diff --git "a/eval_predictions.json" "b/eval_predictions.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/eval_predictions.json" @@ -0,0 +1,10572 @@ +{ + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": " Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": " Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": " Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "golden anniversary\" with various gold-themed initiatives", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": " February 7, 2016", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": "Super Bowl 50", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": " Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": " February 7, 2016", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": " Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": " 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": " February 7, 2016", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": " Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": " February 7, 2016", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": " February 7, 2016", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": " Carolina Panthers", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": " Carolina Panthers", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": " Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56d600e31c85041400946eae": " 2015 season", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": " Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": " February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": "Super Bowl 50", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": " Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": " Cam Newton", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": " 15", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": " 1995", + "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": " Arizona Cardinals", + "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": " Cam Newton", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": " Cam Newton", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": " Cam Newton", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": " Panthers", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": " Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": " 20\u201318 in the AFC Championship Game. They joined the Patriots, Dallas Cowboys", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": " 20\u201318 in the AFC Championship Game. They joined the Patriots, Dallas Cowboys", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": " Cam Newton", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": " Cam Newton", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": " 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": " 20\u201318", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": " Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": " Cam Newton", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": " Cam Newton", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": " Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": " Cam Newton", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": " Broncos", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": " three turnovers", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": " Broncos", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": " Von Miller", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": " Von Miller", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": " seven times", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": " Von Miller", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": " three turnovers", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": " three turnovers", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": " Broncos", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": " three turnovers", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": " three turnovers", + "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": " Von Miller", + "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": " three turnovers", + "56d601e41c85041400946ece": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers", + "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": " three turnovers", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": " Von Miller", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": " Broncos", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": " three turnovers", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": " Von Miller", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": " three turnovers", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": "CBS", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": " $5 million", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": " the British rock group Coldplay", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": " the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": " $5 million", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": " the British rock group Coldplay", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": "CBS", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": " Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": "CBS", + "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": " $5 million", + "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": " the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": " Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d602631c85041400946ed8": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d602631c85041400946eda": " the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d602631c85041400946edb": " the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d602631c85041400946edc": " the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": " the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": " Roger Goodell", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": " Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\"", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": " 2012", + "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": " Commissioner Roger Goodell", + "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": " Roger Goodell", + "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": " Roger Goodell", + "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": " Roger Goodell", + "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": " Roger Goodell", + "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": " Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\"", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": " Roger Goodell", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": " 2012", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": " Sun Life Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", + "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": " three", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": " Sun Life Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": " three", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": " 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": " 2010", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": " 2010", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": " 1985", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": " 2010", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": " May 3, 2013", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": " 2010", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": " 2010", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": " in 2010", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": " Levi's Stadium", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": " 2010", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": " 2010", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": " Levi's Stadium. The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": " 2010. The San Francisco Bay Area last hosted in 1985", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": " Levi's Stadium", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": " May 21, 2013", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": " May 21, 2013", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": " $1.2 billion", + "56be5523acb8001400a50330": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": " May 21, 2013", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": " $1.2 billion", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": " May 21, 2013", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": " May 21, 2013", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": " May 21, 2013", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": " May 21, 2013", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX", + "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", + "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": " May 21, 2013", + "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": " May 21, 2013", + "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": " May 21, 2013", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": " May 21, 2013", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": " May 21, 2013", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": " May 21, 2013", + "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": " John Fox", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": " 15\u20131 record", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": " one loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15\u20131 record", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": " three years, having reached Super Bowl XLVIII", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": " John Fox", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": " one loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15\u20131 record", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": " one loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15\u20131 record", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": " one loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15\u20131 record", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": " one loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15\u20131 record", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": " one loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15\u20131 record", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": " John Fox", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": " longtime running back DeAngelo Williams", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": " 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978. Carolina started the season 14\u20130", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": " 1978", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": " 1978", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": " 15\u20131 regular season record", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": " 15 regular season games", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": " Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight All-Pro selections", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": " NFC team in NFL history, breaking the 13\u20130 record previously shared with the 2009 New Orleans Saints", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": " 1978", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": " 2009 New Orleans Saints", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": " NFC team in NFL history, breaking the 13\u20130 record previously shared with the 2009 New Orleans Saints", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": " a torn ACL", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": " Kelvin Benjamin", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": " longtime running back DeAngelo Williams", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": " 14\u20130", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": " Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight All-Pro selections", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": " 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978. Carolina started the season 14\u20130", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": " 1978", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": " NFC team in NFL history, breaking the 13\u20130 record previously shared with the 2009 New Orleans Saints", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": " Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight All-Pro selections", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": " 45 total touchdowns", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": " 45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing), a career-low 10 interceptions", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": " 27 punts", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": " Cam Newton", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": " Tolbert", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": " 99.4", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": " 45 total touchdowns", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": " Devin Funchess (31 receptions for 473 yards and five touchdowns), and second-year receiver Corey Brown", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": " Tolbert", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": " six Pro Bowl selections", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": " Cam Newton", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": " 3,837", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": " 45 total touchdowns", + "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": " 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns in 13 games, along with Pro Bowl fullback Mike Tolbert", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": " six", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": " 45 total touchdowns", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": " 45 total touchdowns", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": " 99.4", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": " Devin Funchess (31 receptions for 473 yards and five touchdowns), and second-year receiver Corey Brown", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": " 308", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": " 308", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": " 308", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": " just 308", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": " Kawann Short", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": " 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": " Kawann Short", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": " Kawann Short", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": " 308", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": " Kawann Short", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": " 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": " Kawann Short", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": " Kawann Short", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": " 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": " John Fox", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": " fasciitis injury", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": " coach John Fox", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": " coach John Fox", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": " Gary Kubiak", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": " Gary Kubiak", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": " coach John Fox", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": " 39", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": " the offensive line", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": " coach John Fox", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": " coach John Fox", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": " a plantar fasciitis injury", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": " 39", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": " 13\u20137 against the 4\u201311 San Diego Chargers", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": " John Fox", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": " a plantar fasciitis injury", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": " John Fox", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": " the offensive line", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": " coach John Fox", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": " 86.4", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": "967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4. Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": " 67", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": " 86.4", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": " 1,304", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": " 86.4", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": " 67", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": " Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns, while Emmanuel Sanders caught 76 passes", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": " 5\u00bd sacks", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": " 5\u00bd", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": " 7\u00bd sacks. Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": " 5\u00bd", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "Marcus Ware", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": " Cornerbacks Aqib Talib (three interceptions) and Chris Harris", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": " Malik Jackson", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": " 5\u00bd", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": " 5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": " Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": " 5\u00bd", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": " Malik Jackson", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": " Malik Jackson", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": " Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": " Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round, running up a 31\u20130 halftime lead", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": " Seattle Seahawks", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": " 31\u20130 halftime lead and then holding off a furious second half comeback attempt to win 31\u201324", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": " 49\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": " 31\u20130 halftime lead", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": " Seattle Seahawks", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": " Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game, 49\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": " seven turnovers", + "56d701280d65d214001982b8": " Seattle Seahawks", + "56d701280d65d214001982ba": " Seattle Seahawks", + "56d701280d65d214001982bc": " seven turnovers", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": " Seattle Seahawks", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": " 31\u20130 halftime lead and then holding off a furious second half comeback attempt to win 31\u201324", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": " Seattle Seahawks", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": " 31\u20130 halftime lead", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": " 23\u201316, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": " 11", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": " 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": " 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": " 23", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": " 23\u201316, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": " 11 points", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": " 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": " 23", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": " 23\u201316, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": " 23\u201316, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": " 23\u201316, by scoring 11", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": " 23", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": " Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": " a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": " suffered a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": "olina", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": " a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": " broken arm", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": "olina", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": " Super Bowl", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": " a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": " a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": " Super Bowl", + "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": " Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": " 39", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": " 39. The past record was held by John Elway", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": " Manning", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": " Manning", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": " Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": " Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "Peyton Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "Peyton Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": " Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": "Peyton Manning", + "56d704430d65d214001982de": " John Elway", + "56d704430d65d214001982e0": " 39", + "56d704430d65d214001982e1": " 39", + "56d704430d65d214001982e2": " John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": " Manning", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": " 39", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "Peyton Manning", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": " Von Miller for Denver", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": " Von Miller for Denver", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": " Von Miller for Denver", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": " 13 years and 48 days", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": " Von Miller for Denver", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": " Manning", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": " Manning", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": " Von Miller for Denver", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": " Von Miller for Denver", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": " Von Miller for Denver", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": " Manning", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": " Von Miller for Denver", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": " Von Miller for Denver", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": " Von Miller for Denver", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": " 13 years and 48 days", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": " Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": " Kubiak replacing Elway", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": " Kubiak replacing Elway", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": " Elway", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": " Rivera having been a linebacker with the Chicago Bears", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": " Kubiak replacing Elway", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": " Elway", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": " Kubiak replacing Elway", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": " Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": " collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": " the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": " Ed Mangan", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": " natural grass stadiums, the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": " natural grass stadiums, the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": " natural grass stadiums, the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": " natural grass stadiums, the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": " Justin Tucker", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": " natural grass stadiums, the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": " hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": " slipping during plays", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": " slipping during plays all throughout the game", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": " natural grass stadiums", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": " Pittsburgh Steelers", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": " Stanford University", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": " Stanford University", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": " the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": " Stanford University", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": " Stanford University", + "56d70d240d65d21400198326": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56d70d240d65d21400198327": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56d70d240d65d21400198328": " Stanford University", + "56d70d240d65d21400198329": " San Jose State practice facility", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": " San Jose State practice facility", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": " Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": " Stanford University", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": " Jaime Weston", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": " Jaime Weston", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": " Jaime Weston", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": " Jaime Weston", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": " Jaime Weston", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": " June 4, 2014", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": " Jaime Weston", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": " Jaime Weston", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": " \"L\"", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": " Jaime Weston", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": " \"L\"", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": " Jaime Weston", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": " \"L\"", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": " Jaime Weston", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": " Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": " June 4, 2014", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": " gold", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": "immed logos", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": " 50-yard line on fields was colored gold, and beginning on week 7, all sideline jackets and hats featured gold-trimmed logos", + "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": " colored gold, and beginning on week 7, all sideline jackets and hats featured gold-trimmed logos", + "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": " gold", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "Golden Super Bowl\"; gold-tinted logos", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": " \"homecoming\" events", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": " colored gold, and beginning on week 7, all sideline jackets and hats featured gold-trimmed logos", + "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": " gold-themed promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the \"Golden Super Bowl\"; gold-tinted logos", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": " Moscone Center in San Francisco", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": " San Francisco", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": " mayor Ed Lee", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": " mayor Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area \"they are going to have to leave\". San Francisco city supervisor Jane Kim", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": " January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": " 1 million", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": " mayor Ed Lee", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": " Moscone Center", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": " Experience", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": " Moscone Center in San Francisco", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": " The Embarcadero", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": " mayor Ed Lee", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": " Moscone Center", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": " 1 million", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": " 1 million", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": " 1 million", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": " NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": " $2 million", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": " beer, wine and food festival", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": " professional fundraiser", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": " Bellomy Field", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": " business sponsors and individual donors", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": " February 1, 2016", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": " February 1, 2016", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": " Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": " February 1, 2016", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": " February 1, 2016", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": " February 1, 2016", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": " February 1, 2016", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": " February 1, 2016", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center", + "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": " February 1, 2016", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": " Super Bowl Opening Night", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": " February 1, 2016", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": " Golden Gate Bridge", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": " February 1, 2016", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": " February 1, 2016", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": " February 1, 2016", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": " February 1, 2016", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": " $40 million", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": " $40 million", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": " Host Committee", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": " $40 million", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": " $40 million", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": " $40 million", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": " $40 million", + "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": " contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl.", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": " Host Committee", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": " $40 million", + "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": " Super Bowl 50", + "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": " 25 percent of all money it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": " 25", + "56d71d150d65d21400198370": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": " Vince Lombardi Trophy", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": " Tiffany & Co", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": " 33 lb (15 kg) for a total of 66", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": " Tiffany & Co", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": " Tiffany & Co", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": " Vince Lombardi Trophy", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": " Tiffany & Co", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": " Tiffany & Co", + "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": " Vince Lombardi Trophy", + "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": " Tiffany & Co", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": " Phil Simms", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": " Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the sidelines", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": " 36 cameras", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": " 5K resolution", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": " Phil Simms", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": " Evan Washburn", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": " EyeVision", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": " 5K resolution", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": " Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": " CBS", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": " Phil Simms", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": " Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": " Phil Simms", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": " 5K resolution", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": " Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": " ESPN Deportes", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": " John Sutcliffe", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": " Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre, and sideline reporter John Sutcliffe", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": " December 28, 2015", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": " Monday Night Football", + "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": " ESPN Deportes", + "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": " Monday Night Football", + "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": " John Sutcliffe", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": " ESPN Deportes", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": " Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": " John Sutcliffe", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": " NFL Mobile service", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": " WatchESPN", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": " ESPN Deportes", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": " ESPN Deportes", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": " ESPN Deportes", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": " ESPN Deportes", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": " ESPN Deportes", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": " ESPN Deportes", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": " ESPN Deportes", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": " ESPN Deportes", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": " Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": " ESPN Deportes", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": " ESPN Deportes", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": " WatchESPN", + "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198396": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198397": " Stephen Colbert following the game. Following a break for late local programming, CBS also aired a special episode of The Late Late Show with James Corden", + "56d720c70d65d21400198398": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": " $5,000,000", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": " Nintendo", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company also made their Super Bowl debut, promoting the 20th anniversary of the Pok\u00e9mon video game and media franchise", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": " $5,000", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": " The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": " Nintendo", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": " Nintendo", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": " The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": " Nintendo", + "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Small Business Big Game", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee beat out nine other contenders", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": "Books", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": " nine other contenders from across the United States", + "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": "QuickBooks", + "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": " nine", + "56d722330d65d214001983a6": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56d722330d65d214001983a7": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge", + "56d722330d65d214001983a8": " nine other contenders from across the United States", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "QuickBooks", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": " Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America: Civil War", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl. Fox paid for Deadpool", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": " The Secret Life of Pets and the debut trailer for Jason Bourne and Disney paid for Captain America: Civil War", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl. Fox paid for Deadpool", + "56d723560d65d214001983ac": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl. Fox paid for Deadpool", + "56d723560d65d214001983ad": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl", + "56d723560d65d214001983ae": " Jason Bourne", + "56d723560d65d214001983af": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": " Eddie the Eagle", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl. Fox paid for Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": " Lionsgate", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "Westwood One", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": " Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": " Jim Gray", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": " Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": " Kevin Harlan", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": " Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": " Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey on color commentary", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": " Dave Logan", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "1110 AM", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": " Chester, South Carolina", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": " Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey on color commentary", + "56d724620d65d214001983be": " Dave Logan", + "56d724620d65d214001983bf": " Dave Logan", + "56d724620d65d214001983c0": " WBT-FM", + "56d724620d65d214001983c1": " Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey on color commentary", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": " local play-by-play calls", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": " Dave Logan", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": " 5 Live Sports Extra will carry the contest. The BBC will carry its own British English broadcast, with Greg Brady", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": " 5 Live Sports Extra", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": " 5 Live Sports Extra", + "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": " 5 Live Sports", + "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": " Greg Brady", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": " 2001", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": " Marlee", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": " Lady Gaga", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": " Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language", + "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": " Gaga", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": " December 3", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": " Mars", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": " December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": " Mars", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": " Mark Ronson", + "56d725790d65d214001983d8": " Mars", + "56d725790d65d214001983da": " Coldplay", + "56d725790d65d214001983db": " Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": " British rock group Coldplay", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": " Pepsi", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": " Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": " Mars", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": " Andre Caldwell", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": " Andre Caldwell", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": " Andre Caldwell", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": " Andre Caldwell", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": " Andre Caldwell", + "56d728a10d65d21400198413": " Andre Caldwell", + "56d728a10d65d21400198414": " Thomas Davis tackled Anderson", + "56d728a10d65d21400198415": " Andre Caldwell", + "56d728a10d65d21400198416": " deficit", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": " Owen Daniels", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": " Andre Caldwell", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": " Andre Caldwell", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": " deficit", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": " Mike Carey", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": " Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": " Malik Jackson", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": " Malik Jackson recovered it in the end zone for a Broncos touchdown", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": " XXVIII", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": " Jerricho Cotchery", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": " Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld after a replay challenge. CBS analyst and retired referee Mike Carey", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": " Malik Jackson recovered it in the end zone", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": " Malik Jackson recovered it in the end zone for a Broncos touchdown, giving the team a 10\u20130 lead.", + "56d728e00d65d21400198420": " 1993 season", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": " Mike Carey", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": " Malik Jackson", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": " Malik Jackson recovered it in the end zone for a Broncos touchdown", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": " Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXVIII", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": " Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10\u20137 with 11:28 left in the second quarter", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": " Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10\u20137 with 11:28 left in the second quarter", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": " 9", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": " 9", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": " 9", + "56d729180d65d21400198426": " 51 yards", + "56d729180d65d21400198427": " Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10\u20137 with 11:28 left in the second quarter", + "56d729180d65d21400198428": " Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10\u20137 with 11:28 left in the second quarter", + "56d729180d65d21400198429": " Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10\u20137 with 11:28 left in the second quarter", + "56d729180d65d2140019842a": " Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10\u20137 with 11:28 left in the second quarter", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": " Jonathan Stewart finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run, cutting the score to 10\u20137 with 11:28 left in the second quarter", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": " Mike Tolbert", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": " DeMarcus Ware", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": " 19", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": " DeMarcus Ware", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": " Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": " Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": " Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": " Devin Funchess", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": " Devin Funchess", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": " Devin Funchess", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": " Devin Funchess and a 12-yard run by Stewart", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": " Devin Funchess", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": " Devin Funchess", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": " Devin Funchess", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": " punts", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": " Devin Funchess", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": " Devin Funchess", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": " Devin Funchess", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": " Devin Funchess", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": " Josh Norman", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": " 4", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": " 4:51 left in regulation", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": " Anderson", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": " 4", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": " 13 of 23", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": " 13 of 23", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": " 13 of 23", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": " 13 of 23", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": " 13 of 23", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": " 13 of 23", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": " 13 of 23", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": " Charles Johnson", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": " Charles Johnson", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": " 13 of 23", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": " Sanders was his top receiver with six receptions for 83 yards. Anderson", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": " Charles Johnson had four total tackles, a sack, and a forced fumble. Linebacker Luke Kuechly", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": " 13 of 23", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": " 13 of 23", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": " 13 of 23", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": "315", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "21", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": " Baltimore Ravens", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": " Super Bowl at age 39", + "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": "315", + "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "21", + "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": " Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX. Kony Ealy", + "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": " seven sacks tied a Super Bowl record set by the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX. Kony Ealy", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": "21", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "21", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": " Denver won despite being massively outgained in total yards (315 to 194) and first downs (21", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": " Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX. Kony Ealy", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": " Super Bowl at age 39", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": " Casimir Pulaski", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": " 1745", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": " Casimir Pulaski", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": " seven months old", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": " peacocks", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": " Monument of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": " peacocks", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": " peacocks and pheasants", + "57336755d058e614000b5a40": " peacocks", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": " 15 kilometres (9 miles) from Warsaw, the Vistula river's environment changes strikingly and features a perfectly preserved ecosystem", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": " otter", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw \u2013 among others, Bielany Forest", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": " 13", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": " only a few are permanent \u2013 the majority are emptied before winter to clean them of plants and sediments", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": " foreign-born inhabitants", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": " 833", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": " 219,000", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": " foreign-born inhabitants. In addition to the Polish majority, there was a significant Jewish minority", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": " internal migration and urbanisation", + "57339555d058e614000b5df4": " University of Warsaw", + "57339555d058e614000b5df5": " 2,000", + "57339555d058e614000b5df6": " University of Warsaw", + "57339555d058e614000b5df3": " 1816", + "57339555d058e614000b5df7": " University of Warsaw", + "57339902d058e614000b5e70": " 1816", + "57339902d058e614000b5e71": " two million", + "57339902d058e614000b5e72": " University Library", + "57339902d058e614000b5e73": " Irena Bajerska", + "57339902d058e614000b5e74": " 10,000 m2", + "573399b54776f41900660e64": " foreign investment as well as funding from the European Union", + "573399b54776f41900660e65": " the opposite. However, over the past decade Warsaw has seen many improvements due to solid economic growth", + "573399b54776f41900660e66": " solid economic growth", + "573399b54776f41900660e67": " improved markedly", + "57339a554776f41900660e74": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", + "57339a554776f41900660e75": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", + "57339a554776f41900660e76": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", + "57339a554776f41900660e77": " 700 beds", + "57339a554776f41900660e78": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", + "57339ad74776f41900660e86": " International Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin Piano Competition", + "57339ad74776f41900660e87": " International Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin Piano Competition", + "57339ad74776f41900660e88": " Palace of Culture", + "57339ad74776f41900660e89": " International Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin Piano Competition", + "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": " International Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin Piano Competition", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": " Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "22", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": " 1870 to 1939", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": " Leon Schiller's musical theatre Melodram. The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": " Leon Schiller's musical theatre Melodram. The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": " The city council organize concerts and other events. Each Midsummer\u2019s Eve", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": " Each Midsummer\u2019s Eve", + "57339dd94776f41900660ece": " Each Midsummer\u2019s Eve", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": " married", + "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "idsummer\u2019s Eve, apart from the official floating of wreaths, jumping over fires, looking for the fern flower", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": " art posters", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": " 60", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": " Posters", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": " Adolf Hitler's private collection, and Museum of the Polish Army", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": " arms", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": " Uprising Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": " Uprising Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": " Uprising", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": " Uprising", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": " 60 rooms", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": " Zach\u0119ta National Gallery", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": " 500 projects a year", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": " Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": " Polish and international artists", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": " 17th century", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": " Polonia Warsaw", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": " Ekstraklasa Championship", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": " Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": " Konwiktorska Street", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": " their disastrous financial situation", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": " upper body and holding a sword in its claws", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": " mermaid", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": " 1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": " 1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": " sword", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": " Warszowa, where fishermen came to admire her beauty and listen to her beautiful voice. A greedy merchant", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": " the depths of the oceans", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": " Denmark", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": " Warszowa", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": " Vistula River", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": " Warsaw. She was born Maria G\u00f3rska", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "usz \u0141empicki", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": " Nathan Alterman", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": " Israeli poet, was born in Warsaw, as was Moshe Vilens", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": " Isaac Bashevis Singer", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": " Frontex", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": " Central Europe", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": " FMCG", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": " Frontex", + "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": " Economist Intelligence Unit", + "5733140a4776f419006606e0": " 1313", + "5733140a4776f419006606e1": " Vilnius", + "5733140a4776f419006606e2": " King Sigismund III", + "5733140a4776f419006606e3": " 1313", + "5733140a4776f419006606e4": " wars", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": " Roman Catholic archdiocese (left bank of the Vistula", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": " the Polish Academy of Sciences", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": " UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": " St. John's Cathedral", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": " luxurious parks", + "57332442d058e614000b5720": " Warszawa", + "57332442d058e614000b5721": " A native or resident of Warsaw is known as a Varsovian \u2013 in Polish warszawi", + "57332442d058e614000b5722": " Wars, and his wife, Sawa", + "57332442d058e614000b5723": " fisherman, Wars, and his wife, Sawa", + "57332442d058e614000b5724": " miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", + "57332562d058e614000b5730": " a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village", + "57332562d058e614000b5731": " Warszowa", + "57332562d058e614000b5732": " Warszowa", + "57332562d058e614000b5733": " 1413", + "57332562d058e614000b5734": " 1526", + "5733266d4776f41900660712": " General Sejm, permanent from 1569. In 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation", + "5733266d4776f41900660713": " 1569. In 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation", + "5733266d4776f41900660714": " religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth", + "5733266d4776f41900660715": " Crown of the Kingdom of Poland when King Sigismund III", + "5733266d4776f41900660716": " 1529", + "57332a734776f41900660726": " 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia", + "57332a734776f41900660727": " South Prussia", + "57332a734776f41900660728": "Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", + "57332a734776f41900660729": " South Prussia", + "57332a734776f4190066072a": " in 1816", + "57332b66d058e614000b5758": " 4 August 1915 until November 1918", + "57332b66d058e614000b5759": " areas controlled by Russia", + "57332b66d058e614000b575a": " the Second Polish Republic", + "57332b66d058e614000b575b": " 1920", + "57332b66d058e614000b575c": " Germany", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": " 1 September 1939", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": " a German Nazi colonial administration", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": " 30%", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": " 19 April 1943", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": " 1 September 1939", + "57332e48d058e614000b5762": " Warsaw Uprising", + "57332e48d058e614000b5763": " the Germans", + "57332e48d058e614000b5764": " The armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours", + "57332e48d058e614000b5765": " July 1944", + "57332e48d058e614000b5766": " at between 150,000 and 200,000", + "57332f81d058e614000b5776": " the conquering Soviets", + "57332f81d058e614000b5777": " housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city", + "57332f81d058e614000b5778": " Eastern Bloc city", + "57332f81d058e614000b5779": " Poland", + "57332f81d058e614000b577a": " UNESCO's World Heritage list", + "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", + "573330444776f41900660759": " the budding solidarity movement and encouraged the growing anti-communist fervor", + "573330444776f4190066075a": " than a year after becoming pope, John Paul celebrated Mass in Victory Square in Warsaw", + "573330444776f4190066075b": " Victory Square", + "573330444776f4190066075c": " democratic changes", + "5733314e4776f4190066076a": " 300 km", + "5733314e4776f4190066076b": " 300 km", + "5733314e4776f4190066076c": " Vistula", + "5733314e4776f4190066076d": " 115.7 metres", + "5733314e4776f4190066076e": " 115.7 metres", + "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": " two main geomorphologic formations: the plain moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": " two main geomorphologic formations: the plain moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": " two main geomorphologic formations: the plain moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": " left and right", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": " Escarpment", + "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": " few natural and artificial ponds", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "flooded as well as former flooded once) and only small part and not so visible moraine escarpment", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": " valleys and ground depressions", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": " peat swamps", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", + "57335fcad058e614000b5970": " the turbulent history of the city and country", + "57335fcad058e614000b5971": " bombing raids and planned destruction", + "57335fcad058e614000b5972": " PRL", + "57335fcad058e614000b5973": " Leopold Kronenberg Palace", + "57335fcad058e614000b5974": " basic design typical of Eastern bloc", + "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic architecture is represented in the majestic churches but also at the burgher houses", + "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", + "573361404776f4190066093e": " Masovian gothic style", + "573361404776f4190066093f": " Negro\"", + "573361404776f41900660940": "1596", + "573362b94776f41900660974": " noble palaces and churches during the later decades of the 17th century", + "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692", + "573362b94776f41900660976": " Krasi\u0144ski Palace", + "573362b94776f41900660977": " neoclassical architecture in Warsaw can be described by the simplicity of the geometrical forms", + "573362b94776f41900660978": " 1775", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": " Rosja building) or they were rebuilt in socialist realism style", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": " bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities after the war (like mentioned Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": " Rosja building) or they were rebuilt in socialist realism style (like Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier", + "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": " Praga district", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": " University of Technology", + "5733647e4776f419006609ae": " Pawiak", + "5733647e4776f419006609af": " Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory", + "5733647e4776f419006609b0": " Citadel", + "5733647e4776f419006609b1": " the children who served as messengers", + "5733647e4776f419006609b2": " Little Insurgent", + "573368044776f41900660a29": " green", + "573368044776f41900660a2a": " New Orangery", + "573368044776f41900660a2b": " airport", + "573368044776f41900660a2c": " Sejm and John Lennon street), Park of Culture", + "573368044776f41900660a2d": " 1865", + "573368e54776f41900660a53": " arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a54": " Masovian Primeval Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a55": " Masovian Primeval Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a56": " arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a57": " arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": " 420,000", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": " 420,000", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "51", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": " better only because they lived in the capital", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": " residency registration", + "57338007d058e614000b5bda": " 56.2% were Catholics", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": " 56.2% were Catholics", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": " 56.2% were Catholics", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": " 711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", + "57338007d058e614000b5bde": " the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944", + "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": " a commune", + "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": " a commune", + "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": " counties", + "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": " a unicameral Warsaw City Council", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": " 60 members", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": " 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": " committees", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": " two-thirds majority vote", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": " President", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": " Jan Andrzej Menich (1695", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": " Jan Andrzej Menich (1695", + "57338255d058e614000b5c10": " the City council", + "57338255d058e614000b5c11": " Centrum", + "573382d24776f41900660c37": "Warsaw, especially its city centre (\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", + "573382d24776f41900660c38": " 304,016", + "573382d24776f41900660c39": "Card Emerging Market Index", + "573382d24776f41900660c3a": " 305.1%", + "573382d24776f41900660c3b": " 191.766 billion", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": " 1817 and continued trading until World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": " 374 companies", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": " World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": " 374 companies listed and total capitalization of 162 584 mln EUR", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": " Polish United Workers' Party", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": " Daewoo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": " Daewoo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": " Daewoo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": " Daewoo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": " AvtoZAZ, a Ukrainian car manufacturer which assembled there the Chevrolet Aveo. The license for the production of the Aveo expired in February 2011", + "573166ede6313a140071cef2": " 1.740 million", + "573166ede6313a140071cef3": " 1.740 million", + "573166ede6313a140071cef4": " Vistula River", + "573166ede6313a140071cef5": " 2.666 million", + "573166ede6313a140071cef6": " 1.740 million", + "5732b6b5328d981900602021": " 1.740 million", + "5732b6b5328d981900602022": " Vistula River", + "5732b6b5328d981900602023": " 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.740 million", + "5732b6b5328d981900602024": " 2.666 million", + "5732b6b5328d981900602025": " 1.740 million", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": " Normans", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "Norman: Nourmands", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": " Normans", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "The Normans", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": " the first half of the 10th century", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": " William the Conqueror", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": " French crown", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": " Duchy of Normandy", + "56dde0379a695914005b9636": " Low Franconian Nortmann", + "56dde0379a695914005b9637": " 9th century", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": " the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": " between King Charles III of West Francia and the famed Viking ruler Rollo", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": " Seine", + "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": " colonies", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": " Rollo's Vikings and their Frankish wives would replace the Norse religion and Old Norse language with Catholicism", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "Norman\" culture in the north", + "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": " fighting horsemen", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": " William of Apulia", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": " Archangel Michael", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": " William of Apulia", + "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": " Drogo", + "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": " Hauteville", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": " 1194, when it was transferred to the House of Hohenstaufen", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": " 1130", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": " Squillace", + "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": " the Andalusian al-Idrisi for king Roger II", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "The Book of Roger\").", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": " a unique government", + "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": " the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": " Alexius Komnenos", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": " Roussel de Bailleul", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": " Byzantine general Alexius Komnenos", + "56de10b44396321400ee2593": " Oursel", + "56de10b44396321400ee2594": " Philaretus Brachamius were Normans\u2014formerly of Oursel\u2014led by Raimbaud", + "56de10b44396321400ee2595": " Oursel", + "56de11154396321400ee25aa": " Norman mercenary origin during the period of the Comnenian Restoration", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "achium, Valona, and Butrint", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "achium was betrayed to the Normans", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": " 30,000", + "56de15104396321400ee25b7": " the Byzantines in the city of Deabolis", + "56de15104396321400ee25b8": " Valona", + "56de15104396321400ee25b9": " Deabolis", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": " Adriatic", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": " Adriatic\u2014fell again to Byzantine hands", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": " Duke Richard II of Normandy", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": " Duke Richard II of Normandy", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": " Normandy in 1013", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": " Normandy in 1013, when he was forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": " Harthacnut", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": " Harthacnut", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": " Harthacnut", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": " Duke William II of Normandy", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": " Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": " 1066", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": " The nobility", + "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": " Latin language, something that was the subject of some humour by Geoffrey Chaucer", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": " 1169", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": " a profound effect on Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": " Norman", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": " Edgar Atheling", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": " Malcolm III", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": " 1072", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": " Edgar Atheling", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": " Sybilla of Normandy", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Normans came into Scotland, building castles and founding noble families who would provide some future kings, such as Robert the Bruce", + "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": " Hereford", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": " Edward the Confessor", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": " Edward the Confessor", + "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": " William's most trusted Norman barons, including Bernard de Neufmarch", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": " 1064", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": " William of Montreuil", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "ancred was instrumental in the conquest of Jerusalem", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": " Tancred with an army of Italo-Normans. Bohemond was the de facto leader of the Crusade during its passage through Asia Minor", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": " Jerusalem", + "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": " for the following 380 years", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": " Acre. But a storm dispersed the fleet", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": " Berengaria was anchored on the south coast of Cyprus", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": " 1191", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": " Richard the Lion-hearted", + "56de40da4396321400ee2708": " Conrad", + "56de40da4396321400ee2709": " silver chains", + "56de40da4396321400ee270a": " Guy de Lusignan", + "56de41504396321400ee2714": " Berengaria Queen of England", + "56de41504396321400ee2715": " 12 May 1191", + "56de41504396321400ee2716": " coronation: Richard caused himself to be crowned King of Cyprus", + "56de48f34396321400ee2770": " the island, which remained a Christian stronghold until the fall of Famagusta in 1571", + "56de48f34396321400ee2771": " Guy de Lusignan", + "56de49564396321400ee277a": " Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro off the Atlantic coast of Africa", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": " Henry III", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": " Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": " Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", + "56de4a474396321400ee2786": " Channel Islands", + "56de4a474396321400ee2787": " Normandy", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": " new stage in the architectural history of the regions they subdued. They spread a unique Romanesque idiom to England and Italy", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": " arches, particularly over windows", + "56de4b074396321400ee2793": " Norman-Arab architecture", + "56de4b074396321400ee2794": " Normans incorporated elements of Islamic, Lombard, and Byzantine building techniques into their own, initiating a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture", + "56de4b074396321400ee2795": " the Kingdom of Sicily", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": " arts", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": " the dukes as a unifying force", + "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "The French Wars of Religion in the 16th century", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "idery", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": " Bayeux Tapestry", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "estry but a work of embroidery. It was commissioned by Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", + "56de51244396321400ee27ef": " metalwork, such as capitals and baptismal fonts", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": " 11th century", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": " William of Volpiano", + "56de52614396321400ee27fb": " southern Italy", + "56de52614396321400ee27fc": " Sant'Eufemia", + "56de52614396321400ee27fd": " Guiscard and established a Latin monastery at Sant'Eufemia", + "56de52614396321400ee27fe": " singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy. Under the Norman abbot Robert de Grant", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": " 10 July 1856", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": "Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430; 10 July 1856", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": " 10 July 1856", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": " 10 July 1856", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": " 10 July 1856", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": "Nikola Tesla", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430; 10 July 1856", + "56df9ee138dc421700152108": " 1884", + "56df9ee138dc421700152109": " Thomas Edison", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": " George Westinghouse", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": " George Westinghouse", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": " wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": " mechanical oscillators/generators, electrical discharge tubes, and early X-ray imaging. He also built a wireless controlled boat", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": " Colorado", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": " Wardenclyffe Tower", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": " boat", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": " Wardenclyffe Tower", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "121,154 He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "121,154 He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": " 7 January 1943", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "mad scientist", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": "mad scientist\". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "121,154 He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": " SI unit of magnetic flux density", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": " 7 January 1943", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": " showmanship", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": " Croatia", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": " Milutin Tesla", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": " Milutin Tesla", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": " Milutin Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": " Milutin Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": " Milutin Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest. Tesla's mother, \u0110uka Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest. Tesla's mother, \u0110uka Tesla", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": " Milutin Tesla", + "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": " Dane and three sisters, Milka", + "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": " Dane and three sisters, Milka", + "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": " 1861", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": " Dane", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": " Dane and three sisters, Milka", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": " Milka", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": " Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": " Dane", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": " Martin Sekuli", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": " German, as it was a school within the Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": " integral calculus", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": " Martin Sekuli", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": " 1870", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": " 1870", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": " German", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": " 1873", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": " cholera", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": " nine months", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": ", in a moment of despair", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": ", in a moment of despair", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": " Smiljan", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": " 1873", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": " cholera", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": " nine months", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": " a moment of despair", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": " a moment of despair, promised to send him to the best engineering school if he recovered from the illness", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": " Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness.", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": " Mark Twain", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": " 1874", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": " Mark Twain", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": " Mark Twain", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": " Mark Twain", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": " Mark Twain", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": " Mark Twain", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": " 1875", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": " Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": " 1875", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": " grades for the last semester.", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": "technic in Graz, Austria", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": " Graz, Austria", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": " 1875", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": " killed through overwork. During his second year, Tesla came into conflict with Professor Poeschl over the Gramme dynamo", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": " Milutin", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": " Milutin", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": " Milutin", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": " Milutin", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": " Milutin Tesla went to Maribor to beg his son to return home, but Nikola refused. Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": " 1878", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": " Milutin", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": " Milutin", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": " draftsman", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": " Milutin Tesla went to Maribor to beg his son to return home, but Nikola refused. Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": " 60", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": " stroke", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": " Higher Real Gymnasium", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": " 24 March 1879", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": " Higher Real Gymnasium", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": " Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60 after contracting an unspecified illness (although some sources say that he died of a stroke", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": " Gospi\u0107 for Prague", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": " Charles-Ferdinand University", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": " Charles-Ferdinand University", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": " Charles-Ferdinand University", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": " Gospi\u0107 for Prague", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": " January 1880", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": " Charles-Ferdinand University", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": " Charles-Ferdinand University", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": " Budapest", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": " draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office instead. Within a few months, the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional and Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": " a telephone repeater", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": " draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office instead. Within a few months, the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional and Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": " 1881", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": " draftsman", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": " draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office instead. Within a few months, the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional and Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": " France", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": " 1882", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": " New York City", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": " Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": " Continental Edison Company", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": " Continental Edison Company", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": " 1882", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": " Thomas Edison", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": " lower east side", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": " \"Tesla, you don't understand our American humor.\":64 Instead, Edison offered a US$10 a week", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": " \"Tesla, you don't understand our American humor.\":64", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": " Edison Company", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": " \"Tesla, you don't understand our American humor.\":64", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor.\":64", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": " \"Tesla, you don't understand our American humor.\":64 Instead, Edison offered a US$10 a week", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": " Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": " Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": " Tesla and also had designs for dynamo electric machine", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": " little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "iless", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": " little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment and also seemed to think it was better to develop an electrical utility", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": " generated", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": " little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment and also seemed to think it was better to develop an electrical utility", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": " repair jobs and even as a ditch digger", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": " Tesla Electric Company", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": " the Tesla Electric Company", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": " Tesla Electric Company", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": " 89 Liberty Street", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": " Tesla Electric Company", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": " Tesla Electric Company", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": " Alfred S. Brown", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": " Liberty Street", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": " Tesla Electric Company", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": " induction motor", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": " May 1888", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": " commutator", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": " sparking and the high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing mechanical brushes", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": " simple self-starting design", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": " 1887", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": "One of the things Tesla developed at that laboratory in 1887 was an induction motor", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": " servicing and replacing mechanical brushes", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": " May 1888", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": " Galileo Ferraris", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": " 1888", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": " Galileo Ferraris", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": " American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE). Engineers working for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": " Martin", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": " Galileo Ferraris", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": " Electric & Manufacturing Company", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": " Ferraris", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": " Martin", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": " 1888", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": " $60,000", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": " Brown and Peck negotiated a licensing deal with George Westinghouse", + "56e05900231d4119001ac051": " Brown and Peck negotiated a licensing deal with George Westinghouse for Tesla's polyphase induction motor and transformer designs", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": " $60,000", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": " Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": " Brown and Peck", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": " DC traction motor", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": " DC traction motor", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": " DC traction motor", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": " DC traction motor", + "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": " DC traction motor", + "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": " DC traction motor", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "-called \"War of Currents,\" an electrical distribution battle being waged between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": " a competition between rival lighting systems", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": " General Electric", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": " General Electric", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": " General Electric", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": " General Electric", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": " General Electric", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": " General Electric", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": " General Electric", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": " George Westinghouse", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": " George Westinghouse", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": " Electric bid by one million dollars", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": " George Westinghouse", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": " George Westinghouse", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": " one million dollars", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": " George Westinghouse won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": " 1893", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": " AC power, as Westinghouse demonstrated the safety, reliability, and efficiency of a fully integrated alternating current system", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": " Richard Dean Adams", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": " Richard Dean", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": " Richard Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": " Richard Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": " Richard Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": " Richard Dean Adams", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": " 1893 Richard Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": " Richard Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "phased system would be the most reliable and that there was a Westinghouse system to light incandescent bulbs", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": " cash-strapped", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": " $216,000", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": " $", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": " $216,000", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": " J. P. Morgan", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": " $200,000", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": " $216,000", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": " 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": " 46 E. Houston Street", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": " 46 E. Houston Street, in New York. He lit electric lamps wirelessly", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": " 35", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": " age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": " American Institute of Electrical Engineers", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": " 1892 to 1894", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": " 1892 to 1894", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": " forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers) of the modern-day IEEE", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": " 1892 to 1894", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "Tesla served as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's December 1895 announcement of the discovery of x-rays\u2014when he tried to photograph Mark Twain", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": " Mark Twain", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": " high energy single terminal vacuum tube", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": " Tesla proceeded to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging, developing a high energy single terminal vacuum tube", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": " high energy single terminal vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "rays", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": " the Tesla Coil", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": " March 1896", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": " no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": " March", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": " longitudinal waves", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": " a lesser extent, by nitrous acid", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": " a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": " X-ray-producing devices", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": " force-free magnetic fields", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": " a lesser extent, by nitrous acid", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": " were longitudinal waves", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": " waves in plasmas", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": " a lesser extent, by nitrous acid", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": " Benjamin Lamme", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": " 1893", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": " Benjamin Lamme", + "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": " copper egg stand on end using a device he constructed known as the Egg of Columbus", + "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": " copper egg", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": " 11 July 1934", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": " sharp stinging pain where it entered his body, and again at the place where it passed out.\"", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": " a sharp stinging pain where it entered his body, and again at the place where it passed out.\"", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": " sharp stinging pain where it entered his body, and again at the place where it passed out.\" In comparing these particles with the bits", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": " Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the National Electric Light Association", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "Tesla's theories on the possibility of the transmission by radio waves", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": " Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the National Electric Light Association", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": " 1898, Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat\u2014which he dubbed \"teleautomaton\"\u2014to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": " little interest. Remote radio control", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": " Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat\u2014which he dubbed \"teleautomaton\"\u2014to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": " Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat\u2014which he dubbed \"teleautomaton\"\u2014to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": " monkey", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "In 1900", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": " 17 Tesla patents", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": " 1900", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": " Oliver Lodge", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": " Oliver Lodge", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": " 17 May 1899", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": " 1978 book Colorado Springs Notes, 1899", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": " 17 May 1899", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": " five inches", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": " atmospheric electricity", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": " waves during this time. The great distances and the nature of what Tesla was detecting from lightning storms confirmed his belief that the earth had a resonant frequency", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": " The great distances and the nature of what Tesla was detecting from lightning storms confirmed his belief that the earth had a resonant frequency", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": " lightning", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": " 135 feet long. Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": " 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": " 135 feet long. Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": " Cripple Creek, Colorado", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": " The Electrical Experimenter", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": " The Electrical Experimenter", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": " the powerful high frequency currents set up in them, and which caused heavy sparks to jump through the windings and destroy the insulation!\"", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": " jump through the windings and destroy the insulation!\"", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": " Mars", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": " Mars", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": " Mars", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": " Mars", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": " Mars", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": " $100,000", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": " $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": " John Jacob Astor IV invested $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": " John Jacob Astor IV", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": " 7 January 1900", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": " Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": " 7 January", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": " 1904", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": " trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": " Shoreham", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": " Shoreham", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": " Morgan to ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": " Morgan to ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": " Morgan to ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": " Marconi", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": " 187 feet", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "150 kilowatts", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": " 50th birthday", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": " 50th birthday", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine. During 1910\u20131911 at the Waterside Power Station", + "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer\" by Allan L. Benson", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer\" by Allan L. Benson", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": " World Today", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer\" by Allan L. Benson", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": " William H. Maxwell", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": " William H. Maxwell", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": " William H. Maxwell", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": " William H. Maxwell", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": " $20,000", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": " $20,000", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": " $20,000", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": " $20,000", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": " Edison Medal", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": " Electrical Experimenter", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": " fluorescent screen", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": " \u00c9mile Girardeau", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": " \u00c9mile Girardeau, who helped develop France's first radar system in the 1930s", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": " Thomas Edison", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": " 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": " 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": " 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", + "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": " of their animosity toward each other", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": " 38 possible bids in 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": " 38 possible bids in 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": " 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": " U.S. Patent 1,655,114", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": " $1,000.:251 Although the aircraft was probably impractical, it may be the earliest known design for what became the tiltrotor", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": " $1,000", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": " $1,000.:251 Although the aircraft was probably impractical, it may be the earliest known design for what became the tiltrotor", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": " $125 per month", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": " $125 per month", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": " $125 per month", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": " $125 per month", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": " mechanical energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance, a related new means of communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": " any terrestrial distance", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": " any terrestrial distance", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": " mineral deposits", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "In 1935, in an annual birthday celebration interview, Tesla announced a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": " question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid, only asking to be taken to his hotel via cab. Tesla was bedridden", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": " a doctor", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": " broken", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": " question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid, only asking to be taken to his hotel via cab. Tesla was bedridden", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": " question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid, only asking to be taken to his hotel via cab. Tesla was bedridden", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "peace ray\"", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": " Van de Graaff generator", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": "peace ray\" or death ray. Tesla described the weapon as capable of being used against ground-based infantry", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": "peace ray\"", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": " death ray", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": " experiment ... I have built, demonstrated and used it. Only a little time will pass before I can give it to the world.\"", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": " experiment ... I have built, demonstrated and used it. Only a little time will pass before I can give it to the world.\"", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": " experiment ... I have built, demonstrated and used it. Only a little time will pass before I can give it to the world.\"", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": " high voltage (by means akin to his magnifying transformer", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": " pass before I can give it to the world", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": " The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media, concerning charged particle beam weapons", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": " The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": " Belgrade", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": " Belgrade. It describes an open-ended vacuum tube with a gas jet seal that allows particles to exit, a method of charging particles to millions", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": " treatise is currently in the Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade. It describes an open-ended vacuum tube with a gas jet", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": " no danger that his invention could be stolen, for he had at no time committed any part of it to paper; the blueprint for the teleforce", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": " teleforce", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": " left empty-handed", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": " 86", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": " 7 January 1943", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": " Alice Monaghan", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": " age of 86, Tesla died alone in room 3327", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": " coronary thrombosis", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": " John G. Trump", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": " John G. Trump", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": " John G. Trump", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": " John G. Trump", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": " eulogy written by Slovene-American author Louis Adamic", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": " Louis Adamic", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": " 10 January", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": " 10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": " 10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia read a eulogy written by Slovene-American author Louis Adamic", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": " Belgrade", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": " Sava Kosanovi\u0107", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": " pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": " pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": " gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": " 300", + "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": " 278", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": " 278 patents issued to Tesla in 26 countries that have been accounted for. Many of Tesla's patents were in the United States, Britain, and Canada", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": "62", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": " exactly 8:10 p.m., at Delmonico", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": " exactly 8:10 p.m., at Delmonico", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": " 3:00 a.m", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": " eight o'clock ... He dined alone, except on the rare occasions when he would give a dinner to a group to meet his social obligations", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": " 8 to 10 miles", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": " exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": " exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day. He squished his toes one hundred times for each foot every night", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": " exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day. He squished his toes one hundred times for each foot every night", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": " Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": " Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": " one", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": " $2,000, including building a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal, to fix her broken wing", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": " $2,000", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": " $2,000, including building a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal, to fix her broken wing", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": " $2,000", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": " $2,000", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": " 142 pounds", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": " 6 feet 2 inches", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": " 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 142 pounds (64 kg), with almost no weight variance from 1888 to about 1926", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": "Tesla was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": " eight languages", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": " Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin.:282", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": " Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin.:282", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": " word", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": " eight languages", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": " Kenneth Swezey", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": " Kenneth Swezey", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": " Kenneth Swezey", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": " Kenneth Swezey", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": " journalist", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": " polite", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": " polite", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": " \"Sometimes I feel that by not marrying, I made too great a sacrifice to my work ...\"", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": " Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": " Robert Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": " social life, many people spoke very positively and admiringly of Tesla. Robert Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": " Robert Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": " Robert Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": " Francis Marion Crawford", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": " Francis Marion Crawford, Robert Underwood Johnson, Stanford White, Fritz Lowenstein, George Scherff, and Kenneth Swezey", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": " Mark Twain", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": " clothing", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "Tesla could be harsh at times and openly expressed disgust for overweight people, such as when he fired a secretary", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": "Tesla could be harsh at times and openly expressed disgust for overweight people", + "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": "Tesla could be harsh at times and openly expressed disgust for overweight people", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": " immutable", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": " immutable", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": " immutable", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": " 19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\"", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": " theories about the conversion of matter into energy.:247 He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "247 He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": " relativity", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": " gravity", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": " 1892", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": " curved space", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": " 81", + "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "ugenics", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": " a \"master race\" or inherent superiority of one person over another", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": " natural \"ruthless workings of nature,\" rather than from conceptions of a \"master race\" or inherent superiority of one person over another", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "Tesla, like many of his era, became a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": "Queen Bees", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": " 1926, Tesla commented on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": "Queen Bees", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": " post-World War I environment", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "20 December 1914", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "20 December 1914", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": " the League of Nations", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": " Orthodox Christian", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": " Orthodox Christian. Later in his life, he did not consider himself to be a \"believer in the orthodox sense,\" and opposed religious fanaticism", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": "believer in the orthodox sense,\" and opposed religious fanaticism. Despite this, he had a profound respect for both Buddhism and Christianity", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": " Tesla", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": " uncertain", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": " War", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": " a number", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": " My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by Ben Johnston", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": " Ben Johnston", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": " Nikola Tesla", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": " 1900", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": " Century Magazine in 1900", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": " a recurring theme in several types of science fiction", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": " a recurring theme in several types of science fiction", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": " a recurring theme in several types of science fiction", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": " 75th birthday in 1931", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": " 75th birthday in 1931", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": " 75th birthday in 1931", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": " Albert Einstein", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": " 75", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": " their inherent difficulty", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "Computational complexity theory", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used. The theory formalizes this intuition, by introducing mathematical models", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": " One of the roles of computational complexity theory is to determine the practical limits on what computers can and cannot do", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": " practical limits", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": " One of the roles of computational complexity theory is to determine the practical limits", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": " analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "Closely related fields in theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "Closely related fields in theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": " analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": " a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": " a problem refers to the abstract question to be solved. In contrast, an instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": " concrete utterance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": " every instance. The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": " a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": " 2000", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": " little use for solving other instances", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": " little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": ".e., the set {0,1}), and thus the strings are bitstrings", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": " binary alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": " a problem instance is a string over an alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": " other than bitstrings", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": " adjacency matrices", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": " formal language", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": " a special type of computational problem whose answer is either yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": " formal language, where the members of the language are instances whose output is yes", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": " either yes or no", + "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": " the set of all connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": " the set of all connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": " the set of all connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": " computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": " more complex", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": " computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": " computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": " every input, but the output is more complex", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": " decision problems", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": " decision problems. For example, the multiplication of two integers can be expressed as the set of triples", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "ity", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": " Complexity", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": " a function of the size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits. Complexity", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": " bits. Complexity", + "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": " increase in the input size", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": " a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": " maximum time taken over all inputs", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": " n. Since the time taken on different inputs of the same size can be different, the worst-case time complexity T", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": " T", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": " polynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be a polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": " a pencil and paper", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": " a mathematical model of a general computing machine. It is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "A Turing machine is a mathematical model of a general computing machine. It is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": " a pencil and paper", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": " extra supply of random bits", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": " future actions. A probabilistic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": " A non-deterministic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "ministic", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": " randomized algorithms", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": " complexity classes", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": " complexity classes", + "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": " deterministic Turing machines", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": " all these models have in common is that the machines operate deterministically", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": " all these models have in common is that the machines operate deterministically", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": " all these models have in common is that the machines operate deterministically", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "ministically", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": " little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": " more unusual resources", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": " little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": " unusual resources", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": " total number of state transitions", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": " some criteria", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": " deterministic Turing machine is then denoted by DTIME", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": " decision problem", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": " any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "alogous definitions", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": " Blum complexity axioms", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": " computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "alogous", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": " three", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": " deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": " O(n2)", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": " deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": " most efficient algorithm", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": " T(n)", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": " T(", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": " no algorithm can have time complexity lower", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": " T(", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": " big O notation, which hides constant factors", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "pper and lower bounds are usually stated using the big O notation, which hides constant factors", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": " O(", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": " hides constant factors", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": " a definition like the following", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": " complicated definitions", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": " definitions", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": " the chosen machine model", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": " quadratic time", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": " bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f(n)", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": " two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related\"", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": " bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f(n)", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": " decision problems", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm. Some important complexity classes of decision problems", + "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm. Some important complexity classes of decision problems", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": " BPP", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": " BPP", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": " BPP", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": " BPP", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": " BPP", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": " hierarchy theorems because they induce a proper hierarchy on the classes defined by constraining the respective resources", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": " bigger set of problems. In particular, although DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": " the answer to such questions is given by the time and space hierarchy", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": " a proper hierarchy on the classes defined by constraining the respective resources", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": " the answer to such questions is given by the time and space hierarchy", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": " time and space hierarchy", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": " strictly contained in EXPTIME", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": " time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": " a reduction", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": " one problem into another", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": " Cook reductions", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": " Cook reductions", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": " Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": " a polynomial", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": " more difficult than multiplication", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": " more difficult than multiplication", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": " polynomial-time reduction", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": " the problem of multiplying two integers", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": " the type", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": " X", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": " X", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": " A problem X is hard for a class of problems C", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": " most difficult problems", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": " P. Because the problem P = NP is not solved, being able to reduce a known NP-complete problem, \u03a02", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": " a known NP-complete problem, \u03a02, to another problem, \u03a01", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": " \u03a02", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": " P", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": " modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm. This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": " P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": " many problems that people would like to solve efficiently, but for which no efficient algorithm is known, such as the Boolean satisfiability problem", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": " NP", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": " more efficient solutions", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": " Millennium Prize Problems", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": " Millennium Prize Problems", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": " exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": " NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": " graph isomorphism", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": " NP-complete. If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": " NP-complete. If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": " the polynomial time hierarchy", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": " second level", + "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": " NP-complete. If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": " NP and in co-NP", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": " NP and in co-NP", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": " NP and in co-NP", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": " the general number field sieve", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": " class. Proving that any of these classes are unequal", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": " class. Proving that any of these classes are unequal", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": " class", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": " collapse to one class. Proving that any of these classes are unequal", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": " co-NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": " co-NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": " complement problems", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": " complement", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": " complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": " complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": " complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": " NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": " NC", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": " intractable problems", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": " more than the smallest inputs", + "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": " the NP-complete", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": " Presburger", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": " open to debate", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": " open to debate", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": " sizes", + "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": " intractability", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": " foundations were laid out by various researchers. Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": " foundations were laid out by various researchers. Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": " Turing machines by Alan Turing in 1936", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": " 1936", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": " Alan Turing", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": " Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": " Juris Hartman", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "2003", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": " Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965), which laid out the definitions of time and space complexity", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "2003", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": " Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets (1961), as well as Hisao Yamada", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": " Trakhtenbrot", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": " input encoding", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": " transformed into each other efficiently", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": " Leonid Levin", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": " speed-up theorem", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": " \"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": " 21 diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems, each infamous for its computational intractability, are NP-complete", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": " the curriculum", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": " a lesson plan", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": " university", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": " a lesson plan", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": " school or other place of formal education", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": " cultures", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": " arts", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures. Teachers may provide instruction in literacy", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": " formal education", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": " formal education", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": " formal education", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": " family member, or by anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": " a teacher occupying a transient or ongoing role, such as a family member, or by anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": " gurus", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "igious and spiritual", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": " gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas, may teach religious texts such as the Quran", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "igious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": " homeschooling", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": " homeschooling, or in the wider community. Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": " homeschooling", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": " homeschooling", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "aching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": " school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities. In some education systems, teachers may have responsibility for student discipline", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": " professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching. Outside of the classroom", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": " professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching. Outside of the classroom", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": " teacher", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": " colleges", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": " public interest", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": " the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": " State Board of Education, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the State Education Agency or other governmental bodies. In still other areas Teaching Unions", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": " State Board of Education, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the State Education Agency or other governmental bodies. In still other areas Teaching Unions", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": " college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": " State Board of Education, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the State Education Agency or other governmental bodies. In still other areas Teaching Unions", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": " State Board of Education, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the State Education Agency or other governmental bodies. In still other areas Teaching Unions", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": " education, teachers facilitate student learning, often in a school or academy or perhaps in another environment such as outdoors. A teacher who teaches on an individual basis", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": " education, teachers facilitate student learning, often in a school or academy or perhaps in another environment such as outdoors. A teacher who teaches on an individual basis", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": " education, teachers facilitate student learning, often in a school or academy or perhaps in another environment such as outdoors. A teacher who teaches on an individual basis", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": " A teacher who teaches on an individual basis", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": " a course of study and lesson plan that teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": " a course of study and lesson plan that teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": " a course of study and lesson plan that teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": " a course of study and lesson plan that teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": " Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": " A teacher", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": " A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": " A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority. The teacher may interact with students of different ages", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": " The teacher may interact with students of different ages, from infants to adults, students with different abilities and students with learning disabilities", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": " standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": " a pedagogy of teaching styles. Second, the pedagogy of the learners comes into play when a teacher assesses the pedagogic diversity", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "study", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": " a pedagogy of teaching styles. Second, the pedagogy of the learners comes into play when a teacher assesses the pedagogic diversity", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": " a pedagogy of teaching styles. Second, the pedagogy of the learners comes into play when a teacher assesses the pedagogic diversity", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": " coach", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": " the relationship between teachers and children", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": " their teachers tends to be closer in the primary school where they act as form tutor, specialist teacher and surrogate parent", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": " their teachers tends to be closer in the primary school where they act as form tutor, specialist teacher and surrogate parent", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": " their teachers tends to be closer in the primary school where they act as form tutor, specialist teacher and surrogate parent", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": " their teachers tends to be closer in the primary school where they act as form tutor, specialist teacher and surrogate parent", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "atoon\" system", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": "atoon\" system", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": " a strong sense of security by staying with the same group of peers", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": "\" system", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "atoon\"", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": " two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": " every student in the classroom", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": " a social networking support", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": " every student in the classroom", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": " a social networking support", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": " corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": " substitute parent", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": " corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": " a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": " substitute parent", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": " school discipline", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it, but it remains lawful in the United States", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": " States", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it, but it remains lawful in the United States", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it, but it remains lawful in the United States", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": " South", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": " the seat of the student's trousers or skirt", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": " public schools", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": " the seat of the student's trousers or skirt", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": " privately in the principal's office", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": " schools", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": " schools in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": " School corporal punishment", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": " schools", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": " schools", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": " school at a given time in the school day", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": " work, write lines or a punishment essay", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": " a punishment essay", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": " Positive reinforcement", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": " immediate and fair punishment", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": " Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior and firm, clear boundaries define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior. Teachers", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": " Positive reinforcement", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": " respect their students; sarcasm", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": " school discipline", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": " East Asia", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": " school discipline", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "ive and confrontational style", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": " East Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries. In Japan", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": "ageable and do not enforce discipline at all", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": " East Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries. In Japan", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": " in practice many teachers find the students unmanageable and do not enforce discipline at all.", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": " 40 to 50 students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": " concentration and focus on what is being taught", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": " motivated students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": " attention-seeking", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": " 40 to 50 students", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": " a school that has good, clear laws", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": " laws, fairly and democratically passed by the entire school community, and a good judicial system", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": " community as a whole, thence the school atmosphere is one of persuasion and negotiation", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": " democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": " a good judicial system", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": " a positive learning experience", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": " a positive learning experience", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": " teach by rote", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": " higher than teachers who didn't show much enthusiasm", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": " intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": " read lecture material", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": " enthusiasm can lead to students who are more likely to be engaged, interested, energetic, and curious", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": " college students", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": " college students has shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm, such as demonstrative gesturing", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": "etermined", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": " a student's interest by the variety, novelty, and surprise of the enthusiastic teacher's presentation of the material. Finally, the concept of emotional contagion", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": " Enthusiastic teachers may also lead to students becoming more self-determined in their own learning process. The concept of mere exposure", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": " Enthusiastic teachers may also lead to students becoming more self-determined in their own learning process. The concept of mere exposure", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": " relationships", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": " student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": " A teacher must guide his student in aligning his personal goals with his academic goals. Students who receive this positive influence show stronger self-confidence", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": " aligning his personal goals with his academic goals", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": " A teacher must guide his student in aligning his personal goals with his academic goals. Students who receive this positive influence show stronger self-confidence", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": " these teachers. Teachers that spend more time interacting and working directly with students", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": " friendly and supportive", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": " with students", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": " stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": " the ability to be very influential", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": " enthusiastic about the subject matter they are teaching. For example, a teacher talking about chemistry", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": " excitement in the student as well. An enthusiastic teacher has the ability to be very influential", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": " the ability to be very influential", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": " enthusiastic teacher has the ability to be very influential", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": " teachers", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": " 9.6%", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "Misconduct by teachers", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": " 9.6%", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": " teachers", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": " any professional, a group that included priests, religious leaders, and case workers", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": " fourteen types of sexual harassment and various degrees of frequency and included only abuses by teachers", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": " fourteen types of sexual harassment and various degrees of frequency and included only abuses by teachers", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": " 80,000 schools to create a stratified two-stage sample design of 2,065", + "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": " Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letour", + "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": " teacher misconduct", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": " the profession. This has in some jurisdictions reportedly led to a shortage of male teachers", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": " National Association of Schoolmasters", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": " a shortage of male teachers", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": " sex offenders register", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": " Stress can be caused by organizational change, relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": " inspections", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": " occupational burnout", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": " Stress can be caused by organizational change, relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": " Stress can be caused by organizational change, relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": " 42%", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": " 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": " 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": " depression", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": " 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": " Individual-level interventions", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": " promotions", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": " promotions and bonuses, may be effective in helping to reduce occupational stress among teachers", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": " promotions", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": " university or college", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": " school. In many countries, elementary school education certificate", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": " adult further learning institutions", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": " background check", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": " adult further learning institutions", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": " the individual states and territories", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": " three-tier model which includes primary education", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": " three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools)", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "Education in Australia", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": " three-tier model which includes primary education", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": " public school which is funded by the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": " public school which is funded by the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": " the private sector", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": " civil servants recruited in special university classes, called Lehramtstudien", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": " university classes, called Lehramtstudien", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": " Lehramtstudien", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": " Salaries for teachers depend on the civil servants' salary index", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": " Lehramtstudien", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": " \u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423 for a teacher with 25 years service", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": " \u20ac27,814", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": " \u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423 for a teacher with 25 years service", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": " many years experience and several qualifications (M.A., H.Dip., etc.) could earn over \u20ac90,000", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": " Council; under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": " the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": " \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": " \u00a320,980 annually", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": " \u00a320,980 annually.[citation needed] Teachers in state schools", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": " \u00a320,980 annually.[citation needed] Teachers in state schools must have at least a bachelor's degree", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": " \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004 in September", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": " licensing programs", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": " school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": " geographic area", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": " school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": " secondary school teachers", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": " General Teaching Council", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": " Initial Teacher Education", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": " one of the seven Scottish Universities who offer these courses", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": " one of the seven Scottish Universities", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "Full Registration\" status", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": " April 2008", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": " \u00a320,427", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": " \u00a320,427", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": " \u00a334,566 and \u00a344,616", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": " unions", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": " Wales", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": " 22 per cent", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": " 22 per cent", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": " 22 per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction", + "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": " all age groups", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": " trade unions", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": " younger", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": " between 2005 and 2010", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": " A growing cause of concern are that attacks on teachers in Welsh schools which reached an all-time high between 2005 and 2010", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": " public schools", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": " three years, but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": " substitute/temporary teachers are generally not as rigorous as those for full-time professionals", + "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": " substitute/temporary teachers are generally not as rigorous as those for full-time professionals", + "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": " No Child Left Behind", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": " $46,000", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": " $46,000", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": " $46,000", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": " $39,259", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": " $46,000", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": " three major traditions - (Roman) Catholic, (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": " Christianity", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": " Priest or Confessor in Roman Catholicism", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": " three major traditions - (Roman) Catholic, (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant/Non-Denominational", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": " Aaronic priesthood", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": " husband", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": " Aaronic priesthood", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": " the father", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": " guru", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": "urus often exercising a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": " the lives of their disciples", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": " Hinduism", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": " Lama", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": " reborn", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": " Tulku", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": " Tulku", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": " Tulku", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": " legal verdicts upon matters of Islamic law in accordance with the teaching of one of the Four Schools of Jurisprudence", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": " Four Schools of Jurisprudence", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": " Sufism", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": " actions", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": " a Qutb", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": " German: [\u02c8ma\u0250\u032fti\u02d0n \u02c8l\u028at\u0250] ( listen); 10 November 1483", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": " 10 November 1483", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": " Catholic Church", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "Martin Luther", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": " Pope Leo X", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": " gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": " a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": " sacerdotalism", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": " a holy priesthood", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": " Tyndale Bible", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "vernacular", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "vernacular", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": " singing", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": " hymns influenced the development of singing in churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": " Hans Luder (or Ludher, later Luther) and his wife Margarethe (n\u00e9e Lindemann) on 10 November 1483", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": " Hans Luder (or Ludher, later Luther) and his wife Margarethe (n\u00e9e Lindemann) on 10 November 1483", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "Martin Luther", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": " Catholic the next morning on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": " lawyer", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": " 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": " beerhouse", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": " 1501, at the age of 19", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": " beerhouse", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": " 1505", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": " law school", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": " uncertainty", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": " Human beings could learn about God only through divine revelation", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": " everything himself", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": " God. Human beings could learn about God only through divine revelation", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": " death and divine judgment", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": " Luther", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": " sadness over the deaths of two friends", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": " two friends", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": " education", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": " Johann von Staupitz", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": " Johann von Staupitz", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": " Johann von Staupitz", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": " Johann von Staupitz", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": " a change of heart.", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": " von Staupitz, first dean of the newly founded University of Wittenberg", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": " 9 March 1508, and another bachelor's degree in the Sentences by Peter Lombard", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": " 1507", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": " 9 March 1508, and another bachelor's degree in the Sentences by Peter Lombard", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": " 9 March 1508, and another bachelor's degree in the Sentences by Peter Lombard", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": " 19 October 1512", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": " 19 October 1512", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": " Bible. He spent the rest of his career in this position at the University of Wittenberg", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": " 19 October 1512", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": "ology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": " the Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": " Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": " justification rather depends only on such faith as is active in charity", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": " as is active in charity", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": " justification rather depends only on such faith as is active in charity and good works (fides caritate formata).", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": " 31 October", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": " Albert of Mainz", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": " The Ninety-Five Theses", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": " scholarly objection to church practices", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": " Hans Hiller", + "56f80143aef2371900625d68": " Johann Tetzel", + "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "uther", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "uther", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "uther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": " alone to grant, those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": "He insisted that, since forgiveness was God's alone to grant, those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": "He insisted that, since forgiveness was God's alone to grant, those who claimed that indulgences absolved buyers", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": " Christians", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": " Christ", + "56f8046faef2371900625d71": " Tetzel", + "56f8046faef2371900625d72": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", + "56f8046faef2371900625d73": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", + "56f8046faef2371900625d74": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": " Philipp Melanchthon", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": " foundation in truth", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": " Philipp Melanchthon", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": " Philipp Melanchthon, though it is thought that he was not in Wittenberg", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": " G\u00f6tz Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", + "56f8074faef2371900625d79": " not until January 1518", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": " printing press", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": " Theses", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": " January 1518", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": " January 1518", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": " 1519", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": " Galatians", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": " Three", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": " 1520", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": " Nobility of the German Nation, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and On the Freedom", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": " justification", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": " terms such as penance and righteousness by the Catholic Church", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": " corrupt", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": " several of the central truths of Christianity", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": " justification", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": " God. This teaching by Luther was clearly expressed in his 1525 publication On the Bondage of the Will", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": " Desiderius", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": " a gift from God", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": " the Smalcald Articles", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": " Romans 1:17) lives by faith", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": " two points that became the foundation for the Reformation. His railing against the sale of indulgences", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": " two points that became the foundation for the Reformation. His railing against the sale of indulgences", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": " Reformation", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "uther", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magdeburg", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": " a papal dispensation", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz", + "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": " Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": " Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": " Imperial Diet was held.", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": " Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": " Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini", + "56f81393aef2371900625da9": " January 1519", + "56f81393aef2371900625daa": " to remain silent", + "56f81393aef2371900625dab": " public forum", + "56f81393aef2371900625dac": ":18 does not confer on popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture", + "56f81393aef2371900625dad": " Andreas Karlstadt", + "56f81537aef2371900625db3": " Pope Leo X on 3 January 1521", + "56f81537aef2371900625db4": " Pope Leo X", + "56f81537aef2371900625db5": " 15 June", + "56f81537aef2371900625db6": " Pope Leo X", + "56f81537aef2371900625db7": " 3 January 1521", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": " secular authorities", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": " a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": " estates", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": " Prince Frederick III", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": " the meeting", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": " Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": " Archbishop of Trier", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": " author", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": " the next day", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": " author", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": " Michael Mullett", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": " Michael Mullett", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": " Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": " \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": " \"May God help me\" only in later versions of the speech and not recorded in witness accounts of the proceedings. However, Mullett", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": " Mullett", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": " Mullett", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": " the more dramatic form of words", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": " Edict of Worms on 25 May 1521", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": " 25 May 1521", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": " 25 May 1521", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": " Edict of Worms on 25 May 1521", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": " Edict of Worms on 25 May 1521", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": " disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": " Frederick III", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": " Patmos\", Luther translated the New Testament from Greek into German", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": " Frederick III", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": " episcopates", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": " a sin", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": " sinners", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": " Melanchthon", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": " sinners", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": " a place where justice resides", + "56f84485aef2371900625f71": " 1521", + "56f84485aef2371900625f72": " gift", + "56f84485aef2371900625f73": " gift", + "56f84485aef2371900625f74": " confession", + "56f84485aef2371900625f75": " sin", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": " Little Horn in Daniel 8:9", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": " Little Horn in Daniel 8:9\u201312, 23\u201325. The antichrist", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": " Little Horn in Daniel 8:9", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": " Little Horn in Daniel 8:9", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": " Little Horn in Daniel 8:9\u201312, 23\u201325. The antichrist", + "56f84760aef2371900625f81": " Martin Luther", + "56f84760aef2371900625f82": " Martin Luther", + "56f84760aef2371900625f83": " Martin Luther", + "56f84760aef2371900625f84": " Martin Luther", + "56f84760aef2371900625f85": " Martin Luther to All Christians to Guard Against Insurrection", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": " March 1522", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": " core Christian values such as love, patience, charity, and freedom, and reminded the citizens to trust God's word rather than violence", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": " sermons", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "Invocavit Sermons", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": " core Christian values such as love, patience, charity, and freedom, and reminded the citizens to trust God's word rather than violence", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": " Wittenberg jurist Jerome Schurf", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": " Jerome Schurf", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "The effect of Luther's intervention was immediate. After the sixth sermon, the Wittenberg jurist Jerome Schurf wrote to the elector", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": " misguided people into the way of the truth.\"", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": " misguided people into the way of the truth", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": " conservative force within the Reformation", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": " Reformation", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": " Zwickau prophets", + "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": " unrest and violence", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": " reformers who threatened the new order by fomenting social unrest", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": " peasantry", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": " the German Peasants' War", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": " 1524", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": " Revolts broke out in Franconia, Swabia, and Thuringia in 1524, even drawing support from disaffected nobles", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": " upper classes", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": " temporal authorities", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": " a tour of Thuringia, he became enraged at the widespread burning of convents", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": "Luther sympathised with some of the peasants' grievances, as he showed in his response to the Twelve Articles", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": "Luther sympathised with some of the peasants' grievances, as he showed in his response to the Twelve Articles in May 1525", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": " rebels", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": " three grounds. First, in choosing violence over lawful submission", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": " violent actions of rebelling, robbing, and plundering", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": " God", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": " the Divine Right of Kings", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": " violent actions of rebelling, robbing, and plundering", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": "Without Luther's backing for the uprising, many rebels laid down their weapons; others felt betrayed. Their defeat by the Swabian League", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": " Luther's backing for the uprising, many rebels laid down their weapons; others felt betrayed. Their defeat by the Swabian League", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": " 15 May 1525", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": " 15 May 1525", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": " secular powers", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": " Katharina von Bora", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": " 26 years old", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": " 26 years old and Luther was 41 years old", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": " 13 June 1525", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": " wedding banquet", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": " 13 June 1525", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": " Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": " Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": " Melanchthon, who called it reckless. Luther had written to George Spalatin on 30 November 1524", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": " Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": " Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": " monastery, \"The Black Cloister", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": " John the Steadfast", + "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": " Hans \u2013 June 1526", + "56f8575aaef2371900626000": " \"My Katie is in all things so obliging and pleasing to me that I would not exchange my poverty for the riches of Croesus", + "56f8575aaef2371900626001": " boarders", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": " ministers", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": " two catechisms", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": " two catechisms", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": " two catechisms", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": " a theology of the cross", + "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": " Electorate", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": " Johannes Agricola", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": " Electorate", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": " John the Steadfast", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": " church government under the temporal sovereign", + "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": " unison setting of the Creed. To reach the simple people", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": " Latin Mass", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": " unison setting of the Creed. To reach the simple people", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": " liturgy", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": " unison setting of the Creed. To reach the simple people", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": "Luther and his colleagues introduced the new order of worship during their visitation of the Electorate of Saxony", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": " Electorate of Saxony", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": " pastoral care and Christian education", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": " Christian doctrine", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": " teaching", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": " catechism", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": " Ten Commandments", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": " Ten Commandments", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": " Ten Commandments", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": " Ten Commandments", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": " Small Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": " Small Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": " Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": " Small Catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": " hymns and his translation of the Bible", + "56f86966aef2371900626053": " three persons of the Trinity", + "56f86966aef2371900626054": " Salvation", + "56f86966aef2371900626055": " Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626056": " persons to be known", + "56f86966aef2371900626057": " Small Catechism", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": " 1522", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": "uther had published his German translation of the New Testament in 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": " 1534", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": " the word \"alone\" after \"faith\"", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": " the Law", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": " German spoken at the Saxon chancellery", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": "Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": " Bible accessible to everyday Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": " everyday Germans", + "56f86e91aef2371900626067": " German-language publications", + "56f86e91aef2371900626068": " Bible", + "56f86e91aef2371900626069": " William Tyndale", + "56f86e91aef237190062606a": " Lucas Cranach", + "56f86e91aef237190062606b": " William Tyndale's English Bible", + "56f87000aef2371900626071": " hymn-writer", + "56f87000aef2371900626072": " high art and folk music", + "56f87000aef2371900626073": " hymn-writer", + "56f87000aef2371900626074": " a lute", + "56f87000aef2371900626075": " waldzither that became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century", + "56f8720eaef237190062608f": " \"Ein neues Lied wir heben an\"", + "56f8720eaef2371900626090": " Heinrich Voes, the first individuals to be martyred by the Roman Catholic Church", + "56f8720eaef2371900626091": " \"Ein neues Lied wir heben an\"", + "56f8720eaef2371900626092": " John C. Messenger", + "56f8720eaef2371900626093": " John C. Messenger", + "56f87392aef2371900626099": " 1524", + "56f87392aef237190062609a": " a three-stanza confession of faith prefiguring Luther's 1529 three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed", + "56f87392aef237190062609b": " 1524", + "56f87392aef237190062609c": " 1524", + "56f87392aef237190062609d": " Trinitarian", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": " 1538", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": " 1538", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": " liturgical setting of the Lord's Prayer and as a means of examining candidates on specific catechism questions", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": " multiple revisions", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": " 1538 hymnic version", + "56f87760aef23719006260cc": " Erhart Hegenwalt", + "56f87760aef23719006260cd": " Psalm 130", + "56f87760aef23719006260ce": " Psalm 130 and sent it as a sample to encourage evangelical colleagues to write psalm-hymns", + "56f87760aef23719006260cf": " Psalm 130", + "56f87760aef23719006260d0": " Psalm 130", + "56f879bdaef23719006260de": " Ten Commandments", + "56f879bdaef23719006260df": " Ten Commandments", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": " Advent. He transformed A solus ortus cardine", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "We should now praise Christ\") and Veni Creator Spiritus to \"Komm, Gott Sch\u00f6pfer", + "56f87e95aef237190062610a": " 1541 hymn \"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam\" (\"To Jordan came the Christ our Lord\")", + "56f87e95aef237190062610b": " 1541 hymn \"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam\"", + "56f87e95aef237190062610c": " prayer for grace", + "56f87e95aef237190062610d": " Preachers and composers of the 18th century, including J. S. Bach", + "56f87e95aef237190062610e": " 1541 hymn \"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam\" (\"To Jordan came the Christ our Lord\")", + "56f88025aef237190062611e": " four of eight songs", + "56f88025aef237190062611f": " four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch, 18 of 26", + "56f88025aef2371900626120": " four of eight", + "56f88025aef2371900626121": " four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch, 18 of 26", + "56f88025aef2371900626122": "uther's hymns", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": " Johann Sebastian Bach", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": " Christ lag in Todes Band", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "Luther's hymns inspired composers to write music. Johann Sebastian Bach", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "1724", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": " hymns inspired composers to write music. Johann Sebastian Bach", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": " sleeps after it is separated from the body", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": "ments", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": " sleeps after it is separated from the body", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": " one's personal identity", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": " graves", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": " Franz Pieper", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": " Franz Pieper", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": " Franz Pieper", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": " Franz Pieper", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": " Francis Blackburn", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": " Francis Blackburn", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": " Francis Blackburne in 1765", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": " Francis Blackburn", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": " dreams", + "56f88c37aef2371900626176": " October 1529", + "56f88c37aef2371900626177": " Landgrave", + "56f88c37aef2371900626178": " Colloquy, to establish doctrinal unity in the emerging Protestant states", + "56f88c37aef2371900626179": " fourteen points out of fifteen", + "56f88c37aef237190062617a": " Eucharist", + "56f88eafaef2371900626194": " \"This is my body which is for you\"", + "56f88eafaef2371900626195": " sacramental union", + "56f88eafaef2371900626196": " sacramental union", + "56f88eafaef2371900626197": ":23\u201326). Luther insisted on the Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ", + "56f88eafaef2371900626198": " confrontational", + "56f8907faef23719006261b2": " Marburg Colloquy", + "56f8907faef23719006261b3": " Schmalkaldic League", + "56f8907faef23719006261b4": " Schmalkaldic League", + "56f8907faef23719006261b5": " Augsburg Confession", + "56f8907faef23719006261b6": " Marburg", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": " honor the separate spheres of knowledge that each applies to. Bernhard Lohse", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": " honor the separate spheres of knowledge that each applies to. Bernhard Lohse", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": " honor the separate spheres of knowledge that each applies to. Bernhard Lohse", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": " honor the separate spheres of knowledge that each applies to. Bernhard Lohse", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": " the separate spheres of knowledge", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": " Reformation continued, Luther began to lose hope in large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": " Christianity", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": " the kind of venom he had already unleashed on the Anabaptists", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": " Reformation continued, Luther began to lose hope in large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": " sixteenth century Europe", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": " Christians", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": " Christians", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": " Christians by God, as agents of the Biblical apocalypse", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": " Roman Church. He consistently rejected the idea of a Holy War", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": "religious war", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": " Latin translation of the Qur'an", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": " Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam, which he called \"Mohammedanism\"", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "the Turk\". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": "Mohammedanism\" or \"the Turk\". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": "'an", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "the Ten Commandments), revealed God's wrath to Christians", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": " Johannes Agricola", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": " antinomian theses", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": " six series", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": " six series", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": " Ten Commandments", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": " preach the Ten Commandments", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": " preach the Ten Commandments", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": " Christians", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": " Ten Commandments", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": "third use of the law.\"", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": " Ten Commandments \u2013 when considered not as God's condemning judgment but as an expression of his eternal will, that is, of the natural law", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "third use of the law.\"", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": " an illustration", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": " vocations on a daily basis", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": " Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": " Ten Commandments", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": " renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": " Margarethe von der Saale", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I, Landgrave", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": " Margarethe von der Saale", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": " Martin Brecht", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": " The affair caused lasting damage to Luther's reputation", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": " Christianity", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": " Christianity", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": " Christianity", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": " Christianity", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": " Christianity", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": " Von den Juden", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": " 1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": " 1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": " the chosen people", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": "We are at fault in not slaying them\"", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": " Martin Luther", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": " Martin Luther", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": " Martin Luther", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": " Luther's anti-Jewish works", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": " Martin Luther", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": " Reinhold Lewin", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": " 1940s provided an \"ideal underpinning\" for the Nazis' attacks on Jews. Reinhold Lewin", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": " 1940s provided an \"ideal underpinning\" for the Nazis' attacks on Jews. Reinhold Lewin", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": " Reinhold Lewin", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": " Julius Streicher", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": " 17 December 1941", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": " Daniel Goldhagen", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": "blueprint.\"", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": "agogues", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": " 17 December 1941, seven Protestant regional church confederations issued a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": " Martin Brecht", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": " no continuity between Luther's thought and Nazi ideology. Uwe Siemon", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": " the modern hatred of the Jews", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": " no continuity between Luther's thought and Nazi ideology", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": " religious", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": " a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism. Ronald Berger", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": " Ronald Berger", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "hysterical and demonizing mentality\" about Jews to enter German thought and discourse", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": " Ronald Berger", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": " National Socialists", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": " state of mind", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": " state of mind", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": " effect", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": " effect", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": " Mark U. Edwards in his book Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531\u201346", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": " Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": " 4,745 North American Lutherans aged 15\u201365", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": " Protestant than Catholic", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": " Catholic areas of Germany", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": " M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": " scandal which ensued from the bigamy of the Philip of Hesse", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": " kidney and bladder stones", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": " M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": " M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": " \"They are teaching me to be rude.\" In 1545 and 1546 Luther preached three times in the Market Church", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": " \"They are teaching me to be rude.\"", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": " \"They are teaching me to be rude.\" In 1545 and 1546 Luther preached three times in the Market Church", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": " \"They are teaching me to be rude.\" In 1545 and 1546 Luther preached three times in the Market Church", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": " three times in the Market Church", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": " 15 February 1546", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": " 15 February 1546", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": " James Mackinnon", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": " James Mackinnon", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": " public enemies ... and if they could kill us all, they would gladly do so. And so often they do.\"", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": " Mansfeld", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": "brecht, Philip, John George, and Gerhard. Luther journeyed to Mansfeld twice", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": " 1545", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": " 1545 to participate in the negotiations for a settlement, and a third visit was needed in early 1546", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": " siblings' families continuing in their father Hans Luther's copper mining trade", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": " 17 February 1546", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": " 17 February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": ":5), the common prayer of the dying. At 1 a.m. he awoke with more chest pain", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": " 17 February 1546", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": ":5), the common prayer of the dying. At 1 a.m. he awoke with more chest pain and was warmed with hot towels", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": " 2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": " 18 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": " 18 February", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": " Castle Church in Wittenberg", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": " Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": " Latin", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": " Latin", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": " woodcuts by Hans Brosamer (1530) and Lucas Cranach the Elder and Lucas Cranach the Younger", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": " frail Catholic saints", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": " stout man with a \"double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck.\"", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": " woodcuts by Hans Brosamer (1530) and Lucas Cranach the Elder and Lucas Cranach the Younger", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": " 1530s", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": " 18 February", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": " 18 February", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": " 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": " 18 February", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": " 18 February", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "eight counties", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "Southern California", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": " SoCal", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": " demographics", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "eight counties\", based on demographics", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": " 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": " 8", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": " 8", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": " east into Las Vegas", + "5705e33f52bb891400689650": " Las Vegas", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": " Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": " seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": " seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "Southern California", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": " seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": " Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": " Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": " Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": " Colorado Desert", + "5705e63175f01819005e7720": " 3,792", + "5705e63175f01819005e7721": " 3,792", + "5705e63175f01819005e7722": " Los Angeles and San Diego", + "5705e63175f01819005e7723": " 3,792", + "5705e63175f01819005e7724": " two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792", + "5705e99452bb891400689688": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5705e99452bb891400689689": " Los Angeles", + "5705e99452bb89140068968a": " five most populous", + "5705e99452bb89140068968b": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5705e99452bb89140068968c": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": " Walt Disney Company", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": " Walt Disney Company", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": " Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": " Walt Disney Company", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": " Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": " a large home grown surf and skateboard culture", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": " Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": " Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": " Oahu", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": " San Diego Yacht Club", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": " Palm Springs", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": " Palm Springs", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": " southern California coast", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": " feel and nearby open spaces", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": " 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": " 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": " Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": " Tehachapi Mountains", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": " Tehachapi Mountains", + "5705eee952bb8914006896de": " Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California", + "5705eee952bb8914006896df": " Alta California", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": " Alta California", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": " northern boundary of southern California", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": " own separate slave state", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "Cow Counties", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Cow Counties", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": " three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": " Colorado", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": " Milton Latham", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": " seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": " 1900", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": " 1900, the Los Angeles Times", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "perial", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": " seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara", + "5705f36452bb891400689718": " regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California", + "5705f36452bb891400689719": " three-region point of view", + "5705f36452bb89140068971a": " the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California", + "5705f36452bb89140068971b": " South", + "5705f36452bb89140068971c": " Kern and San Bernardino Counties", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": " Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": " Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": " suburban communities and use of automobiles", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": " highways", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "Southern California", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": " Camp Pendleton", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": " Inland Empire", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": " Los Angeles County", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": " Camp Pendleton", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "desert portions) were developed in the 1980s and 1990s", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": " Mediterranean climate", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": " Summers", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": " 90-60's", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "Southern California", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": " 90-60's", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Southern California", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": " Transverse and Peninsular Ranges", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "Southern California", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Southern California", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "Southern California", + "5705fec152bb89140068977a": " 10,000", + "5705fec152bb89140068977b": " 10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt. Only several hundred", + "5705fec152bb89140068977c": " 10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt. Only several hundred are greater than magnitude 3.0", + "5705fec152bb89140068977d": " $20 billion", + "5705fec152bb89140068977e": " 10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt. Only several hundred", + "5705ffde52bb891400689784": " 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault", + "5705ffde52bb891400689785": " 6.7", + "5705ffde52bb891400689786": " San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", + "5705ffde52bb891400689787": " San Andreas Fault", + "5705ffde52bb891400689788": " Earthquake occurrence in California", + "570602fa52bb89140068979e": " own culture and atmosphere", + "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "Southern California", + "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": " respective region and being home to many tourist destinations. Each region is further divided into many culturally distinct areas", + "570603c475f01819005e7882": " northern part of the state due to a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area", + "570603c475f01819005e7883": " 22,680", + "570603c475f01819005e7884": " 10.0%", + "570603c475f01819005e7885": " northern part of the state due to a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area", + "570603c475f01819005e7886": " northern part of the state due to a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area", + "5706074552bb8914006897d4": " one Combined Statistical Area", + "5706074552bb8914006897d5": " five million", + "5706074552bb8914006897d6": " five million", + "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form the Southern Border", + "5706074552bb8914006897d8": " 17,786", + "570607f575f01819005e78b4": " 3.7 million people) and San Diego", + "570607f575f01819005e78b5": " 3.7 million", + "570607f575f01819005e78b6": " 34 cities over 100,000", + "570607f575f01819005e78b7": " 200,000", + "570607f575f01819005e78b8": " Riverside", + "5706094b52bb8914006897de": " petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897df": " petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": " housing bubble 2001\u20132007", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": " petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": " the housing crash", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": " major industries. In one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S., cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": " cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": " cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": " cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": " aerospace", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "CBD) include Downtown", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Southern California", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Southern California", + "57060cc352bb89140068980e": " Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica", + "57060cc352bb89140068980f": " Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach", + "57060cc352bb891400689810": " Wilshire Boulevard Miracle Mile including Century City, Westwood and Warner Center in the San Fernando Valley", + "57060cc352bb891400689811": " Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank", + "57060df252bb891400689820": " business districts of Downtown", + "57060df252bb891400689821": "Riverside", + "57060df252bb891400689822": " Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": " Downtown Santa Ana", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": " University of California, Irvine", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": " Downtown Santa Ana", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": " South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": " Downtown Santa Ana", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": " Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": " Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": " Carmel Valley", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Downtown San Diego", + "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Southern California", + "570610b275f01819005e792b": " San Diego", + "570610b275f01819005e792c": " San Diego", + "570610b275f01819005e792d": "Southern California", + "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Southern California", + "5706111a52bb89140068984c": " Metrolink", + "5706111a52bb89140068984d": " Metrolink", + "5706111a52bb89140068984e": " Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties", + "5706111a52bb89140068984f": " Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego", + "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Southern California", + "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Southern California", + "570611c475f01819005e793e": " Los Angeles", + "5706139252bb891400689864": " Tech Coast is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base", + "5706139252bb891400689865": " Tech Coast", + "5706139252bb891400689866": " Chapman University", + "5706139252bb891400689867": " 5 University of California campuses (Irvine", + "5706139252bb891400689868": " 5 University of California campuses (Irvine", + "5706143575f01819005e7950": " Southern California", + "5706143575f01819005e7951": " Southern California", + "5706143575f01819005e7952": " Southern California", + "5706143575f01819005e7953": " NFL", + "5706143575f01819005e7954": "Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL", + "5706149552bb891400689880": " two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", + "5706149552bb891400689881": " two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", + "5706149552bb891400689882": " 2005 to 2014, there were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", + "5706149552bb891400689883": " two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA \u2014 that both played at the StubHub Center", + "5706149552bb891400689884": " 2018", + "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports are also popular in southern California. The UCLA Bruins", + "570614ff52bb89140068988b": " UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", + "570614ff52bb89140068988c": " UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", + "570614ff52bb89140068988d": " UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference", + "570614ff52bb89140068988e": " UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", + "5706155352bb891400689894": " schools adding rugby as an official school sport", + "5706155352bb891400689895": " school level", + "5706155352bb891400689896": " school sport", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": " BSkyB", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": " BSkyB", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": " 2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90.04% interest in Sky Deutschland", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": " British Sky Broadcasting Group", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": " Sky UK Limited", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": " 2006", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": " six Premier League packages that the English FA offered to broadcasters", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": " Setanta Sports was awarded two of the six Premier League packages that the English FA offered to broadcasters. Sky picked up the remaining four", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": " \u00a31.3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid \u00a34.2bn", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": " ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": " ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": " three BSkyB channels were available on this platform: Sky News", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": " Three", + "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": " Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV'", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": " Sky+ PVR with their service; waiving the charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": " Sky+ at women. As of 31 March 2008, Sky had 3,393,000 Sky+ users", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": " two or more premium channels", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": " BSkyB discontinued the non-HD", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "HD", + "57094d489928a8140047150a": " Personal video recorder", + "57094d489928a8140047150b": " NDS", + "57094d489928a8140047150c": " Personal video recorder", + "57094d489928a8140047150d": " Personal video recorder", + "57094d489928a8140047150e": " Sky+", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": " Virgin Media", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": " 2007", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": " HD channels", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": " by including HD channels and Video On Demand", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": " HD channels", + "570960cf200fba1400367f01": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", + "570960cf200fba1400367f02": " 2013", + "570960cf200fba1400367f03": " OneDrive", + "570960cf200fba1400367f04": " OneDrive", + "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "financial and other terms, the details of which are confidential\". On 27 January 2014, Microsoft announced \"that SkyDrive will soon become OneDrive", + "570961aa200fba1400367f15": " Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", + "570961aa200fba1400367f16": " Michael Grade", + "570961aa200fba1400367f17": " 27 September 2001", + "570961aa200fba1400367f18": " 27 September 2001, due to the launch and expansion of the Sky Digital platform", + "570961aa200fba1400367f19": " Michael Grade", + "570963a5200fba1400367f33": " British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB) is a British telecommunications company", + "570963a5200fba1400367f34": " British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB)", + "570963a5200fba1400367f35": " 11 million", + "570963a5200fba1400367f36": " Freeview", + "57096505ed30961900e84082": " three set top boxes (Sky Q, Sky Q Silver and Sky Q Mini), a broadband router (Sky Q Hub) and mobile applications", + "57096505ed30961900e84083": " a new user interface", + "57096505ed30961900e84084": " a new user interface", + "57096505ed30961900e84085": " 18 November 2015, Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016", + "57096505ed30961900e84086": " 18 November 2015, Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016", + "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": " Sky Movies", + "570966e0200fba1400367f50": " 7-day EPG use the proprietary OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems for a return path. Sky News", + "570966e0200fba1400367f51": " Interactive services and 7-day EPG use the proprietary OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems for a return path. Sky News", + "570966e0200fba1400367f52": " Interactive services and 7-day EPG use the proprietary OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems for a return path. Sky News", + "570966e0200fba1400367f53": " 7-day EPG use the proprietary OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems for a return path. Sky News", + "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": " 1998", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": " Astra 2A", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": " the potential to carry hundreds of television and radio channels", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": " hundreds", + "570967c4ed30961900e840be": " channels that broadcast to the United Kingdom", + "5709686c200fba1400367f77": " 22 May 2006", + "5709686c200fba1400367f78": " 40,000", + "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "STB", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": " 4,222", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": " 4,222", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": " four subscription channels", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": " Virgin Media", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": " Virgin Media", + "57096b66200fba1400367faa": " Virgin Media", + "57096b66200fba1400367fab": " four subscription channels", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": " Ku band", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": " a monthly subscription, and some are pay-per-view", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": " VideoGuard", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": " Ku band LNB", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": " Sky service", + "57096e1ced30961900e84102": " Premier League for a five-year period, from the 1992 season. ITV", + "57096e1ced30961900e84103": " Premier League for a five-year period, from the 1992 season. ITV", + "57096e1ced30961900e84104": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", + "57096e1ced30961900e84105": " BSkyB paying \u00a3304m", + "57096e1ced30961900e84106": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": " Ofcom", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": " \u00a315\u2013100", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": " open access being an enforced part of their operating licence from Ofcom", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": " picture quality", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": " any control over the channel's content or carriage issues", + "57097051ed30961900e84132": " 1 October 1998", + "57097051ed30961900e84133": " 1 October 1998", + "57097051ed30961900e84134": " Open.... now called Sky Active", + "57097051ed30961900e84135": " the ONdigital (later ITV Digital) terrestrial offering and cable services", + "57097051ed30961900e84136": " 100,000", + "57097141200fba1400367ff9": " 2007", + "57097141200fba1400367ffa": " Media", + "57097141200fba1400367ffb": " Video On Demand service", + "57097141200fba1400367ffc": " one linear HD channel, BBC", + "57097141200fba1400367ffd": " one linear HD channel", + "57097b50200fba140036804d": " 10 million", + "57097b50200fba140036804e": " 10 million", + "57097b50200fba140036804f": " August 2004", + "57097b50200fba1400368050": " 10 million", + "57097b50200fba1400368051": " Media commentators had debated whether the figure could be reached as the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": " tax credits on a \"Welfare Cash Card", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": " only \"essentials", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": " alcohol, tobacco and gambling", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": " Daily Mail", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": " Daily Mail", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": " \u00a330m", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": " \u00a330m", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": " Virgin Media agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels", + "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": " their respective basic channels", + "57097d63ed30961900e84200": " Virgin Media agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": " over 95,000", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "igrants arrived from all over the world to search for gold, especially from Ireland", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": " Wales", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": " over 1,000 miners", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": " 1,000", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": " cramped and unsanitary", + "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": " five representatives", + "570d26efb3d812140066d490": " five representatives", + "570d26efb3d812140066d491": " five representatives", + "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "four", + "570d26efb3d812140066d493": " every four years", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": " Geelong", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": " western and northern suburbs", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": " rural-based National Party of Australia, and the environmentalist Australian Greens", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": " Geelong. The Liberals' main support lies in Melbourne's more affluent eastern and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres. The Nationals", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": " western and northern suburbs", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "About 61.1%", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": " 61.1%", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": " 61.1%", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": " 61.1%", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": " 61.1%", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": " Vic) is a state in the south", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": " Vic) is a state in the south", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": " Vic) is a state in the south-east", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": " Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Melbourne", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": " Vic)", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": " the Koori. With Great Britain having claimed the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": " 1788", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": " Sullivan Bay", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": " Sullivan Bay", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": " 1803", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": " 50%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": " 26,000", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": " 50%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": " 50%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": " 26,000", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": " the Parliament", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": " Parliament", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": " Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": " Victoria's warmest regions", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": " 32 \u00b0C", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": " Mallee and upper Wimmera", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": " 48.8", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": " 48.8 \u00b0C (119.8 \u00b0F) was recorded in Hopetoun on 7 February 2009", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": " the Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": " extra costs", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": " parish schools run by the Roman Catholic Church", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": " four government selective schools", + "570d3468b3d812140066d543": " Holden", + "570d3468b3d812140066d544": " 2017", + "570d3468b3d812140066d545": " Broadmeadows and Geelong\u2014will close in October 2016", + "570d3468b3d812140066d546": " Broadmeadows and Geelong\u2014will close in October 2016", + "570d3468b3d812140066d547": " Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": " 2,000 m", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "986", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "986 m", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": " diverse", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": " Murray River", + "570d391fb3d812140066d575": " Victorian Alps", + "570d391fb3d812140066d576": " Great Dividing Range", + "570d391fb3d812140066d577": " east", + "570d391fb3d812140066d578": " Victorian Alps", + "570d391fb3d812140066d579": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": " Metro Trains Melbourne", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": " Pacific National, CFCL Australia which operate freight services; Great Southern Rail", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": " Pacific National, CFCL Australia which operate freight services; Great Southern Rail which operates The Overland Melbourne\u2014Adelaide; and NSW TrainLink", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": " CFCL", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": " V/Line", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": " 37", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": " Daniel Andrews the current Premier. The personal representative of the Queen of Australia in the state is the Governor of Victoria, currently Linda Dessau", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": " 1851", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": " Bendigo", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": " 20 million", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": " sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": " 20 million", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": " 1,548", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": " 1,548 public schools, 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": " 1,548 public schools, 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800", + "570d44abb3d812140066d600": " 1,548 public schools", + "570d44abb3d812140066d601": " 1,548", + "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": " 60%", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": " 60%", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": " 60% of Australia's 3 million dairy cattle and produces nearly two-thirds of the nation's milk, almost 6.4 billion", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": " southern rock lobster worth A$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": " 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": " 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": " 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": " 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge. However, the interstate", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": " 1,600", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": " 1788", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": " New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": " New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": " Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": " 1854 at Ballarat there was an armed rebellion against the government of Victoria", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": " Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855. Some of the leaders of the Eureka rebellion", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": " Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": " the hated mining licence fees", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": " Colony of Victoria Act 1855", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": " Daniel Andrews", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": " public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": " Daniel Andrews", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": " Daniel Andrews", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": " Daniel Andrews", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": " 17% to $8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": " 17% to $8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": " 17% to $8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": " 17% to $8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": " 17% to $8.7 billion", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": " tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": " regional cities, such as the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": " Melbourne, but others occur in regional cities, such as the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix at Phillip Island", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": " regional cities, such as the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": " Geelong and numerous local festivals such as the popular Port Fairy Folk Festival, Queenscliff Music Festival, Bells Beach SurfClassic", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": " two million", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": " two million", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": " 1562 to 1598", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": " the granting of the Edict of Nantes", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": " southern and central parts of France", + "57106185b654c5140001f8db": " France", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": " John Calvin's adopted home", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": " Besan\u00e7on", + "57106185b654c5140001f8de": " Geneva", + "57106185b654c5140001f8df": " France", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "vernacular languages", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": " 1294", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": " Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": " folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de R\u00e9ly, was printed in Paris in 1487", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": " Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de R\u00e9ly", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "Montpellier", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "Montpellier", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": " 1622", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": " Al\u00e8s (1629", + "571077ecb654c5140001f909": " seven ships", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": " Town", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": " Maria de la Queillerie", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": " seven ships", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": " 1671 with the arrival of Fran\u00e7ois Villion", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": " Jess\u00e9 de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": " Jess\u00e9 de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": " Jess\u00e9 de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": " Jess\u00e9 de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": " Jess\u00e9 de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": " Charleston, South Carolina", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": " the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": " Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": " Charleston, South Carolina", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": " Charleston, South Carolina", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": " William formed the League of Augsburg", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "Stadtholder William III", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": " William formed the League of Augsburg", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": " Orange", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": " Republic in 1672", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": " legal recognition of Protestantism", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": " Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": " the Edict of Fontainebleau", + "57107d73b654c5140001f920": " three-quarters", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": " Catholic Church", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": " the St. Bartholomew's Day", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": " nobles", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": " nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern France. Retaliating against the French Catholics", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": " nobles", + "57108073b654c5140001f927": " France", + "57108073b654c5140001f926": " Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII", + "57108073b654c5140001f928": " Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII", + "57108073b654c5140001f929": " Louis XIII", + "57108073b654c5140001f925": " France", + "57108198b654c5140001f937": " one million Protestants", + "57108198b654c5140001f938": " one million Protestants", + "57108198b654c5140001f939": " one million Protestants", + "57108198b654c5140001f93a": " one million Protestants", + "57108198b654c5140001f93b": " one million Protestants", + "57108c95b654c5140001f979": " Rochelle", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": " Rochelle", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": " three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": " three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": " Rochelle", + "57108d69b654c5140001f983": " 75,000", + "57108d69b654c5140001f984": " 75,000", + "57108d69b654c5140001f985": " 2 million", + "57108d69b654c5140001f986": " 75,000", + "57108d69b654c5140001f987": " 75,000", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": " Huguon, the gate of King Hugo, was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": " Tours", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": " ghost of le roi Huguet", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": " Huguon, the gate of King Hugo", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": " prayer and singing psalms", + "571090abb654c5140001f995": " Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", + "571090abb654c5140001f996": " 1830", + "571090abb654c5140001f997": " Turnagain Lane", + "571090abb654c5140001f998": " Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", + "571090abb654c5140001f999": " Turnagain Lane", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": " Portarlington", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": " Waterford", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": " High Sheriff", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": " High Sheriff", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": " 1696", + "57109275b654c5140001f99f": " a brain drain", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": " Huguenots", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": " Huguenots", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "the North American front of the Seven Years' War", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": " 1759-60", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": " Edict of Nantes", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": " 1598, when Henry of Navarre", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": " Nantes", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": " the founding of new Protestant churches", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": " Edict of Nantes", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": " Catholics", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": " Catholics", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": " Four thousand", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": " Catholics and were called \"new converts", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": " Virginia", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": " Switzerland", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": " South America", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": " South America", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": " 1560", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": " the Guanabara Confession of Faith", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": " Afrikaans", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": " French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": " French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": " Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": " Jack Jouett", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": " Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. The Huguenot Society", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": " Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. The Huguenot Society of America maintains Manakin Episcopal Church", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Paul Revere", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": " lacemakers", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "ucks Point'", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": " immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five widows", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": " century", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": " Friedrichstadt", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": " French speaking", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": " two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": " Berlin", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": " Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": " Camisards", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": " rugged C\u00e9vennes region in the south. In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the Camisards", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": " Camisards", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": " rioted against the Catholic Church", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": " rugged C\u00e9vennes region in the south. In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the Camisards", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": " States", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": " Fort Caroline", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": " Fort Caroline", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": " the new Spanish colony at St. Augustine", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": " Fort Caroline on the banks of the St. Johns River in what is today Jacksonville, Florida", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": " Charlesfort", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": " Charlesfort on Parris Island", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": " Charlesfort", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": " Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": " Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": " Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": " Lower Norfolk", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": " Lower Norfolk", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": " Chesterfield", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": " 148 Huguenots", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": " Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": " Pierre L'Oyse", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": " William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyse", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": " Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": " Ireland and elsewhere. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. Andrew Lortie", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": " 50,000", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": " 50,000", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": " Andrew Lortie", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": " the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": " William of Orange", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": " William of Orange", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": " Smaller settlements, which included Killeshand", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": " flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": " flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": " Louis de Cond\u00e9", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": " Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken to establish a Huguenot community", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": " Huguenot community", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": " the 1890s", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": " 1604", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": " Protestant European nations such as England", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": " England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": " Protestant European nations", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": " Protestant European nations", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": " Protestant European nations", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "ote", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": " Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name huguenote", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": " Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name huguenote", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "ote", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": " language", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": " William Farel", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": " William Farel", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": " William Farel", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": " William Farel", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": " William Farel", + "57111428b654c5140001faff": " 24 August", + "57111428b654c5140001fb00": " 24 August", + "57111428b654c5140001fb01": " 3,000", + "57111428b654c5140001fb02": " 24 August", + "57111429b654c5140001fb03": " 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": " Edict of Fontainebleau", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": " Edict of Fontainebleau", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": " Edict of Fontainebleau", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": " military troops", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": " Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": " the coastline peninsula of Davenports", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": " John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor, a tract of land consisting of six thousand one hundred acres with the help of Jacob Leisler", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": " La Rochelle", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": " Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": " Protestant denominations", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": " Protestant denominations", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": " Protestant denominations", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": " children", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": " children", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": " Pierre Bayle", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": " Rotterdam", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": " Historical and Critical Dictionary", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": " US Library of Congress", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Huguenot descent. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas", + "57111992b654c5140001fb43": " London", + "57111992b654c5140001fb44": " French Protestant Church of London", + "57111992b654c5140001fb45": " Soho Square", + "57111992b654c5140001fb46": " French Protestant Church", + "57111992b654c5140001fb47": " Black Eagle Brewery, was founded in 1724", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": " Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": " 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": " two new regiments of his army: the Altpreu\u00dfische Infantry", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": " Altpreu\u00dfische Infantry", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": " Adolf Galland", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": " solar power", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": " Rankine cycle", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": " transforms into steam within a boiler", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": " steam", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": " external combustion engines", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": " Savery's steam pump", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": " Thomas Newcom", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": " 1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": " Thomas Newcom", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": " Savery's steam pump", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": " Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": " 21 February", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": " 21 February 1804, the world's first railway journey took place as Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": " south Wales", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": " south Wales", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": " Utility", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": " Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": " Rankine cycle", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": " Utility and industrial boilers", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": " Utility", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": " four", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": " triple and quadruple", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": " marine triple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": " four", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": " Multiple expansion engines typically had the cylinders arranged inline, but various other formations were used. In the late 19th century, the Yarrow", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": " trip mechanisms", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": " Corliss", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": " the effect that the exhaust side remains open", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": " steam escapes", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": " the operators", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": " little effect", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": " James Watt", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": " motion", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": " 10,000 hp", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": " 1781", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": " Industrial Revolution", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "The history of the steam engine stretches back as far as the first century AD", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": " Hero of Alexandria", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": " steam engine", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": " Taqi al-Din in 1551 and by Giovanni Branca in 1629. Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": " 1606", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": " compound engines", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": " expansions", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": " shipping", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": " motors and internal combustion engines", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": " shipping where efficiency was important to reduce the weight of coal carried.", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": " steam turbines", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": " late part of the 19th century", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": " fewer moving parts, and provide rotary power directly instead of through a connecting rod", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": " 90%", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": " fewer moving parts, and provide rotary power directly instead of through a connecting rod", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": " nuclear reactor", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": " variously combustion chamber", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": " solar energy or waste heat from an internal combustion engine or industrial process", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": " electric heating element", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": " steam engine indicator", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": " Charles Porter", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": " Richard", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": " insurance inspectors. The engine indicator can also be used on internal combustion engines. See image of indicator diagram", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": " 90\u00b0", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": " 180", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": " two", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": " direction of flow at each stroke (counterflow), entering and exhausting from the cylinder by the same port.", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": " four events \u2013 admission, expansion, exhaust, compression. These events are controlled by valves", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": " four events \u2013 admission, expansion, exhaust, compression. These events are controlled by valves", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": " four events \u2013 admission, expansion, exhaust, compression. These events are controlled by valves", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": " four events \u2013 admission, expansion, exhaust, compression. These events are controlled by valves", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": " one direction", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": " improve efficiency", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": " additional port", + "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "An oscillating cylinder", + "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", + "57114b1a2419e31400955577": " have also been used in full size working engines", + "57114b1a2419e31400955578": " ships", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": " Rankine cycle", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": " Mercury", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": " Low boiling hydrocarbons", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": " Rankine cycle", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": " about 63%", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": " 565 \u00b0C", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": " about 63%", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": " about 63%", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": " about 63%", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": " farm tractors", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": " farm tractors", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": " farm tractors", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": " farm tractors", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": " farm tractors", + "571153422419e3140095557d": " four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca", + "571153422419e3140095557e": " Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e3140095557f": " Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e31400955580": " Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e31400955581": " four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca", + "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": " Arthur Woolf", + "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "A method to lessen the magnitude of this heating and cooling was invented in 1804 by British engineer Arthur Woolf", + "5711541350c2381900b54a71": " torque variability", + "5711541350c2381900b54a72": " larger cylinder volume", + "571154c72419e31400955587": " 90%", + "571154c72419e31400955588": " marine service, (pioneered on the Turbinia), steam turbines with reduction gearing", + "571154c72419e31400955589": " marine service", + "571154c72419e3140095558a": " marine service", + "571154c72419e3140095558b": " marine service, (pioneered on the Turbinia), steam turbines with reduction gearing", + "571155ae2419e31400955591": " Rankine cycle", + "571155ae2419e31400955592": " removed in a condenser", + "571155ae2419e31400955593": " about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world", + "571155ae2419e31400955594": " about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world, including virtually all solar, biomass, coal and nuclear power plants", + "571155ae2419e31400955595": "The Rankine cycle", + "571156152419e3140095559b": " about 7 million", + "571156152419e3140095559f": " 7 million", + "571156152419e3140095559e": " 7 million", + "571156152419e3140095559d": " about 7 million", + "571156152419e3140095559c": " about 7 million", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": " electric motors", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": " electric motors", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "Reciprocating piston type", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": " commercial usage, and the ascendancy of steam turbines", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": " Bento de Moura Portugal", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": " Bento de Moura Portugal", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": " 1698", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": " Bento de Moura Portugal", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": " Bento de Moura", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": " Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": " Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": " 1800", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": " transport applications", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": " 1800 Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": " Energiprojekt AB", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": " Sweden", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": " 27-30%", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": " approx. 4 kg (8.8 lb) of steam per kWh", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": " 27-30%", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": " surface condensers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": " automobile radiator", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": " surface condensers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": " dry type cooling tower is similar to an automobile radiator", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": " about 3600 cubic metres of make-up water every hour", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": " centrifugal governor", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": " Boulton", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": " James Watt", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": " Watt", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": " Watt", + "57115e532419e314009555af": " 1880", + "57115e532419e314009555b0": " railway locomotives", + "57115e532419e314009555b1": " complicated. This is partly due to the harsh railway operating environment and limited space afforded by the loading gauge", + "57115e532419e314009555b2": " 1930", + "57115e532419e314009555b3": " road engines", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": " expansion period", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": " (\"kick back\").", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": " evacuate the cylinder, choking it and giving excessive compression", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": " one direction", + "57115f652419e314009555b9": " Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", + "57115f652419e314009555ba": " steam engine", + "57115f652419e314009555bb": " 1606. In 1698", + "57115f652419e314009555bc": " 1606. In 1698", + "57115f652419e314009555bd": " 1606. In 1698", + "57115ff82419e314009555c3": " steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", + "57115ff82419e314009555c4": " more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", + "57115ff82419e314009555c5": " a similar, but fixed, series of blades that serve to redirect the steam flow onto the next rotor stage", + "57115ff82419e314009555c6": " one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", + "57115ff82419e314009555c7": " one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", + "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "The weight of boilers and condensers", + "5711607f2419e314009555ce": " electric motors", + "5711607f2419e314009555cf": " turbine plant", + "5711607f2419e314009555d0": " Advanced Steam movement", + "5711607f2419e314009555d1": " pollution", + "571161092419e314009555d7": " Wankel engine", + "571161092419e314009555d8": " Wankel engine", + "571161092419e314009555d9": " steam-tight in the face of wear and thermal expansion", + "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": " a separate condenser", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": " a separate condenser", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": " a separate condenser", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": " Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": " a piston", + "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": " two", + "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": " two", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": " adjustable spring", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": " two", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": " two", + "5711628a2419e314009555dd": " Corliss steam engine", + "5711628a2419e314009555de": " 1849", + "5711628a2419e314009555e1": " four-valve counter flow engine with separate steam admission and exhaust valves", + "5711628a2419e314009555df": " four-valve counter flow engine with separate steam admission and exhaust valves", + "5711628a2419e314009555e0": " Rumford", + "571163172419e314009555e7": " thermodynamic theory", + "571163172419e314009555e8": " Watt on a model steam engine led to the development of the separate condenser", + "571163172419e314009555e9": " separate condenser", + "571163172419e314009555ea": " Joseph Black", + "571163172419e314009555eb": " Joseph Black", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": " 1%", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": " little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": " 1%", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": " 1500 \u00b0C", + "5711651050c2381900b54acb": " Mechanical stoker", + "5711651050c2381900b54acc": " water and recover the latent heat of vaporisation", + "5711651050c2381900b54acd": " various mechanisms to increase the draft for fireboxes", + "5711651050c2381900b54ace": " Mechanical stoker", + "5711651050c2381900b54acf": " Mechanical stoker", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "Land-based steam engines could exhaust much of their steam, as feed water was usually readily available", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "Land-based steam engines", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "Land-based steam engines", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": " the dreadnought", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": " 1905", + "571166352419e314009555f1": " water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f2": " water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f3": " water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f4": " nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f5": " freight operations", + "5711669550c2381900b54adf": " practical Carnot cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "ensation and re-evaporation", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": " Rankine cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": " Rankine cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": " liquid not as a gas", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": " 8", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "Oxygen", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": " a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": " a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Oxygen", + "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": " 20.8%", + "571bb2269499d21900609caa": "Oxygen", + "571bb2269499d21900609cab": " 8", + "571bb2269499d21900609cad": " a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8", + "571bb2269499d21900609cac": "Oxygen", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": " 8", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": " a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": " oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": " third-most abundant element in the universe", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": " two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": " photosynthesis", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": " photosynthesis", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": " water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": " water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": " water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": " water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": " John Mayow (1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitro", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": " John Mayow (1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitro", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": " spiritus nitro", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": " 17th", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": " spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": " spirit", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": " 17th century", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": " spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": " spiritus nitroaereus", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": " Joseph Priestley", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": " August 1, 1774", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO) inside a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named \"dephlogisticated air", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": " mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": " Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": " Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": " 1774", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": " Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": " Priestley published his findings in 1775 in a paper titled \"An Account of Further Discoveries in Air\"", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": " Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": " Philo of Byzantium", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": " 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": " fire", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": " Philo of Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": " the classical element fire", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": " Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": " Leonardo da Vinci", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": " a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": " chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen with a high oxidative potential", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": " high oxidative potential, such as peroxides", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": " oxygen with a high oxidative potential, such as peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": " the chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen with a high oxidative potential", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": " the source", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": " the chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen with a high oxidative potential", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": " the chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen with a high oxidative potential", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": " the chemical energy released in combustion. Combustion hazards also apply to compounds of oxygen with a high oxidative potential, such as peroxides", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "Concentrated O\n2", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": " Steel", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": " Steel", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": " Steel", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": " Steel", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": " Steel", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": " Steel", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": " Apollo 1 crew", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": " carbon dioxide", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": " carbon dioxide", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": " carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": " carbon dioxide", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": " carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": " carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": " oxides", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": " carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": " monatomic", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": " monatomic and that the atoms in compounds would normally have the simplest atomic ratios with respect to one another", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": " HO, giving the atomic mass of oxygen as 8 times that of hydrogen, instead of the modern value of about 16.", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": " two volumes", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "John Dalton", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": " wood or coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": " Air", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": " metals", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": " Air", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": " a covalent double bond", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": " two", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": " a covalent double bond", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": " the two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": " the filling of molecular orbitals", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": " 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": " 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": " Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": " Antoine Lavoisier", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": " the then-popular phlogiston theory", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": " spin triple", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": " triplet oxygen", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": " most organic molecules, which have paired electron spins", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": " most organic molecules, which have paired electron spins", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": " O\n2", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": " two gases", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": " two gases", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": " two gases", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": " 1777", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": " two gases", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "Trioxygen (O\n3) is usually known as ozone", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": " ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": " the upper atmosphere", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": " the UV region of the spectrum, the ozone layer", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": " dioxygen", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": " dioxygen", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": " dioxygen", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": " O\n2", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": " O\n2", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": " Carl von Linde", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": " 1891", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": " Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": " Carl von Linde", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": " 1 molecule of dissolved O\n2", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": " 1 molecule of dissolved O\n2", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": " 1 molecule of dissolved O\n2", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": " 1 molecule of dissolved O\n2", + "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": " 1 molecule of dissolved O\n2", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": " About 0.9%", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": " About 0.9%", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": " About 0.9%", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": " most abundant chemical element by mass in the Earth's biosphere", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": " About 0.9%", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": " 19th", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": " carbon dioxide", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": " carbon dioxide", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": " two days later, French physicist Louis Paul Cailletet announced his own method of liquefying molecular oxygen", + "571caac55efbb31900334dca": " March 29, 1883", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": " silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind in space and returned by the crashed Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "16", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": " silicon wafer", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": " oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": " dust grains", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": " water during photosynthesis", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": " water during photosynthesis, using the energy of sunlight. It is also produced in the troposphere", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": " water during photosynthesis, using the energy of sunlight. It is also produced in the troposphere", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": " photolysis of ozone", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": " water during photosynthesis, using the energy of sunlight. It is also produced in the troposphere", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": " Seawater", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": " lighter isotope, oxygen-16", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": " skeletons", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": " lighter isotope, oxygen-16", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": " two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": " carbon cycle from satellites", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": " two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": " two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": " two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": " Liquid oxygen", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": " O\n2", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": " O\n2", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": " O\n2", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": " O\n2", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": " hydrogen peroxide", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "Reactive oxygen species", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": " hydrogen peroxide", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "active oxygen species", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": " about 2.5 billion years ago", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": " 90.20 K", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": " light sky-blue color", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": " light sky-blue color", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "Oxygen", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": " a highly reactive substance and must be segregated from combustible materials", + "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": " water bodies", + "571cc8815efbb31900334def": " eutrophic water bodies", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": " O\n2 at lower temperatures (see Physical properties) has important implications for ocean life, as polar oceans support a much higher density", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": " algae by a process called eutrophication", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": " the water's biochemical oxygen demand", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": " about 3.5 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": " 3.5 billion years ago. Free oxygen first appeared in significant quantities during the Paleoproterozoic", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": " any free oxygen produced by these organisms combined with dissolved iron in the oceans to form banded iron formations", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": " 1.7 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": " 3\u20132.7 billion years ago", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": " photosynthesis", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": " photosynthesis", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": " photosynthesis", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": " photosynthesis", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": " photosynthesis, which is responsible for modern Earth's atmosphere. Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere, while respiration", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": " pressure swing adsorption", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": " 90% to 93%", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": " pressure swing adsorption", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": " pressure swing adsorption", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": " 90% to 93%", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": " water", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": " molecular oxygen", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": " water into molecular oxygen", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": " water", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": " water into molecular oxygen", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": " a history of recreational use in oxygen bars and in sports. Oxygen bars are establishments, found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": " a history of recreational use in oxygen bars", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": " enriched O\n2 mixtures", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": " a placebo effect is a more likely explanation. Available studies support a performance boost from enriched O\n2 mixtures only if they are breathed during aerobic exercise", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": " enriched O\n2 mixtures", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": " gas gangrene", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": " monoxide from the heme group", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": " the anaerobic bacteria that cause gas gangrene", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": " bubbles of inert gas, mostly nitrogen and helium", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": " O\n2", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": " many types", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": " the secondary effect of decreasing resistance to blood flow in many types of diseased lungs", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": " O\n2", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": " O\n2", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": " oxides", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": " oxides. The surface of most metals, such as aluminium and titanium, are oxidized in the presence of air", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": " FeO (w\u00fcstite)", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": " chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": " corrosion", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": " O\n2", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": " O\n2", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": " O\n2", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": " O\n2", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": " liquid in specially insulated tankers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": " liquid in specially insulated tankers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": " liquid in specially insulated tankers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": " liquid in specially insulated tankers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": " gas", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": " glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide. Epoxides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": " glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide. Epoxides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": " glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide. Epoxides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": " glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide. Epoxides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": " glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide. Epoxides", + "571cde695efbb31900334e16": " no oxygen", + "571cde695efbb31900334e17": " no oxygen", + "571cde695efbb31900334e18": " no oxygen", + "571cde695efbb31900334e19": " the presence of carbonyl groups", + "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": " no oxygen", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": " Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": " O\n2 partial pressure", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": " O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": " toxicity", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": " scuba diving", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": " pure O\n2", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": " about 30 kPa", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": " O\n2", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": " no damage due to the low total pressures", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": " O\n2", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "O\n2)", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": " at partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": " about 50%", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "Oxygen gas (O\n2)", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "O\n2", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": " October", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": " US$3 per barrel", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": " 1979 oil crisis", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": " 1979 oil crisis", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": " 1979 oil crisis", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": " a rift within NATO", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": " combatants", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": " January 18, 1974", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": " March 1974", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": " August 15, 1971", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": " the dollar", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": " dollars", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": " oil producers' real income decreased.", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": " two percent", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": " two percent", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": " 1973\u20131974 largely returned their prices and corresponding incomes to Bretton Woods levels in terms of commodities", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": " two percent per year", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": " October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": " exporter and a close US ally", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": " ten", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": " US ally", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": " October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": " 70%, to $5.11 a barrel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": " 70%, to $5.11 a barrel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": " five percent", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": " 70%, to $5.11 a barrel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": " $5.11 a barrel", + "57261dab38643c19005ad037": " 100 billion", + "57261dab38643c19005ad038": " violent Sunni extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda and the Taliban", + "57261dab38643c19005ad039": " Saudi Arabia", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": " other underdeveloped nations whose economies had been caught between higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": " Wahhabism", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": " USSR", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": " USSR", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": " equality between both parties prior to 1973. The possibility that the Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with the USSR", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": " Kissinger", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": " embargo", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": " the price increases changed competitive positions in many industries", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": " deflationary impacts. The embargo left oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": " rugged terrain", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": " five to ten years", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": " nine members of the European Economic Community", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": " Israel", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": " Harold Wilson", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": " the Israelis", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": " Harold Wilson's government supported the Israelis during the Six-Day War. His successor, Ted Heath", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": " the UK", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": " a series of strikes by coal miners", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": " coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": " Sweden", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": " Netherlands", + "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", + "57264cac708984140094c1b4": " investment", + "57264cac708984140094c1b5": " The rule also discouraged development of alternative energies", + "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "Price controls", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": " William E. Simon", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": " William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": " William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": " William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", + "57264efddd62a815002e8134": " 55 mph", + "57264efddd62a815002e8135": " Development of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve", + "57264efddd62a815002e8136": " Bill Clinton", + "57264efddd62a815002e8137": " 1978", + "57264efddd62a815002e8138": " the National Energy Act of 1978", + "572650325951b619008f6fa9": " nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels", + "572650325951b619008f6faa": " crisis-mentality thinking, promoting expensive quick fixes and single-shot solutions that ignore market and technology", + "572650325951b619008f6fab": " politically expedient, but whose prospects are doubtful", + "57265200708984140094c237": " 1973", + "57265200708984140094c238": " 1973", + "57265200708984140094c239": " 1973", + "57265200708984140094c23a": " Abu Dhabi in military action", + "57265360dd62a815002e819a": " 71%", + "57265360dd62a815002e819b": " 71%", + "57265360dd62a815002e819c": " 71%", + "57265360dd62a815002e819d": " 71%", + "57265360dd62a815002e819e": " 71%", + "57265526708984140094c2bd": " USSR", + "57265526708984140094c2be": " USSR", + "57265526708984140094c2bf": " USSR", + "57265526708984140094c2c0": " USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", + "57265526708984140094c2c1": " USSR", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": " four cylinder engines", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": " four cylinder engines", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": " four", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": " unibody construction", + "572659535951b619008f703f": "Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands", + "572659535951b619008f7040": " Corona", + "572659535951b619008f7041": "Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands", + "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": " Mitsubishi rebranded its Forte as the Dodge D-50", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": " Dodge D-50", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": " Ford, Chrysler, and GM", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15), ending their captive import policy", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": " smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": " Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon from Chrysler, the Ford Fiesta and the Chevrolet Chevette all had four-cylinder engines and room for at least four passengers", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": " 1985", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": " Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": " lower price models", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": " 1977", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": " 1977", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": " NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 215", + "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "OPEC soon lost its preeminent position, and in 1981, its production was surpassed by that of other countries", + "57265e11708984140094c3bc": " 1981", + "57265e11708984140094c3bd": " high-cost producers", + "57265e11708984140094c3be": " $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s to less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation", + "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": " President John F. Kennedy", + "5725b41838643c19005acb80": " National Aeronautics and Space Administration", + "5725b41838643c19005acb81": " 1968", + "5725b41838643c19005acb82": " President John F. Kennedy", + "5725b41838643c19005acb83": " two-man Project Gemini", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": " 1972", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": " Saturn family rockets as launch vehicles. Apollo/Saturn vehicles were also used for an Apollo Applications Program", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": " 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": " 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": " Five", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": " 13", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": " oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": " 8 was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body, while the final Apollo 17", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": " 8", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": " 842 pounds (382 kg) of lunar rocks", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": " rocketry", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": " three astronauts", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": " three astronauts", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": " Abe Silverstein", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": " Abe Silverstein", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": " Abe Silverstein", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": " 1960", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": " Maxime Faget", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": " three study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": " Hugh L. Dryden", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": " John F. Kennedy", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": " Soviet Union", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": " massive financial commitment required by a manned Moon landing. When Kennedy's newly appointed NASA Administrator James E. Webb", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": " John F. Kennedy", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": " President Eisenhower", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": " Yuri Gagarin", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": " Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": " April 12, 1961", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": " Yuri Gagarin", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": " April 20", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": " April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": " approximately one week", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": " approximately one week later, concluding that \"we are neither making maximum effort nor achieving results necessary if this country is to reach a position of leadership.\"", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": " NASA center, the Manned Spacecraft Center", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": " NASA's Langley Research Center. So Gilruth was given authority to grow his organization into a new NASA center, the Manned Spacecraft Center", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": " Mission Control Center", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": " Rice University", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": " Manned Spacecraft Center", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": " Canaveral at Merritt Island", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": " Kurt H. Debus, a member of Dr. Wernher von Braun", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": " a member of Dr. Wernher von Braun", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": " LC-34 and LC-37", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": " two", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": " up to 250,000 feet", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": " 250,000 feet", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "VAB) in which the space vehicle (launch vehicle and spacecraft) would be assembled on a Mobile Launcher Platform", + "5725c123271a42140099d131": " George E. Mueller", + "5725c123271a42140099d132": " Robert Seamans", + "5725c123271a42140099d133": " Robert Seamans", + "5725c123271a42140099d134": " Mueller", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": " General Samuel C. Phillips, who gained a reputation for his effective management of the Minuteman program, as OMSF program controller", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": " General Samuel C. Phillips", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": " General Samuel C. Phillips", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": " Minuteman program, as OMSF program controller", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": " Minuteman program, as OMSF program controller. Phillips' superior officer Bernard A. Schriever", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": " lunar orbit", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": " 1961", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": " Robert Seamans", + "5725c604271a42140099d185": " ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin", + "5725c604271a42140099d186": " ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961", + "5725c604271a42140099d187": " the newly hired deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight, Joseph Shea", + "5725c604271a42140099d188": " Joseph Shea", + "5725c604271a42140099d189": " Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) took longer to become convinced of its merits, but their conversion was announced by Wernher von Braun", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": " Jerome Wiesner", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": " Saturn V launch vehicle", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": " NASA", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": " July 11, 1962", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": " NASA", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": " NASA", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": " NASA", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": " NASA", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": " Apollo 13", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": " 13", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": " propulsion, electrical power and life support", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": " 1964", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": " service modules providing propulsion and electrical power, sized appropriately for the space station, cislunar, and lunar landing missions", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": "Maxime Faget", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": "Maxime Faget", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": " three", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": " Command Module", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": " an ablative heat shield", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": " three astronauts from launch to lunar orbit and back to an Earth ocean landing", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": " approximately 12,250 pounds", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": " service propulsion engine and an RCS", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": " Service Module", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": " Service Module", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": " 51,300 pounds", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": " Service Module", + "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": " Aviation", + "5725cda338643c19005acd40": " Block I which would be used for early testing, while Block II", + "5725cda338643c19005acd41": " 1964", + "5725cda338643c19005acd42": " Saturn V launch vehicle for NASA", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": " 33,300 pounds", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": " weighed approximately 33,300 pounds", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": " 33,300 pounds", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": " 34 hours", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": " Wernher von Braun", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": " Marshall Space Flight Center", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": " MSFC", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": " LC-34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": " AS-101 through AS-105) into orbit in 1964 and 1965", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": " Pegasus satellites", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": " the frequency and severity of micrometeorite impacts", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "The Saturn IB", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": " 1,600,000 pounds", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": " 40,000 pounds (18,100 kg) into low Earth orbit", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": " 40,000 pounds (18,100 kg) into low Earth orbit", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": " 103,600 pounds (47,000 kg) for the later advanced lunar landings. The S-IC", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": " 33 feet", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": " 33", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": " three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": " Project Mercury", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": " least two (sometimes three) Gemini veterans. Dr. Harrison Schmitt", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": " Harrison Schmitt", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": " 17", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": " Harrison Schmitt", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": " 32", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": " 32 of these astronauts its highest honor, the Distinguished Service Medal", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": " 1969", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": " Walter M. Schirra, Donn Eisele, and Walter Cunningham", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": " 32 of these astronauts its highest honor, the Distinguished Service Medal", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": " 1966", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": " February 26, reached an altitude of 265.7 nautical miles", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": " August 25", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": " Service Module engine", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": " Apollo spacesuit, designed to accommodate lunar extravehicular activity (EVA). The traditional visor helmet", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": " visor helmet was replaced with a clear \"fishbowl\" type for greater visibility", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": " visor helmet", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": " Commander", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": " Grissom", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": " Grissom as Command Pilot", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": " January 1966", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "Deke Slayton", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": " Grissom as Command Pilot", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": " Saturn IB was allocated to the dual mission, now redesignated AS-205/208", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": " 1967", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "205/208", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": " Apollo 1 backup crew", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": " George Mueller to appoint program director Samuel Phillips", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": " Atwood", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": " 1967", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": " Atwood", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": " January, which would simulate a launch countdown", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": " January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued with problems. First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": " January 27, 1967", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": " January 27, 1967", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": " January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued with problems. First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": " high pressure, 100% oxygen atmosphere", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": " Command Module design, workmanship and quality control.\" At the insistence of NASA Administrator Webb", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": " Command Module design", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": " Command Module design, workmanship and quality control.\" At the insistence of NASA Administrator Webb, North American removed Harrison Storms as Command Module program manager", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": " Command Module design, workmanship and quality control.\" At the insistence of NASA Administrator Webb", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": " Block I plug-type hatch", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": " nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen before and during launch, and removal of flammable cabin and space suit materials", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": " the Block I plug-type hatch", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": " Crew members would also exclusively wear modified, fire-resistant Block II space suits", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": " II space suits", + "5725df1838643c19005ace15": " letters were used instead of numbers", + "5725df1838643c19005ace16": " letters were used instead of numbers", + "5725df1838643c19005ace17": " letters", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "AS-501) was the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V, carrying a Block I CSM on November 9, 1967", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "AS-501) was the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V, carrying a Block I CSM on November 9, 1967", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": " CSM and a LM Test Article", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": " third unmanned test", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": " January 22, 1968", + "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": " January 22, 1968", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": " January 22, 1968", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": " January 22, 1968", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "fire-in-the-hole\"", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": " D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "Apollo 8", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "ollo 8", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": " McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": " E mission. This would keep the program on track. The Soviet Union", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": " Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": " July 1969", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": " television back to Earth. The astronauts returned safely on July 24", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": " Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": " July 24", + "5725e44238643c19005ace35": " Richard F. Gordon", + "5725e44238643c19005ace36": " Richard F. Gordon", + "5725e44238643c19005ace37": " Charles \"Pete\" Conrad", + "5725e44238643c19005ace38": " Richard F. Gordon, Jr. Conrad and Bean carried the first lunar surface color television camera, but it was damaged when accidentally pointed into the Sun", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": " the Lunar Roving Vehicle", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": " Block II spacesuit was revised for the extended missions to allow greater flexibility and visibility", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": " eight more", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": " three days", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": " the mass of the CSM and LM for the last five missions, along with the payload capacity", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": " Commander", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": " two rookies", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": " Commander", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": " Commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": " Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": " NASA", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": " shrink", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": " museum exhibits at the John F. Kennedy Space Center", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": " 1969", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": " Genesis Rock", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": " Genesis Rock", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": " Genesis Rock", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": " Genesis Rock", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": " impact process effects. Many samples appear to be pitted with micrometeoroid impact craters", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "Almost all the rocks show evidence of impact process effects. Many samples appear to be pitted with micrometeoroid impact craters", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "materials melted near an impact crater.)", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": " $170 billion", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": " $170 billion", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": " $170 billion", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": " the space in the Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": "Apollo X,) proposed up to 30 flights to Earth orbit, using the space in the Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": " Saturn upper stage, and grew into the Apollo Applications Program (AAP). The workshop was to be supplemented by Apollo Telescope Missions", + "5725ef6838643c19005acece": " 1973", + "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": " 1973", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": " February 8, 1974", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": " S-IVB orbital workshop", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": " photographing the remnants of the Apollo program left on the lunar surface, and photographed each site where manned Apollo flights landed", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": " Command Module", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": " Command Module in lunar orbit; the degree to which these flags retain their original colors", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": " Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth, and read from the creation story in the Book of Genesis", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": " the creation story in the Book of Genesis", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": " one-quarter of the population of the world saw\u2014either live or delayed", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": " US, marked by Vietnam War protests", + "5725f239271a42140099d35d": " Westinghouse Electric Corporation", + "5725f239271a42140099d35e": " Westinghouse Electric Corporation", + "5725f239271a42140099d35f": " National Archives and Records Administration to be recorded over with newer satellite data. Stan Lebar", + "5725f239271a42140099d360": " satellite data. Stan Lebar", + "5725f239271a42140099d361": " Westinghouse Electric Corporation", + "5725f39638643c19005acef7": " Lowry", + "5725f39638643c19005acef8": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", + "5725f39638643c19005acef9": " $230,000", + "5725f39638643c19005acefa": " Lowry Digital", + "5725f39638643c19005acefb": " conservative digital enhancements and did not include sound quality improvements", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": " primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": " three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": " the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": " the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations and directives", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": " the European Parliament", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": " a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": " three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": " primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725c28a271a42140099d150": " the European Parliament and the Council", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": " primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": " the Treaties establishing the European Union. Secondary sources include regulations", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": " the European Parliament", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": " three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": " Directives", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": " Directives", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": " Directives", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": " Directives", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": " Directives", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": " Directives", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": " the courts of member states", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": " Directives", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": " Directives", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": " Directives", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": " the Treaty on European Union", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": " The Treaties establish the EU's institutions, list their powers and responsibilities, and explain the areas in which the EU can legislate with Directives", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": " citizens", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": " The \"European Council", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": " The European Court of Justice", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": " external relations", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": " Faroe Islands", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": " Individuals", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": " the Treaty provisions have a direct effect", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": " the metropolitan territories", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": " the founding treaties", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": " Gibraltar", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": " the metropolitan territories", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": " Individuals", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": " atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": " 1957", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": " 1985", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": " Norway did not end up joining), Greece in 1979", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": " Austria", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": " coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": " 1992", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": " social Europe in the Treaty of Amsterdam 1997, and to make minor amendments to the relative power of member states", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": " Greenland", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": " Minor amendments were made during the 1960s and 1970s. Major amending treaties were signed to complete the development of a single, internal market", + "57264865dd62a815002e8062": " transparent", + "57264865dd62a815002e8063": " 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force", + "57264865dd62a815002e8064": " the proposed constitutional treaty, but it was formally an amending treaty", + "57264865dd62a815002e8065": " 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force. Instead, the Lisbon Treaty was enacted.", + "57264865dd62a815002e8066": " 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force. Instead, the Lisbon Treaty was enacted.", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": " constitutional law of the European Union", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": " constitutional law of the European Union", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": " the Lisbon Treaty", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": " 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": " The Parliament", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": " President", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": " the President", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": " Federica Mogherini", + "572691545951b619008f76e1": " the President", + "572691545951b619008f76e2": " President", + "572691545951b619008f76e3": " a simple majority vote", + "572691545951b619008f76e4": " Commission", + "572691545951b619008f76e5": " European Commission", + "57264e455951b619008f6f65": " censured by Parliament in 1999, and it eventually resigned due to corruption allegations", + "57264e455951b619008f6f66": " EU taxes), and having immunity from prosecution for doing official acts. Commissioners have sometimes been found to have abused their offices, particularly since the Santer Commission", + "57264e455951b619008f6f67": " few Commissioners had \u2018even the slightest sense of responsibility\u2019. This led to the creation of the European Anti-fraud Office", + "57264e455951b619008f6f68": " President", + "57264e455951b619008f6f69": " a Commissioner can sit in on ECB meetings", + "5726926a5951b619008f7709": " 1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f770a": " Parliament in 1999, and it eventually resigned due to corruption allegations. This resulted in one main case, Commission v Edith Cresson", + "5726926a5951b619008f770b": " the slightest sense of responsibility\u2019. This led to the creation of the European Anti-fraud Office", + "5726926a5951b619008f770c": " few Commissioners had \u2018even the slightest sense of responsibility\u2019. This led to the creation of the European Anti-fraud Office", + "5726926a5951b619008f770d": " Office", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": " the elected representatives in the Parliament cannot initiate legislation against the Commission", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": " every five years", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": " smallest countries have ten times the voting weight in Parliament as citizens of the largest countries, and \"qualified majorities", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": " the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": " 1979", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": " every five years", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": " smallest countries have ten times the voting weight in Parliament as citizens of the largest countries, and \"qualified majorities", + "5726545f708984140094c2a5": " different ministers of the member states", + "5726545f708984140094c2a6": " Poland Prime Minister Donald Tusk", + "5726545f708984140094c2a7": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote", + "5726545f708984140094c2a8": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote", + "5726545f708984140094c2a9": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": " Council", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": " 55", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": " 55 per cent of the Council members (not votes) representing 65", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": " three readings, starting with a Commission proposal, where the Parliament must vote by a majority of all MEPs", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": " TEU", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": " budgets", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": " a debate about the Kompetenz-Kompetenz question", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": " TEU", + "572695285951b619008f774b": " budgets", + "572695285951b619008f774c": " a majority in Parliament", + "572695285951b619008f774d": " a debate about the Kompetenz-Kompetenz question", + "572695285951b619008f774e": " a \"Conciliation Committee", + "572658435951b619008f7025": " president", + "572658435951b619008f7026": " Civil Service Tribunal", + "572658435951b619008f7027": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", + "572658435951b619008f7028": "the English Court of Appeal", + "572658435951b619008f7029": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": " president", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": " judicial branch", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": " three years", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", + "57265e455951b619008f70bb": " a provision of national law, then EU law has primacy", + "57265e455951b619008f70bc": " Costa had no claim. By contrast, the Court of Justice", + "57265e455951b619008f70bd": " Costa v ENEL", + "5726975c708984140094cb1f": " Costa v ENEL", + "5726975c708984140094cb20": " EU law would not \"be overridden by domestic legal provisions, however framed... without the legal basis of the community itself being called into question.\"", + "5726975c708984140094cb21": " Commission", + "572699db5951b619008f7799": " EU law takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties", + "572699db5951b619008f779a": " democracy", + "572699db5951b619008f779b": " express wish", + "572699db5951b619008f779d": " ultimate authority", + "572699db5951b619008f779c": " the rule of law and the social state principles) then it cannot override German law", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": " constitutional law concerns the European Union's governance structure", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": " 1986", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": " proportionality", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": " constitutional law concerns the European Union's governance structure, administrative law", + "57269bb8708984140094cb95": " EU Regulations", + "57269bb8708984140094cb96": " a good justification", + "57269bb8708984140094cb97": " postal company", + "57269bb8708984140094cb98": " Treaty provisions in this sense, because as TFEU article 288", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": " TFEU article 288", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": " 4 weeks paid holidays", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": " 28 days", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": " The Court of Justice", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": " laws", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": " laws", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": " 10 years, from age 18 to 28", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": " CIA Security v Signalson", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": " citizen or company can invoke a Directive, not just in a dispute with a public authority, but in a dispute with another citizen", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": " Textbooks", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "ations", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": " insurance fund", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": " 6 million Lira", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": " the European Court of Justice", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity", + "5726a09f708984140094cc39": " the European Court of Justice", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Proportionality is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": " least onerous", + "5726a14c708984140094cc51": " legitimate expectation", + "5726a14c708984140094cc52": " Legislation in member states", + "5726a14c708984140094cc53": " proper legal basis. Legislation in member states", + "5726a14c708984140094cc54": " the principles of legal certainty and good faith", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": " constitutional traditions common to the member states", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": " the constitutions of member states", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": " the original treaties establishing the European Union", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": " 1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": " the original treaties establishing the European Union", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": " The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union draws a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": " 12 December 2007", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": " the fundamental rights which were previously considered general principles", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": " the European Court of Justice", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": " 7 December 2000", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": " 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": " 1989", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": " Community", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": " 30 general principles", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": " 40 pieces", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": " 11 of the then 12", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": " The UK subsequently was the only member state to veto the Social Charter being included as the \"Social Chapter\" of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": " Agreement on Social Policy", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": " 1989", + "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": " 1994 Works Council Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78de": " 1994 Works Council Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78df": " 1994 Works Council Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": " 1994 Works Council Directive, which required workforce consultation in businesses, and the 1996 Parental Leave Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": " workforce consultation", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "ECSC) agreement between France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": " 1951", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": " cartels", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": " public undertakings, and article 92 making provisions on state aid. Regulations on mergers", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": " the EC Treaty, which established the European Economic Community", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": " Article 101", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": " the abuse of dominant position, such as price discrimination and exclusive dealing. Article 102 allows the European Council to regulations to govern mergers between firms", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": " enterprises must adhere to the same competition principles as companies", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "the current regulation is the Regulation 139/2004", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": " a free trade area had a tendency to give way to a customs union", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": " union", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": " consumer prices", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": " standards", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": " a free trade area had a tendency to give way to a customs union", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": " a customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": " parallel importers", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": " private actors", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": " Belgian tomato imports", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": " customs union", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": " 25 per cent", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": " France", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": " a product's content or packaging", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": " a product's content or packaging", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": " a product's content or packaging", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": " restrictions on advertising", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": " restrictions on advertising", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": " restrictions on advertising and marketing. In Konsumentombudsmann", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": " restrictions on advertising and marketing. In Konsumentombudsmann", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "citizenship\", so that people had rights to empower them to become economically and socially active", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "citizenship\", so that people had rights to empower them to become economically and socially active", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship\", so that people had rights to empower them to become economically and socially active", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "citizenship\", so that people had rights to empower them to become economically and socially active", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "citizenship\", so that people had rights to empower them to become economically and socially active", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": " First, articles 1 to 4 generally require that workers can take up employment, conclude contracts, and not suffer discrimination compared to nationals of the member state", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": " USL Dunkerque", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": " Gaelic", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": " Free Movement of Workers", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": " Angonese v Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano", + "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "fundamental\" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice, and has accordingly increased the number of social services that people can access", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "itizenship of the EU has increasingly been seen as a \"fundamental\" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": " Commission v Austria the Court held that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students to avoid \"structural, staffing and financial problems", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": " higher education, along with other forms of vocational training", + "5726c002708984140094d073": " in article 56", + "5726c002708984140094d074": " service freedom. However, the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice would be allowed if they were non-discriminatory", + "5726c002708984140094d075": " service freedom", + "5726c002708984140094d076": " others", + "5726c002708984140094d077": " service freedom. However, the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice would be allowed if they were non-discriminatory", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": " 2006, a toxic waste spill off the coast of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": " Franco Frattini", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": " Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": " 2005", + "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": " people", + "5726c3da708984140094d0da": " Health care", + "5726c3da708984140094d0db": " Health care", + "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": " Health care", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": " UK", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": " \u00a31 of capital", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": " 200,000 Danish krone", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": " creditor protection", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": " Centros Ltd", + "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", + "5725b81b271a42140099d098": " 7,000,000", + "5725b81b271a42140099d099": " nine nations", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": " 16,000 species", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": " moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": " 7,000,000 square kilometres", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": " South America", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": " moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": " 16,000 species", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": " moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": " 7,000,000 square kilometres", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": " South America", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": " 60%", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": " 16,000 species", + "5725be0f271a42140099d117": " savanna regions to expand into the tropics", + "5725be0f271a42140099d118": " a broad diversity of species", + "5725be0f271a42140099d119": " 66\u201334", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": " maximum", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": " a broad diversity of species", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": " savanna regions to expand into the tropics", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": " 45\u00b0", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": " 66\u201334 Mya", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": " a broad diversity of species", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": " 66\u201334 Mya", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": " Middle Miocene", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": " savanna regions to expand into the tropics", + "5725c071271a42140099d127": " middle of the continent by the Purus", + "5725c071271a42140099d128": " the Atlantic", + "5725c071271a42140099d129": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c071271a42140099d12a": " easterly flow toward the Atlantic", + "5725c071271a42140099d12b": " easterly flow toward the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df78f": " the Purus", + "57283d173acd2414000df790": " Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df791": " Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df792": " Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df793": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": " middle of the continent", + "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": " middle of the continent by the Purus", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": " Atlantic", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": " Atlantic", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": " Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": " deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": " small, isolated refugia", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": " Last Glacial Maximum", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": " the available data", + "572841772ca10214002da1a6": " 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)", + "572841772ca10214002da1a7": " Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)", + "572841772ca10214002da1a8": " Last Glacial Maximum", + "572841772ca10214002da1a9": " reduced moist tropical vegetation", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": " deglaciation", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": " sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": " reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": " open forest and grassland", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": " Last Glacial Maximum", + "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": " CALIPSO satellite", + "5725c63438643c19005acca0": " 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", + "5725c63438643c19005acca1": " 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million", + "5725c63438643c19005acca2": " CALIPSO satellite", + "5725c63438643c19005acca3": " 43 million", + "5728455bff5b5019007da078": " 182 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da079": " 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": " 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": " 43 million", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": " 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": " CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons", + "5729ea263f37b319004785be": " CALIPSO", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": " 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": " 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": " 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": " 1 million", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": " 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi) is the maximum that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": " 1 million", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": " 5 million", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": " dense coastal settlements, such as that at Maraj\u00f3, and inland dwellers", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": " 1 million", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": " 1 million", + "572847dd4b864d19001648be": " 1 million", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": " Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": " 1 million", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": " 1 million", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": " 1 million", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": " 1 million", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": " 1 million", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": " Francisco de Orellana", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": " 1540s", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": " diseases from Europe, such as smallpox", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": " AD 0\u20131250", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": " AD 0\u201312", + "5729edd56aef051400155112": " Francisco de Orellana", + "5729edd56aef051400155113": " 1542", + "5729edd56aef051400155114": " Francisco de Orellana", + "5729edd56aef051400155115": " Francisco de Orellana", + "5729edd56aef051400155116": " 11,000", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": " agriculture and silviculture", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": " Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest were found in 2003 by Michael Heckenberger", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": " Michael Heckenberger", + "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", + "5729ef266aef05140015511d": " agriculture and silviculture", + "5729ef266aef05140015511e": " Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest were found in 2003 by Michael Heckenberger", + "5729ef266aef05140015511f": " roads", + "5729ef266aef051400155120": " roads", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": " 40,000", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": " Amazon", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": " 40,000 plant species, 2,200", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": " rainforests", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": " 40,000", + "5729f0db6aef051400155126": " 2.5 million", + "5729f0db6aef051400155127": " 40,000", + "5729f0db6aef051400155128": " 40,000 plant species, 2,200", + "5729f0db6aef051400155129": " 40,000", + "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": " 40,000", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": " 1,100", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": " 16,000", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": " one 2001 study finding a quarter", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": " 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": " 16,000", + "5729f2646aef051400155130": " one 2001 study finding a quarter square kilometer", + "5729f2646aef051400155131": " 16,000", + "5729f2646aef051400155132": " one square kilometer (247 acres) of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants", + "5729f2646aef051400155133": " 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", + "5729f2646aef051400155134": " one 2001 study finding a quarter", + "5729f3831d0469140077967b": " black caiman, jaguar, cougar, and anaconda", + "5729f3831d0469140077967c": " black caiman", + "5729f3831d0469140077967d": " rainforest contains several species that can pose a hazard. Among the largest predatory creatures are the black caiman", + "5729f3831d0469140077967e": " lipophilic alkaloid toxins", + "5729f3831d0469140077967f": " Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus. Malaria", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": " Farms", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": " Farms", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "Deforestation", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": " Farms", + "5729feaf6aef051400155188": " 587,000", + "5729feaf6aef051400155189": " 587,000", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": " livestock pasture. Currently, Brazil is the second-largest global producer of soybeans", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": " the United States", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": " pasture for cattle. Seventy percent", + "572a005f1d046914007796b7": " soy farmers", + "572a005f1d046914007796b8": " increased settlement and deforestation", + "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year) was 18%", + "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year) was 18%", + "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year) was 18%", + "572a020f6aef051400155198": " biodiversity", + "572a020f6aef051400155199": " destruction of the forest", + "572a020f6aef05140015519a": " the carbon contained within the vegetation", + "572a020f6aef05140015519b": " 1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes of carbon. Amazonian forests are estimated to have accumulated 0.62 \u00b1 0.37 tons", + "572a020f6aef05140015519c": " 1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes of carbon. Amazonian forests are estimated to have accumulated 0.62 \u00b1 0.37 tons", + "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": " deforestation", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": " the basin by 2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": " 2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": " deforestation", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": " deforestation", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": " Peruvian Amazon", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": " ethno-biology", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": " deforestation", + "572a064a3f37b31900478660": " Urarina", + "572a064a3f37b31900478661": " ethno-biology", + "572a07c11d046914007796d5": " handheld GPS", + "572a07c11d046914007796d6": " Trio", + "572a07c11d046914007796d7": " southern Suriname", + "572a07c11d046914007796d8": " boundaries", + "572a07c11d046914007796d9": " handheld GPS", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": " tree growth stages", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": " tree growth", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": " mature forest", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": " 2006", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": " four categories: (1) mature forest", + "572a0b101d046914007796e9": " 2005", + "572a0b101d046914007796eb": " rainforest towards a \"tipping point\"", + "572a0b101d046914007796ec": " regional climate, are pushing the rainforest towards a \"tipping point\"", + "572a0b101d046914007796ed": " savanna", + "572a0b101d046914007796ea": " A July 23, 2006 article in the UK newspaper The Independent reported Woods Hole Research Center", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": " 2010", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": " 1,160,000", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": " 1,160,000", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": " 2010", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": " 1.5 gigatons of carbon dioxide", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": " Coelenterata", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": " marine waters worldwide", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": " Coelenterata", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": " Coelenterata", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": " Coelenterata", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": " Coelenterata", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": " Coelenterata", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "combs\u2019", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": " Coelenterata", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": " Coelenterata", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": " water flow through the body cavity", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": " Coelenterata", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": " marine waters", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": " ten times their own weight", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": " 100", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": " 100", + "5725c337271a42140099d163": " 100", + "5725c337271a42140099d164": " 100", + "5725c337271a42140099d165": " ten times their own weight in a day. Only 100", + "5725c337271a42140099d166": " lack tentacles", + "5725c337271a42140099d167": " lack tentacles", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": " ten times their own weight in a day. Only 100", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": " 100", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": " 100", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": " 100", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": " 100", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": " hermaphrodites", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": " miniature cydippids", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": " Fertilization", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": " Fertilization", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": " Fertilization", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": " Fertilization", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": " Fertilization", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": " Fertilization", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": " Fertilization", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": " Fertilization", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": " Fertilization", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": " Fertilization", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": " adult shapes as they grow. The exceptions are the beroids", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": " Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": " Mnemi", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "opsis population", + "5725c69738643c19005accb9": " Mnemi", + "5725c69738643c19005accba": " Mnemi", + "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "Ctenophores", + "5725c69738643c19005accbc": " Mnemi", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": " Mnemi", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": " Mnemi", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": " Mnemi", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": " fish stocks to collapse", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": " other factors, such as over-fishing", + "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": " 66 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accec": " monophyletic", + "5725c91e38643c19005acced": " 515 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accee": " no tentacles", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": " no tentacles", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": " cydippid-like, and that all the modern groups appeared relatively recently, probably after the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": " monophyletic, in other words do not include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": " tentacles", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": " colloblasts", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": " colloblasts", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": " sponges", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": " cnidarians", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": " colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ebf": " colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec0": " colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec1": " all other animals by having colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec2": " basement membranes; muscles; nervous systems; and some have sensory organs. Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec3": " all other animals by having colloblasts", + "572647d0708984140094c14b": " mesogle", + "572647d0708984140094c14c": " two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea", + "572647d0708984140094c14d": " sponges and cnidarians, ctenophores", + "572647d0708984140094c14e": " two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": " eight strips, called comb rows", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": " eight strips, called comb rows", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": " eight strips, called comb rows", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": " eight strips, called comb rows", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": " Pleurobrachia", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": " three coastal genera \u2013 Pleurobrachia", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": " three coastal genera \u2013 Pleurobrachia", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": " three coastal genera \u2013 Pleurobrachia", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": " the gastrodermis. The mouth and pharynx have both cilia", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": " bioluminescence", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": " pharynx have both cilia", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": " pharynx have both cilia", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": " pharynx have both cilia", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": " eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": " eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": " eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": " eight", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": " eight", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": " mesoglea to increase its bulk and decrease its density", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": " mesoglea", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": " to increase its bulk and decrease its density", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": " mesoglea to increase its bulk", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": " the aboral", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": " a statocyst, a balance sensor", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": " transparent dome", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": " a statocyst", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": " a balance sensor", + "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "Cydippid ctenophores", + "57265746dd62a815002e8219": " a pair of long, slender tentacles", + "57265746dd62a815002e821a": " ctenophores", + "57265746dd62a815002e821b": " a sheath", + "57265746dd62a815002e821c": " the narrow end", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "illa", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": " Haeckelia", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": " three types of movement", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": " three types", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": " three types of movement", + "572659ea5951b619008f7051": " eight", + "572659ea5951b619008f7052": " eight", + "572659ea5951b619008f7053": " eight rows", + "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "ocyst a ciliary groove", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": " four auricles", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": " four auricles", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": " four", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": " four auricles", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": " suspended plankton", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "apping their lobes", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": " eight comb-rows", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": " nerves rather than by water disturbances", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": " eight", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": " Nuda", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "uda", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "zip\" the mouth shut", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": " Nuda", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": " Nuda", + "57265e97708984140094c3c3": " Cestida", + "57265e97708984140094c3c6": " 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) long", + "57265e97708984140094c3c4": " two known species, with worldwide distribution in warm, and warm-temperate waters: Cestum veneris", + "57265e97708984140094c3c5": " two known species, with worldwide distribution in warm, and warm-temperate waters: Cestum", + "57265e97708984140094c3c7": " Cestida", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": " oval bodies", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": " comb-rows", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": " comb-rows", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": " oval bodies", + "572683075951b619008f7513": " pores in the epidermis. Fertilization", + "572683075951b619008f7514": " Fertilization", + "572683075951b619008f7515": " Mnemiopsis", + "572683075951b619008f7516": " the parts of the internal canal network under the comb rows, and eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis. Fertilization", + "572683075951b619008f7517": " platyctenids", + "572684365951b619008f753f": " tentacles", + "572684365951b619008f7540": " a more radical metamorphosis", + "572684365951b619008f7541": " a more radical metamorphosis", + "572684365951b619008f7542": " no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", + "572684365951b619008f7543": " parents", + "572686fc708984140094c8e5": " stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera, are disturbed, they produce secretions", + "572686fc708984140094c8e6": " stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera, are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink)", + "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink)", + "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies. Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size", + "5726887e708984140094c917": " no vegetarians", + "5726887e708984140094c918": " jellyfish", + "5726887e708984140094c919": " Haeckelia prey on jellyfish and incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles", + "5726887e708984140094c91a": " Haeckelia", + "5726887e708984140094c91b": " Lampea", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": " other animals. It is also often difficult to identify the remains of ctenophores in the guts of possible predators", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "Ctenophores", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "Ctenophores", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": " large seasonal variations in population, most fish that prey on them are generalists", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": " large seasonal variations in population, most fish that prey on them are generalists", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": " eating both fish larvae and small crustaceans", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": " North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": " North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": " North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": " North American ctenophore Beroe ovata, and by a cooling of the local climate", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": " Ediacaran Eoandromeda", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": " a comb jelly", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "Cambrian", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": " Three additional putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale and other Canadian rocks of similar age, about 505 million", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": " tentacles", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": " 515 million years ago", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": " Stromatoveris", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": " animals whose descendants became swimmers", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": " about 515 million years ago", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": " Ediacaran", + "57269016708984140094ca41": " Bilateria, sister to the Cnidaria", + "57269016708984140094ca42": " Metazoa", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": " Richard Harbison", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": " 26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic", + "572691bedd62a815002e89de": " 65.5 million years ago", + "572691bedd62a815002e89df": " all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": " 220 miles (350 km) northwest of Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": " Fresno means \"ash tree\"", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": " 520,159", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": " Los Angeles, 170 miles (270 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": " 1872", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": " Millerton residents, drawn by the convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding, moved to the new community. Fresno became an incorporated city", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": " 1872", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": " 47 streetcars over 49 miles", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": " Central Pacific Railroad", + "5725d183271a42140099d23d": " 94.0%", + "5725d183271a42140099d23e": " Little Armenia", + "5725d183271a42140099d23f": " Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno, was the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center", + "5725d183271a42140099d240": " Fairgrounds", + "5725d183271a42140099d241": " assembly center", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": " Visa Inc", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": " Visa Inc", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": " Visa Inc", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": " 1976", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": " Visa Inc", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": " Bill Aken", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": " Bob Gallion", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": " Madera", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": " Bob Gallion of the world-famous \"WWVA Jamboree\" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": " Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": " three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": " Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": " Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": " Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": " Woodward Park", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": " World War II", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": " Courthouse", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": " Hughes Hotel", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": " World War II", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": " 1964", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": " Downtown Fresno", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": " Downtown Fresno", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": " automobile traffic. The public art pieces will be restored and placed near their current locations and will feature wide sidewalks", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": " Fulton Mall", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": " Chestnut Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": " Kings Canyon", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": " the 1950s", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": " William P. Bell", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": " William P. Bell", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": " downtown Fresno proper", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": " in 1939", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": " water tower", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "The popular neighborhood known as the Tower District is centered around the historic Tower Theatre", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": " downtown Fresno proper, and one-half mile south of Fresno City College", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": " the late 1970s, which at that time showed second and third run movies, along with classic films. Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": " Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": " 1978,[citation needed] at Olive and Wishon Avenues", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": " Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": " Wiz", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": " nightclub", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": " restaurants", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": " LGBT and hipster Communities", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": " LGBT and hipster Communities", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": " LGBT and hipster Communities", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": " Mission Revival Style architecture, and many Storybook houses designed by Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler. The residential architecture of the Tower District", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": " Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler. The residential architecture of the Tower District", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": " tract homes urban sprawl", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": " 267 homes. This rapid development was no doubt hastened by the Fresno Traction Company right-of-way along Huntington Boulevard", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": " William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": " 1914", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": " 267 homes", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": " 267 homes. This rapid development was no doubt hastened by the Fresno Traction Company right-of-way along Huntington Boulevard", + "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno\", is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city. The neighborhood lies southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": " Downtown", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "Southwest Fresno\", is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city. The neighborhood lies southwest of the 99 freeway", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Southwest", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": " Nielsen Ave", + "5725f00938643c19005aced7": " entrepreneur", + "5725f00938643c19005aced8": " tall palm trees", + "5725f00938643c19005aced9": " Thorne Ave", + "5725f00938643c19005aceda": " Brookhaven", + "5725f00938643c19005acedb": " Kearney Boulevard", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": " between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": " B streets", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": " stench from these (and other small industrial facilities) has long plagued area residents. The Fresno Chandler Executive Airport", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": " Airport", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": " the area near Fresno Street and State Route 99 Freeway", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": " Ralph Woodward", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": " 300 acres", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": " 2,500", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": " 22 miles (35 km) between Highway 99 and Friant Dam", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": " 300 acres (1.2 km2). Now packed with amenities, Woodward Park is the only Regional Park of its size in the Central Valley", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": " William Smilie", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": " William Smilie", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": " William Smilie", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": " William Smilie", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": " William Smilie", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": " December", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": " December", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": " December", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": " northwest", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": " December", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": " 115 \u00b0F", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": " July 8, 1905", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": " July 8, 1905", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": " 115 \u00b0F", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": " 115 \u00b0F", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": " 494,665", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": " 494,665", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": " 494,665", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": " 30.0%", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": " 494,665", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": " 12,843", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": " 12,843", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": " 35,064", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": " 3.07", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": " 3.07", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": " 427", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": " 427,652", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": " 427,652", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": " 427,652", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": " 4,097.9", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": " KMJ-TV", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": " KMJ-TV", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": " June 1, 1953", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": " NBC affiliate", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": " NBC affiliate", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": " 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": " Sierra Freeway, heads east to the city of Clovis and Huntington Lake. State Route 41", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": " Atascadero in the south, and then heads north to Yosemite. State Route 180", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "Kings Canyon Freeway) comes from the west via Mendota, and from the east in Kings Canyon National Park", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": " 1950s", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": " 99", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": " signage", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": " San Joaquins", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": " Downtown Fresno", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": " San Joaquins. The main passenger rail station is the recently renovated historic Santa Fe Railroad Depot", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": " San Joaquins. The main passenger rail station is the recently renovated historic Santa Fe Railroad Depot in Downtown Fresno", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": " Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": " Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": " Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": " National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": " Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": " Bell System. The new concept found little resonance among network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": " Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switch", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": " fee", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": " fee", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": " fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": " fee", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": " fee", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": " fee", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": " fee", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": " first-in, first-out buffering", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": " first-in, first-out buffering", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": " radio or 10BASE5", + "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": " first-in, first-out buffering", + "5726356938643c19005ad300": " first-in, first-out buffering", + "5726356938643c19005ad301": " radio or 10BASE5", + "5726249538643c19005ad07f": " RAND Corporation", + "5726249538643c19005ad080": " three key ideas: use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", + "5726249538643c19005ad081": " three key ideas: use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", + "5726249538643c19005ad082": " three key ideas: use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": " three key ideas: use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": " store and forward switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": " three key ideas: use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": " three key ideas: use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": " Lawrence Roberts", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": " Lawrence Roberts", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": " Lawrence Roberts", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": " ARPANET", + "5726378238643c19005ad313": " Lawrence Roberts", + "5726378238643c19005ad314": " Lawrence Roberts", + "5726378238643c19005ad315": " Lawrence Roberts", + "5726385e271a42140099d797": " destination address", + "5726385e271a42140099d798": " different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address", + "5726385e271a42140099d799": " a destination address", + "5726385e271a42140099d79a": " the original message/data is reassembled", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": " connection identifier", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": " a packet requires the node to look up the connection id", + "5726398589a1e219009ac589": " address", + "5726398589a1e219009ac588": " setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication. The packets include a connection identifier rather than address", + "57263b1638643c19005ad333": " handshake", + "57263b1638643c19005ad335": " ISDN", + "57263b1638643c19005ad334": " ISDN", + "57263b1638643c19005ad336": " ISDN", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": " X.25", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": " Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "UDP", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": " Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core. In the datagram", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": " addresses", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": " Louis Pouzin", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": " Louis Pouzin", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": " Louis Pouzin", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": " ARPANET architecture", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": " Digital Equipment Corporation", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": " three layers, it later (1982) evolved into a seven-layer OS", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": " seven-layer OS", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": " Digital Equipment Corporation", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": " four computer sales and service centers (Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix) to facilitate a computer time-sharing", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix) to facilitate a computer time-sharing", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": " four computer sales and service centers (Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix) to facilitate a computer time-sharing", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": " Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": " public universities, was formed in 1966 as the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": " three", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": " the mid-1980s", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": " CCITT", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": " ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": " CCITT", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": " CCITT", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": " GTE", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": " public networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": " public networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": " public networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": " government agencies and large companies (mostly banks and airlines) to build their own dedicated networks. The private networks were often connected via gateways", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": " public network", + "572643de5951261400b5195a": " Deutsche Bundespost. X.75", + "572643de5951261400b5195b": " Bell Northern", + "572643de5951261400b5195c": " Deutsche Bundespost. X.75", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": " Telstra", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": " Telstra", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": " Telstra", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": " X.121 DNIC 2041), the name also referred to the public PAD service Telepad", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": " KPN). Strictly speaking Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": " the network and the connected users", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": " X.121 DNIC 2041), the name also referred to the public PAD service Telepad", + "5726462b708984140094c117": "CSNET", + "5726462b708984140094c118": " ARPANET", + "5726462b708984140094c119": " ARPANET", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": " Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": " Level 3 Communications", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": " Abilene", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": " Level 3 Communications", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": " Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": " Internet backbone", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": " advanced research and education networking", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": " Internet backbone", + "572648d1708984140094c15d": " 12 national points of presence with DS-3", + "572648d1708984140094c15e": " 12 national points of presence with DS-3", + "572648d1708984140094c15f": " 12 national points of presence with DS-3", + "572648d1708984140094c160": " 12 national points of presence with DS-3", + "572648d1708984140094c161": " 12 national points of presence", + "57264684708984140094c123": " 30\u201360% of Europe's total population", + "57264684708984140094c124": " 30\u201360% of Europe's total population", + "57264684708984140094c125": " 30\u201360%", + "57264684708984140094c126": " the 17th century", + "57264684708984140094c127": " 30\u201360%", + "572647935951b619008f6ec9": " Yersinia pestis", + "572647935951b619008f6eca": " Nestorian graves dating to 1338", + "572647935951b619008f6ecb": " China", + "572647935951b619008f6ecc": " China", + "572647935951b619008f6ecd": " 25 million", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": " Genoese traders", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": " Jani Beg was suffering from the disease, the army catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": " Black Death", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": " Sicily and the south of Europe", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": " Black Death", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": " Norway in 1349", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": " Norway", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": " Kingdom of Poland", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": " June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": " June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany and Scandinavia from 1348 to 1350. It was introduced in Norway in 1349", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": " Asia Minor", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": " Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": " Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": " north, most of them dying during the journey, but the infection had been spread to the people of Asia Minor", + "57264a74708984140094c18b": " J.I. Pontanus", + "57264a74708984140094c18c": "Gasquet", + "57264a74708984140094c18d": " black death\"). The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany", + "57264a74708984140094c18e": " medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death", + "57264a74708984140094c18f": " Black Death", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": " bad air", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": " plague tracts", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": " Miasma", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": " Miasma theory", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": " plague", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": " 19th-century plague was begun by teams of scientists who visited Hong Kong in 1894", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": " Black Death", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "as", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": " two populations of rodents", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": " Francis Aidan", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": " Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": " 1908", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": " Francis Aidan", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": " Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": " 30\u201375%", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": " purple skin patches", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": " 30\u201375%", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": " 30\u201375%", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": " a mortality rate of 30\u201375% and symptoms including fever of 38\u201341 \u00b0C", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": " Yersinia pestis", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": " Yersinia pestis", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": " Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": " pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": " Yersinia pestis", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": " two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the Y. pestis", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": " Y. p. orientalis", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": " two waves", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": " two waves. Surveys of plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": " two waves", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": " a variant of Y. pestis", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": " Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": " a variant of Y. pestis that may no longer exist", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": " plague victims", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": " British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": " Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": " Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": " the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": " Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death", + "5726516a708984140094c223": " researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics", + "5726516a708984140094c224": " England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100%", + "5726516a708984140094c225": " 100%", + "5726516a708984140094c226": " clergy", + "5726516a708984140094c227": " the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", + "57265285708984140094c25b": " rats", + "57265285708984140094c25c": " goods", + "57265285708984140094c25d": " northern Europe", + "57265285708984140094c25e": " rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas", + "57265285708984140094c25f": " between the 14th and 17th centuries", + "5726534d708984140094c26d": " Y. pestis have been put forward. Twigg suggested that the cause was a form of anthrax, and Norman Cantor", + "5726534d708984140094c26e": " Archaeologist Barney Sloane", + "5726534d708984140094c26f": " Archaeologist Barney Sloane", + "5726534d708984140094c270": " Public Health England announced the results of an examination of 25 bodies exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London", + "5726534d708984140094c271": " 25 bodies exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": " about a third. The Black Death", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": " about a third. The Black Death killed about 40% of Egypt's population. Half of Paris's population of 100,000", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": " some pre-planning and Christian burials", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": " about a third. The Black Death", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": " about a third. The Black Death", + "572654e2708984140094c2b7": " 14th to 17th centuries", + "572654e2708984140094c2b8": " Second Pandemic", + "572654e2708984140094c2b9": " 1628", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": " 7 million to as low as 4 million", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": " died out", + "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": " 7 million to as low as 4 million", + "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": " 1665", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": " 40,000", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": " Russia", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": " the Great Plague of Vienna", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": " 40,000", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": " 40,000", + "57265700dd62a815002e820e": " 14%", + "57265700dd62a815002e820f": " about half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants. More than 1.25 million", + "57265700dd62a815002e8210": " 14% of the population. In 1656, the plague killed about half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants. More than 1.25 million", + "57265700dd62a815002e8211": " about 100,000", + "57265700dd62a815002e8212": " 1720", + "5726577f708984140094c301": " one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850", + "5726577f708984140094c302": " 30 to 50 thousand", + "5726577f708984140094c303": " one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850", + "5726577f708984140094c304": " Black Death", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": " three major types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": " heat and pressure", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": " new magma is formed", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": " three major types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": " a characteristic fabric", + "57265d08708984140094c397": " move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle, which is called the asthenosphere", + "57265d08708984140094c398": " tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle, which is called the asthenosphere", + "57265d08708984140094c399": " tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle, which is called the asthenosphere", + "57265d08708984140094c39a": " the convection of the mantle", + "57265d08708984140094c39b": " 1960s", + "57265f605951b619008f70db": "cs", + "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "cs", + "57265f605951b619008f70dd": " Arcs", + "57265f605951b619008f70de": " the continents move across the surface of the Earth over geologic time. They also provided a driving force for crustal deformation", + "57265f605951b619008f70df": " the convecting mantle", + "57266193dd62a815002e832a": " layered model of the Earth, with a crust and lithosphere", + "57266193dd62a815002e832b": " a crust and lithosphere", + "57266193dd62a815002e832d": " a crust and lithosphere", + "57266193dd62a815002e832e": " a crust and lithosphere", + "57266193dd62a815002e832c": " a crust and lithosphere", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": " Holocene", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": " Holocene", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": " Holocene", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": " Holocene", + "572665ff708984140094c4c3": " cross-cutting", + "572665ff708984140094c4c4": " thrust fault", + "572665ff708984140094c4c5": " key bed", + "572665ff708984140094c4c6": " thrust fault", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": " xenoliths are found. These foreign bodies are picked up as magma or lava flows", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": " magma or lava flows", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": " A similar situation with igneous rocks occurs when xenolith", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": " if inclusions (or clasts) are found in a formation", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": " A similar situation with igneous rocks", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": " William Smith", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": " William Smith", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": " fossilization", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": " a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William Smith", + "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": " Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, the principles of succession were developed independently of evolutionary thought", + "57266c015951b619008f7237": " geologic events using radioactive isotopes", + "57266c015951b619008f7238": " fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another", + "57266c015951b619008f7239": " new absolute ages", + "57266c015951b619008f723a": " one another", + "57266c015951b619008f723b": " fossil sequences", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": " Thermochemical techniques can be used to determine temperature profiles", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": " stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice.", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": " isotope ratios of radioactive elements", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": " isotopes", + "5726701add62a815002e84c8": " fold instead of faulting", + "5726701add62a815002e84c9": " Movement along faults can result in folding, either because the faults are not planar or because rock layers are dragged along, forming drag folds", + "5726701add62a815002e84ca": " shallow crust", + "5726701add62a815002e84cb": " shallow crust", + "5726701add62a815002e84cc": " anticlines", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": " faulting", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": " boudins", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": " less than a meter. Rocks at the depth to be ductile", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": " metamorphosed", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": " Normal faults drop rock units that are higher below those that are lower. This typically results in younger units being placed below older units. Stretching", + "572673f5708984140094c69b": "ikes", + "572673f5708984140094c69c": " large numbers in areas that are being actively deformed. This can result in the emplacement of dike swarms", + "572673f5708984140094c69d": " topographic gradients", + "572673f5708984140094c69e": " sediment, and continues to create accommodation space", + "572673f5708984140094c69f": " ashes and lavas", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": " layered basalt", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": " Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": " Hawaiian Islands, for example, consist almost entirely of layered basaltic lava flows", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": " lower rock units were metamorphosed and deformed", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": " Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada", + "572677e7708984140094c723": " study of rocks), stratigraphy", + "572677e7708984140094c724": "the study of sedimentary layers), and structural geology", + "572677e7708984140094c725": "the study of positions of rock units", + "572677e7708984140094c726": " soils", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": " Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": " Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": " geochemical evolution of rock units", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": " Two", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": " Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": " change through igneous and metamorphic processes", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": " change through igneous and metamorphic processes", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": " metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization", + "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural geologists", + "57267d52708984140094c7da": " oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks which gives information about strain within the crystalline structure", + "57267d52708984140094c7db": " of faults and folds in order to reconstruct the history of rock deformation", + "57267d52708984140094c7dc": " large and small settings", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": " lower surface into a back stop, which results in realistic-looking patterns of faulting", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": " orogenic wedges", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": " lower surface into a back stop, which results in realistic-looking patterns of faulting", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": " angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": " erosion and uplift in the mountain belt", + "57268066708984140094c821": " three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", + "57268066708984140094c822": " three dimensions", + "57268066708984140094c823": " three dimensions", + "57268066708984140094c824": " three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", + "57268066708984140094c825": " water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": " Geochronologists precisely date rocks within the stratigraphic section in order to provide better absolute bounds", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": " Magnetic stratigraphers look for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within the drill cores. Other scientists perform stable isotope studies", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": " Other scientists perform stable isotope studies", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": " Geochronologists precisely date rocks within the stratigraphic section in order to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition", + "572683f95951b619008f7525": " Persia", + "572683f95951b619008f7526": " Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", + "572683f95951b619008f7527": " Shen Kuo", + "572683f95951b619008f7528": " polymath Shen Kuo (1031\u20131095) formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation", + "572683f95951b619008f7529": "1031\u20131095) formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation", + "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", + "57268527708984140094c8c0": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth", + "57268527708984140094c8c1": "95", + "57268527708984140094c8c2": " Royal Society of Edinburgh", + "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": " William Maclure", + "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": " 1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": " 1809 by William Maclure. In 1807", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "ations on the Geology of the United States", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": " Smith's geological map of England", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": " Geology", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": " uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": " catastrophism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": " today", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Sir Charles Lyell first published his famous book, Principles of Geology, in 1830. This book, which influenced the thought of Charles Darwin", + "5726642f5951b619008f7157": " 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles (446 km) north of London", + "5726642f5951b619008f7158": " 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh", + "5726642f5951b619008f7159": " English Core Cities Group", + "5726642f5951b619008f715a": " Northumberland", + "5726642f5951b619008f715b": " Geordie", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": " Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": " wool trade", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": " Pons Aelius", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": " the 16th century", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": " Pons Aelius", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": " Pons Aelius", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": " River Tyne", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": " 2,000", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": " West Road", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": " 2,000", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": " Incorporated first by Henry II", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": " Elizabeth in 1589.", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": " invaders during the Border war", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": " William the Lion", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": " three times", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": " coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": " Hostmen", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": " pursuit", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": " eccentric", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": " Hostmen", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": " 7,000", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": " 7,000", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": " 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague, more than one-third", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": " 7,000", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": " 7,000", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": " King", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": " Scots, captured the town of Newburn", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": " sacked by Cromwell", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": " Charles I", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": " Charles I was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646\u20137", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": " urbanization", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": " Maling company", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": " Industrial Revolution", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": " Industrial Revolution", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": " steam turbine", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": "arrow alleys", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": " riverside. Stairs", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": " Castle Keep", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "ayside contain modern buildings as well as structures dating from the 15th\u201318th centuries", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": " restaurant", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": " Broadcaster and writer Stuart Macon", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": " Nikolaus Pevsner", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": " Grey Street", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": " the 1960s to make way for the Eldon Square Shopping Centre", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": " Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": " Town Moor", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": " the right to graze cattle on it", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": " June", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": " June", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": " Honorary freemen include Bob Geldof, King Harald V of Norway", + "57267076708984140094c601": " North-East", + "57267076708984140094c602": " Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", + "57267076708984140094c603": " North-East", + "57267076708984140094c604": " North-East", + "57267076708984140094c605": " 2008", + "572671165951b619008f72b7": " Grainger Town", + "572671165951b619008f72b8": " 450 buildings, 244 are listed, of which 29 are grade I and 49 are grade II", + "572671165951b619008f72b9": " four stories high, with vertical dormers, domes, turrets and spikes", + "572671165951b619008f72ba": " 244 are listed, of which 29 are grade I and 49 are grade II", + "572671e55951b619008f72d7": " Butcher Market", + "572671e55951b619008f72d8": " Butcher Market", + "572671e55951b619008f72d9": " 2000", + "572671e55951b619008f72da": " Butcher Market", + "572671e55951b619008f72db": " English Heritage", + "57267383dd62a815002e8552": " oceanic", + "57267383dd62a815002e8553": " North Atlantic Drift). Being in the rain shadow of the North Pennines, it is among the driest cities in the UK. Temperature", + "57267383dd62a815002e8554": " rain shadow of the North Pennines, it is among the driest cities in the UK. Temperature", + "57267383dd62a815002e8555": " Weather Centre", + "57267383dd62a815002e8556": " the remainder of the British Isles", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": " 2010", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": " Eldon Square", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": " Eldon Square", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": " department store", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": " March 2007", + "5726769c708984140094c711": " Eldon Garden", + "5726769c708984140094c712": " Tesco store", + "5726769c708984140094c713": " Tesco store in the United Kingdom is located in Kingston Park", + "5726769c708984140094c714": " MetroCentre", + "5726769c708984140094c715": " Gateshead", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": " Tyneside flat", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "aces", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": " Ouseburn valley", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": " Sakula", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": " A new development in the Ouseburn valley", + "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": " 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments to 25.6", + "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": " five colour-coded brackets at 5.9", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": " five colour-coded brackets", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": " local authorities: Harrogate, Cheltenham", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": " local authorities: Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tunbridge Wells", + "572679c35951b619008f73db": " around 259,000", + "572679c35951b619008f73dc": " 189,863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442", + "572679c35951b619008f73dd": " student population with Newcastle and Northumbria Universities", + "572679c35951b619008f73de": " 189,863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000", + "572679c35951b619008f73df": " 189,863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": " 37.8", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": " Scottish or Irish ancestors. There is a strong presence of Border Reiver", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": " Border Reiver", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": " 1%", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": " 1%", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": " Geordie", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": " Modern English", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": " Modern English", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": " Geordie", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": " Modern English", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": " Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": " Northern United Kingdom", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": " Geordie", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": " Scots", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": " Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", + "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": " Ear Institute at the University College London", + "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": " 80.4 decibels", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": " 80.4", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": " 80.4 decibels", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": " 80.4 decibels", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": " high-end bars", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": " a new indoor complex consisting of bars", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": " Newcastle", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "The Pink Triangle'", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": " Bigg Market", + "57267f695951b619008f74bd": " theatre", + "57267f695951b619008f74be": " Mosley Street", + "57267f695951b619008f74bf": " 1788", + "57267f695951b619008f74c0": " 21 January 1788", + "57267f695951b619008f74c1": " Mosley Street", + "5726800add62a815002e8750": "ateshead", + "5726800add62a815002e8751": "ateshead", + "5726800add62a815002e8752": "ateshead", + "5726800add62a815002e8753": "ateshead", + "5726800add62a815002e8754": " arts capital of the UK", + "572680865951b619008f74e7": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", + "572680865951b619008f74e8": " 10,000", + "572680865951b619008f74e9": " 150,000", + "572680865951b619008f74ea": " Joseph Swan", + "572680865951b619008f74eb": " Joseph Swan", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": " Beer Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": " Newcastle Beer Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": " North East Art Expo", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": " Newcastle Beer Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": " 2 weeks each year in mid June", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": " Community Green Festival", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": " Newcastle Town", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": " Temperance Movement during the early 1880s and coincides with the annual race week at High Gosforth Park. Newcastle Community Green Festival", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": " Community Green Festival", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": " Community Green Festival", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": " Arts Fair", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": " Norman Foster designed Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": " Design Event festival\u2014an annual festival providing the public with an opportunity to see work by regional, national and international designers. The SAMA Festival", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": " East Asian cultural festival", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "Gateshead", + "5726847f708984140094c8ab": " Venom", + "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "1971", + "5726847f708984140094c8ad": " Skyclad", + "5726847f708984140094c8ae": " Skyclad", + "5726847f708984140094c8af": " Duran Duran was born here in 1961. Brian Johnson", + "57268525dd62a815002e8806": " November 2006 and May 2008", + "57268525dd62a815002e8807": " Old Town Hall", + "57268525dd62a815002e8808": " three cinemas", + "57268525dd62a815002e8809": " Pilgrim Street", + "57268525dd62a815002e880a": " education and teaching suites", + "57268692dd62a815002e8826": " Seven Stories", + "57268692dd62a815002e8827": " Seven Stories", + "57268692dd62a815002e8828": " Seven Stories", + "57268692dd62a815002e8829": " 2009", + "57268692dd62a815002e882a": " Seven Stories", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "1939", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": " Get Carter", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": " Mike Figgis and starring Tommy Lee Jones", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": " Mike Figgis", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": " Mike Figgis and starring Tommy Lee Jones", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": " Gosforth Park", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "Newcastle has a horse racing course at Gosforth Park. The city is also home to the Newcastle Eagles", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": " Diamonds", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": " Gosforth Park", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "9.5 km) Blaydon Race", + "57268885dd62a815002e886a": " 6 miles (9.7 km) from the city centre on the northern outskirts of the city near Ponteland", + "57268885dd62a815002e886b": " Metro Light Rail system", + "57268885dd62a815002e886c": " Metro Light Rail system and a journey into Newcastle city centre takes approximately 20 minutes", + "57268885dd62a815002e886d": " five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK, expecting to reach 10 million", + "57268885dd62a815002e886e": " Metro Light Rail system and a journey into Newcastle city centre takes approximately 20 minutes. The airport handles over five million passengers per year", + "572689385951b619008f761b": " Grade One listed railway stations in the UK", + "572689385951b619008f761c": " Opened in 1850", + "572689385951b619008f761d": " Queen Victoria", + "572689385951b619008f761e": " neoclassical fa\u00e7ade, originally designed by the architect John Dobson, and was constructed in collaboration with Robert Stephenson", + "572689385951b619008f761f": " Manors", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": " Virgin Trains East Coast", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": " Virgin Trains East Coast provides a half-hourly frequency of trains to London King's Cross, with a journey time of about three hours", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": " Edinburgh and a small number of trains extended to Glasgow", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": " Virgin Trains East Coast", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": " Virgin Trains East Coast", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": " Metro", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": " five phases", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": " Tyne and Wear Metro", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": " five phases between 1980 and 1984", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": " 37 million passengers a year", + "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "Metro: All Change", + "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "Metro: All Change.' The programme has replaced all ticket machines and introduced ticket gates at the busiest stations - part of the transition to smart ticketing", + "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "Metro: All Change", + "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "Metro: All Change", + "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "ams", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": " Jesmond to the east coast between Tynemouth and Cullercoats.", + "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": " Gateshead, Chester-le-Street, Durham and Darlington; and the A1058", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "Great North Road\", heading south to Gateshead, Chester-le-Street, Durham and Darlington; and the A1058", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": "1", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": " Tyne Tunnel was increased", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": " Eldon Square", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": " Newcastle upon Tyne", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": " Gateshead", + "57269120708984140094ca59": " 1998", + "57269120708984140094ca5a": " social aims and objectives for cycling include: highlighting the usage of cycling to cut city congestion; educating that cycling promotes healthy living", + "57269120708984140094ca5b": " healthy living", + "57269120708984140094ca5c": " one way streets", + "57269120708984140094ca5d": " national networks", + "5726934f5951b619008f771d": " IJmuiden", + "5726934f5951b619008f771e": " Gothenburg", + "5726934f5951b619008f771f": " 2008", + "5726934f5951b619008f7720": " 2008", + "5726934f5951b619008f7721": " Thomson cruise lines have included Newcastle as a departure port on its Norwegian and Fjords", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": " seven independent schools", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": " LEA-funded 11 to 18", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": " the Royal Grammar School", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": " two smaller colleges in the Newcastle area. St Cuthbert's High School", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": " eleven LEA-funded 11 to 18 schools", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": " two universities \u2014 Newcastle University and Northumbria University", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": " Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": " Northumbria University", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": " universities", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": " Northumbria University", + "572699b55951b619008f778f": " three", + "572699b55951b619008f7790": "82", + "572699b55951b619008f7791": " Fenham. All three cathedrals began their lives as parish churches. St Mary's became a cathedral in 1850 and St Nicholas' in 1882", + "572699b55951b619008f7792": " three cathedrals", + "572699b55951b619008f7793": " parish churches", + "57269b165951b619008f77b3": " Tyne", + "57269b165951b619008f77b4": " Parish Church", + "57269b165951b619008f77b5": " vestries", + "57269b165951b619008f77b6": " Parish Church", + "57269b165951b619008f77b7": " Scots who finally breached the Town Wall", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": " City Road", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": " BBC North East", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": " Tyne Tees", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": " Tyne Tees", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": " Tyne Tees", + "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", + "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "NE1fm", + "57269d745951b619008f77d9": " hospitals across Newcastle and Gateshead", + "57269d745951b619008f77da": " Student Radio", + "57269d745951b619008f77db": "NE1fm", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": " 1709 and died there in 1770", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": " Portuguese writer E\u00e7a de Queiroz", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "Charles Avison", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": " Portuguese writer E\u00e7a de Queiroz", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Charles Avison", + "57269fab5951b619008f7807": " Rutherford Grammar School", + "57269fab5951b619008f7808": " Shearer were born in Newcastle. Multiple circumnavigator David Scott Cowper", + "57269fab5951b619008f7809": " Neville", + "57269fab5951b619008f780a": " keyed Northumbrian smallpipes", + "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "Musicians Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler, Alan Hull, Cheryl Cole and Neil Tennant", + "5726710b708984140094c61d": " Brompton district", + "5726710b708984140094c61e": " over 4.5 million", + "5726710b708984140094c61f": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "5726710b708984140094c620": " Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "572680ac708984140094c83d": " Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, in an area that has become known as \"Albertopolis", + "572680ac708984140094c83e": " 1852", + "572680ac708984140094c83f": " Queen Victoria", + "572680ac708984140094c840": " Culture", + "572680ac708984140094c841": " Victoria and Albert Museum", + "57268294708984140094c877": " 12.5 acres", + "57268294708984140094c878": " 12.5", + "57268294708984140094c879": " 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries. Its collection spans 5,000 years", + "57268294708984140094c87a": " 145 galleries", + "57268294708984140094c87b": " 145 galleries", + "572685cd5951b619008f7573": " Great Exhibition", + "572685cd5951b619008f7574": " Henry Cole, the museum's first director, was involved in planning; initially it was known as the Museum of Manufactures", + "572685cd5951b619008f7575": "ures", + "572685cd5951b619008f7576": " Somerset House", + "572685cd5951b619008f7577": "fried Semper, at the request of Cole, produced a design for the museum, but it was rejected by the Board of Trade", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": " George Wall", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": " 22 June 1857", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": " George Wall", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": " 22 June 1857", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": " 1949", + "57268f2c708984140094ca25": " between September and November 1946", + "57268f2c708984140094ca26": " million and a half visitors", + "57268f2c708984140094ca27": " Council of Industrial Design", + "57268f2c708984140094ca28": " Festival of Britain (1951", + "57268f2c708984140094ca29": " the museum", + "572691d7708984140094ca6d": " concert", + "572691d7708984140094ca6e": " museums was a hallmark of the directorship of Roy Strong", + "572691d7708984140094ca6f": " Roy Strong", + "572691d7708984140094ca70": " Roy Strong", + "57269656708984140094cafd": " University of Dundee", + "57269656708984140094cafe": " \u00a376 million", + "57269656708984140094caff": " waterfront", + "57269656708984140094cb00": " fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography", + "57269656708984140094cb01": " \u00a376 million", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": " Museum of Childhood. The first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum was the Sheepshanks Gallery", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": " the Sheepshanks Gallery in 1857", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": " the eponymous collections", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": " June 1862", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": " the offices", + "57269c06708984140094cba1": " Owen Jones", + "57269c06708984140094cba2": " Owen Jones", + "57269c06708984140094cba3": " James Gamble", + "57269c06708984140094cba4": "\u00e7ade was intended as the main entrance to the museum with its bronze doors designed by James Gamble", + "57269c06708984140094cba5": " bronze doors designed by James Gamble", + "57269d68708984140094cbd7": " three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866\u201368 was the work of Philip Webb and William Morris", + "57269d68708984140094cbd8": " Edward Burne-Jones", + "57269d68708984140094cbd9": " Edward Burne-Jones. The Centre Refreshment Room 1865\u201377 was designed in a Renaissance style by James Gamble", + "57269d68708984140094cbda": " Alfred Stevens", + "57269d68708984140094cbdb": " Green Dining Room 1866\u201368 was the work of Philip Webb", + "5726a0205951b619008f781b": " Henry Young Darracott Scott", + "5726a0205951b619008f781c": " 1867", + "5726a0205951b619008f781d": " Cadeby stone", + "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "prints, drawings, paintings and photographs) and Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA Drawings and Archives Collections); and the Sackler Centre", + "5726a0205951b619008f781f": " 2008", + "5726a2445951b619008f7861": " Scott also designed the two Cast Courts", + "5726a2445951b619008f7862": " Starkie Gardner", + "5726a2445951b619008f7863": " Scott also designed the two Cast Courts 1870\u201373", + "5726a2445951b619008f7864": " south side of the garden", + "5726a2445951b619008f7865": " Scott also designed the two Cast Courts", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": " Aston Webb", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": " red brick", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": " 720 feet", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": " twin doors separated by pier is Romanesque in form but Classical in detail. Likewise the tower above the main entrance has an open work crown", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": " twin doors separated by pier is Romanesque in form but Classical in detail. Likewise the tower above the main entrance has an open work crown", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": " Alfred Drury", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": " four levels", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Prince Albert", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "Prince Albert", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": " arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": " storage space for books in the Art Library", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": " Henry Cole wing from the Royal College of Science", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": " a new entrance building", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": " Christopher Hay and Douglas Coyne", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": " Spiral, between 1978 and 1982", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": " Silver Gallery", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": " Silver Gallery", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "FuturePlan", + "5726afeb708984140094cdda": " South Kensington", + "5726afeb708984140094cddb": " museum; this is known as \"FuturePlan", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": " Kim Wilkie", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": " Kim Wilkie", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": " Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden, on 5 July 2005", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": " receptions", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": " an American Sweetgum", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": " 2004", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": " Royal Institute of British Architects", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": " Royal Institute of British Architects", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": " RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": " Royal Institute of British Architects", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": " 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": " Antonio Visentini. British architects whose drawings, and in some cases models of their buildings, in the collection, include: Inigo Jones", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": " 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": " Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": " Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": " brick portal from a London house of the English Restoration period", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": " brick portal from a London house of the English Restoration period", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": " c1600", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": " Montal. There are several examples from Italian Renaissance buildings", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": " Alhambra", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": " 19,000", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": " 2006", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": " 400 objects with the highlight being the Ardabil Carpet", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": " 400 objects", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": " 1909", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": " 10,000", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": " 6000 paintings", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": " 60,000", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": " 1991", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": " Mughal Empire", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": " 70,000", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": " 70,000 works of art from the countries of East Asia: China, Japan and Korea. The T. T. Tsui Gallery", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": " T. T. Tsui Gallery", + "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": " 1991", + "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": " Ming and Qing dynasties", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": " Toshiba", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": " December 1986", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": " Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986. The majority of exhibits date from 1550 to 1900", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": " 1550 to 1900", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": " bronze incense burner (koro) dated 1875, standing at over 2.25 metres high and 1.25 metres in diameter", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": " Tibetan art from the 14th to the 19th century", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": " Tibetan", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": " Tibetan", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": " Tibetan", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": " Tibetan", + "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": " three parchment-bound manuscripts, Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III", + "5726c9a4708984140094d170": " three parchment-bound manuscripts, Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III", + "5726c9a4708984140094d171": " John Forster", + "5726c9a4708984140094d172": " 1876", + "5726c9a4708984140094d173": " 1876", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": " Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": " Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": " 12th to 16th centuries", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": " trial", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": " Lucas Horenbout", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": " Word and Image Department", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": " Word and Image Department", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": " Encoded Archival Description", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": " National Art Library", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": " \"Search the Collections,\" but not everything is listed", + "5726cfa3708984140094d209": " 2007", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": " Factory Project", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": " Factory Project to reference Andy Warhol", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": " 15,000", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": " Factory Project", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": " Patrons who have influenced taste are also represented by works of art from their collections, these include: Horace Walpole", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": " Asia", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": " Patrons who have influenced taste are also represented by works of art from their collections, these include: Horace Walpole", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": " Patrons who have influenced taste are also represented by works of art from their collections, these include: Horace Walpole", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": " Design", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": " entertainment", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": " entertainment", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": " a large display on the Great Exhibition", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": " manufacturing, and for the first time since the reformation, the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches had a major effect on art and design", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": " John Ruskin", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": " Trajan's Column", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": " Michelangelo's David", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": " David", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": " Trajan's Column", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": " Trajan's Column", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": " 1731", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": " Frederick II", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": " 1762", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": " 1909", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": " museum's stock of Chinese and Japanese ceramics", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": " Josiah Wedgwood", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": " Holland", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": " a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": " a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves from the 16th and 17th centuries", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": " a series of elaborately ornamented ceramic stoves from the 16th and 17th centuries", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": " 4000 years", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": " 4000", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": " 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": " several examples by Ren\u00e9 Lalique", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": " Ren\u00e9 Lalique", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": " 1994", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": " Danny Lane", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": " silverware starting in the 12th century and continuing to the present. Some of the most outstanding stained glass, dated 1243", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": " Galleries. One of the most spectacular items in the collection is the chandelier by Dale Chihuly", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": " 1243", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": " 10,000 British and 2,000", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": " 10,000", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": " Lucian Freud", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": " William Kilburn, Thomas Girtin, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, David Wilkie", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": " Lucian Freud", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": " 14,000", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": " Word and Image department", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": " for special occasions. One of the first significant gifts of costume came in 1913 when the V&A received the Talbot Hughes collection", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": " 1913 when the V&A received the Talbot Hughes collection containing 1,442 costumes", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": " Harrods", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": " 178 Vivienne Westwood", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": " 178 Vivienne Westwood", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": " 178 Vivienne Westwood", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": " Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": " modern fashion", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": " between 1859 and 1865", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": " John Jones Collection", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": " a marquetry commode by the \u00e9b\u00e9niste Jean Henri Riesener", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "82", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": " \u00a3250,000", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": " 1580", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": " 1580 from Antwerp City Hall, attributed to Hans Vredeman", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "1750", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": "1750", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": " Ernest Gimson", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": " 6000", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": " 6000", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": " 154 gems bequeathed in 1869", + "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": " 154 gems", + "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": " William and Judith Bollinger", + "5726ee28708984140094d656": " Silversmith", + "5726ee28708984140094d657": " 1496", + "5726ee28708984140094d658": " 8 tonnes", + "5726ee28708984140094d659": " Sir George Gilbert Scott", + "5726ee28708984140094d655": " 10,000", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": " c1110", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "ilt bronze", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": " 58 cm high Gloucester Candlestick", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": " c1180", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": " 58 cm high Gloucester Candlestick, dated to c1110, made from gilt bronze", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": " 5,100", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": " Horniman Museum and other institutions were possible candidates for loans of material to ensure that the instruments remained publicly viewable", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": " publicly viewable", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": " 25 February 2010", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": " 1130", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": " 1130", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": " about 1130 British and 650 European oil paintings", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": " Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": " numerous scenes and painted by Andr\u00e9s Marzal", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": " 1857", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": " 233", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": " Tate Britain", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": " The Hay Wain.", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": " 233 paintings, mainly by contemporary British artists", + "5726f755708984140094d737": " the galleries of continental art 1600\u20131800", + "5726f755708984140094d738": " Duc d'Alen\u00e7on by Fran\u00e7ois Clouet", + "5726f755708984140094d739": " Fran\u00e7ois, Duc d'Alen\u00e7on by Fran\u00e7ois Clouet", + "5726f755708984140094d73a": " Duc d'Alen\u00e7on by Fran\u00e7ois Clouet", + "5726f90b708984140094d75d": " Eadweard Muybridge", + "5726f90b708984140094d75e": " 1887", + "5726f90b708984140094d75f": " 781", + "5726f90b708984140094d760": " 781 plates. These sequences of photographs taken a fraction of a second apart capture images of different animals and humans", + "5726f90b708984140094d761": " a wide range of society figures", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": " approximately 22,000", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": " 22,000", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": " 1914", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": " tomb and memorial, to portrait", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": " National Galleries of Scotland", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "Neptune and Triton c. 1622\u20133", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": " The Three Graces", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": " The Three Graces", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": " Benvenuto Cellini (Medusa's head dated c. 1547", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": " 20", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": " St John the Baptist", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": " 1914", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": " World War I, although the statue of St John the Baptist", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": " St John the Baptist", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": " Nicholas Stone", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": " Nicholas Stone", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": " Nicholas Stone", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": " Nicholas Stone", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": " Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": " 1950", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": " theme, tomb sculpture, portraiture, garden sculpture and mythology", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": " Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": " Tate Britain, so works by Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": " 53,000", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": " 53,000", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": " Cloth of St Gereon", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": " the Netherlands", + "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": " 15th-century tapestries, woven in the Netherlands, depicting the hunting of various animals; not just their age but their size", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": " four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries, very rare 15th-century tapestries, woven in the Netherlands, depicting the hunting of various animals", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": " Sheldon & Mortlake", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": "One", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": " William Morris", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": "87", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": " William Morris", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": " Serge Chermayeff", + "57270817708984140094d8c7": " Museum", + "57270817708984140094d8c8": " March 2009", + "57270817708984140094d8c9": " Museum", + "57270817708984140094d8ca": " V&A Theatre & Performance galleries, formerly the Theatre Museum", + "57270817708984140094d8cb": " research", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": " Museum", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "interventive\" conservation", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "interventive\" conservation", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "interventive\" conservation", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "interventive\" conservation", + "57267b755951b619008f7433": " Disney\u2013ABC Television Group", + "57267b755951b619008f7434": " 1957", + "57267b755951b619008f7435": " Columbus Avenue", + "57267b755951b619008f7436": " Columbus Avenue", + "57267b755951b619008f7437": " Disney Media Networks", + "57267ca75951b619008f7469": " October 12, 1943 as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network", + "57267ca75951b619008f746a": " NBC Blue Network", + "57267ca75951b619008f746b": " NBC Blue Network", + "57267ca75951b619008f746c": " ESPN", + "57267ca75951b619008f746d": " Capital Cities Communications", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": " eight", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": " eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": " eight", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": " eight", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": " Citadel Broadcasting", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": " Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": " Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": " three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": " three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System", + "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": " lesser importance than those served by NBC Red", + "572681ab708984140094c85d": " NBC and CBS", + "572681ab708984140094c85e": " 1938", + "572681ab708984140094c85f": " 1938", + "572681ab708984140094c860": " NBC and CBS", + "572681ab708984140094c861": " NBC Blue", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": " Mark Woods", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": " Mark Woods. RCA converted the NBC Blue Network into an independent subsidiary, formally divorcing the operations of NBC Red", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": " Dillon, Read & Co", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": " David Sarnoff", + "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": " $7.5 million to purchase the network, but the offer was rejected by Woods and RCA president David Sarnoff", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": " Life Savers", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": " $8 million", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": " George B. Storer", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": " Noble founded, the American Broadcasting System", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": "Edward John Noble", + "57268739708984140094c8ed": " Magnetophon tape recorder", + "57268739708984140094c8ee": " Paul Whiteman", + "57268739708984140094c8ef": " suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters", + "57268739708984140094c8f0": " freedom in terms of time, and also attract several big names, such as Bing Crosby", + "57268739708984140094c8f1": " public service, it aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": " $155 million", + "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": "1", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": " a free-to-air channel in the United Kingdom owned by the ABC Group", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": " ESPN network", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": " the United States", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": " Japan", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": " Japan and Latin America", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": " Japan", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": " Japan and Latin America", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": " the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": " CBS", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": " Leonard Goldenson", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": " June 1953", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": " June 1953", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": " CBS", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": " ABC", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": " Academy Awards", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": " Ryan Seacrest", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": " Ryan Seacrest", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": " Ryan Seacrest", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": " Ryan Seacrest", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": " cable channel TLC", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": " All My Children", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": " Good Morning America and has done so since 1975", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": " The Edge of Night", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": " Good Morning America", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": " 1963. ABC also broadcasts the morning news program Good Morning America", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": " ESPN Sports Saturday block", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": " 2006", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": " 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": " ESPN Sports Saturday block", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": " ESPN-produced highlight compilation programs", + "5726e860708984140094d579": " VHF channel 7", + "5726e860708984140094d57a": " VHF channel 7", + "5726e860708984140094d57b": " 1947", + "5726e860708984140094d57c": " VHF channel 7", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": " 108", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": " two", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": " the DuMont Television Network", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": " two of its competing networks, CBS and NBC", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": " Paramount Pictures", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": " Paramount Pictures", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": " United Paramount", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": " CBS", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": " United Paramount", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "Leonard Goldenson", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": " William S. Paley", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": " William S. Paley", + "5726ed12708984140094d645": " Sixth Report and Order announced the end of its freeze on new station license applications", + "5726ed12708984140094d646": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc", + "5726ed12708984140094d647": " American Broadcasting-Paramount", + "5726ed12708984140094d648": " the Paramount Building", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": " WABC-TV", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": " KGO-TV in San Francisco", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": " Mount Wilson", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": " The Prospect Studios", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": " The Flintstones", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": " 1960s", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": " William Hanna and Joseph Barbera", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": " The Flintstones", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": " $7.5 million", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": " Disney's Wonderful World", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "the network would resume its relationship with Disney in 1985", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": " 1959", + "572734af708984140094dae3": " its circle logo", + "572734af708984140094dae4": " dots and stripes", + "572734af708984140094dae5": " black-and-yellow coloring of the logo and featured dots and stripes", + "572734af708984140094dae6": " Little Dot", + "572735a15951b619008f86bf": " Pittard Sullivan, featuring a small black-and-white \"ABC Circle\" logo", + "572735a15951b619008f86c0": " 1998", + "572735a15951b619008f86c1": "We Love TV\" image campaign", + "572735a15951b619008f86c2": " minimalist graphical identity, designed by Pittard Sullivan, featuring a small black-and-white \"ABC Circle\" logo", + "572736625951b619008f86d1": " 1993\u201394 season, appearing initially only for 60 seconds", + "572736625951b619008f86d2": " 1993\u201394 season, appearing initially only for 60 seconds", + "572736625951b619008f86d3": " 1993", + "572736625951b619008f86d4": " \"That Special Feeling\"", + "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": " 1970s", + "572736fc5951b619008f86da": " bubble on a black background", + "572736fc5951b619008f86db": " bubble on a black background", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": " lowercase letters \"abc\"", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": " Bauhaus typeface designed by Herbert Bayer", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": " Herbert Bayer", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": " lowercase letters \"abc\"", + "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": " Clear Channel Communications", + "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": " six divisions", + "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": " six divisions: Entertainment Communications", + "57273954708984140094db05": " 2004", + "57273954708984140094db06": " series such as Desperate Housewives", + "57273954708984140094db07": " ABC parent Disney\u2013ABC Television Group", + "57273954708984140094db08": " NASCAR", + "57273a0d708984140094db0d": " 2002", + "57273a0d708984140094db0e": " Michael Eisner", + "57273a0d708984140094db0f": " The Bachelor", + "57273a0d708984140094db10": " The Bachelor", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": " WTVD in Raleigh-Durham).", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": " ABC ended the 2000\u201301 season as the most-watched network, ahead of NBC", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": " NBC", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": " April 30, 2000", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": " 2000", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": " The WB", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": " Family Matters and Step by Step to CBS as part of its own failed attempt at a family-oriented Friday comedy block", + "57273c195951b619008f8721": " Millionaire as a regular series, returning on January 18, 2000", + "57273c195951b619008f8722": " a game show based on the British program of the same title. Hosted throughout its ABC tenure by Regis Philbin", + "57273c195951b619008f8723": " Meredith Vieira", + "57273c195951b619008f8724": " Meredith Vieira", + "57273d19708984140094db3d": " The Walt Disney Company announced an agreement to merge with Capital Cities/ABC for $19 billion", + "57273d19708984140094db3e": " ABC Inc", + "57273d19708984140094db3f": " Knight Ridder", + "57273d19708984140094db40": " Robert Iger taking his place as president and CEO", + "57273d19708984140094db41": " Sports Night", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": " three broadcast television networks", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": " three broadcast television networks", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": " Norton Simon, General Electric, International Telephone and Telegraph and Litton Industries", + "57273ef15951b619008f8751": " WABC", + "57273ef15951b619008f8752": " 7 West 66th Street", + "57273ef15951b619008f8753": " Baltimore", + "57273f9d708984140094db51": " Robert Kintner to be ABC's president while he himself served as its CEO", + "57273f9d708984140094db52": " DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db53": " DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db54": " $5 million", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": " Paramount Pictures", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": " The Lone Ranger", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": " The Simpsons", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": " 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": " Walt Disney", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": " Walt Disney", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": " 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": " Roy", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": " $500,000", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": " 1954", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": " anthology television", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": " Allen Shaw", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": " Allen Shaw, a former program manager at WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "LOVE Radio", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": " Allen Shaw", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": " 1969", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": " Aaron Spelling, David Wolper and Steven Spielberg", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": " Aaron Spelling, David Wolper and Steven Spielberg", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": " $400,000", + "572743fb708984140094db93": " 1970s", + "572743fb708984140094db94": " ABC", + "572743fb708984140094db95": " behavioral and demographic data", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": " 1970 also saw the premieres of several soap operas", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": " 1970 also saw the premieres of several soap operas", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": " NBC that year as part of a broadcast deal that in turn saw MNF move to ESPN", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": " 15%", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": " 1972", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": " 1970", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": " two separate companies: the existing Worldvision Enterprises, which would produce and distribute programming for U.S. syndication, and ABC Circle Films", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": " January 2, 1971", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": " January 2, 1971", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": " Henry Plitt in 1974. On January 17, 1972, Elton Rule", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": " Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act which banned cigarette advertising from all television and radio networks, including ABC, when it took effect on January 2, 1971", + "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": " 1976", + "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": " anthology series Love, American Style), as well as several soap operas", + "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": " youth-oriented programming", + "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": " Paramount Pictures", + "572748745951b619008f87b1": " Fred Pierce", + "572748745951b619008f87b2": " Fred Pierce", + "572748745951b619008f87b3": " the detective series S.W.A.T.", + "572748745951b619008f87b4": " 1973", + "5727492f708984140094dbb5": " NBC's entertainment division", + "5727492f708984140094dbb6": " a successful spin-off series, Laverne & Shirley", + "5727492f708984140094dbb7": " the major networks", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": " Alex Haley novel", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": " Aaron Spelling", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": " 1977", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": " 1976\u201377 season. On September 13, 1977", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": " Billy Crystal", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": " Roone Arledge", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": " WABC-TV", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "7 Lincoln Square\"", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": " 149 Columbus Avenue", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": " 1978", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": " Hugh Downs", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": " Barbara Walters", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": " MCA", + "57274cac708984140094dbdd": " ABC Cable", + "57274cac708984140094dbde": " News Now", + "57274cac708984140094dbdf": " WJRT-TV", + "57274cac708984140094dbe0": " WJRT-TV", + "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "The Writers Guild of America", + "57274d905951b619008f87e2": " Duel,", + "57274d905951b619008f87e3": " Disney denied rumors started by Caris & Co. that it would be selling the ten ABC owned-and-operated stations.", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": " ABC Entertainment Group", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": " ABC Entertainment Group", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": " Citadel Media", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": " iTunes", + "57274f07708984140094dbed": " 2004", + "57274f07708984140094dbee": " 2010. That year, the sixth and final season of Lost became the drama's lowest-rated season since its debut in 2004", + "57274f07708984140094dbef": " Fridays", + "57274f07708984140094dbf0": " Wednesdays", + "5727504b5951b619008f881d": " 1970", + "5727504b5951b619008f881e": " two companies: Worldvision", + "5727504b5951b619008f881f": " two companies: Worldvision", + "5727504b5951b619008f8820": " Turner Broadcasting System", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": " Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television (formerly known as Buena Vista Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": " Buena Vista Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": " Buena Vista Television", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": " Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": " 96.26%", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": " eight owned-and-operated stations", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": " 49 states", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": " 96.26%", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": " a new logo based on the seal of the Federal Communications Commission", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": " seal of the Federal Communications Commission", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": " bald eagle", + "57275573708984140094dc45": " 2011", + "57275573708984140094dc46": " E/I block Litton's Weekend Aventure", + "57275573708984140094dc47": " 4:3 standard definition. All of the network's programming has been presented in HD", + "57275573708984140094dc48": " 4:3 standard definition", + "57275650708984140094dc5f": " 720p high definition", + "57275650708984140094dc60": " the network's programming in 1080i HD", + "57275650708984140094dc61": " Hearst Television's 16 ABC-affiliated stations transmit the network's programming in 1080i HD", + "57275650708984140094dc62": "ABC's master feed", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": " Body of Proof", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": " ABC's dramas during that season continued to fail, with the midseason forensic investigation drama Body of Proof", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": " NBC", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": " Body of Proof", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": " All My Children", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": " Prospect Park", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": " 2013", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": " The Revolution", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": " 18\u201349 demographic", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": " 2004, and in second place in total viewership behind long-dominant CBS", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": " 18\u201349 demographic for the first time since 2004, and in second place in total viewership behind long-dominant CBS", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": " The Goldbergs", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": " NBC", + "57275a505951b619008f889f": " The Middle and Modern Family", + "57275a505951b619008f88a0": " Dragon's Den", + "57275a505951b619008f88a1": " Sundays in the spring of 2010", + "57275a505951b619008f88a2": " Shark Tank", + "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Daniel Burke departed from Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994, with Thomas Murphy", + "57275bfb708984140094dc98": " Robert Iger", + "57275bfb708984140094dc99": " NYPD Blue, a gritty police procedural from Steven Bochco", + "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": " Steven Bochco", + "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": " September 1994 saw the debut of NYPD Blue, a gritty police procedural from Steven Bochco", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": " 1993", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": " DIC Entertainment", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": " 23.63%", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": " 23.63%", + "57275e125951b619008f88d7": " Chicago radio station WLS", + "57275e125951b619008f88d8": " Radio programming", + "57275e125951b619008f88d9": " John Bassett, who was trying to establish a television station in Toronto, sought the help of ABC to launch the station. Leonard Goldenson", + "57275e125951b619008f88da": "TV", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": " ABC debuted Wide World of Sports", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": " Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": " Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc. and produced by a young Roone Arledge", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": " Sports Programs, Inc", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": " American Broadcasting Companies", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": " The Dating Game", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": " The Dating Game", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": " 44 story building located at 1330 Avenue of the Americas", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": " 90%", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": " Alpha Repertory Television Service", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": " Three's Company", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": " Alpha Repertory Television Service", + "5727623a5951b619008f8921": " Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", + "5727623a5951b619008f8922": " KXYZ to the Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", + "5727623a5951b619008f8923": " Arts & Entertainment", + "5727623a5951b619008f8924": " Arts & Entertainment", + "572763a8708984140094dcd9": " Daniel B. Burke", + "572763a8708984140094dcda": " Daniel B. Burke", + "572763a8708984140094dcdb": " $465 million", + "572763a8708984140094dcdc": " Daniel B. Burke", + "572763a8708984140094dcdd": " Daniel B. Burke", + "572764855951b619008f8951": " Hospital", + "572764855951b619008f8952": " The View and The Chew and the soap opera General Hospital. ABC News", + "572764855951b619008f8953": " 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. weekdays (along with one-hour weekend editions); nightly editions of ABC World News Tonight", + "572764855951b619008f8954": " The View and The Chew and the soap opera General Hospital. ABC News", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": " Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "WBMA-LD", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": " a co-owned/co-managed full-power television station", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "WLQ", + "57276690708984140094dd01": " Circle Films", + "57276690708984140094dd02": " ABC Studios", + "57276690708984140094dd03": " The Prospect Studios) on Prospect Avenue", + "57276690708984140094dd04": " the ABC Television Center (now The Prospect Studios) on Prospect Avenue", + "5727678e5951b619008f8973": " Times Square Studios", + "5727678e5951b619008f8974": " Good Morning America", + "5727678e5951b619008f8975": " Peter Jennings Way", + "5727678e5951b619008f8976": " World News Tonight", + "572768d9708984140094dd13": " ABC on Demand", + "572768d9708984140094dd14": " Hulu", + "572768d9708984140094dd15": " July 6, 2009", + "572768d9708984140094dd16": " Hulu's website and mobile app), as part of an agreement reached in April that year that also allowed Disney to acquire a 27% ownership stake in Hulu", + "572769e85951b619008f8985": " WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand", + "572769e85951b619008f8986": " January 7, 2014", + "572769e85951b619008f8987": " any ABC program on Hulu", + "572769e85951b619008f8988": " January 7, 2014", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": " LoyalKaspar", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": " four variants", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": " \"ABC Modern\"", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": " ESPN on ABC, while all four variants are used selectively in advertising and by affiliates. A new custom typeface", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": " 14 primary affiliates", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": " 14 primary affiliates", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": " 14 primary affiliates", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": " Congress in 1961) mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning", + "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": "hours clearances", + "57276d7f708984140094dd40": " five times lower viewership than its competitors", + "57276d7f708984140094dd41": " WTRF-TV in Wheeling, West Virginia to begin airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel", + "57276d7f708984140094dd42": " the 1960s", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": " Walt Disney Presents", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": " Desilu Productions pitched its detective series The Untouchables to CBS", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": " Desilu Productions pitched its detective series The Untouchables to CBS", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": " The Untouchables in April 1959", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": " CBS and NBC in broadcasting films on Sunday nights in 1962, with the launch of the ABC Sunday Night Movie", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": " $15.5 million", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": " Hanna-Barbera, The Jetsons", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": " 1962", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": " 1962", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": " ITT", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": " cable television market", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": " the Department of Justice", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": " December 7, 1965", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": " Capital Cities Communications", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": "3.5 billion", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": " Warren Buffett", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": " E. W. Scripps Company", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": " 12", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": "/ABC, Inc", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "/ABC, Inc", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": "ABC, Inc", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "/ABC, Inc", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "ABC, Inc", + "57277585708984140094de2b": " four of ABC's marquee shows of the 1970s ended their runs during the mid-1980s: Laverne & Shirley", + "57277585708984140094de2c": " four of ABC's marquee shows of the 1970s ended their runs during the mid-1980s: Laverne & Shirley", + "57277585708984140094de2d": " the success of series such as The Cosby Show, Cheers and Miami Vice", + "57277585708984140094de2e": " four of ABC's marquee shows of the 1970s ended their runs during the mid-1980s: Laverne & Shirley", + "57277585708984140094de2f": " The Cosby Show, Cheers and Miami Vice", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": " \"TGIF\"", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": " 1989 debut of the \"TGIF\" block", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": " Miller-Boyett Productions", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": " Family Matters, Full House and Perfect Strangers on the \"TGIF\" schedule) and through its development deal with Paramount Television", + "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": " seven", + "572776e85951b619008f8a80": " seven radio stations", + "572776e85951b619008f8a81": " seven radio stations", + "572776e85951b619008f8a82": " 1985", + "572776e85951b619008f8a83": " Redwood City", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": " between 10% and 18%", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": " between 10% and 18%", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": " between 10% and 18%", + "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": " Ollie Treiz", + "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": " Dick Clark", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": " Life criticized the public enthusiasm and sponsorship for these types of shows at the expense of news programming", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": " Zorro) went up against and defeated the variety shows aired by NBC and CBS", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": " Life criticized the public enthusiasm and sponsorship for these types of shows at the expense of news programming", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": " Life criticized the public enthusiasm and sponsorship for these types of shows at the expense of news programming", + "57277af2708984140094dec3": " ESPN", + "57277af2708984140094dec4": " affiliates in select markets (the first such offering by a U.S. broadcast network). Similar to sister network ESPN", + "57277af2708984140094dec5": " ESPN", + "57277af2708984140094dec6": " WatchESPN", + "57277bfc708984140094ded9": " Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094deda": " WABM-DT2", + "57277bfc708984140094dedb": " Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094dedc": " 28", + "57277bfc708984140094dedd": " 28", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "Start Here\". Also developed by Troika", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": " Troika", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": " entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": " entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": " the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa, Florida (WFTS-TV", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "KMBC", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": " the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa, Florida", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": " same market in Tampa, Florida", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": " Mongol Empire", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": " Northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": " civilian populations", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": " the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": " the conquest of most of Eurasia. These included raids or invasions of the Qara Khitai, Caucasus, Khwarezmid Empire", + "5726a00d708984140094cc25": " \u00d6gedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates among his sons", + "5726a00d708984140094cc26": " 1227", + "5726a00d708984140094cc27": " \u00d6gedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates", + "5726a00d708984140094cc28": " his sons and grandsons", + "5726a00d708984140094cc29": " Mongolia", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": " Mongolia", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": "Tem\u00fcjin", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": " 1162", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": "atar", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": " three brothers named Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": " Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": " three brothers named Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": " three brothers named Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": " three brothers named Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": " Begter, Temujin's older half-brother", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": " adult", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": " Begter, Temujin's older half-brother", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": " eldest male in the family and eventually Temujin's mother Hoelun (not Begter's mother) would have to accept him as her husband", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": " Tayichi", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": " Tem\u00fcjin (reportedly with a cangue, a sort of portable stocks), but with the help of a sympathetic guard", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": " Genghis Khan", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": " Genghis Khan", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": " Genghis Khan), he was able to escape from the ger (yurt) in the middle of the night by hiding in a river crevice", + "5726a784708984140094ccff": " foreign forces", + "5726a784708984140094cd00": " alliances", + "5726a784708984140094cd01": " south", + "5726a784708984140094cd02": " alliances", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": " Jochi", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": " Jamukha, and his protector, Toghrul Khan", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": " Jamukha, and his protector, Toghrul Khan", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": " Jochi", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "1185", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": " three more sons, Chagatai (11", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": " three more sons", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1187", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": " three more sons", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": " six", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": "Tem\u00fcjin", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": " Keraites", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "Tem\u00fcjin", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": " Keraites", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": " Jamukha", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": " Mongolian aristocracy", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": " Kokochu that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Tem\u00fcjin, Tem\u00fcjin began rising to power", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": " Mongols", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": " Dalan Balzhut", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": "\u00fcjin's patron, was exiled to the Qara Khitai", + "5726ae32708984140094cdab": " Yassa code", + "5726ae32708984140094cdac": " Yassa code, Tem\u00fcjin promised civilians and soldiers wealth from future possible war spoils", + "5726ae32708984140094cdad": " orphans", + "5726ae32708984140094cdae": " stronger with each victory", + "5726af765951b619008f7a51": " Jochi", + "5726af765951b619008f7a52": " Jamukha escaped during the conflict. This defeat was a catalyst for the fall and eventual dissolution of the Keraite tribe", + "5726af765951b619008f7a53": " Jamukha escaped during the conflict. This defeat was a catalyst for the fall and eventual dissolution of the Keraite tribe", + "5726af765951b619008f7a54": " the Keraite tribe", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "ukha as G\u00fcr Khan", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": " 1201", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "universal ruler", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": " Subutai", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": " 1201", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": " Jamukha refused the offer of friendship and reunion, saying that there can only be one sun in the sky", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": "oyal men in his army. Jamukha refused the offer of friendship and reunion, saying that there can only be one sun in the sky", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": " Jamukha refused the offer of friendship and reunion, saying that there can only be one sun in the sky", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": " Jamukha refused the offer of friendship and reunion, saying that there can only be one sun in the sky, and he asked for a noble death", + "5726b879708984140094cf01": " Khasar", + "5726b879708984140094cf02": " linchpin, used against the tribes led by Jamukha", + "5726b879708984140094cf03": " Khasar", + "5726b879708984140094cf04": " Khasar. His military strategies showed a deep interest in gathering good intelligence", + "5726b879708984140094cf05": " Jochi", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": " 1206", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "Genghis Khan", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": " father", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": " The title Khagan was not conferred on Genghis until after his death", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "Genghis Khan", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": " Jin dynasty", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": " Mongols under the reign of Genghis' third son, \u00d6gedei Khan", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": " Zhongdu", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": " south to Kaifeng", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": " \u00d6gedei Khan", + "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": "Kuchlug, the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": " Western Liao, as it was originally established as remnants of the Liao dynasty", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": " two tumen (20,000 soldiers)", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": " two tumen (20,000 soldiers) against Kuchlug, under his younger general, Jebe", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": " two tumen (20,000 soldiers) against Kuchlug, under his younger general, Jebe", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": " Mongol conquest", + "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": " west of Kashgar", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": " Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia", + "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": " Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": " Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia (Khwarezmid Empire), a Muslim state", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": " Genghis Khan", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": " Mongolia", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": " the Shah himself", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": " 13th", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": " Silk Road", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": " Tien Shan mountains", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": " three groups. His son Jochi", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": " three groups. His son Jochi", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": " Jochi", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": " Samarkand", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": " small groups", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": " many of the civilians", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": " Khwarezmia's defeats, as it allowed the Mongols, although exhausted from the long journey, to immediately set about defeating small fractions", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": " a unified defense", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": " Khwarezmia's defeats, as it allowed the Mongols, although exhausted from the long journey, to immediately set about defeating small fractions", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": " Samarkand", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": " Bukhara", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": " Genghis Khan ordered two of his generals and their forces to completely destroy the remnants of the Khwarezmid Empire", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "arkand using captured enemies as body shields", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": " every soldier that had taken arms against him", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": " killed and pyramids of severed heads raised as a symbol of victory. Ata-Malik Juvayni", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": " heavily fortified, with a moat and a single wall", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": " Khwarezmi cities", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": " slavery", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": " single wall", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": " slavery", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": " 1220", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": " Genghis Khan", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": " two forces", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": " Volga Bulgars", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": " Khwarezmian Empire in 1220, Genghis Khan", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": " Volga Bulgaria", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": " Hungary and Europe. Genghis Khan", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": " Transoxiana and Persia to an already formidable empire", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": " Volga Bulgaria", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": " Samarkand", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": " 1226", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": " 1226", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": " Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": "ghis laid siege to the Tangut city Lingzhou and crossed the Yellow River, defeating the Tangut relief army", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": " five stars", + "57272dd55951b619008f8697": " Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province", + "57272dd55951b619008f8698": " Ma Jianlong", + "57272dd55951b619008f8699": " Jianlong later died from wounds received from arrows in battle.", + "57272dd55951b619008f869a": " spring", + "57272dd55951b619008f869b": " the Mongols", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": " Jochi", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": " Genghis Khan's successor", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": " The Secret History of the Mongols", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": " \u00d6gedei was appointed as successor", + "57272ff2708984140094dabd": " Tolui", + "57272ff2708984140094dabe": " Tolui", + "57272ff2708984140094dabf": " Tolui", + "57272ff2708984140094dac0": " Tolui", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": " 1226", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "an", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": " Urgench. Jochi had attempted to protect Urgench from destruction", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": " Genghis Khan", + "5727311d5951b619008f86af": " Genghis Khan", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": " Galician\u2013Volhynian Chronicle", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": " The Secret History of the Mongols", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": " Galician\u2013Volhynian Chronicle alleges he was killed by the Western Xia in battle, while Marco Polo", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": " war booty", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": " Oirads", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": " Mausoleum", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": " Mausoleum", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": " River", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": " Mausoleum", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": " Edsen Khoroo", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": " Dongshan Dafo Dian", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": " 200 km farther west", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": " 1939", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": " Red Guards destroyed almost everything of value", + "57273581708984140094daeb": " October 6, 2004", + "57273581708984140094daec": " palace in rural Mongolia", + "57273581708984140094daed": " Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", + "57273581708984140094daee": " horses", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": " Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": " Yassa", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": " Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": " the role of Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": " Muhammad Khan", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": " tax exemptions", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": " Ong Khan, his mentor and eventual rival, had converted to Nestorian Christianity", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": " personal concept, and not subject to law or interference.[citation needed] Sometime before the rise of Genghis Khan", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": " Shamanist", + "572739a75951b619008f86f7": " family, for example T\u00f6regene Khatun", + "572739a75951b619008f86f8": " Pax Mongolica", + "572739a75951b619008f86f9": " Women played a relatively important role in Mongol Empire and in family, for example T\u00f6regene Khatun", + "572739a75951b619008f86fa": " Pax Mongolica", + "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": " Chu'Tsai", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": " Khan", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": " govern cities and states conquered by him. He also realised that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people because they were nomads", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "Genghis Khan", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": " Genghis Khan also expected unwavering loyalty", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Genghis Khan", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": "Genghis Khan", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": " Khagan on their own initiative. While granting his generals a great deal of autonomy in making command decisions", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": " loyalty", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": " rivers", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": " Muslim and Chinese siege engines", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": " small enemy groups away from the larger group and defended position for ambush and counterattack", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": " Muslim and Chinese siege engines", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": " Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": " Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": " 1227. Under Genghis's successor \u00d6gedei Khan", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": " China, starting a war that lasted until 1279", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": " Silk Road", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": " Turkey", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", + "5727404b708984140094db59": " brutality", + "5727404b708984140094db5a": " a chasm in the perception of his brutality", + "5727404b708984140094db5b": " Mongolia", + "5727404b708984140094db5c": " Genghis Khan", + "5727404b708984140094db5d": " a chasm in the perception of his brutality", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": " Genghis Khan", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": " 500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": " Chinggis Khaan International Airport", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": " Chinggis Khaan International Airport", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": " Mongolia", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "Genghis Khan", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": " President Elbegdorj sees Genghis Khan as a leader from whom to learn for anti-corruption efforts", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": " Tsakhiagi", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": " no unified identity between the tribes", + "57275250708984140094dc25": " around 5 million", + "57275250708984140094dc26": " 5 million", + "57275250708984140094dc27": " Kublai Khan", + "57275250708984140094dc28": " Kublai Khan completed that conquest and established the Yuan dynasty", + "57275250708984140094dc29": " around 5 million", + "572753af708984140094dc2f": " Iran, Genghis Khan is almost universally condemned as a destructive and genocidal warlord", + "572753af708984140094dc30": " three-fourths of the population of the Iranian Plateau", + "572753af708984140094dc31": " three-fourths", + "572754cd5951b619008f8863": " Hulagu Khan", + "572754cd5951b619008f8864": " the Mamluks", + "572754cd5951b619008f8865": " Egypt", + "572754cd5951b619008f8866": " 1237", + "572754cd5951b619008f8867": " Novgorod", + "572756715951b619008f8877": " Timur, they clearly distanced themselves from the Mongol atrocities committed against the Khwarizim Shah", + "572756715951b619008f8878": " Genghis Khan", + "572756715951b619008f8879": " Genghis Khan and particularly Timur, they clearly distanced themselves from the Mongol atrocities committed against the Khwarizim Shah", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": " Turkic word tenggis", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": " Baikal", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": "right\", \"just\", or \"true\", would have received the Mongolian adjectival modifier -s, creating \"Jengg", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": " Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "Chinggis", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": " Chinggis Khaan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": " variety", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": " simplified Chinese", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": " Tem\u00fcjin", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": " simplified Chinese", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": " retail shop", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": " tobacco", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": " sorcery", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": " outdated or only approproriate", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": " retail shop", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": " healthcare professionals with specialised education", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": " the quality use of medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": " individual", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": " their patients through the quality use of medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": " healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": " manage the pharmacy department and specialised areas in pharmacy practice allowing pharmacists the time to specialise in their expert field as medication consultants", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": " professional on the General Pharmaceutical Council", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": " senior pharmacy technicians. In the UK the role of a PhT", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": " health care professional", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": " health care professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": " \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 in the 1st century AD", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": " De Materia Medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": " materia medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": " Diocles", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": " \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 in the 1st century AD", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": " Taih\u014d Code", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": " Taih\u014d Code", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": " Taih\u014d Code", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": " Taih\u014d Code", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": " Taih\u014d Code", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": " Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": " Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": " Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": " Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": " Avicenna", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": " Dubrovnik", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": " 1221", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": " Ll\u00edvia, a Catalan enclave close to Puigcerd\u00e0, also now a museum, dates back to the 15th century", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": " Ll\u00edvia, a Catalan enclave close to Puigcerd\u00e0, also now a museum, dates back to the 15th century", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": " 1221", + "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": " pharmacy legislation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": " automation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": " automation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": " patients' prescriptions", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": " trained pharmacy technicians", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": " education and training after pharmacy school through a pharmacy practice", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": " various disciplines", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": " education", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": " a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area. Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": " companies", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": " unit-dose", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "ospital pharmacies", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "ospital pharmacies", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": " community setting", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": " direct patient care", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": " health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": " patients in all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": " with physicians", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": " health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": " a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": " clinical pharmacist", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": " clinical pharmacist", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": " interactions", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": " independent prescribing authority", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": " North Carolina", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": " separate board certification. The official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam will be Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": " BCACP", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": " the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH", + "5726ea985951b619008f8261": " nursing homes", + "5726ea985951b619008f8262": " nursing homes", + "5726ea985951b619008f8263": " community pharmacies", + "5726ea985951b619008f8264": " nursing homes", + "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "ists", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": " about the year 2000", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": " online pharmacies) are also recommended to some patients by their physicians", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": " online pharmacies) are also recommended to some patients by their physicians", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": " online pharmacies) are also recommended to some patients by their physicians", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": " the method by which the medications are requested and received", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": " customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid the \"inconvenience\"", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": " dangerous", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": " dangerous", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": " dangerous", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": " some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "patient\"", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": " a \"patient\"", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": " individual", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": " individual state laws outline what defines a valid patient-doctor relationship.", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": " Canada", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": " Canada", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": " no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": " no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": " Canada", + "5726f2375951b619008f830f": " healthcare information technology vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8310": " information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8311": " major national and international patient information projects", + "5726f2375951b619008f8312": " technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8313": " healthcare information technology vendor companies", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": " 19 of 28", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": " 19 of 28", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": " chronic and complex disease states", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": " lab monitoring", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": " lab monitoring", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": " the public", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "ists", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": " office practices", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": " 10 percent", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": " the public, and that pharmacists cannot form business partnerships", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": " Austria", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": " rural areas in the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines to their patients", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": " 1.6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": " 1.6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy", + "5726f7715951b619008f838d": " high risk of a conflict", + "5726f7715951b619008f838e": " a financial self-interest in \"diagnosing\" as many conditions as possible, and in exaggerating their seriousness", + "5726f7715951b619008f838f": " cost-effective medication and avoiding the unnecessary use of medication that may have side-effects. This system reflects much similarity to the checks and balances system", + "5726f7715951b619008f8391": " cost-effective medication", + "5726f7715951b619008f8390": " cost-effective medication", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": " Medication Therapy Management", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": " Medication Therapy Management", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "MTM", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": " Medication Therapy", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": " a reconciliation of medication and patient education", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": " Alberta", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": " Doctor of Pharmacy", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": " additional training are obtaining prescribing rights and this is because of pharmacy education. They are also being paid for by the government for medicine use reviews", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": " Doctor of Pharmacy", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": " Doctor of Pharmacy", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": " the mortar and pestle", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": " Bowl of Hygieia", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": " green Greek cross", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": " Germany", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": " France", + "5726e65e708984140094d53d": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", + "5726e65e708984140094d53e": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726e65e708984140094d53f": " the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", + "5726e65e708984140094d540": " the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": " the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", + "5728eff82ca10214002daade": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": " the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726eb785951b619008f8275": " defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", + "5726eb785951b619008f8276": " enzymes", + "5726eb785951b619008f8277": " plants and invertebrates. These mechanisms include phagocytosis", + "5726eb785951b619008f8278": " creates immunological memory", + "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": " phagocytosis", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": " phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": " vaccination", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": " immunity", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis", + "5728f2e26aef051400154896": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5728f2e26aef051400154897": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5728f2e26aef051400154898": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5728f2e26aef051400154899": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": " plague of Athens in 430 BC", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": "ion venom", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": " disease", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": " Walter Reed", + "5728f3724b864d1900165116": " Thucydides", + "5728f3724b864d1900165117": " Viruses", + "5728f3724b864d1900165118": " fever virus", + "5728f3724b864d1900165119": " 430 BC", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": " of an immunological memory", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": " immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": " vertebrates possess a second layer of protection", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": " vertebrates possess a second layer", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": " vertebrates possess a second layer", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": " attacks", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": " layered defenses", + "5728f7774b864d190016512e": " antigens", + "5728f7774b864d190016512f": " antigens", + "5728f7774b864d1900165130": " One class of non-self molecules are called antigens", + "5728f7774b864d1900165131": " One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for antibody generators)", + "5728f7774b864d1900165132": " One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for antibody generators)", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": " the dominant system of host defense", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": " host defense", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": " among broad groups of microorganisms", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": " the dominant system of host defense", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": " waxy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": " tears and urine", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "Chemical barriers", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "Chemical barriers", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "ins", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "Chemical barriers", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": " menarche", + "5728fd206aef05140015494c": " pathogenic bacteria", + "5728fd206aef05140015494d": " oral antibiotics can lead to an \"overgrowth\" of fungi", + "5728fd206aef05140015494e": " pure cultures of the lactobacilli normally found in unpasteurized yogurt, helps restore a healthy balance of microbial populations", + "5728fd206aef05140015494f": " pH", + "572900f73f37b31900477f69": " The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": " are redness, swelling, heat, and pain", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": " eicosanoids", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": " the dilation of blood vessels", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": " chemokines that promote chemotaxis", + "572905ce1d04691400778f83": " defense mechanism", + "572905ce1d04691400778f84": " cytokines", + "572905ce1d04691400778f85": " a phagosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f86": " a phagolysosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f87": " acquiring nutrients, but this role was extended in phagocytes to include engulfment of pathogens as a defense mechanism", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": " 50% to 60% of the total circulating leukocytes", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": " 50%", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": " chemotaxis", + "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": " a wide array of chemicals including enzymes, complement proteins, and regulatory factors such as interleukin 1. Macrophages also act as scavengers", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": " the adaptive immune system", + "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "Leukocytes", + "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": " the skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and intestines", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": " the skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and intestines. They are named for their resemblance to neuronal dendrites", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "Dendritic cells", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": " T cells", + "5729f06f1d04691400779674": " a cell-surface marker called MHC", + "5729f06f1d04691400779673": " a cell-surface marker called MHC I", + "5729f06f1d04691400779675": " a cell-surface marker called MHC", + "5729f06f1d04691400779676": " cell immunoglobulin receptors", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": " vertebrates", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": " antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific \"non-self\" antigens during a process called antigen presentation", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": " specific pathogens", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": " the killer T cell and the helper T cell", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": " Class I MHC", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": " a role in modulating immune response. Killer T cells only recognize antigens coupled to Class I MHC", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": " two major subtypes of T cells: the killer T cell and the helper T cell", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": " host cells", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": " CD8", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": " CD8", + "5729f39a6aef051400155150": " called granulysin", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": " MHC I receptors bear this antigen. When an activated T cell contacts such cells, it releases cytotoxins, such as perforin", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells, meaning many receptors (around 200", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": " single MHC:antigen molecule", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": " many cell types", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": " helper T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "Gamma delta T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "ma delta T cells", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": " MHC class II", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": " B cell and processed by proteolysis", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "ines", + "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "lived memory cells", + "5729f799af94a219006aa708": " either passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", + "5729f799af94a219006aa709": " either passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", + "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": " pathogen encountered", + "5729f8516aef05140015516c": " microbes", + "5729f8516aef05140015516d": " human babies have high levels of antibodies even at birth, with the same range of antigen specificities as their mother. Breast milk or colostrum", + "5729f8516aef05140015516e": " passive immunity", + "5729f8516aef05140015516f": " human babies have high levels of antibodies even at birth, with the same range of antigen specificities as their mother. Breast milk or colostrum", + "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": " Other hormones appear to regulate the immune system as well, most notably prolactin", + "5729f9953f37b31900478620": " both adaptive and innate immune responses", + "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "Hormones", + "5729f9953f37b31900478622": " Other hormones appear to regulate the immune system as well, most notably prolactin", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": " NFIL", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": " disease", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": " a lower immune response, than would be noted in a well-rested individual. Additionally, proteins such as NFIL3", + "5729fb003f37b31900478627": " a progressive decline in hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals", + "5729fb003f37b31900478628": " two", + "5729fb003f37b31900478629": " thyroid hormone", + "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "ol", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": " helper T cells", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": " fewer MHC class I molecules on their surface than normal", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": " viral antigens", + "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": " helper T cells", + "5729fd111d046914007796a5": " phagocytic cells", + "5729fd111d046914007796a6": " Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", + "5729fd111d046914007796a7": " a localized hypersensitive response, whereby cells at the site of infection undergo rapid apoptosis to prevent the spread of the disease to other parts of the plant", + "5729fd111d046914007796a8": " a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent. RNA silencing", + "5729fd111d046914007796a9": " RNA silencing", + "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": " other end of immune dysfunction, particularly the autoimmune disorders. Here, the immune system fails to properly distinguish between self and non-self", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": " other end of immune dysfunction, particularly the autoimmune disorders. Here, the immune system fails to properly distinguish between self and non-self", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": " the thymus and bone marrow", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": " One of the functions of specialized cells (located in the thymus and bone marrow) is to present young lymphocytes with self antigens", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": " malnutrition", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": " obesity, alcoholism, and drug use are common causes of poor immune function. However, malnutrition", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": " 50 years", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": " malnutrition", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": " obesity, alcoholism, and drug use are common causes of poor immune function. However, malnutrition", + "5729ffda1d046914007796af": " vaccination", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "ization) is to introduce an antigen", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": " antigen", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": " the natural specificity of the immune system, as well as its inducibility", + "572a019f3f37b31900478643": " enzymes that digest the barrier, for example, by using a type II secretion system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478644": " proteins to move from the pathogen to the host. These proteins are often used to shut down host defenses", + "572a019f3f37b31900478645": " move from the pathogen to the host. These proteins are often used to shut down host defenses", + "572a019f3f37b31900478646": " several methods that allow them to successfully infect a host, while evading detection or destruction by the immune system", + "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "CST)", + "572a02483f37b3190047864c": " Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction", + "572a02483f37b3190047864d": " The self", + "572a02483f37b3190047864e": " Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction", + "572a03086aef0514001551a2": " Glucocorticoids", + "572a03086aef0514001551a3": " Glucocorticoids", + "572a03086aef0514001551a4": " azathioprine", + "572a03086aef0514001551a5": " azathioprine", + "572a04d51d046914007796cd": " cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs", + "572a04d51d046914007796ce": " cortisol", + "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "atonin", + "572a04d51d046914007796d0": " two theories as to why the pro-inflammatory state is reserved for sleep time. First, inflammation", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": " vitamin D receptor", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": " steroid hormone calcitriol", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": " calcitriol", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": " CYP27B1", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": " dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages", + "572a06af3f37b31900478667": " Antimicrobial peptides called defensins", + "572a06af3f37b31900478668": " called defensins", + "572a06af3f37b31900478669": " complement system and phagocytic cells are also used by most forms of invertebrate life. Ribonucleases", + "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": " Antimicrobial peptides called defensins", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": " distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": " a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": " Variable lymphocyte receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": " Many of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and T cell receptors", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": " lymphocytes", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": " the restriction modification system", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": " the restriction modification system to protect themselves from viral pathogens, called bacteriophages", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": " a system that uses CRISPR sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that they have come into contact with", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": " The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": " Elie Metchnikoff", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": " more precisely, phagocytes", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": " Robert Koch", + "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": " Elie Metchnikoff", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": " MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": " MHC class I molecules", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": " MHC class I molecules", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": " macrophages", + "572a0bf96aef051400155204": " four classes", + "572a0bf96aef051400155205": " four classes (Type I \u2013 IV)", + "572a0bf96aef051400155206": " four classes (Type I \u2013 IV)", + "572a0bf96aef051400155207": " four classes", + "572a0bf96aef051400155208": " four classes", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": " their host (also called intracellular pathogenesis", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": " Mycobacterium tuberculosis", + "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum) and leishmaniasis", + "572a0ce11d04691400779700": " complement", + "572a0ce11d04691400779701": " surface proteins", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": " antigenic variation", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": " HIV", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": " HIV", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": " antigenic variation", + "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": " A third possible source of tumor antigens are proteins normally important for regulating cell growth and survival", + "572a0f073f37b31900478680": " One example is an enzyme called tyrosinase", + "572a0f073f37b31900478681": " One example is an enzyme called tyrosinase", + "572a0f073f37b31900478682": " A third possible source of tumor antigens are proteins normally important for regulating cell growth and survival", + "572a0f073f37b31900478683": ".g. melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", + "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "500 Da) can provoke a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly", + "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "obic amino acids", + "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "formatics-based studies of immunogenicity is referred to as immunoinformatics. Immunoproteomics", + "572a10cd6aef051400155225": " B cells", + "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "arger drugs", + "572a12386aef051400155234": " the hormones leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin.", + "572a12386aef051400155235": " a shift of the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance", + "572a12386aef051400155236": "actin) support the interactions between APCs and T-cells, a shift of the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance", + "572a12386aef051400155237": " of Th1 immune responses", + "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": " antibodies that have attached to these microbes or the binding of complement proteins to carbohydrates", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": " plasma membrane", + "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": " signal amplification", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": " a catalytic cascade", + "57271c235951b619008f860b": "One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "57271c235951b619008f860c": " the fight against apartheid, in the American Civil Rights Movement", + "57271c235951b619008f860d": " 2003 Rose Revolution", + "57271c235951b619008f860e": " Ukraine", + "57271c235951b619008f860f": " Georgia and the 2004 Orange Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": " 2003 Rose Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": " British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": " the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": " East Germany to oust their communist governments, In South Africa in the fight against apartheid, in the American Civil Rights Movement", + "57271f125951b619008f8635": " Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8636": " Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes", + "57271f125951b619008f8637": " Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", + "57271f125951b619008f8638": " Sophocles", + "57271f125951b619008f8639": " Polynices", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": " Sophocles", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": " Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": " Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": " Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": " Sophocles", + "5727213c708984140094da35": " Percy Shelley", + "5727213c708984140094da36": " Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", + "5727213c708984140094da38": "violence", + "5727213c708984140094da39": " Masque of Anarchy", + "5727213c708984140094da37": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": " Percy Shelley", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": " nonviolent protest", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": " Percy Shelley", + "572726c9708984140094da7b": "gers", + "572726c9708984140094da7e": " Marshall Cohen", + "572726c9708984140094da7c": " ambiguity", + "572726c9708984140094da7d": " Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": " Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": " Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": " Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": " Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": " Marshall Cohen", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": " violent civil disobedience", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": " violent civil disobedience", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": " distinction", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": " niceties. Like Alice in Wonderland", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": " single all-encompassing definition", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": " violent civil disobedience", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": " violent civil disobedience", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": " violent civil disobedience", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": " violent civil disobedience", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": " violent civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164370": " the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen", + "57280f974b864d1900164371": " two public agencies", + "57280f974b864d1900164372": " a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", + "57280f974b864d1900164373": " public official rather than private citizen", + "57280f974b864d1900164374": " two", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": " a constitutional impasse", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": " a constitutional impasse", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": " public official rather than private citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": " a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": " citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse", + "572812e74b864d19001643ce": " majority", + "572812e74b864d19001643cf": " majority", + "572812e74b864d19001643d0": " nothing more than the will of elite politicians", + "572812e74b864d19001643d1": " majority", + "572812e74b864d19001643d2": " nothing more than the will of elite politicians", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": " act, only individuals can act unjustly", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": " majority", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": " majority", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": " majority", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": " nothing", + "5728151b4b864d1900164428": " entities", + "5728151b4b864d1900164429": " governmental entities. Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions", + "5728151b4b864d190016442a": " Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions", + "5728151b4b864d190016442b": " Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": " Brownlee", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": " Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": " Brownlee", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": " Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies such as trade unions", + "572818f54b864d190016446c": " publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience. But Stephen Eilmann", + "572818f54b864d190016446d": " covert lawbreaking", + "572818f54b864d190016446e": " Fully Informed Jury", + "572818f54b864d190016446f": " Fully Informed Jury", + "572818f54b864d1900164470": " Fully Informed Jury", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": " Jury", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": " Fully Informed Jury", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": " Fully Informed Jury", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": " Book of Exodus", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": " Fully Informed Jury", + "57281c594b864d19001644a2": " violence", + "57281c594b864d19001644a3": " Black's Law Dictionary", + "57281c594b864d19001644a4": " Black's Law", + "57281c594b864d19001644a5": " Black's Law", + "57281c594b864d19001644a6": " Black's Law", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": " Black's Law", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": " violence", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": " Black's Law", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": " Black's Law", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": " Gandhi", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": " Gandhi", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": " Gandhi", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": " a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": " Gandhi", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": " laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": " laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": " laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": " Gandhi", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": " Gandhi", + "572822233acd2414000df555": " Empire", + "572822233acd2414000df556": " tax collector", + "572822233acd2414000df557": " newspapers", + "572822233acd2414000df558": " rose to higher political office", + "572822233acd2414000df559": " published until after the end of the Mexican War", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": " collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "armed Jews", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": " jail solidarity", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": " jail solidarity", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": " tax collector", + "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": " illegal acts", + "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": " propaganda purpose", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": " Luna, a 180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", + "5728e5224b864d1900165032": " harassment", + "5728e5224b864d1900165033": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", + "5728e5224b864d1900165034": " a harassment", + "5728e5224b864d1900165035": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", + "5728e5224b864d1900165036": " Hill", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": " email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, \"Wise up or die.\"", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": " email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, \"Wise up or die.\"", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": " speech", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": " 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": " 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": " civil disobedience", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": " civil disobedience", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": " forbidden speech", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": " Threatening government officials is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies. For example, Joseph Haas", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": " Brownlee", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "locking", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "CSB", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": " Plowshares organization", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": " Plowshares organization", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": " Brownlee", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": " Brownlee", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": " Brownlee", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": " Brownlee", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": " impression on the officers. Thoreau", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": " impression on the officers. Thoreau", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": " impression on the officers. Thoreau", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": " understanding", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": " some civil disobedients have nonetheless found it hard to resist responding to investigators' questions, sometimes due to a lack of understanding", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": " a violation of criminal law", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": " a violation of criminal law", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": " anarchists", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": " anarchists", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": " a violation of criminal law", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": " ACT-UP", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": " ACT-UP", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": " ACT-UP", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": " ACT-UP", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": " ACT-UP", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": " Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas, Nevada", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": " protest in August 1957, at the Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas, Nevada", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": " Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas, Nevada", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": " \"nolo contendere\", as an alternative to pleading either guilty or not-guilty", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": " the", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": " jail penitently as an accession to 'the rules' is to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "ading it. To accept jail penitently as an accession to 'the rules' is to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": " jail penitently as an accession to 'the rules' is to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": " jail penitently as an accession to 'the rules' is to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": " Gandhi", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": " Gandhi", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": " Gandhi", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": " Gandhi", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": " Gandhi", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": " defendants choose to make a defiant speech", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": " the protesters complained about mistreatment from government officials", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": " the protesters complained about mistreatment from government officials", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": " the protesters complained about mistreatment from government officials", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "Some civil disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech", + "5728facd4b864d1900165170": " A technical defense", + "5728facd4b864d1900165171": " A technical defense", + "5728facd4b864d1900165172": " Benjamin Spock", + "5728facd4b864d1900165173": " Benjamin Spock", + "5728facd4b864d1900165174": " jury nullification", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": " Michael Bay", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": " conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": " Michael Bay", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": " Michael Bay", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": " Michael Bay", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": " Jury Association", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": " Jury Association", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": " Jury Association", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": " shadow defense by civil disobedients", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": " Jury Association", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": " Brownlee", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": " Brownlee argues, \"Bringing in deterrence at the level of justification", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": " Brownlee", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": " Brownlee argues, \"Bringing in deterrence at the level of justification", + "57273a465951b619008f86ff": " six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries", + "57273a465951b619008f8700": " construction typically takes place on location", + "57273a465951b619008f8701": " six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries", + "57273a465951b619008f8702": " six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries", + "57273a465951b619008f8703": " known client", + "57273cca708984140094db33": " manager", + "57273cca708984140094db34": " a construction manager", + "57273cca708984140094db35": " effective planning", + "57273cca708984140094db36": " megaprojects", + "57273cca708984140094db37": " the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of building materials, logistics", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": " Industrial includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants. There are other ways to break the industry into sectors or markets", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": " residential and non-residential", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": " heavy/highway", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": " Industrial includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants. There are other ways to break the industry into sectors or markets", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": " are other ways to break the industry into sectors or markets", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "ENR)", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": " nine market segments", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": " 2014", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": " nine market segments", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": " three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": " construction service firms", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": " three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": " three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": " The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": " small renovations", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": " the entire project", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": " structural collapse", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": " plans", + "572742bd5951b619008f8785": " local building authority regulations", + "572742bd5951b619008f8786": " Cost of construction", + "572742bd5951b619008f8787": " a lot of waste", + "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "idential construction", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": " 3D printing technology", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": " 20 hours", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": " 2014", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": " 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) of building material per hour as of January 2013", + "572745c6708984140094db9a": " the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts. The design usually consists of drawings and specifications", + "572745c6708984140094db99": " designs", + "572745c6708984140094db9b": " contract with) the property owner", + "572745c6708984140094db9c": " a quantity surveyor", + "572745c6708984140094db9d": " cost efficient bidder", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": " separated specialties", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": " companies", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": " \"one-stop shopping\" for a construction project, from beginning to end. This is designated as a \"design build\" contract", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build\" contract", + "57274e975951b619008f87f9": " design-build, partnering and construction management", + "57274e975951b619008f87fa": " architects", + "57274e975951b619008f87fb": " relationships with other necessary participants", + "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "able financial problems", + "57274f67708984140094dbf6": " Fraud", + "57274f67708984140094dbf7": " Fraud", + "57274f67708984140094dbf8": " Fraud is a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field. Financial planning", + "5727502f708984140094dc07": "gage bankers", + "5727502f708984140094dc08": " the mortgage banker", + "5727502f708984140094dc09": " overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project", + "5727502f708984140094dc0b": " the contractor identified change orders", + "5727502f708984140094dc0a": " government projects", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": " attorney", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": " the owner", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": " attorney", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": " a matter of custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses to a business district and residences to a residential district. An attorney", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": " attorney", + "572751b4708984140094dc1b": " construction project", + "572751b4708984140094dc1c": " construction project", + "572751b4708984140094dc1d": " a delay costs money", + "572751b4708984140094dc1e": " each side is capable of performing the obligations set out. Contracts that set out clear expectations", + "572751b4708984140094dc1f": " clear expectations and clear paths", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": " relationship contracting", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": " Public-Private Partner", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": " Public-Private Partner", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": " a co-operative relationship between the principal and contractor and other stakeholders", + "572753335951b619008f8853": " direct contractual links between the architect's client and the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8854": " direct contractual links between the architect's client and the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8855": " the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8856": " the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8857": " the building is ready to occupy", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": " Several D&B contractors", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": " consortium", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": " consortium", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": " consortium", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": " design phase 2", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": " municipal building inspector", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": " damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": " municipal building inspector", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": " municipal building inspector", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": " occupancy permit", + "572755b7708984140094dc4d": " 1 million", + "572755b7708984140094dc4e": " 1 million", + "572755b7708984140094dc4f": " 1 million", + "572755b7708984140094dc50": " 1 million", + "572755b7708984140094dc51": " 1 million", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": " \u00a342,090", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": " \u00a342,090", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": " Some construction workers in the US/Canada have made more than $100,000 annually", + "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world, incurring more occupational fatalities than any other sector", + "572756fe708984140094dc72": " Proper safety equipment", + "572756fe708984140094dc73": " the construction industry include electrocution", + "572756fe708984140094dc74": " construction industry. Other major causes of fatalities in the construction industry include electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": " local, state or national governments", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": " sport scholarship, art scholarship, academic scholarship), financial need, or tax credit scholarships", + "572746addd62a815002e9a60": " local, state or national governments", + "572746addd62a815002e9a61": " local, state or national governments", + "57274712708984140094dbad": " universities and other tertiary institutions. Private education", + "57274712708984140094dbae": " $45,000", + "57274712708984140094dbaf": " North America", + "57274712708984140094dbb0": " North America", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": " lower sixth) and year 13", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": " university-preparatory schools or \"prep schools\", boarding schools and day schools. Tuition", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": " secondary level", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": " peer tuitions and the school's financial endowment", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": " best teachers", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": " a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": " a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": " affiliated and denominational schools", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": " Student uniforms", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": " Student uniforms", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": " Student uniforms", + "57274971708984140094dbbb": " Presbyterian Church", + "57274971708984140094dbbc": " Gregory Terrace", + "57274971708984140094dbbd": " Campbelltown, St Aloysius' College (Sydney)", + "57274971708984140094dbbe": " Kirribilli, Monte Sant Angelo Mercy College, St Ursula's College and Loreto Normanhurst for girls", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": " Article 7", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": " a second Gleichschaltung or similar event in the future", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": " from 6.1% to 7.8%", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": " from 6.1% to 7.8%", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": " from 6.1% to 7.8%", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "atzschulen", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "-called Sonderungsverbot). Therefore, most Ersatzschulen have very low tuition fees", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": " tuition fees", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": " vocational schools", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": " vocational schools", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": " charging their students tuition fees", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": " secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": " independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial aid from the government, it can be an aided or an unaided school", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": " CBSE", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": " school leaving certificates. Prominent Examination Boards that are present in multiple states are the CBSE and the CISCE", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": " private schools are called independent schools", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": " societies", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "Legally, only non-profit trusts", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": " schools", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": " schools", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": " English", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": " scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ide", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": " \u20ac5,000 annually", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": " \u20ac5,000 annually", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": " a religious order, i.e., the Society of Jesus or Congregation of Christian Brothers, etc", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": " \u20ac5,000 annually", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": " 1957", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": " National School system", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": " English-medium schools", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": " National School system", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": " 60", + "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", + "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "Public School\"", + "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Public School\" appended to them, e.g., the Galaxy Public School in Kathmandu", + "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "Public School\"", + "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Public School\"", + "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": " 3.7%", + "57274eca5951b619008f8800": " 3.7%", + "57274eca5951b619008f8801": " 3.7%", + "57274eca5951b619008f8802": " 88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000 students or 3.7%", + "57274eca5951b619008f8803": " 88 private schools", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": " Presbyterian", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": " Wellington", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": " Academic Colleges Group", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": " Christchurch", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": " Catholic schismatic group, the Society of St Pius X", + "5727500f708984140094dbfd": " 7.5% of primary enrollment, 32%", + "5727500f708984140094dbfe": " 7.5%", + "5727500f708984140094dbff": " 7.5%", + "5727500f708984140094dc00": " August 1992", + "5727500f708984140094dc01": " mathematics and natural science", + "572750df5951b619008f882f": " Education Service Contract", + "572750df5951b619008f8830": " Education Service Contract", + "572750df5951b619008f8831": " Education Service Contract", + "5727515f708984140094dc11": "public\" (state-controlled)", + "5727515f708984140094dc12": " 1996", + "5727515f708984140094dc13": " two categories of schools: \"public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent\" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed", + "5727515f708984140094dc14": " traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed", + "5727515f708984140094dc15": " nineteenth century", + "57275409708984140094dc35": " government schools formerly reserved for white children.. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools", + "57275409708984140094dc36": " private schools", + "57275409708984140094dc37": " private schools", + "572754dd708984140094dc3b": " 10%", + "572754dd708984140094dc3c": " 10%", + "572754dd708984140094dc3d": " 10%", + "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "The Knowledge School", + "572754dd708984140094dc3f": " 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008. Sweden is internationally known for this innovative school voucher model", + "572756265951b619008f886d": " 9 per cent of children being educated in the UK are doing so at fee-paying schools", + "572756265951b619008f886e": " public schools. Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils aged up to 13 years old to enter public schools", + "572756265951b619008f886f": " A-level", + "572756265951b619008f8870": " GSCE level", + "572756265951b619008f8871": " 9 per cent of children being educated in the UK are doing so at fee-paying schools", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": " Brown v. Board of Education", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": " College Preparatory.", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": " local families organized a wave of private \"Christian academies\". In much of the U.S. South", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": " College Preparatory.", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": " organizations", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": " individual state Blaine Amendments", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": " individual state Blaine Amendments", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": " independent control of their student admissions and course content instead of the public funding they could get with charter status", + "572759665951b619008f8883": " Massachusetts in 1852", + "572759665951b619008f8884": " 1852", + "572759665951b619008f8885": " 406 U.S. 205 (1972", + "572759665951b619008f8886": " 427 U.S. 160 (1976", + "572759665951b619008f8887": " McCrary", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": " $40,000", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": " $40,000", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": " $40,000", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": " $40,000", + "5727aa413acd2414000de921": " James Bryant", + "5727aa413acd2414000de922": " 1977 merger with Radcliffe College", + "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "Established originally by the Massachusetts legislature and soon thereafter named for John Harvard", + "5727aa413acd2414000de924": " James Bryant", + "5727aa413acd2414000de925": " Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. James Bryant", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": " 79 individual libraries with over 18 million volumes", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": " 18 million", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": " 79 individual libraries with over 18 million volumes", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": " eight U.S. presidents, several foreign heads of state, 62 living billionaires, 335 Rhodes Scholars, and 242 Marshall Scholars", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": " eight U.S. presidents, several foreign heads of state, 62 living billionaires, 335 Rhodes Scholars, and 242 Marshall Scholars", + "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study\u2014with campuses throughout the Boston metropolitan area", + "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", + "5727aec03acd2414000de993": " University", + "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", + "5727aec03acd2414000de995": " Harvard Yard", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": " 1636", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "umnus of the University of Cambridge. He had left the school \u00a3779 and his library of some 400 books. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": " John of London. In 1639", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": " 1638", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": " in 1650", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": " Puritan ministers", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": " University of Cambridge\u2014\u200b\u200bbut conformed Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any particular denomination", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": " clergymen", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": " 1804", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": " Henry Ware", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": " Samuel Webber", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": " Louis Agassiz", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": " intuition", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": " Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": " Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": " William Ellery Channing", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": " Bryant", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": " research institutions. He saw higher education as a vehicle of opportunity for the talented rather than an entitlement for the wealthy", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": " 1943", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": " about four", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": " 1977", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": " about four", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": " 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of the State House in downtown Boston, and extends into the surrounding Harvard Square neighborhood", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": " twelve residential Houses", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": " south", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": " 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": " Allston", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": " Harvard Business School", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": " Business School", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": " fifty percent", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": " Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus include new and enlarged bridges", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": " transit infrastructure, possible shuttles open to the public, and park space which will also be publicly accessible", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": " 2,400", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": " 2,400 professors", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": " 2,400", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": " magenta", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": " 2,400", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": " $159 million", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": " 30% loss in 2008-09. In December 2008, Harvard announced that its endowment had lost 22%", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": " $1.2 billion Allston Science Complex", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": " $159 million", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": " $159 million", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": " late 1980s", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": " Duke Kent-Brown", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": " $230 million", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": " 5.3%", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": " 2007", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": " 2007", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": " 2007", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": " seven classes outside of their concentration. Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete courses in eight General Education", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": " seven classes outside of their concentration. Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete courses in eight General Education categories", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": " Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, The New York Times, and some students have criticized Harvard for its reliance on teaching fellows", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": " semester calendar beginning in early September", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": " four-course rate average", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": " degrees summa cum laude", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": " 60%", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": " $38,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": " $38,000, with a total cost of attendance of $57,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": " $38,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": " totaling $414 million", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": " 88%", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": " Widener Library in Harvard Yard", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": " Cabot Science", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": " Pusey Library", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": " 18 million", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": " three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": " Arthur M. Sackler Museum", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "vard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums. The Harvard Art Museums", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "ARWU) since 2003", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": " 2014", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": " Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": " 42 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Ivy League", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": " Yale University", + "5727da564b864d1900163e90": " every two years", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": " 1875", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": " 1903", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": " 1903", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "vard", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": " Lavietes Pavilion", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": " Lavietes Pavilion", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": " Lavietes Pavilion", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": " 23", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "lder than The Game by 23 years, the Harvard-Yale Regatta was the original source of the athletic rivalry between the two schools", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": " Cornell", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": " 2003", + "5727de862ca10214002d9860": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", + "5727de862ca10214002d9861": " Chilean President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era; Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos", + "5727de862ca10214002d9862": " Chilean President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era; Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos", + "5727de862ca10214002d9863": " Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Al Gore", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": " Conan O'Brien", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": " Leonard Bernstein", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": " Yo Yo Ma", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": " W. E. B. Du Bois", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": " Shing-Tung Yau, political scientists Robert Putnam, Joseph Nye, and Stanley Hoffmann", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": " Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": " Louis Menand, critic Helen Vendler, historians Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Niall Ferguson", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": " 853,382", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": " 853,382", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": " 853,382", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": " 853,382", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": " 1968", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "Jacksonville is in the First Coast region of northeast Florida and is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": " First Coast region of northeast Florida", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": " Fort Caroline", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": " the Timucua people", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": " Andrew Jackson", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "bor", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "bor", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": " Blount Island Command", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "ians\" or \"Jaxsons\"", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": " Black Hammock Island", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": " Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, a University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": " 2500 BC", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": " the Mocama, a coastal subgroup", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": " Ossachite", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": " explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "French Huguenot", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": " Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": " Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": " Fort Caroline", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": " 1763 after the French and Indian War", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": " Cow Ford continued to grow. After Spain ceded the Florida Territory to the United States", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": " Wacca Pilatka", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": " the territory back to Spain in 1783, after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": " the Florida Legislative Council on February 9, 1832", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": " Skirmish of the Brick Church", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": " Skirmish of the Brick Church", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": " Confederate Army at the Battle of Olustee", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": " Skirmish of the Brick Church", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": " February 1864", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": " Reconstruction and the Gilded Age", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": " Grover Cleveland", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": " yellow fever", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": " President Grover Cleveland", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": " railroad. President Grover Cleveland", + "5728170d3acd2414000df443": " May 3, 1901, downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire that started as a kitchen fire", + "5728170d3acd2414000df444": " Henry John Klutho", + "5728170d3acd2414000df445": " Jennings", + "5728170d3acd2414000df446": " May 3, 1901", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": " Norman Studios", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": " Norman Studios", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": " Norman Studios", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": " Norman Studios", + "57281ab63acd2414000df493": " suburbs", + "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "Hispanic", + "57281ab63acd2414000df495": " a much poorer population", + "57281ab63acd2414000df496": " Mayor W. Haydon", + "57281ab63acd2414000df497": " World War II", + "57281bb84b864d190016449a": " education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits", + "57281bb84b864d190016449b": " education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits. In addition, residents in unincorporated suburbs", + "57281bb84b864d190016449c": " county", + "57281bb84b864d190016449d": " six referendums between 1960 and 1965", + "57281d494b864d19001644be": " Lower taxes, increased economic development, unification of the community, better public spending and effective administration", + "57281d494b864d19001644bf": " 11", + "57281d494b864d19001644c0": " Lower taxes, increased economic development, unification of the community, better public spending and effective administration", + "57281d494b864d19001644c1": " Lower taxes, increased economic development, unification of the community, better public spending and effective administration", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": " the governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": " Hans Tanzler", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": " Jacksonville", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": " Jacksonville", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": " a half-penny sales tax. This would generate most of the revenue required for the $2.25 billion package of major projects", + "572820512ca10214002d9e72": " 874.3 square miles (2,264 km2), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States", + "572820512ca10214002d9e73": " Nassau County", + "572820512ca10214002d9e74": " Nassau County", + "572820512ca10214002d9e75": " 86.66%", + "572820512ca10214002d9e76": " Baldwin. Nassau County", + "572821274b864d1900164510": " Barnett Center", + "572821274b864d1900164511": " Barnett Center", + "572821274b864d1900164512": " 617 ft (188 m)", + "572821274b864d1900164513": " 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors", + "572821274b864d1900164514": " Bank of America Tower", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": " humid subtropical climate", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": " warmest months from May through September", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": " mild and sunny", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": " low latitude", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": " 104 \u00b0F (40 \u00b0C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": " humidity", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": " humidity", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": " 64 to 92 \u00b0F", + "572824f13acd2414000df58f": " 1964", + "572824f13acd2414000df590": "Jacksonville", + "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities", + "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Jacksonville", + "572824f13acd2414000df593": " 1964", + "572826634b864d19001645be": " 5,751", + "572826634b864d19001645bf": " 821,784", + "572826634b864d19001645c0": " 25,033", + "572826634b864d19001645c1": " 25,033", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": " 366", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": " 366", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": " 366,273 households", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": " 94.1", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": " more financial assets than the lowest 48", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": " 3.5 billion", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": " $759,900", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": " three richest people in the world possess more financial assets than the lowest 48", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": " 85 wealthiest individuals in the world have a combined wealth equal to that of the bottom 50%", + "5729d36b1d04691400779607": " 40%", + "5729d36b1d04691400779608": " 1% of adults alone owned 40%", + "5729d36b1d04691400779609": " $41 trillion", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": " 40%", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": " 1% of adults alone owned 40%", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": " more wealth than half of all Americans combined", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": " PolitiFact", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent\". Inherited wealth", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": " more wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779611": " more wealth than half of all Americans combined.\" According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, the \"richest 1 percent", + "5729d44b1d04691400779612": " 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half", + "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "stantial head start", + "5729d44b1d04691400779614": " more wealth than half", + "5729d44b1d04691400779615": " PolitiFact", + "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "ical economics", + "5727e9523acd2414000def96": " the productivity gap", + "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "Neoclassical economics", + "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "Neoclassical economics", + "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "Neoclassical economics", + "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": " differences in value added by labor", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "Neoclassical economics", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": " different classifications of workers. In this perspective, wages and profits are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "Neoclassical economics", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": " the productivity gap", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": " less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment (the \"reserve army of labour\"). This process exerts a downward pressure on wages", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": " a situation of relatively stagnant wages for the working class", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": " increasing unemployment", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": " a situation of relatively stagnant wages for the working class", + "5729d609af94a219006aa661": " labor inputs", + "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "ization", + "5729d609af94a219006aa663": " less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment", + "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "ization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker", + "5729d609af94a219006aa665": " The substitution of capital equipment", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": " inequality", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": " inequality", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": " inequality", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": " inequality", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "ers", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": " the market.", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": " prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill. And therefore, inequality", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": " inequality", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": " inequality", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": " inequality", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": " Professional and labor organizations", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": " Professional and labor organizations", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": " a large need", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": " Professional and labor organizations", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": " Professional and labor organizations", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": " Professional and labor organizations", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": " Professional and labor organizations", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": " entrepreneurship", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": " higher economic inequality", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": " higher economic inequality", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": " higher economic inequality", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": " higher economic inequality", + "5729de24af94a219006aa689": " higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment). However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": " higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment). However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": " survival needs such as income for food and shelter (\"push\" motivations", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": " survival needs", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": " the former type of entrepreneurialism tends to be redistributive", + "5727ef664b864d1900164060": " progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases", + "5727ef664b864d1900164061": " change as a result of the change in tax regime. Additionally, steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", + "5727ef664b864d1900164062": " change as a result of the change in tax regime. Additionally, steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", + "5727ef664b864d1900164063": " change as a result of the change in tax regime. Additionally, steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", + "5729e02f1d04691400779639": " the level of the top tax rate", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": " the level of inequality within a society", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": " spending can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": " steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": " individuals' access to education", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": " education", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": " lower incomes", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": " lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment. Conversely, education raises incomes and promotes growth because it helps to unleash the productive potential of the poor", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": " individuals' access to education", + "5729e1101d04691400779641": " variation in individuals' access to education", + "5729e1101d04691400779642": " high wages", + "5729e1101d04691400779643": " lower wages", + "5729e1101d04691400779644": " lower incomes", + "5729e1101d04691400779645": " individuals' access to education", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": " education", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": " $105 billion", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": " the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": " the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": " $105 billion", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": " 2008-2009 recession", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": " education", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": " $105 billion", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": " boom-and-bust cycles", + "5727f2714b864d1900164072": " skilled workers", + "5727f2714b864d1900164073": " Education", + "5727f2714b864d1900164074": " Education", + "5727f2714b864d1900164075": " Education", + "5727f2714b864d1900164076": " Education", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": " skilled workers", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": " a decrease in the price of skilled labor", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": " college and advanced degrees", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": " educational inequality", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": " CEPR point to economic liberalism", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": " inequality", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": " substantial levels of social exclusion", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": " CEPR", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": " Ben Zipperer", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": " social exclusion", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": " industrialized nations that didn't experience steep surges in inequality. He points out that nations with high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": " weak labor movements", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": " Jake Rosenfield", + "5727f7523acd2414000df110": " Jake Rosenfield", + "5729e4291d04691400779651": " University of Washington", + "5729e4291d04691400779652": " University of Washington", + "5729e4291d04691400779653": " technological changes", + "5729e4291d04691400779654": " low levels of inequality", + "5729e4291d04691400779655": " weak labor movements", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "ization may shift economic inequality from a global to a domestic scale. When rich countries trade with poor countries", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "ization may shift economic inequality from a global to a domestic scale. When rich countries trade with poor countries", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": " Lawrence Katz", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": " Lawrence Katz", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": " a global to a domestic scale", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": " the low", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": " the rising inequality in the United States", + "5729f1283f37b319004785da": " technological innovation", + "5729f1283f37b319004785db": " that low-skilled jobs have been replaced by machine labor in wealthier nations", + "5727fd123acd2414000df185": " 53% in Botswana to -40%", + "5727fd123acd2414000df186": " 53", + "5727fd123acd2414000df187": " Gender pay gap", + "5727fd123acd2414000df188": " males", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": " Gender pay gap in favor of males", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": " males", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": " Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": " Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": " a difference", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": " more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": " large part the result of stages of development. According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have relatively equal distributions of wealth", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": " more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income and introducing inequality", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": " equal distributions of wealth. As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "ist", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": " low levels of development have relatively equal distributions of wealth", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": " more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": " more wealth", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": " more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", + "57287b322ca10214002da3be": " movement from 1910 to 1940", + "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": " the 1970s", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": " Kuznets curve", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": " Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": " Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": " Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": " panel data has shown it to be very weak", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": " decrease", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": " service sector", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": " a theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": " the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth, thus are the beneficiaries", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": " a theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": " inequality", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": " the possession of already-wealthy individuals", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": " the beneficiaries", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": " persistence of inequality within society", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": " Piketty", + "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": " higher returns [pp. 384 Table 12.2, U.S. university endowment size vs. real annual rate of return]", + "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "rent-seeking", + "5729f4e46aef051400155156": " growing inequality", + "5729f4e46aef051400155158": " productivity", + "5729f4e46aef051400155159": " shape government policies financially beneficial to them. This process, known to economists as rent-seeking", + "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": " their effort", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": " a lower level of economic utility", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": " resources devoted on high-end consumption, and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": " each person equally, life expectancy is lower in more unequal countries (", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": " a lower level of economic utility", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": " lower in more unequal countries (r = -.907). A similar relationship exists among US states", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": " Robert J. Shiller", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": " a negative effect", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": " social dislocation", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": " Robert J. Shiller", + "572a06866aef0514001551be": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland", + "572a06866aef0514001551bf": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland", + "572a06866aef0514001551c0": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan", + "572a06866aef0514001551c2": " 23 developed countries", + "572a06866aef0514001551c1": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": " poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": " poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": " poorer countries, where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases, but in recent decades it has slowed down among middle income countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "about 77", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": " Americans", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": " income inequality", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": " nine factors", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": " nine factors", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": " income inequality", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": " 40 indicators in 22 countries, correlates with greater equality but not per capita", + "572a0a391d046914007796df": " inequality", + "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "Crime", + "572a0a391d046914007796e1": " fifty studies showing tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger. Research has been conducted comparing developed countries with undeveloped countries", + "572a0a391d046914007796e3": " the amount of inequality", + "572a0a391d046914007796e2": " the amount of inequality in each province", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": " economic inequality", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": " \"distributive efficiency\"", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": " a great deal of utility to that person, such as basic necessities", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": " decreases as a person becomes richer", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": " higher aggregate utility", + "572a0c541d046914007796f3": " the measure of inequality, and inequality of consumption", + "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "Conservative researchers", + "572a0c541d046914007796f5": " 2001", + "572a0c541d046914007796f6": " Prosperity of the Poor\" by journalist Thomas B. Edsall", + "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "Conservative researchers", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": " United States and around the world, have created deep financial 'fault lines'", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": " political pressure has developed to extend easier credit to the lower and middle income earners", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": " the lower and middle income earners", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": " stimulation", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": " High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but also the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": " education", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": " rich) increases, then GDP growth actually declines", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": " higher GDP growth. The poor and the middle class", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": " a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": " inequality", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": " economic growth. High and persistent unemployment", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": " subsequent long-run economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": " inequality", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": " inequality", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": " Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milanovic", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": " Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": " human capital", + "572a1046af94a219006aa790": " human capital", + "572a1046af94a219006aa791": " Joseph Stiglitz", + "572a11663f37b31900478693": " 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", + "572a11663f37b31900478694": " a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development", + "572a11663f37b31900478695": " Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", + "572a11663f37b31900478696": "education, experience, and apprenticeship)", + "572a11663f37b31900478697": " politically and socially unstable", + "572a12381d0469140077972d": " growth in richer countries", + "572a12381d0469140077972e": " reduce growth in relatively poor countries", + "572a12381d0469140077972c": " growth", + "572a12381d0469140077972b": " Harvard", + "572a12381d0469140077972f": " between 1960", + "572a13841d0469140077973b": " growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve", + "572a13841d0469140077973c": " first increases, then decreases", + "572a13841d0469140077973d": " the balancing of economic growth", + "572a13841d0469140077973e": " income inequality", + "572a13841d0469140077973f": "violent economic and political shocks\" reduced inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": " IMF economists found a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": " if these increase with inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": " increased income inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": " IMF economists found a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": " more equality in the income distribution", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": " poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": " existing level", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": " poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": " Nations", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": " poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": " associations", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": " associations", + "572a1ba46aef051400155290": " buying property", + "572a1ba46aef051400155291": " 200 steps and up to 14 years", + "572a1ba46aef051400155292": " government land", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": " affordable housing", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": " decreased", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": " higher quality housing increased", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": " income inequality", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": " income inequality", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": " lower incomes, the costs must be borrowed and often those on lower incomes are those who are worse equipped to manage their finances. Secondly, aspirational consumption", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": " their finances. Secondly, aspirational consumption", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": " their wealthier counterparts", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": " debt. The result leads to even greater inequality", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": " greater inequality and potential economic instability", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": " emissions per person being multiplied by a multiplier", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": " the amount of environmental degradation", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": " environmental degradation is the result of the increase of emissions per person", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": " emissions per person", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": " private ownership of the means of production by a class", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": " a situation where a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income by virtue of ownership titles", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": " wage or salary", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": " socially owned", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": " individual contributions", + "572a20816aef0514001552e4": " John Rawls", + "572a20816aef0514001552e5": " John Rawls", + "572a20816aef0514001552e6": " John Rawls", + "572a20816aef0514001552e7": " property", + "572a20816aef0514001552e8": " improve society as a whole", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": " income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": " end itself", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": " increasing functionings (the things a person values doing), capabilities (the freedom to enjoy functionings) and agency", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": " increasing functionings (the things a person values doing), capabilities (the freedom to enjoy functionings) and agency", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "the freedom to enjoy functionings) and agency", + "572a2224af94a219006aa823": " functionings, capabilities, and agency", + "572a2224af94a219006aa824": " functionings, capabilities, and agency", + "572a2224af94a219006aa825": " political freedom, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security", + "572a2224af94a219006aa826": " for fear of their lives", + "572a2224af94a219006aa827": " a better relevant income", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": " the BBC", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": " 1963 when the series first aired", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": " TARDIS", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": " British police box", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": " British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": " 1963 to 1989", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": " by Russell T Davies", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": " Christopher Eccleston", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": " Christopher Eccleston", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": " Christopher Eccleston", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": " the same storyline. The time-travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": " the same storyline. The time-travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": " the same storyline. The time-travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": " met each other. Peter Capaldi", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": " met each other. Peter Capaldi", + "5727f2583acd2414000df087": " Gallifrey", + "5727f2583acd2414000df088": " Mark I Type 40 TARDIS", + "5727f2583acd2414000df089": " a \"chameleon circuit\"", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": " local objects as a disguise", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": " blue British Police box", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": " one or more companions", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": " the Daleks", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": " appearance and personality. The Doctor has gained numerous reoccurring enemies during his travels, including the Daleks", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": " one or more companions to share these adventures. His companions are usually humans", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": " minimal resources, such as his versatile sonic screwdriver. As a Time Lord", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": " family audience", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": " Newman", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": " Anthony Coburn", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": " 26 seasons", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": " Jonathan Powell", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": " Jonathan Powell", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": " the decision not to commission a planned 27th series", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": " BBC", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": " Philip Segal", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": " Philip Segal, a British expatriate who worked for Columbia Pictures' television arm in the United States, had approached the BBC about such a venture", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": " the Fox Network", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": " 9.1 million", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": " 9.1 million viewers), it was less so in the United States", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": " 26 March 2005", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": " 26 March 2005", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": " 2009", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": " Chris Chibnall", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": " nine", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": " 2005", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": " 1963\u20131989 series", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": " 2005", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": " Battlestar Galactica", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": " 1963\u20131989 series[note 2] and the 1996 telefilm. This is similar to the 1988 continuation of Mission Impossible", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": " 30 November 1963", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": " 30 November 1963", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": " 30 November 1963", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": " 30 November 1963", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": " 30 November 1963", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": " Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": " Museum of the Moving Image in London named their exhibition celebrating the programme \"Behind the Sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": " Digital Spy", + "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": " Digital Spy", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": " Doctor Who", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": " 3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show as \"very unsuitable\" for family viewing. Responding to the findings of the survey in The Times", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": " The Times newspaper, journalist Philip Howard", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": " family viewing", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": " Doctor Who", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": " TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": " TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": " TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": " merchandising associated with Doctor Who", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": " Metropolitan Police Authority filed an objection to the trade mark claim; but in 2002, the Patent Office ruled in favour of the BBC", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": " 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": " 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989. During the original run, each weekly episode formed part of a story (or \"serial\") \u2014 usually of four", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": " 12 episodes", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": " four to six parts in earlier years and three to four in later years. Notable exceptions were: The Daleks", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": " 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989. During the original run, each weekly episode formed part of a story (or \"serial\") \u2014 usually of four", + "572801823acd2414000df1fb": " 2005", + "572801823acd2414000df1fc": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes with adverts, on overseas commercial channels), and an extended episode broadcast on Christmas Day", + "572801823acd2414000df1fd": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes with adverts, on overseas commercial channels), and an extended episode broadcast on Christmas Day", + "572801823acd2414000df1fe": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes with adverts, on overseas commercial channels), and an extended episode broadcast on Christmas Day", + "572801823acd2414000df1ff": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes with adverts, on overseas commercial channels), and an extended episode broadcast on Christmas Day", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": " 45", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": " 45", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": " four additional specials ranging from 60 to 75", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": " 75", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "826", + "572803493acd2414000df229": " Patrick Troughton", + "572803493acd2414000df22a": " 97 of 253", + "572803493acd2414000df22b": " 97", + "572803493acd2414000df22c": " destroying \"spare\" film copies", + "572803493acd2414000df22d": " 97", + "572804522ca10214002d9b94": " Marco Polo", + "572804522ca10214002d9b95": " fans", + "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "Mission to the Unknown\" and The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve", + "572804522ca10214002d9b96": " Audio", + "572804522ca10214002d9b98": " home viewers", + "572805363acd2414000df26d": " Cosgrove Hall, reconstructed the missing episodes 1 and 4", + "572805363acd2414000df26e": " Cosgrove Hall, reconstructed the missing episodes 1 and 4", + "572805363acd2414000df26f": "1968", + "572805363acd2414000df270": " Theta-Sigma", + "572805363acd2414000df271": " The Invasion (1968), using remastered audio tracks and the comprehensive stage notes for the original filming, for the serial's DVD release in November 2006", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": " Second Doctor underwent a \"change of appearance", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": " William Hartnell", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": " William Hartnell", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": " William Hartnell", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": " William Hartnell", + "572808bf4b864d190016429a": " 13 incarnations", + "572808bf4b864d190016429b": " 13 incarnations", + "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "elfth Doctor", + "572808bf4b864d190016429d": " 13 incarnations", + "572808bf4b864d190016429e": " 1996", + "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": " John Hurt", + "572809ab4b864d19001642af": " John Hurt guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": " Michael Jayston portrayed the Valeyard, who is described as an amalgamation of the darker sides of the Doctor", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": " The Trial of a Time Lord", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": " Eccleston", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": " William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": " Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": " William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": " Space Museum", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": " William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": " Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": " Paul McGann, Colin Baker, Sylvester McCoy and Peter Davison was released with additional archive recordings of Jon Pertwee", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": " Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": " Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": " 2003", + "57280e323acd2414000df349": "venth", + "57280e323acd2414000df34a": " The Brain of Morbius", + "57280e323acd2414000df34b": "1976", + "57280e323acd2414000df34c": " The Brain of Morbius", + "57280e323acd2414000df34d": "1976", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": " An Unearthly Child, shows that the Doctor has a granddaughter, Susan Foreman", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": " Susan Foreman", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": " 1967", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": " destroyed; in \"The Empty Child\" (2005), Dr. Constantine", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "Smith and Jones\"", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": " humanoid aliens", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": " The Deadly Assassin", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": " The Deadly Assassin", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": " aliens", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": " Sarah Jane Smith", + "572811434b864d190016438c": " Mickey Smith", + "572811434b864d190016438d": "Billie Piper), Martha Jones (Freema Agyeman), and Donna Noble (Catherine Tate) with Mickey Smith", + "572811434b864d190016438e": " Amy Pond", + "572811434b864d190016438f": " Mickey Smith", + "572811434b864d1900164390": "atherine Tate) with Mickey Smith", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": " Steven Moffat", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": " Cybermen", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": " Nest", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": " Cybermen", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": " aliens", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": " Dalek", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": " Skaro", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": " Davros", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": " Davros", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": " their eyestalk", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": " a renegade Time Lord", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": " Eric Roberts", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": " Eric Roberts", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": " Geoffrey Beevers", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": " Roger Delgado", + "572814882ca10214002d9d72": " Michelle Gomez", + "572814882ca10214002d9d73": " Michelle Gomez", + "572814882ca10214002d9d74": " 2005", + "572814882ca10214002d9d75": " Michelle Gomez", + "572814882ca10214002d9d76": " Michelle Gomez", + "572816213acd2414000df429": " Ron Grainer", + "572816213acd2414000df42a": " Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop", + "572816213acd2414000df42b": " Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", + "572816213acd2414000df42c": "1979", + "572816213acd2414000df42d": " Grainer asked, \"Did I write that?\"", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": " Dominic Glynn's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord in season 23 (1986). Keff McCulloch", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": " Dominic Glynn's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord in season 23 (1986). Keff McCulloch", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": " Seventh Doctor", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": " Seventh Doctor", + "572817802ca10214002d9db4": " Ron Grainer's original theme for Doctor Who", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": " Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, \"Voyage of the Damned", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": " Classic FM", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": " hostile reception from some viewers", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": " 228", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "The Day of the Doctor\"", + "572819864b864d190016447e": " Jon Pertwee", + "572819864b864d190016447f": " Jon Pertwee, who had played the Third Doctor, recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics", + "572819864b864d1900164480": " Gallifrey And Beyond", + "572819864b864d1900164481": " The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (later known as The KLF) released the single \"Doctorin' the Tardis\"", + "572819864b864d1900164482": " Gallifrey And Beyond", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": " Dudley Simpson", + "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": " Planet of Giants", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": " Planet of Giants (1964", + "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": " Planet of Giants", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": " Planet of Giants", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": " David Tennant", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": " David Tennant", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": " 27 July 2008", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": " Daleks and Cybermen appeared whilst music from their stories was played. The concert aired on BBCi on Christmas Day 2006", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": " Murray Gold and Ben Foster", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": " 4 October 2010 as a two disc special edition", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": " 4 October 2010 as a two disc special edition", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": " 8 November 2010. In February 2011, a soundtrack was released for the 2010 Christmas special: \"A Christmas Carol", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": " 8 November 2010", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "The Day of the Doctor\"", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "ARDIS", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": " Day of the Doctor\"", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": " First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor) was reused in a slightly modified format for the 50th anniversary special \"The Day of the Doctor\"", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "The Day of the Doctor\"", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": " second episode", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": " second episode the following week. Doctor Who has always appeared initially on the BBC's mainstream BBC One channel", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": " over 12 million", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": " 1964\u20131965", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": " second episode the following week. Doctor Who has always appeared initially on the BBC's mainstream BBC One channel", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": " 16 million", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": " 1985 and the show was off the air for 18 months. Its late 1980s performance of three to five million", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": " three to five million", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": " 16 million", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": " 16 million", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": " The Five Doctors", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": " 1988 story Silver Nemesis was broadcast with all three episodes airing back to back on TVNZ", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": " 12 May 1996", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": " four", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": " 1988 story Silver Nemesis", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": " January 1965", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": " The Five Doctors", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": " Australia", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": " modern series first run on ABC1, with repeats on ABC2. The ABC also provided partial funding for the 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": "1", + "572825714b864d1900164590": " 1976", + "572825714b864d1900164591": " The Three Doctors", + "572825714b864d1900164592": " Space", + "572825714b864d1900164593": " CBC", + "572825714b864d1900164594": " The Three Doctors", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": " Christopher Eccleston", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": " Christopher Eccleston", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": " CBC", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": " 26 December", + "572826762ca10214002d9f30": " 9 October 2006", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": " BBC Video on DVD, on sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": " VHS", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": " Laserdisc and many have also been released on Betamax tape and Video 2000. One episode of Doctor Who", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": " 1970 story Spearhead", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": " 2005 series is also available in its entirety on UMD", + "572828383acd2414000df5c3": " Trevor Martin", + "572828383acd2414000df5c4": " Trevor Martin", + "572828383acd2414000df5c5": " Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", + "572828383acd2414000df5c6": " Trevor Martin", + "572828383acd2414000df5c7": " Trevor Martin", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": " John Barrowman", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": " John Barrowman", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": " 2008", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": " John Barrowman", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": " John Barrowman", + "57282f204b864d190016468a": " Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith", + "57282f204b864d190016468b": " 24 September 2007", + "57282f204b864d190016468c": " 2010", + "57282f204b864d190016468d": " Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor alongside former companion actress Katy Manning", + "57282f204b864d190016468e": " 24 September 2007. A second series followed in 2008, notable for (as noted above) featuring the return of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart", + "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": " 3D programmes the BBC produced at the time, using a 3D system that made use of the Pulfrich effect", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": " Dimensions", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": " a crossover with the soap opera EastEnders", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": " Pulfrich effect", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": " effect", + "572831512ca10214002da04a": " Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death", + "572831512ca10214002da04b": " four segments", + "572831512ca10214002da04c": " Richard E. Grant", + "572831512ca10214002da04d": " Richard E. Grant", + "572831512ca10214002da04e": " Steven Moffat", + "572833662ca10214002da086": " Channel 4 series Queer as Folk", + "572833662ca10214002da087": " Adult Swim comedy show Robot Chicken, the Family Guy episodes \"Blue Harvest\" and \"420\", and the game RuneScape", + "572833662ca10214002da088": " Channel 4 series Queer as Folk", + "572833662ca10214002da089": " Steven Moffat) is portrayed as a Doctor Who collector", + "572833662ca10214002da08a": " young adult fantasy novels Brisingr and High Wizardry", + "572834524b864d1900164716": " The Chase", + "572834524b864d1900164717": " Ten years", + "572834524b864d1900164718": " The Chase", + "572834524b864d1900164719": " 1988", + "572834524b864d190016471a": " The Chase", + "572835854b864d190016472e": " Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD. The earliest of these featured the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors", + "572835854b864d190016472f": " Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors", + "572835854b864d1900164730": " Big Finish", + "572835854b864d1900164731": " Big Finish", + "572835854b864d1900164732": " Paul McGann's Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001. Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor began appearing for Big Finish in 2012", + "572836732ca10214002da0dc": " 1965 to 1991", + "572836732ca10214002da0dd": " from the mid-sixties", + "572836732ca10214002da0de": " Panini, as is the Doctor Who Adventures magazine for younger fans", + "572836732ca10214002da0df": " younger fans", + "572836732ca10214002da0e0": " Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures", + "572837402ca10214002da0f4": " BBC Television in the early 1960s", + "572837402ca10214002da0f5": " BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes", + "572837402ca10214002da0f6": " distaste for the idea.", + "572837402ca10214002da0f7": " any of such stories", + "572838323acd2414000df737": " Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor", + "572838323acd2414000df738": "2005", + "572838323acd2414000df739": " 2011", + "572838323acd2414000df73a": " Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor and in 2016, Michelle Gomez", + "572838323acd2414000df73b": " Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor", + "57283a392ca10214002da118": " broadcast ratings", + "57283a392ca10214002da119": " 50th anniversary", + "57283a392ca10214002da11a": " Peabody Awards", + "57283a392ca10214002da11b": " 2013", + "57283a392ca10214002da11c": " 50th anniversary", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": " 1975, Season 11 of the series won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial. In 1996", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": " Season 11", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": " Film Institute", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": " SFX magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever\".", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": " 20th century", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": " 3rd greatest show of the 2000s", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": " 25 wins", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": " 25 wins", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": " 2009", + "57283ce72ca10214002da150": " Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": " Matt Smith", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": " 200 awards", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": " Matt Smith", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": " Matt Smith won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards alongside Karen Gillan", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": " Matt Smith", + "57283e652ca10214002da166": " Jon Culshaw", + "57283e652ca10214002da167": " the BBC Dead Ringers", + "57283e652ca10214002da168": "a Dalek invades his bathroom \u2014 Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge at it) and Lenny Henry. Jon Culshaw", + "57283e652ca10214002da16a": " Dalek invades his bathroom \u2014 Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge at it) and Lenny Henry. Jon Culshaw", + "57283e652ca10214002da169": " Jon Culshaw", + "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "UChicago, Chicago, or U of C", + "57283c464b864d19001647c9": " in 1890", + "57283c464b864d19001647ca": " The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools", + "57283c464b864d19001647cb": " seven professional schools. Beyond the arts", + "57283c464b864d19001647cc": " 5,000", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": " various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": " university's Stagg Field", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "University of Chicago", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": " Chicago", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": " 2020", + "57283f014b864d19001647e8": " William Rainey Harper", + "57283f014b864d19001647e9": " William Rainey Harper", + "57283f014b864d19001647ea": " William Rainey Harper", + "57283f014b864d19001647eb": " 1890", + "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "92", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": " John D. Rockefeller", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": " Silas B. Cobb who provided the funds for the campus' first building, Cobb Lecture Hall", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": " Silas B. Cobb who provided the funds for the campus' first building, Cobb Lecture Hall", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": " $100,000", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": " John D. Rockefeller", + "572843304b864d1900164848": " Des Moines College, Kalamazoo College, Butler University, and Stetson University. In 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College", + "572843304b864d1900164849": " 1896", + "572843304b864d190016484a": " grade of A", + "572843304b864d190016484b": " Butler University, and Stetson University. In 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College", + "572843304b864d190016484c": " 1890s", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": " Robert Maynard Hutchins", + "57284456ff5b5019007da060": " the Common Core", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": " Robert Maynard Hutchins", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": " 1929", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": " 1929, the university's fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": " 1950s", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": " declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": " college; in addition, students enrolled at Shimer were enabled to transfer automatically to the University of Chicago after their second year", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": " student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": " college", + "572847ff3acd2414000df869": " 1962", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": " Kalven Report", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": " 1962", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": " a two-page statement of the university's policy in \"social and political action", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": " a two-page statement of the university's policy in \"social and political action", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": " Milton Friedman Institute", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": " Milton Friedman Institute", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": " $200 million", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": " $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": " Milton Friedman Institute", + "57284b904b864d19001648e2": " Main Quadrangles", + "57284b904b864d19001648e3": " six quadrangles", + "57284b904b864d19001648e4": " six quadrangles, each surrounded by buildings, bordering one larger quadrangle. The buildings of the Main Quadrangles were designed by Cobb", + "57284b904b864d19001648e5": " Magdalen Tower, and the university Commons", + "57284b904b864d19001648e6": " Henry Ives Cobb", + "57284d484b864d1900164900": " 1955", + "57284d484b864d1900164901": " Gerald Ratner Athletics Center", + "57284d484b864d1900164902": " university's School of Social Service Administration", + "57284d484b864d1900164903": " Harris School of Public Policy Studies by Edward Durrell", + "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": " Center", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": " a campus located on the left bank of the Seine", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": " Center in Paris", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": " Renmin University's campus in Haidian District", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": " 2014, and a center in Hong Kong which opened in 2015", + "5728501aff5b5019007da166": " Daniel Diermeier", + "5728501aff5b5019007da167": " 50 members", + "5728501aff5b5019007da168": " University of Chicago", + "5728501aff5b5019007da169": " Andrew Alper, and the President of the university is Robert Zimmer", + "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": " Daniel Diermeier", + "5728510f4b864d1900164936": " Higher Learning Commission", + "5728510f4b864d1900164937": " seven professional schools", + "5728510f4b864d1900164938": " College, four divisions", + "57285213ff5b5019007da180": " 50 academic majors and 28 minors", + "57285213ff5b5019007da181": " 50 academic majors and 28 minors", + "57285213ff5b5019007da182": " five divisions: the Biological Sciences", + "57285213ff5b5019007da183": " College of the University of Chicago", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": " Common Core", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": " 17", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": " Harvard, Yale, Princeton, MIT", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": " Uni in the USA", + "572855973acd2414000df925": " Council on Advanced Studies", + "572855973acd2414000df926": " Council on Advanced Studies", + "572855973acd2414000df927": " Urban Education Institute", + "572855973acd2414000df928": " Council on Advanced Studies", + "572855973acd2414000df929": " learning disabilities", + "572856beff5b5019007da190": " 9.8 million", + "572856beff5b5019007da191": " 9.8 million", + "572856beff5b5019007da192": " the Regenstein Library", + "572856beff5b5019007da193": " 2011", + "572856beff5b5019007da194": " 9.8 million", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus. Among these are the Oriental Institute", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus. Among these are the Oriental Institute", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": " Argonne National Laboratory", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": " Fermilab", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": " Fermilab, a nearby particle physics laboratory, as well as a stake in the Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": " shaping ideas about the free market and is the namesake of the Chicago school of economics, the school of economic thought supported by Milton Friedman", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": " University of Chicago", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": " Miller\u2013Urey experiment", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": " 1953 by Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky", + "572861cc4b864d190016495e": " 1933", + "572861cc4b864d190016495f": " music composition since 1933", + "572861cc4b864d1900164960": " UChicago", + "572861cc4b864d1900164961": " UChicago", + "572861cc4b864d1900164962": " thousand major and non-major undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes", + "572863363acd2414000df985": " 5,792", + "572863363acd2414000df986": " 5,792", + "572863363acd2414000df987": " 5,792", + "572863363acd2414000df988": " 5,792", + "572863363acd2414000df989": " 26% of students were domestic ethnic minorities", + "572864542ca10214002da2de": " University Athletic Association", + "572864542ca10214002da2df": " NCAA's Division III", + "572864542ca10214002da2e0": " the Big Ten Conference", + "572864542ca10214002da2e1": " Jay Berwanger", + "572864542ca10214002da2e2": " 1946", + "5728659f4b864d190016498a": " 400", + "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Students at the University of Chicago", + "5728659f4b864d190016498c": " University of Chicago", + "5728659f4b864d190016498d": " Doc Films", + "5728659f4b864d190016498e": " troupe Off-Off Campus", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": " graduate and undergraduate students elected to represent members from their respective academic unit. It is led by an Executive Committee, chaired by a President", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": " Executive Committee, chaired by a President with the assistance of two Vice Presidents, one for Administration and the other for Student Life", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": " two Vice Presidents, one for Administration and the other for Student Life", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": " $2 million", + "572867543acd2414000df9a1": " fifteen fraternities and seven sororities at the University of Chicago", + "572867543acd2414000df9a2": " fifteen fraternities and seven sororities at the University of Chicago", + "572867543acd2414000df9a3": " Alpha Phi Omega", + "572867543acd2414000df9a4": " seven sororities at the University of Chicago", + "572867543acd2414000df9a5": " fifteen", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "Every May since 1987", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": " 1987", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": " Kuviasung", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": " Kuviasung", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": " Satya Nadella", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", + "57286951ff5b5019007da210": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", + "57286951ff5b5019007da211": " Satya Nadella", + "57286951ff5b5019007da212": " Satya Nadella", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": " Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": " Saul Alinsky, Obama campaign advisor and top political advisor to President Bill Clinton", + "57286ab72ca10214002da320": " Saul Alinsky, Obama campaign advisor and top political advisor to President Bill Clinton David Axelrod, Attorney General and federal judge Robert Bork", + "57286ab72ca10214002da321": " Masaaki Shirakawa", + "57286ab72ca10214002da322": " Eliot Ness", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": " Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller \"The Closing of the American Mind\" Allan Bloom", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": " Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller \"The Closing of the American Mind\" Allan Bloom", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": " Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller \"The Closing of the American Mind\" Allan Bloom", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": " Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller \"The Closing of the American Mind\" Allan Bloom", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": " Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller \"The Closing of the American Mind\" Allan Bloom", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": " Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": " arts and entertainment, minimalist composer Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": " Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": " Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": " Mike Nichols, film director and screenwriter Philip Kaufman", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": " Friedman", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": " Edwin Hubble, known for \"Hubble's Law\", NASA astronaut John M. Grunsfeld", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": " David Suzuki", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": " John B. Goodenough", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": " Clair Cameron Patterson, who developed the uranium-lead dating method into lead-lead dating. Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": " Milton Friedman", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": " Margaret Thatcher", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": " Eugene Fama", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": " social theorist, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": " David Graeber and Donald Johanson", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": " Samuel Reshevsky", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": " White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council Samuel P. Huntington", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": " A. A. Michelson", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": " Arthur H. Compton", + "572872dd2ca10214002da380": " Enrico Fermi", + "572872dd2ca10214002da381": " Edward Teller", + "572872dd2ca10214002da382": " Maria Goeppert", + "5728742cff5b5019007da246": " James Henry Breasted", + "5728742cff5b5019007da247": " Gerard Kuiper", + "5728742cff5b5019007da248": " Ted Fujita", + "5728742cff5b5019007da249": " Saul Bellow, political philosopher and author Allan Bloom", + "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": " Charles Brent", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": " Raghuram Rajan", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": " President Barack Obama's Council of Economic Advisors Austan Goolsbee", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": " David Bevington", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": " John Mearsheimer", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": " Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": " D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n; Mongolian: Yehe Yuan Ulus[a]), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": " D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n; Mongolian: Yehe Yuan Ulus[a]), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": " Kublai Khan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": " Kublai Khan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": " the traditional Chinese style", + "572860e03acd2414000df977": " M\u00f6ngke Khan", + "572860e03acd2414000df978": " M\u00f6ngke Khan", + "572860e03acd2414000df979": " M\u00f6ngke Khan", + "572860e03acd2414000df97a": " Genghis Khan", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": " Kublai Khan", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": " Dai \u00d6n Ulus", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": " Dai \u00d6n Ulus", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Empire of the Great Khan\"", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": " Great Khan", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": " Mongol and Turkic tribes of the steppes", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": " 1206. He and his successors expanded the Mongol empire across Asia. Under the reign of Genghis' third son, \u00d6gedei", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": " \u00d6gedei", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": " 1206. He and his successors expanded the Mongol empire across Asia. Under the reign of Genghis' third son, \u00d6gedei", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": " G\u00fcy\u00fc", + "572864dd4b864d1900164976": " Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin. Two Han Chinese leaders, Shi Tianze", + "572864dd4b864d1900164977": " Mongols to fight against the Jin. Two Han Chinese leaders, Shi Tianze", + "572864dd4b864d1900164978": " Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin. Two Han Chinese leaders, Shi Tianze", + "572864dd4b864d1900164979": " 10,000 troops", + "572864dd4b864d190016497a": " 10,000 troops", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": " Han", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": " Jin dynasty", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": " Jurchen", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": " Jurchen became common at this time. His father was Shi Bingzhi", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": " Mongol forces upon their invasion of the Jin dynasty", + "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", + "572867212ca10214002da2f3": " military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty in southern China", + "572867212ca10214002da2f4": " successor", + "572867212ca10214002da2f5": " Ariq B\u00f6ke, was challenging his claim to the throne", + "572867212ca10214002da2f6": " Zhongtong", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": " domestic unrest. Li Tan", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": " south", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": " domestic unrest. Li Tan", + "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": " domestic unrest. Li Tan", + "572867d72ca10214002da300": " Mongol rule in 1262", + "572869b84b864d19001649ae": " Imperial Secretariat", + "572869b84b864d19001649b0": " local administrative structure of past Chinese dynasties unchanged", + "572869b84b864d19001649b2": " Imperial Secretariat", + "572869b84b864d19001649b1": " Yuan society", + "572869b84b864d19001649af": " salt and iron. He restored the Imperial Secretariat", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": " Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": " Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": " Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": " Jurchen capital Zhongdu", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": " Confucian propriety", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": " Khan promoted commercial, scientific, and cultural growth", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": " peace, enabled the spread of technologies, commodities, and culture between China and the West", + "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": " southern China to Daidu in the north", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": " southern China to Daidu in the north", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": " Khan", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": " Song Emperor", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": " Kong Duancao", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": " 30,000", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": " northern China, Kublai pursued an expansionist policy in line with the tradition of Mongol and Chinese imperialism", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": " 1268 and 1273", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": " Yangzi River basin", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": " Hangzhou", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": " drowned, bringing an end to the Song dynasty", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": " 1281", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "81", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": " Vietnam", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": " Fujian", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": " Fujian", + "57286ead2ca10214002da346": " 1253", + "57286ead2ca10214002da347": " Zhenjin", + "57286ead2ca10214002da348": " Crown Prince, but he died before Kublai in 1285", + "57286ead2ca10214002da349": " Emperor Chengzong", + "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": " Khan, or Emperor Chengzong", + "57286f373acd2414000df9db": " Buyantu Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": " fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": " Li Meng", + "57286f373acd2414000df9de": " Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9df": " Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": " Gegeen Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": " Gegeen Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Emperor Gegeen Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": " Gegeen Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": " five princes", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": " Shangdu in 1328", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": " the War of the Two Capitals", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": " four days after a banquet with Tugh Tem\u00fcr", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "ibagh known as the War of the Two Capitals", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": " Tugh Tem\u00fcr eventually won the civil war against Ragibagh known as the War of the Two Capitals", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": " El Tem\u00fcr's death", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": " Toghun Tem\u00fcr (Emperor Huizong), the last of the nine successors of Kublai Khan", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": " Huizong), the last of the nine successors of Kublai Khan", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": " nine successors of Kublai Khan", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": " Kublai Khan", + "572872822ca10214002da374": " The reigns of the later Yuan emperors were short and marked by intrigues and rivalries. Uninterested in administration", + "572872822ca10214002da375": " China", + "572872822ca10214002da376": " both the army and the populace, and China was torn by dissension", + "572872822ca10214002da377": " The reigns of the later Yuan emperors were short and marked by intrigues and rivalries. Uninterested in administration", + "572872822ca10214002da378": " administration", + "57287338ff5b5019007da232": " Red Turban Rebellion", + "57287338ff5b5019007da233": " the Red Turban Rebellion", + "57287338ff5b5019007da234": " betrayal", + "57287338ff5b5019007da235": " Red Turban Rebellion", + "57287338ff5b5019007da236": " 1340s", + "572878942ca10214002da3a2": " Buddhism", + "572878942ca10214002da3a3": " Buddhism", + "572878942ca10214002da3a4": " Ilkhanate", + "572878942ca10214002da3a5": " Buddhism", + "572879574b864d1900164a14": " Nestorianism", + "572879574b864d1900164a15": " Central Asia, of growing numbers of Chinese in the northwest and southwest. Nestorianism", + "572879574b864d1900164a16": " Nestorianism", + "572879574b864d1900164a17": " Nestorianism", + "572879574b864d1900164a18": " travel literature", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": " Venetian Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": " Venetian Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": " Venetian Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": " 1299", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": " Persian traders", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": " Guo Shoujing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": " 365.2425 days", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": " Road and water communications were reorganized and improved. To provide against possible famines, granaries were ordered built throughout the empire. The city of Beijing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": " Road and water communications were reorganized and improved. To provide against possible famines, granaries were ordered built throughout the empire. The city of Beijing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": " Yuan", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": " Kublai Khan", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": " Eternal Heaven", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": " between the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty. Note, however, Yuan dynasty is traditionally often extended to cover the Mongol Empire before Kublai Khan", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": " between the Song dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": " a period of foreign domination", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": " Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": " Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": " Liu Bingzhong", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": " civil, military, and censorial offices", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": " Six Ministries), was created in China. At various times another central government institution called the Department of State Affairs", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": " Privy Council", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": " Sui and Tang dynasties", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": " Six Ministries", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": " Privy Council", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": " Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": " Mongolian", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": " converse well in the language. The Mongol custom of long standing quda/marriage alliance", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": " Tangut concubine", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": " Tugh Temur", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": " 1290", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": " forbade the sale abroad", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": " harvests of their Chinese tenants eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty. The Mongols practiced debt slavery", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": " landscape painting", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": " landscape painting", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": " Song dynasty", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": " landscape painting", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": " poetry", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": " Kublai Khan", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": " Buddhism", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": " The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": " the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": " Sakya sect", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": " four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": " algebra", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": " Shijie (1249\u20131314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": " Shoushi Li (\u6388\u6642\u66a6) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": " Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": " Shoushi", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": " Shoushi", + "5728809f2ca10214002da410": " Shoushi", + "572881022ca10214002da416": " Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "572881022ca10214002da417": " Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "572881022ca10214002da418": " Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "572881022ca10214002da419": " Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "572881022ca10214002da41a": " Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "572881704b864d1900164a50": " Wei Yilin", + "572881704b864d1900164a51": " Wei Yilin", + "572881704b864d1900164a52": " Wei Yilin", + "572881704b864d1900164a53": " military campaigns by the Mongols as they expanded towards the west. Chinese medical techniques such as acupuncture", + "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": " Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": " 1263", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": " 1263", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": " huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": " huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter", + "572882242ca10214002da420": " Kingdom of Qocho", + "572882242ca10214002da421": " Imperial Library Directorate", + "572882242ca10214002da422": " 12th century", + "572882242ca10214002da423": " Imperial Library Directorate", + "572882242ca10214002da424": " a government-sponsored printing office. The Yuan government established centers for printing throughout China", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": " bronze plates in 1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": " bronze plates in 1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": " 1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": " bronze plates in 1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": " bronze plates in 1275. The Mongols experimented with establishing the Chinese-style paper monetary system", + "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": " North Chinese or Southerners", + "572883153acd2414000dfa70": " the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", + "572883153acd2414000dfa71": " North Chinese or Southerners", + "572883153acd2414000dfa72": " few North Chinese or Southerners", + "572883153acd2414000dfa73": " North Chinese or Southerners", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": " Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": " Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": " Besh Baliq", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": " artisans and farmers. Alans", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": " Alans", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": " massacred by the Yuan loyalist commander Chen Youding", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": " massacred by the Yuan loyalist commander Chen Youding", + "57288428ff5b5019007da290": " Zhu Yuanzhang", + "57288428ff5b5019007da291": " massacred by the Yuan loyalist commander Chen Youding", + "57288428ff5b5019007da292": " the rebellion was crushed and the Muslims were massacred by the Yuan loyalist commander Chen Youding", + "5728848cff5b5019007da298": " Frederick W. Mote", + "5728848cff5b5019007da299": " Frederick W. Mote", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": " Mongol and Semu than there were Mongol and Semu who lived in poverty", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": " Semu than there were Mongol and Semu who lived in poverty", + "572885023acd2414000dfa83": " Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower", + "572885023acd2414000dfa84": " Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower", + "572885023acd2414000dfa85": " Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower", + "572885023acd2414000dfa86": " Southern Chinese were ranked lower", + "572885023acd2414000dfa87": " Major commerce", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": " Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": " the Karluk Kara-Khan", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": " who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": " Karluk Kara-Khan", + "572885c44b864d1900164a78": " Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", + "572885c44b864d1900164a79": " the Central Secretariat", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": " Zhongshu Sheng)", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": " Beijing", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": " Zhongshu Sheng) at Khanbaliq (modern Beijing); similarly, another top-level administrative department called the Bureau", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": " approximately 45 million", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": " East African Community", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": " Nairobi", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": " approximately 45 million", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": " 45 million", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": " warm and humid tropical climate", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": " Nairobi", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Kenya has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "Kenya", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": "aris", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": " Lower Paleolithic period. By the first millennium AD", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": " Lower Paleolithic period. By the first millennium AD", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": " European and Arab presence", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": " the 19th century", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": " December 1963", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": " Mount Kenya", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": " Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words Kirinyaga", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "God's resting place\"", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": " Kenia and Kegnia", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": " Kenia, 1862", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": " 1862", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": " 1862", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "Big Five", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": " Two million wildebeest", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": " Two million", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": " Two million", + "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": " 2,900", + "5728fa576aef051400154920": " Pleistocene epoch", + "5728fa576aef051400154921": " Pleistocene epoch", + "5728fa576aef051400154922": " Homo erectus", + "5728fa576aef051400154923": " Homo erectus", + "5728fa576aef051400154924": " Pleistocene epoch. During excavations at Lake Turkana in 1984, paleoanthropologist Richard Leake", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": " Swahili built Mombasa", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": " Mombasa", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": " moored small craft of many kinds", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": " Malindi", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": " Malindi. It has remained an important Swahili settlement since the 14th century", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": " Zheng He representing the Ming Dynasty", + "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": " August 1914", + "5729024f1d04691400778f60": " Paul von Lettow", + "5729024f1d04691400778f61": " Paul von Lettow", + "5729024f1d04691400778f62": " Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", + "5729024f1d04691400778f63": " Northern Rhodesia", + "572903d96aef0514001549a4": " 80,000 white settlers", + "572903d96aef0514001549a5": " million members of the Kikuyu people, most of whom had no land claims", + "572903d96aef0514001549a6": " coffee", + "572903d96aef0514001549a7": " million", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": " General China) on 15 January 1954", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": " 21 October 1956", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": " 24 April", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": " 4,686", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "erton Plan", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": " 1957", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": " local rivals, it was the Kenya African National Union", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": " Protectorate", + "572906e23f37b31900477f90": " the Kenya Independence Act 1963", + "572906e23f37b31900477f91": " \"Republic of Kenya", + "572909406aef0514001549dc": " Daniel arap Moi", + "572909406aef0514001549dd": " Daniel arap Moi", + "572909406aef0514001549de": " Daniel arap Moi", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": " presidential representative democratic republic. The President is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": " Daniel arap Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": " the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate. The Judiciary", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "Kenya is a presidential representative", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "Kenya", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": " Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": " public sector corruption in various countries. In 2012, the nation placed 139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": " Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": " Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission", + "57290d811d04691400778fcf": " National Unity", + "57290d811d04691400778fd0": " Orange Democratic Movement", + "57290d811d04691400778fd1": " Odinga declaring himself the \"people's president\"", + "57290d811d04691400778fd2": "Kenya (ODM-K)'s candidate, Kalonzo Musyoka", + "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": " Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", + "57290e153f37b31900477fda": " Evangelical Lutheran Church", + "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": " Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", + "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": " Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", + "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": " 28 February 2008", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": " vice-president and two deputy Prime Ministers", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": " PNU and ODM", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": " PNU and ODM camps", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": " 28 February 2008", + "57290f963f37b31900477feb": " the functions of the Government and will be occupied by an elected MP", + "57290f963f37b31900477fec": " Nairobi's Harambee House", + "57290f963f37b31900477fed": " Government and will be occupied by an elected MP", + "57290f963f37b31900477fee": " PNU and ODM began working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement", + "57290f963f37b31900477fef": " the two political parties would share power equally", + "572913626aef051400154a30": " 4 August 2010", + "572913626aef051400154a31": " 4 August 2010", + "572913626aef051400154a32": " constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", + "572913626aef051400154a33": " 27 August 2010", + "572913626aef051400154a34": " Second Republic", + "572914441d04691400779025": " Jubillee Coalition", + "572914441d04691400779026": " Jubillee Coalition", + "572914441d04691400779027": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill, arguing that it infringed on democratic freedoms", + "572914441d04691400779028": " National Assembly", + "572914441d04691400779029": " Jubillee Coalition", + "572914f46aef051400154a46": " William Ruto related to the 2007 election aftermath, US President Barack Obama", + "572914f46aef051400154a47": " China at the invitation of President Xi Jinping", + "572914f46aef051400154a48": " Xi Jinping", + "572914f46aef051400154a49": " China", + "572915621d0469140077902f": " peacekeeping missions", + "572915621d04691400779030": " a commission of inquiry, the Waki Commission", + "572915621d04691400779031": " violations", + "572915e43f37b31900478005": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces", + "572915e43f37b31900478006": " less subject to public scrutiny", + "572915e43f37b31900478007": " Armoured Personnel Carriers", + "572915e43f37b31900478008": " Armoured Personnel Carriers", + "572916f16aef051400154a56": " Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.519", + "572916f16aef051400154a57": " Kenya is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa, and has an affluent urban minority", + "572916f16aef051400154a58": " $1.25 a day", + "572916f16aef051400154a59": " frontier market", + "572917743f37b3190047800d": " service sector", + "572917743f37b3190047800f": "East and Central Africa's biggest economy has posted tremendous growth in the service sector", + "572917743f37b31900478010": " Industry", + "572917743f37b3190047800e": " 62% of GDP. 22%", + "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": " 61%", + "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": " tourism", + "572917ff6aef051400154a60": " 61%", + "572917ff6aef051400154a62": " coastal beaches and the game reserves, notably, the expansive East and West Tsavo National Park", + "572917ff6aef051400154a61": " Germany and the United Kingdom", + "572918bd3f37b31900478016": " service sector. In 2005 agriculture, including forestry and fishing, accounted for 24%", + "572918bd3f37b31900478017": " horticultural produce, and coffee", + "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "Agriculture", + "572918bd3f37b31900478018": " service sector", + "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute", + "57291a7b1d04691400779040": " local seed production", + "57291a7b1d04691400779041": " local seed production", + "57291a7b1d04691400779042": " 20\u201325%", + "57291a7b1d04691400779043": " local producer prices by 20\u201325%", + "57291b461d04691400779049": "Tea, coffee", + "57291b461d0469140077904a": " Livestock predominates in the semi-arid savanna to the north and east. Coconuts", + "57291b461d0469140077904b": " the semi-arid savanna to the north and east. Coconuts", + "57291b461d0469140077904c": " Poor roads", + "57291b461d0469140077904d": " Kenyans for Kenya initiative by the Red Cross", + "57291beb1d04691400779053": " Kenya", + "57291beb1d04691400779054": " 14%", + "57291beb1d04691400779055": " Kisumu", + "57291beb1d04691400779056": " manufacturing", + "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the US Government's African Growth and Opportunity Act", + "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": " 2000", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": " hydroelectric stations", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": " Turkwel Gorge Dam in the west", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": " Kenya Power Company", + "57291f153f37b31900478043": " Turkana", + "57291f153f37b31900478044": " 10 billion", + "57291f153f37b31900478045": " Turkana and the commercial viability was just discovered. Tullow Oil estimates Kenya's oil reserves to be around 10 billion", + "57291f153f37b31900478046": " 20%", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": " $474 million", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": " $474 million", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": " China", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": " 25,000 tonnes of ilmenite", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": " $2.5 billion railway from the southern Kenyan port of Mombasa to neighboring Uganda", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": " Climate & Development Knowledge Network", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": " Climate & Development Knowledge Network", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": " Medium Term Plan that will be launched in the coming months", + "57292046af94a219006aa0be": " Climate & Development Knowledge Network", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": " economy-wide issue", + "572920d73f37b31900478055": " agriculture", + "572920d73f37b31900478056": " 30% of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution", + "572920d73f37b31900478057": "Child labour", + "572920d73f37b31900478058": " poverty", + "572921646aef051400154a78": "Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili", + "572921646aef051400154a79": " English and Swahili", + "572921646aef051400154a7a": "Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili", + "572921646aef051400154a7b": " Kenyan English", + "572922206aef051400154a8a": " Orthodox", + "572922206aef051400154a8b": "83%), with 47.7% regarding themselves as Protestant and 23.5% as Roman Catholic of the Latin Rite. The Presbyterian Church", + "572922206aef051400154a8c": " 3 million", + "572922206aef051400154a8d": " capital, Nairobi", + "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": " 2.4", + "57292449af94a219006aa0de": " 50% of the total population there. Roughly 4%", + "57292449af94a219006aa0df": " Christian", + "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": " 300,000", + "572924b53f37b31900478067": " 80% of the population who visit dispensaries", + "572924b53f37b31900478068": " 80% of the population who visit dispensaries", + "572924b53f37b31900478069": " 65,000 qualified nurses registered in the country; 8,600", + "572924b53f37b3190047806a": " 65,000 qualified nurses registered in the country; 8,600 clinical officers and 7,000 doctors for the population of 43 million", + "572925491d046914007790c3": " about 6.3%", + "572925491d046914007790c4": " 6.3%", + "572925491d046914007790c5": " about 6.3%", + "572925491d046914007790c6": " about 6.3%", + "572925491d046914007790c7": " 6.3%", + "572925a81d046914007790cd": "Kenya's first system of education was introduced by British colonists", + "572925a81d046914007790ce": "Kenya's first system of education was introduced by British colonists. After Kenya's independence on 12 December 1963", + "572925a81d046914007790cf": " identity and unity, which were critical issues at the time. Changes in the subject content of history and geography were made to reflect national cohesion", + "572925a81d046914007790d0": " identity and unity", + "572925a81d046914007790d1": " Ominde Commission", + "572926086aef051400154ac2": " 7\u20134\u20132\u20133 system be changed to an 8\u20134\u20134 system", + "572926086aef051400154ac3": " 7\u20134\u20132\u20133 system be changed to an 8\u20134\u20134 system", + "572926086aef051400154ac4": " 7\u20134\u20132\u20133 system be changed to an 8\u20134\u20134 system", + "572926086aef051400154ac5": " graduated from Kenyan Universities in 1992", + "572926653f37b31900478079": " vocational subjects", + "572926653f37b3190047807a": " vocational subjects", + "572926653f37b3190047807b": " 8", + "572926653f37b3190047807c": " about 70%.", + "572926653f37b3190047807d": " about 70%.", + "572926d23f37b31900478083": " 12 years", + "572926d23f37b31900478084": " six", + "572926d23f37b31900478085": " diploma", + "572926d23f37b31900478086": " university and study for four years. Graduates from the polytechnics and colleges can then join the workforce and later obtain a specialised higher diploma", + "5729276c1d046914007790d7": " 85%", + "5729276c1d046914007790d8": " 85% of the whole population. Preschool, which targets children from age three to five", + "5729276c1d046914007790d9": " 85%", + "5729276c1d046914007790da": " 85%", + "5729276c1d046914007790db": " the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education", + "572927d06aef051400154ade": " Kenya National Library Service", + "572927d06aef051400154adf": " Kenya National Library Service", + "572927d06aef051400154ae0": " peoples university", + "572927d06aef051400154ae1": " university", + "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": " several sports, among them cricket", + "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "Kenya", + "5729281baf94a219006aa121": " middle-distance and long-distance athletics", + "5729281baf94a219006aa122": " Morocco and Ethiopia", + "572928bf6aef051400154af0": " six", + "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics", + "572928bf6aef051400154af2": " Samuel Wanjiru", + "572928bf6aef051400154af3": " the defection of a number of Kenyan athletes to represent other countries", + "572928bf6aef051400154af4": " economic or financial factors", + "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": "Kenya has been a dominant force in women's volleyball", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": " Cricket", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": " Lucas Onyango", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": " Rakep Patel", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": " March 2007", + "57292994af94a219006aa131": " Carlos Sainz and Colin McRae", + "57292994af94a219006aa132": " Colin McRae", + "57292994af94a219006aa133": " Carlos Sainz and Colin McRae", + "572929d56aef051400154b0a": " three", + "572929d56aef051400154b0b": " three", + "572929d56aef051400154b0c": " three meals", + "572929d56aef051400154b0d": " three meals", + "57293b843f37b31900478133": " Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC", + "57293b843f37b31900478134": " World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme", + "57293b843f37b31900478135": " Resolution 43/53", + "57293b843f37b31900478136": " Resolution 43/53", + "57293b843f37b31900478137": " 43/53", + "57293bc91d0469140077919b": " Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "orean economist", + "57293bc91d0469140077919d": " Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919f": " February 2015", + "57293c246aef051400154bb8": " 322 persons in attendance at Sessions with about seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations", + "57293c246aef051400154bb9": " 350 government officials", + "57293c246aef051400154bba": " 322 persons in attendance at Sessions with about seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations", + "57293c246aef051400154bbb": " 322 persons in attendance at Sessions with about seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": " United Nations Environment Programme", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": " IPCC Members", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": " Trust Fund", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": " Trust Fund", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": " Trust Fund", + "57293d116aef051400154bc8": " research nor does it monitor climate related data", + "57293d116aef051400154bc9": " research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change based on published sources", + "57293d116aef051400154bca": " Each subsequent IPCC report notes areas where the science has improved since the previous report", + "57293d116aef051400154bcb": " model results, reports from government agencies and non-governmental organizations, and industry journals", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": " two \"coordinating lead authors\", ten to fifteen", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": " two", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": " two", + "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": " other authors, ensuring that they meet stylistic and formatting requirements, and reporting to the Working Group", + "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": " the Working Group", + "57293e221d046914007791d5": " increasing", + "57293e221d046914007791d6": " the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface", + "57293e221d046914007791d7": " additional warming of the Earth's surface", + "57293e221d046914007791d8": " the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface", + "57293e221d046914007791d9": " about 0.3 \u00b0C per decade", + "57293e983f37b3190047818b": " the Australian Academy of Science, the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts", + "57293e983f37b3190047818c": " 16", + "57293e983f37b3190047818d": " Science", + "57293e983f37b3190047818e": " between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C above 1990 levels by 2100", + "57293e983f37b3190047818f": " between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C above 1990 levels by 2100", + "57293f353f37b3190047819b": " John Houghton", + "57293f353f37b3190047819c": " John Houghton", + "57293f353f37b3190047819d": " John Houghton", + "57293f353f37b3190047819e": " Richard Lindzen", + "57293f353f37b3190047819f": " Richard Lindzen", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": " two IPCC Special Report were finalized, the Special Report on Renewable Energy", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": " the Special Report on Managing Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": " Renewable Energy Sources", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": " two IPCC Special Report were finalized, the Special Report on Renewable Energy", + "572940246aef051400154bec": " Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", + "572940246aef051400154bed": " Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, required under the UNFCCC. This involves publishing default emission factors", + "572940246aef051400154bee": " fuel consumption", + "572940246aef051400154bef": " WMO Executive Council", + "572940973f37b319004781a5": " 2035", + "572940973f37b319004781a6": " 2035", + "572940973f37b319004781a7": " 2035", + "572940973f37b319004781a8": " 2035", + "572941273f37b319004781ad": " Martin Parry", + "572941273f37b319004781ae": " Martin Parry", + "572941273f37b319004781af": " chairman Robert Watson", + "572941273f37b319004781b0": " Martin Parry", + "572941273f37b319004781b1": " Martin Parry", + "57294209af94a219006aa201": " Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes", + "57294209af94a219006aa202": " Michael E. Mann", + "57294209af94a219006aa203": " Michael E. Mann", + "57294209af94a219006aa204": " Jones et al. 1998", + "57294279af94a219006aa209": " MBH99", + "57294279af94a219006aa20a": " John Lawrence", + "57294279af94a219006aa20b": " Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project held a press event on Capitol Hill", + "57294279af94a219006aa20c": " John Lawrence Daly", + "57294279af94a219006aa20d": " John Lawrence", + "572943ab1d04691400779219": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921a": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921b": " 23 June", + "572943ab1d0469140077921c": " Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921d": " intimidating scientists", + "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "AR4) published in 2007", + "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "AR4) published in 2007", + "572944e03f37b319004781e4": " Ten", + "572944e03f37b319004781e5": " additional data and covered a wider area, using a variety of statistical methods. The section discussed the divergence problem", + "572944e03f37b319004781e3": " Ten", + "572945b11d0469140077922f": " 1 February 2007", + "572945b11d04691400779230": " 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", + "572945b11d04691400779231": " rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report in 2001. The study compared IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", + "572945b11d04691400779232": " rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report in 2001. The study compared IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", + "572949306aef051400154c68": " a study on projected rises in sea levels", + "572949306aef051400154c69": " 9\u201388 cm as projected by the IPCC itself in its Third Assessment Report, published in 2001", + "572949306aef051400154c6a": " 0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm] above 1990 levels", + "572949306aef051400154c6b": " in 2001", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": " dissenting or minority positions", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Michael Oppenheimer", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": " broader exploration of uncertainties. Others see as well mixed blessings of the drive for consensus within the IPCC process and ask to include dissenting or minority positions", + "57294e6b1d04691400779275": " environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming). In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol", + "57294e6b1d04691400779276": " environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming). In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol", + "57294e6b1d04691400779277": " broad science consensus while states and governments still follow different, if not opposing goals", + "5729506d6aef051400154cac": " public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer", + "5729506d6aef051400154cad": " public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer", + "5729506d6aef051400154cae": " public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer", + "5729506d6aef051400154caf": " UK government", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": " other scientific bodies", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": " release", + "5729517d6aef051400154cca": " science. However, there has generally been a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence from one assessment report to the next", + "572951f16aef051400154cce": " five", + "572951f16aef051400154ccf": " five climate scientists \u2013 all contributing or lead IPCC report authors", + "572951f16aef051400154cd0": " five climate scientists \u2013 all contributing or lead IPCC report authors", + "572951f16aef051400154cd1": " a range of new organizational options", + "572953013f37b3190047824d": " a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis", + "572953013f37b3190047824e": " carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis", + "572953013f37b3190047824f": " carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle. Chloroplasts carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis", + "572953013f37b31900478250": " carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle", + "572953013f37b31900478251": " 100", + "5729544c3f37b31900478257": " photosynthetic cyanobacterium", + "5729544c3f37b31900478258": " environmental factors", + "5729544c3f37b31900478259": " contain their own DNA, which is thought to be inherited from their ancestor\u2014a photosynthetic cyanobacterium", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": " photosynthetic cyanobacterium", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": " photosynthetic cyanobacterium", + "572956c86aef051400154d1a": " plants and algae", + "572956c86aef051400154d1b": " plants and algae", + "572956c86aef051400154d1c": " plants and algae", + "572956c86aef051400154d1d": " plants and algae", + "572956c86aef051400154d1e": " plants and algae", + "572957361d046914007792cf": " thylakoids", + "572957361d046914007792d0": " chloroplasts. They are sometimes called blue-green algae", + "572957361d046914007792d2": " two cell membranes", + "572957361d046914007792d3": " two cell membranes. Like chloroplasts, they have thylakoids", + "572957361d046914007792d1": " chloroplasts. They are sometimes called blue-green algae", + "572957ad1d046914007792d9": " billion years ago, a free-living cyanobacterium entered an early eukaryotic cell", + "572957ad1d046914007792da": " around a billion years ago", + "572957ad1d046914007792db": " billion", + "572957ad1d046914007792dc": " cyanobacterium", + "572957ad1d046914007792dd": " genes were lost or transferred to the nucleus", + "5729582b1d046914007792e3": " one of three chloroplast lineages", + "5729582b1d046914007792e4": " one of three chloroplast lineages\u2014the glaucophyte chloroplast lineage", + "5729582b1d046914007792e5": " one of three chloroplast lineages\u2014the glaucophyte chloroplast lineage", + "5729582b1d046914007792e6": " one of three chloroplast lineages\u2014the glaucophyte chloroplast lineage", + "5729582b1d046914007792e7": " one of three chloroplast lineages\u2014the glaucophyte chloroplast lineage", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": " 13 species, and is thought to be the one that branched off the earliest. Glaucophytes have chloroplasts", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": " chloroplast", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": " 13 species, and is thought to be the one that branched off the earliest. Glaucophytes have chloroplasts", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": " carboxysome", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": " Cyanophora, a glaucophyte, is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast", + "57295a116aef051400154d44": " starch called floride", + "57295a116aef051400154d45": " a double membrane with an intermembrane space and phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes", + "57295a116aef051400154d46": " starch called floride", + "57295a116aef051400154d47": " starch called floride", + "57295a116aef051400154d48": " starch", + "57295b5b1d04691400779315": " glaucophyte and red algal chloroplasts in that they have lost their phycobilisomes", + "57295b5b1d04691400779316": " accessory pigments", + "57295b5b1d04691400779317": " green chloroplasts", + "57295b5b1d04691400779318": " division", + "57295b5b1d04691400779319": " green algae and land plants", + "572961f61d04691400779359": " three or four membranes", + "572961f61d0469140077935a": " three or four membranes", + "572961f61d0469140077935b": " a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote", + "572961f61d0469140077935c": " three or four membranes", + "572961f61d0469140077935d": " three or four membranes", + "572962953f37b319004782f5": " three membranes", + "572962953f37b319004782f6": " chloroplasts", + "572962953f37b319004782f7": " three", + "572962953f37b319004782f8": " three membranes", + "572962953f37b319004782f9": " three membranes", + "572963221d04691400779385": " four membranes", + "572963221d04691400779386": " four membranes", + "572963221d04691400779387": " four membranes", + "572963221d04691400779388": " four membranes", + "572963221d04691400779389": " two", + "572963876aef051400154dd2": " Cryptosporidium", + "572963876aef051400154dd3": " another group of chromalveolates", + "572963876aef051400154dd4": " the malaria parasite", + "572963876aef051400154dd5": " green algae rather than chromalveolates", + "572963876aef051400154dd6": " vestigial red algal derived chloroplast", + "5729645b3f37b31900478321": " acids", + "5729645b3f37b31900478322": " cure apicomplexan-related diseases. The most important apicoplast function is isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthesis", + "5729645b3f37b31900478323": " photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", + "5729645b3f37b31900478324": " photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", + "5729645b3f37b31900478325": " four membranes", + "572965566aef051400154e00": " carotenoid pigment peridinin in their chloroplasts, along with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c", + "572965566aef051400154e01": " other group", + "572965566aef051400154e02": " carotenoid pigment peridinin in their chloroplasts, along with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c", + "572965566aef051400154e03": " carotenoid pigment peridinin in their chloroplasts, along with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c", + "572965e73f37b3190047832b": " Karenia", + "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "anthin dinophyte", + "572965e73f37b3190047832d": " four membranes", + "572965e73f37b3190047832e": " a six membraned chloroplast", + "572966626aef051400154e13": " a phycobilin-containing chloroplast", + "572966626aef051400154e14": " a kleptoplast", + "572966626aef051400154e12": " a kleptoplast", + "572966626aef051400154e15": " two-membraned chloroplast", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": " chloroplast", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": " five membranes", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": " five membranes", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": " five membranes", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": " chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b1": " the dinophyte nucleus", + "572967e31d046914007793b2": " green algal derived chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b3": " dinophytes", + "572967e31d046914007793b4": " a green algal derived chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b5": "Lepidodinium viride", + "5729686d1d046914007793c1": " endosymbiotic events, Paulinella chromatophora", + "5729686d1d046914007793c2": " two sausage shaped blue-green photosynthesizing structures called chromatophores", + "5729686d1d046914007793c3": " million base pairs long", + "5729686d1d046914007793c4": " million base pairs long", + "5729686d1d046914007793c5": " million base pairs long", + "572968cf1d046914007793cb": " ctDNA", + "572968cf1d046914007793cc": " ctDNA, or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome", + "572968cf1d046914007793cd": " two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast", + "572968cf1d046914007793ce": " two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast", + "572968cf1d046914007793cf": " two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast", + "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": " few mutations. Similar inverted repeats exist in the genomes of cyanobacteria", + "57296977af94a219006aa3be": " cyanobacteria", + "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": " land plants, and accumulate few mutations. Similar inverted repeats exist in the genomes of cyanobacteria", + "572969f51d046914007793dd": " a double displacement loop", + "572969f51d046914007793de": " daughter cpDNA chromosomes", + "572969f51d046914007793e0": " a rolling circle mechanism", + "572969f51d046914007793df": " daughter cpDNA chromosomes", + "572969f51d046914007793e1": " a rolling circle", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": " linear", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": " A \u2192 G deamination gradients", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": " linear and replicates through homologous recombination", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": " linear and replicates through homologous recombination", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": " linear and replicates through homologous recombination. It further contends that only a minority of the genetic material is kept in circular chromosomes", + "57296ab93f37b31900478369": " T4", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": " linear", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": " linear", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": " a D loop mechanism", + "57296b151d046914007793f1": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages", + "57296b151d046914007793f2": " lost chloroplast's existence", + "57296b151d046914007793f3": " red chloroplast", + "57296b151d046914007793f4": " red chloroplast", + "57296bf96aef051400154e52": " Some transferred chloroplast DNA protein products get directed to the secretory pathway", + "57296bf96aef051400154e53": " around half of the protein products of transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast", + "57296bf96aef051400154e54": " the secretory pathway", + "57296bf96aef051400154e55": " cell membrane", + "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": " ribosome", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "peptide is synthesized on a ribosome in the cytosol, an enzyme specific to chloroplast proteins", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": " phosphate group", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": " folding prematurely", + "57296cb21d04691400779403": " 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter", + "57296cb21d04691400779404": " 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter", + "57296cb21d04691400779405": " 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter", + "57296cb21d04691400779406": " each cell", + "57296cb21d04691400779407": " lens-shaped", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": " some common misconceptions about the outer and inner chloroplast membranes. The fact that chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": " the host's cell membrane infolding to form a vesicle", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": " vesicle", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": " internal thylakoid system", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": " internal thylakoid system", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": " internal thylakoid system", + "57296d8d1d04691400779420": " internal thylakoid system", + "57296d8d1d04691400779421": " internal thylakoid system", + "57296de03f37b3190047839b": " chromoplasts and amyloplasts", + "57296de03f37b3190047839c": " chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma", + "57296de03f37b3190047839d": " chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma", + "57296de03f37b3190047839e": " 1962", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": " C4 plants", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": " C4 plants", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": " vesicles", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": " maze of membranous tubes and vesicles continuous with the inner chloroplast membrane", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": " stuff between the thylakoids", + "57296eb01d04691400779435": " a small fraction of their proteins", + "57296eb01d04691400779436": " two-thirds", + "57296eb01d04691400779437": " Small subunit ribosomal RNAs", + "57296eb01d04691400779438": " Small subunit ribosomal RNAs in several Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts lack motifs", + "57296eb01d04691400779439": " translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": " spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": " chloroplasts", + "57296eee6aef051400154e90": " spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins", + "57296eee6aef051400154e91": " 45\u201360 nanometers", + "57296eee6aef051400154e92": " chloroplasts", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": " a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": " the thylakoid network", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": " vast majority of plastoglobuli occur singularly, attached directly to their parent thylakoid", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": " chains", + "57296f85af94a219006aa403": " chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", + "57296f85af94a219006aa404": " spherical", + "57296f85af94a219006aa405": " chloroplasts", + "57296f85af94a219006aa406": " chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", + "57296f85af94a219006aa407": " divide to form new pyrenoids", + "57296fd71d0469140077943f": " helical thylakoid model", + "57296fd71d04691400779440": " helical thylakoid model, grana", + "57296fd71d04691400779441": " 10\u201320", + "57296fd71d04691400779442": " 10\u201320", + "57296fd71d04691400779443": " grana", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": " carotenoids", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": " ATP synthase", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": " photosynthesis. Photosystem II and photosystem I contain light-harvesting complexes with chlorophyll and carotenoids", + "5729703d3f37b319004783be": " hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space, decreasing the pH and turning it acidic. ATP synthase", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": " a large protein complex that harnesses the concentration gradient of the hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy", + "572970916aef051400154eba": " two types of thylakoids\u2014granal thylakoids", + "572970916aef051400154ebb": " photosystem II", + "572970916aef051400154ebc": " grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", + "572970916aef051400154ebe": " photosystem II", + "572970916aef051400154ebd": " photosystem II", + "57297103af94a219006aa423": " \u03b2-carotene", + "57297103af94a219006aa424": " \u03b2-carotene", + "57297103af94a219006aa425": " \u03b2-carotene", + "57297103af94a219006aa426": " bright red-orange", + "57297103af94a219006aa427": " \u03b2-carotene", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": " one", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": " one", + "5729714daf94a219006aa430": " photosystem", + "5729714daf94a219006aa431": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", + "572971af6aef051400154ede": " no sugar being produced. This is a big problem, since O2 is produced by the initial light reactions of photosynthesis", + "572971af6aef051400154edf": " chloroplasts use an enzyme called rubisco. Rubisco has a problem\u2014it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen", + "572971af6aef051400154ee0": " no sugar being produced. This is a big problem, since O2 is produced by the initial light reactions of photosynthesis", + "572971af6aef051400154ee1": " Calvin cycle", + "572971af6aef051400154ee2": " CO2 being released, all with no sugar being produced", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": " photosystem II", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": " photosystem II", + "5729723c6aef051400154eea": " photosystem II", + "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": " four-carbon compound, which is why the process is called C4 photosynthesis", + "5729723c6aef051400154eec": " each stage of photosynthesis", + "5729729a1d0469140077948b": " photosynthetic parts of a plant green. The plant cells which contain chloroplasts are usually parenchyma cells", + "5729729a1d0469140077948c": " photosynthetic parts of a plant green. The plant cells which contain chloroplasts are usually parenchyma cells", + "5729729a1d0469140077948d": " parenchyma cells", + "5729729a1d0469140077948e": " collenchyma", + "5729729a1d0469140077948f": " about 10 to 100 chloroplasts", + "572972f46aef051400154ef2": " mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade", + "572972f46aef051400154ef3": " mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade", + "572972f46aef051400154ef6": " mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade", + "572972f46aef051400154ef4": " One square millimeter of leaf tissue can contain half a million", + "572972f46aef051400154ef5": " mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": " land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones. Chloroplast movement", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": " movement", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": " movement", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": " many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones", + "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": " movement", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", + "57297427af94a219006aa453": " unstable molecules, so they probably don't leave the chloroplast, but instead pass on their signal to an unknown second messenger", + "57297427af94a219006aa454": " unknown second messenger", + "57297427af94a219006aa455": " unstable molecules, so they probably don't leave the chloroplast, but instead pass on their signal to an unknown second messenger", + "57297427af94a219006aa456": "als from the chloroplast", + "572974923f37b3190047840b": " Water", + "572974923f37b3190047840c": " Water", + "572974923f37b3190047840d": " Water", + "572974923f37b3190047840e": " Water", + "572974923f37b3190047840f": " Water", + "572975073f37b31900478415": " hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP", + "572975073f37b31900478416": " ions", + "572975073f37b31900478417": " diffuse back down their concentration gradient, flowing back out into the stroma", + "572975073f37b31900478418": " the flowing hydrogen ions to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate", + "572975073f37b31900478419": " hydrogen ion gradient", + "572975511d046914007794a7": " photosystem II photolyzes water to obtain and energize new electrons, photosystem I simply reenergizes depleted electrons", + "572975511d046914007794a8": " photosystem II", + "572975511d046914007794a9": " plants", + "572975511d046914007794aa": " ATP than NADPH", + "572975a3af94a219006aa465": " Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2", + "572975a3af94a219006aa466": " dark reactions", + "572975a3af94a219006aa467": " three-carbon molecules called 3-phosphoglyceric acid", + "572975a3af94a219006aa468": " end product", + "572976183f37b31900478431": " Waterlogged", + "572976183f37b31900478432": " Waterlogged", + "572976183f37b31900478433": " Water", + "572976183f37b31900478434": " Waterlogged roots can also cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts", + "572976183f37b31900478435": " another photosynthesis", + "572976791d046914007794af": " O2 instead of CO2", + "572976791d046914007794b0": " no sugar", + "572976791d046914007794b1": " no sugar", + "572976791d046914007794b2": " no sugar. It can waste up to half", + "572976791d046914007794b3": " a distinct chloroplast dimorphism", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": " sulfur-containing ones like cysteine and methionine", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": " sulfur-containing ones like cysteine and methionine", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": " methionine", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": " sulfur-containing ones like cysteine", + "57297725af94a219006aa49b": " All chloroplasts in a plant are descended from undifferentiated proplastids", + "57297725af94a219006aa49c": " undifferentiated proplastids", + "57297725af94a219006aa49d": " adult plant's apical meristems", + "57297725af94a219006aa49e": " starch-storing amyloplasts", + "5729779b6aef051400154f62": " proplastids may develop into an etioplast stage before becoming chloroplasts", + "5729779b6aef051400154f63": " Gymnosperms", + "5729779b6aef051400154f64": " inner membrane invaginations", + "5729779b6aef051400154f65": " Gymnosperms", + "5729779b6aef051400154f66": " angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation, proplastids may develop into an etioplast", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": " pigment-filled plastids", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": " pigment-filled plastids", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": " chloroplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "asts. Chromoplasts and amyloplasts can also become chloroplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "asts. Chromoplasts and amyloplasts can also become chloroplasts", + "5729784b1d046914007794c9": " a Z-ring", + "5729784b1d046914007794ca": " Z-ring", + "5729784b1d046914007794cb": " a Z-ring", + "5729784b1d046914007794cc": " chloroplast's stroma", + "5729784b1d046914007794cd": " chloroplast's stroma", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": " third plastid-dividing ring located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": " third plastid-dividing ring located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": " 5 nanometers across", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": " 5 nanometers across", + "5729789b6aef051400154f70": " third plastid-dividing ring located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space", + "572978e66aef051400154f76": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division", + "572978e66aef051400154f78": " Spinach", + "572978e66aef051400154f79": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division", + "572978e66aef051400154f77": " Spinach", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": " tobacco plants are promising, showing a failed containment rate of transplastomic plants at 3 in 1,000", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": " lower environmental risks", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": " 3 in 1,000", + "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": " chloroplasts", + "57296d571d04691400779413": " no positive divisors", + "57296d571d04691400779414": " no positive divisors", + "57296d571d04691400779415": " any integer greater than 1 can be expressed as a product of primes", + "57296d571d04691400779416": " no positive divisors", + "57296d571d04691400779417": " 1", + "57296f293f37b319004783a3": " primality", + "57296f293f37b319004783a4": " trial division", + "57296f293f37b319004783a5": " trial division", + "57296f293f37b319004783a6": " trial division", + "57296f293f37b319004783a7": " 22,338", + "572970c11d04691400779463": " infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300", + "572970c11d04691400779464": " infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC", + "572970c11d04691400779465": " large, can be modelled. The first result in that direction is the prime number theorem", + "572970c11d04691400779466": " digits", + "572970c11d04691400779467": " the probability that a given, randomly chosen number n is prime is inversely proportional to its number of digits", + "5729727baf94a219006aa437": " generalizations", + "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "Many questions regarding prime numbers", + "5729727baf94a219006aa439": " algebra", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": " public-key cryptography, which makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": " algebra, such as prime elements and prime ideals", + "572973f76aef051400154f0a": " 6 is not prime. The image at the right illustrates that 12 is not prime: 12 = 3", + "572973f76aef051400154f0b": " 6", + "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "Hence, 6 is not prime. The image at the right illustrates that 12 is not prime: 12 = 3", + "572973f76aef051400154f0d": " 6 is not prime. The image at the right illustrates that 12 is not prime: 12 = 3", + "572973f76aef051400154f0e": " 6 is not prime. The image at the right illustrates that 12 is not prime: 12 = 3", + "57297547af94a219006aa45b": " 1", + "57297547af94a219006aa45c": " Christian Goldbach listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler", + "57297547af94a219006aa45d": " Christian Goldbach listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler", + "57297547af94a219006aa45e": " 10,006", + "57297547af94a219006aa45f": " category", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": " 15", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": " modified version of the sieve that considers 1 as prime would eliminate all multiples", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": " several properties that the number 1 lacks", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": " several properties that the number 1 lacks", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": " 3 \u00b7 5 and 1 \u00b7 3 \u00b7 5; if 1 were admitted as a prime, these two presentations would be considered different factorizations", + "572978f91d046914007794d3": " expansions", + "572978f91d046914007794d4": " Euclid", + "572978f91d046914007794d5": " Euclid's Elements", + "572978f91d046914007794d6": " Mersenne prime. The Sieve of Eratosthenes", + "572978f91d046914007794d7": " a simple method to compute primes", + "57297a276aef051400154f88": " 1640", + "57297a276aef051400154f89": " Euler", + "57297a276aef051400154f8a": " 22n + 1", + "57297a276aef051400154f8c": " 2p", + "57297a276aef051400154f8b": " 22n + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified this up to n = 4", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": " trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": " three", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": " trial division. This routine consists of dividing n by each integer m that is greater than 1", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": " three", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": " each integer m that is greater than 1", + "57297d421d046914007794e5": " two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic", + "57297d421d046914007794e6": " two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic", + "57297d421d046914007794e7": " two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic", + "57297d421d046914007794e8": " two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic", + "57297d421d046914007794e9": " two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic", + "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": " Fermat primality", + "57297ed93f37b31900478460": " the fact (Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", + "57297ed93f37b31900478461": " composite numbers", + "57297ed93f37b31900478462": " Baillie-PSW", + "57297ed93f37b31900478463": " Baillie-PSW", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": " 2p", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": " 2", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": " Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": " factorial", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": " factorial", + "572982e66aef051400154f92": " 10 million", + "572982e66aef051400154f93": " 2009", + "572982e66aef051400154f94": " Electronic Frontier Foundation", + "572982e66aef051400154f95": " 1 billion", + "572982e76aef051400154f96": " no simple formula", + "572985011d04691400779501": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2", + "572985011d04691400779502": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2", + "572985011d04691400779503": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2", + "572985011d04691400779504": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2", + "572985011d04691400779505": " many times", + "572987e46aef051400154fa2": " greatest common divisor", + "572987e46aef051400154fa3": " greatest common divisor", + "572987e46aef051400154fa4": " 1/6", + "572987e46aef051400154fa5": " many primes only when a and q are coprime, i.e., their greatest common divisor", + "572987e46aef051400154fa6": " many primes only when a and q are coprime, i.e., their greatest common divisor", + "572989846aef051400154fc0": " zeta function", + "572989846aef051400154fc1": " prime numbers", + "572989846aef051400154fc2": ".e., exceeds any given number), so there must be infinitely many primes", + "572989846aef051400154fc3": " 1 + 1/2", + "572989846aef051400154fc4": " zeta function", + "57298ef11d0469140077952d": " 1859", + "57298ef11d0469140077952e": " 1859", + "57298ef11d0469140077952f": " random noise", + "57298ef11d04691400779530": " simplest assumption is that primes should have no significant irregularities", + "57298ef11d04691400779531": " R", + "57299021af94a219006aa50c": " Chen's theorem says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime", + "57299021af94a219006aa50b": " Goldbach", + "57299021af94a219006aa50d": " n = 2", + "57299021af94a219006aa50e": " Chen's theorem says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime", + "57299021af94a219006aa50f": " two", + "572991943f37b319004784a1": " third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs", + "572991943f37b319004784a2": " third", + "572991943f37b319004784a3": " n2", + "572991943f37b319004784a4": " n2 + 1. These conjectures are special cases of the broad Schinzel's hypothesis H. Brocard", + "572991943f37b319004784a5": " twin primes", + "57299326af94a219006aa515": " public key cryptography", + "57299326af94a219006aa516": " public key cryptography", + "57299326af94a219006aa517": " creation of public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables", + "57299326af94a219006aa518": " algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables", + "57299326af94a219006aa519": " public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "572995d46aef051400154fe8": " a recurring decimal", + "572995d46aef051400154fe9": " 1/p is always a recurring decimal, whose period is p \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154fea": " 1 is divisible by p. Moreover, an integer n > 4", + "572995d46aef051400154feb": " 1", + "572995d46aef051400154fec": " fraction 1", + "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers", + "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers", + "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers", + "572996c73f37b319004784b6": " modular exponentiation", + "572996c73f37b319004784b7": " 512", + "572998673f37b319004784d5": " Magicicada", + "572998673f37b319004784d6": " Magicicada make use of prime numbers. These insects spend most of their lives as grubs", + "572998673f37b319004784d7": " every 12 years, then predators appearing every 2, 3, 4, 6, or 12 years would be sure to meet them. Over a 200", + "572998673f37b319004784d8": " Magicicada", + "572998673f37b319004784d9": " 2%", + "57299a6f6aef051400155016": " minimality", + "57299a6f6aef051400155017": " smallest subfield of a field F containing both 0 and 1", + "57299a6f6aef051400155019": " a connected sum", + "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": " any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components", + "57299a6f6aef051400155018": " Any knot can be uniquely expressed as a connected sum", + "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "Prime numbers", + "57299c2c6aef051400155021": " algebra", + "57299c2c6aef051400155022": " algebra", + "57299c2c6aef051400155023": " the following requirement", + "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "ucible if it is not a unit and cannot be written as a product", + "57299d1c1d04691400779581": " Gaussian integers", + "57299d1c1d04691400779582": " Gaussian integers", + "57299d1c1d04691400779583": " a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b", + "57299d1c1d04691400779584": " Z[i], that is, the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b", + "57299d1c1d04691400779585": " 4k", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": " ring theory", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": " a prime ideal", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": " ring theory", + "57299ec43f37b31900478510": " every ideal in a Noetherian commutative ring as an intersection", + "57299ec43f37b31900478511": " Noetherian commutative ring as an intersection of primary ideals, which are the appropriate generalizations of prime powers", + "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum", + "5729a03f1d04691400779594": " ramification", + "5729a03f1d04691400779595": " algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring", + "5729a03f1d04691400779596": " a statement that concerns the solvability of quadratic equations", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": " smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": " the completed (or local) fields", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": " the absolute value yields the field of real numbers, completing with respect to the p-adic", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": " the importance of primes to number theory", + "5729a3716aef05140015506a": " Olivier Messiaen used prime numbers to create ametrical music through \"natural phenomena", + "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "Prime numbers", + "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "Prime numbers", + "5729a3716aef05140015506d": " third \u00e9tude", + "5729a3716aef05140015506e": " movements of nature", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": " Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": " Netherlands. The biggest city on the river Rhine is Cologne", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": " 1,050", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": " North Sea in the Netherlands. The biggest city on the river Rhine is Cologne", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": " 1,050", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": " 1,050", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": " North Sea in the Netherlands. The biggest city on the river Rhine is Cologne", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": " 1,050", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": " R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": " Lake Constance", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": " Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively; it was cited as 1,232", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": " Lake Constance", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": " Lake Constance", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": " Lake Constance", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": " Lake Constance", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": " Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine is more difficult to measure objectively; it was cited as 1,232", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": " Lake Constance", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": " Lake Constance", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": " Lake Constance", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": " Tamins-Reichenau", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": " 86 km long", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": " the Rhine Valley", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": " a few metres high", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": " Tamins-Reichenau", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": " Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": " 86", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": " 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": " Tamins-Reichenau", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": " West and Liechtenstein", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": " two arms", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": " Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": " Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": " the singular is pronounced \"Isel\"", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": " two arms", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": " two arms", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": " Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": " Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": " two arms", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": " two arms", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": " upper canal near Diepoldsau", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": " upper canal near Diepoldsau", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": " western Rhine Delta", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": " western Rhine Delta", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "ilt", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": " upper canal near Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": " upper canal near Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": " near Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": " western Rhine Delta", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": " the lake. This has already happened to the former Lake Tuggenersee", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": " Obersee", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": " three bodies of water: the Obersee (\"upper lake\"), the Untersee (\"lower lake\"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": " Seer", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": " Swiss-Austrian border", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": " three bodies of water: the Obersee (\"upper lake\"), the Untersee (\"lower lake\"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": " three bodies of water: the Obersee", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": " Seerhein (\"Lake Rhine\"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": " three bodies of water: the Obersee (\"upper lake\"), the Untersee (\"lower lake\"), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "Lake Constance", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": " three bodies of water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": " greater density of cold water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": " Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": " Upper Lake", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": " northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": " Lindau", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": " Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": " Upper Lake", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": " the Constance hopper", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": " cold, gray mountain water", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": " cold, gray", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": " westward", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": " Aare", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": " 1,000 m3", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": " Lake Constance", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": " Aare", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": " westward", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": " Aare", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": " 1,000 m3", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": " Lake Constance", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": " the exceptions of the canton of Schaffhausen", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": " Basel", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": " High Rhine ends. Legally, the Central Bridge", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": " Central Bridge", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": " 300 km long", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": " 300 km long and up to 40 km wide", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": " Basel", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": " North", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": " North", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": " North", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": " Central Bridge", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": " Upper Rhine", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": " Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": " Upper Rhine region", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": " Northeastern", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": " more than 300 m3", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": " Northeastern France", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": " Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via the Moselle", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": " 400 m", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": " Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": " Northeastern France", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": " Northeastern", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": " Northeastern France", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": " Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via the Moselle", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": " Middle Rhine", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": " Middle Rhine", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": " erosion", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": " deep and is the stretch of the river which is known for its many castles and vineyards", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": " Middle Rhine", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": " the Rhine Gorge", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": " castles and vineyards", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": " Bonn", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": " Antwerp and Amsterdam. The Ruhr", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": " Antwerp and Amsterdam", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": " Antwerp and Amsterdam. The Ruhr", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": " Duisburg", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": " the river passes the major cities of Cologne, D\u00fcsseldorf and Duisburg", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": " a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": " Switzerland", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": " Antwerp and Amsterdam. The Ruhr", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": " Antwerp and Amsterdam", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": " Antwerp and Amsterdam. The Ruhr", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": " tourism", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": " R\u00fcdesheim", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": " Lorelei", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": " viniculture and tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": " tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": " R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": " R\u00fcdesheim", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": " Lorelei", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": " Lorelei", + "572f7588947a6a140053c984": " Duisburg", + "572f7588947a6a140053c985": " Lower Rhine", + "572f7588947a6a140053c986": " the Lippe", + "572f7588947a6a140053c987": " Lower Rhine", + "572f7588947a6a140053c988": " Lower Rhine", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": " Duisburg", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": " Lower Rhine", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": " Lower Rhine", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": " Two thirds", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": " Two thirds", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": " Two thirds", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": " farther west", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": " farther west", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": " Two thirds", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": " Two thirds", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": " Panner", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": " Nederrijn", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": " IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": " Noord River", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": " Pannerd", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "ederrijn. The IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": " one ninth", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": " IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": " IJssel and Nederrijn. The IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": " Rijn", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": " Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": " Utrecht", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": " Krom", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": " a sluice", + "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": " Rhine-Meuse", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": " Millingen", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": " Rhine-Meuse", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": " into Waal and Panner", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": " three main flows", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": " southern main branch begins as Waal and continues as Boven Merwede", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "The shape of the Rhine delta", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "the Rip\")", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": " Meuse and Waal merged further upstream at Gorinchem to form Merwede. For flood protection", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": " south of today's line Merwede", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": " Gorinchem", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": " archipelago-like estuary with Waal and Lek", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": " drainage channels", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": " second half of the 20th Century", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": " hydrography", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": " second half of the 20th Century", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": " a tidal delta", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": " Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": " Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": " Zaltbommel", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": " larger Tethys sea", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": " Tethys floor", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": " individual features of Mediterranean geography", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": " between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": " Mesozoic Era", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": " Upper Rhine Graben", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": " Upper Rhine", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": " north", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": " Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": " Pliocene", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": " Vosges Mountains", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": " Vosges Mountains", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": " 2.5 million", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": " 120 m (390 ft)", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": " the Rhine followed a course to the northwest", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": " offshore of Brest, France", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": " 70,000 BP", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": " west through the Netherlands", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": " lower Rhine", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": " lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest, through the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": " 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": " Asia to the Atlantic", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": " 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": " 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": " Valley", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": " 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "aw", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": " vegetation, to open forest, began about 13,000 BP", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": " about 13,000 BP", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": " 13,000 BP", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": " 7500 yr", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": " transgression by the sea", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": " 7500 yr", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": " 1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": " 1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": " (~11,700 years ago", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": " (~8,000 years ago", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": " Late-Glacial valley", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": " Netherlands", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": " ~3000 yr BP", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": " damming of minor distributaries, which took place in the 11\u201313th century AD", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": " 80", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": " North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": " North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": " North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": " Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": " three branches: the River Waal (6/9", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": " Gallia and Germania by definition; e.g. Maurus Servius", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": " Germania", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": " Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": " Gallia and Germania by definition; e.g. Maurus Servius", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": " AD 14 until after AD 70", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": " Danube", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": " Danube", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": " Danube", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": " Danube are easily crossed.", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": " eight", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": " Valeria", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": " Cologne", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": " eight legions in five bases", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": " Cologne", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": " Migration period", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": " Lower Rhine", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": " Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": " Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)", + "57300911947a6a140053cfba": " Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia", + "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": " Holland", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": " Lower Lorraine", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": " Lower Lorraine", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": " Archduke Sigismund of Austria", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": " Archduke Sigismund of Austria", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": " Peace of Westphalia", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": " Middle Ages", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": " Napoleon, as a French client state, in 1806", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": " Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": " French prime minister Adolphe Thiers", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": " 1935", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": " 1930 and the German army re-occupied it in 1936", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": " Versailles", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": " Hitler", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": " 1936", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": " Seven Days to the River", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": " Seven Days to the River", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": " September 1944", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": " Seven Days to the River", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": " Seven Days to the River", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": " 1,230 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": " 1,230 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": " 1,230 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": " 1,230 kilometres", + "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": " 1,230 kilometres", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": " the Scotland Act 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": " the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": " the areas in which it can make laws", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": " the Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": " all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": " home rule", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": " United Kingdom", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "ved due to the outbreak of the First World War", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": " the late 1960s", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": " a directly elected Scottish Assembly to legislate for the majority of domestic Scottish affairs", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": " North Sea", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "SNP) resulted in rising support for Scottish independence", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": " 1974", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": " North Sea and the following \"It's Scotland's oil\" campaign of the Scottish National Party", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": " the United Kingdom Parliament", + "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": " Edinburgh provided that the majority of the Scottish electorate voted for it in a referendum to be held on 1 March 1979", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": " 1 March 1979", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": " 1 March 1979", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": " 1 March 1979", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": " 1 March 1979", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": " Parliament", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": " the Conservative Party", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": " 1989 Scottish Constitutional Convention", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": " a Scottish Parliament", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": " Building", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": " Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": " Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": " Crow-stepped gables and the upturned boat skylights of the Garden Lobby, complete the unique architecture. Queen Elizabeth II", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": " Enric Miralles", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": " meeting of the Church's General Assembly", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": " General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": " General Assembly Hall", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "Whilst the permanent building at Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": " former Strathclyde Regional Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": " General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": " Lothian Regional Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": " General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": " Midlothian County Buildings facing Parliament Square", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": " General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": " MSP to serve as Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker (currently Tricia Marwick), and two MSPs to serve as deputies", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": " Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker (currently Tricia Marwick), and two MSPs to serve as deputies", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": " 129 MSPs", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": " Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker (currently Tricia Marwick), and two MSPs to serve as deputies", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": " Presiding Officer, the equivalent of the speaker (currently Tricia Marwick), and two MSPs to serve as deputies", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": " Presiding Officer is responsible for ensuring that the Parliament functions effectively and has the staff, property and resources it requires", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": " Presiding Officer.", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": " five or more seats in the Parliament", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": " Presiding Officer", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": " Scottish Parliament", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": " Scottish Parliament has seating arranged in a hemicycle", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": " 131", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": " 131", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": " 131 seats in the debating chamber. Of the total 131 seats, 129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": " silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": " silver and inlaid with gold", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": " Queen upon its official opening in July 1999", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": " Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": " glass case", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": " Tuesdays", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": " Wednesday", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": " public", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": " two-week recesses in April and October. Plenary meetings in the debating chamber usually take place on Wednesday", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": " two-week recesses in April and October. Plenary meetings in the debating chamber usually take place on Wednesday", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": " Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection, at which a speaker addresses members for up to four", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": " four", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": " Presiding Officer on the advice of the parliamentary bureau. Faith groups", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": " represent the balance of religious beliefs", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": " nominate speakers", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": " Presiding Officer", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": " speaks in chamber debates", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": " different viewpoints", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": " Presiding Officer", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": " the Gaelic language", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": " 5 pm", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": " unique access card", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": " vote", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": " by means of electronic consoles", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": " seconds", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "rant", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": " \"free votes\", which allows Members to vote as they please", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": " MSPs, known as whips, with the task of ensuring that party members vote according to the party line. MSPs", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "rant members can be deselected as official party candidates", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "rant", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": " The relevant minister", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": " Scottish minister", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": " 45", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": " other members normally contribute to the debate. The relevant minister", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": " \"winds up\" the debate by speaking after all other participants", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": " committee", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": " backbenchers", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": " backbenchers", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": " conduct inquiries", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": " Scotland", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": " MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": " MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": " their functions set out in different ways. Mandatory", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": " MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament. There are different committees with their functions set out in different ways. Mandatory", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": " MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": " Economy, Energy and Tourism", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": " one", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": " Education", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": " the fourth Session", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": " Scottish Parliament", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": " development projects", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": " Private Bill Committees", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": " Private bills normally relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property. Private Bill Committees", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": " Scotland Act 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": " Queen Elizabeth II", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": " 19 November 1998, governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": " Scotland Act 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": " Scotland Act 1998", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": " Schedule", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": " Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": " local government, sport and the arts", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": " 3 pence", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": " control of air guns", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": " Ministerial functions usually lie with UK Government", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": " foreign policy and relations with Europe", + "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": " National Lottery", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": " a member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as a private member; or a private bill can be submitted to Parliament by an outside proposer", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": " ministers", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": " private member; or a private bill can be submitted to Parliament by an outside proposer", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": " outside proposer", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": " ministers", + "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": " committee", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": " the minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament together with its accompanying documents", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": " Presiding Officer", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": " committee", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": " minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": " a final vote", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": " a final vote", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": " the bill", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": " Opposition members can table \"wrecking amendments\"", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": " Decision Time", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": " Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": " Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": " Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": " Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": " Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": " Junior ministers", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": " Junior ministers", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": " the Lord Advocate", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": " Junior ministers", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "1999", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "1999", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": " Monarch on the proposal of the Presiding Officer", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": " Extraordinary general elections are in addition to ordinary general elections, unless held less than six months before the due date of an ordinary general election", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": " one month", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": " First Minister or members of the cabinet can deliver statements to Parliament", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": " Parliament", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": " a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": " the substance", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": " A \"General Question Time\" takes place on a Thursday", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": " Thursday", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": " any member of the Scottish Government", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": " any member of the Scottish Government", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": " any member of the Scottish Government", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": " 129 MSPs, 73", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": " Orkney and Shetland", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": " 129 MSPs, 73", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": " Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles comprise a much smaller number of electors, due to their dispersed population", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": " 55,000", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": " to parties proportionally", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": " d'Hondt method", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": " highest quotient", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": " constituency", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": " iteratively until all available list seats are allocated", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": " a number of qualifications", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": " MSP. Such qualifications were introduced under the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": " over the age of 18 and must be a citizen of the United Kingdom", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": " civil servants and members of foreign legislatures", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": " civil servants and members of foreign legislatures are disqualified. An individual may not sit in the Scottish Parliament if he or she is judged to be insane", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": " the first time in the Scottish Parliament", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": " Labour", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": " 151 votes", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": " 16 seats from Labour", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": " sufficient support in the Scottish Parliament to hold a referendum on Scottish independence", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": " David McLetchie", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": " SNP", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": " five seats", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": " Annabel Goldie", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": " Union", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": " vote on domestic legislation that applies only to England", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": " domestic legislation", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": " West Lothian question", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": " West Lothian question", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "veto\" over laws only affecting England", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": " moral conservatism", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": " government", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": " Political Islam", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": " a strategy of Islamization", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": " revolution or invasion", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "erate and reformist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": " military coup d'\u00e9tat in past. The Islamist groups like Hezbollah", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": " armed attacks, seeking to abolish the state of Israel. Radical Islamist organizations like al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "Qaeda", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "Qaeda", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "guardians of the tradition\"", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": " a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "isation of pan-Arabism was eclipsed by the Salafi movement", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": " democracy in much of the Arab Muslim world", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": " legitimacy", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": " a controversial concept not just because it posits a political role", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": " Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": " a political ideology", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "iberal Islamic regimes, to the detriment of progressive moderates who seek to separate religion from politics", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": " religion from politics", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": " a writer", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": " the Iranian Islamic Revolution", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": " a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": " between 1945 and 1970", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": " International Crisis Group maintains that \"the conception of 'political Islam'\" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": " dangerous enemies", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": " dangerous enemies", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": " ideology, and weapons", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": " the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": " dangerous enemies", + "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": " ideology, and weapons", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": " Anwar Sadat", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "Egyptian President Anwar Sadat", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": " university student unions", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": " 1975 but not before Islamists came to completely dominate university student unions", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": " university student unions", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": " moderate local interpretations", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": " moderate local interpretations", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": " Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims were infidels, etc", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": " conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": " incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": " incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": " incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": " rhetoric", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": " incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": " law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": " All India Muslim League", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": " mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": " 1908", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": " Oxford University press in 1934 in a book titled The Reconstruction of Religious Thought", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "operation", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": " 1930", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": " Pakistan movement", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": " Abul Ala Maududi", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": " journalism", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": " 1941", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": " political organising", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": " a modern context", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": " Abul Ala Maududi", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": " journalism", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": " political organising", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": " a modern context", + "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": " Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": " state", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "Maududi", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": " the violence or populist policies of the Iranian Revolution, but the gradual changing the hearts and minds of individuals", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": " educational process", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": " 1928", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": " 1928 by Hassan al Banna", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "the Qur'an", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": " imperialist influence", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": " violence against the government, and its founder Al-Banna", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": " 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": " Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": " 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": " Gamal Abdul Nasser", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": " Mohamed Morsi", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "the Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party, Salafi Al-Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75%", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "legal\"", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": " Mohamed Morsi", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": " Mohamed Morsi", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": " a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": " Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": " A steep and steady decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics ensued. Ba'athism", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": " Ba'athism", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": " different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": " Khomeini", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": " Mohammad Iqbal", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": " Sunni Islamic thinkers", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": " secular, Westernizing Muslims were actually agents of the West", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": " a long-term conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": " US economic sanctions", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": " Hezbollah and to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": " Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": " Sunni \"Arab street,\" due to its support for Hezbollah and to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": " Sunni \"Arab street,\" due to its support for Hezbollah and to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": " 40th Army", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": " Palestinian sheikh Abdullah Yusuf", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": " aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": " 16,000 to 35,000", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": " Palestinian sheikh Abdullah Yusuf Azzam. While the military effectiveness of these \"Afghan Arabs\" was marginal, an estimated 16,000", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": " War", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": " Gulf War", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": " Gulf War", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": " the Saudi monarchy", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": " west", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": " conservative Muslims", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": " domestic Islamists", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": " a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": " Algeria", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": " government officials", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": " the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": " Hasan al-Hudaybi", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": " Brotherhood", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": " the Brotherhood had renounced violence", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": " Hasan al-Hudaybi", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": " military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": " 1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": " held secular leanings", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": " \"apostate\" leaders of Muslim states", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": " Muhammad Abd al-Salaam", + "5730131c947a6a140053d052": " Group", + "5730131c947a6a140053d053": " al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", + "5730131c947a6a140053d055": " 2003", + "5730131c947a6a140053d054": " the major jihadi group, Jamaa Islamiya (or al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya), renounced violence", + "5730131c947a6a140053d056": " political figures", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": " a \"quiescent\" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": " the Muslim Brotherhood", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": " 1988 Hamas charter took a more uncompromising stand, calling for the destruction of Israel", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": " devout middle class", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": " Jihad against Israel", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": " 542", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": " 542 people", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": " Israel out of the Gaza Strip, but criticized for failure to achieve its demands", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": " Israel out of the Gaza Strip, but criticized for failure to achieve its demands in the 2008-9 and 2014 Gaza Wars", + "57302700a23a5019007fce89": " Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": " Hassan al-Turabi", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": " 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": " money from foreign Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": " university and military academy", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "imeiry was overthrown in 1985", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": " military", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": " a liberal government before coming to power, but strict application of sharia law", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": " Laden", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": " the American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": " Islamist movement influenced by Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": " Abbassi Madani", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": " FIS or Front Islamique", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": " FIS or Front Islamique", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": " military coup d'\u00e9tat", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": " justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": " Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": " Soviet Union", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": " Soviet Union", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": " 80%", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": " Deobandi movement", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": " Pakistan", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": " Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": " entire country. Their ideology was also described as being influenced by Wahhabism", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": " Wahhabism", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": " July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": " alcohol and nightclubs within six months, shortly before he was overthrown. Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": " Mawdudi", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": " a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": " July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": " Daesh", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": " Daesh", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": " ten million", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": " Daesh", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": " the group proclaimed itself a caliphate", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": " 2004", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": " the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": " Iraqi government forces out of key cities in western Iraq in a 2014 offensive. The group is adept at social media", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": " March 2011", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": " Amnesty International", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": " Caliphate", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": " 7th century", + "57302e45947a6a140053d230": " 1924", + "57302e45947a6a140053d231": " the true Islamic system, something for which it blames \"the disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers", + "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "the disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers\" working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": " armed jihad", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": " armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through \"ideological struggle\" to change Muslim public opinion", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": " elites", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": " Jordan, and in 1974 in Egypt", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": " groups", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": " 900,000", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": " 900", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": " London", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": " Undercover Mosque, has given rise to the term Londonistan", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": " terrorism", + "57303048947a6a140053d254": " violent Islamism, since 2001", + "57303048947a6a140053d255": " Christian Whiton", + "57303048947a6a140053d256": " Christian Whiton, an official in the George W. Bush administration, called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of \"political warfare\"", + "57303048947a6a140053d257": " Christian Whiton", + "57303048947a6a140053d258": " Christian Whiton", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": " technologies and ideas", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "A policy of extending a country\u2019s power and influence through diplomacy", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "A policy of extending a country\u2019s power and influence through diplomacy", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "A policy of extending a country\u2019s power and influence through diplomacy", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": " a powerful form of dominance", + "57306797396df919000960ee": " all kinds of domination or control by a group of people", + "57306797396df919000960ef": " all kinds of domination or control by a group of people", + "57306797396df919000960f0": " all kinds of domination or control by a group of people", + "57306797396df919000960f2": " all kinds of domination or control by a group of people", + "57306797396df919000960f1": " all kinds of domination or control by a group of people", + "573081c2069b531400832133": " expanded", + "573081c2069b531400832134": " The two main regions are the core and the periphery", + "573081c2069b531400832135": " that imperialism developed after colonialism, and was distinguished from colonialism by monopoly capitalism", + "573081c2069b531400832136": "pire\u2019 comes from the Latin word imperium; for which the closest modern English equivalent would perhaps be \u2018sovereignty", + "573081c2069b531400832137": " Geopolitics", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": " Edward Said", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": " a political focus", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": " Edward Said", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": " Edward Said", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": " one's superiority, domination and influence upon a person", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "perialism", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": " conquest", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": " conquering the other state's lands", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": " the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": " Colonialism", + "5730876a396df9190009617a": " defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", + "5730876a396df9190009617c": " imperialism was needed. Halford Mackinder", + "5730876a396df9190009617b": " Friedrich Ratzel", + "5730876a396df9190009617d": " defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", + "5730876a396df9190009617e": " J. A. Hobson", + "573088da069b53140083216b": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany", + "573088da069b53140083216c": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain", + "573088da069b53140083216d": " imperialism", + "573088da069b53140083216e": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany", + "573088da069b53140083216f": " imperialism", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": " temperate zone", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": " temperate zone", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": " temperate zone. Tropicality can be paralleled with Edward Said\u2019s Orientalism", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": " environmental determinism", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": " environmental determinism", + "57308ddc396df919000961a5": " Terra nullius", + "57308ddc396df919000961a7": " Terra nullius", + "57308ddc396df919000961a4": " British Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "The principles of imperialism", + "57308ddc396df919000961a8": " Roman law", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": " imaginative geography", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": " negative vision", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": " negative vision", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": " other territories", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": " negative vision", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": " the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": " unknown or unexplored territory", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": " cartographic techniques", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": " Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "perialism", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": " a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": " dozens", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "perialism", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "perialism", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "ultural imperialism", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": " soft power", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": " a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": " social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": " bans on foreign popular culture", + "57309446396df919000961b8": " 1700", + "57309446396df919000961b9": " the early 18th century through to the middle of the 20th century", + "57309446396df919000961ba": " thousands", + "57309446396df919000961bb": " 1700", + "57309446396df919000961bc": " Age of Imperialism", + "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980", + "57309564069b5314008321a6": " John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999", + "57309564069b5314008321a7": " the world's economy grew significantly and became much more interconnected", + "57309564069b5314008321a8": " interconnected", + "57309564069b5314008321a9": " John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": " economic growth", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": " the mid-18th century", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": " colonies", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": " resources from colonies", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": " communication, Europe also continued to advance in military technology. European chemists", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": " explosives", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": " military technology. European chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat, and with innovations in machinery they were able to manufacture improved firearms", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "Zulu War of 1879", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": " their opponents, as armies in less-developed countries were still fighting with arrows, swords, and leather shields", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": " Liberal John A. Hobson", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": " Joseph Chamberlain", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": " Liberal John A. Hobson", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": " Liberal John A. Hobson and Marxist Vladimir Lenin", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": " imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": " States", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1883\u20131950), Thorstein Veblen (1857\u20131929), and Norman Angell (1872\u20131967", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": " domestic social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": " domestic social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism by removing its economic foundation", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": " environmental determinism", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": " environment", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized\"", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": " environmental determinism was used to categorically place indigenous people in a racial hierarchy", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": " orientalism", + "5730a314069b5314008321eb": " Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being", + "5730a314069b5314008321ec": " orientalism", + "5730a314069b5314008321ed": " guidance and intervention from the European empire", + "5730a314069b5314008321ee": " orientalism", + "5730a314069b5314008321ef": " orientalism", + "5730a40f396df91900096234": " sixteenth century", + "5730a40f396df91900096235": " sixteenth century", + "5730a40f396df91900096236": " Queen Elizabeth in the following year", + "5730a40f396df91900096237": " local economy", + "5730a40f396df91900096238": " the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": " 1830", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": " North and West Africa", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": " Republicans", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": " North and West Africa", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": " Germany started to build her own colonial empire", + "5730a951069b531400832213": " the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior\". Full citizenship", + "5730a951069b531400832214": " moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry", + "5730a951069b531400832215": " Algeria", + "5730a951069b531400832216": " Christianity", + "5730a951069b531400832217": " Algeria", + "5730aa52069b53140083221d": " Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies", + "5730aa52069b53140083221e": " Charles de Gaulle", + "5730aa52069b53140083221f": " Vietnam", + "5730aa52069b531400832220": " the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria", + "5730aa52069b531400832221": " World War II", + "5730ab63396df91900096260": " southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire", + "5730ab63396df91900096263": "west of and including Italy) was complete, excluding only Muslim Iberia", + "5730ab63396df91900096261": " the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire", + "5730ab63396df91900096262": "west of and including Italy) was complete, excluding only Muslim Iberia", + "5730ab63396df91900096264": " a conceptual term referring to an amorphous area of central Europe", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": " Austria", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": " the Franco-German War", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "ussia", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": " Austria", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": " South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": " South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": " Guinea", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": " Hamburg merchants and traders, his neighbors at Friedrichsruh", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": " Korea", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": " 1894", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": " Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": " Manchuria", + "5730b255396df919000962b0": " in foreign nations and colonies", + "5730b255396df919000962b1": " Soviet Union installed socialist regimes", + "5730b255396df919000962b2": " Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities", + "5730b255396df919000962b3": " the old Tsarist Empire", + "5730b255396df919000962b4": " internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": " Lenin", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": " Joseph Stalin", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": " Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist fa\u00e7ade", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": " Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": " established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union", + "5730b541396df919000962c2": " mercantilism", + "5730b541396df919000962c3": " 1776", + "5730b541396df919000962c5": " the world", + "5730b541396df919000962c4": " 1820", + "5730b541396df919000962c6": " 1815", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": " the Anti-Imperialist League", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": " Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt\u2019s interventionism", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": " the deaths of many Filipinos. American foreign policy was denounced as a \"racket\" by Smedley Butler", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": " the Anti-Imperialist League", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": " a \"racket\" by Smedley Butler", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": " Isiah Bowman", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": " 1917", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": " the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": " the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference. The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": " Wilson's geographer", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": " Participation in the African slave trade", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": " Participation in the African slave trade", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": " 12 to 15 million", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": " Participation in the African slave trade", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": " 1299 to 1923", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": " a powerful multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": " 32 provinces", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": " Southeast Europe", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": " 1299 to 1923", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": " Istanbul", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": " Germany", + "5730bd00069b5314008322db": " colonial ambitions", + "5730bd00069b5314008322da": " Turkey", + "5730982f396df919000961e2": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e3": " UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John and Charles Wesley", + "5730982f396df919000961e4": " the revival movement of John and Charles Wesley", + "5730982f396df919000961e5": " the revival movement of John and Charles Wesley", + "5730982f396df919000961e6": " Wesleyan", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": " United Methodist Church", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": " 7.2 million", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": " about 12 million", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": " 9 million", + "57309921396df919000961f6": "18th century", + "57309921396df919000961f7": " the mid-18th century within the Church of England. A small group of students, including John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield", + "57309921396df919000961f8": " John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": " 1735", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": " Georgia", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": " John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": " salvation by God's grace", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": " Anglican Church", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": " superintendent (bishop) to organize a separate Methodist Society", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": " priest Thomas Coke", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": " Church", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": " John Wesley", + "57309adb396df919000961fc": "St. George's United Methodist Church", + "57309adb396df919000961fd": " 1769", + "57309adb396df919000961fe": " 1767", + "57309adb396df919000961ff": " a sail loft on Dock Street", + "57309adb396df91900096200": " 1784", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Richard Allen and Absalom Jones", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": " St. George's Church", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": " 1784", + "57309d31396df91900096210": " Church over the issue of laity having a voice and vote", + "57309d31396df91900096211": " the issue of laity having a voice and vote", + "57309d31396df91900096212": " slavery", + "57309d31396df91900096213": " slavery", + "5730a97a396df9190009625a": " April 23, 1968", + "5730a97a396df9190009625b": " two churches that had distinguished histories", + "5730a97a396df9190009625c": " Thy Church and now in The United Methodist Church\"", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": " the holy catholic (or universal) church and it recognizes the historic ecumenical creeds, the Apostle's Creed and the Nicene Creed", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": " Council of Chalcedon", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": " Richard Whatcoat", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": " Richard Whatcoat", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": " Richard Whatcoat", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": " The United Methodist Church in 1968", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": " The United Methodist Church in 1968, theologian Albert C. Outler", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": " Albert C. Outler", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": " Albert C. Outler", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": " all people. It is that power which enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": " motivates us to seek a relationship with God", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": " all people. It is that power which enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": " free choice", + "5730aeba069b531400832241": "ifying Grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832242": " conversion, \"accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior,\" or being \"born again\". John Wesley originally called this experience the New Birth", + "5730aeba069b531400832243": " conversion", + "5730aeba069b531400832244": " John Wesley originally called this experience the New Birth", + "5730aeba069b531400832245": " New Birth", + "5730afed069b53140083225f": " genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength, and a genuine love of our neighbors", + "5730afed069b531400832260": " a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength, and a genuine love of our neighbors", + "5730afed069b531400832261": " Christians", + "5730afed069b531400832262": " a genuine love of our neighbors as ourselves", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": " bring holiness into the life of the participating believer", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": " Church and using sacred tradition, reason, and experience", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": " race, gender, and ideology", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": " a broad diversity of thought", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": " United Methodist Church", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": " United Methodist Church", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": " Coalition for Reproductive Choice", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": " United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": " all women", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": " two official bodies of the United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": " the Taskforce of United Methodists", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": " the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice at their General Conference, held in May 2012", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": " United Methodist Church", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": " temperance movement", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": " John Wesley", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": " John Wesley warned against the dangers of drinking in his famous sermon, \"The Use of Money", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": " unfermented grape juice", + "5730b54c069b53140083228d": " capital punishment", + "5730b54c069b53140083228e": " John 8:7", + "5730b54c069b53140083228f": " Matthew 5:38", + "5730b54c069b531400832290": " United Methodist Church", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "rocked for officiating at same-sex weddings", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": " 1999", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": " April of 2016", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": " The United Methodist Church", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": " LGBT community within the UMC", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": " marriages", + "5730b776069b5314008322bd": " 1987", + "5730b776069b5314008322be": " 1987", + "5730b776069b5314008322bf": " Baltimore-Washington Conference", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": " United Methodist Church", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": " \"as Christians they are aware that neither the way of military action, nor the way of inaction is always righteous before God", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": " war", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": " Christ", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": " national foreign policy", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": " general and complete disarmament", + "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": " United Methodist Church", + "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": " violence", + "5730bdfe396df91900096310": " are physiologically altered, as is their perspective", + "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "a human embryo, even at its earliest stages, commands our reverence.\" It supports research on stem cells", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": " adult stem cells", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": "a human embryo, even at its earliest stages, commands our reverence.\" It supports research on stem cells", + "5730c059069b531400832305": " Sunday Service", + "5730c059069b531400832306": " Sunday Service", + "5730c059069b531400832307": " The Book of Common Prayer", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": " The United Methodist Church in Africa", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": " Anglican tradition's Book of Common Prayer", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": " oil", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "ist", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": " Founder William Booth, African missionary David Livingstone and Methodism's revered founder John Wesley", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": " John Wesley", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": " United Methodist Church", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": " United Methodist Church", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": " The Book of Discipline", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": " General Conference", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": " every four years", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": " five jurisdictions: Northeastern", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": " five jurisdictions: Northeastern, Southeastern, North Central, South Central and Western", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": " elect and appoint bishops", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": " General Conference", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": " Bishops thus elected serve Episcopal Areas, which consist of one or more Annual Conferences.", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": " Mission Council", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": " church bishops", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": " Jurisdictional Conference", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": " nine members, both laity and clergy", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": " nine members, both laity and clergy", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": " nine members, both laity and clergy", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": " nine members, both laity and clergy", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": " local churches, annual conferences, church agencies, and bishops are in accordance with church law. The Council reviews all decisions of law made by bishops", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": " Annual Conference", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": " the geographical area it covers", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": " their Annual Conference rather than of any local congregation, and are appointed to a local church or other charge annually by the conference's resident Bishop", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": " United Methodist churches. All UM churches must have a board of trustees", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": " three", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": " three", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": " Book of Discipline", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": " officers", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": " one hundred colleges and universities in the United States, including Syracuse University", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": " three hundred sixty", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": " International Association of Methodist-related Schools", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": " John Wesley", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": " pastors in local congregations. Deacons", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": " their Annual Conference", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": " their Annual Conference", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": " Superintendents of the Districts of the Annual Conference", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": " resident bishop", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": " tenures in extension ministries", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": " ministry", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": " District Superintendents", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": " 2\u20133 years", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": " District Superintendents", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": " 2\u20133 years as provisional deacons prior to their ordination", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "acons", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": " pastor", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": " servant leadership", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": " 1996 General Conference", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": " commissioned. During this two or three-year period, the provisional elder is granted sacramental ministry", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": " ordained", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "Licensed Local Pastor'", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": " the pastoral appointment", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": " Pastors", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "Licensed Local Pastor'", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": " United Methodist Church", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": " transfer from another Christian denomination", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": " transfer from another Christian denomination", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": " a sacrament in the UMC. The Book of Discipline", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": " the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": " adults", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": " Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": " serve in and through their local churches, and certified lay servants", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": " pastor", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": " serve in and through their local churches", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": " serve in and through their local churches", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": " United Methodist Church", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": " observer status in the National Association of Evangelicals and in the World Evangelical Fellowship", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": " the \"blurring of theological and confessional differences", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": " 2000 to carry out work on such a merger. In May 2012", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": " the African Methodist Episcopal Church, African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, African Union", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": " 1985", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": " 11 million", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": " 11 million", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": " 8 million", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": " 8 million", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": " 1 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": " 11.4 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": " 11.4 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": " 11.4 million", + "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": " UMC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": " UMC", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": " \"Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification\", which was approved in 1999 by the Vatican and the Lutheran World Federation", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": " roughly 60,000 European settlers", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": " 60,000", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": " 60,000", + "5733cff84776f419006612b4": " the Battle of Jumonville", + "5733cff84776f419006612b5": " a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", + "5733cff84776f419006612b6": " the Battle of Jumonville", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": " the British captured Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": " disaster", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "56", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": " Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": " the British captured Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", + "5733d249d058e614000b6331": " Canada", + "5733d249d058e614000b6332": " Between 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", + "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "ussia", + "5733d249d058e614000b6334": " Sainte Foy", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": " Great Britain", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": " Great Britain", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": " 1740s", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": " Seven Years' War", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": " a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": " Fourth Intercolonial War", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": " \"Seven Years\" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": " six years", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": " 1760", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": " the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not correspond with the fighting on mainland North America", + "5733d5704776f4190066130e": " 75,000", + "5733d5704776f4190066130f": " about 75,000", + "5733d5704776f41900661310": " local tribes", + "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": " 1.5 million", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": " 1.5 million", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": " 1.5 million", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": " native tribes", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": " Confederation", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": " Upstate New York", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": " Confederation", + "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": " Catawba", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": " Siouan-speaking Catawba", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": " the Iroquois", + "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": " no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": " no French regular army", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": " 3,000 troupes", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": " about 200 Troupes", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": " 200 Troupes", + "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": " 200 Troupes", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "\u00e9loron continued south until his expedition reached the confluence of the Ohio and the Miami rivers", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "\u00e9loron continued south until his expedition reached the confluence of the Ohio and the Miami rivers", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "\u00e9loron continued south until his expedition reached the confluence of the Ohio and the Miami rivers", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "\u00e9loron continued south until his expedition reached the confluence of the Ohio and the Miami rivers", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": " William Shirley", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": " William Shirley", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": " expansionist governor of the Province of Massachusetts", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": " Company", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": " Christopher Gist", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": " Christopher Gist, acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company, explored the Ohio territory and opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "strong house\"", + "5733e771d058e614000b6545": " 1748", + "5733e771d058e614000b6546": " 1748", + "5733e771d058e614000b6547": " Europe", + "5733e771d058e614000b6548": " 1748", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": " Charles le Moyne de Longueuil", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": " 300 men", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": " Charles le Moyne de Longueuil", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": " three traders", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": " Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": " Presque Isle", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": " Fort Le Boeuf", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": " Tanaghrisson", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": " Mingo", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": " Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": " Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": " Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "The Iroquois", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": " Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": " George Washington", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": " Jacob Van Braam as an interpreter", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": " Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia", + "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", + "5733f062d058e614000b6634": " Dinwiddie", + "5733f062d058e614000b6635": " Marin as commander of the French forces after the latter died on October 29", + "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "Jacques Legardeur", + "5733f1784776f41900661575": " William Trent", + "5733f1784776f41900661576": " Governor Duquesne", + "5733f1784776f41900661577": " Fort Duquesne", + "5733f309d058e614000b6648": " May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville", + "5733f309d058e614000b6649": " Jumonville", + "5733f309d058e614000b664a": " the British and regain authority over his own people", + "5733f410d058e614000b6663": " Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America", + "5733f410d058e614000b6664": " Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America", + "5733f410d058e614000b6665": " six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau", + "5733f410d058e614000b6666": " Edward Hawke", + "5733f5264776f419006615a3": " Albany Congress", + "5733f5264776f419006615a4": " the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "ederation", + "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "ederation", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": " The remaining 500", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": " 1,000", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": " 1,000", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": " The remaining 500 British troops, led by George Washington, retreated to Virginia. Two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": " a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "risons at Oswego, Fort Bull, and Fort Williams", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": " Niagara", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "risons at Oswego, Fort Bull, and Fort Williams", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's, which was noticed by New France's governor, the Marquis de Vaudreuil", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": " Lake George", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": " Fort Edward and Fort William", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": " Fort William Henry", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": " Ticonderoga", + "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": " Fort Beaus\u00e9jour in June 1755", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": " Nova Scotia's Governor Charles Lawrence", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": " Bloody Creek", + "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": " William Shirley", + "5733faaf4776f41900661630": " William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America. At a meeting in Albany in December 1755", + "5733faaf4776f41900661631": " Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario", + "5733faaf4776f41900661632": " William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America. At a meeting in Albany in December 1755", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": " Seven Years' War", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": " Seven Years' War", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": " Seven Years' War", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "or Vaudreuil", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": " supply chain", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": " Bull, French forces destroyed the fort and large quantities of supplies, including 45,000 pounds of gunpowder", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": " any British hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": " July. When he arrived in Albany, Abercrombie refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them. Montcalm", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": " headquarters to Ticonderoga", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": " led the successful attack on Oswego", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": " the disposition of prisoners' personal effects", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": " New France", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": " William", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": " William Pitt, the Secretary of State responsible for the colonies, to attack Louisbourg", + "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": " Fort William", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": " Ticonderoga. In February they launched a daring raid against the position across the frozen Lake George", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": " George", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": " Indian allies", + "57340111d058e614000b677d": " Fran\u00e7ois Bigot", + "57340111d058e614000b677e": " harvest in 1757, a difficult winter, and the allegedly corrupt machinations of Fran\u00e7ois Bigot", + "57340111d058e614000b677f": " Louisbourg", + "5734025d4776f419006616c3": " Duke of Cumberland", + "5734025d4776f419006616c4": " 1757", + "5734025d4776f419006616c5": " three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops", + "5734025d4776f419006616c6": " Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg", + "573403394776f419006616dd": " 3,600", + "573403394776f419006616de": " 3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars", + "573403394776f419006616df": " Jeffery Amherst", + "573403394776f419006616e0": " Jeffery Amherst", + "57340549d058e614000b67dd": " invasion of Britain", + "57340549d058e614000b67de": " Pitt again planned significant campaigns against New France, and sent funds to Britain's ally on the mainland, Prussia", + "57340549d058e614000b67df": " battles at Lagos and Quiberon Bay", + "573406d1d058e614000b6801": " Fort Niagara", + "573406d1d058e614000b6802": " Fort Niagara", + "573406d1d058e614000b6803": " the Battle of Sainte-Foy", + "573406d1d058e614000b6804": " Fort Niagara", + "573407d7d058e614000b6813": " Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst", + "573407d7d058e614000b6814": " Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst", + "573407d7d058e614000b6815": " Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst", + "573408ef4776f41900661757": " 10 February 1763, and war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg", + "573408ef4776f41900661758": " 15 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661759": " Guadeloupe and Martinique", + "573408ef4776f4190066175a": " Martinique", + "57340a094776f4190066177d": " 80,000", + "57340a094776f4190066177e": " 1755", + "57340a094776f4190066177f": " North American provinces", + "57340a094776f41900661780": " Orleans", + "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": " King George III", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": " civic participation", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": " west of the Appalachian Mountains", + "57340d124776f419006617c3": " Cuba", + "57340d124776f419006617c0": " legal and illegal settlement", + "57340d124776f419006617c1": " 1769", + "57340d124776f419006617c2": " French power in North America meant the disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion, leading to their ultimate dispossession. The Ohio Country", + "57340d124776f419006617bf": " Florida also prompted most of its Spanish Catholic population to leave. Most went to Cuba", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": " Archimedes", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": " a force is required to maintain motion, even at a constant velocity", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": " Sir Isaac Newton", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": " three hundred years", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": " Sir Isaac Newton", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": " gauge bosons are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed. Only four", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": " gauge bosons", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": " strong, electromagnetic", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": " four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": " a more fundamental electroweak interaction", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": " a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": " cosmology", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": " four elements", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": " ground and that they will stay that way if left alone", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": " four elements", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": " 17th century", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": " Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": " carried an innate force of impetus", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": " incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": " gravity to an extent that was independent of their mass and argued that objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": " external net force", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": " of net force", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": " inertia", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": " inertia", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": " every inertial frame", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": " the outside world", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": " pass by also observes the ball follow a curving parabolic path", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": " rest: It is the outside world", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "ertia", + "573749741c4567190057445d": " many different forms of constant motion, even those that are not strictly constant velocity. The rotational inertia of planet Earth", + "573749741c4567190057445e": " inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445f": " Albert Einstein", + "573749741c45671900574460": " weightlessness", + "573749741c45671900574461": " rotational inertia of planet Earth", + "573750f51c45671900574467": " direct proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality", + "573750f61c45671900574468": " Second Law", + "573750f61c45671900574469": " a coherent theory of quantum gravity", + "573750f61c4567190057446a": " Second Law", + "573750f61c4567190057446b": " equality; the relative units of force and mass", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": " different objects. The third law means that all forces are interactions between different bodies", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": " action-reaction law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": " action-reaction law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "Newton's Third Law", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": " accelerate with respect to each other", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": " any two objects", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": " the mass", + "573766251c45671900574471": " quantified using precise operational definitions", + "573766251c45671900574472": " precise operational definitions", + "573766251c45671900574473": " Newtonian mechanics", + "573766251c45671900574474": " fully consistent", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": " vectors", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": " vectors", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": " vectors", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": " vectors", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": " static equilibrium", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": " vector", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": " the resultant (also called the net force", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": " respective lines of application must also be specified in order to account for their effects on the motion of the body", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": " static equilibrium where several forces canceled each other out. Such experiments demonstrate the crucial properties that forces are additive vector", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": " A horizontal force pointing northeast", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": " two forces, one pointing north, and one pointing east", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": " components of a set of basis vectors", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": " set", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": " three-dimensional with the third component being at right-angles to the other two", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "ushing against an object on a frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": " move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": " no acceleration", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": " upper limit", + "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": " simple devices such as weighing scales", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": " force applied by the \"spring reaction force\", which equals the object's weight", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": " weight", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": " Archimedes' principle for buoyancy", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": " Archimedes' principle for buoyancy; Archimedes' analysis of the lever; Boyle's law", + "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": " Galileo", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": " completely equivalent to rest. This was contrary to Aristotle", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": " mass", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": " cannonball from the crow's nest of a ship moving at a constant velocity, Aristotelian physics would have the cannonball fall straight down", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": " mariner dropped a cannonball from the crow's nest of a ship moving at a constant velocity, Aristotelian physics", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": " dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": " zero net force", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": " dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": " dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction", + "57377aac1c45671900574479": " operators instead of classical variables and though the physics is now described by the Schr\u00f6dinger equation", + "57377aac1c4567190057447a": " Newton", + "57377aac1c4567190057447b": " classical position variables", + "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", + "57377aac1c4567190057447d": " quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": " discrete intrinsic angular momentum", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": " particles acting onto each other do not only possess the spatial variable, but also a discrete intrinsic angular momentum", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": " one \"caveat\", namely the particles acting onto each other do not only possess the spatial variable, but also a discrete intrinsic angular momentum", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": " particles acting onto each other do not only possess the spatial variable, but also a discrete intrinsic angular momentum", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": " particles acting onto each other do not only possess the spatial variable, but also a discrete intrinsic angular momentum", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": " a mathematical by-product of exchange of momentum", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "4-momentum in relativity and momentum of virtual particles", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": " a redundant concept", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": " Feynman diagrams", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": " a straight line (see world line)", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": " four", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": " the gravitational force acts between masses", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": " Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces were unified through one consistent theory of electromagnetism", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": " 20th", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": " four fundamental interactions into a theory of everything", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": " Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces were unified through one consistent theory of electromagnetism", + "573784fa1c45671900574483": " Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574484": " Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574485": " Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574486": " Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574487": " a mass of will", + "573786b51c4567190057448d": " distances", + "573786b51c4567190057448e": " decreased as an inverse square law", + "573786b51c4567190057448f": " mass of the attracting body", + "573786b51c45671900574490": "Newton", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": " Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": " Henry Cavendish", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": " Henry Cavendish", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": " Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant", + "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Vulcan", + "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", + "5737898f1c45671900574497": " Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity (GR) he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit", + "5737898f1c45671900574498": " Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity (GR) he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit", + "5737898f1c45671900574499": " Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity (GR) he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit", + "57378b141c4567190057449f": " GR, gravitation is not viewed as a force, but rather, objects moving freely in gravitational fields travel under their own inertia in straight lines", + "57378b141c456719005744a0": " ballistic trajectory", + "57378b141c456719005744a1": " \"gravitational force", + "57378b141c456719005744a2": " curvature of space-time can be observed and the force is inferred from the object's curved path", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": " a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": " the time rate of change of electric charge, a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": " electric current as the time rate of change of electric charge, a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", + "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": " the electrostatic force (due to the electric field) and the magnetic force", + "57378e311c456719005744af": " a complete description of the electromagnetic spectrum", + "57378e311c456719005744b0": " a complete description of the electromagnetic spectrum", + "57378e311c456719005744b1": " 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs", + "57378e311c456719005744b2": " 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard", + "57378e311c456719005744b3": " a wave that traveled at a speed that he calculated to be the speed of light", + "573792ee1c456719005744b9": " electromagnetism was developed using quantum mechanics. This final modification to electromagnetic theory ultimately led to quantum electrodynamics", + "573792ee1c456719005744ba": " photoelectric effect", + "573792ee1c456719005744bb": " quantum electrodynamics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bc": " photons", + "573792ee1c456719005744bd": " photoelectric effect", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": "ulsion of like charges", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": "ulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": " finite set of electron states", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": " the result of the existence of a finite set of electron states", + "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "ulsion of like charges", + "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "ulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958b1c456719005744c5": " finite set of electron states", + "5737958b1c456719005744c6": " the result of the existence of a finite set of electron states", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": " elementary particles", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": " color confinement", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": " elementary particles", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": " gluons", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": " strong force", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": " beta decay", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": " beta decay", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": " neutrons in atomic nuclei)", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": " 1013", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": " approximately 1015 kelvins", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": " normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact", + "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": " impact force", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": " fermionic nature of electrons) follows resulting in the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects", + "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "ulsive forces of interaction between atoms", + "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "Tension forces can be modeled using ideal strings", + "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ension", + "57379ed81c456719005744d7": " tension forces instantaneously in action-reaction pairs", + "57379ed81c456719005744d8": " mechanical energy", + "57379ed81c456719005744d9": " a corresponding increase in the length", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": " three", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": " directed along the pressure gradients", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": " other parts", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": " three", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": " all strains", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": " formalism includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area (the matrix diagonals", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "the matrix diagonals", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": " forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area (the matrix diagonals", + "5737a4511c456719005744df": " As a consequence of Newton's First Law of Motion, there exists rotational inertia", + "5737a4511c456719005744e0": " torque", + "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Torque is the rotation equivalent of force in the same way that angle is the rotational equivalent for position, angular velocity for velocity, and angular momentum", + "5737a5931c456719005744e7": " any object", + "5737a5931c456719005744e8": " any object is always directed toward the center of the curving path. Such forces act perpendicular to the velocity vector", + "5737a5931c456719005744e9": " centripetal force", + "5737a5931c456719005744ea": " any object is always directed toward the center of the curving path", + "5737a5931c456719005744eb": " centripetal force", + "5737a7351c456719005744f1": " only between kinetic or potential forms", + "5737a7351c456719005744f2": " only between kinetic or potential forms", + "5737a7351c456719005744f3": " mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between kinetic or potential forms", + "5737a7351c456719005744f4": " the difference in potential energy between two different locations in space", + "5737a7351c456719005744f5": " difference in potential energy between two different locations in space", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": " gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": " gradient of potentials", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": " a force model that is independent of any macroscale position vector", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": " conservative ones", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": " microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics. In macroscopic closed systems", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": " transformations", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": " transfer of heat", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": " transformations", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": " from ordered to more random", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": " newton: the kilogram", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": " less commonly used than the newton", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": " the metric slug", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": " metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton", + "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": " less commonly used than the newton" +}