31d046914007793b5": " chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage", - "5729686d1d046914007793c1": " Chromatophores have transferred much less of their DNA to the nucleus of their host. About 0.3\u20130.8%", - "5729686d1d046914007793c2": " Chromatophores have transferred much less of their DNA to the nucleus of their host. About 0.3\u20130.8%", - "5729686d1d046914007793c3": " 0.3\u20130.8%", - "5729686d1d046914007793c4": " 0.3\u20130.8%", - "5729686d1d046914007793c5": " 0.3\u20130.8%", + "572967e31d046914007793b2": " Lepidodinium", + "572967e31d046914007793b3": " peridinin chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b4": " green algal derived chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b5": "Lepidodinium viride and its close relatives are dinophytes", + "5729686d1d046914007793c1": " that first set of endosymbiotic events", + "5729686d1d046914007793c2": " an exception that acquired a photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbiont", + "5729686d1d046914007793c3": " a million", + "5729686d1d046914007793c4": " 850", + "5729686d1d046914007793c5": " about a million", "572968cf1d046914007793cb": " ctDNA", - "572968cf1d046914007793cc": " land plants and green algae\u2014glaucophytes", + "572968cf1d046914007793cc": " plastome", "572968cf1d046914007793cd": " 1962", "572968cf1d046914007793ce": " 1986", - "572968cf1d046914007793cf": " 1986", - "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": " inverted repeats help stabilize the rest of the chloroplast genome", - "57296977af94a219006aa3be": " the rest of the chloroplast genome", + "572968cf1d046914007793cf": " Japanese research teams", + "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": " inverted repeat regions", + "57296977af94a219006aa3be": " direct repeats", "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": " stabilize the rest of the chloroplast genome", - "572969f51d046914007793dd": " via electron microscopy", + "572969f51d046914007793dd": " electron microscopy", "572969f51d046914007793de": " two", - "572969f51d046914007793e0": " Cairns replication intermediate, and completes replication with a rolling circle", - "572969f51d046914007793df": " Cairns replication intermediate, and completes replication with a rolling circle mechanism", - "572969f51d046914007793e1": " Cairns replication intermediate, and completes replication with a rolling circle", - "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": " A \u2192 G deamination gradients", + "572969f51d046914007793e0": " double displacement loop", + "572969f51d046914007793df": " double displacement loop", + "572969f51d046914007793e1": " rolling circle mechanism", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": " A \u2192 G deamination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": " single stranded", - "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": " A \u2192 G deamination gradients", - "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": " A \u2192 G deamination gradients", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": " linear and replicates through homologous recombination", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": " through homologous recombination", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": " circular chromosomes", - "57296ab93f37b31900478369": " D loop mechanism", - "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": " D loop mechanism", - "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": " D loop mechanism", - "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": " D loop mechanism", - "57296b151d046914007793f1": " red chloroplast", - "57296b151d046914007793f2": " chloroplast", + "57296ab93f37b31900478369": " bacteriophage T4", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": " linear cpDNA", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": " linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication structures", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": " via a D loop mechanism", + "57296b151d046914007793f1": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", + "57296b151d046914007793f2": " the lost chloroplast's existence", "57296b151d046914007793f3": "a heterokontophyte", - "57296b151d046914007793f4": "a heterokontophyte", - "57296bf96aef051400154e52": " the secretory pathway", - "57296bf96aef051400154e53": " along the secretory pathway", - "57296bf96aef051400154e54": " along the secretory pathway", - "57296bf96aef051400154e55": " the cell membrane", - "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": " ribosome", - "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": " ribosome", - "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": " polypeptide, keeping it from folding prematurely", - "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": " chloroplast proteins from assuming their active form and carrying out their chloroplast functions", - "57296cb21d04691400779403": " chloroplasts are generally lens-shaped", - "57296cb21d04691400779404": " 5\u20138 \u03bcm", - "57296cb21d04691400779405": " 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", - "57296cb21d04691400779406": " chloroplasts are generally lens-shaped", - "57296cb21d04691400779407": " chloroplasts are generally lens-shaped", - "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": " outer chloroplast membrane", - "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": " vesicle", - "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": " chloroplast membranes are homologous", - "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": " internal thylakoid system", - "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": " run proton pumps", - "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": " chloroplast structure that can considered analogous to it is the internal thylakoid system", - "57296d8d1d04691400779420": " internal thylakoid system", + "57296b151d046914007793f4": " red algal", + "57296bf96aef051400154e52": " nonfunctional", + "57296bf96aef051400154e53": " around half", + "57296bf96aef051400154e54": " participating in cell division, protein routing, and even disease resistance", + "57296bf96aef051400154e55": " cell membrane", + "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": " a ribosome", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": " on a ribosome in the cytosol", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": " helps many proteins bind the polypeptide, keeping it from folding prematurely", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": " it prevents chloroplast proteins from assuming their active form and carrying out their chloroplast functions in the wrong place", + "57296cb21d04691400779403": " lens-shaped, 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", + "57296cb21d04691400779404": " 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", + "57296cb21d04691400779405": " 1\u20133 \u03bcm", + "57296cb21d04691400779406": " lens-shaped, 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", + "57296cb21d04691400779407": " 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": " a double membrane", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": " the product of the host's cell membrane infolding to form a vesicle", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": " homologous", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": " mitochondrial double membrane", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": " run proton pumps and carry out oxidative phosphorylation across to generate ATP energy", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": " generate ATP energy", + "57296d8d1d04691400779420": " thylakoid system", "57296d8d1d04691400779421": " internal thylakoid system", - "57296de03f37b3190047839b": " chromoplasts and amyloplasts in petals", - "57296de03f37b3190047839c": " 1962, some plant biologists dismissed the structures as artifactual, claiming that stromules were just oddly shaped chloroplasts with constricted regions", - "57296de03f37b3190047839d": " 1962, some plant biologists dismissed the structures as artifactual, claiming that stromules were just oddly shaped chloroplasts", + "57296de03f37b3190047839b": " Stromules", + "57296de03f37b3190047839c": " chloroplast membranes", + "57296de03f37b3190047839d": " to increase the chloroplast's surface area", "57296de03f37b3190047839e": " 1962", - "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": " a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles", - "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": " a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles", - "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": " vesicles", - "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": " a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles", - "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": " transport vesicles to shuttle stuff between the thylakoids", - "57296eb01d04691400779435": " two-thirds the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": " the chloroplasts of C4 plants", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": " C4 plants", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": " The chloroplast peripheral reticulum", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": " increase the chloroplast's surface area for cross-membrane transport between its stroma and the cell cytoplasm", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": " the thylakoids and intermembrane space", + "57296eb01d04691400779435": " to synthesize a small fraction of their proteins", "57296eb01d04691400779436": " two-thirds", - "57296eb01d04691400779437": " two-thirds", - "57296eb01d04691400779438": " motifs for shine-dalgarno sequence recognition", - "57296eb01d04691400779439": " translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes", - "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": " spherical bubbles of lipids", - "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": " spherical", - "57296eee6aef051400154e90": " spherical bubbles of lipids", - "57296eee6aef051400154e91": " spherical", - "57296eee6aef051400154e92": " plastoglobule(s)), are spherical bubbles of lipids", - "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": " singularly, attached directly to their parent thylakoid", - "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": " singularly, attached directly to their parent thylakoid", + "57296eb01d04691400779437": " 17 nm", + "57296eb01d04691400779438": " motifs for shine-dalgarno sequence", + "57296eb01d04691400779439": " for translation initiation", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "singular plastoglobulus", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": " spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins about 45\u201360 nanometers across", + "57296eee6aef051400154e90": " lipids and proteins", + "57296eee6aef051400154e91": " 45\u201360 nanometers across", + "57296eee6aef051400154e92": " a lipid monolayer", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": " a thylakoid", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": " the thylakoid network", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": " singularly, attached directly to their parent thylakoid", - "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": " singularly, attached directly to their parent thylakoid", - "57296f85af94a219006aa403": " spherical", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": " chains", + "57296f85af94a219006aa403": " higher plants", "57296f85af94a219006aa404": " spherical", "57296f85af94a219006aa405": " spherical", - "57296f85af94a219006aa406": " spherical", - "57296f85af94a219006aa407": " spherical", - "57296fd71d0469140077943f": " 10", - "57296fd71d04691400779440": " 10", - "57296fd71d04691400779441": " 10", - "57296fd71d04691400779442": " 10", - "57296fd71d04691400779443": " Wrapped around the grana are helicoid stromal thylakoids, also known as frets or lamellar", - "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": " light energy and use it to energize electrons", - "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": " light energy and use it to energize electrons", - "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": " electrons", - "5729703d3f37b319004783be": " hydrogen ions", - "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": " protein complex", - "572970916aef051400154eba": "granal", - "572970916aef051400154ebb": " circular", - "572970916aef051400154ebc": " Granal thylakoids are pancake-shaped circular", - "572970916aef051400154ebe": " circular", - "572970916aef051400154ebd": " circular", + "57296f85af94a219006aa406": " a matrix opaque to electrons", + "57296f85af94a219006aa407": " divide to form new pyrenoids, or be produced \"de novo\".", + "57296fd71d0469140077943f": " helical thylakoid", + "57296fd71d04691400779440": " pancakes", + "57296fd71d04691400779441": " two to a hundred", + "57296fd71d04691400779442": " two to a hundred", + "57296fd71d04691400779443": " helicoid stromal thylakoids", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": " light energy", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": " light energy", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": " energize electrons", + "5729703d3f37b319004783be": " pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": " dam turbine", + "572970916aef051400154eba": " two", + "572970916aef051400154ebb": " pancake-shaped circular disks about 300\u2013600 nanometers in diameter", + "572970916aef051400154ebc": " contact with the stroma", + "572970916aef051400154ebe": " circular disks about 300\u2013600 nanometers in diameter", + "572970916aef051400154ebd": " 300\u2013600 nanometers", "57297103af94a219006aa423": " thirty", - "57297103af94a219006aa424": " \u03b2-carotene", - "57297103af94a219006aa425": " \u03b2-carotene", - "57297103af94a219006aa426": "orange", + "57297103af94a219006aa424": " help transfer and dissipate excess energy", + "57297103af94a219006aa425": " help transfer and dissipate excess energy", + "57297103af94a219006aa426": " bright red-orange", "57297103af94a219006aa427": " orange-red zeaxanthin", - "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": " protein complexes", - "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": " phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes many red algae red. Phycobilins", - "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": " one of the pigments that makes many red algae red. Phycobilins often organize into relatively large protein complexes", - "5729714daf94a219006aa430": " photosystem I and ATP synthase, phycobilisomes jut into the stroma", - "5729714daf94a219006aa431": " protein complexes", - "572971af6aef051400154ede": " photosynthesis", - "572971af6aef051400154edf": " carbon dioxide and oxygen", - "572971af6aef051400154ee0": " carbon dioxide and oxygen", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": " a third group of pigments", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": " red algae red", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": " red algae", + "5729714daf94a219006aa430": " a third group of pigments", + "5729714daf94a219006aa431": " 40 nanometers across", + "572971af6aef051400154ede": " rubisco", + "572971af6aef051400154edf": "it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen", + "572971af6aef051400154ee0": " ATP energy being wasted", "572971af6aef051400154ee1": " Calvin cycle", - "572971af6aef051400154ee2": " carbon dioxide and oxygen", - "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": " Calvin cycle and make sugar, they often contain large starch grains", - "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": " starch grains", - "5729723c6aef051400154eea": " Calvin cycle and make sugar, they often contain large starch grains", - "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": " starch grains", - "5729723c6aef051400154eec": " starch grains", - "5729729a1d0469140077948b": " parenchyma cells", - "5729729a1d0469140077948c": " parenchyma cells", + "572971af6aef051400154ee2": " CO2", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": " photosynthesis", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": " rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", + "5729723c6aef051400154eea": " light reactions", + "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": " CO2", + "5729723c6aef051400154eec": " photosynthesis", + "5729729a1d0469140077948b": " green parts", + "5729729a1d0469140077948c": " chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948d": " parenchyma cells", - "5729729a1d0469140077948e": " parenchyma cells", - "5729729a1d0469140077948f": " 10 to 100 chloroplasts", - "572972f46aef051400154ef2": " mesophyll layers", - "572972f46aef051400154ef3": " mesophyll layers", + "5729729a1d0469140077948e": " collenchyma tissue", + "5729729a1d0469140077948f": " parenchyma cells", + "572972f46aef051400154ef2": " stems", + "572972f46aef051400154ef3": " leaves", "572972f46aef051400154ef6": " 8\u201315", - "572972f46aef051400154ef4": " square millimeter", + "572972f46aef051400154ef4": " half a million", "572972f46aef051400154ef5": " mesophyll layers", - "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": " sheet\u2014maximizing the surface area", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": " low-light conditions", "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": " along the plant cell's cell wall", "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": " photooxidative damage", - "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": " small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones", - "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": " intense light, they will seek shelter by aligning in vertical columns along the plant cell's cell wall", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": " instead of a few big ones", + "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": " land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones. Chloroplast movement", "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": " two", - "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": "the hypersensitive response", - "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": "the hypersensitive response", - "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": " photosynthetic system", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": " infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": " release signals warning the rest of the plant of a pathogen's presence", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": " purposely damaging their photosynthetic system", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": " reactive oxygen species", - "57297427af94a219006aa453": " chloroplast that regulate gene expression", - "57297427af94a219006aa454": " salicylic acid", - "57297427af94a219006aa455": " chloroplast, but instead pass on their signal to an unknown second messenger", - "57297427af94a219006aa456": " chloroplast that regulate gene expression", + "57297427af94a219006aa453": " salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", + "57297427af94a219006aa454": " After detecting stress in a cell", + "57297427af94a219006aa455": " pass on their signal to an unknown second messenger molecule", + "57297427af94a219006aa456": "signals from the chloroplast that regulate gene expression in the nucleus", "572974923f37b3190047840b": " photosynthesis", - "572974923f37b3190047840c": " Photosynthesis is divided into two stages\u2014the light reactions, where water is split to produce oxygen, and the dark reactions, or Calvin cycle", - "572974923f37b3190047840d": " Photosynthesis is divided into two stages\u2014the light reactions, where water is split to produce oxygen, and the dark reactions, or Calvin cycle", - "572974923f37b3190047840e": "the light reactions, where water is split to produce oxygen", - "572974923f37b3190047840f": "the light reactions, where water is split to produce oxygen", - "572975073f37b31900478415": " ATP synthase", - "572975073f37b31900478416": " ATP synthase", - "572975073f37b31900478417": " thousand times as many) inside the thylakoid system than in the stroma", - "572975073f37b31900478418": " the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions", - "572975073f37b31900478419": " chloroplast ATP synthase", - "572975511d046914007794a7": " cyclic photophosphorylation", - "572975511d046914007794a8": " Cyclic photophosphorylation", - "572975511d046914007794a9": " C4 plants, which need more ATP", - "572975511d046914007794aa": " Cyclic photophosphorylation is common in C4 plants, which need more ATP", - "572975a3af94a219006aa465": " Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate", - "572975a3af94a219006aa466": " 3-phosphoglyceric acid", + "572974923f37b3190047840c": "One of the main functions of the chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis", + "572974923f37b3190047840d": " food in the form of sugars", + "572974923f37b3190047840e": " energy carriers adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate", + "572974923f37b3190047840f": " adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate", + "572975073f37b31900478415": " use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP energy", + "572975073f37b31900478416": " thylakoid space", + "572975073f37b31900478417": "up to a thousand times", + "572975073f37b31900478418": " adenosine triphosphate", + "572975073f37b31900478419": " synthesized there, in position to be used in the dark reactions", + "572975511d046914007794a7": " NADP+,", + "572975511d046914007794a8": " cyclic photophosphorylation", + "572975511d046914007794a9": " C4 plants", + "572975511d046914007794aa": " more ATP", + "572975a3af94a219006aa465": " Calvin cycle", + "572975a3af94a219006aa466": " unstable six-carbon molecules", "572975a3af94a219006aa467": " 3-phosphoglyceric acid", - "572975a3af94a219006aa468": " RuBP using energy from more ATP, but one out of every six", - "572976183f37b31900478431": " low photosynthesis rates", - "572976183f37b31900478432": " low photosynthesis rates", - "572976183f37b31900478433": " low photosynthesis rates", - "572976183f37b31900478434": " low photosynthesis rates", + "572975a3af94a219006aa468": " one out of every six", + "572976183f37b31900478431": " glucose monomers", + "572976183f37b31900478432": " Under conditions such as high atmospheric CO2 concentrations", + "572976183f37b31900478433": " distorting the grana and thylakoids", + "572976183f37b31900478434": " high atmospheric CO2 concentrations", "572976183f37b31900478435": " photosynthesis-depressing factor", - "572976791d046914007794af": " carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms, or CCMs. These include Crassulacean acid metabolism", + "572976791d046914007794af": " add O2 instead of CO2", "572976791d046914007794b0": " when the oxygen concentration is too high", - "572976791d046914007794b1": " photosynthesis", - "572976791d046914007794b2": " half the carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle", - "572976791d046914007794b3": " chloroplast dimorphism", - "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": " sulfur-containing ones like cysteine", - "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": " sulfur-containing ones like cysteine", - "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": " chloroplast", - "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": " Cysteine", - "57297725af94a219006aa49b": " Chloroplasts do not normally develop from proplastids in root tip meristems", + "572976791d046914007794b1": " reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis", + "572976791d046914007794b2": " half", + "572976791d046914007794b3": " they exhibit a distinct chloroplast dimorphism", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": " stroma", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": " cysteine and methionine", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": " trouble crossing membranes", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": " whether the organelle carries out the last leg of the pathway", + "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "Chloroplasts", "57297725af94a219006aa49c": " undifferentiated proplastids", - "57297725af94a219006aa49d": " Chloroplasts do not normally develop from proplastids in root tip meristems", + "57297725af94a219006aa49d": " an adult plant's apical meristems", "57297725af94a219006aa49e": " starch-storing amyloplasts", - "5729779b6aef051400154f62": " chloroplast, takes several hours", - "5729779b6aef051400154f63": " chloroplast, takes several hours", - "5729779b6aef051400154f64": " chlorophyll, they have a yellow chlorophyll", - "5729779b6aef051400154f65": " chlorophyll, they have a yellow chlorophyll", - "5729779b6aef051400154f66": " Gymnosperms", + "5729779b6aef051400154f62": " proplastids may develop into an etioplast stage", + "5729779b6aef051400154f63": " a plastid", + "5729779b6aef051400154f64": " yellow chlorophyll", + "5729779b6aef051400154f65": " yellow chlorophyll", + "5729779b6aef051400154f66": " angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation, proplastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": " chromoplasts, which are pigment-filled plastids", - "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": " chloroplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": " pigment-filled plastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": " chloroplasts", - "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": " chloroplasts", - "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": " Chromoplasts and amyloplasts can also become chloroplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": " chromoplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": " chloroplasts", "5729784b1d046914007794c9": " filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794ca": " filaments", - "5729784b1d046914007794cb": " Z-ring within the chloroplast's stroma", + "5729784b1d046914007794cb": " a Z-ring within the chloroplast's stroma", "5729784b1d046914007794cc": " chloroplast's stroma", "5729784b1d046914007794cd": " chloroplast's stroma", - "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": " inner", - "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": " inner", - "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": " 5 nanometers", - "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": " 5 nanometers", - "5729789b6aef051400154f70": " PD rings", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": " plastid-dividing rings", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": " two", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": " 5 nanometers across", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": " 5 nanometers across", + "5729789b6aef051400154f70": " chloroplasts have a third plastid-dividing ring located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space", "572978e66aef051400154f76": " exposure to bright white light", - "572978e66aef051400154f78": " exposure to bright white light", - "572978e66aef051400154f79": " under green light have been observed to contain many large dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts", - "572978e66aef051400154f77": " exposure to bright white light", - "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": " chloroplasts have caught attention by developers of genetically modified crops. Since, in most flowering plants, chloroplasts are not inherited from the male parent", + "572978e66aef051400154f78": " bright white light", + "572978e66aef051400154f79": " dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts", + "572978e66aef051400154f77": " green", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": " developers of genetically modified crops", "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": " environmental risks", - "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": " 3 in 1,000", - "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": " chloroplasts are not inherited from the male parent", - "57296d571d04691400779413": " a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors", - "57296d571d04691400779414": " a product", - "57296d571d04691400779415": " 5", - "57296d571d04691400779416": " product", - "57296d571d04691400779417": " 1 as a prime because one can include arbitrarily many instances", - "57296f293f37b319004783a3": " 22,338,618 decimal digits", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": " 3 in 1,000,000", + "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": " plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", + "57296d571d04691400779413": " no positive divisors", + "57296d571d04691400779414": " composite number", + "57296d571d04691400779415": " arithmetic", + "57296d571d04691400779416": " primes", + "57296d571d04691400779417": " because one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization", + "57296f293f37b319004783a3": " primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": " trial division", - "57296f293f37b319004783a5": " trial division", - "57296f293f37b319004783a6": " 22,338,618 decimal digits", + "57296f293f37b319004783a5": " Miller\u2013Rabin primality test, which is fast but has a small probability of error, and the AKS primality test", + "57296f293f37b319004783a6": " Miller\u2013Rabin primality test, which is fast but has a small probability of error, and the AKS primality test", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": " 22,338,618", - "572970c11d04691400779463": " Euclid around 300 BC", - "572970c11d04691400779464": " Euclid around 300 BC", - "572970c11d04691400779465": " Euclid around 300 BC. There is no known simple formula", - "572970c11d04691400779466": " the probability that a given, randomly chosen number n is prime is inversely proportional to its number of digits", - "572970c11d04691400779467": " at the end of the 19th century", - "5729727baf94a219006aa437": " Goldbach's conjecture (that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes), and the twin prime conjecture", - "5729727baf94a219006aa438": " whose difference", - "5729727baf94a219006aa439": " analytic or algebraic aspects", + "572970c11d04691400779463": " infinitely", + "572970c11d04691400779464": " The first result in that direction is the prime number theorem", + "572970c11d04691400779465": " statistical behaviour", + "572970c11d04691400779466": " The first result in that direction is the prime number theorem", + "572970c11d04691400779467": " 19th century", + "5729727baf94a219006aa437": " Goldbach's conjecture", + "5729727baf94a219006aa438": " Goldbach's conjecture (that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes), and the twin prime conjecture", + "5729727baf94a219006aa439": " algebraic", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": " public-key cryptography", - "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": " algebra, such as prime elements and prime ideals", - "572973f76aef051400154f0a": " 5", - "572973f76aef051400154f0b": " 1", - "572973f76aef051400154f0c": " 5", - "572973f76aef051400154f0d": " 1, 3, 7, or 9", - "572973f76aef051400154f0e": " 6 is not prime. The image at the right illustrates that 12 is not prime: 12 = 3 \u00b7 4", - "57297547af94a219006aa45b": " Henri Lebesgue", - "57297547af94a219006aa45c": " Henri Lebesgue", - "57297547af94a219006aa45d": " Henri Lebesgue", - "57297547af94a219006aa45e": " Henri Lebesgue", - "57297547af94a219006aa45f": " Henri Lebesgue", - "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": " Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", - "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": " 1", - "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": " the relationship of the number to its corresponding value of Euler's totient function", - "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": " the relationship of the number to its corresponding value of Euler's totient function", - "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": " 1 were considered a prime: a modified version of the sieve that considers 1 as prime would eliminate all multiples", - "572978f91d046914007794d3": " Euclid's Elements", - "572978f91d046914007794d4": " Euclid's Elements", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": " prime elements and prime ideals", + "572973f76aef051400154f0a": " 2", + "572973f76aef051400154f0b": " 1, 2, and n", + "572973f76aef051400154f0c": " odd prime", + "572973f76aef051400154f0d": " 9", + "572973f76aef051400154f0e": " even numbers", + "57297547af94a219006aa45b": " 1", + "57297547af94a219006aa45c": " Christian Goldbach", + "57297547af94a219006aa45d": " Christian Goldbach", + "57297547af94a219006aa45e": " 10,006,721", + "57297547af94a219006aa45f": " a prime", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": " Euclid's fundamental theorem", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": " 1 were considered a prime", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": " relationship of the number to its corresponding value of Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors function", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": " relationship of the number to its corresponding value of Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors function", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": " eliminate all multiples of 1", + "572978f91d046914007794d3": " the Egyptian fraction expansions in the Rhind papyrus", + "572978f91d046914007794d4": " Ancient Greeks", "572978f91d046914007794d5": " Euclid's Elements", - "572978f91d046914007794d6": " Sieve of Eratosthenes", + "572978f91d046914007794d6": " Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d7": " a simple method to compute primes", - "57297a276aef051400154f88": " 232", - "57297a276aef051400154f89": " Pierre de Fermat stated (without proof) Fermat's little theorem (later proved by Leibniz and Euler).", - "57297a276aef051400154f8a": " 22", - "57297a276aef051400154f8c": " 2p \u2212 1, with p a prime. They are called Mersenne primes", - "57297a276aef051400154f8b": " French monk Marin Mersenne", - "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": " three", - "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": " three", - "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": " three", + "57297a276aef051400154f88": " 1640", + "57297a276aef051400154f89": " Euler", + "57297a276aef051400154f8a": " 22n", + "57297a276aef051400154f8c": " 2p", + "57297a276aef051400154f8b": " up to n = 4 (or 216 + 1).", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": " trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": " if a complete list of primes up to is known", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": " 1 and less than or equal to the square root of n", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": " three", - "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": " three", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": " square root of n", "57297d421d046914007794e5": " two", - "57297d421d046914007794e6": "Monte Carlo\") and deterministic", - "57297d421d046914007794e7": "Monte Carlo\") and deterministic", - "57297d421d046914007794e8": "Monte Carlo", - "57297d421d046914007794e9": " 1/(1-p)", - "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": " p", - "57297ed93f37b31900478460": " the fact (Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p", + "57297d421d046914007794e6": " probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", + "57297d421d046914007794e7": " probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", + "57297d421d046914007794e8": " deterministic", + "57297d421d046914007794e9": " 1/(1-p)n, which decreases exponentially", + "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": " Fermat primality test", + "57297ed93f37b31900478460": " fact (Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": " composite numbers", - "57297ed93f37b31900478462": " p", + "57297ed93f37b31900478462": " Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": " Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen", - "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": " 2p", - "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": " p is an arbitrary prime. The Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", - "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": " p is an arbitrary prime. The Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", - "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": " Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", - "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": " p + 1 or p \u2212 1 is of a particular shape include the Sophie Germain", - "572982e66aef051400154f92": " distributed computing. In 2009, the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project was awarded a US$100,000", - "572982e66aef051400154f93": " US$100,000", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": " 2p + 1", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": " 2p \u2212 1", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": " Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": " Sophie Germain primes", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": " Sophie Germain primes", + "572982e66aef051400154f92": " distributed computing. In 2009, the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search", + "572982e66aef051400154f93": " 2009", "572982e66aef051400154f94": " US$100,000", - "572982e66aef051400154f95": " US$100,000", - "572982e76aef051400154f96": "256", - "572985011d04691400779501": " p with n < p < 2n", - "572985011d04691400779502": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n", - "572985011d04691400779503": " p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2, for any natural number n > 3", - "572985011d04691400779504": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n", - "572985011d04691400779505": " Wilson's theorem and generates the number 2 many times", - "572987e46aef051400154fa2": " a and q are coprime, i.e., their greatest common divisor", - "572987e46aef051400154fa3": " q = 9", + "572982e66aef051400154f95": " Electronic Frontier Foundation", + "572982e76aef051400154f96": "256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1]", + "572985011d04691400779501": "are prime for any natural number n. Here represents the floor function", + "572985011d04691400779502": " Chebyshev", + "572985011d04691400779503": " 3", + "572985011d04691400779504": " there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n", + "572985011d04691400779505": " Wilson's theorem", + "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "can have infinitely many primes only when a and q are coprime, i.e., their greatest common divisor", + "572987e46aef051400154fa3": " their greatest common divisor is one. If this necessary condition is satisfied, Dirichlet's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": " 1/6", - "572987e46aef051400154fa5": " \"wrapped around\" as soon as a multiple of 9", - "572987e46aef051400154fa6": " q = 9", - "572989846aef051400154fc0": " \u03b6(1) would have a finite value", + "572987e46aef051400154fa5": " one prime number", + "572987e46aef051400154fa6": " one", + "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc1": " finite value", - "572989846aef051400154fc2": " 1 + 1/2", - "572989846aef051400154fc3": " 1 + 1/2", - "572989846aef051400154fc4": " \u03b6(1) would have a finite value", - "57298ef11d0469140077952d": " the irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from random noise", - "57298ef11d0469140077952e": " 1", + "572989846aef051400154fc2": " richness of the zeta function", + "572989846aef051400154fc3": " exceeds any given number", + "572989846aef051400154fc4": " richness of the zeta function", + "57298ef11d0469140077952d": " 1859", + "57298ef11d0469140077952e": " s = \u22122, \u22124, ...", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": " random noise", - "57298ef11d04691400779530": " irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from random noise", - "57298ef11d04691400779531": " irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from random noise", - "57299021af94a219006aa50c": " two primes.", - "57299021af94a219006aa50b": " Goldbach", - "57299021af94a219006aa50d": " February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017", - "57299021af94a219006aa50e": " three", - "57299021af94a219006aa50f": " three", - "572991943f37b319004784a1": " pairs", - "572991943f37b319004784a2": " with difference", - "572991943f37b319004784a3": " twin primes", - "572991943f37b319004784a4": " pairs", - "572991943f37b319004784a5": " four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2", - "57299326af94a219006aa515": " use of prime numbered gear teeth", - "57299326af94a219006aa516": " military significance", - "57299326af94a219006aa517": " Prime numbers are also used for hash tables", - "57299326af94a219006aa518": " hash tables", - "57299326af94a219006aa519": " use of prime numbered gear teeth", - "572995d46aef051400154fe8": " 2 and 5", - "572995d46aef051400154fe9": " a recurring decimal", - "572995d46aef051400154fea": "p \u2212 1)!", - "572995d46aef051400154feb": "p \u2212 1)!", - "572995d46aef051400154fec": " 10", - "572996c73f37b319004784b3": " RSA", - "572996c73f37b319004784b4": " RSA", - "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "Several", - "572996c73f37b319004784b6": " the fact that there are efficient algorithms for modular exponentiation", - "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "Several", - "572998673f37b319004784d5": " 2%", - "572998673f37b319004784d6": "ubs", - "572998673f37b319004784d7": " 2%", - "572998673f37b319004784d8": " 2%", + "57298ef11d04691400779530": " irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from random noise. From a mathematical viewpoint, it roughly states that the asymptotic", + "57298ef11d04691400779531": " irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from random noise. From a mathematical viewpoint, it roughly states that the asymptotic", + "57299021af94a219006aa50c": " Goldbach's conjecture", + "57299021af94a219006aa50b": " 1912", + "57299021af94a219006aa50d": " all numbers up to n = 2", + "57299021af94a219006aa50e": " Goldbach's conjecture", + "57299021af94a219006aa50f": " Goldbach's conjecture", + "572991943f37b319004784a1": " Legendre's conjecture", + "572991943f37b319004784a2": " pairs of primes with difference 2", + "572991943f37b319004784a3": " Polignac's conjecture", + "572991943f37b319004784a4": " n2 + 1", + "572991943f37b319004784a5": " H. Brocard's conjecture", + "57299326af94a219006aa515": " number theory", + "57299326af94a219006aa516": " G. H. Hardy", + "57299326af94a219006aa517": " 1970s", + "57299326af94a219006aa518": " hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "57299326af94a219006aa519": " hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "572995d46aef051400154fe8": " recurring decimal", + "572995d46aef051400154fe9": " p \u2212 1 or a divisor of p \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154fea": "p \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154feb": "p \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154fec": " p is not a prime factor", + "572996c73f37b319004784b3": " RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572996c73f37b319004784b4": " RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572996c73f37b319004784b5": " 512", + "572996c73f37b319004784b6": " efficient algorithms for modular exponentiation", + "572996c73f37b319004784b7": " 512", + "572998673f37b319004784d5": " cicadas", + "572998673f37b319004784d6": " grubs underground", + "572998673f37b319004784d7": " 17", + "572998673f37b319004784d8": " that the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve", "572998673f37b319004784d9": " 2%", - "57299a6f6aef051400155016": " \"prime\" indicates minimality or indecomposability", - "57299a6f6aef051400155017": " 0 and 1", - "57299a6f6aef051400155019": " a knot that is indecomposable", - "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": " \"prime\" indicates minimality", - "57299a6f6aef051400155018": " a knot that is indecomposable in the sense that it cannot be written as the knot sum of two", - "57299c2c6aef051400155020": " addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements", - "57299c2c6aef051400155021": " p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero", - "57299c2c6aef051400155022": " p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero", - "57299c2c6aef051400155023": " zero nor a unit (i.e., does not have a multiplicative inverse) and satisfies the following requirement: given x and y", - "57299c2c6aef051400155024": " if it is not a unit", - "57299d1c1d04691400779581": " 4k + 3 are Gaussian primes", - "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "1 + i) and (1 \u2212 i). Rational primes", - "57299d1c1d04691400779583": " 4", - "57299d1c1d04691400779584": " Z[i], that is, the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b", - "57299d1c1d04691400779585": " 4", - "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "0", - "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": " a prime ideal, are an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra", - "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "0", - "57299ec43f37b31900478510": " Noetherian commutative ring as an intersection", - "57299ec43f37b31900478511": " intersection", - "5729a03f1d04691400779593": " the ring of integers of quadratic number fields", + "57299a6f6aef051400155016": " minimality or indecomposability", + "57299a6f6aef051400155017": " smallest subfield", + "57299a6f6aef051400155019": " a connected sum of prime knots", + "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": " that any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components", + "57299a6f6aef051400155018": " cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots", + "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "Prime numbers", + "57299c2c6aef051400155021": " R, an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements and irreducible elements", + "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prime numbers", + "57299c2c6aef051400155023": " given x and y", + "57299c2c6aef051400155024": " if it is not a unit and cannot be written as a product of two ring elements", + "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem", + "57299d1c1d04691400779582": " Gaussian integers", + "57299d1c1d04691400779583": " a + bi", + "57299d1c1d04691400779584": " arbitrary integers", + "57299d1c1d04691400779585": " 4k", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": " ring theory", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": " the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": " commutative", + "57299ec43f37b31900478510": " arithmetic", + "57299ec43f37b31900478511": " a Noetherian", + "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": " ramification", - "5729a03f1d04691400779595": " integers of quadratic number fields", - "5729a03f1d04691400779596": " the ring of integers of quadratic number fields", - "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": " p-adic numbers. These are essentially all possible ways to complete Q, by Ostrowski", - "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": " the completed (or local) fields. This local-global", - "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": " p-adic norm", - "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": " primes to number theory", + "5729a03f1d04691400779595": " integers", + "5729a03f1d04691400779596": " solvability of quadratic equations", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": " gets smaller", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": " the completed (or local) fields", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": " absolute value", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": " local-global principle", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": " Olivier Messiaen", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": " La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", - "5729a3716aef05140015506c": " prime numbers to create ametrical music", - "5729a3716aef05140015506d": " \"Neumes rythmiques\".", - "5729a3716aef05140015506e": " the movements of nature, movements of free and unequal durations", - "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": " Cologne", - "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": " Cologne", + "5729a3716aef05140015506c": " ametrical music through \"natural phenomena", + "5729a3716aef05140015506d": " third", + "5729a3716aef05140015506e": " movements of nature", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": " Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": " North Sea", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": " Cologne", - "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": " Cologne", - "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": " Cologne", - "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": " Cologne", - "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": " Cologne", - "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": " Cologne", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": " Danube", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": " 1,230 km (760 mi),", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": " Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": " Netherlands", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": " 1,230 km (760 mi),", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", - "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": " Spanish", - "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": " Roman-era geography (1st century BC) as Greek \u1fec\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Rh\u0113nos), Latin Rhenus", - "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": " Spanish", - "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": " Latin Rhenus", - "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": " Spanish", - "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": " Latin Rhenus.[note 3] The spelling with Rh- in English", - "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "R\u012bnaz,", - "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": " Spanish", - "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "kilometers", - "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": " 1,232 kilometres", - "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Rhine-kilometers", - "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Rheink", - "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "Rheinkilometer", - "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "kilometers", - "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "kilometers", - "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Rheinkilometer", - "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "Rheinkilometer", - "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Rheinkilometer", - "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": " Sargans", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": " R\u0113nos", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": " Gaulish name as *R\u012bnaz", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": " Rhin", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": " Rijn", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": " *R\u012bnaz", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": " Rhijn", + "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": " \"Rhine-kilometers\"", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": " 1939", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": " Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": " Hoek van Holland", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": " canalisation projects", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": " \"Rhine-kilometers", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": " 1939", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": " Hoek van Holland", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": " number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": " Hoek van Holland", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": " north", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": " 86 km long", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": " the Rhine Valley", - "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": " a few metres high", - "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": " Austria", - "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": " Chur.", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": " the Rhine Valley", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": " West and Liechtenstein", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": " Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": " 86 km long", - "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": " 86 km long", - "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": " Sargans", - "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": " Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": " 599 m to 396 m", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": " Rhine Valley", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": " Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein and later Austria to the East", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": " Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": " the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", - "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": " West by the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", - "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "Isel\"", - "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "Isel\" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel (\"Donkey\").", - "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": " The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\") and in the East", - "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": " Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", - "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": " Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", - "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": " small islands by precipitating sediments", - "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "Isel\" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel (\"Donkey\").", - "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": " near Diepolds", - "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": " upper canal", - "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": " upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation", - "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": " parallel", - "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": " Lake Tuggenersee", - "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": " upper canal", - "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": " upper canal", - "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": " upper canal", - "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": " the canalized Rhine into the lake.", - "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": " Lake Tuggenersee", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": " a modern canal", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "Isel", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": " bird", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": " Lake Constance", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": " a modern canal", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": " Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": " small islands", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "Isel", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": " near Diepoldsau", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": " counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": " strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": " parallel to the canalized Rhine", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": " silt up the lake", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": " Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": " to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": " near Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": " Dornbirner", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": " continuous input of sediment", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": " three", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "lower lake", - "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": " Seerhein (\"Lake Rhine\"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria", - "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": " Swiss-Austrian border", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": " Seerhein", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": " the south following the Swiss-Austrian border", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": " three", - "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": " Seerhein (\"Lake Rhine\"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria", - "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": " three bodies of water", - "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": " 47", - "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": " three", - "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": " the greater density of cold water", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": " Austria", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": " Germany, Switzerland and Austria", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": " Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": " Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": " greater density of cold water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": " Lake \u00dcberlingen", - "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": " near the surface", - "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": " Lindau. The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": " Upper Lake", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": " A small fraction", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": " Lindau", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": " near the surface", - "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": " near the surface", - "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": " Lake \u00dcberlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": " Rheinrinne", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": " Lake \u00dcberlingen", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "Rhine Gutter", - "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": " along", - "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": " west", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": " water level", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": " westward", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": " Aare", - "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": " 1,000 m3", - "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": " Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls", - "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": " Basel, leaving Switzerland", - "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": " west", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "35,000 cu ft/s),", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": " Finsteraarhorn", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": " Basel", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": " westward", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": " Aare", - "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": " 1,000 m3", - "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": " The Rhine roughly forms the German-Swiss border from Lake Constance with the exceptions of the canton of Schaffhausen", - "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": " Lake Constance", - "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": " the \"Rhine knee\"; this", - "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": " Upper Rhine Valley", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "35,000 cu ft/s),", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": " Finsteraarhorn", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": " German-Swiss border from Lake Constance with the exceptions of the canton of Schaffhausen", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": " Basel", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": " Legally, the Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": " 300 km long", - "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": " 300 km long and up to 40 km wide", - "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": " \"Rhine knee\"; this", - "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": " Legally, the Central Bridge", - "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": " Upper Rhine Valley", - "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": " Legally, the Central Bridge", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": " 300 km long", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": " Basel", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": " North", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": " the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": " Central Bridge", - "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", - "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", - "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": " Dead branches", - "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": " Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply. On the French side, the Grand Canal", - "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": " Upper Rhine", - "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", - "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", - "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": " Dead branches", - "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": " Dead branches", - "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", - "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": " 2,290 m3/s", - "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": " 2,290 m3/s", - "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": " 2,290 m3/s", - "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": " 2,290 m3/s", - "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": " 400 m", - "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": " 2,290 m3/s", - "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": " Neckar", - "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": " Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3", - "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": " 2,290 m3/s", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": " 19th Century", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": " increased and the ground water level fell significantly", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": " fell significantly", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": " Grand Canal d'Alsace", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": " all of the traffic. In some places, there are large compensation pools", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": " Upper Rhine", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": " 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": " increased and the ground water level fell significantly", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": " fell significantly", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": " the Grand Canal d'Alsace", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": " the Main and, later, the Moselle", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": " 300 m3/s", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": " Rhine", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": " Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": " 400 m (1,300 ft).", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": " Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": " Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": " Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": " Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": " 2,290 m3/s", - "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": " Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": " the Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": " Middle Rhine", - "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": " by erosion", - "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": " The gorge is quite deep", - "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": " Middle Rhine", - "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": " Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", - "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": " a formation which was created by erosion", - "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "the Romantic Rhine\",", - "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": " 70 m3/s (2,500 cu ft/s)", - "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": " Cologne", - "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": " clean river", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": " erosion", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "the Romantic Rhine", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": " the Middle Rhine", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": " the Rhine Gorge", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": " its many castles and vineyards", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "the Romantic Rhine", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": " industry", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": " Duisburg", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": " Ruhr", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": " drinking water", - "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": " Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne", - "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": " Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne", - "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": " Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne", - "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": " Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne", - "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": " Cologne", - "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": " Cologne", - "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": " viniculture and tourism", - "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": " R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Near Sankt Goarshausen", - "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": " Middle Rhine area are viniculture", - "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": " Middle Rhine area are viniculture", - "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": " Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", - "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": " R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", - "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": " R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", - "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": " Lorelei.", - "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": " Middle Rhine area are viniculture", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": " Switzerland", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": " a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": " Lower Rhine", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": " Switzerland", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": " Duisburg", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": " Lower Rhine", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": " tourism", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": " Koblenz", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": " Lorelei", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": " the Middle Rhine Valley", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": " tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": " UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": " R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": " Lorelei", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": " Lorelei", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": " Duisburg", - "572f7588947a6a140053c985": " Duisburg", - "572f7588947a6a140053c986": " Lippe. Between Emmerich and Cleves the Emmerich Rhine Bridge", - "572f7588947a6a140053c987": " 400 m", - "572f7588947a6a140053c988": " Duisburg", - "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": " Duisburg", - "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": " Duisburg", - "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": " Duisburg", - "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": " 400 m", - "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": " Duisburg", - "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", + "572f7588947a6a140053c985": " Wesel-Datteln Canal", + "572f7588947a6a140053c986": " the Lippe", + "572f7588947a6a140053c987": " Emmerich Rhine Bridge", + "572f7588947a6a140053c988": " 400 m", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": " Lower Rhine", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": " Rhine-Ruhr region", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisport", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": " Emmerich Rhine Bridge", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": " 400 m", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": " Meuse", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": " Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": " Two thirds", - "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", - "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", - "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": " Hollands Diep and Haringvliet estuaries", - "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": " Hardinxveld-Giessendam", - "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": " Panner", - "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": " two ninths of the flow west along a route parallel to the Waal. However, at Wijk bij Duurstede", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": " west", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": " Waal and then, via the Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": " Meuse", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": " Beneden Merwede branches off, near Hardinxveld-Giessendam", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": " Pannerdens Kanaal", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": " Nederrijn", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": " Lek.", - "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": " Noord River", - "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": " two", - "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": " two ninths of the flow west along a route parallel to the Waal. However, at Wijk bij Duurstede", - "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": " two", - "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": " Lek. It flows farther west", - "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": " Lek. It flows farther west", - "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": " Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north", - "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": " Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": " Wijk bij Duurstede", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": " Pannerdens Kanaal", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": " Nederrijn", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": " one ninth", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": " Lek", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": " Wijk bij Duurstede", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": " Rhine", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": " draining the surrounding land and polders", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": " Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": " Kromme Rijn", - "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": " Katwijk, where its waters can be discharged into the North Sea", - "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": " Millingen", - "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": " Millingen", - "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": " Millingen", - "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": " Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal", - "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": " Three", - "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": " Boven Merwede", - "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": " northern", - "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": " Lake IJsselmeer", - "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": " south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": " sluice", + "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": " Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": " near Millingen aan de Rijn", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": " Rhine-Meuse delta, or even Rhine\u2013Meuse\u2013Scheldt delta", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": " Nederrijn", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": " three", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": " Waal and continues as Boven Merwede", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Old Meuse", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "the Rip\") and Nieuwe Waterweg", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": " St. Elizabeth's flood", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", - "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": " south", - "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": " St. Elizabeth's flood (1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": " south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": " 1421 to 1904", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": " archipelago-like estuary", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": " drainage channels", - "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "Hollandse IJssel, Linge, Vecht, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams", - "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": " (\"dammed\") and now serve as drainage channels", - "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": " the Delta in the second half of the 20th Century", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": " disconnected arms (Hollandse IJssel, Linge, Vecht, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": " second half of the 20th Century", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": " tidal", - "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", - "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": " high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal currents", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": " tidal currents", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": " strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": " Zaltbommel", - "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": " 180 MBP, in the Jurassic Period", - "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": " subducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate in the Alpine Orogeny of the Oligocene and Miocene Period", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": " Tethys sea", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": " Jurassic Period", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": " Mediterranean geography", - "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": " Triassic Period", - "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": " Italy, the Alps, and Anatolia", - "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": " Upper Rhine Graben", - "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": " Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France", - "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": " Upper Rhine Graben, that continued north", - "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": " northern flanks of the Alps", - "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": " south", - "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": " Vosges Mountains", - "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": " Vosges Mountains", - "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": " 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", - "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": " 2.5 million", - "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": " 120", - "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": " the English Channel", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": " Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": " microplates", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": " N\u2013S", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": " the Upper Rhine Graben", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "From the Eocene", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": " Danube", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": " Pliocene period", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": " down to the Vosges Mountains", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": " six", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": " 120 m (390 ft)", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": " northwest", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": " offshore of Brest, France", - "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": " 70,000 BP and around 29,000\u201324,000 BP", - "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": " 70,000 BP and around 29,000\u201324,000 BP", - "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": " west through the Netherlands", - "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": " 70,000 BP and around 29,000\u201324,000 BP", - "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": " 70,000 BP and around 29,000\u201324,000 BP", - "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": " a glacier. A tundra", - "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": " Asia to the Atlantic Ocean", - "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": " 22,000\u201314,000 yr", - "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": " the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps", - "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": " the Rhine Valley", - "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": " 22,000 years", - "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": " snow covers", - "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": " subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers", - "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": " 13,000 BP. By 9000 BP", - "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": " 13,000 BP. By 9000 BP", - "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": " 7500 yr", - "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": " 7000 years", - "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": " 1\u20133 cm", - "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": " 1\u20133 cm", - "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": " 1\u20133 cm", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": " ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": " ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": " west", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": " 120 m (390 ft)", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": " sea level", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": " a glacier", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": " tundra", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": " 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": " tundra", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": " loess or wind-blown dust over that tundra, settled in and around the Rhine Valley", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": " 22,000 years ago", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": " thaw and fall-winter snow covers", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": " Rhine", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": " about 13,000 BP", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": " 9000 BP", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": " 7500 yr ago", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": " Rates of sea-level rise", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": " 7000 years", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": " natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": " about 1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "11,700 years ago", - "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "8,000 years ago", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": " (~8,000 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": " Late-Glacial valley", - "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": " Late-Glacial valley", - "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": " 80 avulsions have occurred. Direct human impact in the delta started with peat mining", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": " Netherlands", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": " ~3000 yr BP", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": " flooding", - "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "central Germany", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": " sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up. This caused increased flooding", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": " 11\u201313th century AD", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": " 80", - "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": " North", - "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": " North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary", - "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": " Zuider Zee brackish lagoon", - "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": " North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary", - "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "6", - "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": " Gallia and Germania by definition; e.g. Maurus Servius", - "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": " Maurus Servius", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": " the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": " to the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": " to the north", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": " The river IJssel branch", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": " three", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": " 1st century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": " Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": " 6th century BC", - "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": " Maurus Servius", - "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": " 14 until after AD 70", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": " Maurus Servius Honoratus", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": " AD 14 until after AD 70", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": " upper Danube", - "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": " upper Danube", - "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": " Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube", - "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": " Moguntiacum", - "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": " five", - "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": " Colonia Agrippina, descending to Cologne, V Alaudae, a Celtic legion recruited from Gallia Narbonensis", - "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": " Cologne", - "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": " five", - "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": " Cologne, V Alaudae, a Celtic legion recruited from Gallia Narbonensis", - "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": " 5th century", - "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": " Hagen", - "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": " Hagen", - "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": " Bonn", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": " the empire fell", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": " eastwards", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "From the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": " eight", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": " army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germanica and XX Valeria (Pannonian troops", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": " Ubiorum", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": " whether a state or threat of war existed", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": " Ubiorum (\"town of the Ubii", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": " the Migration period", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": " kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "Germanic Heroic Age", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": " Siegfried", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": " Hagen", - "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": " Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire", - "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": " First French Empire", + "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": " 6th century", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": " 6th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": " Lower Lorraine", - "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": " Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": " Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": " 1469", - "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": " Louis XIV and Napoleon Bonaparte", - "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": " Middle Ages, though the language border was \u2013 and is \u2013 far more to the west. French leaders, such as Louis XIV and Napoleon Bonaparte", - "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": " Napoleon, as a French client state, in 1806", - "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": " Napoleon, as a French client state, in 1806", - "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": " French prime minister Adolphe Thiers", - "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": " 1930 and the German army re-occupied it in 1936", - "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": " 1930", - "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": " the end of World War I, the Rhineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles", - "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": " Adolf Hitler", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": " Peace of Westphalia", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": " Establishing \"natural borders", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": " Napoleon", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": " 1806", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": " 1840", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": " end of World War I", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": " 1935", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": " German army", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": " helping Adolf Hitler's rise to power", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": " 1936", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": " Arnhem", - "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": " Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe", - "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": " Seven Days", - "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": " Seven Days", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": " Germany", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": " September 1944", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": " Ludendorff Bridge", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": " an invasion of Western Europe", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": " 1,230 kilometres", - "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": " 1,230 kilometres", - "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": " 1,230 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": " German encyclopedia Knaurs", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": " a typographical error", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": " 1,230 kilometres", - "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": " 1,230 kilometres", - "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": " the Scotland Act 1998", + "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": " 2010", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": " 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": " the Scotland Act 1998", - "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": " the areas in which it can make laws \u2013 by explicitly specifying powers that are \"reserved\" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": " the areas in which it can make laws", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": " the Parliament of the United Kingdom", - "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": " the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster", - "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": " three hundred", - "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": " hundred", - "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": " the outbreak of the First World War", - "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": " 1960s", - "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": " 1973", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": " all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": " lack of a Parliament of Scotland", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": " three", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": " outbreak of the First World War", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": " late 1960s", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": " a directly elected Scottish Assembly", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": " North Sea", - "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "During this time, the discovery of oil in the North Sea", - "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": " 1974. However, it was not until 1978", - "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": " the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much", - "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": " the United Kingdom Parliament", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "It's Scotland", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": " 1974", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": " not benefitting Scotland", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": " 1978", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": " Edinburgh", - "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40%", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": " 40%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": " 51.6%", - "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": " 51.6%", - "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": " 51.6%", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": " referendum", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": " 32.9%", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": " Scottish Parliament", - "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": " Conservative Party", - "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": " 1980s and 1990s", - "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": " the Parliament", - "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": " a new Scottish Parliament Building", - "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": " Spanish architect Enric Miralles", - "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": " Queen Elizabeth II", - "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": " Queen Elizabeth II opened the new building on 9 October 2004", - "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": " 9 October 2004", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": " the Conservative Party", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": " 1989", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": " Publishing its blueprint for devolution", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": " Holyrood area of Edinburgh", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": " Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": " Spanish", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": " leaf-shaped", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": " Queen Elizabeth II", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": " the meeting of the Church's General Assembly", - "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": " the General Assembly Hall", - "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": " former Strathclyde Regional Council", - "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": " the former Strathclyde Regional Council", - "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": " former Strathclyde Regional Council", - "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": " the City of Edinburgh Council", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": " Edinburgh", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": " courtyard adjoining the Assembly Hall", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": " University of Aberdeen", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": " the former Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": " City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": " Lothian Regional Council", - "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": " The former Midlothian County Buildings facing Parliament Square", - "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": " Parliament Square", - "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": " the Parliament's principal committee room", - "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": " a secret ballot", - "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": " Elaine Smith and John Scott", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": " demolished", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": " Parliament Square, High Street and George IV Bridge", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": " Midlothian County Buildings facing Parliament Square", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": " MSP", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": " Tricia Marwick", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": " a secret ballot", - "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": " two", - "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": " Elaine Smith and John Scott", - "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": " the staff, property and resources it requires", - "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": " the work agenda", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": " 129", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": " A vote clerk", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": " Presiding Officer", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": " Convening the Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": " five", - "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": " official capacity", - "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": " The First Minister, Scottish cabinet ministers", - "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": " The First Minister, Scottish cabinet ministers", - "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": " 131 seats in the debating chamber. Of the total 131", - "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": " 131 seats in the debating chamber. Of the total 131 seats, 129", - "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": " The First Minister, Scottish cabinet ministers", - "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": " silver", - "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": " silver and inlaid with gold", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": " The Presiding Officer", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": " hemicycle", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": " to encourage consensus amongst elected members", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": " 131", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": " 129", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": " vote", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": " Scottish rivers", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": " silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": " the Queen", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": " Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", - "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": " glass case", - "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": " Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays", - "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": " Wednesday", - "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": " Wednesday", - "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": " Wednesday afternoons from 2 pm to 6 pm", - "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": " Wednesday afternoons from 2 pm to 6 pm", - "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": " Time for Reflection, at which a speaker addresses members for up to four minutes", - "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": " four minutes", - "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": " Time for Reflection", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": " a glass case", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": " April and October", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": " on Wednesday", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": " the public", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": " free", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": " Official Report", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": " Wednesdays", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": " up to four minutes", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": " Presiding Officer on the advice of the parliamentary bureau", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": " religious beliefs", - "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": " Time for Reflection", - "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": " English", - "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": " The Scottish Parliament", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": " nominate speakers", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": " Presiding Officer", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": " who speaks in chamber debates and the amount of time for which they are allowed to speak", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": " political parties", - "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": " 5 and 20 minutes", - "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": " English", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": " ministers or party leaders", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": " Gaelic", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": " 5 pm", - "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": " throughout the Parliamentary campus", - "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": " 5 pm", - "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": " electronic consoles", - "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": " 5 pm", - "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": " moral issues", - "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": " moral issues", - "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": " the party line", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time\"", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": " vote", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": " electronic consoles on their desks", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": " seconds", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": " political parties normally instruct members which way to vote", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand since political parties", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": " MSPs", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": " moral issues", - "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": " moral issues", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": " deselected as official party candidates during future elections, and, in serious cases, may be expelled from their parties outright", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": " 45 minutes", - "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": " 45 minutes", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": " on issues which may be of interest to a particular area such as a member's own constituency", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": " 45 minutes", - "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": " 45 minutes", - "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": " 45 minutes", - "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "Much of the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in committee", - "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": " take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation. Committee meetings", - "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": " take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation. Committee meetings", - "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": " take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation", - "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": " Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday", - "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "Committees comprise a small number of MSPs", - "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": " Scottish Parliament's standing orders, which govern their remits and proceedings. The current Mandatory Committees in the fourth Session of the Scottish Parliament are: Public Audit", - "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": " Mandatory Committees", - "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": " Scottish Parliament", - "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": " Public Audit", - "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": " the beginning of each parliamentary session", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": " other members", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": " contribute to the debate. The relevant minister, whose department the debate and motion relate to \"winds up\" the debate", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": " committee", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": " stronger", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": " the fact that there is no revising chamber", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": " stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems, partly as a means of strengthening the role of backbenchers", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": " other locations throughout Scotland", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": " MSPs", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": " the balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": " their functions", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": " Mandatory Committees", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": " fourth Session", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": " at the beginning of each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": " one", - "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": " Economy, Energy and Tourism", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": " The current Subject Committees", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": " Economy, Energy and Tourism", - "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": " large-scale development projects", - "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": " large-scale development", - "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": " Private Bill Committees", - "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": " Glasgow Airport", - "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": " hold the Scottish Government to account", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "A further type of committee", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": " large-scale development projects", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": " Private bills normally relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property. Private Bill Committees", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": " Private Bill Committees", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": " Queen Elizabeth II", - "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": " the devolved competencies. For the purposes of parliamentary sovereignty", - "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": " The Scotland Act 2012", - "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": " hold the Scottish Government to account", - "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": " automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", - "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": " Scottish Parliament", - "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": " agriculture", - "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": " 3 pence", - "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": " air guns", - "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": " The Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on such issues that are reserved to, and dealt with at, Westminster (and where Ministerial functions", - "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": " Ministerial functions usually lie with UK Government ministers", - "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": " Westminster", - "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": " National Lottery, protection of borders, social security and stability of UK's fiscal, economic and monetary system", - "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": " the Scottish Government", - "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": " government bills introduced by ministers", - "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": " a private member; or a private bill can be submitted to Parliament by an outside proposer", - "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": " by an outside proposer", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": " the devolved competencies", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": " Scotland Act 2012 extends the devolved competencies. For the purposes of parliamentary sovereignty, the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": " the Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": " Schedule 5", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": " the Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": " this includes agriculture, fisheries and forestry", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": " 3 pence in the pound", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": " 2012 Act", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": " UK Government ministers", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": " Scotland Parliament", + "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": " Westminster (and where Ministerial functions usually lie with UK Government ministers", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": " Scottish Government", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": " a private member", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": " an outside proposer", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": " a number of stages", - "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "Stage 1 is the first, or introductory stage", - "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": " Stage 1", - "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": " from the Presiding Officer", - "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": " introductory stage", + "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": " the first, or introductory stage of the bill, where the minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": " Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum setting out the policy underlying the bill, and a Financial Memorandum", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": " whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": " the relevant committee or committees", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": " Stage 2", - "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": " two", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": " two", - "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": " two", - "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": " \"wrecking amendments\"", - "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": " at Decision Time", - "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": " royal assent", - "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": " the Parliament on [Date] and received royal assent", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": " the bill", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "wrecking amendments", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": " Decision Time", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": " the Monarch", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": " for royal assent", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": " 4-week period", - "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": " Supreme Court", - "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": " the Parliament on [Date] and received royal assent", - "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": " the government of Scotland and sit in the Scottish cabinet, but such ministers are, in practice, appointed to their roles by the First Minister. Junior ministers", - "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": " Junior ministers", - "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": " the ministers \u2013 and may decide to remove them at any time \u2013 the formal appointment or dismissal is made by the Sovereign.", - "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": " MSPs, with the exception of Scotland's Chief Law Officers: the Lord Advocate", - "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": " by the Sovereign.", - "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": " six months", - "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": " six months", - "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": " six", - "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": " six", - "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": " six", - "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": " The First Minister or members of the cabinet can deliver statements to Parliament", - "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": " the First Minister delivers a statement to the chamber", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": " Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": " phrase that reads: \"The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": " Any member", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": " First Minister", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": " the elected MSPs", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": " the Sovereign.", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": " first Thursday in May", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": " May", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": " Monarch on the proposal of the Presiding Officer", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": " supplant it", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": " 28", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": " Parliament", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": " a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme", - "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": " the First Minister", - "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": " \"General Question Time", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": " the substance of the statement", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": " Thursday", - "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "Parliamentary time is also set aside for question periods in the debating chamber. A \"General Question Time\" takes place on a Thursday", - "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": " Scottish Government", - "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": " a general question of the First Minister", - "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": " resigns from Parliament", - "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": " 73", - "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": " 73", - "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": " Edinburgh", - "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": " 55", - "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": " proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method", - "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": " the d'Hondt method", - "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": " the seat, which is then added to its constituency seats", - "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": " The party with the highest quotient is awarded the seat, which is then added to its constituency seats", - "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": " all available list seats", - "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": " the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975", - "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": " the House of Commons", - "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": " the House of Commons", - "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": " Scottish Parliament", - "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": " House of Commons", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": " any member of the Scottish Government", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": " issues under their jurisdiction", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": " four", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": " 129", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": " 2005", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": " one", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": " due to their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": " 55,000", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": " proportionally", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": " d'Hondt method", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": " quotient", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": " its constituency seats", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": " iteratively", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": " qualifications", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": " 1981", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": " over the age of 18", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": " police and the armed forces", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": " Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": " a party has commanded a parliamentary majority", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": " Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": " 151 votes", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": " 16", - "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": " a referendum on Scottish independence", - "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": " David McLetchie", - "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": " David McLetchie, to the SNP", - "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": " five seats, with leader Annabel Goldie", - "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": " Cameron", - "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": " David McLetchie", - "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": " the UK House of Commons are able to vote on domestic legislation", - "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": " the UK House of Commons are able to vote on domestic legislation", - "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": " the West Lothian question", - "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": " standing orders of the House of Commons", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": " Scottish independence", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": " David McLetchie, to the SNP", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": " Edinburgh Pentlands", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": " five seats", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": " Annabel Goldie", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": " Cameron", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": " able to vote on domestic legislation", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": " domestic legislation", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": " West Lothian question", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": " Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": " England", - "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": " moral conservatism", - "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": " moral conservatism", - "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": " Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism", - "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": " at one end is a strategy of Islamization of society", - "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": " state power", - "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": " within the democratic process", - "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": " Hezbollah", - "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": " Hezbollah", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": " Political Islam", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": " all spheres of life.\" Islamism favors the reordering of government and society", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": " reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": " two poles", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": " revolution or invasion", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": " democratic process", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": " Palestine", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": " to abolish the state of Israel", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": " democracy", - "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": " religious basis", - "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": " Olivier Roy", - "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century", - "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "aria rather than the building of Islamic institutions,\" and rejection of Shia Islam", - "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": " interdependent\" with democracy", - "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": " maintain their legitimacy", - "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": " political role", - "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": " Fred Hall", - "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": " Fred Hall", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": " a religious basis", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "guardians of the tradition", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": " \"sharia", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": " democracy", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": " to maintain their legitimacy", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": " political", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": " Islam", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": " supporters", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": " illiberal Islamic regimes", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": " religion from politics", - "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": " Islam?\"", - "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": " Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam", - "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "If Islam is a way of life", - "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": " 1945 and 1970", - "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": " Islam?\"", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": " Islamism", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": " Americans", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": " a historical fluke", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": " between 1945 and 1970", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": " Iranian Islamic Revolution", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": " dangerous enemies", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": " 1970s", - "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": " \"experience, ideology, and weapons\",", - "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": " the mujahideen", - "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": " bulwarks", - "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": " \"experience, ideology, and weapons\",", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": "experience, ideology, and weapons", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": " mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": " leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents", + "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "experience, ideology, and weapons", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": " Anwar Sadat", - "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": " 1975", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": " Soviet Union", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": " political support", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": " 1975", - "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": " Anwar Sadat", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "gentlemen's agreement", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": " strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism", - "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake", - "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": " Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims", - "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": " Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism. In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only \"always oppose\" infidels", - "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": " Saudi-based Wahhabism", - "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": " \"are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake,\"", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": " all the horrible wars", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": " infidels", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": " Wahhabism or Salafism", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": " incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful", - "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": " providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": " shelters", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": " rhetoric", - "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": " incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments whose commitment to social justice", - "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": " London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry", - "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": " London branch of the All India Muslim League", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": " to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": " law and philosophy", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": " All India Muslim League", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": " the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": " 1908", - "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": " Oxford University", - "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": " Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence. In his travels to Egypt", - "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": " Muslim heritage, culture and political influence. In his travels to Egypt", - "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": " Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence. In his travels to Egypt", - "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": " 1930 at its session in Allahabad", - "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": " 29 December 1930", - "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": " Abul Ala Maududi", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": " The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": " not only would secularism and secular nationalism", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": " crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": " nationalist differences", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": " 1930", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": " Pakistan movement", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": " journalism", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": " 1941", - "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": " Pakistan", - "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": " Pakistan", - "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": " Pakistan", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": " his writing", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": " modern context", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": " journalism", - "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": " Pakistan", - "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": " Pakistan", - "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": " Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia", - "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": " Sharia", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": " his writing", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": " modern context", + "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": " Sharia", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": " an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God", - "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": " violence or populist policies", - "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": " top of society downward", - "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": " Hassan al Banna", - "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": " Hassan al Banna", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": " gradual changing the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society downward through an educational process or da'wah", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "revolution", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": " 1928", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": " Ismailiyah, Egypt", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": " Hassan al Banna", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "the Qur'an", - "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": " Hassan al Banna. His was arguably the first, largest and most influential modern Islamic political/religious organization. Under the motto \"the Qur'an", - "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": " Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", - "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": " Mahmud Fami", - "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": " Mahmud Fami", - "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": " 1948 and several years later following confrontations with Egyptian president Gamal Abdul Nasser", - "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": " Gamal Abdul Nasser, who jailed thousands of members for several years", - "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": " Mohamed Morsi", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": " imperialist influence", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": " violence", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": " 1949", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": " Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": " 1948", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": " Gamal Abdul Nasser", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": " one of the most influential", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": " 75%", - "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal\"", - "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": " Mohamed Morsi", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": " field candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": " Mohamed Morsi", - "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": " along with economic stagnation", - "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": " Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation", - "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": " secular Arab nationalism", - "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": " Ba'athism", - "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": " Six-Day War", - "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": " Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi", - "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": " Mohammad Iqbal", - "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": " Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi", - "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": " Mohammad Iqbal", - "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": " Islam", - "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": " US economic sanctions", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": " a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": " a pivotal event", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": " economic stagnation", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": " decline", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": " Ba'athism", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": " ideological", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": " Ali Shariati", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": " somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": " the Prophet Mohammad", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": " conspiracy against Islam", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": " Shia terrorist groups", - "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": " Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", - "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": " Hezbollah and to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", - "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": " Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", - "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": " Palestinian sheikh Abdullah Yusuf Azzam", - "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": " Palestinian sheikh Abdullah Yusuf Azzam", - "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": " send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith. Leading this pan-Islamic effort was Palestinian sheikh Abdullah Yusuf Azzam", - "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": " 16,000 to 35,000", - "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": " 16,000 to 35,000", - "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": " Saddam Hussein", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": " economic sanctions", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": " 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": " President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": " Soviet Union", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": " Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": " send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": " marginal", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": " thousands", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": " put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": " Saddam Hussein", - "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": " Saddam Hussein", - "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": " Saddam Hussein", - "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": " Saudi regime of being a puppet of the west", - "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": " Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia", - "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": " domestic Islamists", - "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": " Saudi Arabia", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": " Islamist", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": " Saudi", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": " the west", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": " conservative Muslims", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": " those domestic Islamists", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": " the kingdom", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": " Algeria", - "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": " Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia", - "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": " 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi", - "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": " Milestones", - "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": " moderate", - "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": " Milestones", - "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": " a means", - "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": " Muhammad Abd al-Salaam", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": " Osama bin Laden", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": " Qutb", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": " 1966", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": " Brotherhood", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": " the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": " 1970s", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": " Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": " 1981", - "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": " secular leanings", - "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": " secular leanings", - "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": " Muhammad Abd al-Salaam", - "5730131c947a6a140053d052": " al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group). Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state", - "5730131c947a6a140053d053": " Jamaa Islamiya", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": " Anwar Sadat", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "apostate\" leaders of Muslim states", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": " Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag", + "5730131c947a6a140053d052": " violence", + "5730131c947a6a140053d053": " al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": " 2003", - "5730131c947a6a140053d054": " Jamaa Islamiya", - "5730131c947a6a140053d056": " political figures, arson of video shops and attempted takeovers of government buildings", - "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": " \"quiescent", - "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": " Muslim Brotherhood", - "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": " the destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine", - "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": " hijab", - "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "zeal\"), devoted to Jihad against Israel", - "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": " 542 people", - "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": " 5", - "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": " the majority of the seats, and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza", - "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": " Hamas has been praised by Muslims for driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", - "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": " Israel out of the Gaza Strip", - "57302700a23a5019007fce89": " Hassan al-Turabi", + "5730131c947a6a140053d054": " unsuccessful", + "5730131c947a6a140053d056": " political figures", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "quiescent", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": " HAMAS", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": " destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": " alcohol", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": " Palestine", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": " 542", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": " the majority of the seats", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": " January 2006 legislative election\u2014its first foray into the political process\u2014it won the majority of the seats, and in 2007", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": " driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", + "57302700a23a5019007fce89": " Islamist", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": " Hassan al-Turabi", - "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": " 1979", - "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": " money from foreign Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia", - "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": " Saudi Arabia. He also recruited and built a cadre of influential loyalists by placing sympathetic students in the university and military academy", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": " National Islamic Front", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": " money from foreign Islamist banking systems", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": " university and military academy", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": " 1985", - "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": " military", - "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": " strict application of sharia law", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": " with the help of the military", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": " sharia law", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": " Osama bin Laden", - "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": " Osama bin Laden for a time (before 9/11), and worked to unify Islamist opposition to the American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War", - "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": " Abbassi Madani", - "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": " 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani", - "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": " Abbassi Madani", - "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": " 1991", - "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": " military coup", - "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": " 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity", - "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": " political and tribal warlords, making Afghanistan one of the poorest", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": " American attack on Iraq", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": " alleviate the high rate of unemployment", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": " 1989", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": " Algeria", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": " Front Islamique", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": " military coup d'\u00e9tat", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": " justice and prosperity", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": " vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": " 1992", - "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": " political and tribal warlords", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": " Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": " 80%", - "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": " Pakistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": " Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", - "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": " Wahhabism, and the extremist jihadism of their guest Osama bin Laden", - "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": " Wahhabism, and the extremist jihadism of their guest Osama bin Laden", - "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": " 1988", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": " Wahhabism", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": " July 1977", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": " alcohol and nightclubs", - "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": " 1988", - "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": " 1988", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": " Islamism", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": " his means of seizing power", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": " 1988", - "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": " Sunni Arabs", - "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": " the \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": " Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": " Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": " ten million", - "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": " \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", - "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": " the \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", - "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": " al-Qaeda in 2004", - "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": " Syrian Civil War", - "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": " Iraqi government forces out of key cities in western Iraq in a 2014 offensive. The group is adept at social media, posting Internet videos of beheadings", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": " international recognition", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": " a caliphate", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": " 2004", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": " March 2003", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": " human rights abuses", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": " March 2011", - "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": " ethnic cleansing", - "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": " Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate", - "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": " 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": " responsible for human rights abuses", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": " Caliphate", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": " 7th century", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": " 1924", - "57302e45947a6a140053d231": " 1924", - "57302e45947a6a140053d232": " Turkish", + "57302e45947a6a140053d231": " the true Islamic system", + "57302e45947a6a140053d232": " working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": " armed jihad", - "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": " engage in armed jihad", - "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": " jihad", - "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": " Jordan", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "ideological struggle", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": " elites", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": " Egypt", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": " terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists", - "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": " South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets", - "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": " South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets", - "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": " Abu Hamza al-Masri, the imam of the Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism", - "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": " Abu Hamza al-Masri, the imam of the Finsbury Park Mosque", - "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "itement to terrorism", - "57303048947a6a140053d254": " centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy", - "57303048947a6a140053d255": " centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy", - "57303048947a6a140053d256": " Christian Whiton, an official in the George W. Bush administration, called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of \"political warfare\"", - "57303048947a6a140053d257": " centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy", - "57303048947a6a140053d258": " communist ideology", - "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": " Latin word \"imperium", - "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": " \"a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization", - "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": " Asia and Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries", - "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": " \"a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization", - "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "physical control", - "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "physical control", - "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule", - "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "physical control", - "57306797396df919000960ee": " physical control", - "57306797396df919000960ef": " physical control", - "57306797396df919000960f0": " physical control", - "57306797396df919000960f2": " physical control", - "57306797396df919000960f1": " physical control", - "573081c2069b531400832133": " Geopolitics", - "573081c2069b531400832134": " Russian leader Lenin", - "573081c2069b531400832135": " Lenin suggested that \"imperialism was the highest form of capitalism, claiming that imperialism developed after colonialism, and was distinguished from colonialism by monopoly capitalism", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": " over 900,000", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": " Islamist", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": " 2007", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": " Londonistan", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": " incitement to terrorism", + "57303048947a6a140053d254": " since 2001", + "57303048947a6a140053d255": " State Department", + "57303048947a6a140053d256": " State Department", + "57303048947a6a140053d257": " Defense Secretary", + "57303048947a6a140053d258": " undermining the communist ideology", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": " Latin", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": " extending a country's power and influence through colonization", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": " Asia", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": " technologies and ideas", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": " influence", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "Formal imperialism\" is defined as \"physical control or full-fledged colonial rule\". \"Informal imperialism", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "othering", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": " direct", + "57306797396df919000960ee": " Informal rule", + "57306797396df919000960ef": "formal\" and \"informal\" imperialism", + "57306797396df919000960f0": " aggressiveness", + "57306797396df919000960f2": " technological superiority", + "57306797396df919000960f1": " Informal rule", + "573081c2069b531400832133": " expanded", + "573081c2069b531400832134": " Geo-politics", + "573081c2069b531400832135": " Lenin", "573081c2069b531400832136": " Geopolitics", - "573081c2069b531400832137": " Lenin suggested that \"imperialism was the highest form of capitalism, claiming that imperialism developed after colonialism, and was distinguished from colonialism by monopoly capitalism", - "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": " Robert Young", + "573081c2069b531400832137": " Geopolitics", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": " political focus", - "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": " Robert Young", - "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": " Robert Young", - "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": " Robert Young", - "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": " Colonialism is the builder and preserver of the colonial possessions in an area by a population coming from a foreign region", - "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": " Colonialism can completely change the existing social structure", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": " ideological as well as financial reasons, colonialism is simply the development for settlement or commercial intentions", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": " Ottoman", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": " a person or group of people", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": " a conquest", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": " conquering the other state's lands", - "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": " the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered and the conquering nation then gaining the benefits from the spoils of the war.", - "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": " Colonialism is the builder and preserver of the colonial possessions in an area by a population coming from a foreign region", - "5730876a396df9190009617a": " Friedrich Ratzel", - "5730876a396df9190009617c": " Halford Mackinder", - "5730876a396df9190009617b": " Friedrich Ratzel", - "5730876a396df9190009617d": " Friedrich Ratzel", - "5730876a396df9190009617e": " Friedrich Ratzel", - "573088da069b53140083216b": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder", - "573088da069b53140083216c": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism", - "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain", - "573088da069b53140083216e": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder", - "573088da069b53140083216f": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel", - "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": " European guidance. For instance, American geographer Ellen Churchill Semple", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": " the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": " gaining the benefits from the spoils", + "5730876a396df9190009617a": " defense and justification of empire-building", + "5730876a396df9190009617c": " imperialism", + "5730876a396df9190009617b": " highest 'social efficiency'\".", + "5730876a396df9190009617d": " races", + "5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness", + "573088da069b53140083216b": " Germany", + "573088da069b53140083216c": " Britain", + "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political geographers", + "573088da069b53140083216e": " expansion was necessary for a state\u2019s survival", + "573088da069b53140083216f": " come back with tales of their discoveries", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": " environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": " temperate zone", - "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": " Tropicality can be paralleled with Edward Said\u2019s Orientalism", - "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": " Ellen Churchill Semple", - "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": " Ellen Churchill Semple", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": " Orientalism", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": " uncivilized people", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": " the superior and the norm", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": " Terra nullius", - "57308ddc396df919000961a7": " Terra nullius", - "57308ddc396df919000961a4": " Terra nullius", - "57308ddc396df919000961a6": " Terra nullius", - "57308ddc396df919000961a8": " Roman law", - "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": " body of knowledge", - "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": " The discourse of Orientalism therefore served as an ideological justification of early Western imperialism", - "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": " The discourse of Orientalism therefore served as an ideological justification of early Western imperialism", - "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": " ideological justification of early Western imperialism", - "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": " The discourse of Orientalism therefore served as an ideological justification of early Western imperialism", - "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": " the use of blank space", - "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": " imperial and colonial powers to obtain \"information to fill in blank spaces", - "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": " unknown or unexplored territory", - "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": " nineteenth-century cartographic techniques", - "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": " French and British power into West Africa\". During his analysis of nineteenth-century cartographic techniques, he highlights the use of blank space", - "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": " Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a7": " eighteenth century", + "57308ddc396df919000961a4": " British Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a6": " terra nullius, and its settlers considered it unused by its sparse Aboriginal", + "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "empty land", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": " imaginative geography", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": " irrational and backward", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": " irrational and backward in opposition to the rational and progressive West. Defining the East as a negative vision of itself", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": " Defining the East", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": " irrational and backward", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": " the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": " denote unknown or unexplored territory", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": " the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": " imperial and colonial powers", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": " pre-Columbian era", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": " Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": " dozens", - "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": " Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire", - "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": " Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire", - "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": " authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture", - "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": " Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture", - "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": " Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea", - "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": " Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": " India", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": " Sub-Saharan Africa", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": " Roman imperialism", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": " Dallas", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": " Roman imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": " bans on foreign popular culture", "57309446396df919000961b8": " 1700", - "57309446396df919000961b9": "The Great Game", + "57309446396df919000961b9": " colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world", "57309446396df919000961ba": " thousands", "57309446396df919000961bb": " 1700", - "57309446396df919000961bc": " \"Age of Imperialism", - "57309564069b5314008321a5": " 20th century, historians John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson", - "57309564069b5314008321a6": " 20th century", - "57309564069b5314008321a7": " Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999", - "57309564069b5314008321a8": " the world's economy grew significantly and became much more interconnected in the decades before World War I", - "57309564069b5314008321a9": " John Gallagher", + "57309446396df919000961bc": "The Age of Imperialism", + "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980", + "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1920\u20131999", + "57309564069b5314008321a7": " historians", + "57309564069b5314008321a8": " the world's economy", + "57309564069b5314008321a9": " the many imperial powers", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": " economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": " mid-18th century", - "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": " economic growth", - "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": " mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the \"British exploited the political weakness of the Mughal state", - "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "Along with advancements in communication, Europe also continued to advance in military technology. European chemists", - "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": " 1880s", - "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": " the machine gun", - "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": " 1880s", - "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": " 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", - "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": " Christopher Columbus", - "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": " five distinct but often parallel axes", - "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": " Christopher Columbus", - "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": " Christopher Columbus", - "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": " J. A. Hobson (1858\u20131940), Joseph Schumpeter", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": " economic growth by collecting resources from colonies", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": " the political weakness of the Mughal state", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": " communication", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": " deadly explosives", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": " machine gun", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": " arrows", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": " Europe", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": " British", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": " late 1870s", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": " a policy of idealism and philanthropy", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": " need for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpower", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": " aristocracy, and imperialism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": " 1950s", - "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "83", - "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": " domestic social reforms", - "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": " domestic social reforms", - "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": " environmental determinism was used to categorically place indigenous people in a racial hierarchy", - "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": " the environment", - "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": " racial hierarchy", - "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": " environmental determinism was used to categorically place indigenous people in a racial hierarchy", - "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": " racial hierarchy", - "5730a314069b5314008321eb": " Northern Europe", - "5730a314069b5314008321ec": " Northern Europe", - "5730a314069b5314008321ed": " lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", - "5730a314069b5314008321ee": " Northern Europe", - "5730a314069b5314008321ef": " Northern Europe", - "5730a40f396df91900096234": " 1599", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1872\u20131967", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": " domestic social reforms could cure the international disease", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": " by removing its economic foundation", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": " environmental determinism", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": " the environment in which they lived", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": " Africa", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": " orientalism and tropicality", + "5730a314069b5314008321eb": " geographic scholars under colonizing empires", + "5730a314069b5314008321ec": " Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic", + "5730a314069b5314008321ed": " guidance and intervention", + "5730a314069b5314008321ee": " orientalism", + "5730a314069b5314008321ef": " colonizing empires", + "5730a40f396df91900096234": " sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096235": " 1599", "5730a40f396df91900096236": " Queen Elizabeth", - "5730a40f396df91900096237": " political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy", - "5730a40f396df91900096238": " 1599", + "5730a40f396df91900096237": " political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", + "5730a40f396df91900096238": " Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": " 1830", - "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": " North and West Africa", - "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": " Republicans, at first hostile", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": " 1850", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": " Catholicism", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": " North and West Africa", - "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": " Germany started to build her own colonial empire", - "5730a951069b531400832213": " lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior\". Full citizenship", - "5730a951069b531400832214": " Jules Ferry", - "5730a951069b531400832215": " Algeria", - "5730a951069b531400832216": " Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry", - "5730a951069b531400832217": " Algeria", - "5730aa52069b53140083221d": " Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies", - "5730aa52069b53140083221e": " Charles de Gaulle", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": " 1850", + "5730a951069b531400832213": " civilize", + "5730a951069b531400832214": " Christianity and French culture", + "5730a951069b531400832215": " France", + "5730a951069b531400832216": " Christianity and French culture", + "5730a951069b531400832217": " its colonies", + "5730aa52069b53140083221d": " overseas colonies", + "5730aa52069b53140083221e": " anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": " Vietnam", - "5730aa52069b531400832220": " Algeria", - "5730aa52069b531400832221": " Charles de Gaulle", - "5730ab63396df91900096260": " middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire", - "5730ab63396df91900096263": " Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire", - "5730ab63396df91900096261": " middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire", - "5730ab63396df91900096262": " 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire", + "5730aa52069b531400832220": " Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria", + "5730aa52069b531400832221": " 1960", + "5730ab63396df91900096260": " Scandinavia and northern Europe", + "5730ab63396df91900096263": "west of and including Italy) was complete, excluding only Muslim Iberia", + "5730ab63396df91900096261": " 800 CE", + "5730ab63396df91900096262": " 800 CE", "5730ab63396df91900096264": " central Europe", - "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": " Otto von Bismarck", - "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", - "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": " Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck", - "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": " Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck", - "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": " Europe", - "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": " Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea in 1884", - "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": " Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea in 1884", - "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "84", - "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": " Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea in 1884", - "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": " Hamburg merchants", - "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": " 1894", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": " late 19th century", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862\u201390", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": " after the Franco-German War", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": " Napoleon", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": " Europe itself", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": " South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": " German prestige", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": " 1883\u201384", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": " New Guinea", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": " Hamburg merchants and traders", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": " Japan took part of Sakhalin Island", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": " 1894", - "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": " Taiwan", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": " Thailand", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": " Manchuria", - "5730b255396df919000962b0": " foreign nations and colonies to advance their own interests", - "5730b255396df919000962b1": " non-Russians develop their national cultures", - "5730b255396df919000962b2": " self-determination for national minorities within the new territory. Beginning in 1923, the policy of \"Indigenization", - "5730b255396df919000962b3": " Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory. Beginning in 1923, the policy of \"Indigenization", - "5730b255396df919000962b4": " Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory. Beginning in 1923, the policy of \"Indigenization", - "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": " Sultan Galiev", - "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": " Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev", - "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": " Sultan Galiev", + "5730b255396df919000962b0": " Soviet Union and the People\u2019s Republic of China", + "5730b255396df919000962b1": " 1932", + "5730b255396df919000962b2": " Lenin", + "5730b255396df919000962b3": " Eastern Europe", + "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik leaders", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": " world revolution", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": " Lenin", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": " Mao Zedong", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": " Nikita Khrushchev", - "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": " Sultan Galiev", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism", "5730b541396df919000962c2": " mercantilism", - "5730b541396df919000962c3": " Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Following the defeat of Napoleonic France", - "5730b541396df919000962c5": " Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Following the defeat of Napoleonic France", + "5730b541396df919000962c3": " 1776", + "5730b541396df919000962c5": " free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c4": " 1820", "5730b541396df919000962c6": " 1815", - "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": " British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", - "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": " Joseph Chamberlain", - "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": " Joseph Chamberlain", - "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": " Joseph Chamberlain", - "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": " Monroe Doctrine", - "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": " Central America and Woodrow Wilson", - "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": " Butler", - "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": " Anti-Imperialist League to oppose the US annexation of the Philippines", - "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "racket\"", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": " British", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": " pseudo-sciences", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": " Social Darwinism", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": " Middle East", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": " the Monroe Doctrine", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": " Monroe Doctrine", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": " imperialism", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": " Philippines", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "racket", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": " Isiah Bowman", - "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": " Wilson's geographer", - "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": " Isiah Bowman", - "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": " the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": " 1917", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": " President Wilson", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": " build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world'", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": " Wilson's geographer", - "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": " \"internal colonialism\". Participation in the African slave trade", - "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": " imperial power prior to any attempts at external imperialism. This internal form of empire has been referred to as \"internal colonialism\". Participation in the African slave trade", - "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": " Edward Said made a bold statement on modern imperialism in the United States, whom he described as using aggressive means of attack", - "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": " using aggressive means of attack", - "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": " 1299", - "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": " 1299", - "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": " 32 provinces", - "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": " 32 provinces", - "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": " 1299", - "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": " Germany", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": " internal strife", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": " imperial", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": " 12 to 15 million", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": " Orient", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": " 1299 to 1923", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": " Suleiman the Magnificent", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": " 32", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": " Horn of Africa", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": " 1299 to 1923", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": " Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": " Germany", - "5730bd00069b5314008322db": " European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late nineteenth century. The empire allied with Germany", - "5730bd00069b5314008322da": " Germany", - "5730982f396df919000961e2": " John and Charles Wesley in England", - "5730982f396df919000961e3": " John and Charles Wesley in England", + "5730bd00069b5314008322db": " World War I", + "5730bd00069b5314008322da": " Turkey", + "5730982f396df919000961e2": " United Methodist Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e3": " a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination", "5730982f396df919000961e4": " 1968", "5730982f396df919000961e5": " John and Charles Wesley", "5730982f396df919000961e6": " Wesleyan", - "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": " 80 million adherents", - "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": " 80", - "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": " Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church after the Southern Baptist Convention", - "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": " 3.6%", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": " United Methodist Church", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": " 80 million", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": " mainline Protestant denomination", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": " 4.4 million", "57309921396df919000961f6": " mid-18th century", - "57309921396df919000961f7": " mid-18th century within the Church of England", - "57309921396df919000961f8": " John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield", + "57309921396df919000961f7": " the mid-18th century within the Church of England", + "57309921396df919000961f8": " methodical and exceptionally detailed in their Bible study", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": " 1735", - "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": " John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians", - "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": " John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": " Georgia", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": " the American Indians", "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": " salvation by God's grace", - "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": " John Wesley originally wanted the Methodists to stay within the Church of England", - "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": " Thomas Coke as superintendent (bishop)", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": " the American Revolution", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": " 1784", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": " Thomas Coke", - "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": " at the Lovely Lane Methodist Church", - "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": " Thomas Coke", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": " Lovely Lane Methodist Church", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": " Methodist Episcopal Church", "57309adb396df919000961fc": "St. George's United Methodist Church", - "57309adb396df919000961fd": "St. George's United Methodist Church, located at the corner of 4th and New Streets", + "57309adb396df919000961fd": "St. George's United Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961fe": " 1767", - "57309adb396df919000961ff": " the corner of 4th and New Streets", - "57309adb396df91900096200": " 1784", - "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Richard Allen", - "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": " St. George's Church in 1784", + "57309adb396df919000961ff": " Dock Street", + "57309adb396df91900096200": " 1767", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Richard Allen and Absalom Jones", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": " St. George's Church", "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": " 1784", - "57309d31396df91900096210": " 1844", - "57309d31396df91900096211": " 1844", - "57309d31396df91900096212": " slavery", - "57309d31396df91900096213": " slavery", + "57309d31396df91900096210": " 1830", + "57309d31396df91900096211": " over the issue of laity having a voice and vote", + "57309d31396df91900096212": " 1844", + "57309d31396df91900096213": " because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops", "5730a97a396df9190009625a": " April 23, 1968", - "5730a97a396df9190009625b": " April 23, 1968", - "5730a97a396df9190009625c": " April 23, 1968, the United Methodist Church was created when the Evangelical United Brethren Church (represented by Bishop Reuben H. Mueller", - "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": " The Book of Discipline", - "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": " Apostle's Creed and the Nicene Creed; which are used frequently in services of worship. The Book of Discipline", - "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": " \"visible and invisible Church,\" meaning that all who are truly believers", - "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": " Thomas Vasey", - "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": " Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat", - "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": " Thomas Vasey", - "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": " The United Methodist Church in 1968", - "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": " John Wesley and Charles Wesley (Anglicans), but also Philip William Otterbein and Martin Boehm", + "5730a97a396df9190009625b": " General Conference in Dallas, Texas", + "5730a97a396df9190009625c": " Bishop Reuben H. Mueller", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": " the holy catholic", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": " the Nicene Creed; which are used frequently in services of worship. The Book of Discipline", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": " meaning that all who are truly believers in every age", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": " the American Revolution", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": " John Wesley", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": " Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": " 1968", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": " John Wesley and Charles Wesley", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": " Albert C. Outler", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": " Albert C. Outler", - "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": " tainted by sin", - "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": " seek a relationship with God", - "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": " tainted by sin", - "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": " God's salvation in Christ", - "5730aeba069b531400832241": " by faith and trust in Christ, through which God pardons the believer of sin", - "5730aeba069b531400832242": " the power of sin", - "5730aeba069b531400832243": " John Wesley", - "5730aeba069b531400832244": " John Wesley", - "5730aeba069b531400832245": " the New Birth", - "5730afed069b53140083225f": " respond to God by leading a Spirit-filled and Christ-like life", - "5730afed069b531400832260": " love of God", - "5730afed069b531400832261": " love of God", - "5730afed069b531400832262": " soul, mind, and strength", - "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": " the work of the Holy Spirit", - "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": " Arminian theology", - "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": " race, gender, and ideology", - "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "catholic, evangelical, and reformed.\"", - "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": " the work of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", - "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": " an acceptable practice", - "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": " the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", - "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": " the United Methodist Church", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "Prevenient grace, or the grace that \"goes before\" us, is given to all people", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "Prevenient grace", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": " given to all people. It is that power which enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": " sin", + "5730aeba069b531400832241": " Accepting Grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832242": " The justifying grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832243": " conversion", + "5730aeba069b531400832244": " conversion", + "5730aeba069b531400832245": " New Birth", + "5730afed069b53140083225f": " grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection", + "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying Grace", + "5730afed069b531400832261": " a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength", + "5730afed069b531400832262": "Sanctifying Grace", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": " Anglo-Catholic and Reformed theology", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": " The United Methodist Church believes in prima scriptura", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": " UMC", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": " The Book of Discipline", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": " 2008", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": " pro-choice", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": " Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": " Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": " all women", - "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": " well", - "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": " Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality", - "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": " the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice at their General Conference", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": " mother", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": " United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": " 2012", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": " Rev. Paul T. Stallsworth", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": " temperance movement", - "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": " alcohol for Lent", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": " 2011 and 2012", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": "The Use of Money", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": " unfermented grape juice", "5730b54c069b53140083228d": " capital punishment", "5730b54c069b53140083228e": " John 8:7", - "5730b54c069b53140083228f": " Matthew 5:38", - "5730b54c069b531400832290": " capital punishment", - "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": " Rev. Jimmy Creech", + "5730b54c069b53140083228f": " Matthew 5:38-39", + "5730b54c069b531400832290": " General Conference of the United Methodist Church", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": " same-sex", "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": " 1999", - "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": " April of 2016", - "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": " lesbian and gay members and friends\" and commits itself", - "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": " lesbian and gay members and friends", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": " 2016", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": " Connectional Table", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": " LGBT community", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": " same-gender marriages", "5730b776069b5314008322bd": " 1987", - "5730b776069b5314008322be": " lesbian relationship", - "5730b776069b5314008322bf": " provisional diaconate", - "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": " conscription as incompatible", - "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": " the way of military action, nor the way of inaction is always righteous before God", - "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": " refuse to serve in the armed forces", - "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": " an instrument of national foreign policy, to be employed only as a last resort", - "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": " an instrument of national foreign policy", - "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": " an instrument of national foreign policy, to be employed only as a last resort", - "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": " Sexual Ethics Task Force", + "5730b776069b5314008322be": " 2005", + "5730b776069b5314008322bf": " Baltimore-Washington Conference of the UMC", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": " conscription", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": " military action", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": " all war", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": " Christ's message and teachings", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": " national foreign policy", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": " general and complete disarmament", + "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": " The Sexual Ethics Task Force of The United Methodist Church", "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": " violence, degradation, exploitation, and coercion", - "5730bdfe396df91900096310": " physiologically altered", - "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": " research on stem cells", - "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": " umbilical cords and adult stem cells", - "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": " \"opposition to the creation of embryos for the sake of research\" as \"a human embryo, even at its earliest stages", - "5730c059069b531400832305": " the Sunday Service", - "5730c059069b531400832306": " The Book of Common Prayer called the Sunday Service", + "5730bdfe396df91900096310": " girls and women", + "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": " IVF", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": " stem cells", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": " research", + "5730c059069b531400832305": " the Sunday Service of the Methodists", + "5730c059069b531400832306": " the Church of England.\"", "5730c059069b531400832307": " The Book of Common Prayer", - "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": " The United Methodist Church in Africa", - "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": " Anglican tradition's Book of Common Prayer", - "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": " laying on of hands", - "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "St. James UMC\"). Methodists also honor notable heroes and heroines of the Christian faith", - "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": " William Booth, African missionary David Livingstone", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": " Africa", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": " Book of Common Prayer", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": " anointing with oil", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "St. James UMC", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": " William Booth", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": " John Wesley", - "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": " Tampa", - "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": " the General Conference in accordance with the Book of Discipline", - "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": " Non-legislative resolutions are recorded in the Book of Resolutions", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": " United Methodist Church", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": " United Methodist Church", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": " The Book of Discipline", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": " General Conference", - "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": " four years", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": " every four years", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": " five", - "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": " five", - "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": " elect and appoint bishops", - "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": " Africa, Congo, West Africa, Central & Southern Europe", - "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": " five", - "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": " by the Mission Council", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": " seven", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": " to elect and appoint bishops", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": " The main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences is to elect and appoint bishops", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": " Bishops", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": " the Mission Council", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": " church bishops", - "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University", - "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University", - "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "Decisions in-between the four-year meetings are made by the Mission Council", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": " 36", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": " for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": " Southern Methodist University", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": " nine", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "The Judicial Council", - "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": " nine", - "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": " twice a year", - "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": " twice", - "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": " The term Annual Conference", - "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": " geographical area", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": " eight-year", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": " twice", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": " at various locations throughout the world", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": " Annual Conference", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": " the geographical area it covers", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": " Annual Conference", - "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": " the organizational structure", - "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": " three", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": " Book of Discipline", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": " three members and no more than nine", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": " three", - "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": " set pastors' salaries", - "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": " tax purposes", - "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": " Syracuse University", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": " The church conference", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": " The church conference", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": " one hundred", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": " three", - "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": " the International Association of Methodist-related Schools", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": " International Association of Methodist-related Schools, Colleges, and Universities", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": " John Wesley", - "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": " John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": " pastors", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": " Annual Conference Order of Elders", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": " Annual Conference Order of Elders", - "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": " the Area Provost/Dean (if one is appointed) and the several District Superintendents", - "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": " one year", - "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": " one year", - "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": " the church, and ordained by a bishop to a ministry of Word", - "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": " by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": "All clergy appointments", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": " fixed annually", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": " the bishop has read the appointments at the session of the Annual Conference", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "Elders", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": " a bishop", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": " 2\u20133 years", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": " District Superintendents", - "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": " 2\u20133 years", - "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": " preach the Word", - "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": " Holy Communion", - "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": " a local church. Deacons serve a term of 2\u20133 years", - "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "provisional elder\" or \"provisional deacon\" for those who seek to be ordained in the respective orders. The provisional elder", - "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": " two", - "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "provisional deacon\" for those who seek to be ordained in the respective orders. The provisional elder/deacon", - "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": " bachelor's degree", - "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": " Local pastors are not required to have advanced degrees", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": " 2\u20133", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": " Deacons", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": " Deacons", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": " sacramental authority", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": " 1996", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": " provisional elder", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": " the ordination order", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "Licensed Local Pastor", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": " bishop", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": " five", - "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": " bachelor's degree", - "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": " Professing Members", - "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": " through confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith", - "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": " Professing Members through confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith", - "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": " Baptism is a sacrament in the UMC. The Book of Discipline", - "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": " Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", - "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": " students learn about Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": " bi-vocational, living out their ministerial call in the local church and in their field of employment. Full-time and part-time", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": " confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": " confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": " Baptism", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": " order to profess their ultimate faith in Christ", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": " The Book of Discipline", "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": " Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", - "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": " local church lay servant, who serve in and through their local churches, and certified lay servants", - "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": " must be recommended by their pastor and Church Council", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": " lay servants", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": " they must be recommended by their pastor and Church Council or Charge Conference", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": " annually", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": " two", - "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": " ecumenical relations", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "The United Methodist Church", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": " observer status", - "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": "blurring of theological and confessional differences", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": " the \"blurring of theological and confessional differences in the interests of unity", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": " 2000", - "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": " the African Methodist Episcopal Church, African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, African Union Methodist Protestant Church, Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, and Union American Methodist Episcopal Church", - "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": " African Methodist Episcopal Church", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": " May 2012", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": " 1985", "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": " 11 million", - "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": " 11 million", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": " 11 million members in nearly 42,000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": " 8 million", "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": " 8 million", - "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": " Oklahoma", - "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": " 7.9 million in the U.S. and 3.5 million overseas. Significantly, about 20%", - "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": " 7.9 million in the U.S. and 3.5 million overseas. Significantly, about 20%", - "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": " 7.9 million in the U.S. and 3.5 million overseas. Significantly, about 20%", - "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": " UMC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", - "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": " John Wesley to promote the Gospel throughout the world. On July 18, 2006, delegates to the World Methodist Council", - "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": " the \"Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification\",", - "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754", - "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "1754", - "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": " 60,000", - "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": " 60,000", - "5733cff84776f419006612b4": " along", - "5733cff84776f419006612b5": " along", - "5733cff84776f419006612b6": " along the frontiers", - "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": " six", - "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": " six", - "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": " six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": " Texas", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": " 11.4 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": " 11.4 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": " 11.4 million", + "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": " Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": " Wesleyan Holiness Consortium, which seeks to reconceive and promote Biblical holiness in today's Church. It is also active in the World Methodist Council", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": " July 18, 2006", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": " the colonies of British America and New France", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": " 60,000 European settlers, compared with 2 million", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": " 2 million", + "5733cff84776f419006612b4": " along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", + "5733cff84776f419006612b5": " a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", + "5733cff84776f419006612b6": " May 1754", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": " 1755", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": " a disaster", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": " poor management, internal divisions, and effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": " Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", - "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": " Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", - "5733d249d058e614000b6331": " William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France", - "5733d249d058e614000b6332": " Prussia", - "5733d249d058e614000b6333": " Prussia", - "5733d249d058e614000b6334": " Sainte Foy in Quebec", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": " the deportation", + "5733d249d058e614000b6331": " William Pitt", + "5733d249d058e614000b6332": " Between 1758 and 1760", + "5733d249d058e614000b6333": " Prussia and its allies in the European theatre", + "5733d249d058e614000b6334": " Sainte Foy", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": " east of the Mississippi to Great Britain. It ceded French Louisiana", - "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": " east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", - "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": " France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": " Louisiana", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": " one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": " 1740s", - "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": " British America, wars were often named after the sitting British monarch, such as King William's War or Queen Anne's War", - "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": " King William's War or Queen Anne's War", - "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": " King William's War or Queen Anne's War", - "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "Seven Years\" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", - "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "Seven Years\" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", - "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "Seven Years\" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", - "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Seven Years\" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": " Indians fought on both sides", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": " a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": " Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": " 1756", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": " six years", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": " 1760", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": " Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": " 75,000", - "5733d5704776f4190066130f": " 75", - "5733d5704776f41900661310": " St. Lawrence and Mississippi watershed", - "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": " Rupert's Land", - "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": " Rupert's Land", - "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": " Rupert's Land", + "5733d5704776f4190066130f": " Illinois Country", + "5733d5704776f41900661310": " throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds", + "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": " 20 to 1", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": " Georgia", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": " along the coast", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": " native tribes", - "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": " Nova Scotia", - "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": " present-day Upstate New York", - "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": " Father Le Loutre's War", - "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": " Catawba", - "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": " Catawba", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": " Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": " Upstate New York", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": " Iroquois", + "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": " Catawba, Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": " western portions of the Great Lakes region", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": " Iroquois Six Nations", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": " no French regular army troops", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": " no French regular army troops", - "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": " 3,000 troupes", - "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": " 200 Troupes", - "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": " 200 Troupes", - "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": " 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians. The expedition covered about 3,000 miles", - "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": " C\u00e9loron that they owned the Ohio Country and that they would trade with the British regardless of the French. C\u00e9loron continued south", - "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": " Logstown", - "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": " Logstown", - "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": " Montreal in November 1749", - "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": " C\u00e9loron wrote, \"All I can say", - "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": " William Shirley", - "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": " C\u00e9loron wrote, \"All I can say", - "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": " the Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": " New France was defended by about 3,000 troupes de la marine, companies of colonial regulars", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": " about 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians. The expedition covered about 3,000 miles", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": " 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", + "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": " buried lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country. Whenever he encountered British merchants", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": " informed C\u00e9loron that they owned the Ohio Country and that they would trade with the British", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": " Pickawillany", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": " ignored the warning", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": " ignored the warning", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": " very badly disposed", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": " making their way to London and Paris", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": " particularly forceful", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": " 1749", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": " the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": " Christopher Gist", - "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": " terms that included permission to build a \"strong house\" at the mouth of the Monongahela River", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": " Treaty of Logstown", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": " Monongahela River", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": " King George's War", - "5733e771d058e614000b6546": " 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", - "5733e771d058e614000b6547": " conflicting territorial claims", - "5733e771d058e614000b6548": " Frontiers from between Nova Scotia and Acadia", - "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": " Charles le Moyne", + "5733e771d058e614000b6546": " 1748", + "5733e771d058e614000b6547": " conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies", + "5733e771d058e614000b6548": " it reached no decision. Frontiers", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": " Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": " 300", - "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": " Charles le Moyne de Longueuil", - "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": " three traders and killing 14 people", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": " to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following C\u00e9loron's orders", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": " capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": " Paul Marin", - "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": " Paul Marin de la Malgue", - "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": " Paul Marin de la Malgue", - "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": " Paul Marin de la Malgue", - "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": " Paul Marin de la Malgue", - "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": " The British Superintendent for Indian Affairs", - "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": " The British Superintendent for Indian Affairs", - "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": " William Johnson in upstate New York. The British Superintendent for Indian Affairs", - "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": " William Johnson in upstate New York. The British Superintendent for Indian Affairs", - "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": " Jacob Van Braam", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": " Fort Presque Isle", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": " Fort Le Boeuf", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": " protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": " Tanaghrisson", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": " Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": " Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": " Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": " Mohawk Chief Hendrick", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": " Ohio Company", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": " Major George Washington", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": " Jacob Van Braam", - "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": " Fort Le Boeuf", - "5733f062d058e614000b6633": " Saint-Pierre with the letter from Dinwiddie", - "5733f062d058e614000b6634": " Saint-Pierre with the letter from Dinwiddie", - "5733f062d058e614000b6635": " Saint-Pierre with the letter from Dinwiddie", - "5733f062d058e614000b6636": " Saint-Pierre said, \"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", - "5733f1784776f41900661575": " William Trent", - "5733f1784776f41900661576": " April 5, 1754", - "5733f1784776f41900661577": " April 5, 1754", - "5733f309d058e614000b6648": " Tanaghrisson and his party, surprised the Canadians on May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville", - "5733f309d058e614000b6649": " British musket fire", - "5733f309d058e614000b664a": " Fort Duquesne", - "5733f410d058e614000b6663": " Major General Edward Braddock", - "5733f410d058e614000b6664": " King Louis XV", - "5733f410d058e614000b6665": " six", - "5733f410d058e614000b6666": " Major General Edward Braddock", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": " December 12", + "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", + "5733f062d058e614000b6634": " Dinwiddie", + "5733f062d058e614000b6635": " \"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", + "5733f062d058e614000b6636": " Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle had explored the Ohio Country nearly a century earlier", + "5733f1784776f41900661575": " 40", + "5733f1784776f41900661576": " 1754", + "5733f1784776f41900661577": " Fort Duquesne", + "5733f309d058e614000b6648": " surprised the Canadians", + "5733f309d058e614000b6649": " many of the Canadians", + "5733f309d058e614000b664a": " to gain the support of the British and regain authority over his own people", + "5733f410d058e614000b6663": " dislodge the French. They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition", + "5733f410d058e614000b6664": " before Braddock's departure for North America", + "5733f410d058e614000b6665": " dispatched six regiments to New France", + "5733f410d058e614000b6666": " blockade French ports", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": " the convening of the Albany Congress", - "5733f5264776f419006615a4": " the congress", - "5733f5264776f419006615a5": " The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified", - "5733f5264776f419006615a6": " a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians, since allegiance of the various tribes and nations was seen to be pivotal", - "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": " George Washington", - "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": " George Washington", + "5733f5264776f419006615a4": " to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5733f5264776f419006615a5": " never ratified", + "5733f5264776f419006615a6": " to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock (with George Washington", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": " a disaster", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": " 1,000", - "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": " George Washington, retreated to Virginia. Two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": " Thomas Gage", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": " Shirley and Johnson", - "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": " Shirley's efforts to fortify Oswego were bogged down in logistical difficulties", - "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": " Shirley's efforts to fortify Oswego were bogged down in logistical difficulties", - "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": " Oneida Carry between the Mohawk River and Wood Creek at present-day Rome, New York).", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": " logistical difficulties, exacerbated by Shirley's inexperience in managing large expeditions", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": " Fort Niagara", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": " Johnson", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": " Marquis de Vaudreuil", - "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": " Dieskau", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": " sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric to meet that threat", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": " Fort Edward and Fort William Henry", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": " Fort William Henry", - "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": " Ticonderoga Point", - "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": " June 1755", - "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": " Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", - "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": " Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": " Ticonderoga", + "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": " Nova Scotia's Governor Charles Lawrence ordered the deportation of the French-speaking Acadian population from the area", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": " Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": " William Shirley", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": " Albany", - "5733faaf4776f41900661631": " Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario", - "5733faaf4776f41900661632": " North America. At a meeting in Albany", - "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": " Fran\u00e7ois-Charles de Bourlama", - "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": " Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", - "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": " Seven Years' War", - "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": " Oneida Carry. In the March Battle of Fort Bull, French forces destroyed the fort and large quantities of supplies, including 45,000 pounds", - "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": " Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry.", + "5733faaf4776f41900661631": " 1756. In addition to renewing the efforts to capture Niagara, Crown Point and Duquesne, he proposed attacks on Fort Frontenac", + "5733faaf4776f41900661632": " Maine district and down the Chaudi\u00e8re River to attack the city of Quebec", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": " Major General James Abercrombie", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": " Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": " May 18, 1756", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": " the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": " supply chain", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": " 45,000 pounds", - "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": " Lake Ontario", - "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": " Montcalm", - "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": " Ticonderoga, as if to presage another attack along Lake George", - "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": " August", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": " any British hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": " Abercrombie", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": " Ticonderoga", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": " Oswego", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": " the disposition of prisoners' personal effects", - "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": " Louisbourg. Faced with this strength, Loudoun returned to New York amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry", - "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": " a capable administrator", - "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": " a capable administrator", - "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": " New York", - "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": " British column, killing and capturing several hundred men, women, children, and slaves", - "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": " January they ambushed British rangers near Ticonderoga", - "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757. In January they ambushed British rangers near Ticonderoga", - "57340111d058e614000b677d": " Vaudreuil", - "57340111d058e614000b677e": " Fran\u00e7ois Bigot", - "57340111d058e614000b677f": " Carillon, Quebec, and Louisbourg", - "5734025d4776f419006616c3": " Duke of Cumberland", - "5734025d4776f419006616c4": " 1757", - "5734025d4776f419006616c5": " three", - "5734025d4776f419006616c6": " Fort Duquesne", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": " an attack on New France", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": " distract Montcalm", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": " William Pitt", + "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": " returned to New York", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": " Lake George", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": " attacked the British column, killing and capturing several hundred men, women, children, and slaves", + "57340111d058e614000b677d": " poor harvest", + "57340111d058e614000b677e": " harvest in 1757", + "57340111d058e614000b677f": " St. Lawrence, with primary defenses at Carillon, Quebec, and Louisbourg", + "5734025d4776f419006616c3": " British failures in North America", + "5734025d4776f419006616c4": " Duke of Cumberland. Newcastle and Pitt joined in an uneasy coalition in which Pitt", + "5734025d4776f419006616c5": " three major offensive actions", + "5734025d4776f419006616c6": " Two", "573403394776f419006616dd": " 3,600", - "573403394776f419006616de": " 3,600", - "573403394776f419006616df": " John Bradstreet", - "573403394776f419006616e0": " John Bradstreet", + "573403394776f419006616de": " 3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000", + "573403394776f419006616df": " saved something", + "573403394776f419006616e0": " saved something from the disaster", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": " invasion of Britain", - "57340549d058e614000b67de": " focus on an invasion of Britain", + "57340549d058e614000b67de": " failed both militarily and politically", "57340549d058e614000b67df": " Lagos and Quiberon Bay", - "573406d1d058e614000b6801": " Fort Niagara", - "573406d1d058e614000b6802": " Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south. The victory was made complete in 1760", - "573406d1d058e614000b6803": " Sainte-Foy", - "573406d1d058e614000b6804": " 1760 when, despite losing outside Quebec City", - "573407d7d058e614000b6813": " General Amherst", - "573407d7d058e614000b6814": " Governor Vaudreuil", - "573407d7d058e614000b6815": " General Amherst", - "573408ef4776f41900661757": " the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763", - "573408ef4776f41900661758": " North America", - "573408ef4776f41900661759": " Spain", - "573408ef4776f4190066175a": " Spain", - "57340a094776f4190066177d": " 80", - "57340a094776f4190066177e": " Roman Catholic residents. The deportation of Acadians beginning in 1755", - "57340a094776f4190066177f": " France, and some went to New Orleans", - "57340a094776f41900661780": " France, and some went to New Orleans", - "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": " October 7, 1763, which outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory", - "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": " October 7, 1763, which outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory", + "573406d1d058e614000b6801": " James Wolfe", + "573406d1d058e614000b6802": " cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south", + "573406d1d058e614000b6803": " Battle of Sainte-Foy", + "573406d1d058e614000b6804": " Fort Niagara", + "573407d7d058e614000b6813": " Governor Vaudreuil", + "573407d7d058e614000b6814": " medical treatment for the sick and wounded French soldiers and French regular troops", + "573407d7d058e614000b6815": " Governor Vaudreuil", + "573408ef4776f41900661757": " 10 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661758": " 15 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661759": " either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique", + "573408ef4776f4190066175a": " surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique", + "57340a094776f4190066177d": " 80,000", + "57340a094776f4190066177e": " 1755", + "57340a094776f4190066177f": " North American provinces", + "57340a094776f41900661780": " New Orleans", + "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": " King George III", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": " outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": " west of the Appalachian Mountains", "57340d124776f419006617c3": " Cuba", - "57340d124776f419006617c0": " French power", + "57340d124776f419006617c0": " legal and illegal settlement", "57340d124776f419006617c1": " 1769", - "57340d124776f419006617c2": " French power in North America", - "57340d124776f419006617bf": " disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion, leading to their ultimate dispossession. The Ohio Country", - "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": " the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects", - "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": " at a constant velocity", - "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": " Galileo Galilei", + "57340d124776f419006617c2": " Christianized Yamasee", + "57340d124776f419006617bf": " disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": " force", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": " incomplete understanding of the sometimes non-obvious force of friction", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": " Sir Isaac Newton", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": " three hundred years", - "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": " Galileo Galilei", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": " Sir Isaac Newton", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": " Standard Model", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": " gauge bosons", - "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": " decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic", - "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": " decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic", - "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": " electroweak interaction", - "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": " The place where the archer moves the projectile was at the start of the flight, and while the projectile sailed through the air", - "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": " motionless objects on Earth, those composed mostly of the elements earth and water", - "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": " four elements", - "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": " motionless objects on Earth, those composed mostly of the elements earth and water, to be in their natural place on the ground", - "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": " application", - "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": " 17th century work of Galileo Galilei", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": " electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": " strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": " a more fundamental electroweak interaction", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": " Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": " four", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": " the ground", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": " an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": " 17th century", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": " Galileo Galilei", - "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": " impetus", - "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": " disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion", - "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": " a force, for example friction", - "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": " external net force", - "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": " inertia with the concept of relative velocities", - "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": " inertia with the concept of relative velocities", - "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": " relative velocities", - "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": " the same in every inertial frame of reference", - "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": " It is the outside world", - "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": " straight up in the air", - "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": " at rest: It is the outside world", - "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": " constant velocity motion as it does to rest", - "573749741c4567190057445d": " mid-air next to himself, it will remain stationary", - "573749741c4567190057445e": " mid-air next to himself, it will remain stationary", - "573749741c4567190057445f": " free-falling toward a gravitating object, were physically equivalent to inertial reference frames", - "573749741c45671900574460": " intergalactic space with no net force of gravity", - "573749741c45671900574461": " planet Earth", - "573750f51c45671900574467": " kinematic measurements", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": " an innate force of impetus", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": " Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": " friction", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": " an external net force", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": " lack of net force", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": " Newton", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": " First Law", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": " the same in every inertial frame", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": " the laws of physics", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": " curving parabolic path", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": " outside world that is moving with a constant speed", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": " inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445d": " inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445e": " rotational inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445f": " Albert Einstein", + "573749741c45671900574460": " weightlessness", + "573749741c45671900574461": " reference frames", + "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c45671900574468": " kinematic measurements", - "573750f61c45671900574469": " space-time and mass, but lacking a coherent theory of quantum gravity", - "573750f61c4567190057446a": " kinematics are well-described through reference frame analysis in advanced physics, there are still deep questions", + "573750f61c45671900574469": " General relativity", + "573750f61c4567190057446a": " General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446b": " fixed", - "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": " interactions", - "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": " the action-reaction law", - "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": " interactions", - "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": " F on a second body, the second body exerts a force \u2212F on the first body. F and \u2212F are equal in magnitude", - "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": " center of mass", - "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": " internal forces that are unbalanced. That is, the action-reaction force", - "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": " center of mass", - "573766251c45671900574471": " perceived", - "573766251c45671900574472": " using precise operational definitions", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": " action-reaction law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "Newton's Third Law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": " unidirectional", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": " F and \u2212F are equal in magnitude", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": " an acceleration proportional to the magnitude of the external force divided by the mass of the system", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": " closed", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": " the mass of the system", + "573766251c45671900574471": " intuitive understanding", + "573766251c45671900574472": " precise operational definitions", "573766251c45671900574473": " Newtonian mechanics", - "573766251c45671900574474": " laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics", - "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": " \"vector quantities", - "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": " Associating forces with vectors", - "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": " vectors", + "573766251c45671900574474": " fully consistent", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "denoted scalar quantities", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": " know both the magnitude and the direction", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": " ambiguous", - "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": " The two people could be pulling against each other as in tug of war", - "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": " conditions of static equilibrium", - "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": " magnitude and direction. When two forces act on a point particle", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": " necessary to know both the magnitude and the direction of both forces", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": " static equilibrium", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": " magnitude and direction", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": " net force", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": " their respective lines of application", - "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": " the net force), can be determined by following the parallelogram rule", - "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": " three", - "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": " three", - "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": " three", - "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": " ninety degrees", - "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": " three", - "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": " the applied force is opposed by static friction", - "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": " between the object and the table surface", - "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": " the applied force resulting in no acceleration", - "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": " the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface", - "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": " spring balances", - "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": " on a vertical spring scale experiences the force of gravity acting on the object balanced by a force applied by the \"spring reaction", - "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": " the object's weight", - "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": " Archimedes' principle for buoyancy", - "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": " Three Laws of Motion", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": " parallelogram", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": " independent components", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": " two", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": " the original force", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": " uniquely determined by the scalar addition of the components of the individual vectors. Orthogonal components", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": " no effect", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": " static friction", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": " the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": " the applied force", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": " the characteristics of the contact", + "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": " weighing", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": " weight", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "spring reaction force\", which equals the object's weight. Using such tools, some quantitative force laws were discovered: that the force of gravity", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": " Isaac Newton", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": " Galileo", - "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": " rest. This was contrary to Aristotle's notion of a \"natural state\"", - "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": " with mass", - "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": " behind the foot of the mast", - "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": " behind the foot of the mast", - "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": " kinetic friction", - "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": " zero net force", - "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": " zero net force, but since the object started with a non-zero velocity", - "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": " zero", - "57377aac1c45671900574479": " Newtonian equations", - "57377aac1c4567190057447a": " Newtonian equations", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": " rest", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": " Aristotle", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": " straight down", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": " foot of the mast", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": " dynamic equilibrium", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": " kinetic friction. In such a situation, a force is applied in the direction of motion while the kinetic friction force", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": " applied force", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": " Aristotle", + "57377aac1c45671900574479": " Schr\u00f6dinger equation", + "57377aac1c4567190057447a": " Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": " classical position variables", - "57377aac1c4567190057447c": " \"quantized", - "57377aac1c4567190057447d": " \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics", - "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": " two fermions there is a strictly negative correlation between spatial and spin variables", - "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": " two fermions there is a strictly negative correlation", - "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": " two fermions there is a strictly negative correlation between spatial and spin variables", - "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": " a strictly negative correlation between spatial and spin variables", - "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": " spatial and spin variables", - "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": " emitted away from the vertex as wavy lines", - "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "ge", - "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "ge", - "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "ge", + "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "quantized", + "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "force\"", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "spin", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": " there is the Pauli principle", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": " value of the spin", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": " parallel spins) the spatial variables must be antisymmetric", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": " negative correlation", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": " mathematical by-product", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": " force is a redundant concept arising from conservation of momentum (4-momentum in relativity and momentum of virtual particles", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": " conservation of momentum", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": " Feynman diagrams", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": " straight line", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": " four", - "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": " short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles", - "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": " nuclear forces", - "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": " acceleration forces", - "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": " acceleration forces", - "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": " Michael Faraday", - "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": " Einstein tried and failed at this endeavor, but currently the most popular approach to answering this question is string theory", - "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": " self-consistent unification models", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": " strong and weak", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": " electromagnetic force", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": " masses", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": " Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": " Isaac Newton", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": " 20th", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": " Grand Unified Theory", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": " string theory", - "573784fa1c45671900574483": " and has a magnitude of about 9.81 meters per second", - "573784fa1c45671900574484": " and has a magnitude of about 9.81 meters per second", - "573784fa1c45671900574485": " and has a magnitude of about 9.81 meters per second", - "573784fa1c45671900574486": " and has a magnitude of about 9.81 meters per second", - "573784fa1c45671900574487": " the object's mass", - "573786b51c4567190057448d": " the acceleration of the Moon around the Earth", - "573786b51c4567190057448e": " the acceleration due to gravity is proportional to the mass of the attracting body", + "573784fa1c45671900574483": " Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574484": " Galileo", + "573784fa1c45671900574485": " 9.81 meters per second", + "573784fa1c45671900574486": " sea level", + "573784fa1c45671900574487": " 9.81 meters per second", + "573786b51c4567190057448d": " in different ways at larger distances", + "573786b51c4567190057448e": " ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law", "573786b51c4567190057448f": " the mass of the attracting body", - "573786b51c45671900574490": " the acceleration due to gravity is proportional to the mass of the attracting body", - "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": " Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance", + "573786b51c45671900574490": " mass () and the radius ()", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": " dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": " Henry Cavendish", - "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": " Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance", - "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": " Succinctly stated, Newton's Law of Gravitation", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": " 1798", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": " Henry Cavendish", "5737898f1c45671900574495": " Mercury", - "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies; however, despite some early indications, no such planet", - "5737898f1c45671900574497": " the discrepancy. This was the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity", - "5737898f1c45671900574498": " Mercury's orbit and found that his theory added a correction, which could account for the discrepancy. This was the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity", - "5737898f1c45671900574499": " less correct", - "57378b141c4567190057449f": " objects moving freely in gravitational fields", - "57378b141c456719005744a0": " ballistic trajectory", - "57378b141c456719005744a1": " what we label as \"gravitational force", - "57378b141c456719005744a2": " ballistic trajectory", - "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": " Lorentz's Law", - "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": " sum of the electrostatic force (due to the electric field", + "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", + "5737898f1c45671900574497": " general relativity", + "5737898f1c45671900574498": " Albert Einstein", + "5737898f1c45671900574499": " Albert Einstein", + "57378b141c4567190057449f": " general relativity", + "57378b141c456719005744a0": " shortest", + "57378b141c456719005744a1": "gravitational force", + "57378b141c456719005744a2": " can be observed and the force is inferred from the object's curved path", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "Through combining the definition of electric current as the time rate of change", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": " moving in a magnetic field", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": " Lorentz's Law", - "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "static force (due to the electric field", + "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": " the electrostatic force (due to the electric field", "57378e311c456719005744af": " James Clerk Maxwell", - "57378e311c456719005744b0": " James Clerk Maxwell", - "57378e311c456719005744b1": " Oliver Heaviside", - "57378e311c456719005744b2": " Oliver Heaviside", + "57378e311c456719005744b0": " 1864", + "57378e311c456719005744b1": " 20", + "57378e311c456719005744b2": " 4", "57378e311c456719005744b3": " James Clerk Maxwell", - "573792ee1c456719005744b9": " quantum mechanics", + "573792ee1c456719005744b9": " electromagnetic theory", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": " quantum mechanics", - "573792ee1c456719005744bb": " quantum mechanics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bb": " quantum electrodynamics", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": " photons", - "573792ee1c456719005744bd": " photons", - "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": " Pauli exclusion principle", + "573792ee1c456719005744bd": " quantum electrodynamics", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": " repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": " Pauli exclusion principle", - "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": " lower energy quantum mechanical states", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": " enough lower energy quantum mechanical states", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": " a structural force", - "5737958b1c456719005744c3": " Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958b1c456719005744c3": " repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": " Pauli exclusion principle", - "5737958b1c456719005744c5": " lower energy quantum mechanical states", + "5737958b1c456719005744c5": " enough lower energy quantum mechanical states", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": " a structural force", - "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": " gluons", - "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": " color confinement", - "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": " gluons", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": " elementary particles", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "the best known example being the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": " strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": " gluons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": " color confinement", - "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": " beta decay", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": " weak force", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": " beta decay", - "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": " beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei", - "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": " 1013 times less", - "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": " at a temperatures in excess of approximately 1015 kelvins", - "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": " Pauli repulsion (due to fermionic nature", - "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": " Pauli repulsion", - "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": " fermionic nature", - "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": " The normal force, for example, is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors", - "57379ed81c456719005744d5": " ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys", - "57379ed81c456719005744d6": " set-up that uses movable pulleys", - "57379ed81c456719005744d7": " ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": " the associated radioactivity", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": " 1013", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": " 1015 kelvins", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force", + "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": " the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": " fermionic nature of electrons", + "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": " external force pushes on a solid object. An example of the normal force in action is the impact force", + "57379ed81c456719005744d5": " ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable", + "57379ed81c456719005744d6": " movable pulleys", + "57379ed81c456719005744d7": " instantaneously in action-reaction pairs", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": " conservation of mechanical energy", - "57379ed81c456719005744d9": " multiplied", - "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": " three-dimensional objects", - "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": " three-dimensional objects", - "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": " along", + "57379ed81c456719005744d9": " movable pulleys", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": " idealized point particles", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": " matter has extended structure", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": " extended fluids", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": " other parts", - "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": " three-dimensional objects", - "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": " stress tensor accounts for forces that cause all strains (deformations", - "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": " pressure", - "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": " stress", - "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": " stress", - "5737a4511c456719005744df": " the rotation equivalent of force in the same way that angle is the rotational equivalent for position, angular velocity", - "5737a4511c456719005744e0": " angular momentum", - "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Torque", - "5737a5931c456719005744e7": " The unbalanced", - "5737a5931c456719005744e8": " perpendicular", - "5737a5931c456719005744e9": " perpendicular", - "5737a5931c456719005744ea": " The unbalanced", - "5737a5931c456719005744eb": " speeding it up", - "5737a7351c456719005744f1": " kinetic or potential forms. This means that for a closed system, the net mechanical energy", - "5737a7351c456719005744f2": " The force, therefore, is related directly to the difference in potential energy", - "5737a7351c456719005744f3": " The force, therefore, is related directly to the difference in potential energy", - "5737a7351c456719005744f4": " the difference in potential energy", - "5737a7351c456719005744f5": " the difference in potential energy", - "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": " friction", - "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": " macroscopic statistical average", - "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": " friction", - "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": " friction", - "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": " energy transformations", - "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": " change the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat. According to the Second law of thermodynamics", - "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": " transfer of heat. According to the Second law of thermodynamics", - "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": " energy transformations", - "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": " internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat. According to the Second law of thermodynamics", - "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": " kilogram", - "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": " kilopond), is the force exerted by standard gravity", - "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": " slug", - "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": " slug", - "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": " kilogram" + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": " lattice holding together the atoms", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": " stress tensor", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": " stress-tensor", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": " pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area (the matrix diagonals", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "the matrix diagonals", + "5737a4511c456719005744df": " angle", + "5737a4511c456719005744e0": " all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by an unbalanced torque", + "5737a4511c456719005744e1": " Newton's Second Law of Motion", + "5737a5931c456719005744e7": " the center of the curving path", + "5737a5931c456719005744e8": " perpendicular to the velocity vector associated with the motion of an object", + "5737a5931c456719005744e9": " unbalanced centripetal force", + "5737a5931c456719005744ea": " unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object is always directed toward the center of the curving path", + "5737a5931c456719005744eb": " The unbalanced force", + "5737a7351c456719005744f1": " kinetic", + "5737a7351c456719005744f2": " potential", + "5737a7351c456719005744f3": " mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between kinetic or potential forms. This means that for a closed system, the net mechanical energy", + "5737a7351c456719005744f4": " difference in potential energy", + "5737a7351c456719005744f5": " potential field in the same way that the direction and amount of a flow of water can be considered to be an artifact of the contour map", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": " forces as being due to gradient of potentials", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": " gradient of potentials", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": " force model", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": " Nonconservative", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": " statistical mechanics", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": " nonconservative forces act to change the internal energies of the system", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": " macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": " Second law of thermodynamics", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": " nonconservative forces", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": " the kilogram", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": " aircraft weight", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": " the metric slug", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": " the metric slug", + "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": " the metric slug" }