{ "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": " February 7", "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": " February 7", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": " February 7", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": " February 7", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": " February 7", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": " February 7", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": " February 7", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": " February 7", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": " February 7", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": " February 7", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": " February 7", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": " February 7", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": " February 7", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": " February 7", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": " February 7", "56d600e31c85041400946eae": " February 7", "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": " February 7", "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": " February 7", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": " Panthers", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": "The Panthers", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u2013", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": " Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (", "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u2013", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": " Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton was named the NFL Most Valuable Player (", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50", "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d601e41c85041400946ece": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50", "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50", "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed. Newton was limited by Denver's defense", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": " $", "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": " Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": " broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": " $", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": " broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": " 50", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": " 50", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": " broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": "CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": " broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": " 50", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": " broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": "CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": " Super Bowl 50", "56d602631c85041400946ed8": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", "56d602631c85041400946eda": " $", "56d602631c85041400946edb": " $", "56d602631c85041400946edc": "CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": " $", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": " $", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": " $", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": " 50", "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell", "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": " early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": " Goodell", "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": " Goodell", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": " Super Bowl \"", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": "The league eventually narrowed the bids", "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": "The league eventually narrowed the bids", "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": "The league eventually narrowed the bids", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": "The league eventually narrowed the bids", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": " three sites: New Orleans", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": " three sites", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": "The league eventually narrowed the bids", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": " three", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": " three", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": " three sites", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": " three", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": "The league eventually narrowed the bids", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": "The league eventually narrowed the bids", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": "The league announced on October 16", "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": " 10", "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": " May 3", "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": " May 3", "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": "The league announced on October 16", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "The league announced on October 16", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "The league announced on October 16", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": "The league announced on October 16", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": " May 3", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": " May 3", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": " October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium. The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": " May 3", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": "The league announced on October 16", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": "The league announced on October 16", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": "The league announced on October 16", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": "The league announced on October 16", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": "The league announced on October 16", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": " October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium. The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": " May 3", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": "The league announced on October 16", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": "The league announced on October 16", "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": " May 21", "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": " May 21", "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56be5523acb8001400a50330": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": " May 21", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": " May 21", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": " May 21", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": " May 21", "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": " May 21", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": " May 21", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": " May 21", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": " May 21", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium. The $", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": " May 21", "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": " Super Bowl 50", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": " Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": " Super Bowl 50", "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": " Super Bowl 50", "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": " Super Bowl 50", "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": " Super Bowl 50", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": " Super Bowl 50", "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": " Super Bowl 50", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": " 14\u2013", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": " Green Bay Packers. With their NFC-best 15\u2013", "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": "Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": " Green Bay Packers. With their NFC-best 15\u2013", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": " Green Bay Packers. With their NFC-best 15\u2013", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": " 14\u2013", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": " Green Bay Packers", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": " Green Bay Packers. With their NFC-best 15\u2013", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": " 14\u2013", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": " Green Bay Packers. With their NFC-best 15\u2013", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": "Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": "Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "\u2013", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns (", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": " Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": " Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns (", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": "8", "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns (", "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": " Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "8", "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns (", "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "8", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "The Panthers defense", "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": "The Panthers defense", "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": " four Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl defensive tackle Kawann Short", "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "The Panthers defense", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "The Panthers defense", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "The Panthers defense", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": " numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "low 67.9 passer rating", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": " 67.", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": " a career-low 67.", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": "ning", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": " a career-low 67.", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "low 67.9 passer rating", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": " a career-low 67.9 passer rating", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": "ning", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": " a career-low 67.9 passer rating", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "low 67.9 passer rating", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": " a career-low 67.", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": "ning finished the year with a career-low 67.9 passer rating", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": " a career-low 67.9 passer rating", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "low 67.9 passer rating", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": " a career-low 67.", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "ning", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": "ning", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": " a career-low 67.9 passer rating", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "The Broncos' defense", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "The Broncos' defense", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "The Broncos' defense", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": " Broncos' defense", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "The Broncos' defense", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "The Broncos' defense", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "The Broncos' defense", "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "The Broncos' defense", "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "The Broncos' defense", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "The Broncos' defense", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "The Broncos' defense", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "The Broncos' defense", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "The Broncos' defense", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "The Broncos' defense", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": " beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": " beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": "\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": "\u201315, racking up 48", "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982ba": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982bc": "\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": " Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": " Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": " Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": " 20\u2013", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": " Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": "olina", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": "olina", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": " a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": " a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": " a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": "-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": " a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": "olina", "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": " a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": "-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": "-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": " three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "III at age 38", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "eyton Manning", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": " Manning", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": " Manning", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": " Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": " Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "eyton Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": " Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "eyton Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": " Super Bowl at age 39", "56d704430d65d214001982de": " past record was held by John Elway", "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "eyton Manning", "56d704430d65d214001982e1": "eyton Manning", "56d704430d65d214001982e2": " Manning", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": " Manning", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "eyton Manning", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": " Manning", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": " the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": " the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams who was the #1 pick in their draft classes. Manning", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": " the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": " the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams who was the #1 pick in their draft classes. Manning", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": " the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": " the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": " the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": " the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": " the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": " the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": " the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": " the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": " the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": " the first Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": " 419 turf", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": " 419 turf", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": " 419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": " 419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": " 419 turf", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": " 21\u201310 in Super Bowl XL 10", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": " the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "The Panthers", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": " Panthers", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "The Panthers", "56d70d240d65d21400198326": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos", "56d70d240d65d21400198327": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos", "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "The Panthers", "56d70d240d65d21400198329": "The Panthers", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "The Panthers", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": " Panthers", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": " June 4", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": " Super Bowl LI", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": " Super Bowl LI", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": " June 4", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": " June 4", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": " June 4", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": " June 4", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": " June 4", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": " Super Bowl LI", "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": " June 4", "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": " June 4", "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": " June 4", "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": " June 4", "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": " June 4", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": " Super Bowl LI", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": " Super Bowl LI", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": " gold-themed promotions and initiatives", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": " gold-themed promotions", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": " gold-themed promotions", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": " promotions", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": " gold-themed promotions", "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": " gold-themed promotions and initiatives", "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": " gold-themed promotions", "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": " promotions", "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": " gold-themed promotions", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": " January 30", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": " January 30", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": " January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": " January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": " January 30", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": " January 30", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": " January 30", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": " January 30", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": " January 30", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": " $", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": " $", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": " $", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": " $", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": " $", "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": " $", "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": " $", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": " $", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": " $", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": " February 1", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": " February 1", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": " February 1", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": " February 1", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": " February 1", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": " February 1", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": " February 1", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": " February 1", "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": " February 1", "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": " February 1", "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": "The game's media day", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": " February 1", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": " February 1", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": " February 1", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": " February 1", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": " February 1", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": " $40 million", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56d71d150d65d21400198370": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": " Nantz and Phil Simms", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": " EyeVision was last used", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": " a 360-degree view of plays and \"bullet time\" effects. (", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": " lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": " lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": " the United States, the game was televised by CBS", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": " December 28", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": " December 28", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": " December 28", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": " December 28", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": " December 28", "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": " December 28", "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": " December 28", "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": " December 28", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": " December 28", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": " December 28", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": " December 28", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": "CBS", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198396": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198397": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198398": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": " $5,000,000, a record high price for a Super Bowl ad", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": " advertisement at $", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": " $5,000,000, a record high price for a Super Bowl ad. As of January 26", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": " advertisement", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": " $5,000,000", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": "CBS", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": "CBS", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": "CBS set the base rate for a 30-second advertisement at $", "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "CBS", "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": "CBS", "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "CBS", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "CBS", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "CBS", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": " advertisement", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "QuickBooks sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": "Books sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": " contest", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": " nine other contenders", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": " a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": " nine other contenders from across the United States", "56d722330d65d214001983a6": " nine other contenders from across the United States", "56d722330d65d214001983a7": "QuickBooks", "56d722330d65d214001983a8": " nine other contenders from across the United States", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": " contest", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": " a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "20th Century Fox", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": " Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": " Paramount Pictures", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": " Fox", "56d723560d65d214001983ac": "20th Century Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures", "56d723560d65d214001983ad": " Fox", "56d723560d65d214001983ae": " Fox", "56d723560d65d214001983af": " Fox", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "20th Century Fox, Lionsgate", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "20th Century Fox", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": " Fox", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": " One", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": " One", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": " One", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": "Westwood One", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": " WBT are both clear-channel stations, the local broadcasts will be audible over much of the western United States after sunset (", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": "The flagship stations of each station", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": " WBT are both clear-channel stations, the local broadcasts will be audible over much of the western United States after sunset (", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver", "56d724620d65d214001983be": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver, KOA (850", "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver, KOA (850", "56d724620d65d214001983c0": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver, KOA (850", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": " the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": " the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": " the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": " the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": " the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": " Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": " Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": "field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": " Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": "field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": "field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": "Six-", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Six-", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "Six-", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "Six-", "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "Six-", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": "Six-", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": "Six-", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": "Six-", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Six-", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": " January 7", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": " January 7", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": " January 7", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": " January 7", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": " January 7", "56d725790d65d214001983d8": " January 7", "56d725790d65d214001983da": " January 7", "56d725790d65d214001983db": " January 7", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": " January 7", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": " January 7, 2016, Pepsi", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": " January 7", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": " January 7", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": " Manning completing an 18-", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", "56d728a10d65d21400198414": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d728a10d65d21400198415": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "Denver", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": " Manning completing an 18-", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "Denver", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion", "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56d728e00d65d21400198420": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": " Norwood received Brad Nort", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": " a punt from both teams, Carolina got on track with a 9-", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": " a punt from both teams, Carolina got on track with a 9-", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": " Norwood received Brad Nort", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": " a punt from both teams, Carolina got on track with a 9-", "56d729180d65d21400198426": " a punt from both teams, Carolina got on track with a 9-", "56d729180d65d21400198427": " Norwood received Brad Nort", "56d729180d65d21400198428": " McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u2013", "56d729180d65d21400198429": " McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u2013", "56d729180d65d2140019842a": " a punt from both teams, Carolina got on track with a 9-", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": " Norwood received Brad Nort", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": " a punt from both teams, Carolina got on track with a 9-", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": " next possession fullback Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "bert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": " Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": "-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u2013", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": " 39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u2013", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": " 39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u2013", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": " 39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u2013", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": " 39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u2013", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": " 39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u2013", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": " 39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u2013", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": " 39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310. The next three drives of the game would end in punts", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": " Anderson was the game's leading rusher", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": " Sanders", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": " Sanders", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": "ning", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": " Sanders", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": " Sanders", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": " Sanders", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": "ning", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": "ning", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": " Sanders", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": " Sanders", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": "ning", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": " 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": " 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns. Sanders", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": " 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": " 50", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": " 50", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": "Super Bowl 50", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": " 50", "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": " 50", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": "Super Bowl 50", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": " the most famous people born in Warsaw was Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": " 1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": " 1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": " 1745", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": " 15.", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "The Saxon Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "The Saxon Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "The Saxon Garden, covering the area of 15.", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "The Saxon Garden", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": " are 13 natural reserves in Warsaw", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "914 inhabitants 833,500 were of Polish mother tongue. World War II changed the demographics of the city", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "914 inhabitants 833,500 were of Polish mother tongue. World War II changed the demographics of the city", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "914 inhabitants 833,500 were of Polish mother tongue. World War II changed the demographics of the city", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "914 inhabitants 833,500 were of Polish mother tongue. World War II changed the demographics of the city", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "914 inhabitants 833,500 were of Polish mother tongue. World War II changed the demographics of the city", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "The University of Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": " 1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": " 1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": " 1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "The University of Warsaw", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": " 1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": " 1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": " 18", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": " 1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": " 1816", "573399b54776f41900660e64": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland (especially Warsaw) was a major success", "573399b54776f41900660e65": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland (especially Warsaw) was a major success", "573399b54776f41900660e66": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland (especially Warsaw) was a major success", "573399b54776f41900660e67": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", "57339a554776f41900660e74": " Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e75": " Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e76": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e78": " Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": " Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": " Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": " Teatr Wielki", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": " Teatr Wielki", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": " Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "1922", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "1922", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1922", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "1922", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "1922", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": " By the 19th century this tradition had become a festive event", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "Several commemorative events take place every year. Gatherings", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": " By the 19th century this tradition had become a festive event, and it continues today. The city council organize concerts", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": " By the 19th century this tradition had become a festive event", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": " Vistula on Midsummer\u2019", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": " expositions the most notable are: the world's first Museum of Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": " expositions the most notable are: the world's first Museum of Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": " posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": " posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": " posters", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": " Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": " Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": " Uprising Museum also operates a rare preserved and operating historic stereoscopic theatre, the Warsaw Fotoplastikon. The Museum of Independence", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland can be found in the Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": " Uprising Museum", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": " National Gallery", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": " National Gallery", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": " National Gallery", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": " about 500 projects a year. Zach\u0119ta National Gallery", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": " National Gallery", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": " Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": " Championship in 2000", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": " Championship in 2000", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": " Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": " local rivals, Polonia Warsaw, have significantly fewer supporters, yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "The mermaid", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": " 1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": " 1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": " 1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "The mermaid", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Tamara de Lempicka was a famous artist born in Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "Tamara de Lempick", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Tamara de Lempicka", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Tamara de Lempicka", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Tamara de Lempicka", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": " 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": " 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": " 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": " 32nd most liveable city in the world", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": " 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": " 1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": " 1596", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdiocese (left bank of the Vistula) and diocese (", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdiocese", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdiocese", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdiocese", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdiocese", "57332442d058e614000b5720": " Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "\u0283\u0251\u02d0v\u0259/", "57332442d058e614000b5722": " Polish language is Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5723": " Polish language is Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5724": " Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Br\u00f3dno (9", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Br\u00f3dno (9", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "9", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Br\u00f3dno (9", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "9", "5733266d4776f41900660712": " Sejm, permanent from 1569", "5733266d4776f41900660713": " Sejm, permanent from 1569", "5733266d4776f41900660714": " 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation", "5733266d4776f41900660715": " 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569", "5733266d4776f41900660716": " 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569", "57332a734776f41900660726": " 1796", "57332a734776f41900660727": " 1796", "57332a734776f41900660728": " 1796", "57332a734776f41900660729": " 1796", "57332a734776f4190066072a": " 1796", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": " Article 12 that Germany withdraw from areas controlled by Russia in 1914", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": " 4 August 1915 until November 1918. The Allied Armistice terms required in Article 12 that Germany withdraw from areas controlled by Russia in 1914", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": " Article 12 that Germany withdraw from areas controlled by Russia in 1914", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": " Article 12 that Germany withdraw from areas controlled by Russia in 1914", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": " Article 12 that Germany withdraw from areas controlled by Russia in 1914", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": " the German Invasion of Poland", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": " 1 September 1939 began the Second World War, Warsaw was defended till September 27. Central Poland", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": " 1 September 1939 began the Second World War, Warsaw was defended till September 27. Central Poland", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": " the German Invasion of Poland", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": " 1 September 1939 began the Second World War, Warsaw was defended till September 27. Central Poland", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": " the Red Army was deep into Polish territory and pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": " the Red Army was deep into Polish territory", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": " Uprising began. The armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours, was partially successful", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": " Uprising began. The armed struggle, planned to last 48", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": " armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours, was partially successful", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Bricks for Warsaw\" campaign was initiated", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "Bricks for Warsaw\" campaign was initiated", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Bricks for Warsaw\" campaign was initiated", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Bricks for Warsaw\" campaign was initiated", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": " World War II", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", "573330444776f41900660759": " anti-communist fervor there", "573330444776f4190066075a": " anti-communist fervor there", "573330444776f4190066075b": " anti-communist fervor there", "573330444776f4190066075c": " Paul II", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": " (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 5", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": " (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 5", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Warsaw", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": " 115.7 metres (379.6 ft) (\"Redutowa\" bus depot", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "Warsaw", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": " (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district and about 10 m (", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": " (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district and about 10 m (", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": " (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district and about 10 m (", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": " (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district and about 10 m (", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": " (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district and about 10 m (", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "The plain moraine plateau", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": " moraine plateau", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "The plain moraine plateau", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "The plain moraine plateau", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": " moraine plateau", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "Warsaw", "573361404776f4190066093c": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644", "573361404776f4190066093d": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644", "573361404776f4190066093e": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644", "573361404776f4190066093f": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644", "573361404776f41900660940": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644", "573362b94776f41900660974": "1677", "573362b94776f41900660975": "1677\u20131696) and St. Kazimierz Church (1688", "573362b94776f41900660976": "1677\u20131696) and St. Kazimierz Church (1688", "573362b94776f41900660977": "1677", "573362b94776f41900660978": " 1775", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "1899", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": " bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "1899", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": " bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "1899", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": " the beginning of a walk in the traces of Heroic City. The Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609af": " the beginning of a walk in the traces of Heroic City. The Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": " the beginning of a walk in the traces of Heroic City. The Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": " the beginning of a walk in the traces of Heroic City. The Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": " the beginning of a walk in the traces of Heroic City. The Warsaw Citadel", "573368044776f41900660a29": " green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library garden", "573368044776f41900660a2a": " Botanic Garden and the University Library garden", "573368044776f41900660a2b": " Botanic Garden and the University Library garden", "573368044776f41900660a2c": " Botanic Garden and the University Library garden", "573368044776f41900660a2d": " Botanic Garden and the University Library garden", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "The flora of the city", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "The flora", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "The flora", "573368e54776f41900660a56": " Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": " Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": " enlargement (1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "1951", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune (gmina). A city is also a commune", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune (gmina). A city is also a commune", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune (gmina). A city is also a commune", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "16", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "The mayor of Warsaw is called President. Generally, in Poland, the mayors of bigger cities are called presidents", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "The mayor of Warsaw", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "The mayor of Warsaw is called President. Generally, in Poland, the mayors of bigger cities are called presidents", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "1695", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "Warsaw", "573382d24776f41900660c38": " financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro", "573382d24776f41900660c39": " financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": " USD 33 000). Total nominal GDP of the city in 2010 amounted to 191.766 billion PLN, 111696 PLN per capita", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "Warsaw", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": " 1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": " 1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": " 1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": " 1817 and continued trading until World War II", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": " 1817", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "The FSO Car Factory was established in 1951. A number of vehicles have been assembled there", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": " FSO Car Factory was established", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "The FSO Car Factory", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "The FSO Car Factory", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "The FSO Car Factory was established", "573166ede6313a140071cef2": " at 1.740", "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "Warsaw", "573166ede6313a140071cef4": "Warsaw", "573166ede6313a140071cef5": " at 1.740", "573166ede6313a140071cef6": " at 1.740", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": " at 1.740", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": " at 1.740", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": " at 1.740", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "Warsaw", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "The Normans", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "The Normans", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "The Normans", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "The Normans", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "The Normans (", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "The Norman dynasty", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "The Norman dynasty", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "The Norman dynasty", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "The English name \"Normans\" comes from the French words Normans/Norman", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "The English name \"Normans\" comes from the French words Normans/Norman", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": " Duchy of Normandy, which began in 911", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": " fiefdom, was established by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": " Duchy of Normandy", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": " Rollo's arrival, its populations did not differ from Picardy or the \u00cele-de-France", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "The descendants of Rollo's Vikings", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "The descendants of Rollo's Vikings", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "The Normans thereafter adopted the growing feudal doctrines of the rest of France", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": " a foothold in Southern Italy", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": " bands of Normans successfully established a foothold in Southern Italy", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": " bands of Normans successfully established a foothold in Southern Italy", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "The two most prominent Norman families to arrive in the Mediterranean were descendants of Tancred of Hauteville", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "The two most prominent Norman families to arrive in the Mediterranean were descendants of Tancred of Hauteville", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": " 1130", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": " 1194", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": " 1194", "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": " feudal law and order to forge a unique government", "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": " feudal law and order to forge a unique government", "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": "itutionally, the Normans combined the administrative machinery of the Byzantines, Arabs, and Lombards", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": " 1038", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "\u00e9 in the 1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": " the first Norman mercenaries to serve as a Byzantine general was Herv\u00e9 in the 1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": " Bailleul even tried to carve out an independent state in Asia Minor", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": " Oursel\u2014", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": " Oursel led a force of \"Franks\" into the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria. From 1073", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": " Oursel\u2014", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": " mercenary origin during the period of the Comnenian Restoration", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": " an other Norman adventurer", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": " Guiscard, an other Norman adventurer previously elevated to the dignity of count of Apulia", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "ard, an other Norman adventurer previously elevated to the dignity of count of Apulia", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": " Deabolis, Gllavenica (Ballsh), Kanina and Jericho. This time, the Albanians sided with the Normans", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": " Deabolis, Gllavenica (Ballsh), Kanina and Jericho. This time, the Albanians sided with the Normans", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": " Deabolis, Gllavenica (Ballsh), Kanina and Jericho. This time, the Albanians sided with the Normans", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "The Normans", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "The Normans", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "The Norm", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "The Normans", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": " 1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": " 1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": " 1041", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": " 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": " 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": " The invading Normans and their descendants replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": " The invading Normans and their descendants replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Norman language became distinct from the Latin language, something that was the subject of some humour by Geoffrey Chaucer", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": " 1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": " 1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": " 1169", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": " the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": " the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": " 1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": " 1072", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Normans came into Scotland, building castles and founding noble families who would provide some future kings", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": " noble families who would provide some future kings", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "essor", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "essor", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "essor", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": " a long period of slow conquest", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "The legendary religious zeal of the Normans was exercised in religious wars long before the First Crusade", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "The legendary religious zeal of the Normans was exercised in religious wars long before the First Crusade", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": " de facto leader of the Crusade during its passage through Asia Minor. After the successful Siege of Antioch in 1097", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": " the successful Siege of Antioch in 1097", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": " 10", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "The conquest of Cyprus by the Anglo-Norman forces of the Third Crusade", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": " Acre. But a storm dispersed the fleet", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": ". Survivors of the wrecks had been taken prisoner by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos. On 1 May 119", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": " Acre. But a storm dispersed the fleet", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": " Acre. But a storm dispersed the fleet", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Various princes", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "Various princes", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": " silver chains", "56de41504396321400ee2714": " 1191", "56de41504396321400ee2715": " Berengaria of Navarre", "56de41504396321400ee2716": " 119", "56de48f34396321400ee2770": " 1489 that the Venetians acquired full control of the island, which remained a Christian stronghold until the fall of Famagusta in 1571", "56de48f34396321400ee2771": "The rapid Anglo-Norman conquest", "56de49564396321400ee277a": " 1402 and 14", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": " 1235 and 1245", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": " 1235 and 1245", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Norman architecture", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "Norman architecture", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": " a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": " a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": " a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": " the visual arts", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": " the visual arts", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "The French Wars of Religion in the 16th century and French Revolution", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "estry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "By far the most famous work of Norman art is the Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": " Tapestry", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": " metalwork, such as capitals and baptismal fonts", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "Normandy", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "Normandy", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": " Latin monastery at Sant'E", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": " 10 July 1856", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": " 10 July 18", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": " 10 July 1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": " 10 July 1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": " 10 July 1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": "Nikola Tesla (Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430; 10 July 18", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "ola Tesla", "56df9ee138dc421700152108": " 1884", "56df9ee138dc421700152109": " 1884", "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": " 1884", "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": " 1884", "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": " 1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": " 1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": " 1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": " 1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": " 1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": " 1884", "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution", "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "18", "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "18", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "18", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "18", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "18", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "121,154", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "121,154", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": " 7 January 1943. His work fell into relative obscurity", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "121,154", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": " 7 January 1943. His work fell into relative obscurity", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": " money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success.:121,154", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": "121,154", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "121,154", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": " patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success.:121,154", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": " whose father was also an Orthodox priest,:10 had a talent for making home craft tools", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": " whose father was also an Orthodox priest,:10 had a talent for making home craft tools", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": " whose father was also an Orthodox priest,:10 had a talent for making home craft tools", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": "Tesla was born on 10 July [O.S. 28", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": " 10 July [O.S. 28", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": " 10 July [O.S. 28", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": " 10 July [O.S. 28", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": " 10 July [O.S. 28", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": " whose father was also an Orthodox priest,:10 had a talent for making home craft tools", "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": "Tesla", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "Tesla", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "Tesla", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": "Tesla", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": "Tesla", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": "Tesla", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "Tesla", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": "Tesla", "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": " 1873", "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": " 1873", "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": " 1873", "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": " 1873", "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": " 1873", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": " 1873", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": " 1873", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": " 1873", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": " 1873", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": " 1873", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": " was bedridden", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": " was bedridden", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": " Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": " 18", "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": " 18", "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": " 18", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": " 18", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": " 18", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": " a nervous breakdown", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": " 18", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": " 18", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": " 18", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": " 18", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": " 18", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": " 18", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": " 18", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": " 18", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": " a nervous breakdown", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": " 24 March 18", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": " 24 March 18", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": " 24 March 18", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": " telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "Tesla was offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison Company's direct current generators", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": "Tesla was offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison Company", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "Tesla was offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison Company's direct current generators", "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "Tesla was offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison Company's direct current generators", "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "Tesla was offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison Company", "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "Tesla was offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison Company", "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": " electric lighting company in Tesla's name", "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": " Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. The company installed electrical arc light based illumination systems", "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": "After leaving Edison", "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": " electric lighting company in Tesla's name", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": "After leaving Edison", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": " Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": " electric lighting company", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": "After leaving Edison", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": " arc light based illumination systems", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": " a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": " a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": " a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": " a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": " a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": " a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": " a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": " a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": " a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": " the editor of Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin (", "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": " Westinghouse looked into getting a patent on a similar commutator-less, rotating magnetic field-based induction motor", "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": " Westinghouse had been trying to secure patents", "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": " publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": " Westinghouse looked into getting a patent", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": " publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": " publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": " Westinghouse looked into getting a patent on a similar commutator-less, rotating magnetic field-based induction motor", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": " Westinghouse had been trying to secure patents", "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": " $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e05900231d4119001ac051": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": " $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": " street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor", "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": " street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor", "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": " street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor", "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": " street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor", "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": " street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor", "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": " a constant speed, it would not work for street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor instead", "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "Tesla", "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "Tesla", "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor", "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "Tesla", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": "Tesla", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": "Tesla", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": "Tesla", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": " Exposition in Chicago", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": " Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars. This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": " Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars. This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": "voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp.:79", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": "voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp.:79", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": " Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars. This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": "voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp.:79", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": "voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp.:79", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp.:79", "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": " US and European companies", "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": " US and European companies", "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": " US and European companies", "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": " US and European companies", "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": " US and European companies", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": " Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": " US and European companies", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": " US and European companies", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": " Dean Adams", "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": " Westinghouse convinced Tesla to release his company from the licensing agreement over Tesla's AC patents", "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": " $200,000 in licenses and royalties", "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": " $200,000 in licenses and royalties", "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": " Westinghouse convinced Tesla to release his company from the licensing agreement over Tesla's AC patents", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": "The mid", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": " $200,000 in licenses and royalties", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": " $200,000 in licenses and royalties", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": " 30 July 18", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": " 30 July 18", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": " 30 July 18", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": " 30 July 18", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": " 30 July 18", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": " 30 July 18", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": " 1892 to 1894", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": " 1892 to 1894", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": " 1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": " 1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": " 1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": " 1892 to 1894", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": " 1894, Tesla began investigating what he referred to as radiant energy", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": " 1894", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": " 18", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": " 1894", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": " 18", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": " 18", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": " 1894", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": " 18", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": " 18", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": " no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": " no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": " no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "strahlung or braking radiation). In his research, Tesla devised several experimental setups to produce X-rays", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": " no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": " no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": " no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": " no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": "ray-producing devices", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": " AC systems", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": "At the beginning of 1893", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": "At the beginning of 1893", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": "Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": " 11", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": " an article on Tesla, in which he recalled an event that would occasionally take place while experimenting with his single-electrode vacuum tubes", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": " an article on Tesla, in which he recalled an event that would occasionally take place while experimenting with his single-electrode vacuum tubes", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": " sharp stinging pain where it entered his body, and again at the place where it passed out.\" In comparing these particles", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": "Tesla's theories on the possibility of the transmission by radio waves", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "Tesla's theories on the possibility of the transmission by radio waves", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "Tesla's theories on the possibility of the transmission by radio waves", "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": " electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": " electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": " electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": " electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": " electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": " the beginning of years of patent battles", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": " the beginning of years of patent battles", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": " the beginning of years of patent battles", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": " the beginning of years of patent battles", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": " the beginning of years of patent battles", "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": " The 1978 book Colorado Springs Notes, 1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": " The 1978 book Colorado Springs Notes, 1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": " 17", "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": " 17", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": "Tesla investigated atmospheric electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "Tesla investigated atmospheric electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "Tesla investigated atmospheric electricity", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": "He produced artificial lightning", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": " 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": " 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": " Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": " Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": " faulted a power station generator", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": " a power station generator", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": " a power station generator", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": " a power station generator", "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": " a letter to reporter Julian Hawthorne", "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": " a letter to reporter Julian Hawthorne", "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": " a letter to reporter Julian Hawthorne", "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": " a letter to reporter Julian Hawthorne", "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": " 8 December 1899", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": " Astor IV invested $", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": " Astor IV invested $", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": " Astor IV invested $", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": " Astor IV invested $", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": " 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": " 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": " 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": " 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904", "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "The Colorado experiments had prepared Tesla for the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe", "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "The Colorado experiments had prepared Tesla for the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe", "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": "The Colorado experiments had prepared Tesla for the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe near Shoreham", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": "Tesla later approached Morgan to ask for more funds", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": "Tesla later approached Morgan to ask for more funds", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": "Tesla later approached Morgan to ask for more funds", "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "adeless turbine. During 1910\u201319", "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": " bladeless turbine. During 1910\u201319", "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": " (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine. During 1910\u201319", "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": " bladeless turbine. During 1910\u201319", "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "Tesla invented a steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "Tesla invented a steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "Tesla invented a steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": " provisionally approved by then superintendent of New York City schools, William H. Maxwell", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": " provisionally approved by then superintendent of New York City schools, William H. Maxwell", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": "Tesla", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "Tesla theorized that the application of electricity", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": " $20,000 ($", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": " $20,000 ($", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": " $20,000 ($", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": " $20,000 ($", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": " $20,000 ($", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": " 1917 edition of the magazine Electrical Experimenter", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": "tremendous frequency,\" with the signal being viewed on a fluorescent screen", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "266", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": ".\":266", "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": " 6 November 1915, a Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": " 6 November 1915, a Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": " news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": " 6 November 1915, a Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": " $20,000 prize money.:245", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": " of 38 possible bids in 1937", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": " the years after these rumors, neither Tesla nor Edison won the prize (although Edison did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1915", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": " of 38 possible bids in 1937", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": " $1,000.:251", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": " $1,000.:251", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": " $1,000.:251", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": " $1,000.:251", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": " $", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": " $", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": " $", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": " $", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": " terrestrial distance", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": " terrestrial distance, a related new means of communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": " terrestrial distance, a related new means of communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": " terrestrial distance, a related new means of communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": " energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance, a related new means of communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": " question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid, only asking to be taken to his hotel via cab. Tesla was bedridden", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": " question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": " question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": " question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid, only asking to be taken to his hotel via cab. Tesla was bedridden", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": " a doctor\u2014an almost lifelong custom). Tesla didn't raise any question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": " press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": " press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": " press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": " press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": " press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "sten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage (by means akin to his magnifying transformer", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "sten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage (by means akin to his magnifying transformer", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": "sten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage (by means akin to his magnifying transformer", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": "sten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage (by means akin to his magnifying transformer", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "sten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage (by means akin to his magnifying transformer", "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": " treatise, The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": " treatise, The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": " The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": " The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media, concerning charged particle beam weapons", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": " The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media, concerning charged particle beam weapons", "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": " scrutinized, but the thieves, or spies, left empty-handed", "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": " scrutinized, but the thieves, or spies, left empty-handed", "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": " scrutinized, but the thieves, or spies, left empty-handed", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": " 7 January 1943, at the age of 86, Tesla died alone in room 33", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": " 7", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": "sback", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": " of 86, Tesla died alone in room 33", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": ".W. Wembly", "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": " Trump", "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": "Two days later, the FBI ordered the Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings, even though Tesla was an American citizen", "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": " Trump", "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": " Trump", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": " cremated. The following day, a second service was conducted by prominent priests in the Trinity Chapel (", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": " cremated. The following day, a second service was conducted by prominent priests in the Trinity Chapel (", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": " 10", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": " 10", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": " 10", "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": " gold-plated sphere", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": " gold-plated sphere", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": " gold-plated sphere", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": " gold-plated sphere", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": " gold-plated sphere", "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": "Tesla obtained around 300 patents worldwide", "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": " around 300 patents worldwide", "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "Tesla obtained around 300 patents worldwide", "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": "Tesla obtained around 300 patents worldwide", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": " social obligations. Tesla would then resume his work, often until 3:00 a.m.\":283, 286", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": " social obligations. Tesla would then resume his work, often until 3:00 a.m.\":283, 286", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": " social obligations. Tesla would then resume his work, often until 3:00 a.m.\":283, 286", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": "Tesla", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": " 8 to 10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": " 10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": "For exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": " 8 to 10 miles per day", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": " newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": " newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": " newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": " $", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": " $", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": " $", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": " $", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": " $", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": " 6 feet 2 inches (", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": "Tesla was 6 feet 2", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "Tesla was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": " 6 feet 2 inches (", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": " many works, memorizing complete books", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": " eight languages: Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin.:", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "Tesla read many works, memorizing complete books", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": " eight languages: Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin.:", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": " many works, memorizing complete books, and supposedly possessed a photographic memory.:33", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": " 301", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": " 301 On one occasion at his laboratory, Tesla worked for a period of 84 hours without sleep or rest.:208 Kenneth Swezey", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": " 301 On one occasion at his laboratory, Tesla worked for a period of 84 hours without sleep or rest.:208 Kenneth Swezey", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": " 301 On one occasion at his laboratory, Tesla worked for a period of 84 hours without sleep or rest.:208 Kenneth Swezey", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": " 301", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": " a reporter, \"Sometimes I feel that by not marrying, I made too great a sacrifice to my work ...\"", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "Tesla never married; he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "Tesla never married; he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": " Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": " Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": " Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": " Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": " Underwood Johnson", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": " Francis Marion Crawford, Robert Underwood Johnson, Stanford White, Fritz Lowenstein, George Scherff, and Kenneth Swezey", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": " Francis Marion Crawford, Robert Underwood Johnson, Stanford White, Fritz Lowenstein, George Scherff, and Kenneth Swezey", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": " Francis Marion Crawford, Robert Underwood Johnson, Stanford White, Fritz Lowenstein, George Scherff, and Kenneth Swezey", "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": " overweight people", "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "Tesla", "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": "Tesla could be harsh at times and openly expressed disgust for overweight people", "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": "Tesla could be harsh at times and openly expressed disgust for overweight people", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "Tesla exhibited a pre-atomic understanding of physics", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": "Tesla exhibited a pre-atomic understanding of physics", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": "Tesla exhibited a pre-atomic understanding of physics", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "Tesla exhibited a pre-atomic understanding of physics", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "Tesla was generally antagonistic towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "Tesla was generally antagonistic towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": "247", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": " 1892", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": " 1892", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": " 1892", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": " 1892", "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "Tesla, like many of his era, became a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": " a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": " 1937 interview", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "Tesla, like many of his era, became a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics", "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": " Tesla commented on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": " Tesla commented on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": " Tesla commented on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": " (20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": " printed article, \"Science and Discovery are the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War\" (20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": " (20 December 1914", "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": " Orthodox Christian", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": " Orthodox Christian", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": " Orthodox Christian", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": " his religious views remain uncertain", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": " uncertain", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": " his religious views remain uncertain", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": " My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": " My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": " My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": " The Century Magazine in 1900", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": " The Century Magazine in 1900", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": " The Century Magazine in 1900", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": "Tesla", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": "Tesla", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": "Tesla", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": " 75th birthday in 1931, Time magazine", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": " 75th birthday", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": " 70 pioneers in science and engineering, including Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": " 70 pioneers in science and engineering, including Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": " 70 pioneers in science and engineering, including Albert Einstein", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": " a computer, which is equivalent to stating that the problem may be solved by mechanical application", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "putational complexity theory", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used. The theory formalizes this intuition", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used. The theory formalizes this intuition", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used. The theory formalizes this intuition", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": " The theory formalizes this intuition", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used. The theory formalizes this intuition", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": " A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory is that the former is devoted to analyzing the amount of resources needed by a particular algorithm", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": " computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": " computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": " A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory is that the former is devoted to analyzing the amount of resources needed by a particular algorithm", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with a solution", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with a solution", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": " a solution", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with a solution", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": " a solution for every instance. The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": " most 10 km", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": " 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": " the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": " bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": " bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": " bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": " bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": " bitstrings must be suitably encoded. For example, integers can be represented in binary notation, and graphs can be encoded directly", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "Decision", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": " a special type of computational problem whose answer is either yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "Decision", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": " connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": " a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": " connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "A function", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": " computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": " decision problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "A function", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "A function problem", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": " problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": " problems", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": " In particular, larger instances will require more time to solve. Thus the time required to solve a problem (", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": " computational problem", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": " computational problem", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": " computational problem", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": " computational problem", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": " polynomial time algorithm", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": " polynomial time algorithm", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": " polynomial time algorithm", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": " polynomial time algorithm", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": " polynomial time algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "A Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "A Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": " manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "A deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "A deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": " random bits", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "ministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "A deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "Many types of Turing machines are used to define complexity classes, such as deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "Many types of Turing machines are used to define complexity classes, such as deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": " deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "tape Turing machines have been proposed in the literature, for example random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "Many machine models different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "tape Turing machines have been proposed in the literature, for example random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "Many machine models different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "eterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": " a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": " a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": " a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": " a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": " complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": " complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": " complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "Analogous definitions can be made for space requirements", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": " complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity (", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity (", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity (", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity (", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": " deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort.", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": " list", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": " list of integers that is given as the input.", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": " a particular algorithm", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": " a particular algorithm", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "To classify the computation time (", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": " a particular algorithm", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": " a particular algorithm", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": " constant factors and smaller terms. This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": " factors and smaller terms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": " factors and smaller terms. This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": " factors and smaller terms. This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": " some complexity classes have complicated definitions", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "Of course, some complexity classes have complicated definitions", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": " some complexity classes have complicated definitions", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "tape Turing machine", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "tape Turing machine", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": " bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f(n) often yields complexity classes that depend on the chosen machine model", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "tape Turing machine", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": " bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f(n) often yields complexity classes that depend on the chosen machine model", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": " In particular, although DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2), it would be interesting to know if the inclusion is strict", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": " DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2), it would be interesting to know if the inclusion is strict", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": " In particular, although DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2), it would be interesting to know if the inclusion is strict", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": " the complexity classes defined", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": " In particular, although DT", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space hierarchy theorems form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes. For instance, the time hierarchy theorem", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "The time and space hierarchy", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "The time and space hierarchy theorems form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes. For instance, the time hierarchy theorem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "Many complexity classes are defined using the concept of a reduction. A reduction is a transformation of one problem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "Many complexity classes are defined using the concept of a reduction. A reduction is a transformation of one problem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "Many complexity classes are defined using the concept of a reduction. A reduction is a transformation of one problem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Many complexity classes are defined using the concept of a reduction. A reduction is a transformation of one problem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": " problem", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": " the concept of a problem being hard for a complexity class. A problem X", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": " complexity class. A problem X", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": " a problem being hard for a complexity class. A problem X", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": " a problem being hard for a complexity class. A problem X", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "-time solution to \u03a0", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "-time solution to \u03a0", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": " a problem X", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": " a problem X", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "The complexity class P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "The complexity class P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "The complexity class P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "The complexity class P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "The complexity class P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "The question of whether P equals NP is one of the most important open questions in theoretical computer science", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "The question of whether P equals NP is one of the most important open questions in theoretical computer science", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "The question of whether P equals NP", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": " discrete logarithm problem", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": " NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems. The graph isomorphism problem", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": " discrete logarithm problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "The graph isomorphism problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "The graph isomorphism", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "The graph isomorphism", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "The graph isomorphism problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "The graph isomorphism problem", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "The integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer. Phrased as a decision problem", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "The integer factorization problem", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "The integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer. Phrased as a decision problem", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "The integer factorization problem", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "Many known complexity classes are suspected to be unequal", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": " (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed) of NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": " (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed) of NP", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "ithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P. Again, there are many complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": " complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": " logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": " many complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "arithmic space) is strictly contained in P", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": " intractable problems", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "Problems that can be solved in theory (", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": " intractable problems", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "What intractability means in practice is open to debate", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": " intractability means in practice is open to debate", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": " intractability means in practice is open to debate", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": " open to debate", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": " open to debate", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": " numerous foundations were laid out by various researchers. Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": " numerous foundations were laid out by various researchers. Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": " various researchers. Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing in 1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": " various researchers. Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing in 1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": " various researchers. Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": " Juris Hartman", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": " Juris Hartman", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": " Juris Hartmanis", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": " Juris Hartman", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": " Juris Hartmanis", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": " Turing machines", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1962", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": " Turing machines", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": " theorems regularly assume some concrete choice", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "theoretic theorems regularly assume some concrete choice of input encoding", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": " Blum developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": " an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": " Blum developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": " Blum developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": "The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": "The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": "The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": "The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": " craftsmanship or vocational training", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures. Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures. Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": " formal education can take place through home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": " formal education can take place through home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": " formal education can take place through home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": " schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": " formal education can take place through home schooling", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "igious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "igious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": "igious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "igious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": "chooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "chooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": "A teacher", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": " professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching. Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": " professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching. Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": " of bodies designed to instill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of teachers", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": " of bodies designed to instill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of teachers", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": "The functions of the teacher's colleges", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": "The functions of the teacher", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": "The functions of the teacher's colleges", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "The functions of the teacher", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": "The functions of the teacher's colleges", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": " student learning", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": " student learning", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": " student learning", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": " student learning", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": "The objective is typically accomplished through either an informal or formal approach to learning, including a course of study and lesson plan", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": "The objective is typically accomplished through either an informal or formal approach to learning, including a course of study and lesson plan", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": "The objective is typically accomplished through either an informal or formal approach to learning, including a course of study and lesson plan", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": "The objective is typically accomplished through either an informal or formal approach", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "The objective is typically accomplished through either an informal or formal approach", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": "Teaching using pedagogy", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "Teaching using pedagogy", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "Teaching using pedagogy", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": "Teaching using pedagogy", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": "Teaching using pedagogy", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": " school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": " the most significant difference between primary school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": " school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": " school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": " the most significant difference between primary school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": " alternative approaches for primary education do exist", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": " alternative approaches for primary education", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": " alternative approaches for primary education", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": " primary education", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": " alternative approaches for primary education", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "Co-teaching", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": "Co-teaching", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": " educational institutions", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": " new trend", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": " a new trend", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": " the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": " school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": " school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": " school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": " school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": " paddle", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": " paddle", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": " (though declining) degree in some public schools", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": " paddle", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": " paddle", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": " For details of individual countries see School corporal punishment", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": " For details of individual countries see School corporal punishment", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": " punishment, often by caning, remains commonplace in schools in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries. For details of individual countries see School corporal punishment", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": " a punishment essay", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": " a punishment essay", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": " a punishment essay", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": " a punishment essay", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": " a punishment essay", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": " school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of an assertive teacher", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": "A modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of an assertive teacher", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": " modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of an assertive teacher", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": " modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of an assertive teacher", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": " modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of an assertive teacher", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": " confrontational style of discipline.[", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": "\u2014in East Asia for instance\u2014", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": " the consensus viewpoint amongst the majority of academics, some teachers and parents advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline.[", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "\u2014in East Asia for instance\u2014", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": " classroom discipline and behavior is highly problematic", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": " classroom discipline and behavior is highly problematic", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": " classroom discipline and behavior is highly problematic", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": " classroom discipline and behavior is highly problematic", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": " 40 to 50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": " school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": " school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": " school class sizes are typically 40", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": " school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students", "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": " democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": " democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments", "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": " democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments", "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": " democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments", "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": " popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": " a positive learning experience towards the course materials", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": " teachers can affect how students perceive the course materials", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": " the course materials", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": "Since teachers can affect how students perceive the course materials", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm can lead to students who are more likely to be engaged, interested, energetic, and curious", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": " a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": "Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm can lead to students who are more likely to be engaged, interested, energetic, and curious", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm can lead to students who are more likely to be engaged, interested, energetic, and curious", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "Teachers", "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": " a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm", "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": " a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm", "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": " a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm", "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": " a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": " student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": " student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": "Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": " show more interest in courses taught by these teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": " stronger relations with teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive and will show more interest in courses taught by these teachers", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": "The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "isconduct by teachers", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "onduct by teachers", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "onduct by teachers", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "onduct by teachers", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": "onduct by teachers", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "A study in England showed a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional, a group that included priests, religious leaders, and case workers", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": " religious leaders, and case workers", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": " sexual abuse by any professional, a group that included priests, religious leaders, and case workers", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": " sexual abuse by any professional, a group that included priests, religious leaders, and case workers", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": " the United States especially, several high-profile cases such as Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": " increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "ates", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": " National Association of Schoolmasters", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": " National Association of Schoolmasters Union", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": " National Association of Schoolmasters Union", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "Teachers face several occupational hazards in their line of work", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "Teachers", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "Teachers face several occupational hazards in their line of work, including occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": "Teachers", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": "Teachers face several occupational hazards in their line of work, including occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": " A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": " UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": " A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": "A 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": "A 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": " school education", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": " school education", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": " school education", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": " school education", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": " school education", "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": "Education in Australia", "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": "Education in Australia", "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "Education in Australia", "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": " education in Australia follows the three-tier model which includes primary education", "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "Education in Australia", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": " public school which is funded by the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": "Teaching in Canada", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": "Teaching in Canada", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": " civil servants recruited in special university classes, called Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": " university classes, called Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": " university classes, called Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": "tstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": " university classes, called Lehramtstudien", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": " primary teachers", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": "8", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": " seniority (", "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": "Salaries for primary teachers", "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": " School teachers ranged from \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": " School teachers ranged from \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": " School teachers ranged from \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": " Secondary School teachers ranged from \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": " School teachers ranged from \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": " school teachers", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": " school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area and subject taught.[", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": " school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area and subject taught.[", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": " school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area and subject taught.[", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": " school teachers", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": " General Teaching Council for Scotland", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": " Council for Scotland", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": " General Teaching Council", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": " Scotland", "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "visional Registration\" is given by the GTCS", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": " \u00a332,583 after 6 years teaching, but could then go on to earn up to \u00a3", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": " Probationer, up to \u00a332,583 after 6 years teaching, but could then go on to earn up to \u00a3", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": " Probationer, up to \u00a332,583 after 6 years teaching, but could then go on to earn up to \u00a3", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": " Probationer", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": " \u00a332,583 after 6 years teaching, but could then go on to earn up to \u00a3", "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "Education in Wales", "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "Education in Wales", "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": " Welsh: in 2008/09, 22 per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction", "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "Education in Wales", "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "Education in Wales", "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": " NUT or NASUWT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": " NUT or NASUWT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions", "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": " NUT or NASUWT", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": " public schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": " public schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": " public schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": " public schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": " school", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": " $32,000. Median salaries for preschool teachers, however, were less than half the national median for secondary teachers, clock in at an estimated $", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": " improved rapidly", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": " improved rapidly in recent years", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": " $32,000. Median salaries for preschool teachers, however, were less than half the national median for secondary teachers, clock in at an estimated $", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": " the past, teachers have been paid relatively low salaries. However, average teacher salaries have improved rapidly in recent years", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": " are many forms of spiritual or religious teachers in Christianity, across all three major traditions - (Roman) Catholic, (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": " spiritual or religious teachers in Christianity", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": " are many forms of spiritual or religious teachers in Christianity, across all three major traditions - (Roman) Catholic, (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": " (Roman) Catholic, (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": " the spiritual teacher is known as a guru", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": " mentorship is extremely high, with gurus often exercising a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": " Hinduism the spiritual teacher is known as a guru", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": " Hinduism the spiritual teacher is known as a guru", "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": " Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama", "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": " Tibetan Buddhism", "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": " Tibetan Buddhism", "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": "owa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn", "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": " Tibetan Buddhism", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": " many concepts of teachers", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": " many concepts of teachers", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": " are many concepts of teachers in Islam", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": " many concepts of teachers in Islam", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": " are many concepts of teachers in Islam", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": " 10 November 1483", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": " 10 November 1483", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": " 10 November 1483", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "Martin Luther", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": "Martin Luther", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "His translation of the Bible", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "His translation of the Bible", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "His translation of the Bible", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "His translation of the Bible", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "His translation of the Bible", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": " 10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": " 10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "Martin Luther", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": " 10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": " 10 November 1483", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": " 1505", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": " 1505", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": " 1505", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": " 1505", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": " 1505", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": " was drawn to theology and philosophy", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": " a love-hate relationship with Aristotle", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": " was drawn to theology and philosophy", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": " was drawn to theology and philosophy", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": " a love-hate relationship with Aristotle", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": " closed Augustinian cloister in Erfurt on 17 July 150", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": " 2 July 150", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "He later attributed his decision to an event: on 2 July 150", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": " closed Augustinian cloister in Erfurt on 17 July 150", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": " Erfurt on 17 July 150", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": " Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": " the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\" Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": " Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": " the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\" Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": " \"I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\"", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": " 9 March 150", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": " 9 March 150", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": " 9 March 150", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": " 9 March 150", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": " 9 March 1508, and another bachelor's degree in the Sentences by Peter Lombard in 1509", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": " 19", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": " 19", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": " Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": " 19", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": " Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": " 15", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": " 15", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": " 1516, Johann Tetzel", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": " 1516, Johann Tetzel", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": " 1516, Johann Tetzel", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": " Thesis 86", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": " Hillerbrand", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": " Hiller", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": " Thesis 86", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": " Thesis 86", "56f80143aef2371900625d68": " Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d69": " a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "Luther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": " Tetzel", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": "He", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": "He", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": ".", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": "He", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": "He", "56f8046faef2371900625d71": " Tetzel was by no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d72": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d73": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d74": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": " Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": " Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": " Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": " Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": " Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", "56f8074faef2371900625d79": " Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press", "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": " Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press", "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": " Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them", "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": " Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press", "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": " Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": " 1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": " 1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": " 1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": " 1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": " 1519", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": " 1510 to 15", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": " 1510 to 15", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": " 1510 to 15", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": " 1510 to 15", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": " 1510 to 15", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "1524", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": "1524). Luther based his position on predestination on St. Paul's epistle to the Ephesians 2:8\u201310.", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": "1524). Luther based his position on predestination on St. Paul's epistle to the Ephesians 2:8\u201310.", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": "1524). Luther based his position on predestination on St. Paul's epistle to the Ephesians 2:8\u201310.", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": "1524). Luther based his position on predestination on St. Paul's epistle to the Ephesians 2:8\u201310.", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": " the foundation for the Reformation", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": " the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": " the foundation for the Reformation", "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": " the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": " Albrecht of Mainz", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": " Albrecht of Mainz", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": " Albrecht of Mainz", "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "Pope Leo X", "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": "Pope Leo X", "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "Pope Leo X", "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "Pope Leo X", "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "Pope Leo X", "56f81393aef2371900625da9": " 1415", "56f81393aef2371900625daa": " 1415", "56f81393aef2371900625dab": " 1415", "56f81393aef2371900625dac": " 1415", "56f81393aef2371900625dad": " 1415", "56f81537aef2371900625db3": " 15", "56f81537aef2371900625db4": " X on 3 January 1521", "56f81537aef2371900625db5": " X on 3 January 1521", "56f81537aef2371900625db6": " X on 3 January 1521", "56f81537aef2371900625db7": " 15", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": " 18 April 1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms. This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": "The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses fell to the secular authorities. On 18 April 15", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": " 18 April 1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses fell to the secular authorities", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "ohann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": "ohann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": "ohann Eck", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": "ohann Eck", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": "ohann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": " \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": " \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": " \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "At the end of this speech, Luther raised his arm \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": "lett", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "lett", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": "lett", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": "Luther", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": " 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": " 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": " 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": " 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": " 25 May 1521", "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "'s disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "uther's disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": "Luther's disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": "'s disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": " disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": " by nature, he explained, and God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 15", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": " All humans are sinners by nature, he explained, and God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 15", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": " by nature, he explained, and God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 15", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": " by nature, he explained, and God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 15", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": " All humans are sinners by nature, he explained, and God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 15", "56f84485aef2371900625f71": " 15", "56f84485aef2371900625f72": " 15", "56f84485aef2371900625f73": " 1521, Luther widened his target from individual pieties", "56f84485aef2371900625f74": " 1521, Luther widened his target from individual pieties", "56f84485aef2371900625f75": " 1521, Luther widened his target from individual pieties", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": " 1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": " 1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": " 1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": " 1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": " 1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy", "56f84760aef2371900625f81": " A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther", "56f84760aef2371900625f82": " A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther", "56f84760aef2371900625f83": " A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther", "56f84760aef2371900625f84": "ittenberg, of which he was kept fully informed. Andreas Karlstadt", "56f84760aef2371900625f85": "stadt", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": " 6 March 1522", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": " For eight days in Lent, beginning on Invocavit Sunday, 9", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": " 6 March 15", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": " For eight days in Lent, beginning on Invocavit Sunday, 9", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": " For eight days in Lent, beginning on Invocavit Sunday, 9", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "The effect of Luther's intervention", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "The effect of Luther's intervention was immediate. After the sixth sermon, the Wittenberg jurist Jerome Schurf", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "The effect of Luther's intervention", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "The effect of Luther's intervention", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "The effect of Luther", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": " conservative force within the Reformation", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": " conservative force", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": " By working alongside the authorities to restore public order", "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": " church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order", "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": " a battle against not only the established Church but also the radical reformers who threatened the new order by fomenting social unrest and violence", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": " 1524", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": " 1524", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": " 1524", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": " 1524", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": " 1524", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": " 1525", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": " 1525", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": " 1525", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": " 1525", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": " 1525", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": " three", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": " three grounds. First, in choosing violence over lawful submission", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": ":1\u20137 that all authorities are appointed by God and therefore should not be resisted. This reference from the Bible", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": " the foundation for the doctrine known as the Divine Right of Kings", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": ":1\u2013", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": " 15 May 1525", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": " 15 May 1525", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": " 15 May 1525", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": " 15 May 1525", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": " 15 May 1525", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": " Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "Martin Luther", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": " Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 15", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": " Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": " Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": " 13", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": " 13", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": " 13", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": " 13", "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": " religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt", "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": " religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt", "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": "Some priests and former religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt", "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": " religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt", "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": " religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": " 10 December 1527, who died within a few months; Magdalene \u2013 1529, who died in Luther's arms in 1542", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": "15", "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": " 10 December 1527, who died within a few months; Magdalene \u2013 1529, who died in Luther's arms in 1542", "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "1525\u201332", "56f8575aaef2371900626001": "15", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": " 15", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": "By 15", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": " 15", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": " 15", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": " 15", "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": "1528", "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": "1528", "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": "1528", "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": " extreme change", "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "1528", "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": " a German Mass, which he published in early 1526", "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": " a German Mass, which he published in early 1526", "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": " a German Mass, which he published in early 1526", "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": " German liturgy, Luther wrote a German Mass, which he published in early 1526", "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": " a German Mass, which he published in early 1526", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": " 1527", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": " 1527", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": " 1527", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": " 1527", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": " 1527", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": " 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": " 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": " 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": " 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": " 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "The catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "The catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": "The catechism is one of Luther's most personal works", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "The catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "The catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626053": " Small Catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626054": " Small Catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626055": " Small Catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626056": " Small Catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626057": " Small Catechism", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": " 1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": " 1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": " German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": " direct language to make the Bible accessible to everyday Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": " German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": " German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", "56f86e91aef2371900626067": "1525", "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "1525", "56f86e91aef2371900626069": "1525", "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "1525", "56f86e91aef237190062606b": "1525", "56f87000aef2371900626071": " hymn-writer", "56f87000aef2371900626072": ":11\u201312. Luther connected high art and folk music", "56f87000aef2371900626073": " hymn-writer", "56f87000aef2371900626074": ":11\u201312. Luther connected high art and folk music", "56f87000aef2371900626075": ":11", "56f8720eaef237190062608f": " 1875", "56f8720eaef2371900626090": " 1875", "56f8720eaef2371900626091": " 1875", "56f8720eaef2371900626092": " 1875", "56f8720eaef2371900626093": " 1875", "56f87392aef2371900626099": " hymn \"Wir glauben all an einen Gott\" (\"We All Believe in One True God\") is a three-stanza confession", "56f87392aef237190062609a": " 1525", "56f87392aef237190062609b": " 1524 creed", "56f87392aef237190062609c": " 1525", "56f87392aef237190062609d": " 1525", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": " 1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": " 15", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": " hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": " 1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": " 15", "56f87760aef23719006260cc": " 1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130", "56f87760aef23719006260cd": " 1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130", "56f87760aef23719006260ce": " 1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130", "56f87760aef23719006260cf": " 1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130", "56f87760aef23719006260d0": " 1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130", "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", "56f879bdaef23719006260df": " \"Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": " hymn", "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", "56f87e95aef237190062610a": " 1541", "56f87e95aef237190062610b": " 1541", "56f87e95aef237190062610c": " 1541", "56f87e95aef237190062610d": " 1541", "56f87e95aef237190062610e": " 1541", "56f88025aef237190062611e": " Reformation", "56f88025aef237190062611f": " Lutheran hymnals and spread the ideas of the Reformation", "56f88025aef2371900626120": " hymns were included in early Lutheran hymnals and spread the ideas of the Reformation", "56f88025aef2371900626121": " Reformation", "56f88025aef2371900626122": " hymns were included in early Lutheran hymnals and spread the ideas of the Reformation", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": " 1735 W\u00e4r Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit, BWV 14.", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": " hymns inspired composers to write music. Johann Sebastian Bach", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": " 1707", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": " 1707", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": " hymns inspired composers to write music. Johann Sebastian Bach", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "ments for the saints", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": " the views of John Calvin", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": " the views of John Calvin", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": "ments for the saints", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": " the views of John Calvin", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": " 1765", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": " 1765", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": " 1765", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": " Francis Blackburn", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": " 1765", "56f88c37aef2371900626176": " 15", "56f88c37aef2371900626177": " fourteen points out of fifteen, the exception being the nature of the Eucharist \u2013 the sacrament of the Lord's Supper\u2014", "56f88c37aef2371900626178": " fourteen points out of fifteen, the exception being the nature of the Eucharist \u2013 the sacrament of the Lord's Supper\u2014", "56f88c37aef2371900626179": " fourteen points out of fifteen, the exception being the nature of the Eucharist \u2013 the sacrament of the Lord's Supper\u2014", "56f88c37aef237190062617a": " fourteen points out of fifteen, the exception being the nature of the Eucharist \u2013 the sacrament of the Lord's Supper\u2014", "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolamp", "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolamp", "56f8907faef23719006261b2": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession", "56f8907faef23719006261b3": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession", "56f8907faef23719006261b4": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession", "56f8907faef23719006261b5": " 1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b6": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession", "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": "ohse", "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": "Some scholars have asserted that Luther", "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": " a different reality in Luther", "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": "ohse", "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": "ohse", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": " 15", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": " 1526, he argued in Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace that national defence is reason for a just war", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": " 1526, he argued in Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace that national defence is reason for a just war", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": "At the time of the Marburg Colloquy", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": " 1526, he argued in Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace that national defence is reason for a just war", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": " 1526, he argued in Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace that national defence is reason for a just war", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": " 1537, Johannes Agricola (1494\u2013", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": " 1537, Johannes Agricola (1494\u2013", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": "1494\u2013", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": " 1537, Johannes Agricola (1494\u2013", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": " 15", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": " theses", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": " disputations against the antinomians, Luther", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": " theses", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": " theses", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": " theses", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": " Commandments, which a Christian should follow in his or her vocations on a daily basis", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": " the other hand, Luther", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": " the other hand, Luther", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": " the other hand, Luther", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": " Commandments, which a Christian should follow in his or her vocations on a daily basis", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": "The Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": "The Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": "The Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": " a good, strong lie\"", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": " strong lie\" and deny the marriage completely, which Philip did during the subsequent public controversy. In the view of Luther's biographer Martin Brecht", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": " 1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": " 1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": " 1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": " 1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": " 1543", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": " 1537", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": " 15", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": " 15", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": " 15", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": " 15", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": " the most widely read author of his generation, and within Germany he acquired the status of a prophet", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": " the most widely read author of his generation, and within Germany he acquired the status of a prophet", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": " the most widely read author of his generation, and within Germany he acquired the status of a prophet", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": " the most widely read author of his generation, and within Germany he acquired the status of a prophet", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": " the most widely read author of his generation, and within Germany he acquired the status of a prophet", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": " 17", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": " 17", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": " 17", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": " 17", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": " 17", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": "cht", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": " racial antisemitism of the Nazis", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": " racial antisemitism of the Nazis", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": " racial antisemitism of the Nazis", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": " racial antisemitism of the Nazis", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": " Berger", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": " Berger", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": " Berger", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": " Berger", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": " Berger", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": "Some scholars, such as Mark U. Edwards", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": "Some scholars, such as Mark U. Edwards", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "Some scholars, such as Mark U. Edwards", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "Some scholars, such as Mark U. Edwards", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "Some scholars, such as Mark U. Edwards", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "men", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": "men", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": " the least prejudiced toward Jews", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": " the least prejudiced toward Jews", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": " 1531 to 15", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": " 1531 to 15", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": " 1531 to 15", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": " 1531 to 15", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": " 1531 to 15", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": " 1545 and 15", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": " 1545 and 15", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": " 1545 and 15", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": " 1545 and 15", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": " 1545 and 15", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": " 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": " 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": " 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": " 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": " 1546", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": " a third visit was needed in early 1546", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": " final journey, to Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": " a third visit was needed in early 1546", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": " Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": " final journey, to Mansfeld", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": " 17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": "The negotiations were successfully concluded on 17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": "The negotiations were successfully concluded on 17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "The negotiations were successfully concluded on 17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": " 17 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": "ctic stroke", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": " 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": " 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": " 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": " 18 February 1546", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "A piece of paper", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": "A piece of paper", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": " paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": "1546", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": " the 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size were crucial to the spread of Protestantism", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "1546", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": "1546", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "1546", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": " 18", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": " 18", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": " 18", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": " 18", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": " 18 February", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": " SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "Southern California", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": " SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": " SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": " California", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "The 8-", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": " 8", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Southern California", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "Thousand Oaks\u2013Ventura metropolitan area; the Santa Barbara metro area", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "Southern California", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "Southern California", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "Southern California", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": " the Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": " the east is the Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": " the east is the Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": " the Colorado Desert", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": " San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": " two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": " two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": " two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "6", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "Its counties of Los Angeles", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": " Riverside", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "boarder Tony Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "boarder Tony Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": " skateboarder Tony Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": " skateboarder Tony Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": " skateboarder Tony Hawk", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": " and tourists frequent the southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city of Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "Many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city of Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": " resort feel", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": " and tourists frequent the southern California coast for its popular beaches", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": " Geographically, California's north-south midway point lies at exactly 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": " 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": " Geographically, California's north-south midway point lies at exactly 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": " Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": " Geographically, California's north-south midway point lies at exactly 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": " Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": " Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": " Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": " Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": " Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": " 1859", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": ", the Pico Act of 1859", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": " 1859", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": " 1859", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": " 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": " the Los Angeles Times defined southern California", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": " a newer county\u2014Imperial\u2014", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": " a newer county\u2014Imperial\u2014", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": " a newer county", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": " In 1999, the Times added a newer county\u2014Imperial\u2014", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": " suburban communities and use of automobiles", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": " suburban communities and use of automobiles", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": " suburban communities and use of automobiles", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": " suburban communities and use of automobiles", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "Southern California", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": " Interstate 215", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": " Interstate 5", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": " Interstate 215", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Traveling south on Interstate 5", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": " Interstate 5", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": " a bit warm or mild", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": " a bit warm or mild", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": " a bit warm or mild", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": " a bit warm or mild", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": " a bit warm or mild", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Southern California", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "numbering other major regions in the state and country. The region spans from Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "Southern California", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Southern California", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "Southern California", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": " $", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": " $", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": " Northridge earthquake was particularly destructive, causing a substantial number of deaths, injuries, and structural collapses", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": " $", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": " $", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": " faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": " a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": " Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone. The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": " USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": " earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "Southern California", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "Southern California", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "Southern California", "570603c475f01819005e7882": " of 22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.", "570603c475f01819005e7883": " a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.", "570603c475f01819005e7884": " a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.", "570603c475f01819005e7885": " a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.", "570603c475f01819005e7886": " a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "Southern California", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "Southern California", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "Southern California", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern California", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "Southern California", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "7", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": " Angeles", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "'s economy is diverse and one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "'s economy is diverse and one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "Southern California", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": " petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": " petroleum", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": ".S., cattle and citrus were major industries", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": " the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": " the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "Since the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": " the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": " districts (", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Southern California", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Southern California", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": " the Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach. Los Angeles itself", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": " Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach. Los Angeles itself", "57060cc352bb891400689810": " Glendale and Downtown Long Beach. Los Angeles itself", "57060cc352bb891400689811": " Glendale and Downtown Long Beach. Los Angeles itself", "57060df252bb891400689820": "iverside area", "57060df252bb891400689821": "The San Bernardino-Riverside area", "57060df252bb891400689822": "iverside area", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "Orange County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Orange County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "Orange County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": " County", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Downtown San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "Downtown San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Downtown San Diego", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Southern California", "570610b275f01819005e792b": "Southern California", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "Southern California", "570610b275f01819005e792d": "Southern California", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Southern California", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Six", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Six", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": " commuter rail system, Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Six", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Southern California", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Southern California", "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern California", "5706139252bb891400689864": " Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689865": " Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689866": " Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689867": " Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689868": " Tech Coast", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS", "5706149552bb891400689880": " two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689881": " were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689882": " were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689883": " two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689884": " were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "College sports are also popular in southern California", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "College sports are also popular in southern California", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "College sports are also popular in southern California", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "College sports are also popular in southern California", "5706155352bb891400689894": " school sport", "5706155352bb891400689895": " school sport", "5706155352bb891400689896": " school sport", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "Formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "Formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": " BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "Formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": " BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": " \u00a31.3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid \u00a3", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": " \u00a31.3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid \u00a3", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": " \u00a31.3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid \u00a3", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": " \u00a31.3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid \u00a3", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": " Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV'", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": " BSkyB had been excluded from being a part of the ONdigital consortium, thereby making them a competitor by default", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": " Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV'", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": " Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV'", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": " Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV'", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": " charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": " charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": " subscription fees for using a Sky+ PVR with their service", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": " charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "ky", "57094d489928a8140047150a": " VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", "57094d489928a8140047150b": " VideoGuard decoders", "57094d489928a8140047150c": " VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", "57094d489928a8140047150d": "Guard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Guard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": " Telewest resulted in Virgin Media removing the basic channels from the network", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": " 1 March 2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": " BSkyB and Virgin Media became involved in a dispute over the carriage of Sky channels", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": " 1 March 2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": " 1 March 2007", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "view in April 2007", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "view in April 2007", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "view in April 2007", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "view in April 2007", "57096505ed30961900e84082": " 18", "57096505ed30961900e84083": " 18", "57096505ed30961900e84084": " 18", "57096505ed30961900e84085": " 18", "57096505ed30961900e84086": " 18", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": " Movies and Sky Box Office channels including optional Dolby Digital soundtracks for recent films, although these are only accessible with a Sky+ box", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "BSky", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "ky", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "ky", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "ky", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": " Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": " Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": " Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": " Digital was launched", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": " Digital was launched", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": " BSkyB was having supply issues with its set top box", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "BSkyB", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": " BSkyB was having supply issues with its set top box (", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "BSkyB", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "BSkyB", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": " 8", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": " 8", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": " 8", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": " 8", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": " BSkyB will be forced to shelve plans to withdraw its channels from Freeview and replace them with subscription channels, due to possible lost advertising revenue", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "air and unencrypted", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "air and unencrypted", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": " Ku band LNB", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "9.", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "9.75/10.600 GHz) which is fitted at the end of the dish", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": " \u00a318m to \u00a3", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": " \u00a318m to \u00a3", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": " \u00a3", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": " \u00a318m to \u00a3", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": " \u00a318m to \u00a3", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": " an enforced part of their operating licence from Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": " open access being an enforced part of their operating licence from Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": " Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": " \u00a315\u2013100,000. Third-party channels which opt for encryption receive discounts ranging from reduced price to free EPG entries", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": " \u00a315\u2013100,000. Third-party channels which opt for encryption receive discounts ranging from reduced price to free EPG entries", "57097051ed30961900e84132": " over 100,000 digiboxes had been sold, which help bolstered BSkyB's decision to give away free digiboxes", "57097051ed30961900e84133": " over 100,000 digiboxes had been sold", "57097051ed30961900e84134": " over 100,000 digiboxes had been sold, which help bolstered BSkyB's decision to give away free digiboxes", "57097051ed30961900e84135": " over 100,000 digiboxes had been sold, which help bolstered BSkyB's decision to give away free digiboxes", "57097051ed30961900e84136": " digital service was officially launched", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": " 30 November 2006 until 30 July 2009 it only carried one linear HD channel", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": " Media (re-branded in 2007 from NTL:Telewest) started to offer a high-definition television (HDTV) capable set top box", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Telewest) started to offer a high-definition television (HDTV) capable set top box", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "Telewest) started to offer a high-definition television (HDTV) capable set top box", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Telewest) started to offer a high-definition television (HDTV) capable set top box", "57097b50200fba140036804d": " 10", "57097b50200fba140036804e": " 10", "57097b50200fba140036804f": " 10 million homes", "57097b50200fba1400368050": " 10", "57097b50200fba1400368051": " 10", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "The Daily Mail", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": " Mail", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "The Daily Mail", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": " Mail", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "The Daily Mail newspaper", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of \u00a330m for the channels with both channel suppliers able to secure additional capped payments", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of \u00a3", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of \u00a330m for the channels with both channel suppliers able to secure additional capped payments", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of \u00a3", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": " \u00a330m for the channels with both channel suppliers able to secure additional capped payments", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "The economy of Victoria is highly diversified", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "The economy of Victoria is highly diversified", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "The economy of Victoria is highly diversified", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "The economy of Victoria is highly diversified", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "The economy of Victoria is highly diversified", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": " 1854", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": " 1854", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": " 1857", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": " 1854", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": " 1854", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": " five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": " five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": " Legislative Council elections were held", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": " Legislative Council elections were held", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": " Legislative Council elections were held", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "The centre-left Australian Labor Party (", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "The centre-left Australian Labor Party", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "The centre-left Australian Labor Party", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "The centre-left Australian Labor Party", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "The centre-left Australian Labor Party (", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": " 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": " a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": " densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": " a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": " a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": " densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": " 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": " 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": " 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": " 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": " 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": " A further 6,000 square kilometres (", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": " A further 6,000 square kilometres (", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": " A further 6,000 square kilometres (", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": " 26,000 square kilometres (", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": " 26,000 square kilometres (", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": " written constitution enacted in 1975, but based on the 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": " February 2009", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": " February 2009", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": " February 2009", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": " February 2009", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": " 21st century will mean that Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": " 21st century will mean that Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": " 21st century will mean that Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": " Holden", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": " Holden", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "000 m (", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "sland in the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas which rise to almost 2,000 m (", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "000 m (", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "sland in the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas which rise to almost 2,000 m (", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "ippsland in the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas which rise to almost 2,000 m (", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": " 13 June 1965", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "The Victorian Alps", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": " 13 June 1965", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": " public railway operators", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Rail transport in Victoria is provided by several private and public railway operators who operate over government-owned lines. Major operators include: Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Rail transport", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "Rail transport in Victoria", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "Rail transport in Victoria is provided by several private and public railway operators who operate over government-owned lines. Major operators include: Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": " gold records were produced", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": " 1 July 18", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": " gold records were produced", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": " gold records were produced", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": " gold records were produced", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": " 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": " 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": " 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools, and just over 311,800 in private schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": " 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": " 489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "$109 million. Blacklipped", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": " freight operators", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": " freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system. Victorian", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": " freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system. Victorian", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": " freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system. Victorian", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": " freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system. Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": " 1803", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": " 1803", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": " 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": " 1803", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": " 1855", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": " Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": " Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": " Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": " 1855", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": " public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet consists of representatives elected to either house of parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "The Premier of Victoria", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": " public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet consists of representatives elected to either house of parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "The Premier of Victoria", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": " $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": " $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": " $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": " $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": " $8.7 billion", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": " a big part in tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": " a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": " 1562 to 1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": " 1562 to 1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": " 1562 to 1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": " 1562 to 1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": " 1562 to 1598", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": " 1532", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": " 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": " 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": " 1532", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": " 1532", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": " 15", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": " 1598", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": " 1622", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": " 1598", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": " 1671", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": " 1671", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": " 1671", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": " 1671", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": " 1671", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": " 1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": " 1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": " 1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": " 1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": " 1624", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": " 16", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": " 16", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": " 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": " 16", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": " 16", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "Stadtholder William III", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "Stadtholder William III", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": " the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": " the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": " the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "1685", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "1685", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "1685", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church in France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "The Catholic Church in France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "The Catholic Church in France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "The Catholic Church in France", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "The Catholic Church in France", "57108073b654c5140001f927": " 16", "57108073b654c5140001f926": " three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out", "57108073b654c5140001f928": " A series of three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "By 16", "57108073b654c5140001f925": " 16", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "roximately one million", "57108198b654c5140001f938": " A diaspora of French Australians", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Approximately one million Protestants in modern France represent some 2% of its population. Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "Approximately one million Protestants in modern France represent some 2% of its population. Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "Approximately one million Protestants", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "Huguenot", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": " different parts of the country", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "Huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "Huguenot", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "enot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": " 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": " 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": " 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": " 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": " 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": " 1560", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": " 1560", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": " 15", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": " 1560", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": " 15", "571090abb654c5140001f995": " Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f996": " Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f997": " Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f998": " Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f999": " Turnagain Lane", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": " 1696", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": " 1696", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": " 1696", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": " 1696", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": " 1696", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "The exodus of Huguenots from France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "The exodus of Huguenots", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "The exodus of Huguenots from France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "The exodus of Huguenots from France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": " 1759-60", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": " 1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": " 1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "The revocation", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "The revocation", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "The revocation", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "The revocation", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": " 1555", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": " wine industry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": " wine industry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": " wine industry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": " wine industry", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Paul Revere", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Paul Revere", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": " 1844", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Paul Revere", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": " 19th century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "uenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "uenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": " 19th century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": " 1806", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": " By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": " By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": " 1806", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": " By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": " Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": " Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": " 17", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": " Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": " 17", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": " 1564 a group of Norman Huguenots under the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": " 1564 a group of Norman Huguenots under the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": " 1564 a group of Norman Huguenots under the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": " 1564 a group of Norman Huguenots under the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": " 1564 a group of Norman Huguenots under the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": " 15", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": " 15", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": " 15", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": " 15", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": " 15", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": " 17", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": " 17", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": " 17", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": " 17", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": " 17", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "1568", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "1568", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "1568", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "1568", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": " estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": " estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "enots fled to England", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": " estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": " estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": " Nantes", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": " the French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": " Nantes", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": " linen industry", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": " the French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": " 1604", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": " Cond\u00e9", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": " Cond\u00e9", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": " 1604", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": " noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": " noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": " noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": " noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": " noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": " 1455", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": " 1455\u20131536). The Gallicans", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": " 1455", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": " 1455", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": " 1455", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "olomew's Day Massacre of 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": " 24 August \u2013 3 October 15", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": " of 24 August \u2013 3 October 15", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": " what became known as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": " what became known as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": " 1643", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": " 1643", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": " 1643", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": " 1643", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": " 1643", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "New Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "New Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "New Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": " Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "New Rochelle", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": " the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "uenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": " (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "uenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": " Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "uenot refugees in the Netherlands", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": " Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": " Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": " the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "uenot refugees in the Netherlands", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": " 1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": " 1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": " 1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "The French Protestant Church of London", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": " 1724", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": ". 13", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": ". 13", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": ". 13", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": ". 13", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": ". 13", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "Steam engines", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Steam engines", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "Steam engines", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "Steam engines", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "Steam engines", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": " 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": " 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": " 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": " 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": " 1712", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": " 18", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "The Rankine cycle", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "The Rankine cycle", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": " multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": " multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": " multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": " multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": " multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": " valve gears", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": " valve gears", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": " valve gears", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": " fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": " fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": " fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": " 18", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": " 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": " 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": " 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": " 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": " 1551", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "The history of the steam engine", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "The history of the steam engine", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "The history of the steam engine", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": " 1606", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": " 20th century, when advances in the design of electric motors and internal combustion engines gradually resulted in the replacement of reciprocating (piston) steam engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": " expansion engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": " steam in to successively larger cylinders to accommodate the higher volumes at reduced pressures, giving improved efficiency. These stages were called expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": " 20th century, when advances in the design of electric motors and internal combustion engines gradually resulted in the replacement of reciprocating (piston) steam engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": " steam in to successively larger cylinders to accommodate the higher volumes at reduced pressures, giving improved efficiency. These stages were called expansions", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "The final major evolution of the steam engine design was the use of steam turbines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "The final major evolution of the steam engine", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "The final major evolution of the steam engine", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "The final major evolution of the steam engine", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "The final major evolution of the steam engine", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "The heat required for boiling the water", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "The heat required for boiling the water", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "The heat required for boiling the water", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "The heat required for boiling the water", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "The most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines is the steam engine indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "The most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines is the steam engine indicator. Early versions were in use by 1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": " railway work, the pistons are connected to the cranks", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": " railway work", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": " railway work", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": " valves", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": " steam by opening and closing steam ports communicating with the cylinder end(s) and are driven by valve gear, of which there are many types.[", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": " steam by opening and closing steam ports communicating with the cylinder end(s) and are driven by valve gear, of which there are many types.[", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": " steam by opening and closing steam ports communicating with the cylinder end(s) and are driven by valve gear, of which there are many types.[", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": " steam by opening and closing steam ports communicating with the cylinder end(s) and are driven by valve gear, of which there are many types.[", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "Uniflow", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "Uniflow", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "Uniflow", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle can operate as a closed loop system", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle can operate as a closed loop system", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle can operate as a closed loop system", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle can operate as a closed loop system", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": " Rankine cycle is often used as a bottoming cycle", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": " Rankine cycle", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": " about 63% compared with an actual efficiency of 42% for a modern coal-fired power station", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": " about 63% compared with an actual efficiency of 42% for a modern coal-fired power station", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": " (compared with a gas turbine) is why the Rankine cycle is often used as a bottoming cycle", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "ors", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Steam engines can be said to have been the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": " steam-powered farm tractors", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "Steam engines", "571153422419e3140095557d": "Trevithick", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Trevithick continued his own experiments using a trio of locomotives", "571153422419e3140095557f": "Trevithick", "571153422419e31400955580": "Trevithick continued his own experiments using a trio of locomotives", "571153422419e31400955581": " 1808", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": " 1804", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": " 1804", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": " 1804", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": " 1804", "571154c72419e31400955587": "The main use for steam turbines", "571154c72419e31400955588": "The main use for steam turbines is in electricity generation", "571154c72419e31400955589": "The main use for steam turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "The main use for steam turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "The main use for steam turbines is in electricity generation", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "The Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "The Rankine cycle is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine", "571155ae2419e31400955594": " Rankine cycle is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine. The cycle is an arrangement of components as is typically used for simple power production", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "The Rankine cycle is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine", "571156152419e3140095559b": "The historical measure of a steam engine", "571156152419e3140095559f": "The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency", "571156152419e3140095559e": "The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency", "571156152419e3140095559d": "The historical measure of a steam engine", "571156152419e3140095559c": "The historical measure of a steam engine", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": " 20th century", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "Reciprocating piston", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "The first commercial steam-powered device was a water pump, developed in 1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "The first commercial steam-powered device was a water pump, developed in 1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "The first commercial steam-powered device was a water pump, developed in 1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "The first commercial steam-powered device was a water pump, developed in 1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "The first commercial steam-powered device was a water pump, developed in 1698", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": " 1802", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": " 1802", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": " 1802", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": " 1802", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": " 1802", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": " the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": " the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": " commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": " AB", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": " commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "The centrifugal governor was adopted by James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "The centrifugal governor was adopted by James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": " 1788", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "The centrifugal governor was adopted by James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "The centrifugal governor was adopted by James Watt", "57115e532419e314009555af": "The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "The simplest valve gears", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "The simplest valve gears", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "The simplest valve gears", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "The simplest valve gears give events of fixed length during the engine cycle and often make the engine rotate in only one direction. Most however have a reversing mechanism", "57115f652419e314009555b9": " 1606", "57115f652419e314009555ba": " 1606", "57115f652419e314009555bb": " 1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": " 1606", "57115f652419e314009555bd": " 1606", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": " steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "ller-", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": " steam turbine", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": " steam turbine", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "ller-", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": " engines or electric motors", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "The weight of boilers", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "The weight of boilers and condensers generally makes the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant lower than for internal combustion engines", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "The weight of boilers and condensers generally makes the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant lower than for internal combustion engines", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "The weight of boilers and condensers generally makes the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant lower than for internal combustion engines", "571161092419e314009555d7": " Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": " rotary engine such as the Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d9": " Wankel engine", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "The next major step occurred when James Watt developed (1763\u2013", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "The next major step occurred when James Watt developed (1763\u201317", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "1763\u2013", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "The next major step occurred when James Watt developed (1763\u2013", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "1763\u2013", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": " lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": " lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": " lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": " lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "Steam engines", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": " 1849", "5711628a2419e314009555de": " 1849", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": " 1849", "5711628a2419e314009555df": " 1849", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": " 1849", "571163172419e314009555e7": "The steam engine", "571163172419e314009555e8": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", "571163172419e314009555e9": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", "571163172419e314009555ea": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", "571163172419e314009555eb": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": " entry temperatures approaching 1500 \u00b0C. Nonetheless, the efficiencies of actual large steam cycles and large modern gas turbines are fairly well matched.[", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": " Rankine cycle holds over others is that during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": " entry temperatures approaching 1500 \u00b0C. Nonetheless, the efficiencies of actual large steam cycles and large modern gas turbines are fairly well matched.[", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": " By condensing the fluid, the work required by the pump consumes only 1% to 3% of the turbine power", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": " screw stoking mechanism", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": " screw stoking mechanism", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": " screw stoking mechanism", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": " screw stoking mechanism", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": " screw stoking mechanism", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": " liners. HMS Dreadnought of 1905", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": " engines", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": " steam engines", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": " steam engines", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "nought of 1905", "571166352419e314009555f1": " railroad locomotives were manufactured", "571166352419e314009555f2": " railroad locomotives were manufactured", "571166352419e314009555f3": " railroad locomotives were manufactured", "571166352419e314009555f4": " nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f5": " freight operations in Sweden", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "The Rankine cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": " Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "Oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "Oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "ioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2. Diatomic oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": " 8.", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": " 8.", "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", "571bb2269499d21900609caa": " a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It", "571bb2269499d21900609cab": "Oxygen", "571bb2269499d21900609cad": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", "571bb2269499d21900609cac": "Oxygen", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": " 8", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": " 8. It", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": " 8. It", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": " 8", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "Many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": " cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O\n3), strongly absorbs UVB radiation", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "Many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "Many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": " cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "Many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, contain oxygen", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "1641\u2013", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "1641", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "1641\u2013", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641\u2013", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "1641", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "1641\u2013", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "1641\u2013", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "1641\u2013", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "1641", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": " Priestley published his findings in 1775 in a paper titled \"An Account of Further Discoveries in Air\"", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": " 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": " 1775", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": " 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": " 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": " 17", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": " 17", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": " 17", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": " 1775", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": " Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": " the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": " the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": " Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "ly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "getically. Steel pipes", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "getically. Steel pipes", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": " Steel pipes", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "getically. Steel pipes", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": " Steel pipes", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": " Steel pipes", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": " Steel pipes", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": " pipes", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "Oxygen", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "gen", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "Oxygen is present in the atmosphere", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": " (CO\n2). The Earth's crust", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": " (CO\n2). The Earth's crust", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "Oxygen", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "Oxygen", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "Oxygen", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": " 18", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": " 18", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": " 1805, Joseph Louis Gay", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": " 1805, Joseph Louis Gay", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": " Dalton", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "ly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "ustible substances that corrode, such as iron, contained very little. Air did not play a role in phlogiston theory", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "ioxygen, the two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other. The bond can be variously described based on level of theory", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "ioxygen, the two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other. The bond can be variously described based on level of theory", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": " dioxy", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "ioxygen, the two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other. The bond can be variously described based on level of theory", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": " dioxygen, the two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other. The bond can be variously described based on level of theory", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": " 1777", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": " 1777", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": " 1773", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": " 1777", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": " 1777", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": " filled \u03c0* orbitals in the diagram), orbitals that are of equal energy\u2014i.e., degenerate\u2014", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": " dioxygen's double bond character and reactivity, and a triplet electronic ground state", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": " a triplet electronic ground state", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "t electronic ground state", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": " electron configuration with two unpaired electrons", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": " 1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": " 1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": " 1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": " 1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": " 1777", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "Trioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": " common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen, O\n2", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": " 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": " 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": " 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": " 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": " O\n2", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": " O\n2", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": " approximately 1 molecule of dissolved O\n2", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": " O\n2", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": " O\n2", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": " biosphere", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": " most abundant chemical element by mass in the Earth's biosphere", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": " About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "gen is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": " most abundant chemical element by mass", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": " March 29, 1883", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": " March 29, 1883", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": " March 29", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": " March 29", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": " March 29, 1883", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "afer", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "afer", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "afer", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "afer", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "afer", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": " oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "aleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "ologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": " have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "noise ratio and the physical structure of vegetation; but it has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring the carbon cycle from satellites", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": " 760 nm. Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "Oxygen", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "Oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": " the triple", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": " triplet form, O\n2 molecules are paramagnetic", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": " O\n2", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": " O\n2", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": " O\n2 molecules are paramagnetic", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "oxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "Reactive oxygen species", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "oxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "Reactive oxygen species", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "Reactive oxygen species", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": " light sky-blue color", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": " light sky-blue color", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "Oxygen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": " light sky-blue color", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": ".79 \u00b0C, \u2212361.82 \u00b0F). Both liquid and solid O\n2 are clear substances with a light sky-blue color", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": " (see Physical properties) has important implications for ocean life", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "Free oxygen", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "Free oxygen", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "Free oxygen", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "Free oxygen", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": " atmosphere", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": " atmosphere", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "Free oxygen gas was almost nonexistent in Earth's atmosphere", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": " atmosphere", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": " oxygen gas was almost nonexistent in Earth's atmosphere", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": " oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": " oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth is the result of the oxygen cycle. This bio", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "The other major method of producing O\n2", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "The other major method of producing O\n2 gas", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "The other major method of producing O\n2", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "The other major method of producing O\n2", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": " a gas stream that is 90% to 93% O\n2", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "Oxygen gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "Oxygen gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": " through electrolysis", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "Oxygen gas", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": " placebo effect is a more likely explanation. Available studies support a performance boost from enriched O\n2 mixtures only", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": " mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use in oxygen bars", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": " mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use in oxygen bars", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": " mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use in oxygen bars", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": " mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use in oxygen bars", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": " monoxide from the heme group", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": " some heart disorders", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": " some heart disorders", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": " many types of diseased lungs", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": " O\n2", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": " O\n2", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": " metal than the chemical formula would show. For example, the mineral FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": " metal than the chemical formula would show. For example, the mineral FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": " oxide that passivates the metal and slows further corrosion. Many oxides of the transition metals are non-stoichiometric compounds", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": " metal than the chemical formula would show. For example, the mineral FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": " metal than the chemical formula would show. For example, the mineral FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft sometimes have supplemental O\n2 supplies", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "2", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft sometimes have supplemental O\n2 supplies", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "Oxygen storage", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "Oxygen storage methods include high pressure oxygen tanks", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "Oxygen storage methods include high pressure oxygen tanks", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "Oxygen storage methods include high pressure oxygen tanks", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "Oxygen storage methods include high pressure oxygen tanks", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": " the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen are (where \"R\" is an organic group): alcohols (R-", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": " the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen are (where \"R\" is an organic group): alcohols (R-", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": " the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "hydrides (R-CO-O-CO-R); and amides (R-C(O)-NR\n2", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "hydrides (R-CO-O-CO-R); and amides (R-C(O)-NR\n2", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "The element is found", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "olecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "olecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "olecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "The element is found in almost all biomolecules that are important to (", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": " O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": " the lungs", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "Oxygen toxicity to the lungs", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": " the lungs", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "Oxygen toxicity to the lungs", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "Breathing pure O\n2 in space applications, such as in some modern space suits", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "Breathing pure O\n2", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "Breathing pure O\n2", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "Breathing pure O\n2 in space applications, such as in some modern space suits", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "Breathing pure O\n2", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": " (O\n2) can be toxic at elevated partial pressures, leading to convulsions", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "O\n2) can be toxic at elevated partial pressures, leading to convulsions", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "O\n2) can be toxic", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "Oxygen gas (O\n2) can be toxic at elevated partial pressures, leading to convulsions", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": " (O\n2) can be toxic at elevated partial pressures, leading to convulsions", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": " $12 globally", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": " $12 globally", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": " $12 globally", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "The 1973 oil crisis", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "The 1973 oil crisis", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": " a rift within NATO", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": ". The result was a depreciation of the dollar", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": " oil was priced in dollars, oil producers' real income decreased", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": " oil was priced in dollars", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": " oil producers' real income decreased", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": " oil producers' real income decreased", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": " by less than two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": " the \"Oil Shock\". After 1971, OPEC was slow to readjust prices", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": " by less than two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": " by less than two percent per year", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "... You've [", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": " October 6", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "... You've [", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "... You've [", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "... You've [", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel, including $1.5 billion in outright grants. George Lenczowski", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel, including $1.5 billion in outright grants. George Lenczowski", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel, including $1.5 billion in outright grants. George Lenczowski", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel, including $1.5 billion in outright grants. George Lenczowski", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel, including $1.5 billion in outright grants. George Lenczowski", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": " over 100 billion dollars in the ensuing decades for helping spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, known as Wahhabism, throughout the world", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": " the income was dispensed in the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": " dispensed in the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "Some of the income was dispensed in the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": " the income was dispensed in the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": " the United States, scholars argue that there already existed a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": " a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": " the United States, scholars argue that there already existed a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": " the United States, scholars argue that there already existed a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": " a major factor in the change of government. Heath asked the British to heat only one room in their houses over the winter. The UK, Germany", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": " a major factor in the change of government. Heath asked the British to heat only one room in their houses over the winter. The UK, Germany", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": " a major factor in the change of government. Heath asked the British to heat only one room in their houses over the winter. The UK, Germany", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": " a major factor in the change of government. Heath asked the British to heat only one room in their houses over the winter. The UK, Germany", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": " a major factor in the change of government. Heath asked the British to heat only one room in their houses over the winter. The UK, Germany", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": " Scarcity was addressed by rationing (as in many countries). Motorists faced long lines at gas stations beginning in summer 1972", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "Price controls", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": " Scarcity was addressed by rationing (as in many countries). Motorists faced long lines at gas stations beginning in summer 1972", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": " The system limited the price of \"old oil", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": ". Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": ". Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": ". Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": ". Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": " Petroleum Reserve", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": " Petroleum Reserve", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": " Petroleum Reserve", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": " Petroleum Reserve", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": " Petroleum Reserve", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "The energy crisis led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "The energy crisis led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "The energy crisis led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels", "57265200708984140094c237": " late 1973", "57265200708984140094c238": ".S. was so distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries that they briefly considered military action", "57265200708984140094c239": ".S. was so distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries that they briefly considered military action", "57265200708984140094c23a": " explicit plan was mentioned, a conversation between U.S. Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": " 71", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": " 71", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": " 71", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": " 71", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": " 71", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", "57265526708984140094c2be": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "The USSR", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", "572659535951b619008f703f": " A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants", "572659535951b619008f7040": "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts", "572659535951b619008f7041": " compacts", "572659535951b619008f7042": "acts", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Compact trucks were introduced, such as the Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": " trucks were introduced, such as the Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Compact trucks were introduced", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": " trucks were introduced", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "An increase in imported cars into North America", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": " By 1985, the average American vehicle moved 17.4 miles per gallon", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": " By 1985, the average American vehicle moved 17.4 miles per gallon", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": " By 1985, the average American vehicle moved 17.4 miles per gallon", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "An increase in imported cars", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": " NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 215", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "Federal safety", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "Federal safety standards, such as NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 215", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": " $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s to less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation, oil", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "OPEC", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": " $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s to less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation, oil", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "OPEC", "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": "The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb83": "The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "Saturn vehicles were also used for an Apollo Applications Program", "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program", "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "ollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program", "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "The Apollo program succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "The Apollo program", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": "The Apollo program", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": "The Apollo program", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": "The Apollo program succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew", "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "ollo", "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": " 8", "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "Apollo", "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": " 8", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": " Abe Silverstein", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": "The Apollo program was conceived", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": "The Apollo program", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": "The Apollo", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": " Abe Silverstein", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": " Deputy Administrator Hugh L. Dryden announced the Apollo program to industry representatives at a series of Space Task Group conferences. Preliminary specifications were laid out", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": " Deputy Administrator Hugh L. Dryden announced the Apollo program to industry representatives at a series of Space Task Group conferences. Preliminary specifications were laid out", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": "Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company", "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": "Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": ".\" Despite Kennedy's rhetoric, he did not immediately come to a decision on the status of the Apollo program once he became president", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": ".\" Despite Kennedy's rhetoric, he did not immediately come to a decision on the status of the Apollo program", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": ".\" Despite Kennedy's rhetoric, he did not immediately come to a decision on the status of the Apollo program", "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": ".\" Despite Kennedy's rhetoric, he did not immediately come to a decision on the status of the Apollo program", "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": " national prestige", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": " April 12", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": " April 12", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": " April 12", "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": " April 12", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": " approximately one week later, concluding that \"we are neither making maximum effort nor achieving results necessary if this country is to reach a position of leadership.\"", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": " April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": " April 20", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": " April 20", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": " Gilruth's Space Task Group", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": " A site was chosen in Houston, Texas, on land donated by Rice University, and Administrator Webb announced the conversion on September 19", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": " A site was chosen in Houston, Texas, on land donated by Rice University, and Administrator Webb announced the conversion on September 19", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": " A site was chosen in Houston, Texas, on land donated by Rice University, and Administrator Webb announced the conversion on September 19", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": " Gilruth's Space Task Group", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": " was started in July 1961", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": " was started in July 1961 for a Launch Operations Center (LOC) immediately north of Canaveral at Merritt Island", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": " was started in July 1961", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": " July 1961", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "The LOC included Launch Complex 39", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": "The LOC included Launch Complex 39", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "The LOC included Launch Complex 39", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "The LOC included Launch Complex 39", "5725c123271a42140099d131": "Administrator Webb realized that in order to keep Apollo costs under control, he had to develop greater project management skills", "5725c123271a42140099d132": " Webb", "5725c123271a42140099d133": " Webb", "5725c123271a42140099d134": " Webb", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": " a reputation for his effective management of the Minuteman program", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": " a reputation for his effective management of the Minuteman program", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": " Bypassing the NASA hierarchy, he sent a series of memos and reports on the issue to Associate Administrator Robert Seamans", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": " Bypassing the NASA hierarchy, he sent a series of memos and reports on the issue to Associate Administrator Robert Seamans", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": " Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d185": " Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin", "5725c604271a42140099d186": " Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin", "5725c604271a42140099d187": " Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d188": " Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin", "5725c604271a42140099d189": " Seamans", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": " July 11, 1962", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": "But even after NASA reached internal agreement, it was far from smooth sailing. Kennedy's science advisor Jerome Wiesner", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": " July 11, 1962", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": " July 11, 1962", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": " NASA", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": " NASA", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": " NASA", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": " NASA", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": " Apollo 13", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": " 13", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": " documents prove this theory was discussed before and after the method was chosen", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": "The LOR method", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": " cone-shaped command module", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": " cone-shaped command module", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": "Maxime Faget's preliminary Apollo design employed a cone-shaped command module", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": "The Command Module", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "The Command Module", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": "The Command Module", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": "The Command Module", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "The Command Module", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": " (", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": "A cylindrical Service Module", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": "A cylindrical Service Module", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": " Service Module", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": " (", "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": " American Aviation won the contract to build the CSM", "5725cda338643c19005acd40": " Block I", "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "North American Aviation", "5725cda338643c19005acd42": " Block I", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "The Lunar Module", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "The Lunar Module", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": "The Lunar Module", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": "The Lunar Module", "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": " the Apollo program began, Wernher von Braun", "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": " June 11, 1962, decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous enabled the Saturn V to replace the Nova, and the MS", "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": " June 11, 1962, decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous enabled the Saturn V to replace the Nova, and the MS", "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "34", "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": "The first four Saturn I test flights were launched from LC-34", "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": "The first four Saturn I test flights were launched from LC-34", "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": "The first four Saturn I test flights were launched from LC-34", "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "The Saturn IB", "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "The Saturn IB", "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": "200 series number, \"AS\" indicating \"Apollo Saturn\"", "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": "The Saturn IB", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": "The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": " (", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": " three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": "The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "The Apollo", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "The Apollo", "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "The Apollo astronauts", "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "The Apollo astronauts were chosen", "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "The Apollo astronauts were chosen", "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": "NASA", "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": " Grissom, White, and Chaffee in 1969", "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": "NASA", "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "NASA", "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "NASA", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": " February 26", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": " February 26", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": " February 26", "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": " February 26", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": " LM test flight AS-206, a crew would fly the first Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "Deke Slayton", "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": " January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA", "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": " January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA", "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "Deke Slayton", "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "ke Slayton", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": "205/208", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": "205 mission was canceled", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "205/208", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "205/208", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": "The problems with North American were severe enough in late 1965 to cause Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller to appoint program director Samuel Phillips", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "The problems with North American were severe enough in late 1965 to cause Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller to appoint program director Samuel Phillips", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": "The problems with North American were severe", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": "The problems with North American were severe", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": "The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27", "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": " January 27", "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": "The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27", "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": " January 27", "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": " January 27", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "NASA", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": " accident review board", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": "NASA immediately convened an accident review board", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "NASA immediately convened an accident review board", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": " Block II spacecraft", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": " Block II spacecraft", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": " hatch cover with a quick-release, outward opening door. NASA", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": " hatch cover with a quick-release, outward opening door. NASA", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": " hatch cover with a quick-release, outward opening door. NASA", "5725df1838643c19005ace15": " letters were used instead of numbers", "5725df1838643c19005ace16": " letters were used instead of numbers", "5725df1838643c19005ace17": " letters were used instead of numbers", "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "The delay in the CSM caused by the fire enabled NASA to catch up on man-rating the LM and Saturn V. Apollo", "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "The delay in the CSM caused by the fire enabled NASA to catch up on man-rating the LM", "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": " Block I CSM on November 9", "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": "The delay in the CSM caused by the fire enabled NASA to catch up on man-rating the LM and Saturn V. Apollo 4", "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "-204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37", "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37", "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "Apollo 5 (AS-204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37", "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37", "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "ollo", "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": " 8", "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "ollo 8", "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": " 8", "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": " 8", "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "ollo 8", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", "5725e44238643c19005ace35": " April 1967 on the Ocean of Storms. The Command Module Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon, Jr.", "5725e44238643c19005ace36": " April 1967 on the Ocean of Storms. The Command Module Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon, Jr.", "5725e44238643c19005ace37": " Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon, Jr.", "5725e44238643c19005ace38": " Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon, Jr.", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20. NASA", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20. NASA", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20. NASA", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20. NASA", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": "The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed with a single veteran as Commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": "The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed with a single veteran as Commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed with a single veteran as Commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": "The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed with a single veteran as Commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": "The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": " NASA", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": " By 1971, the decision was made to also cancel missions 18 and 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": " NASA", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": " By 1971, the decision was made to also cancel missions 18 and 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "The rocks collected from the Moon", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": "The rocks collected from the Moon", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": " waves that are generated during impact events", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": " waves that are generated during impact events", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": " waves that are generated during impact events", "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": " project costs which presented an estimate of the Apollo program costs in 2005 dollars", "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": " $170 billion", "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": " $20.4 billion, or $", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": " The Apollo Extension Series", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": " manned lunar landings, NASA", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": " post-lunar applications for Apollo hardware. The Apollo Extension Series", "5725ef6838643c19005acece": " February 8", "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": "The S-IVB orbital workshop", "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": " February 8", "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": "The S-IVB orbital workshop", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": " (", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "ENE probe observed evidence of the halo surrounding the Apollo 15 Lunar Module blast crater while orbiting above the lunar surface. In 2009, NASA", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "ENE probe observed evidence of the halo surrounding the Apollo 15 Lunar Module blast crater while orbiting above the lunar surface. In 2009, NASA", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": "The crew of Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "The crew of Apollo 8", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": "The crew of Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "The crew of Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth", "5725f239271a42140099d35d": "The Moon landing data was recorded by a special Apollo TV camera", "5725f239271a42140099d35e": "The Moon landing", "5725f239271a42140099d35f": "The Moon", "5725f239271a42140099d360": "The Moon landing", "5725f239271a42140099d361": "The Moon landing", "5725f39638643c19005acef7": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", "5725f39638643c19005acef8": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", "5725f39638643c19005acef9": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", "5725f39638643c19005acefa": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", "5725f39638643c19005acefb": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "European Union law is applied by the courts", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": "European Union law is applied by the courts", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "European Union law is applied by the courts", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "European Union", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": " the European Union does not have a codified constitution", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": " the European Union does not have a codified constitution", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": " the European Union does not have a codified constitution", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": " the European Union does not have a codified constitution", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": " the European Union does not have a codified constitution", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The primary law of the EU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "The primary law of the EU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": " primary law of the EU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "The primary law of the EU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "The primary law of the EU consists mainly of the founding treaties, the \"core\" treaties", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "The primary law of the EU", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "The primary law of the EU", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "The primary law of the EU consists mainly of the founding treaties, the \"core\" treaties", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "The primary law of the EU", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": " Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": " Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": " Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": " Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": " Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": " Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": " Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": " Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": " Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": " amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": " amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": " amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": " single constitutional document. However, as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": " amending treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": " constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": " amending treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": " the Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": " amending treaty", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": " Article 17", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "The European Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": " censured by Parliament in 1999", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": " various privileges, such as being exempt from member state taxes (", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": " censured by Parliament in 1999", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "Commissioners have various privileges, such as being exempt from member state taxes (", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": " censured by Parliament in 1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": " censured by Parliament in 1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "Commissioners have various privileges, such as being exempt from member state taxes (", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "Commissioners have various privileges, such as being exempt from member state taxes (", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "Commissioners have various privileges, such as being exempt from member state taxes", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": " the Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": " the Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": " publicising their views and submit an initiative that must be considered by the Commission with one million signatures. TFEU article 227", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment", "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": " the Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment", "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": " 227", "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": " the Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation", "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation", "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": " the Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": " article 16", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": " article 16", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": " article 16", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": " article 16", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": " article 16", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "The second main legislative body is the Council", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": " article 16", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": " article 16", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": " article 16", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": " article 294", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": " TFEU article 294", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": " TFEU article 294", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": " TFEU article 294", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": " TFEU article 294", "572695285951b619008f774b": " 294", "572695285951b619008f774c": " TFEU article 294", "572695285951b619008f774d": " TFEU article 294", "572695285951b619008f774e": " TFEU article 294", "572658435951b619008f7025": "The judicial branch", "572658435951b619008f7026": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "572658435951b619008f7027": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "572658435951b619008f7028": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "572658435951b619008f7029": " judicial branch", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "The judicial branch", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": " judicial branch", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", "5726975c708984140094cb20": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", "5726975c708984140094cb21": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", "572699db5951b619008f7799": " human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779a": " human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779b": " Treaties, they do not accept that the Court of Justice has the final say on foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy", "572699db5951b619008f779d": " human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779c": " enforceable rule of Community law.\" More recently the UK Supreme Court noted that in R (HS2 Action Alliance Ltd", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": " EU institutions and member states", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": " EU institutions and member states", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": " EU institutions and member states", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": " EU institutions and member states", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": " TFEU article 288", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": " EU law has primacy, not all EU laws give citizens standing to bring claims", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": " TFEU article 288", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": " claims", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": " article 288 says Directives are addressed to the member states", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": " article 288 says Directives are addressed to the member states", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": " article 288 says Directives are addressed to the member states", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": " Generals persuasively argued that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": " laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": " laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": " laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "mbH & Co KG", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": " laws", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": " (", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": " (", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": " national courts have a duty to interpret domestic law", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "Fourth, national courts have a duty to interpret domestic law", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "The principles of European Union law are rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "The principles of European Union law are rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "Proportionality is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Proportionality is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "Proportionality is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "The concept of legal certainty is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "The concept of legal certainty is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "The concept of legal certainty is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "The concept of legal certainty is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": " in the late 60s", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": " in the late 60s", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": " be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": " be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": " be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": " be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": " be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": " Article 6(", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "The 2007 Lisbon Treaty explicitly recognised fundamental rights by providing in Article 6(", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "The 2007 Lisbon Treaty", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": " Article 6(", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": " Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": " a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": " a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": " 11 of the then 12 member states. The UK refused to sign the Social Charter", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989 by 11 of the then 12 member states. The UK refused to sign the Social Charter", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "The Social Charter was subsequently adopted", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": " Council Directive, which required workforce consultation in businesses, and the 1996 Parental Leave Directive", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": " in 1997, the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": " Council Directive, which required workforce consultation in businesses, and the 1996 Parental Leave Directive", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": " Council Directive, which required workforce consultation in businesses, and the 1996 Parental Leave Directive", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": " UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": " Article 65", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": " Article 65", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": " article 66", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": " Article 65", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": " Article 65", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": " Article 101", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": " (or compliant with the general principle of European Union law of proportionality). Article 102", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": " Article 101", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": " the Treaty of Lisbon", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": " union", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": " union", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": " the concept of a \"social market economy\" was only introduced", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": " union", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": " the concept of a \"social market economy\" was only introduced", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": " the European Union", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "Free movement of goods within the European Union", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "Free movement of goods within the European Union", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Free movement of goods within the European Union", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "Free movement of goods", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": " rules apply to all goods neutrally, but may have a greater practical effect on imports than domestic products", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": " Rewe-Zentral AG", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": " rules apply to all goods neutrally, but may have a greater practical effect on imports than domestic products", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "iqueurs (not just imported ones) to have a minimum alcohol content of 25 per cent was contrary to TFEU article 34", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": " rules apply to all goods neutrally, but may have a greater practical effect on imports than domestic products", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": " article 34", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": " article 34", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": " article 34", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": " article 34", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": " a precondition for rights. This means the basic \"worker\" rights in TFEU article 45", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": " a precondition for rights. This means the basic \"worker\" rights in TFEU article 45", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": " a precondition for rights. This means the basic \"worker\" rights in TFEU article 45", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": " a precondition for rights. This means the basic \"worker\" rights in TFEU article 45", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": " TFEU articles 18 to 21", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": " articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": " articles 1 to 7", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "Citizenship", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726c002708984140094d073": " article 49", "5726c002708984140094d074": " article 56", "5726c002708984140094d075": " article 49", "5726c002708984140094d076": " article 49", "5726c002708984140094d077": " article 49", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": " Commissioner Stavros Dimas", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": " Franco Frattini", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": " legislate in criminal law \u2013 something never done before. So far, the only other proposal has been the draft intellectual property rights directive", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": " Stavros Dimas", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": " By contrast, in Centros Ltd v Erhversus-og Selkabssy", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": " By contrast, in Centros Ltd v Erhversus-og Selkabssy", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": " General Trust plc) v HM Treasury that member states could restrict a company moving its seat of business, without infringing TFEU article 49", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": " General Trust plc) v HM Treasury that member states could restrict a company moving its seat of business, without infringing TFEU article 49", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": " General Trust plc) v HM Treasury that member states could restrict a company moving its seat of business, without infringing TFEU article 49", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "The Amazon rainforest", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": " moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "The Amazon rainforest", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "The Amazon rainforest", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "The Amazon rainforest", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "The Amazon rainforest", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "The Amazon rainforest", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "The Amazon rainforest", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "The Amazon rainforest", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": " rainforest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "The Amazon rainforest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": " moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "The Amazon rainforest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": " rainforest", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": " 66", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": " 66", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": " 66", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": " 66", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": " 66", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": " 66", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": " a broad diversity of species", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": " a broad diversity of species", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": " 66", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": " rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band. It expanded again", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": " 66", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": " 66", "5725c071271a42140099d127": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d128": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d129": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df790": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df791": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df792": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df793": " a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": " a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": " reasonably well supported", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": " reasonably well supported", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": " reasonably well supported", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": " scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": " are reasonably well supported", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": " rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": " rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": " reasonably well supported", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": " reasonably well supported", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": " rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": " LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": " LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": " rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": " rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": " CALIPSO satellite", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": " CALIPSO satellite", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": " CALIPSO satellite", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": " CALIPSO satellite", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": " CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": " CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": " CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": " CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": " CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": " CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "NASA", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": " CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": " CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": " CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": " CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": " a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": " AD 1500", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "ers", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "ers", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "ers", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "ers", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "ers", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": " AD 1500", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": " a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "ers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "ers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "ers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "ers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "ers", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": " 1542", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", "5729edd56aef051400155113": " 1542", "5729edd56aef051400155114": " 1542", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", "5729edd56aef051400155116": " 1542", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": " Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest were found in 2003 by Michael Heckenberger", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": " preta", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Terra preta", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": " preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": " Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest were found in 2003 by Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5729ef266aef051400155120": " Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest were found in 2003 by Michael Heckenberger", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "843 invertebrate species", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "843 invertebrate species in Brazil", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "843 invertebrate species", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "The region is home to about 2.", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "The region is home to about 2.", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "843 invertebrate species", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "843 invertebrate species", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "843 invertebrate species", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "843 invertebrate species", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "843 invertebrate species", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": " \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "The rainforest", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "The rain", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "The rainforest", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "The rainforest", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "The rainforest", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "Deforestation", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": " 587,000 square kilometres", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": " 587,000 square kilometres", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": " and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": " and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": " and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "The needs of soy farmers", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "The needs of soy farmers", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "The needs of soy farmers", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "The needs of soy farmers", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "The needs of soy farmers", "572a020f6aef051400155198": ".37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "Environmentalists are concerned about loss of biodiversity that will result from destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": ".37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": ".37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": ".37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": " gas emissions", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": " unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": " gas emissions", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": " gas emissions", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": " gas emissions", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": " indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": " indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": " indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": " indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": " indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "The use of remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "The use of remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "The use of remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "The use of remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "The use of remote sensing", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": " Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": " Kuplich organized the trees", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": " Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": " Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": " Thematic Mapper (TM)", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": " July 23", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": " July 23", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": " July 23", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": " July 23", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": " July 23", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": " the Amazon rainforest experienced another severe drought", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": " gigatons were released and in 2010 8 gigatons were released", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": " gigatons were released and in 2010 8 gigatons were released", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": " gigatons were released and in 2010 8 gigatons were released", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": ".5 gigatons of carbon dioxide; during 2005 instead 5 gigatons were released and in 2010 8 gigatons were released", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": " \u2018combs\u2019", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": "Ctenophora", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": " a few millimeters to 1.5 m (", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "Ctenophora", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": " \u2018combs\u2019", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": " \u2018combs\u2019", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": " \u2018combs\u2019", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": " \u2018combs\u2019", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": " \u2018combs\u2019", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": " a few millimeters to 1.5 m (", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": " \u2018combs\u2019", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": " \u2018combs\u2019", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "Ctenophora", "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": " ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day. Only 100\u2013150 species have been validated", "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": " ctenophores are predators", "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": " ctenophores are predators", "5725c337271a42140099d163": " ctenophores are predators", "5725c337271a42140099d164": " ctenophores are predators", "5725c337271a42140099d165": " ctenophores are predators", "5725c337271a42140099d166": " ctenophores are predators", "5725c337271a42140099d167": " ctenophores are predators", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": " ctenophores are predators", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": " ctenophores are predators", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": " ctenophores are predators", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": " ctenophores are predators", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": " ctenophores are predators", "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": " Fertilization", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "Most species are hermaphrodites", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Ctenophores", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "Ctenophores", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "agerst\u00e4", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "agerst\u00e4", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": " ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerst\u00e4", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": " ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerst\u00e4", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "agerst\u00e4", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": " no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerst\u00e4", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "agerst\u00e4", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "agerst\u00e4", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "Ctenophores form an animal", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": " an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "onges, both ctenophores and cnidarians have: cells bound by inter-cell connections and carpet-like basement membranes", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "onges, both ctenophores and cnidarians have: cells bound by inter-cell connections and carpet-like basement membranes", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": " sponges", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": " sponges, about as complex as cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "Ctenophores form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": " sponges, about as complex as cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": " animal phylum that is more complex than sponges", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": " sponges", "572647d0708984140094c14b": " two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": " two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14d": " a middle layer of jelly-", "572647d0708984140094c14e": " a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "Ranging from about 1 millimeter (", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "Ranging from about 1 millimeter (", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "Ranging from about 1 millimeter (", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "Ranging from about 1 millimeter (", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": " very difficult to capture them intact", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": " few species, ctenophores have a wide range of body plans. Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": " few species, ctenophores have a wide range of body plans", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": " very difficult to capture them intact", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "The internal cavity forms: a mouth", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "The internal cavity forms: a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "The internal cavity forms: a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "The internal cavity forms: a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "The internal cavity forms: a mouth", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": " eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "The outer surface bears usually eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "The outer surface bears usually eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "The outer surface bears usually eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "The outer surface bears usually eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": " ctenophores control their buoyancy", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "settes in the body cavity may pump this into the mesoglea to increase its bulk and decrease its density", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "oglea to reduce its volume and increase its density", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "settes in the body cavity may pump this into the mesoglea to increase its bulk and decrease its density", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": " a statocyst, a balance sensor", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": " a statocyst, a balance sensor", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": " a statocyst, a balance sensor", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "The largest single sensory feature is the aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "The largest single sensory feature is the aboral organ (", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "Cydippid ctenophores", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "Cydippid ctenophores", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "ydippid ctenophores have bodies that are more or less rounded, sometimes nearly spherical and other times more cylindrical or egg-shaped", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "Cydippid ctenophores", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "Cydippid ctenophores", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": " are eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": " eight rows of combs", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": " eight rows of combs", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": " eight rows of combs", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "The Lobata", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "The Lobata", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "The Lobata", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "The Lobata", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "The Lobata", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": " eight comb-rows", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": " eight comb-rows", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": " eight comb-rows", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": " eight comb-rows", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "The Beroida, also known as Nuda, have no feeding appendages", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroid", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "The Beroid", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "The Beroid", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "The Beroida", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "The Cestida", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": " flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": " flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": " flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": " oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", "572683075951b619008f7513": " comb rows, and eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis. Fertilization", "572683075951b619008f7514": " all species are hermaphrodites", "572683075951b619008f7515": " all species are hermaphrodites", "572683075951b619008f7516": " comb rows, and eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis. Fertilization", "572683075951b619008f7517": " all species are hermaphrodites", "572684365951b619008f753f": " fertilized eggs", "572684365951b619008f7540": " other words there is no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", "572684365951b619008f7541": " other words there is no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", "572684365951b619008f7542": " other words there is no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", "572684365951b619008f7543": " other words there is no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "uplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera, are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink)", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "uplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera, are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink)", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink)", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": " luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size than adults, whose luminescence is diffused over their bodies", "5726887e708984140094c917": " ctenophores are predators \u2013 there are no vegetarians", "5726887e708984140094c918": " ctenophores are predators", "5726887e708984140094c919": " no vegetarians", "5726887e708984140094c91a": " ctenophores are predators", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "tentacled \"cydippid\" Lampea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "Ctenophores used to be regarded as \"dead ends\" in marine food chains", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "Ctenophores used to be regarded as \"dead ends\" in marine food chains", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "Ctenophores", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": " ctenophores, and jellyfish may temporarily wipe out ctenophore populations", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "Ctenophores", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": " Mnemiopsis leidyi", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": " leidyi was accidentally introduced", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": " Mnemiopsis populations in those areas were eventually brought under control", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": " leidyi was accidentally introduced", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": " late 1980s the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "agerst\u00e4", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": " soft, gelatinous bodies, ctenophores are extremely rare as fossils", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": " extremely rare as fossils", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "agerst\u00e4", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "agerst\u00e4", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": " De-Gan Shu, Simon Conway", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China's Chengjiang lagerst\u00e4", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "The early Cambrian sessile", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China", "57269016708984140094ca41": "The relationship of ctenophores to the rest of Metazoa is very important to our understanding of the early evolution of animals", "57269016708984140094ca42": "The relationship of ctenophores to the rest of Metazoa", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "ison", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "ison", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": " tentacles. Richard Harbison", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": " ctenophores except the beroids have cydippid-like larvae", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": " a city in the U.S. state of California. As of 2015, the city's population was 520", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": " a city in the U.S. state of California. As of 2015, the city's population was 520", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": " a city in the U.S. state of California. As of 2015, the city's population was 520", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": " a city in the U.S. state of California. As of 2015, the city's population was 520", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": " 1872, the Central Pacific Railroad established a station near Easterby's\u2014by now a hugely productive wheat farm", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": " 1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": " 1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": " By 1931 the Fresno Traction Company operated 47 streetcars over 49 miles", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": " 1885", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": " Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": " In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": " Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.", "5725d183271a42140099d240": " Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.", "5725d183271a42140099d241": " Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white, 3.3% black and 2.7% Asian. (", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "Americard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa Inc", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": " cardholders to revolve a balance (", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": " cardholders to revolve a balance (", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": " cardholders to revolve a balance (", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": " cardholders to revolve a balance (", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": " the 1970s, the city was the subject of a song, \"Walking Into Fresno\", written by Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": " the 1970s, the city was the subject of a song, \"Walking Into Fresno\", written by Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": " the 1970s, the city was the subject of a song, \"Walking Into Fresno\", written by Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": " the 1970s, the city was the subject of a song, \"Walking Into Fresno\", written by Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": " the 1970s, the city was the subject of a song, \"Walking Into Fresno\", written by Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": " three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": " public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Fresno has three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": " public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Fresno has three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": " Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": " Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": " Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": " Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "ulton Street in Downtown Fresno", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Street in Downtown Fresno", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Fulton Street in Downtown Fresno", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "Fulton Street in Downtown Fresno", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "Fulton Street in Downtown Fresno", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": " Sunnyside are within the City of Fresno, much of the neighborhood is a \"county island", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "The neighborhood of Sunnyside", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "The neighborhood of Sunnyside", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": " Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "yside is on Fresno", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": " Avenues in the heart of the Tower District. (", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": " popular neighborhood known as the Tower District", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": " neighborhood known as the Tower District", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "The popular neighborhood known as the Tower District", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": " Avenues in the heart of the Tower District. (", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": " a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s.[", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": " Players", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": " vibrant and culturally diverse area of retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s.[", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": " vibrant and culturally diverse area of retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s.[", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": " vibrant and culturally diverse area of retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s.[", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "The neighborhood", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "The neighborhood", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "The neighborhood", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "The area", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": " Tract, as the land would become known, was mapped by William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": " Tract, as the land would become known, was mapped by William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": " Tract, as the land would become known, was mapped by William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": " Tract, as the land would become known, was mapped by William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": " Tract, as the land would become known, was mapped by William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": " public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": " public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": " public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": " public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": " public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": " (", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": " (", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": " (", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": " (", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": " (", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "[citation needed]", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "[citation needed]", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "[citation needed]", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "[citation needed]", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "[citation needed]", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "Fresno", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": " mild, moist winters and hot and dry summers, thus displaying Mediterranean characteristics. December and January are the coldest months, and average around 46.", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": " mild, moist winters and hot and dry summers, thus displaying Mediterranean characteristics. December and January are the coldest months, and average around 46.", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "Fresno", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "K\u00f6ppen BSh), with mild, moist winters and hot and dry summers, thus displaying Mediterranean characteristics. December", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": " January 6, 1913. The average windows for 100 \u00b0F (", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": " January 6, 1913. The average windows for 100 \u00b0F (", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": " July 8", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": " January 6, 1913. The average windows for 100 \u00b0F (", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": " July 8", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": " 4,404.5 people per square mile (", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": " 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile (", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": " were 158,349", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": " were 158,349 households", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": " were 158,349", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": " were 158,349", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": " were 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": " were 427,652 people, 140,079 households", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": " were 427,652 people, 140,079 households", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": " 4,097.9 people per square mile", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": " were 427,652 people, 140,079 households", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": " were 427,652 people, 140,079 households", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": " June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": " June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": " June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": " June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": " June 1, 1953", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": " 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": " 99", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": " 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": " 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": " 5", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": " 5", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": " 5", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": " 5", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "enger rail service is provided by Amtrak", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "enger rail service is provided by Amtrak", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "enger rail service is provided by Amtrak", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "enger rail service is provided by Amtrak", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "enger rail service is provided by Amtrak", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": " the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switch", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": " Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": " computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switch", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": " the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switch", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": " the late 1950s, American computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": " computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switch", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": " computer scientist Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switch", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": " bandwidth", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "acket switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": " circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": " bandwidth", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "acket switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "acket switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": " bandwidth", "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": " forwarding nodes", "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "acket mode communication", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "et switches", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": " forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "acket mode communication", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "acket mode communication", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "2626", "5726249538643c19005ad080": " block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad081": " block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad082": " block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "2626", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": " block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": " of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": " block switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": " A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": " A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": " A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": " A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts", "5726378238643c19005ad313": " A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts", "5726378238643c19005ad314": " A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts", "5726378238643c19005ad315": " A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts", "5726385e271a42140099d797": " individually", "5726385e271a42140099d798": " individually", "5726385e271a42140099d799": " individually", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": " individually", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "Connection-oriented transmission", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "Connection-oriented transmission", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": " a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": " a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": " Frame Relay provide connection-oriented operations", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": " handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted. Frame Relay does not define any such handshakes. X.", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": " handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted. Frame Relay does not define any such handshakes. X.", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": " Frame Relay provide connection-oriented operations. But X.25 does it at the network layer", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "ET and SITA HLN became operational in 1969", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "agram system, the hosts have the responsibility to ensure orderly delivery of packets. The User Datagram Protocol", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "ARPANET", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "ARP", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": " proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": " proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "Talk was a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "Talk", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "The CYCLADES", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "The CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "The CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "The CYCLADES packet switching network", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": " Digital Equipment Corporation", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": " Digital Equipment Corporation", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "net is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": " Digital Equipment Corporation", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": " four computer sales and service centers (Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix)", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": " four computer sales and service centers (Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix)", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": " four computer sales and service centers (Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix)", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": " four computer sales and service centers (Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix)", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "Merit Network, Inc", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": " Network, Inc", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": " Network, Inc", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": " AT&T in buying the technology, but the monopoly's reaction was that this was incompatible with their future. Bolt, Beranack and Newman", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": " AT&T in buying the technology, but the monopoly's reaction was that this was incompatible with their future. Bolt, Beranack and Newman", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": " AT&T in buying the technology, but the monopoly's reaction was that this was incompatible with their future. Bolt, Beranack and Newman", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "enet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": " public networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": " public networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": " government agencies", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": " packet switched technology and used X.25, SNA/SDLC, BSC and ASCII interfaces to connect host computers", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": " packet switched technology and used X.25, SNA/SDLC, BSC and ASCII interfaces to connect host computers", "572643de5951261400b5195a": " were two kinds of X.25 networks. Some such as DATAPAC and TRANSPAC were initially implemented", "572643de5951261400b5195b": " were two kinds of X.25 networks. Some such as DATAPAC and TRANSPAC were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface", "572643de5951261400b5195c": " two kinds of X.25 networks. Some such as DATAPAC and TRANSPAC were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": " public X.25 network operated by Telstra. Started by Telecom Australia", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": " public X.25 network operated by Telstra. Started by Telecom Australia", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": " public X.25 network operated by Telstra. Started by Telecom Australia", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": " public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": " public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": " public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": " public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", "5726462b708984140094c117": "The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)", "5726462b708984140094c118": "The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)", "5726462b708984140094c119": "The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": " The Internet2", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": " The Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene, in 1998", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": " The Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene, in 1998", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": " The Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "Rail (NLR) project. In 2006, Internet2 announced a partnership with Level 3 Communications", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "The National Science Foundation", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "The National Science Foundation", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "The National Science Foundation", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c15f": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c160": " Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c161": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", "57264684708984140094c123": "The Black Death", "57264684708984140094c124": "The Black Death", "57264684708984140094c125": "The Black Death", "57264684708984140094c126": "The Black Death", "57264684708984140094c127": "The Black Death", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present)", "572647935951b619008f6eca": " 1338", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present)", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present)", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": " 1338", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": " 1347", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": " 1347", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": " 1347", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": " 1347", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": " 1347", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": " 1349", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": " 1349", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": " 1349", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": " 1349", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": " 1349", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "The plague struck various countries", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "The plague struck various countries", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "The plague struck various countries", "57264a74708984140094c18b": "1908)", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "1908", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "1908)", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1908", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "1908", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": " The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "The dominant explanation for the Black Death is the plague theory", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": " 1894", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "The dominant explanation for the Black Death", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "The dominant explanation for the Black Death", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "The dominant explanation for the Black Death", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "\u201341 \u00b0C (100\u2013", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": " modern scientists", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": " modern scientists", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": " modern scientists", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "\u201341 \u00b0C (100\u2013", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": " a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": " Pathogens", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": " Pathogens", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "The study also found that there were two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": " November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "The study also found that there were two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": " November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": " November 1347", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": " A study published in Nature in October 2011", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726516a708984140094c223": " between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", "5726516a708984140094c224": " between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", "5726516a708984140094c225": " between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", "5726516a708984140094c226": " between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", "5726516a708984140094c227": " between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", "57265285708984140094c25b": " a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique", "57265285708984140094c25c": " a bubonic plague", "57265285708984140094c25d": " a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique", "57265285708984140094c25e": " a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique", "57265285708984140094c25f": " a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique", "5726534d708984140094c26d": " Scott and Duncan have argued that the pandemic was a form of infectious disease that characterise as hemorrhagic plague", "5726534d708984140094c26e": " Scott and Duncan have argued that the pandemic was a form of infectious disease that characterise as hemorrhagic plague", "5726534d708984140094c26f": "A variety of alternatives to the Y. pestis have been put forward", "5726534d708984140094c270": " Scott and Duncan have argued that the pandemic was a form of infectious disease that characterise as hemorrhagic plague", "5726534d708984140094c271": " Scott and Duncan have argued that the pandemic was a form of infectious disease that characterise as hemorrhagic plague", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": " a third. The Black Death killed about 40% of Egypt's population", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": " 1351", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "The most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East, including Iraq", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": " a third. The Black Death killed about 40% of Egypt's population", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "The most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East, including Iraq", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": " By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": " By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": " 14", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": " By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": " 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": " 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": " 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": " 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": " 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": " 1720", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": " 1720", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": " 1720", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": " 1720", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": " 1720", "5726577f708984140094c301": "The Black Death", "5726577f708984140094c302": "The Black Death", "5726577f708984140094c303": " Black Death", "5726577f708984140094c304": " 1701 and 17", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": " lithified into a sedimentary rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": " lithified into a sedimentary rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": " lithified", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": " lithified into a sedimentary rock, or be turned into a metamorphic rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": " lithified into a sedimentary rock, or be turned into a metamorphic rock", "57265d08708984140094c397": " plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c398": " plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c399": " plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c39a": " plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c39b": " plate tectonics", "57265f605951b619008f70db": " plate tectonics", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": " plate tectonics", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": " plate tectonics", "57265f605951b619008f70de": "The development of plate tectonics", "57265f605951b619008f70df": " tectonics", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "Seismologists can use the arrival times of seismic waves", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "Seismologists can use the arrival times of seismic waves", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "The following four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "The following four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "The following four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": " four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships pertains to the formation of faults", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "The principle of inclusions", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "The principle of inclusions", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "The principle of inclusions", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "The principle of inclusions", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "The principle of inclusions", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "The principle of faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "The principle of faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "The principle of faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "The principle of faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "The principle of faunal succession", "57266c015951b619008f7237": " the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock", "57266c015951b619008f7238": " the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock", "57266c015951b619008f7239": " the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock", "57266c015951b619008f723a": " the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock", "57266c015951b619008f723b": " the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": " a variety of applications. Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": " minerals", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "ronologic studies. Common methods include uranium-lead dating, potassium-argon dating, argon-argon dating and uranium-thorium dating", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": " isotopes", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": " shorten and become thicker", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": " faulting and folding", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": " faulting and folding", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": " faulting and folding", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": " two primary ways: through faulting and folding", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "ile stretching and thinning. Normal faults drop rock units", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "ile stretching and thinning. Normal faults drop rock", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Extension causes the rock units as a whole", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": " longer and thinner", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "ile stretching and thinning. Normal faults drop rock units", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "The addition of new rock units", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "The addition of new rock units", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "The addition of new rock units", "572673f5708984140094c69e": "The addition of new rock units", "572673f5708984140094c69f": "The addition of new rock units", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment, and do not necessarily occur in a single order. The Hawaiian Islands", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment, and do not necessarily occur in a single order. The Hawaiian Islands", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment, and do not necessarily occur in a single order. The Hawaiian Islands", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment, and do not necessarily occur in a single order. The Hawaiian Islands", "572677e7708984140094c723": "Geologists use a number of field, laboratory", "572677e7708984140094c724": "Geologists use a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", "572677e7708984140094c725": " of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods", "572677e7708984140094c726": " modeling methods", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "probe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": " microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": " electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": " electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": " electron microprobe", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": " the field to understand metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": " be extrapolated to the field to understand metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "Petrologists can also use fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": " rock deformation in large and small settings", "57267d52708984140094c7da": " rock deformation in large and small settings", "57267d52708984140094c7db": " orientations of faults and folds in order to reconstruct the history of rock deformation", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": " oriented thin sections of geologic samples", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": " structural geology are those involving orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "-known experiments in structural geology are those involving orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": " tectonic plate boundaries", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": " tapered (all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": " tectonic plate boundaries", "57268066708984140094c821": "raphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", "57268066708984140094c822": "raphers often use computer programs", "57268066708984140094c823": " surveys that show the locations of stratigraphic units in the subsurface. Geophysical data and well logs can be combined", "57268066708984140094c824": "raphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", "57268066708984140094c825": "raphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": " outcrop and drill cores", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": " Magnetic stratigraphers look for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within the drill cores. Other scientists perform stable isotope studies", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": " reversals in igneous rock units within the drill cores. Other scientists perform stable isotope studies", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": " the laboratory, biostratigraphers analyze rock samples from outcrop and drill cores", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "1031\u2013", "572683f95951b619008f7526": " Fielding H. Garrison", "572683f95951b619008f7527": " Fielding H. Garrison", "572683f95951b619008f7528": " Fielding H. Garrison", "572683f95951b619008f7529": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia", "57268527708984140094c8bf": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c0": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "57268527708984140094c8c1": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "57268527708984140094c8c2": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": " 1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": " 1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": " 1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": " 1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": " 1809", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": " the doctrine of uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "ell", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": " the doctrine of uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": " the doctrine of uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": " the doctrine of uniformitarianism", "5726642f5951b619008f7157": " 103", "5726642f5951b619008f7158": " 103", "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "Newcastle upon Tyne (", "5726642f5951b619008f715a": " 103", "5726642f5951b619008f715b": "Newcastle", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": "The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": " \u00a3", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": " \u00a3", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle", "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": "The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle", "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": " 1589", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": " 1589", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": " 1589", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": " 1589", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": " 1589", "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": " 1538", "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside, giving a monopoly in the coal trade", "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": " 1538", "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside", "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": " 1538", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": " 1630s about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": " 1630s about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": " 1630s about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": " 1636, it is roughly estimated with evidence held by the Society of Antiquaries that 47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic", "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": " 1636, it is roughly estimated with evidence held by the Society of Antiquaries that 47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": " 16", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": " 16", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": " 16", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": " 16", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": " 1646\u20137", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": " 1842", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": " 1842", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": " 1842", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": " 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": " 1842", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": " medieval street layout", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": " medieval street layout", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": " medieval street layout", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": " medieval street layout", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": " medieval street layout", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": "The city has an extensive neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "The city has an extensive neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": "The city has an extensive neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": "The city has an extensive neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside Classical largely developed", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": "The city has an extensive neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": "Another green space in Newcastle", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": " green space in Newcastle", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": " green space in Newcastle", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": " Shearer, the late Nelson Mandela and the Royal Shakespeare Company. The Hoppings funfair", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": " Geldof", "57267076708984140094c601": "Large-scale regeneration has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments", "57267076708984140094c602": " bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", "57267076708984140094c603": "Large-scale regeneration", "57267076708984140094c604": " regeneration has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments", "57267076708984140094c605": " Bridge", "572671165951b619008f72b7": " 1835 and 18", "572671165951b619008f72b8": "The historic heart of Newcastle is the Grainger Town area", "572671165951b619008f72b9": " 1835 and 18", "572671165951b619008f72ba": "The historic heart of Newcastle", "572671e55951b619008f72d7": " 1808 called the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72d8": " 1808 called the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72d9": " 1808 called the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72da": " 1835", "572671e55951b619008f72db": " 1808 called the Butcher Market", "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "The climate in Newcastle is oceanic (", "57267383dd62a815002e8553": "The climate in Newcastle is oceanic (", "57267383dd62a815002e8554": "The climate in Newcastle is oceanic (", "57267383dd62a815002e8555": "The climate in Newcastle is oceanic (", "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "The climate in Newcastle is oceanic (K\u00f6ppen Cfb) and significantly mild", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": "1817\u2013", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": "1817\u2013", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": "1817\u2013", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": "1817\u2013", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": " 1838", "5726769c708984140094c711": "Other shopping destinations in Newcastle", "5726769c708984140094c712": " Tesco store", "5726769c708984140094c713": " Tesco store", "5726769c708984140094c714": " shopping destinations in Newcastle", "5726769c708984140094c715": " Grey's Monument, the relatively modern Eldon Garden and Monument Mall", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": "The Tyneside flat was the dominant housing form constructed", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "The Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "The Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "The Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "The Tyneside flat was the dominant housing form constructed", "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": " 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": ".8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": " 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": " 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": " 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", "572679c35951b619008f73db": " National Statistics", "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442", "572679c35951b619008f73dd": " around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics", "572679c35951b619008f73de": " around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics", "572679c35951b619008f73df": " around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": " same statistics, the average age of people living in Newcastle is 37.", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": " same statistics, the average age of people living in Newcastle is 37.8 (", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": " the same statistics, the average age of people living in Newcastle is 37.8 (", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": " is 37.8 (", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": " the average age of people living in Newcastle is 37.8 (", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": "The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie, and contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive word pronunciations", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": " Geordie", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "hyem\", meaning \"child\" and \"home\", respectively, are examples of Geordie", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": " Geordie", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": " Geordie", "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "hyem\", meaning \"child\" and \"home\", respectively, are examples of Geordie", "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": " Ear Institute", "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": " Ear Institute", "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": " Ear Institute", "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": " Ear Institute at the University College London, and Widex", "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": " Ear Institute", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", "57267f695951b619008f74bd": " 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74be": " 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74bf": " 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74c0": " 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74c1": " 1788", "5726800add62a815002e8750": "The city still contains many theatres. The largest, the Theatre Royal on Grey Street, first opened in 1837", "5726800add62a815002e8751": "The city still contains many theatres. The largest, the Theatre Royal on Grey Street, first opened in 1837", "5726800add62a815002e8752": " 1837", "5726800add62a815002e8753": " 1837", "5726800add62a815002e8754": "The city still contains many theatres. The largest, the Theatre Royal on Grey Street, first opened in 1837", "572680865951b619008f74e7": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle", "572680865951b619008f74e8": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle", "572680865951b619008f74e9": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle", "572680865951b619008f74ea": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle", "572680865951b619008f74eb": "The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": " Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": " Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": " Beer Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": " Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": " Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": " Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": " Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": " Festival", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": " Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": "Newcastle", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": "castle", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "castle", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "ateshead", "5726847f708984140094c8ab": " a folk-rock group with a strong Tyneside connection", "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "Lindisfarne", "5726847f708984140094c8ad": "Lindisfarne", "5726847f708984140094c8ae": " a folk-rock group with a strong Tyneside connection", "5726847f708984140094c8af": "Lindisfarne", "57268525dd62a815002e8806": "The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished between November 2006", "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished", "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished", "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished", "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished between November 2006 and May 2008; during the refurbishment works, the cinema relocated to the Old Town Hall", "57268692dd62a815002e8826": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268692dd62a815002e8827": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268692dd62a815002e8828": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268692dd62a815002e8829": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268692dd62a815002e882a": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "1939", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": "1951) and Payroll (1961", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "The earliest known movie featuring some exterior scenes filmed in the city is On the Night of the Fire (1939", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "The earliest known movie featuring some exterior scenes filmed in the city is On the Night of the Fire (1939", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "The earliest known movie featuring some exterior scenes filmed in the city is On the Night of the Fire (1939", "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": "Newcastle", "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "Newcastle has a horse racing course at Gosforth Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": "Newcastle has a horse racing course at Gosforth Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": "castle", "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "Newcastle has a horse racing course at Gosforth Park", "57268885dd62a815002e886a": " over five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK", "57268885dd62a815002e886b": "Newcastle", "57268885dd62a815002e886c": "Newcastle International Airport", "57268885dd62a815002e886d": "Newcastle International Airport", "57268885dd62a815002e886e": "Newcastle International Airport", "572689385951b619008f761b": " Grade One listed railway stations in the UK", "572689385951b619008f761c": " public portico. The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK", "572689385951b619008f761d": " public portico. The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK. Opened in 1850", "572689385951b619008f761e": " Grade One listed railway stations in the UK. Opened in 1850", "572689385951b619008f761f": " Grade One listed railway stations in the UK", "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": " Virgin Trains East", "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": " Virgin Trains East", "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": " operator Virgin Trains East", "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": " Coast", "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": " operator Virgin Trains East Coast", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "The city is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": " bridge was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": "The city is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": " bridge was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1981", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": " five phases between 1980 and 1984, and was Britain's first urban light rail transit system; two extensions were opened in 1991", "57268bb25951b619008f7645": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization", "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization", "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization", "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization", "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization", "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": " A696, which becomes the A68", "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": " A696, which becomes the A68", "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": " A", "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": " roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19", "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": " A696, which becomes the A68", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": " 3 main bus companies", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", "57269120708984140094ca59": " innovating and implementing contraflows on one way streets", "57269120708984140094ca5a": " cycling strategy in 1998", "57269120708984140094ca5b": " cycling strategy in 1998", "57269120708984140094ca5c": " innovating and implementing contraflows on one way streets", "57269120708984140094ca5d": " innovating and implementing contraflows on one way streets", "5726934f5951b619008f771d": " Ferry Terminal", "5726934f5951b619008f771e": " Ferry Terminal", "5726934f5951b619008f771f": " Ferry Terminal", "5726934f5951b619008f7720": " Ferry Terminal", "5726934f5951b619008f7721": " Ferry Terminal", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": " LEA-funded 11 to 18 schools", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": " 11 to 18 schools and seven independent schools with sixth forms in Newcastle", "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": " 11 to 18 schools and seven independent schools with sixth forms in Newcastle", "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": " 11 to 18 schools and seven independent schools with sixth forms in Newcastle", "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": " 11 to 18", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": " 1834", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": "The city has two universities", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": " 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": " 1834", "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": " 1834", "572699b55951b619008f778f": " cathedrals began their lives as parish churches. St Mary's became a cathedral in 1850", "572699b55951b619008f7790": "Newcastle has three cathedrals, the Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474", "572699b55951b619008f7791": "Newcastle", "572699b55951b619008f7792": "Newcastle has three cathedrals, the Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474", "572699b55951b619008f7793": "Newcastle has three cathedrals, the Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474", "57269b165951b619008f77b3": " 1726", "57269b165951b619008f77b4": " 1726", "57269b165951b619008f77b5": " 1726", "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "The Parish Church of St Andrew", "57269b165951b619008f77b7": "The Parish Church of St Andrew", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": " MetroCentre in Gateshead. The entrance to studio 5", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": " MetroCentre in Gateshead. The entrance to studio 5", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": " Tyne Tees", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": " Tyne Tees", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": " Tyne Tees", "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77d9": " 8 June", "57269d745951b619008f77da": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77db": "NE1fm", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": " 1770. Basil Hume", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "Charles Avison", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "Charles Avison", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": " 1770. Basil Hume, Archbishop of Westminster, was born in the city in 1923. Vice Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, 1", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": " 1770. Basil Hume", "57269fab5951b619008f7807": " Knopfler", "57269fab5951b619008f7808": " Knopfler", "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "icians Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler", "57269fab5951b619008f780a": " Knopfler", "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "Musicians Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler", "5726710b708984140094c61d": " 1852", "5726710b708984140094c61e": " 1852", "5726710b708984140094c61f": " 1852", "5726710b708984140094c620": " 1852", "572680ac708984140094c83d": " 1852", "572680ac708984140094c83e": " 1852", "572680ac708984140094c83f": " 1852", "572680ac708984140094c840": " 1852", "572680ac708984140094c841": " 1852", "57268294708984140094c877": " V&A covers 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries", "57268294708984140094c878": " V&A covers 12.5 acres (", "57268294708984140094c879": " V&A covers 12.5 acres (", "57268294708984140094c87a": "The V&A covers 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries", "57268294708984140094c87b": " V&A covers 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries", "572685cd5951b619008f7573": " 1851", "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "The V&A has its origins in the Great Exhibition of 1851", "572685cd5951b619008f7575": " 1852", "572685cd5951b619008f7576": " 1852", "572685cd5951b619008f7577": "The V&A has its origins in the Great Exhibition of 1851", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": "The official opening by Queen Victoria was on 22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": "1811\u2013", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": "1811\u2013", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "1811\u2013", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "1811\u2013", "57268f2c708984140094ca25": " a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", "57268f2c708984140094ca26": " a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", "57268f2c708984140094ca27": " a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", "57268f2c708984140094ca28": " a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", "57268f2c708984140094ca29": " a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", "572691d7708984140094ca6d": " concert", "572691d7708984140094ca6e": " concert", "572691d7708984140094ca6f": " museums was a hallmark of the directorship of Roy Strong", "572691d7708984140094ca70": "lecture by British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon", "57269656708984140094cafd": " V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee", "57269656708984140094cafe": " V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee", "57269656708984140094caff": " \u00a3", "57269656708984140094cb00": "The V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay", "57269656708984140094cb01": "The V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": " 1857", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": " 1857", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": " 1857", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": " 1857", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": " 1857", "57269c06708984140094cba1": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", "57269c06708984140094cba2": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", "57269c06708984140094cba3": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", "57269c06708984140094cba4": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", "57269c06708984140094cba5": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", "57269d68708984140094cbd7": "The interiors of the three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866", "57269d68708984140094cbd8": " 1866", "57269d68708984140094cbd9": " Green Dining Room 1866", "57269d68708984140094cbda": " Green Dining Room 1866", "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "The interiors of the three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866", "5726a0205951b619008f781b": " 1867", "5726a0205951b619008f781c": " 1867", "5726a0205951b619008f781d": " 1867", "5726a0205951b619008f781e": " 1867", "5726a0205951b619008f781f": " 1867", "5726a2445951b619008f7861": " 1885", "5726a2445951b619008f7862": " 1885", "5726a2445951b619008f7863": " 1885", "5726a2445951b619008f7864": " 1885", "5726a2445951b619008f7865": " 1885", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": "The main fa\u00e7ade, built from red brick and Portland stone, stretches 720 feet (", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": "The main fa\u00e7ade, built from red brick and Portland stone, stretches 720 feet (", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": " 1891", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": " 1891", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": " 1891", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": " twin entrances, Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": "Prince Albert", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Prince Albert", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "Prince Albert", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Prince Albert", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": " the first major work was the creation of new storage space for books in the Art Library in 1966", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": " the first major work was the creation of new storage space for books in the Art Library in 1966", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": " books in the Art Library in 1966", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": " the first major work was the creation of new storage space for books in the Art Library in 1966", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": " books in the Art Library in 1966", "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": "A few galleries were redesigned", "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": " recreated. This included two of the ten columns having their ceramic decoration replaced and the elaborate painted designs restored", "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": " redesigned", "5726afeb708984140094cdda": " few galleries were redesigned", "5726afeb708984140094cddb": " galleries were redesigned", "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": "The central garden was redesigned", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": " Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": " Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": "The central garden was redesigned by Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": "The central garden was redesigned by Kim Wilkie", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": " over 600,000 drawings, over 750,000 papers", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": " over 600,000 drawings, over 750,000 papers", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": " over 600,000 drawings, over 750,000 papers", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": " over 600,000 drawings, over 750,000 papers", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": " over 600,000 drawings, over 750,000 papers", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": " 1523", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": " 1523", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": " 1523", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": " 1523", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": " 1523", "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": " 20th century. The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": "The V&A holds over 19,000 items", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": "&A holds over 19,000 items", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": " 1731", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "The V&A holds over 19,000 items", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": " textiles", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": " textiles", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": " textiles", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "The Museum", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "The Museum", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": " T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "The Far Eastern collections include more than 70,000 works of art from the countries of East Asia: China, Japan and Korea", "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": " T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991", "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": " T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991", "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": " T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": "The Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986. The majority of exhibits date from 1550", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "1640", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": "1640", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": "1640", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": "The Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986. The majority of exhibits date from 1550", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": "The smaller galleries cover Korea", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "The smaller galleries cover Korea", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "The smaller galleries cover Korea", "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": "The smaller galleries", "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "The smaller galleries cover Korea", "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": " 1876", "5726c9a4708984140094d170": " 1876", "5726c9a4708984140094d171": " 1876", "5726c9a4708984140094d172": " 1876", "5726c9a4708984140094d173": " 1876", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": " Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": " whose papers are in the library are as diverse as Charles Dickens", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": " papers are in the library are as diverse as Charles Dickens", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": "ers whose papers are in the library are as diverse as Charles Dickens", "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": "ers whose papers are in the library are as diverse as Charles Dickens", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": " card catalogs. A computer system called MODES cataloging system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": " card catalogs. A computer system called MODES cataloging system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": " card catalogs. A computer system called MODES cataloging system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": "The National Art Library", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "The National Art Library", "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "The Victoria and Albert Museum", "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": "The Victoria and Albert Museum\u2019s Word and Image Department", "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": "The Victoria and Albert Museum", "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": " Word and Image Department", "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": " Word and Image Department", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": " European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": " European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": " Patrons who have influenced taste are also represented by works of art from their collections", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": " European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": " European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture. For instance, design in the Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture. For instance, design in the Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture. For instance, design in the Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture. For instance, design in the Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture. For instance, design in the Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": " glass case", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": " glass case", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": " glass case", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": " storeys high", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": " glass case", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": " 1762", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": " 1762", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": " 1762", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": " 1762", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": " 1762", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": " De Morgan and Bernard Leach", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": " De Morgan and Bernard Leach", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": " De Morgan and Bernard Leach", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": " De Morgan and Bernard Leach", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": " De Morgan and Bernard Leach", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": "1750", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": "1750", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": "1750", "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": "1750", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": "1750", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "The main gallery was redesigned", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": "The main gallery was redesigned", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "The main gallery was redesigned", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": "The main gallery was redesigned", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": "The main gallery was redesigned", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": " Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, Lord Frederic Leighton, Sir Samuel Luke Fildes and Aubrey Beardsley", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": " over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": "The collection of drawings includes over 10,000 British and 2,", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": "The collection", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": "The collection of drawings includes over 10,000 British and 2,", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": " Word and Image department", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": "The costume collection", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "The costume collection", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": " Word and Image department", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": " Word and Image department", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": " Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": " Costiff collection", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": " Costiff collection", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": " Costiff collection", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": " Costiff collection", "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": " 1859 and 1865, and includes several cassone. The John Jones Collection", "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": " 1859 and 1865, and includes several cassone. The John Jones Collection", "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "1780", "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "1780", "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": "1780", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": "1750", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": " 1580", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "1750", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": "1750", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": " 1580", "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": " 1806", "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": " 1806", "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": " 1806", "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": " 1806", "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": " 1806", "5726ee28708984140094d656": " 1496", "5726ee28708984140094d657": " 1496", "5726ee28708984140094d658": " 1496", "5726ee28708984140094d659": " 1496", "5726ee28708984140094d655": " 1496", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": "1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "1180", "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": " Musical Instruments gallery", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": " 1522", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": " 1522", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": " 1522", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": " 1522", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": " 1522", "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": " 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": " 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233", "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": " 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": " 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": " 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings", "5726f755708984140094d737": " 1758", "5726f755708984140094d738": " 1758", "5726f755708984140094d739": " 1758", "5726f755708984140094d73a": " 1758", "5726f90b708984140094d75d": " 1887", "5726f90b708984140094d75e": " 1887", "5726f90b708984140094d75f": " 1887", "5726f90b708984140094d760": " 1887", "5726f90b708984140094d761": " 1887", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": " sculpture collection at the V&A is the most comprehensive holding of post-classical European sculpture in the world", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": " approximately 22,000 objects in the collection that cover the period from about 400 AD to 1914", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "The sculpture collection", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "The sculpture", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": "The collection of Italian, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical sculpture (", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": " 1562, his finest work outside Italy), Bernini (Neptune and Triton c. 16", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": " 1562, his finest work outside Italy), Bernini (Neptune and Triton c. 16", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": " 1562, his finest work outside Italy), Bernini (Neptune and Triton c. 16", "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": " 1562, his finest work outside Italy), Bernini (Neptune and Triton c. 16", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": " public subscription", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": " public subscription", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": " public subscription", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": " World War I, although the statue of St John the Baptist had been purchased in 1902", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": "Rodin", "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Sculptors both British and Europeans who were based in Britain and whose work is in the collection include Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": "Sculptors both British and Europeans who were based in Britain and whose work is in the collection include Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "Sculptors both British and Europeans who were based in Britain and whose work is in the collection include Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "Sculptors", "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": " Tate Britain", "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": " Tate Britain", "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": " Tate Britain", "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": " Tate Britain", "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": " Tate Britain", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "idery, lace, tapestry and carpets", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "The collection of textiles", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": " lace, tapestry and carpets", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": "The collection of textiles", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "The collection of textiles", "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": " tapestry collection includes a fragment of the Cloth of St Gereon", "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "The tapestry", "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": "The tapestry collection includes a fragment of the Cloth of St Gereon", "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "The tapestry", "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": " tapestry collection includes a fragment of the Cloth of St Gereon", "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": " woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets", "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": " woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets", "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": " woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": " woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets", "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": " woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets", "57270817708984140094d8c7": " March 2009", "57270817708984140094d8c8": "The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries, formerly the Theatre Museum, opened in March 2009", "57270817708984140094d8c9": " March 2009", "57270817708984140094d8ca": "The V&A Theatre & Performance", "57270817708984140094d8cb": " March 2009", "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "Conservation", "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "Conservation", "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "Conservation", "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "Conservation", "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "Conservation", "57267b755951b619008f7433": "The American Broadcasting Company", "57267b755951b619008f7434": "The American Broadcasting Company", "57267b755951b619008f7435": "The American Broadcasting Company", "57267b755951b619008f7436": "The American Broadcasting Company", "57267b755951b619008f7437": "The American Broadcasting Company", "57267ca75951b619008f7469": " October 12", "57267ca75951b619008f746a": " October 12", "57267ca75951b619008f746b": " October 12", "57267ca75951b619008f746c": " October 12", "57267ca75951b619008f746d": " October 12", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": "The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": "The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": " television stations throughout the United States and its territories. Most Canadians have access to at least one U.S.-based ABC affiliate", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": "The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations", "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": " Radio Corporation of America", "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": " Radio Corporation of America", "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": " three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company", "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": " three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company", "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": " three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company", "572681ab708984140094c85d": " radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940", "572681ab708984140094c85e": " radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940", "572681ab708984140094c85f": " radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940", "572681ab708984140094c860": " a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940", "572681ab708984140094c861": " radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": " January 8, 1942", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": " January 8, 1942", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": " January 8, 1942", "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": " January 8, 1942", "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": " January 8, 1942", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": " $8 million", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": " $8 million", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": "Edward John Noble", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": " Noble", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": " Noble", "57268739708984140094c8ed": " public service, it aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman", "57268739708984140094c8ee": " tape recorder", "57268739708984140094c8ef": "ABC became an aggressive competitor to NBC and CBS", "57268739708984140094c8f0": "ABC became an aggressive competitor to NBC and CBS", "57268739708984140094c8f1": " tape recorder", "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": " $155 million in June 2000", "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": " $155 million in June 2000", "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": " $155 million in June 2000", "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": " $155 million in June 2000", "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": " $155 million in June 2000", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "The idea was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels, and affiliates", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": "The idea was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels, and affiliates", "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": "The idea was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels, and affiliates", "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": "The idea was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels, and affiliates to rebroadcast the network's programs", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": " coronation live due to respective issues with technical problems and flight delays. NBC's plane landed in Latin America[", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "The first attempts to internationalize the ABC", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "The first attempts to internationalize the ABC television network date back to the 1950s", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": "The first attempts to internationalize the ABC", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": "The first attempts", "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "ABC", "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "ABC", "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": "ABC", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": " New Year's Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": " New Year's Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": " New Year's Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": "Since 1974, ABC has generally aired Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": "'s New Year's Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve", "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": " ABC also broadcasts the morning news program Good Morning America", "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": "ABC", "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": " ABC also broadcasts the morning news program Good Morning America", "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": " ABC also broadcasts the morning news program Good Morning America", "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": "ABC", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": " college football season, during prime time on Saturday nights as part of the Saturday Night Football package. Due to the erratic and (", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "Sports programming is also provided on some weekend afternoons at any time from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": " college football season, during prime time on Saturday nights as part of the Saturday Night Football package. Due to the erratic and (", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": " college football season, during prime time on Saturday nights as part of the Saturday Night Football package. Due to the erratic and (", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": "9", "5726e860708984140094d579": " a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses", "5726e860708984140094d57a": " five applications for television station licenses", "5726e860708984140094d57b": " five applications for television station licenses", "5726e860708984140094d57c": " five applications for television station licenses", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": " DuMont Television Network", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": " DuMont Television Network", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": " the fall of 1949, ABC found itself in the position of an outsider, with less coverage than two of its competing networks, CBS and NBC", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": " the fall of 1949, ABC found itself in the position of an outsider, with less coverage than two of its competing networks, CBS and NBC", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": " movie theater operator United Paramount Theatres (UPT) was forced by the U.S. Supreme Court to become an independent entity", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": " movie theater operator United Paramount Theatres (UPT) was forced by the U.S. Supreme Court to become an independent entity", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": " $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": " $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": " $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": " Goldenson", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": "Leonard Goldenson", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": " June 6, 1951, the tentative agreement was approved by UPT's board", "5726ed12708984140094d645": " February 9", "5726ed12708984140094d646": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc", "5726ed12708984140094d647": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc", "5726ed12708984140094d648": " February 9", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "The network's flagship owned-and-operated station, WJZ-TV in New York City (later re-called WABC-TV", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": " May 5", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": "The network's flagship owned-and-operated station, WJZ-TV in New York City", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": " August 10", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": " The Flintstones", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "The 1960s would be marked by the rise of family-oriented series in an attempt by ABC", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": "The 1960s would be marked by the rise of family-oriented series in an attempt by ABC", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": "The 1960s would be marked by the rise of family-oriented series in an attempt by ABC", "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": " $7.5 million and initiated discussions to renew ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents, which was due to expire in 1961", "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": " $7.5 million and initiated discussions to renew ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents, which was due to expire in 1961", "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": " $7.5 million and initiated discussions to renew ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents, which was due to expire in 1961", "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": " $7.5 million and initiated discussions to renew ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents, which was due to expire in 1961", "572734af708984140094dae3": " promotional campaign focused around its circle logo", "572734af708984140094dae4": " Troika Design Group", "572734af708984140094dae5": " promotional campaign focused around its circle logo", "572734af708984140094dae6": " promotional campaign focused around its circle logo", "572735a15951b619008f86bf": "note theme tune was introduced", "572735a15951b619008f86c0": " Pittard Sullivan", "572735a15951b619008f86c1": " Pittard Sullivan", "572735a15951b619008f86c2": " Pittard Sullivan", "572736625951b619008f86d1": " gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan \"That Special Feeling\"", "572736625951b619008f86d2": " gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan \"That Special Feeling\"", "572736625951b619008f86d3": " gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan \"That Special Feeling\"", "572736625951b619008f86d4": " gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan \"That Special Feeling\"", "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": "The 1970s and 1980s saw the emergence of many graphical imaging packages", "572736fc5951b619008f86da": " gold letters, and as such, was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance", "572736fc5951b619008f86db": " gold letters, and as such, was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": " Paul Rand redesigned the ABC logo", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": " graphic designer Paul Rand redesigned the ABC logo", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": " graphic designer Paul Rand redesigned the ABC logo", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": " Paul Rand redesigned the ABC logo", "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": " six divisions", "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": " On October 19, 2005, ABC announced the restructuring of the group into six divisions", "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": " On October 19, 2005, ABC announced the restructuring of the group into six divisions", "57273954708984140094db05": " by ten ratings points, landing the network in fourth place, behind NBC, CBS and Fox", "57273954708984140094db06": " (by the following year, the combined season-ending average audience share of ABC, NBC and CBS represented only 32% of U.S. households", "57273954708984140094db07": " by ten ratings points, landing the network in fourth place, behind NBC, CBS and Fox (", "57273954708984140094db08": " by ten ratings points, landing the network in fourth place, behind NBC, CBS and Fox", "57273a0d708984140094db0d": " Soapnet and ABC prime time with ABC Family. 2002", "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "Networks affiliates", "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "Networks affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement", "57273a0d708984140094db10": "Networks affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": " December 31, 1999. ABC filed an emergency petition", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": " December 31, 1999. ABC filed an emergency petition", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": " April 30", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": " April 30", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": " The WB in September 2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": " The WB in September 2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": " The WB in September 2000", "57273c195951b619008f8721": " January 18", "57273c195951b619008f8722": " January 18", "57273c195951b619008f8723": " January 18", "57273c195951b619008f8724": " January 18", "57273d19708984140094db3d": " January 4, 1996, with the acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC being completed on February 9; following the sale, Disney renamed its new subsidiary ABC Inc", "57273d19708984140094db3e": " January 4, 1996, with the acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC being completed on February 9; following the sale, Disney renamed its new subsidiary ABC Inc", "57273d19708984140094db3f": " January 4, 1996, with the acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC being completed on February 9; following the sale, Disney renamed its new subsidiary ABC Inc", "57273d19708984140094db40": " January 4, 1996, with the acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC being completed on February 9; following the sale, Disney renamed its new subsidiary ABC Inc", "57273d19708984140094db41": " January 4, 1996, with the acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC being completed on February 9; following the sale, Disney renamed its new subsidiary ABC Inc", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": " ABC", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": " a major competitor. However, ABC's issues with its transition to color became secondary compared to the network's financial problems", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": " a major competitor. However, ABC's issues with its transition to color became secondary compared to the network's financial problems", "57273ef15951b619008f8751": " May 1", "57273ef15951b619008f8752": " May 1", "57273ef15951b619008f8753": " May 1", "57273f9d708984140094db51": " a problem emerged regarding the directions taken by ABC and UPT. In 1950, Noble appointed Robert Kintner to be ABC's president", "57273f9d708984140094db52": " Goldenson added to the confusion when, in October 1954, he proposed a merger between UPT and the DuMont Television Network", "57273f9d708984140094db53": " Goldenson added to the confusion when, in October 1954, he proposed a merger between UPT and the DuMont Television Network", "57273f9d708984140094db54": " Goldenson added to the confusion when, in October 1954, he proposed a merger between UPT and the DuMont Television Network", "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": " Goldenson had been trying since mid-19", "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": " Goldenson had been trying since mid-19", "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": " Gold", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": " 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca; Cheyenne (", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": "adapted from the 1947 film Wyoming Kid); Sugarfoot (", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": "ner tried with mixed success to adapt some of its most successful films", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": " Airing during the 1955\u201356 season, it showcased television adaptations of the 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca; Cheyenne (", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": " $500,000 and accrued a guarantee of $4.5 million in additional loans", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": " $", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": "Walt Disney", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": " $", "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": " $400,000\u2013", "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": " $400,000\u2013", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": " $400,000\u2013", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": " $400,000\u2013", "572743fb708984140094db93": " a turning point for ABC, as it began to pass CBS and NBC", "572743fb708984140094db94": " a turning point for ABC, as it began to pass CBS", "572743fb708984140094db95": " a turning point", "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": ")'s premier game of the week until 2006, when Sunday Night Football, which moved to NBC", "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": " a hit for the network", "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": ")'s premier game of the week until 2006, when Sunday Night Football, which moved to NBC", "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": " MNF move to ESPN", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": " $", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": " $", "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": " $", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": " January 17, 1972, Elton Rule", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": " January 2, 1971", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": " January 17, 1972, Elton Rule", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": " Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act which banned cigarette advertising from all television and radio networks, including ABC, when it took effect on January 2, 1971", "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": " the early 1970s, Michael Eisner, who joined ABC in 1966, became the network's program development manager", "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": " the early 1970s, Michael Eisner, who joined ABC in 1966, became the network's program development manager", "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": " the early 1970s, Michael Eisner, who joined ABC in 1966, became the network's program development manager", "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": " the early 1970s, Michael Eisner, who joined ABC in 1966, became the network's program development manager", "572748745951b619008f87b1": " AM America", "572748745951b619008f87b2": " November 3", "572748745951b619008f87b3": " November 3", "572748745951b619008f87b4": " AM America", "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "The 1970s were highlighted by several successful comedy, fantasy, action and superhero-", "5727492f708984140094dbb6": "The 1970s were highlighted by several successful comedy, fantasy, action and superhero-", "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "The 1970s were highlighted by several successful comedy, fantasy, action and superhero-", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": " September 13", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": " September 13", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": " September 13", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": " September 13", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": " September 13", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": "-TV", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "-TV", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "7 Lincoln Square\"", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": " West 66th Street; the facility that was built in its place is nicknamed \"7 Lincoln Square\"", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": " $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": " $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": " $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": " $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5", "57274cac708984140094dbdd": "ved by company management. ABC would reattempt such a concept in July 2004", "57274cac708984140094dbde": "ved by company management. ABC would reattempt such a concept in July 2004", "57274cac708984140094dbdf": "ved by company management. ABC would reattempt such a concept in July 2004", "57274cac708984140094dbe0": " ABC would reattempt such a concept in July 2004", "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "The Writers Guild of America", "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "The Writers Guild of America", "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "The Writers Guild of America", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": " December 22, Disney\u2013ABC Television Group announced a partnership with Apple Inc", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": " December 22, Disney\u2013ABC Television Group announced a partnership with Apple Inc", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": " December 22, Disney\u2013ABC Television Group announced a partnership with Apple Inc", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": " December 22, Disney\u2013ABC Television Group announced a partnership with Apple Inc", "57274f07708984140094dbed": " collapsed dramatically", "57274f07708984140094dbee": " the drama's lowest-rated season since its debut in 2004. Ratings for the once-instant hit Ugly Betty collapsed dramatically", "57274f07708984140094dbef": " the drama's lowest-rated season since its debut in 2004. Ratings for the once-instant hit Ugly Betty collapsed dramatically", "57274f07708984140094dbf0": " the drama's lowest-rated season since its debut in 2004. Ratings for the once-instant hit Ugly Betty collapsed dramatically", "5727504b5951b619008f881d": "-syn rules in 1970, ABC proactively created two companies: Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor", "5727504b5951b619008f881e": " syndication distributor", "5727504b5951b619008f881f": " FCC imposed its fin-syn rules in 1970, ABC proactively created two companies: Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor", "5727504b5951b619008f8820": " FCC imposed its fin-syn rules in 1970, ABC proactively created two companies: Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor", "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": " Selznick library", "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": " part of the library is the aforementioned Selznick library", "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": "znick library", "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": "Palomar theatrical library", "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": " WPVI-TV, the first two stations to carry the network's programming. As of March 2015[", "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": " WPVI-TV, the first two stations to carry the network's programming. As of March 2015[", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": " WPVI-TV, the first two stations to carry the network's programming. As of March 2015[", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": " WPVI-TV", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "The ABC logo has evolved many times since the network's creation in 1943", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "The ABC logo has evolved many times since the network's creation in 1943", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "The ABC logo has evolved many times since the network's creation in 1943", "57275573708984140094dc45": " 4:3 standard definition. All of the network's programming has been presented in HD since January 2012 (", "57275573708984140094dc46": " January 2012", "57275573708984140094dc47": " the only remaining program on the network's schedule that was broadcast in 4", "57275573708984140094dc48": " 4:3 standard definition. All of the network's programming has been presented in HD since January 2012", "57275650708984140094dc5f": " Hearst Television's 16 ABC-", "57275650708984140094dc60": "ABC's master feed is transmitted", "57275650708984140094dc61": "ABC", "57275650708984140094dc62": "ABC", "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "The network's troubles with sustaining existing series and gaining new hits spilled over into its 2010\u201311 schedule: ABC", "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": "The network's troubles with sustaining existing series and gaining new hits spilled over into its 2010\u201311 schedule: ABC", "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "The network's troubles with sustaining existing series and gaining new hits spilled over into its 2010\u2013", "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "The network's troubles with sustaining existing series and gaining new hits spilled over into its 2010\u2013", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": " April 14", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": " April 14", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": " April 14", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": " seven months. The 2011\u2013", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": " April 14, 2011, ABC canceled the long-running soap operas All My Children", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": "The 2013\u201314 season was a slight improvement for ABC", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "The 2013\u201314 season was a slight improvement for ABC", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": "The 2013\u2013", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": "The 2013\u2013", "57275a505951b619008f889f": " The Middle and Modern Family, the latter of which was both a critical and commercial success. Shark Tank", "57275a505951b619008f88a0": " The Middle and Modern Family, the latter of which was both a critical and commercial success. Shark Tank", "57275a505951b619008f88a1": " Tank", "57275a505951b619008f88a2": " The Middle and Modern Family, the latter of which was both a critical and commercial success. Shark Tank", "57275bfb708984140094dc97": " Burke", "57275bfb708984140094dc98": " Iger", "57275bfb708984140094dc99": " Burke", "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": " Burke", "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": " Burke", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", "57275e125951b619008f88d7": " May 9", "57275e125951b619008f88d8": " May 9", "57275e125951b619008f88d9": " May 9, 1960, WLS launched a new lineup consisting of ABC Radio programming", "57275e125951b619008f88da": " May 9, 1960, WLS launched a new lineup consisting of ABC Radio programming", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": " Sports Programs, Inc", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": " Sports Programs, Inc", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": " April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports, an anthology series created by Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": " April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports, an anthology series created by Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": "atres;[", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": "atres;[", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": " corporate entity, American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, was renamed as the American Broadcasting Companies", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "atres;[", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": " the three major networks represented 90% of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S.). Several flagship series debuted on the network", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": " three major networks represented 90% of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S.). Several flagship series debuted on the network", "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": " three major networks represented 90% of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S.). Several flagship series debuted on the network", "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": " the three major networks represented 90% of all prime-time television viewership", "5727623a5951b619008f8921": " January 4", "5727623a5951b619008f8922": " January 4", "5727623a5951b619008f8923": " January 4", "5727623a5951b619008f8924": " January 4", "572763a8708984140094dcd9": "/ABC", "572763a8708984140094dcda": " Capital Cities/ABC", "572763a8708984140094dcdb": " Daniel B. Burke", "572763a8708984140094dcdc": " Murphy", "572763a8708984140094dcdd": " Cities/ABC", "572764855951b619008f8951": "Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8952": "Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8953": "Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8954": "Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": " WPVI-TV", "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": " affiliations with low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in a few markets", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": " simulcasts on a subchannel", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": " WPVI-TV", "57276690708984140094dd01": "All of ABC's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates", "57276690708984140094dd02": "All of ABC's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates", "57276690708984140094dd03": "All of ABC's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates have had their own facilities and studios, but transverse entities have been created", "57276690708984140094dd04": "All of ABC's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates have had their own facilities and studios, but transverse entities have been created", "5727678e5951b619008f8973": " Good Morning America and Nightline are broadcast from this particular facility", "5727678e5951b619008f8974": " Good Morning America and Nightline are broadcast from this particular facility", "5727678e5951b619008f8975": " Good Morning America and Nightline are broadcast from this particular facility", "5727678e5951b619008f8976": " Good Morning America and Nightline are broadcast from this particular facility", "572768d9708984140094dd13": " VOD service called ABC on Demand, which is carried on most traditional cable and IPTV providers. The Walt Disney Company", "572768d9708984140094dd14": "ABC", "572768d9708984140094dd15": " July 6", "572768d9708984140094dd16": "ABC", "572769e85951b619008f8985": "The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand", "572769e85951b619008f8986": "The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand", "572769e85951b619008f8987": "The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand", "572769e85951b619008f8988": " January 7", "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": " May 14, 2013, and officially introduced on-air on June 17", "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": " May 14, 2013, and officially introduced on-air on June 17", "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": " May 14, 2013, and officially introduced on-air on June 17", "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": " May 14, 2013, and officially introduced on-air on June 17", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": " by 30% ($100 million) and CBS's rose by 44% ($", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": " by 30% ($100 million) and CBS's rose by 44% ($", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": " by 30% ($100 million) and CBS's rose by 44% ($117 million). However that year, ABC had only 14 primary affiliates", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": " by 30% ($100 million) and CBS's rose by 44% ($", "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": " Goldenson, this meant that an hour of ABC programming reported five times lower viewership than its competitors. However, the network's intake of money", "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "-TV in Youngstown, Ohio", "57276d7f708984140094dd41": " Wheeling, West Virginia", "57276d7f708984140094dd42": " money", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": " September 3", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "ouchables in April 1959. The series went on to quickly become \"", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": " a fifth of all primetime series on American television in January 1959, at which point detective shows were beginning to rise in popularity", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": " September 3", "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": " $15.", "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": " $15.", "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": " $15.", "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": " $15.", "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": " $15.", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": " ITT going to trial in October 1967", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": " ITT going to trial", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": " December 7, 1965, Goldenson announced a merger proposal with ITT to ABC management", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": " December 7", "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": " March 18, 1985, with Capital Cities purchasing ABC and its related properties for $3.5 billion and $", "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": " March 18, 1985", "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": " March 18, 1985", "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": " March 16, 1985, ABC's executive committee accepted the merger offer, which was formally announced on March 18, 1985", "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": " March 18, 1985, with Capital Cities purchasing ABC and its related properties for $3.5 billion and $", "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": " January 3, 1986, the combined company \u2013 which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc", "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": " January 3, 1986, the combined company \u2013 which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc", "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": " January 3, 1986, the combined company \u2013 which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc", "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": " January 3, 1986, the combined company \u2013 which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc", "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": " January 3, 1986, the combined company \u2013 which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc", "57277585708984140094de2b": " four of ABC's marquee shows of the 1970s ended their runs during the mid-1980s: Laverne & Shirley", "57277585708984140094de2c": " NBC had regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984 on the success of series such as The Cosby Show, Cheers and Miami Vice", "57277585708984140094de2d": " a decade of ratings trouble, NBC had regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984", "57277585708984140094de2e": " four of ABC's marquee shows of the 1970s ended their runs during the mid-1980s: Laverne & Shirley", "57277585708984140094de2f": " four of ABC's marquee shows of the 1970s ended their runs during the mid-1980s: Laverne & Shirley", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": " initial success of these series, ABC revamped its Friday night schedule", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": " 1989 debut of the \"TGIF\" block (", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": " ABC revamped its Friday night schedule", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": " ABC revamped its Friday night schedule", "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": " $1 million in shares and $", "572776e85951b619008f8a80": " $1 million in shares and $", "572776e85951b619008f8a81": " $1 million in shares and $", "572776e85951b619008f8a82": " $1 million in shares and $1.5 million in bonds", "572776e85951b619008f8a83": " seven radio stations", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": " western series (as well as series such as the actioner Zorro) went up against and defeated the variety shows aired by NBC and CBS", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": " Goldenson give the network a continuum between film and television. ABC", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": " Goldenson give the network a continuum between film and television. ABC", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": " Goldenson give the network a continuum between film and television. ABC", "57277af2708984140094dec3": "\" brand used by the streaming services of Disney's television networks), live streams of ABC stations are only available to authenticated subscribers", "57277af2708984140094dec4": "&O WABC-TV", "57277af2708984140094dec5": "&O WABC-TV", "57277af2708984140094dec6": "\" brand used by the streaming services of Disney's television networks), live streams of ABC stations are only available to authenticated subscribers", "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094deda": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094dedd": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": " a lot more consistency and continuity to the visual representation of ABC\". The ABC logo was also significantly redesigned", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": " June 16, 2007, ABC began to phase in a new imaging campaign", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": " June 16, 2007, ABC began to phase in a new imaging campaign", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": " June 16, 2007, ABC began to phase in a new imaging campaign for the upcoming 2007\u201308 season, \"", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": "The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa, Florida (WFTS-TV", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa, Florida (", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa, Florida (", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa, Florida (WFTS-TV", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", "5726a00d708984140094cc25": " \u00d6gedei Khan as his successor", "5726a00d708984140094cc26": " 1227", "5726a00d708984140094cc27": " 1227", "5726a00d708984140094cc28": " 1227 after defeating the Western Xia. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia", "5726a00d708984140094cc29": " 1227 after defeating the Western Xia. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": " 1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": " 1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": " 1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": " 1162", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": "\u00fcjin had three brothers named Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": "\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": "\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": "\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": "\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": " Hoelun and her children lived in poverty", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": " Hoelun and her children lived in poverty", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": " Hoelun and her children lived in poverty", "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": " Hoelun and her children lived in poverty", "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": " 11", "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner", "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner", "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner", "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner", "5726a784708984140094ccff": "ederations of Mongolia were united", "5726a784708984140094cd00": "ederations of Mongolia were united", "5726a784708984140094cd01": " tribal confederations of Mongolia were united", "5726a784708984140094cd02": "ederations of Mongolia were united", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": " a son, Jochi (1185", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": " a son, Jochi (1185", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": " a son, Jochi (1185", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": " a son, Jochi (1185", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": " a son, Jochi (1185", "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "1190\u20131232", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232). Genghis Khan", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": " 1197", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": " 1197", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": " 1197", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": " 1197", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": " 1197", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": " 11", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": " 11", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": " 1186, Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": " 11", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": " 11", "5726ae32708984140094cdab": " orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family. These political innovations inspired great loyalty among the conquered people", "5726ae32708984140094cdac": " absolute obedience", "5726ae32708984140094cdad": " orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family. These political innovations inspired great loyalty among the conquered people", "5726ae32708984140094cdae": " absolute obedience", "5726af765951b619008f7a51": " Toghrul and Tem\u00fcjin", "5726af765951b619008f7a52": " Toghrul and Tem\u00fcjin", "5726af765951b619008f7a53": " the later ruptures between Toghrul and Tem\u00fcjin", "5726af765951b619008f7a54": " Toghrul and Tem\u00fcjin", "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin was the Naimans (Naiman Mongols", "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin was the Naimans (Naiman Mongols", "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin", "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin was the Naimans (Naiman Mongols", "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin was the Naimans", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": " the Secret History, Tem\u00fcjin again offered his friendship to Jamukha", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": " noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": " the Secret History, Tem\u00fcjin again offered his friendship to Jamukha", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": " noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood", "5726b879708984140094cf01": " Genghis Khan", "5726b879708984140094cf02": " deep interest in gathering good intelligence and understanding the motivations of his rivals, exemplified by his extensive spy network and Yam route systems", "5726b879708984140094cf03": " Genghis Khan", "5726b879708984140094cf04": " Genghis Khan", "5726b879708984140094cf05": " Genghis Khan", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": " by 12", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": " 12", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": " 12", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": " Mongol chiefs, Tem\u00fcjin was acknowledged as \"Khan\"", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": " 12", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": " 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": " 12", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": " 12", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": " 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": " 12", "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": "ug, the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "ug, the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": " By this time the Mongol army was exhausted", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "ug, the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "ug, the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation", "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": " the invading Mongols were forced to change strategies and resort to inciting internal revolt", "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": " the invading Mongols were forced to change strategies and resort to inciting internal revolt", "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": " internal revolt", "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": " the invading Mongols were forced to change strategies and resort to inciting internal revolt", "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": " small force, the invading Mongols were forced to change strategies and resort to inciting internal revolt", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": " the Khwarazmian dynasty was governed by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad. Genghis Khan", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": " Inalchuq, the governor of the Khwarezmian city of Otrar, attacked the caravan that came from Mongolia", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": " the Khwarazmian dynasty was governed by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad. Genghis Khan", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": " Inalchuq, the governor of the Khwarezmian city of Otrar, attacked the caravan that came from Mongolia", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": " Inalchuq, the governor of the Khwarezmian city of Otrar, attacked the caravan that came from Mongolia", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": "The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": "The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feuds", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feuds and by the Shah's decision to divide his army", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feuds", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feuds and by the Shah's decision to divide his army", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feuds and by the Shah's decision to divide his army", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": "The Mongols", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": "The Mongols' conquest, even by their own standards, was brutal", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "The Mongols", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies as body shields", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "The Mongols", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "The city of Bukhara was not heavily fortified", "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": "The city of Bukhara was not heavily fortified", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "The city of Bukhara was not heavily fortified", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "The city of Bukhara was not heavily fortified", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": "The city of Bukhara was not heavily fortified", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": " 1220", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": " 1220", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": " 1220", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": " 1220", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": " 1220", "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary", "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary", "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary and Europe", "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary", "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "The Mongols", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": " 12", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": " 12", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": " 12", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": " 12", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": " 12", "57272dd55951b619008f8697": " 12", "57272dd55951b619008f8698": " 12", "57272dd55951b619008f8699": " 12", "57272dd55951b619008f869a": " 12", "57272dd55951b619008f869b": " 12", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": " The Secret History of the Mongols", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": "The succession of Genghis Khan", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": "The succession of Genghis Khan", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": "The succession of Genghis Khan", "57272ff2708984140094dabd": " Khan", "57272ff2708984140094dabe": " (particularly between Chagatai and Jochi) and worried of possible conflict between them", "57272ff2708984140094dabf": " (particularly between Chagatai and Jochi) and worried of possible conflict between them", "57272ff2708984140094dac0": " Tolui, Genghis Khan's youngest son, was not to be his successor", "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": " 1226, during his father's lifetime. Some scholars, notably Ratchnevsky, have commented on the possibility that Jochi was secretly poisoned", "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "ochi died in 1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": " 1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "ochi died in 1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86af": " Jochi was secretly poisoned by an order from Genghis Khan", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": " The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": " The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": " The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": " The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": " The Secret History of the Mongols", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": " Genghis Khan asked to be buried without markings, according to the customs of his tribe. After he died, his body was returned to Mongolia", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": ". After he died, his body was returned to Mongolia", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": "ghis Khan asked to be buried without markings, according to the customs of his tribe. After he died, his body was returned to Mongolia", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": ". After he died, his body was returned to Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": " mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": " mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": " mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": " mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": " mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daeb": " October 6", "57273581708984140094daec": " October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daed": " October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daee": " October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": "The Mongol Empire was governed by a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": "The Mongol Empire was governed by a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": "The Mongol Empire was governed by a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "The Mongol Empire was governed by a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "The Mongol Empire was governed by a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": " tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers", "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": " were tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers", "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": " were tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers", "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": " were tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers", "572739a75951b619008f86f7": ". However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary peoples", "572739a75951b619008f86f8": ". However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary peoples", "572739a75951b619008f86f9": ". However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary peoples", "572739a75951b619008f86fa": ". However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary peoples", "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": " Khan", "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": " Khan", "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": ". He also realised that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people", "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "Genghis Khan", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": " Jebe and Subutai", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Genghis Khan", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": " Khan", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": " Jebe and Subutai", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": " Jebe and Subutai", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": " 1279", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": " 1279", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": " 1279", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": " 1227", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "5727404b708984140094db59": " the early 1990s the memory of Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity has had a powerful revival", "5727404b708984140094db5a": "ongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", "5727404b708984140094db5b": "ongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", "5727404b708984140094db5c": "ongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", "5727404b708984140094db5d": "ongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": " Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": " Mongolia today, Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": " Mongolia", "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": " trivialization", "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": " Mongolia", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "Genghis Khan", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": "hiagi", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": "orj sees Genghis Khan as a leader from whom to learn for anti-corruption efforts as Genghis Khan sought equal protection under the law", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": "orj sees Genghis Khan as a leader from whom to learn for anti-corruption efforts as Genghis Khan sought equal protection under the law", "57275250708984140094dc25": " around 5 million, almost twice the population of Mongolia", "57275250708984140094dc26": " conflicting views of Genghis Khan", "57275250708984140094dc27": " conflicting views of Genghis Khan in the People's Republic of China", "57275250708984140094dc28": " conflicting views of Genghis Khan", "57275250708984140094dc29": " conflicting views of Genghis Khan in the People's Republic of China", "572753af708984140094dc2f": "ocidal warlord who caused enormous damage and destruction to the population of these areas. Steven R. Ward", "572753af708984140094dc30": "ocidal warlord who caused enormous damage and destruction to the population of these areas. Steven R. Ward", "572753af708984140094dc31": "ocidal warlord who caused enormous damage and destruction to the population of these areas. Steven R. Ward", "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders", "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "The invasions of Baghdad", "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "The invasions of Baghdad", "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "The invasions of Baghdad", "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "The invasions of Baghdad", "572756715951b619008f8877": " the famous Mughal emperors were proud descendants of Genghis Khan and particularly Timur, they clearly distanced themselves from the Mongol atrocities", "572756715951b619008f8878": " the famous Mughal emperors were proud descendants of Genghis Khan", "572756715951b619008f8879": " the famous Mughal emperors were proud descendants of Genghis Khan", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": "atalised version of the Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis, meaning \"ocean\", \"oceanic\" or \"wide-", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": " Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis, meaning \"ocean\", \"oceanic\" or \"wide-spreading\". (", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": " Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis, meaning \"ocean\", \"oceanic\" or \"wide-spreading\". (", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": " Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis, meaning \"ocean\", \"oceanic\" or \"wide-spreading\". (", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": " Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis, meaning \"ocean\", \"oceanic\" or \"wide-spreading\". (", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": " \u6210\u5409", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": " \u6210\u5409", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": " \u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": " \u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": " \u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "The word pharmacy", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "The word pharmacy", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "The word pharmacy", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "The word pharmacy", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "The word pharmacy", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "ists", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": " various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": " various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": " PhT", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": " Council (GPhC) register", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": " Pharmacy Technician", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": " a pharmacist", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": " Pharmacy Technician", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": " De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": " De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": " De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": " De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": " De Materia Medica", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "1868", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "1868", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "1868", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "1868", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "1868", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": " 1221", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": " 1221", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": " 1221", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": " 1221", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": " 1221", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": " pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend towards the use of trained pharmacy technicians", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": " pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend towards the use of trained pharmacy technicians", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": " pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend towards the use of trained pharmacy technicians", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": " pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend towards the use of trained pharmacy technicians", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": " pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend towards the use of trained pharmacy technicians", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": " a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area. Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": " a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area. Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": " a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area. Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": " a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area. Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "Hospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "Hospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "ospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "ospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "Hospital pharmacies", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": " the clinical pharmacy movement", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "Pharmacists provide direct patient care", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": " patient care services", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "Pharmacists provide direct patient care services", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "Pharmacists provide direct patient care services", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "The clinical pharmacist's role involves creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "The clinical pharmacist's role involves creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "The clinical pharmacist's role involves creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "The clinical pharmacist's role involves creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": " ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "criptive and diagnostic authority. In 2011 the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approved ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": " ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": " ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": " ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "Consultant pharmacy", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "Consultant pharmacy", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Consultant pharmacy practice focuses more on medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "Consultant pharmacy practice focuses more on medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "itutional settings. Traditionally consultant pharmacists were usually independent business owners, though in the United States many now work for several large pharmacy management companies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": " about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": " about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": " about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": " about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": " about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": " dispensing substandard products", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": " dispensing substandard products", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": " dispensing substandard products", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": " dispensing substandard products", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "While most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs", "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": "itioner who has an established doctor-patient relationship. There are many instances where a practitioner issues a prescription, brokered by an Internet server", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "itioner who has an established doctor-patient relationship. There are many instances where a practitioner issues a prescription, brokered by an Internet server", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "itioner who has an established doctor-patient relationship. There are many instances where a practitioner issues a prescription, brokered by an Internet server", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "itioner who has an established doctor-patient relationship. There are many instances where a practitioner issues a prescription, brokered by an Internet server", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "itioner who has an established doctor-patient relationship. There are many instances where a practitioner issues a prescription, brokered by an Internet server", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": " Internet pharmacies", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": " Internet pharmacies", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": " the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": " the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": " the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": " drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": " drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": " many practice areas of pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": " vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "Pharmacy informatics", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": " vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": " many practice areas of pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "ty pharmacies", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": " complex disease states", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": " complex disease states", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": " complex disease states", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": " complex disease states", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": " may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": " (such as the United States), pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": " (such as the United States), pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians. These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": " may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": " may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": " rural areas in the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": " rural areas in the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": " rural areas in the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": " rural areas in the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians who are allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "The reason for the majority rule", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": " dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills. In particular, Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": " dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills. In particular, Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": " patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": " dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills. In particular, Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": " patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": " remunerated by their provincial government for expanded services such as medications reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": " Medicines Reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": " remunerated by their provincial government for expanded services such as medications reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": " pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": " remunerated by their provincial government for expanded services such as medications reviews", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "The two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries are the mortar and pestle", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": " typed text. The show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": " typed text. The show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "The two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "The two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy", "5726e65e708984140094d53d": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "5726e65e708984140094d53e": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "5726e65e708984140094d53f": "The immune system", "5726e65e708984140094d540": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": "The immune system", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "The immune system", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism", "5726eb785951b619008f8275": " multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8276": " a rudimentary immune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8277": " a rudimentary immune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8278": " multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": " multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": " multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": " a rudimentary immune system", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": " defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": " the immune system", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": " 430 BC. Thucydides", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": " 430 BC. Thucydides", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": " Thucydides", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": " 430 BC. Thucydides", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Immunology", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": " The earliest known reference to immunity was during the plague of Athens in 430 BC. Thucydides", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": " 430 BC. Thucydides", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": " 430 BC. Thucydides", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "The immune system", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "The immune system", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "The immune system protects organisms from infection", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "The immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "The immune system protects organisms", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": " the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": " immune response", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": " the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": " adaptive immunity", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": " immune response", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": " toxins", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": " toxins", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "organisms or toxins", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "organisms or toxins", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": " barriers also protect against infection", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": " illness", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": " cause illness", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": " a healthy balance of microbial populations in intestinal infections in children", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": " a healthy balance of microbial populations in intestinal infections in children", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": ". The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": ". The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "oids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": " first responses of the immune system to infection. The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "Phagocytosis", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": " cellular innate immunity performed by cells called 'phagocytes'", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": " phagocyte, it becomes trapped in an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": " vesicle called a lysosome to form a phagolysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": " cellular innate immunity performed by cells called 'phagocytes'", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": " a wide array of chemicals including enzymes, complement proteins, and regulatory factors", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": " a wide array of chemicals including enzymes, complement proteins, and regulatory factors such as interleukin 1.", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "Neutrophils", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": " engulfing and then killing microorganisms. Innate cells are also important mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "Leukocytes", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": " a link between the bodily tissues and the innate and adaptive immune systems", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": " no way connected to the nervous system", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": " a link between the bodily tissues and the innate and adaptive immune systems", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": " a link between the bodily tissues and the innate and adaptive immune systems", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": " a cell-surface marker called MHC I", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "Natural killer cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "Natural killer cells", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "The adaptive immune system", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": " a stronger immune response as well as immunological memory, where each pathogen is \"remembered\" by a signature antigen", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "The adaptive immune system", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": " T cell", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": " B cells and T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": " T cell", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": " T cell", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": " T cell", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": " a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": " a sub-group of T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": " MHC Class I receptor of another cell. Recognition of this MHC:antigen complex", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": " a sub-", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": " a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": " cell receptors", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": " MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": " MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": " T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": " a memory phenotype", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": " T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": " a memory phenotype", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "ma delta T cells", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "A B cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": " a specific foreign antigen. This antigen/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": " cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": " B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": " B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": " B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": " Several layers of passive protection are provided by the mother. During pregnancy, a particular type of antibody, called IgG, is transported from mother to baby", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "Newborn", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "Newborn", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "Newborn", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": " and innate immune responses", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": " the immune system", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "Hormones can act as immunomodulators, altering the sensitivity of the immune system", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "Hormones can act as immunomodulators, altering the sensitivity of the immune system", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": " a lower immune response", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": " a lower immune response", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": " a lower immune response", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": " progressive decline in hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals. Conversely, some hormones are regulated by the immune system", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": " weakened immune responses", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": " a progressive decline in hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": " weakened immune responses", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": " a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": " a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": " a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": " phagocytic cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": " a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": " antibodies react with \"self\" peptides", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": " the other end of immune dysfunction", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": " the other end of immune dysfunction", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": " the other end of immune dysfunction", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "iencies occur when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive. The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "iencies occur when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive. The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "iencies occur when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive. The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": ". The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": ". The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": " T cells", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": " cells", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": " T cells", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": " cells", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to elude host immune responses", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to elude host immune responses", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to elude host immune responses", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to elude host immune responses", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": " Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": " clonal selection theory (CST)", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": " new discoveries regarding histocompatibility or the complex \"two-signal\" activation of T cells", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": " Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST)", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": ". Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": ". Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": " the killing is indiscriminate and other constantly dividing cells and their organs are affected", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": " the killing is indiscriminate and other constantly dividing cells and their organs are affected", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": " an effective response against any intruding pathogens", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": " any intruding pathogens", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": " elicit an effective response against any intruding pathogens", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": " any intruding pathogens", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": " T-cell encounters a foreign pathogen", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": " calcitriol, but the T-cell expresses the gene CYP27B1", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": " calcitriol, but the T-cell expresses the gene CYP27B1", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "-cell expresses the gene CYP27B1", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": " T-cell expresses the gene CYP27B1", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "tebrate life. Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway are conserved across all eukaryotes", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": " peptides called defensins are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": " receptors", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "tebrate life. Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway are conserved across all eukaryotes", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": " a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": " the adaptive immune system", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": " a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": " a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": " a multicomponent, adaptive immune system arose", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "ocytes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": " a unique defense mechanism, called the restriction modification system to protect themselves from viral pathogens", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": " a unique defense mechanism, called the restriction modification system", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": " the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Immunology", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "Immunology", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": " the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": " a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": " some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become cancers", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": " a reduced number of MHC class I molecules on their surface", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "HC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": " a reduced number of MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": " immune response that damages the body's own tissues", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": " hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE, which triggers degranulation of mast cells", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": " hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE, which triggers degranulation of mast cells", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": " hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE, which triggers degranulation of mast cells", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": " hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE, which triggers degranulation of mast cells", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "An evasion strategy used by several pathogens", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": " several pathogens", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": " several pathogens", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": " several pathogens", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "An evasion strategy used by several pathogens", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "Another important role of the immune system is to identify and eliminate tumors. This is called immune surveillance", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": " transformed cells of tumors express antigens that are not found on normal cells", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": " A third possible source of tumor antigens are proteins normally important for regulating cell growth and survival", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": " A third possible source of tumor antigens are proteins normally important for regulating cell growth and survival", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": " A third possible source of tumor antigens are proteins normally important for regulating cell growth and survival", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": " a neutralizing immune response", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": " a neutralizing immune response", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": " a neutralizing immune response", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": " a neutralizing immune response", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": " a neutralizing immune response", "572a12386aef051400155234": " a pro-inflammatory state through the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-12", "572a12386aef051400155235": " a pro-inflammatory state through the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-12", "572a12386aef051400155236": " a pro-inflammatory state through the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-12", "572a12386aef051400155237": " a pro-inflammatory state through the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-12", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": " antibodies that have attached to these microbes or the binding of complement proteins to carbohydrates on the surfaces of microbes. This recognition signal triggers a rapid killing response", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": " antibodies", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": " antibodies that have attached to these microbes", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": " antibodies that have attached to these microbes or the binding of complement proteins to carbohydrates on the surfaces of microbes. This recognition signal triggers a rapid killing response", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860c": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860d": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": " the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws. It has been used in many nonviolent resistance movements in India", "57271c235951b619008f860f": " the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws. It has been used in many nonviolent resistance movements in India", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": " nonviolent resistance movements in India", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", "57271f125951b619008f8635": " the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8636": " the oldest depictions of civil disobedience", "57271f125951b619008f8637": " Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8639": " the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": " the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": " the oldest depictions of civil disobedience", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": " the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": " Sophocles' play Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone", "5727213c708984140094da35": " 1819, poet Percy Shelley", "5727213c708984140094da36": " The Mask of Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da38": " The Mask of Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da39": " The Mask of Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da37": " The Mask of Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": " The Mask of Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": " The Mask of Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": " The Mask of Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": " The Mask of Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": " The Mask of Anarchy", "572726c9708984140094da7b": " Cohen", "572726c9708984140094da7e": " Cohen", "572726c9708984140094da7c": " Cohen", "572726c9708984140094da7d": " Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": " the term \"civil disobedience\" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": " Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": " Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": " Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": " Cohen", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": " a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": " a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": " a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "LeGrande", "57280f974b864d1900164370": " disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164371": " public official rather than private citizen", "57280f974b864d1900164372": " public official rather than private citizen", "57280f974b864d1900164373": " disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164374": " disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": " public official rather than private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": " public official rather than private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": " public official rather than private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": " public official rather than private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": " public official rather than private citizen", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": " Thoreau", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": ", this definition is disputed by Thoreau", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": " Thoreau", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": " Thoreau", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": " Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": " Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": " Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": " Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": ", this definition is disputed by Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": " Thoreau", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": " Brownlee", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities. Brownlee argues", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities. Brownlee argues", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": " Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": " Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": " Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": " Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": " Brownlee", "572818f54b864d190016446c": " The Fully Informed Jury", "572818f54b864d190016446d": " The Fully Informed Jury", "572818f54b864d190016446e": " The Fully Informed Jury", "572818f54b864d190016446f": " The Fully Informed Jury", "572818f54b864d1900164470": " The Fully Informed Jury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "mann", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": " The Fully Informed Jury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": " The Fully Informed Jury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": " The Fully Informed Jury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": " The Fully Informed Jury", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": " Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": " civil disobedience must necessarily be non-violent. Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": " Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": " Law", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": " Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": " Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": " Law", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": " Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": " Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": " disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": " Gandhi", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": " Gandhi", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": " a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": " Gandhi", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": " Gandhi", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": " Gandhi", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": " Gandhi", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": " Gandhi", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": " The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience", "572822233acd2414000df555": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "572822233acd2414000df556": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "572822233acd2414000df557": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "572822233acd2414000df558": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire[", "572822233acd2414000df559": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire[", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": " a variety of different illegal acts", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": " a variety of different illegal acts. Bed", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": " a variety of different illegal acts. Bedau", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "Civil disobedients", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": " disobedients", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": " a variety of different illegal acts. Bedau", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "Civil disobedients", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "Civil disobedients", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "Civil disobedients", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": " a variety of different illegal acts. Bedau", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": " speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\"", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": " criminalized behavior is pure speech", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": " criminalized behavior is pure speech", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": " Brownlee", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": " Brownlee", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": " Brownlee", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": " The Plowshares organization", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": " The Plowshares organization", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": " Brownlee", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": " The Plowshares organization", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": " Brownlee", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": " Brownlee", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": " criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": " criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "Many of the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": " criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": " criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "Some civil disobedients", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "Some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": " civil disobedients", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": " civil disobedients", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": " civil disobedients", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "book", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "book", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "book", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "book", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": " civil disobedients", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": " arraigned for trial", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": " arraigned for trial", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": " arraigned for trial", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": " arraigned for trial", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": " not reentering the test site grounds.[", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "inn", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "inn", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "inn", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": " Zinn", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": " Gandhi", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": " Gandhi", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": " Gandhi", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": " Gandhi", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": " Gandhi", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": " speech", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": " speech", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": " disobedience defendants", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "Some civil disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "Some civil disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": " A technical defense", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": " Barkan", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": " Barkan", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": " A technical defense", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": " A technical defense", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": " general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bayles", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": " be punished. Michael Bayles", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": " be punished. Michael Bayles", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": " general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bayles", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": " general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bayles", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": " The necessity defense has sometimes been used as a shadow defense by civil disobedients", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": " The necessity defense has sometimes been used as a shadow defense by civil disobedients", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": " The necessity defense has sometimes been used as a shadow defense by civil disobedients", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": " The necessity defense has sometimes been used as a shadow defense by civil disobedients", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": " The necessity defense has sometimes been used as a shadow defense by civil disobedients", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": " Brownlee", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": " Hubert Hoffmann", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": " Hubert Hoffmann", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": " criminal punishment", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": " Construction as an industry", "57273a465951b619008f8700": " Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser", "57273a465951b619008f8702": " Construction as an industry", "57273a465951b619008f8703": " industry", "57273cca708984140094db33": "Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager", "57273cca708984140094db34": "Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines", "57273cca708984140094db35": "Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines", "57273cca708984140094db36": " multiple disciplines", "57273cca708984140094db37": " multiple disciplines", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": " Industrial includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants. There are other ways to break the industry", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": " heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": " three sectors of construction: buildings, infrastructure and industrial", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": " industrial", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": " heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": " compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies. They publish a list of the largest companies in the United States (", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "ering News", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "ering", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "ering", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": " The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": " The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": " The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": " construction is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings. The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": " The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": ", technologies, and resources must conform to local building authority regulations", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "idential construction", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": " a lot of waste, careful planning again is needed here", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "idential construction practices", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": " 3D printing", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": " flexibly construct small commercial buildings", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": " January 2013", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": " January 2013", "572745c6708984140094db9a": " formal design team may be assembled", "572745c6708984140094db99": " formal design team may be assembled", "572745c6708984140094db9b": " formal design team", "572745c6708984140094db9c": " formal design team may be assembled", "572745c6708984140094db9d": " A formal design team may be assembled", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": " interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": " interior designers, engineers and constructors throughout design and construction. In response, many companies are growing beyond traditional offerings of design or construction services alone", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": " interior designers, engineers and constructors throughout design and construction. In response, many companies are growing beyond traditional offerings of design or construction services alone", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": " are growing beyond traditional offerings of design or construction services alone", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": " Financial planning", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "Construction projects", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "Construction projects can suffer from preventable financial problems. Underbids happen when builders ask for too little money", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Construction projects", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "gage", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "gage bankers, accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "gage bankers, accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": ", accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "gage bankers, accountants", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": " construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": " construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": " construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": " obligations between two or more parties", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "A construction project", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": " a growing number of new forms of procurement that involve relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": " procurement that involve relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": " procurement that involve relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": " procurement that involve relationship contracting", "572753335951b619008f8853": " the most common method of construction procurement", "572753335951b619008f8854": " the most common method of construction procurement", "572753335951b619008f8855": " the most common method of construction procurement", "572753335951b619008f8856": " the most common method of construction procurement", "572753335951b619008f8857": " the most common method of construction procurement", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project, giving an overall view of the project's goals. Several D&B contractors present different ideas", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": " the foundation can be dug, contractors are typically required to verify and have existing utility lines marked", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": " lessens the likelihood of damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": " lessens the likelihood of damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": " adheres to the approved plans and the local building code. Once construction is complete and a final inspection has been passed, an occupancy permit may be issued", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": " adheres to the approved plans and the local building code. Once construction is complete and a final inspection has been passed, an occupancy permit may be issued", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": " $960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau, of which $680 billion is private (", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": " about 667,000 firms employing 1 million contractors", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": " were about 667,000 firms employing 1 million contractors", "572755b7708984140094dc50": " $960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau, of which $680 billion is private (", "572755b7708984140094dc51": " about 667,000 firms employing 1 million contractors", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": " \u00a342,090", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": " \u00a342,090", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": " \u00a340,000 in the UK. Some construction workers in the US/Canada have made more than $100,000 annually", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", "572756fe708984140094dc72": " Proper safety equipment", "572756fe708984140094dc73": " Proper safety equipment", "572756fe708984140094dc74": " non-fatal injuries among construction workers", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "Private schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": " schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": " not administered by local, state or national governments", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": " schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", "57274712708984140094dbad": " $45,000 at several New England preparatory schools", "57274712708984140094dbae": " education", "57274712708984140094dbaf": " education", "57274712708984140094dbb0": " education", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "The secondary level includes schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12 (year twelve is known as lower sixth) and year 13 (", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12 (", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12 (", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": " a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": " a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "ational", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": " Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally stricter and more formal than in government schools", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": " Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally stricter and more formal than in government schools", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": " Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally stricter and more formal than in government schools", "57274971708984140094dbbb": "\u2019 religious allegiance", "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Although most are non-aligned", "57274971708984140094dbbd": "-aligned", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "-aligned", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "agraph 4", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "The right to create private schools", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "The right to create private schools in Germany is in Article 7, Paragraph 4", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "The right to create private schools", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": " Article 7, Paragraph 4", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Ersatzschulen", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Ersatzschulen", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "Ersatzschulen", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "sschulen", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": " private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups and offer a type of education which is not available at public schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": " public schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": " public schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": " school", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": " schools are called independent schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": " schools are called independent schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": " private schools are called independent schools", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": " school inspectors", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "profit trusts and societies can run schools in India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": " school inspectors", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": " school inspectors", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "profit trusts and societies can run schools in India", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": " assessment of private schools", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": " assessment of private schools", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": " assessment of private schools", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": " \u20ac5,000 annually", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": " assessment of private schools", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": " assimilated into the National School system", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": " assimilated into the National School system", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": " assimilated into the National School system", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": " assimilated into the National School system", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": " assimilated into the National School system", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals, private organizations and religious groups", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals, private organizations and religious groups", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting to become state-integrated schools", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting to become state-integrated schools", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting to become state-integrated schools", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting to become state-integrated schools", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting to become state-integrated schools", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Private schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": " schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": " schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Private schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": " schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": " Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": " schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", "5727500f708984140094dbff": " schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", "5727500f708984140094dc00": " Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", "5727500f708984140094dc01": " Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", "572750df5951b619008f882f": "The Education Service Contract", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "The Education Service Contract", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "The Education Service Contract", "5727515f708984140094dc11": " of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc12": " of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": " grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc14": " of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc15": " schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", "57275409708984140094dc35": " legal form of \"Model C\" was abolished", "57275409708984140094dc36": " academic results than government schools", "57275409708984140094dc37": " legal form of \"Model C\" was abolished", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": " schools", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": " schools", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": " 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000 pupils. The Swedish system has been recommended to Barack Obama", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": " private school and the private school gets paid the same amount as municipal schools", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": " private school and the private school gets paid the same amount as municipal schools. Over 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools", "572756265951b619008f886d": " schools", "572756265951b619008f886e": "Private schools generally prefer to be called independent schools", "572756265951b619008f886f": " schools", "572756265951b619008f8870": "Private schools generally prefer to be called independent schools", "572756265951b619008f8871": " schools", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", "572759665951b619008f8883": "Private schooling", "572759665951b619008f8884": "Private schooling", "572759665951b619008f8885": " schooling", "572759665951b619008f8886": " schooling", "572759665951b619008f8887": " schooling", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": " $40,000 annually", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": " $40,000 annually", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": " $", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": " $40,000 annually", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "1869", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1869", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "1869", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "Harvard", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "Harvard", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "Harvard", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "Harvard", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "The University is organized into eleven separate academic units\u2014ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": " 209-acre (", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "The University is organized into eleven separate academic units\u2014ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": " 209-acre (", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "The University is organized into eleven separate academic units\u2014ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": " 1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": " 1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": " 1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": " 1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": " 1636", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": " the College trained many Puritan ministers", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": " ministers", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": " ministers", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": " 1803", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": " 1803", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": " 1803", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": " Common Sense Realism", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": " Common Sense Realism", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": " 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": " 1869", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": " 1869", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": " 1869", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": " Conant", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "ant", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": " (president, 1933", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": " about four men attending Harvard College", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": " remained segregated", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": " remained segregated", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": " 209-acre (85 ha) main campus", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": " 209-acre (", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": " 209-acre (", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": " 209-acre (85 ha) main campus", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "The Harvard Business School and many of the university's athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": " Public Health are located on a 21-", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "The Harvard Business School", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "Harvard", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "vard has purchased tracts", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "vard", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "1869", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "1869", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "1869", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "1869", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1869", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": " $28 billion in September 2010", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": " $28 billion in September 2010", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": " $28 billion in September 2010", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": " $28 billion in September 2010", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": " $28 billion in September 2010", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": " Consul Duke Kent", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": " Consul Duke Kent-Brown. The Harvard Management Company", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": " Consul Duke Kent-Brown. The Harvard Management Company", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": " Carnegie Foundation as \"more selective, lower transfer-in\". Harvard College accepted 5.", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "graduate admission to Harvard is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation as \"more selective, lower transfer-in\". Harvard College accepted 5.3% of applicants", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "graduate admission to Harvard is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation as \"more selective, lower transfer-in\". Harvard College accepted 5.3% of applicants", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "graduate admission to Harvard is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation as \"more selective, lower transfer-in\". Harvard College accepted 5.", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": " Advancement of Teaching, The New York Times, and some students have criticized Harvard for its reliance on teaching fellows for some aspects of undergraduate education", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": " four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises a minority of enrollments at the university", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "The four-", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": " honors-eligible program", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "Harvard", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": " honors-eligible program", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": " honors-eligible program", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": " $", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": " $38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": " $57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": " $38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": " $38,000", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": " Cabot Science Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "The Harvard University Library System", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "The Harvard University Library System", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": " Cabot Science Library", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": " Museums", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Harvard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums. The Harvard Art Museums", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Harvard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": " since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": " since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "vard has been highly ranked by many university rankings. In particular, it has consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) since 2003", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": " Crimson", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "The Harvard Crimson", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": " Crimson", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "vard", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": " 1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "Harvard's athletic rivalry with Yale", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": " 1875", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": " several athletic facilities, such as the Lavietes Pavilion, a multi-purpose arena and home to the Harvard basketball teams. The Malkin Athletic Center", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "Harvard", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "Harvard has several athletic facilities, such as the Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": " Harvard also won the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships in 2003", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": " 23 years, the Harvard-Yale Regatta", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": " Harvard also won the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships in 2003", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": " 23 years, the Harvard-Yale Regatta", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": " rights leader W. E. B. Du Bois", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": " rights leader W. E. B. Du Bois", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": " rights leader W. E. B. Du Bois; philosopher Henry David Thoreau", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": " rights leader W. E. B. Du Bois; philosopher Henry David Thoreau", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": ". O. Wilson, cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, physicists Lisa Randall and Roy Glauber, chemists Elias Corey, Dudley R. Hers", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": ". O. Wilson, cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, physicists Lisa Randall and Roy Glauber, chemists Elias Corey, Dudley R. Hers", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": ". O. Wilson, cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, physicists Lisa Randall and Roy Glauber, chemists Elias Corey, Dudley R. Hers", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": " the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": " the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "ville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "Jacksonville", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": " 1822", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": " 1822", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": " 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": " 1822", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": " 1822", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "Harbor", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "Harbor", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "Harbor improvements", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Harbor", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": " Black Hammock Island", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": " explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": " 1562", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": " 1562", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": " 1562", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": " explorer Jean Ribault", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": " 1763", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": " 1763", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": " 1763", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": " 1763", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": " 1763", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": " Civil War, Jacksonville was a key supply point for hogs and cattle", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": " The Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": " Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": " Civil War, Jacksonville was a key supply point for hogs and cattle", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": " Civil War, Jacksonville was a key supply point for hogs and cattle", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": " February 22", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": " February 22", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": " February 22", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": " February 22", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": " February 22", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": " May 3", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": " May 3", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": " May 3", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": " May 3", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": " warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor. Over the course of the decade, more than 30 silent film studios were established", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": " warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor. Over the course of the decade, more than 30 silent film studios were established", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": " warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor. Over the course of the decade, more than 30 silent film studios were established", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": " the 1910s, New York\u2013based filmmakers were attracted to Jacksonville's warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor. Over", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "Jacksonville", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": " public building projects", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "Jacksonville", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": " public building projects", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": " public building projects", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": " dissipated, leading to problems with funding education", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": " tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": " dissipated, leading to problems with funding education", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": " dissipated, leading to problems with funding education", "57281d494b864d19001644be": " the mid-1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": " 11 officials were indicted", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": " the mid-1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": " the mid-1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": " public works, and housing & urban development were all combined", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": " public works, and housing & urban development were all combined", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": " public works, and housing & urban development were all combined", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": " public works, and housing & urban development were all combined", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": " public works, and housing & urban development were all combined", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": " 874.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "74.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "74.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": " 874.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": " 874.3 square miles", "572821274b864d1900164510": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville", "572821274b864d1900164511": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville", "572821274b864d1900164512": " Downtown Jacksonville", "572821274b864d1900164513": " 617 ft (188 m", "572821274b864d1900164514": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": " weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": " weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": " weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": " weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": " July 11", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": " July 11", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": " July 11", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": " July 11", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": " 1871", "572824f13acd2414000df590": " 1871", "572824f13acd2414000df591": " 1871", "572824f13acd2414000df592": " 1871", "572824f13acd2414000df593": " 1871", "572826634b864d19001645be": " twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[", "572826634b864d19001645bf": " twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[", "572826634b864d19001645c0": " twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[", "572826634b864d19001645c1": " twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": " were 366,273 households out of which 11.8% were vacant. 23.9% of households had children under the age of 18", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": " were 366,273 households", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": " were 366,273 households", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": " were 366,273 households", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": " $41 trillion in 2008", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "A study by the World Institute for Development Economics", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "A study by the World Institute for Development Economics", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "A study by the World Institute for Development Economics", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "A study by the World Institute for Development Economics", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": " Research at United Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": " $41 trillion in 2008", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": " $41 trillion", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": " $41 trillion in 2008", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "A study by the World Institute for Development Economics", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": " 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.\" According to the New York Times on July 22", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": " 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.\" According to the New York Times on July 22", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": " 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.\" According to the New York Times on July 22", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": " July 22", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "Neoclassical", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "oclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "Neoclassical", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "Neoclassical economics", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "Neoclassical", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "Neoclassical", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": " capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers)", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": " (workers)", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": " exerts a downward pressure on wages. The substitution of capital equipment", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": " capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers)", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": " (workers)", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": " (workers)", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": " (workers)", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": " (workers)", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": " capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers)", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": " capitalist mode of production (i.e. where professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": " work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": " labor organizations", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": " The economic impact of the former type of entrepreneurialism tends to be redistributive", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": " higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": " the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": " the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": " higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": " economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": " the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": " higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": " the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": " the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "Another cause is the rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of the tax system", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "Another cause is the rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of the tax system", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "Another cause is the rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of the tax system", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "Another cause is the rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of the tax system", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "Another cause is the rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of the tax system", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "Another cause is the rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of the tax system", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "Another cause is the rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of the tax system", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "Another cause is the rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of the tax system", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779641": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779643": " a high demand for workers, creates high wages for those with this education, however, increases in education first increase and then decrease", "5729e1101d04691400779644": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": " $", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": " $", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": " $", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": " $", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": " $", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": " $", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": " $", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": " $", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": " $", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": " school education", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": " school education", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": " school education", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": " school education", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": " school education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": " school education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": " school education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": " school education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": " school education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": " school education", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "mitt", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "mitt", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": " Schmitt", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "mitt", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "mitt", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": " Schmitt", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "mitt", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": " Jake Rosenfield", "5729e4291d04691400779651": " organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes", "5729e4291d04691400779652": " organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes", "5729e4291d04691400779653": "Sociologist Jake Rosen", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": " Krugman", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": " Krugman", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": " Krugman", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": " Krugman", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": " Krugman", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": " Krugman", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": " Krugman", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": " Krugman", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": " Krugman", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": " be less willing to travel or relocate. Thomas Sowell", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": " be less willing to travel or relocate. Thomas Sowell", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "owell", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "owell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "owell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "owell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "owell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": " be less willing to travel or relocate. Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "owell", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "nets", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "nets", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "nets", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "nets", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "Economist Simon Kuznets", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "nets", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "nets", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "nets", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "uznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "uznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": " Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": " Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": " decrease given time. As an example, income inequality did fall in the United States during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": " Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": " developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": " decrease given time. As an example, income inequality did fall in the United States during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": " decrease given time. As an example, income inequality did fall in the United States during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": " theoretical[", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": " theoretical[", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "wealthy individuals", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": " Joseph Stiglitz", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": " Joseph Stiglitz", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": " Joseph Stiglitz", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "itz", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "907). A similar relationship exists among US states", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states (r = -.620", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": " Robert J. Shiller", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": " Robert J. Shiller", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": " Shiller", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": " Shiller", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": " Shiller", "572a06866aef0514001551be": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": " (", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "longer lives still holds among poorer countries, where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases, but in recent decades it has slowed down", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": " (", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": " plateaued among the richest thirty or so countries in the world. Americans", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": " plateaued among the richest thirty or so countries in the world. Americans", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": " the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries is income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": " the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries is income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": " the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries is income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": " the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries is income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": " the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries is income inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796df": " Daly et al. 2001", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "Crime rate has also been shown to be correlated with inequality in society. Most studies looking into the relationship have concentrated on homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": " Daly et al. 2001", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "Crime rate has also been shown to be correlated with inequality in society", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "veloped countries, as well as studying areas within countries. Daly et al. 2001", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": " the utilitarian principle of seeking the greatest good for the greatest number \u2013 economic inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": " utilitarian principle of seeking the greatest good for the greatest number \u2013 economic inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": " utilitarian principle of seeking the greatest good for the greatest number \u2013 economic inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": " utilitarian principle of seeking the greatest good for the greatest number \u2013 economic inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": " utilitarian principle of seeking the greatest good for the greatest number \u2013 economic inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": " Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": " economist Raghuram Rajan", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": " political pressure has developed to extend easier credit to the lower and middle income earners \u2013 particularly to buy homes", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": " the American economy a tendency to go \"from bubble to bubble\"", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": " a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels.\"", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": " a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels.\"", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": " 20 percent (the rich) increases, then GDP growth actually declines", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": " Fund", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": " a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels.\"", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms economic growth", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "Quintana", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "Quintana", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "Quintana", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "Quintana", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": " Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milanovic", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": " Joseph Stiglitz", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "Economist Joseph Stiglitz", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": " Joseph Stiglitz", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": " Joseph Stiglitz", "572a11663f37b31900478693": " Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", "572a11663f37b31900478694": " Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development", "572a11663f37b31900478695": " Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", "572a11663f37b31900478696": " Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", "572a11663f37b31900478697": " Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", "572a12381d0469140077972d": " A study of Swedish counties", "572a12381d0469140077972e": " A study of Swedish counties", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro", "572a12381d0469140077972b": " Harvard economist Robert Barro", "572a12381d0469140077972f": " A study of Swedish counties", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "ty", "572a13841d0469140077973c": " Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973d": " Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "ty", "572a13841d0469140077973f": "ty", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": " A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "Some theories developed in the 1970s established possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": " A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": " A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": " A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": " The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": " the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": " The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": " The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": " The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": " unregistered property", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": " poor and developing countries much land and housing is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": " formal or legal property ownership registration system", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": " formal or legal property ownership registration system", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": " poor and developing countries much land and housing is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": " (", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": " (", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": " (Rhoda 1994:148", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "A number of researchers (", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "A number of researchers (", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": " debt. The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": " debt. The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": " debt. The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": " debt. The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": " The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": " By contrast, the vast majority of the population is dependent on income in the form of a wage or salary.", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "Socialists", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "Socialists", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": " a class of owners, creating a situation where a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "Socialists", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": " a certain amount of redistribution would be justified to compensate for this force but not because of the inequalities themselves. John Rawls", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": " Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": " Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": " Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": " Nozick", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach \u2013 looks at income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation\u201d", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": " education or working outside the home. There may be an epidemic that causes widespread panic, or there could be rampant violence", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": " education or working outside the home. There may be an epidemic that causes widespread panic, or there could be rampant violence", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": " education or working outside the home. There may be an epidemic that causes widespread panic, or there could be rampant violence", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": " a person\u2019s capabilities are lowered", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": " a person\u2019", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "fiction television programme produced by the BBC", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": "Doctor Who", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "Doctor Who", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "Doctor Who", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": "Doctor Who", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals", "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "Twelve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": "elve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor. The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show", "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "elve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor. The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show", "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi", "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": "travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi", "5727f2583acd2414000df087": "Doctor Who", "5727f2583acd2414000df088": " Who", "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "Doctor Who", "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "Doctor Who", "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": " TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British Police box", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "The Doctor rarely travels alone", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "The Doctor rarely travels alone", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": "The Doctor rarely travels alone", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "The Doctor rarely travels alone", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": "The Doctor", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": " 17:16:20 GMT", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": " 17:16:20 GMT", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": " 17:16:20 GMT", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": " Who", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": " 17:16:20 GMT", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": " (", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": "The BBC drama department's serials division", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": "The BBC drama department's serials division produced the programme for 26 seasons, broadcast on BBC 1", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": "The BBC drama department's serials division", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": "The BBC drama department's serials division", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": " Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": " Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": " Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": " Segal", "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": " Segal", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": " 26 March 2005. There have since been nine further series in 2006\u20132008 and 2010\u2013", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": " the episode \"Rose\" on BBC One", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": " Who finally returned with the episode \"Rose\"", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": " episode \"Rose\"", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": " 26", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": " ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": ". Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": " US President John F. Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": " F. Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": " ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (", "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (", "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (", "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (", "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": " The Times newspaper, journalist Philip Howard", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": " The Times newspaper", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": " BBC audience research survey", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": " BBC audience research survey", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": " research survey", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": "The image of the TARDIS", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": "The image of the TARDIS", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": "The image of the TARDIS", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": "The image of the TARDIS", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "The image of the TARDIS", "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": " 23", "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": " 26 seasons on BBC One", "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": " 23", "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": " 23", "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": " 23", "572801823acd2414000df1fb": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (", "572801823acd2414000df1fc": "The serial format changed for the 2005 revival, with each series usually consisting of 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (", "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "The serial format changed for the 2005 revival, with each series usually consisting of 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (", "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "The serial format changed for the 2005 revival, with each series usually consisting of 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (", "572801823acd2414000df1ff": " serial format changed for the 2005 revival, with each series usually consisting of 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (", "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "826", "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "826", "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "826", "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "826 Doctor Who instalments have been televised", "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "826 Doctor Who instalments have been televised", "572803493acd2414000df229": " about 1964 and 1973, large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries were either destroyed", "572803493acd2414000df22a": " tape and film libraries were either destroyed", "572803493acd2414000df22b": "Between about 1964 and 1973, large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries were either destroyed", "572803493acd2414000df22c": " about 1964 and 1973, large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries were either destroyed", "572803493acd2414000df22d": "Between about 1964 and 1973, large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries were either destroyed", "572804522ca10214002d9b94": " prints", "572804522ca10214002d9b95": " prints", "572804522ca10214002d9b97": " the archives of other countries who bought prints", "572804522ca10214002d9b96": " prints", "572804522ca10214002d9b98": "Some episodes have been returned to the BBC from the archives of other countries who bought prints", "572805363acd2414000df26d": " reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS", "572805363acd2414000df26e": " the BBC on VHS", "572805363acd2414000df26f": "\"Official\" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS", "572805363acd2414000df270": " the BBC on VHS", "572805363acd2414000df271": " the BBC on VHS", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "Producers introduced the concept of regeneration", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": "cers introduced the concept of regeneration", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "cers introduced the concept of regeneration to permit the recasting of the main character", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "cers introduced the concept of regeneration", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "cers introduced the concept of regeneration", "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "The serials The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead", "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "The serials The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead", "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "The serials The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead", "572808bf4b864d190016429d": "The serials The Deadly Assassin", "572808bf4b864d190016429e": "The serials The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead", "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": " The Trial of a Time Lord", "572809ab4b864d19001642af": " The Trial of a Time Lord", "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": " The Trial of a Time Lord", "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": " The Trial of a Time Lord", "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": " The Trial of a Time Lord", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": " The Three Doctors", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": " The Three Doctors, William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": " Hartnell. Patrick Troughton again returned in 1985's The Two Doctors", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": " Hartnell. Patrick Troughton again returned in 1985's The Two Doctors", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": " The Three Doctors, William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": " multiple Doctors have returned in new adventures together in audio dramas based on the series. Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": " multiple Doctors have returned in new adventures together in audio dramas based on the series. Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": " multiple Doctors have returned in new adventures together in audio dramas based on the series. Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": " multiple Doctors have returned in new adventures together in audio dramas based on the series. Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": "ison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280e323acd2414000df349": " The Brain of Morbius", "57280e323acd2414000df34a": " The Brain of Morbius", "57280e323acd2414000df34b": " The Brain of Morbius", "57280e323acd2414000df34c": " The Brain of Morbius", "57280e323acd2414000df34d": " The Brain of Morbius", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "The companion figure", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": "The companion figure \u2013 generally a human \u2013 has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "The companion figure", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "The companion figure", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "The companion figure \u2013 generally a human \u2013 has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception", "572811434b864d190016438c": "at", "572811434b864d190016438d": " undergoes more change than the Doctor. The primary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors", "572811434b864d190016438e": "at", "572811434b864d190016438f": " undergoes more change than the Doctor. The primary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors", "572811434b864d1900164390": " undergoes more change than the Doctor. The primary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors", "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": " Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nest", "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": " Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nest", "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": " Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nest", "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": " Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nest", "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": " Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nest", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": "The Dalek", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "The Dalek", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "The Dalek", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": "The Dalek", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": "The Dalek", "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "The Master is the Doctor", "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": "The Master is the", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": "The Master", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "The Master", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "The Master", "572814882ca10214002d9d72": " Gomez", "572814882ca10214002d9d73": " Gomez", "572814882ca10214002d9d74": " Gomez", "572814882ca10214002d9d75": " Gomez", "572814882ca10214002d9d76": " Gomez", "572816213acd2414000df429": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42a": "ainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42b": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42c": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42d": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": "A different arrangement was recorded by Peter Howell", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "A different arrangement was recorded by Peter Howell", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": " season 23", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "A different arrangement was recorded by Peter Howell", "572817802ca10214002d9db4": " The Trial of a Time Lord in season 23", "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": " Gold, was introduced", "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": " Gold, was introduced", "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": " Gold, was introduced", "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": " number 228 of radio station Classic FM's Hall of Fame, a survey of classical music tastes", "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": " Gold, was introduced", "572819864b864d190016447e": "e, who had played the Third Doctor, recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics, titled, \"Who Is the Doctor\".[", "572819864b864d190016447f": "e, who had played the Third Doctor, recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics, titled, \"Who Is the Doctor\".[", "572819864b864d1900164480": ". 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia", "572819864b864d1900164481": "e, who had played the Third Doctor, recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics, titled, \"Who Is the Doctor\".[", "572819864b864d1900164482": ". 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia", "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson", "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15", "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15", "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": " Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "All the incidental music", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": "All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "Six soundtrack", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": " 4", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": " 4", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": " 4", "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "The original logo", "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "The original logo", "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "The original logo used for the First Doctor", "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": "The original logo", "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "The original logo used for the First Doctor", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the first episode of Doctor Who", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "a 1964\u20131965", "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": " fell noticeably after the programme's 23rd series was postponed in 1985", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": " fell noticeably after the programme's 23rd series was postponed in 1985", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": " at 16 million.[citation needed] Figures remained respectable into the 1980s, but fell noticeably after the programme's 23rd series was postponed in 1985", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": " at 16 million.[", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": " fell noticeably after the programme's 23rd series was postponed in 1985", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": " 23 November (", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": " 23 November (", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": " The Five Doctors had its d\u00e9but on 23 November (", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": " 23", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": " 23 November (", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": " January 1965. The ABC has periodically repeated episodes; of note were the weekly screenings of all available classic episodes starting in 2003", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": " January 1965. The ABC has periodically repeated episodes; of note were the weekly screenings of all available classic episodes starting in 2003", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": " January 1965. The ABC has periodically repeated episodes; of note were the weekly screenings of all available classic episodes starting in 2003", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": " January 1965. The ABC has periodically repeated episodes; of note were the weekly screenings of all available classic episodes starting in 2003", "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": " January 1965. The ABC has periodically repeated episodes; of note were the weekly screenings of all available classic episodes starting in 2003", "572825714b864d1900164590": " The Three Doctors", "572825714b864d1900164591": " 24", "572825714b864d1900164592": "ario", "572825714b864d1900164593": " The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24", "572825714b864d1900164594": " The Three Doctors", "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": " Eccleston recorded special video introductions for each episode (including a trivia question as part of a viewer contest)", "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": " Eccleston", "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": " the Canadian broadcast, Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions", "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": " 26", "572826762ca10214002d9f30": " CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006 at 20:00 E/P", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": " sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States. Every fully extant serial has been released on VHS", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": " Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": "A wide selection of serials are available from BBC Video on DVD", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": "A wide selection of serials are available from BBC Video on DVD", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": " sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States. Every fully extant serial has been released on VHS", "572828383acd2414000df5c3": " the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", "572828383acd2414000df5c4": " Who", "572828383acd2414000df5c5": " Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", "572828383acd2414000df5c6": "Doctor Who", "572828383acd2414000df5c7": " Who", "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": " Three", "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": " Three", "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": " Three", "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": " Three", "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": " Three", "57282f204b864d190016468a": "The Sarah Jane Adventures", "57282f204b864d190016468b": "The Sarah Jane Adventures, starring Elisabeth Sladen", "57282f204b864d190016468c": "The Sarah Jane Adventures", "57282f204b864d190016468d": "The Sarah Jane Adventures", "57282f204b864d190016468e": "The Sarah Jane Adventures, starring Elisabeth Sladen", "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": " 30th anniversary, another charity special, titled Dimensions in Time was produced", "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": " 30th anniversary, another charity special, titled Dimensions in Time was produced for Children", "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": " a crossover with the soap opera EastEnders", "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": "D system that made use of the Pulfrich effect", "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": "D system that made use of the Pulfrich effect", "572831512ca10214002da04a": " incarnations played by, in order, Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley", "572831512ca10214002da04b": " incarnations played by, in order, Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley", "572831512ca10214002da04c": " Fatal Death, was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS", "572831512ca10214002da04d": " Fatal Death, was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS", "572831512ca10214002da04e": " Moffat", "572833662ca10214002da086": " The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\") and Leverage. In the Channel 4 series Queer as Folk (", "572833662ca10214002da087": " The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\") and Leverage. In the Channel 4 series Queer as Folk (", "572833662ca10214002da088": " The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\") and Leverage. In the Channel 4 series Queer as Folk (", "572833662ca10214002da089": " The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\") and Leverage. In the Channel 4 series Queer as Folk", "572833662ca10214002da08a": " The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\") and Leverage. In the Channel 4 series Queer as Folk (", "572834524b864d1900164716": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-", "572834524b864d1900164717": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-", "572834524b864d1900164718": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-", "572834524b864d1900164719": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-", "572834524b864d190016471a": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-", "572835854b864d190016472e": "Since 1999, Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD", "572835854b864d190016472f": " Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD", "572835854b864d1900164730": " Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios", "572835854b864d1900164731": " Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD", "572835854b864d1900164732": " Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD", "572836732ca10214002da0dc": " books", "572836732ca10214002da0dd": " Who", "572836732ca10214002da0de": " the present day", "572836732ca10214002da0df": " novelised adaptations of broadcast episodes; beginning in 1991 an extensive line of original fiction was launched, the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures", "572836732ca10214002da0e0": " the mid-sixties through to the present day", "572837402ca10214002da0f4": " early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced", "572837402ca10214002da0f5": " a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced", "572837402ca10214002da0f6": " the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published", "572837402ca10214002da0f7": " the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published", "572838323acd2414000df737": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (", "572838323acd2414000df738": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (", "572838323acd2414000df739": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (", "572838323acd2414000df73a": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (", "572838323acd2414000df73b": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (", "57283a392ca10214002da118": " Peabody Awards", "57283a392ca10214002da119": " Peabody Awards", "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "abody \"for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe.\" The programme is listed in Guinness World Records", "57283a392ca10214002da11b": " Peabody Awards", "57283a392ca10214002da11c": " Peabody Awards", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": " Season 11", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": " Season 11", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": "X magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever\". Also, in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows (", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "X magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever\". Also, in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows (", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "X magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever\". Also, in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows (", "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": " BAFTA TV Awards", "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": "The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five BAFTA TV Awards", "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": "The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five BAFTA TV Awards", "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": "The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five BAFTA TV Awards", "57283ce72ca10214002da150": "The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five BAFTA TV Awards", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": " Short Form of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, the oldest science fiction/fantasy award for films and series, six", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": "atic Presentation", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": "atic Presentation", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "atic Presentation", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "atic Presentation", "57283e652ca10214002da166": " Who", "57283e652ca10214002da167": " Who", "57283e652ca10214002da168": "Doctor Who", "57283e652ca10214002da16a": " Who", "57283e652ca10214002da169": " spoofed", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "The University of Chicago", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": " Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": " Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": " Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": " Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": " academic disciplines", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": " Chicago", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": " Chicago", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": " Chicago", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": " Chicago", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": " 1891", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": " 1891", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": " 1891", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": " 1891", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": " oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "The University of Chicago was created and incorporated as a coeducational, secular institution in 1890", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "The University of Chicago", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "The University of Chicago", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": " oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "The University of Chicago was created and incorporated as a coeducational, secular institution in 1890", "572843304b864d1900164848": " regional colleges and universities: Des Moines College", "572843304b864d1900164849": " good students, affiliated with several regional colleges and universities: Des Moines College", "572843304b864d190016484a": " Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois", "572843304b864d190016484b": " good students, affiliated with several regional colleges and universities: Des Moines College", "572843304b864d190016484c": " regional colleges and universities: Des Moines College", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": " the university's fifth president, Robert Maynard", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": " graduate work into its current[", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": " graduate work into its current[", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": " graduate work into its current[", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": " graduate work into its current[", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": " urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": " the early 1950s, student applications declined", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": " urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": " a major sponsor of a controversial urban renewal project", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": " urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "The university experienced its share of student unrest", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "The university experienced its share of student unrest", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "The university experienced its share of student unrest", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "The university experienced its share of student unrest", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "The university experienced its share of student unrest", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": " $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary. During the same year, investor David G. Booth donated $", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": " $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary. During the same year, investor David G. Booth donated $", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": " $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary. During the same year, investor David G. Booth donated $", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": " $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary. During the same year, investor David G. Booth donated $", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": " $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary. During the same year, investor David G. Booth donated $", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "The first buildings of the University of Chicago", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "The first buildings of the University of Chicago", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "The first buildings of the University of Chicago", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": " two University of Chicago trustees and plotted by Chicago architect Henry Ives Cobb", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "The first buildings of the University of Chicago", "57284d484b864d1900164900": " Public Policy", "57284d484b864d1900164901": " Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan", "57284d484b864d1900164902": " Public Policy", "57284d484b864d1900164903": " Public Policy", "57284d484b864d1900164904": " Public Policy", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": " Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": " Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": " Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": " Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": " Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "The University of Chicago", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": " Provost in March 2016 by Daniel Diermeier", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": " Provost in March 2016 by Daniel Diermeier", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": " Provost in March 2016 by Daniel Diermeier", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "The University of Chicago", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The academic bodies of the University of Chicago", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "The academic bodies of the University of Chicago", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "The academic bodies of the University of Chicago", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": " 50 academic majors and 28 minors", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": " 50 academic majors and 28 minors", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "The College of the University of Chicago", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "The College of the University of Chicago", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "graduate students are required to take a distribution of courses to satisfy the university's core curriculum known as the Common Core", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": " Common Core. In 2012-2013, the Core classes at Chicago were limited to 17", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "graduate students are required to take a distribution of courses to satisfy the university's core curriculum known as the Common Core", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "graduate students are required to take a distribution of courses to satisfy the university's core curriculum known as the Common Core", "572855973acd2414000df925": "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df926": "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df927": "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df928": "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df929": "12 students", "572856beff5b5019007da190": " July 8, 2013. Harper Memorial Library", "572856beff5b5019007da191": " Harper Memorial Library", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "The University of Chicago Library system encompasses six libraries that contain a total of 9.", "572856beff5b5019007da193": " Harper Memorial Library", "572856beff5b5019007da194": " Harper Memorial Library", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": " National Resource Centers, including the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Chicago", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "The University of Chicago", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "The University of Chicago", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "The University of Chicago", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "The University of Chicago", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "The UChicago", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "The U", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "The UChicago Arts program", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "The UChicago Arts program", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "The UChicago", "572863363acd2414000df985": " four graduate divisions, 5,98", "572863363acd2414000df986": " four graduate divisions, 5,98", "572863363acd2414000df987": " four graduate divisions, 5,98", "572863363acd2414000df988": " four graduate divisions, 5,98", "572863363acd2414000df989": " four graduate divisions, 5,98", "572864542ca10214002da2de": "The Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association", "572864542ca10214002da2df": " Maroons compete", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "The Maroons", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "The Maroons", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "The Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "Students at the University of Chicago", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Students at the University of Chicago", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": " the University of Chicago", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": " common-", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": " common-", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "All Recognized Student Organizations", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "All Recognized Student Organizations", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": " $", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "All Recognized Student Organizations", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": " fraternities and seven sororities at the University of Chicago", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": " sororities at the University of Chicago", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": " fifteen fraternities and seven sororities at the University of Chicago", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": " Panhellenic Conference, and ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": " fraternities and seven sororities at the University of Chicago, as well as one co-ed community service fraternity", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": " the field of government and politics include the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": " the field of government and politics include the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": " include the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": " community organizing Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": " community organizing Saul Alinsky", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": " New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": " New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": " New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": " New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": " New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": " minimalist composer Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": " minimalist composer Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": " minimalist composer Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": " minimalist composer Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": " minimalist composer Philip Glass", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": " Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": " Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": " Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": " Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": " Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": " Republican U.S. President Ronald Reagan", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": " Republican U.S. President Ronald Reagan", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": " Republican U.S. President Ronald Reagan", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": " Republican U.S. President Ronald Reagan", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": " David Graeber and Donald Johanson", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": " anthropologists David Graeber and Donald Johanson", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": " prominent alumni include anthropologists David Graeber and Donald Johanson", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": ". A. Michel", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": ". A. Michel", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": ". A. Michelson", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": ". A. Michel", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": " the speed of light calculator A. A. Michel", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": " Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": " Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": " Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": " Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": " Breasted", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Current faculty include the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, historian Dipesh Chakrabarty, paleontologists Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": " Myerson and Robert Lucas, Jr., Freakonomics author and noted economist Steven Levitt", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": " Myerson and Robert Lucas, Jr., Freakonomics author and noted economist Steven Levitt", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": " Myerson and Robert Lucas, Jr., Freakonomics author and noted economist Steven Levitt", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": " Myerson and Robert Lucas, Jr., Freakonomics author and noted economist Steven Levitt", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": " 13", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "The Yuan dynasty", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "The Yuan dynasty", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "The Yuan dynasty", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "The Yuan dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "The Yuan dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "The Yuan dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "The Yuan dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "The Yuan dynasty", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": " 12", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": " 1271", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": " 12", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": " 1271", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": " 12", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": " 1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": " 1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "Genghis Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": " 1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "Genghis Khan", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": " Khitan defected to the Mongols", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": " Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": " Khitan defected to the Mongols", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": " Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": " Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": " Han Chinese who lived in the Jin dynasty. Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Shi Tian", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Shi Tian", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": " Chinese who lived in the Jin dynasty. Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Shi Tian", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "ke Khan", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": " military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": " military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "ngke Khan commenced a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "ngke Khan", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": " troubled the early years of Kublai Khan", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": " troubled the early years of Kublai Khan", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": " troubled the early years of Kublai Khan", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": " 1259", "572867d72ca10214002da300": " 1259", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "lai's Chinese advisers still wielded significant power in the government, but their official rank was nebulous", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "lai's Chinese advisers still wielded significant power in the government, but their official rank was nebulous", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": " 12", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "lai's Chinese advisers still wielded significant power in the government, but their official rank was nebulous", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "Kublai's government after 1262", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": " 1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": " 1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": " 1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": " 1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": " 1264", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "ublai Khan", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Kublai Khan", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "ai Khan", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "\u9214, Chao). Pax Mongolica", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "lai Khan", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "ansheng Kong Duanyou fled south with the Song Emperor to Quzhou, while the newly established Jin dynasty (1115", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "1115", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": " Qufu, the Duke Yansheng Kong", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": " naval expedition was undertaken against Japan in 1274", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": " naval expedition was undertaken against Japan in 1274", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": " 1274", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": " 1274", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": " naval expedition was undertaken against Japan in 1274", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": " military expeditions followed the financial problems. Kublai's second invasion of Japan in 1281", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": " military expeditions followed the financial problems. Kublai's second invasion of Japan", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": " 1282", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": " 1281", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": " military expeditions followed the financial problems. Kublai's second invasion of Japan", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": " 1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": " 1285", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": " 1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": " 1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": " 1253", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "The fourth Yuan emperor", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": " Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": " Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": " Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": " Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "Emperor Gegeen Khan", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": " 13", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": " 1328", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": " 1328", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": " 1328", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": " 1328", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": " 1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": " 1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": " 1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": " 1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": " 1329", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": " 1332 and subsequent death of Rinchinbal (", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": " 1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": " 1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": " 1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": " 1332", "572872822ca10214002da374": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace", "572872822ca10214002da375": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", "572872822ca10214002da376": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", "572872822ca10214002da377": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", "572872822ca10214002da378": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": " 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": " a loss of popular support. In 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": " 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": " a loss of popular support. In 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": " 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": " rich cultural diversity developed during the Yuan dynasty", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": " rich cultural diversity developed during the Yuan dynasty", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": " rich cultural diversity developed during the Yuan dynasty", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "A rich cultural diversity developed during the Yuan dynasty", "572879574b864d1900164a14": " cartography, geography, and scientific education", "572879574b864d1900164a15": " musical instruments", "572879574b864d1900164a16": " musical instruments were introduced", "572879574b864d1900164a17": " musical instruments were introduced", "572879574b864d1900164a18": " musical instruments were introduced", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": " Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "The Yuan", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "The Yuan dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": " the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": " Mongols. Another example was the insignificance of the Ministry of War", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": " the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries (", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": " the existence of these central government departments", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": " 1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages, was preserved", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "igraphy, the Song dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "igraphy, the Song dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "igraphy, the Song dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "igraphy, the Song dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "igraphy, the Song dynasty", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": " were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": " were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": " were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": " were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": " were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "1249", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": " Shijie (1249", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": " Shijie (1249", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": " 1281", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "o Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "o Shoujing", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "o Shoujing", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "o Shoujing", "572881022ca10214002da416": "The physicians of the Yuan court", "572881022ca10214002da417": "The physicians of the Yuan court", "572881022ca10214002da418": "The physicians of the Yuan court", "572881022ca10214002da419": "The physicians of the Yuan court", "572881022ca10214002da41a": "The physicians of the Yuan court", "572881704b864d1900164a50": " Wei Yilin (1277", "572881704b864d1900164a51": " Wei Yilin (1277", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty", "572881704b864d1900164a53": " Wei Yilin (1277", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": " 1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": " 1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": " 1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": " 1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": " 1263", "572882242ca10214002da420": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry", "572882242ca10214002da421": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry", "572882242ca10214002da422": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry", "572882242ca10214002da423": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry", "572882242ca10214002da424": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": " plates in 1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": " plates in 1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": " plates in 1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": " plates in 1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": " plates in 1275", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": " accorded previously under native Chinese dynasties", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Politically, the system of government created by Kublai Khan", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "Politically, the system of government created by Kublai Khan", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": " accorded previously under native Chinese dynasties", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": " the system of government created by Kublai Khan", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": " Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": " Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": " the high position given to Muslims, some policies of the Yuan Emperors severely discriminated against them", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": " Emperors severely discriminated against them", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": " Emperors severely discriminated against them", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": " Emperors severely discriminated against them", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": " the high position given to Muslims, some policies of the Yuan Emperors severely discriminated against them", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "The historian Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "The historian Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "The historian Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "The historian Frederick W. Mote", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": " the Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": " Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting.", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": " Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting.", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": " Uighurs surrendered peacefully without violently resisting.", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "The Central Region, consisting of present-day Hebei", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "The Central Region, consisting of present-day Hebei", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": " Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "The Central Region, consisting of present-day Hebei", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "The Central Region, consisting of present-day Hebei", "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": " approximately 45 million people", "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": " approximately 45 million people", "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": " approximately 45 million people", "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": " Kenya", "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": "Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": " warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": "Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": " warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": " By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": " By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": " By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "The African Great Lakes region, which Kenya", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": "The African Great Lakes region", "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": "The Republic of Kenya", "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "The Republic of Kenya", "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "The Republic of Kenya", "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": " map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862", "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": " map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862", "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": " map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862", "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": " map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "The \"Big Five\" game animals of Africa", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": "The \"Big Five\" game animals", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "The \"", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "The \"Big Five\" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant", "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "The \"", "5728fa576aef051400154920": "ossils found in Kenya", "5728fa576aef051400154921": "ossils found in Kenya", "5728fa576aef051400154922": "ossils found in Kenya", "5728fa576aef051400154923": "ossils found in Kenya", "5728fa576aef051400154924": "ossils found in Kenya", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "The Swahili built Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": "The Swahili built Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "The Swahili built Mombasa into a major port city", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": " 14", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": " 14", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": " 1498", "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": " Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia) fourteen days after the Armistice was signed in 1918", "5729024f1d04691400778f60": " German East Africa agreed a truce in an attempt to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities. Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f61": " forces", "5729024f1d04691400778f62": "ettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f63": "ettow-Vorbeck", "572903d96aef0514001549a4": "The central highlands were already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people", "572903d96aef0514001549a5": "The central highlands were already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people", "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "The central highlands were already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people", "572903d96aef0514001549a7": " over a million members of the Kikuyu people", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": " 15 January 1954 and the subsequent interrogation led to a better understanding of the Mau Mau command structure", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote", "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council", "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council", "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council", "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council", "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957", "572909406aef0514001549dc": "The election held in 1988 saw the advent of the mlolongo (queuing) system", "572909406aef0514001549dd": "The election held in 1988 saw the advent of the mlolongo (queuing) system", "572909406aef0514001549de": "The election held in 1988 saw the advent of the mlolongo (queuing) system", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": " Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": "Kenya", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": "Kenya", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "Kenya", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "Kenya", "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": " Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": "Kenya", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "Kenya", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": " public sector corruption in various countries. In 2012, the nation placed 139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27", "57290d811d04691400778fcf": " ECK for complicity and to Odinga declaring himself the \"people's president\"", "57290d811d04691400778fd0": " ECK for complicity and to Odinga declaring himself the \"people's president\"", "57290d811d04691400778fd1": " the Presidential elections, President Kibaki", "57290d811d04691400778fd2": " ECK for complicity and to Odinga declaring himself the \"people's president\"", "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": " the government", "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "AABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi", "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": " the government", "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": " TAABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi", "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": " 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": " 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": " 28", "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": " 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": " 28", "57290f963f37b31900477feb": " new office of the PM will have power and authority to co-ordinate and supervise the functions of the Government and will be occupied by an elected MP", "57290f963f37b31900477fec": "The new office of the PM", "57290f963f37b31900477fed": " new office of the PM will have power and authority to co-ordinate and supervise the functions of the Government and will be occupied by an elected MP", "57290f963f37b31900477fee": "The new office of the PM", "57290f963f37b31900477fef": "The new office of the PM", "572913626aef051400154a30": "A constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", "572913626aef051400154a31": " constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", "572913626aef051400154a32": " constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", "572913626aef051400154a33": " constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", "572913626aef051400154a34": " constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", "572914441d04691400779025": " cautioning about the law's potential impact. Through the Jubillee Coalition", "572914441d04691400779026": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill", "572914441d04691400779027": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill", "572914441d04691400779028": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill", "572914441d04691400779029": " cautioning about the law's potential impact. Through the Jubillee Coalition", "572914f46aef051400154a46": " trial dates in 2013 for both President Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto related to the 2007 election aftermath, US President Barack Obama", "572914f46aef051400154a47": " trial dates in 2013 for both President Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto related to the 2007 election aftermath, US President Barack Obama", "572914f46aef051400154a48": " Obama", "572914f46aef051400154a49": " trial dates in 2013 for both President Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto related to the 2007 election aftermath, US President Barack Obama", "572915621d0469140077902f": "The armed forces are regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions", "572915621d04691400779030": " Waki Commission", "572915621d04691400779031": "The armed forces are regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions around the world", "572915e43f37b31900478005": "Kenya", "572915e43f37b31900478006": "Kenya", "572915e43f37b31900478007": "Kenya", "572915e43f37b31900478008": "Kenya", "572916f16aef051400154a56": ".519", "572916f16aef051400154a57": ".519", "572916f16aef051400154a58": ".519", "572916f16aef051400154a59": ".519", "572917743f37b3190047800d": " A small portion of the population relies on food aid.[citation needed] Industry", "572917743f37b3190047800f": "East and Central Africa", "572917743f37b31900478010": "East and Central Africa", "572917743f37b3190047800e": "East and Central Africa", "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "Kenya", "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": "Kenya", "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "Kenya", "572917ff6aef051400154a62": " tourism sector", "572917ff6aef051400154a61": "Kenya", "572918bd3f37b31900478016": " gross domestic product", "572918bd3f37b31900478017": " gross domestic product (GDP), after the service sector", "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "riculture", "572918bd3f37b31900478018": "riculture", "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute", "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute", "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute", "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties", "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties", "57291b461d04691400779049": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum", "57291b461d0469140077904a": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum", "57291b461d0469140077904b": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum", "57291b461d0469140077904c": " August and September 2011", "57291b461d0469140077904d": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum", "57291beb1d04691400779053": " Industrial activity, concentrated around the three largest urban centres, Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu, is dominated by food-processing industries", "57291beb1d04691400779054": " Industrial activity, concentrated around the three largest urban centres, Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu, is dominated by food-processing industries", "57291beb1d04691400779055": " Industrial activity, concentrated around the three largest urban centres, Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu, is dominated by food-processing industries", "57291beb1d04691400779056": " Industrial activity, concentrated around the three largest urban centres, Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu, is dominated by food-processing industries", "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "$44 million to US$270 million", "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "Kenya", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "The largest share of Kenya's electricity supply comes from hydroelectric stations", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "The largest share of Kenya's electricity supply comes from hydroelectric stations", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": " at 1,142 megawatts between 2001 and 2003. The state-owned Kenya Electricity Generating Company", "57291f153f37b31900478043": " 10 billion barrels. Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements. Kenya, east Africa", "57291f153f37b31900478044": " 10 billion barrels. Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements. Kenya, east Africa", "57291f153f37b31900478045": " Oil", "57291f153f37b31900478046": "Kenya", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": " FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": " FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": " FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": " FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": " FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China's ambassador to Kenya", "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": " by the year 2030. In 2013, it launched a National Climate Change Action Plan", "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": " by the year 2030. In 2013, it launched a National Climate Change Action Plan", "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": " Kenyan government unveiled Vision 2030", "57292046af94a219006aa0be": " by the year 2030. In 2013, it launched a National Climate Change Action Plan", "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": " by the year 2030. In 2013, it launched a National Climate Change Action Plan", "572920d73f37b31900478055": " to 30% of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution", "572920d73f37b31900478056": " to 30% of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution", "572920d73f37b31900478057": "Child labour is common", "572920d73f37b31900478058": "\u201318. The Ministry of Gender and Child Affairs", "572921646aef051400154a78": " various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities", "572921646aef051400154a79": "Kenya", "572921646aef051400154a7a": " various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues", "572921646aef051400154a7b": "Kenya", "572922206aef051400154a8a": "The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian", "572922206aef051400154a8b": "The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian (83%), with 47.7% regarding themselves as Protestant", "572922206aef051400154a8c": " with 47.7% regarding themselves as Protestant and 23.5% as Roman Catholic of the Latin Rite. The Presbyterian Church of East Africa", "572922206aef051400154a8d": "The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian", "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": " 11.2", "57292449af94a219006aa0de": " (Muslim 11.2", "57292449af94a219006aa0df": " 11.2", "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": " (Muslim 11.", "572924b53f37b31900478067": "Nurses treat 80% of the population who visit dispensaries", "572924b53f37b31900478068": "Nurses treat 80% of the population who visit dispensaries", "572924b53f37b31900478069": "Nurses treat 80% of the population who visit dispensaries", "572924b53f37b3190047806a": " 80% of the population who visit dispensaries", "572925491d046914007790c3": " (", "572925491d046914007790c4": " (", "572925491d046914007790c5": "Diseases of poverty directly correlate with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution: Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level", "572925491d046914007790c6": " (", "572925491d046914007790c7": " (", "572925a81d046914007790cd": "Kenya", "572925a81d046914007790ce": " 12 December 1963, an authority named the Ominde Commission was formed", "572925a81d046914007790cf": "Kenya", "572925a81d046914007790d0": "Kenya", "572925a81d046914007790d1": "Kenya", "572926086aef051400154ac2": " Presidential Working Party on the Second University was commissioned to look at both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya", "572926086aef051400154ac3": " The committee recommended that the 7\u20134\u20132\u20133 system be changed to an 8\u20134\u20134 system", "572926086aef051400154ac4": " Second University was commissioned to look at both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya", "572926086aef051400154ac5": " The committee recommended that the 7\u20134\u20132\u20133 system be changed to an 8\u20134\u20134 system", "572926653f37b31900478079": " school enrolment increased by about 70%. Secondary and tertiary education enrolment has not increased proportionally", "572926653f37b3190047807a": "The current 8\u20134\u20134 system was launched", "572926653f37b3190047807b": "The current 8\u20134\u20134 system was launched", "572926653f37b3190047807c": "The current 8\u20134\u20134 system was launched", "572926653f37b3190047807d": "The current 8\u20134\u20134 system was launched", "572926d23f37b31900478083": " formal education", "572926d23f37b31900478084": " formal education", "572926d23f37b31900478085": " formal education", "572926d23f37b31900478086": " formal education", "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "The country's literacy level stands at 85% of the whole population", "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "The country's literacy level stands at 85", "5729276c1d046914007790d9": "The country's literacy level stands at 85% of the whole population", "5729276c1d046914007790da": " school age is 6/7-13", "5729276c1d046914007790db": " school age is 6/7-13", "572927d06aef051400154ade": " Public Library Services led by the Kenya National Library Service", "572927d06aef051400154adf": " Public Library Services led by the Kenya National Library Service", "572927d06aef051400154ae0": " National and Public Library Services led by the Kenya National Library Service", "572927d06aef051400154ae1": " National and Public Library Services led by the Kenya National Library Service", "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": " several sports, among them cricket", "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "Kenya", "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "Kenya", "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "Kenya", "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "Kenya", "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "Kenya", "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "Kenya", "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics", "572928bf6aef051400154af4": "Kenya", "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": ".[citation needed] The women's team has competed at the Olympics and World Championships but without any notable success. Cricket", "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": ".[citation needed] The women's team has competed at the Olympics and World Championships but without any notable success. Cricket", "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": " The women's team has competed at the Olympics and World Championships but without any notable success. Cricket", "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": "Kenya", "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": "Kenya", "57292994af94a219006aa131": " Shekhar Mehta, Carlos Sainz and Colin McRae. Although the rally still runs annually", "57292994af94a219006aa132": " the motor rallying arena, Kenya", "57292994af94a219006aa133": " the motor rallying arena, Kenya", "572929d56aef051400154b0a": "chai ya saa nne) and 4 pm tea (chai ya saa kumi). Breakfast is usually tea or porridge", "572929d56aef051400154b0b": "Kenyans generally have three meals", "572929d56aef051400154b0c": " three meals", "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "chai ya saa nne) and 4 pm tea (chai ya saa kumi). Breakfast is usually tea or porridge", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", "57293b843f37b31900478134": " 43/53", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", "57293b843f37b31900478136": " 43/53", "57293b843f37b31900478137": " 43/53", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "oesung Lee is the chair of the IPCC since October 8", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "The IPCC Panel", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": " of representatives appointed by governments and organizations. Participation of delegates with appropriate expertise is encouraged", "57293c246aef051400154bba": "The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations. Participation of delegates with appropriate expertise is encouraged", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": " WMO, by UNEP, and by IPCC Members; the scale of payments is determined by the IPCC Panel", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "The IPCC does not carry out research", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "The IPCC", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": " data for inclusion by the lead authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": " data for inclusion by the lead authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": " data for inclusion by the lead authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": " of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "Each chapter has a number of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material", "57293e221d046914007791d5": "The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers", "57293e221d046914007791d6": "The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers", "57293e221d046914007791d8": "The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": " 16 national science academies issued a joint statement on climate change", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": " 16 national science academies issued a joint statement on climate change", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": " 16", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": " 16 national science academies issued a joint statement on climate change. The joint statement was made", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": " 16", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "IPCC author Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": " Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": " Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": " author Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": " Lindzen", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": " Special Reports on specific topics. The preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": " Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": " and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follows the same procedures as for IPCC Assessment Reports. In the year 2011 two IPCC Special Report were finalized", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": " and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports", "572940246aef051400154bec": "The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", "572940246aef051400154bed": "The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", "572940246aef051400154bee": "The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", "572940246aef051400154bef": "The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "-established IPCC procedures in this instance\". The date of 2035", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "-established IPCC procedures in this instance\". The date of 2035", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "-established IPCC procedures in this instance\". The date of 2035", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "-established IPCC procedures in this instance\". The date of 2035", "572941273f37b319004781ad": " IPCC chairman Robert Watson", "572941273f37b319004781ae": " IPCC chairman Robert Watson", "572941273f37b319004781af": " IPCC chairman Robert Watson", "572941273f37b319004781b0": " IPCC chairman Robert Watson", "572941273f37b319004781b1": " IPCC chairman Robert Watson", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "99), which has been referred to as the \"hockey stick graph\". This graph extended the similar graph in Figure 3.20", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "The third assessment report (TAR) prominently featured a graph labeled \"Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction\"", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "The third assessment report (TAR) prominently featured a graph labeled \"Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction\"", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "The third assessment report (TAR) prominently featured a graph labeled \"Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction\"", "57294279af94a219006aa209": " Bush administration", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": " Bush administration", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": " Bush administration", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": " Bush administration", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": " Bush administration", "572943ab1d04691400779219": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": " 23", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": " 12 proxy based temperature reconstructions, including the three highlighted in the 2001 Third Assessment Report (TAR); Mann, Bradley & Hughes 1999", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": " 12 proxy based temperature reconstructions, including the three highlighted in the 2001 Third Assessment Report (TAR); Mann, Bradley & Hughes 1999", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report", "572945b11d0469140077922f": " 1", "572945b11d04691400779230": " 1", "572945b11d04691400779231": " 1", "572945b11d04691400779232": " 1", "572949306aef051400154c68": "Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them", "572949306aef051400154c69": " a study", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": " a broader exploration of uncertainties. Others see as well mixed blessings of the drive for consensus within the IPCC process and ask to include dissenting or minority positions", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": " Oppenheimer", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "enheimer", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "The IPCC process on climate change", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "The IPCC process on climate change", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "The IPCC process on climate change", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": " The ozone case communicated to lay persons \"with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture\"", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": " The ozone case communicated to lay persons \"with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture\"", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": " public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": " global warming, the actors in the ozone depletion case had a better understanding of scientific ignorance", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": " final release", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": " the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it operates on the basis of scientific papers", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": " the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "IPCC. Other recommendations included that the panel employ a full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": " five", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": " a range of new organizational options, from tightening the selection of lead authors", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "IPCC. Other recommendations included that the panel employ a full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", "572953013f37b3190047824d": " main role is to conduct photosynthesis", "572953013f37b3190047824e": "Chloroplasts' main role is to conduct photosynthesis", "572953013f37b3190047824f": "Chloroplasts' main role is to conduct photosynthesis", "572953013f37b31900478250": "Chloroplasts' main role is to conduct photosynthesis", "572953013f37b31900478251": " a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response", "5729544c3f37b31900478257": " cells", "5729544c3f37b31900478258": " highly dynamic\u2014they circulate and are moved around within plant cells", "5729544c3f37b31900478259": " dynamic\u2014they circulate and are moved around within plant cells", "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": " highly dynamic\u2014they circulate and are moved around within plant cells", "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": " highly dynamic\u2014they circulate and are moved around within plant cells", "572956c86aef051400154d1a": " plants and algae", "572956c86aef051400154d1b": "Chloroplasts", "572956c86aef051400154d1c": "Chloroplasts", "572956c86aef051400154d1d": " Mereschkowski", "572956c86aef051400154d1e": " first suggested by the Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski", "572957361d046914007792cf": " a diverse phylum of bacteria capable of carrying out photosynthesis, and are gram-negative, meaning that they have two cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d0": " a diverse phylum of bacteria capable of carrying out photosynthesis, and are gram-negative, meaning that they have two cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d2": "Cyanobacteria", "572957361d046914007792d3": " a diverse phylum of bacteria capable of carrying out photosynthesis, and are gram-negative, meaning that they have two cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d1": " a diverse phylum of bacteria capable of carrying out photosynthesis, and are gram-negative, meaning that they have two cell membranes", "572957ad1d046914007792d9": " assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", "572957ad1d046914007792da": " assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", "572957ad1d046914007792db": " assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", "572957ad1d046914007792dc": " assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", "572957ad1d046914007792dd": " assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", "5729582b1d046914007792e3": " cyanobacterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e4": " plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "These chloroplasts, which can be traced back directly to a cyanobacterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e6": "oplasts, which can be traced back directly to a cyanobacterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e7": " chloroplasts, which can be traced back directly to a cyanobacterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophy", "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": "The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophy", "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophyte, is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast", "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophyte, is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast", "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": "The alga Cyanophora", "57295a116aef051400154d44": "oids", "57295a116aef051400154d45": "oids", "57295a116aef051400154d46": "Rhodoplasts have a double membrane with an intermembrane space", "57295a116aef051400154d47": " a double membrane with an intermembrane space and phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes", "57295a116aef051400154d48": "Rhodoplasts have a double membrane with an intermembrane space", "57295b5b1d04691400779315": "The chloroplast", "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "The chloroplast", "57295b5b1d04691400779317": "The chloroplastidan chloroplasts", "57295b5b1d04691400779318": "The chloroplast", "57295b5b1d04691400779319": "The chloroplastidan chloroplasts, or green chloroplasts", "572961f61d04691400779359": "oplasts have a double membrane", "572961f61d0469140077935a": "oplasts have a double membrane", "572961f61d0469140077935b": " three or four membranes\u2014", "572961f61d0469140077935c": " three or four membranes\u2014", "572961f61d0469140077935d": " three or four membranes\u2014", "572962953f37b319004782f5": " a group of common flagellated protists", "572962953f37b319004782f6": " a group of common flagellated protists", "572962953f37b319004782f7": " a group of common flagellated protists", "572962953f37b319004782f8": " three membranes\u2014it is thought that the membrane of the primary endosymbiont was lost", "572962953f37b319004782f9": " three membranes\u2014it is thought that the membrane of the primary endosymbiont was lost", "572963221d04691400779385": "gal derived chloroplast", "572963221d04691400779386": "gal derived chloroplast", "572963221d04691400779387": "gal derived chloroplast", "572963221d04691400779388": "gal derived chloroplast", "572963221d04691400779389": "gal derived chloroplast", "572963876aef051400154dd2": " chromalveolates. Like the helicosproidia, they're parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast", "572963876aef051400154dd3": " chromalveolates. Like the helicosproidia, they're parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast", "572963876aef051400154dd4": "Apicomplex", "572963876aef051400154dd5": " chromalveolates. Like the helicosproidia, they're parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast", "572963876aef051400154dd6": " chromalveolates. Like the helicosproidia, they're parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast", "5729645b3f37b31900478321": " no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478322": "Apicoplasts have lost all photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478323": "Apicoplasts have lost all photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478324": "Apicoplasts have lost all photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478325": " four membranes, but the membranes are not connected to the endoplasmic reticulum", "572965566aef051400154e00": "The most common dinophyte chloroplast", "572965566aef051400154e01": "The most common dinophyte chloroplast", "572965566aef051400154e02": "The most common dinophyte chloroplast", "572965566aef051400154e03": "The most common dinophyte chloroplast", "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte lineages (", "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte lineages (", "572965e73f37b3190047832d": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte", "572965e73f37b3190047832e": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte lineages (", "572966626aef051400154e13": "in-containing chloroplast", "572966626aef051400154e14": "in-containing chloroplast", "572966626aef051400154e12": "in-containing chloroplast", "572966626aef051400154e15": "in-containing chloroplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "Some dinophytes, like Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have a diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": "atom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "ymbiont has been reduced relatively little\u2014", "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": "atom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": " diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", "572967e31d046914007793b1": "odinium viride", "572967e31d046914007793b2": "odinium viride", "572967e31d046914007793b3": " viride", "572967e31d046914007793b4": " viride", "572967e31d046914007793b5": "odinium viride", "5729686d1d046914007793c1": " a million base pairs long", "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "atophora is an exception that acquired a photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbion", "5729686d1d046914007793c3": " a million base pairs long", "5729686d1d046914007793c4": " a million base pairs long", "5729686d1d046914007793c5": " a million base pairs long", "572968cf1d046914007793cb": " abbreviated as ctDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cc": " DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA", "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": "The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants", "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants", "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants", "572969f51d046914007793dd": "The mechanism for chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) replication", "572969f51d046914007793de": "The mechanism for chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) replication", "572969f51d046914007793e0": "The mechanism for chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) replication", "572969f51d046914007793df": "The mechanism for chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) replication", "572969f51d046914007793e1": "The mechanism for chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) replication", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": "amination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded. When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": " cp", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": "amination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded. When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": "amination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded. When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": " cpDNA", "57296ab93f37b31900478369": " model for cpDNA replication asserts that most cpDNA is linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication", "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": " model for cpDNA replication", "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": " model for cpDNA replication", "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": " model for cpDNA replication asserts that most cpDNA is linear and participates in homologous recombination", "57296b151d046914007793f1": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", "57296b151d046914007793f2": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", "57296b151d046914007793f3": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", "57296b151d046914007793f4": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", "57296bf96aef051400154e52": " DNA protein products", "57296bf96aef051400154e53": " A few chloroplast genes found new homes in the mitochondrial genome\u2014most became nonfunctional pseudogenes", "57296bf96aef051400154e54": " A few chloroplast genes found new homes in the mitochondrial genome\u2014most became nonfunctional pseudogenes", "57296bf96aef051400154e55": " DNA protein products", "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": "peptide is synthesized on a ribosome in the cytosol, an enzyme specific to chloroplast proteins", "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "peptide is synthesized", "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": " synthesized", "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "peptide is synthesized on a ribosome", "57296cb21d04691400779403": " lens-shaped, 5", "57296cb21d04691400779404": " lens-shaped, 5", "57296cb21d04691400779405": " 5", "57296cb21d04691400779406": " lens-shaped, 5", "57296cb21d04691400779407": " lens-shaped, 5", "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": " some common misconceptions about the outer and inner chloroplast membranes", "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": " common misconceptions about the outer and inner chloroplast membranes. The fact that chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane", "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": " some common misconceptions about the outer and inner chloroplast membranes", "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": "The chloroplast double membrane", "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": " thylakoid system", "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": "The chloroplast", "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "oid system", "57296d8d1d04691400779421": "The chloroplast double membrane is also often compared to the mitochondrial double membrane. This is not a valid comparison\u2014the inner mitochondria membrane", "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "The chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "The chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "The chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "The chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": "Some chloroplasts contain a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": "Some chloroplasts contain a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": " a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": "Some chloroplasts contain a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": "Some chloroplasts contain a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum", "57296eb01d04691400779435": " a small fraction of their proteins", "57296eb01d04691400779436": "Chloroplasts have their own ribosomes, which they use to synthesize a small fraction of their proteins", "57296eb01d04691400779437": "Chloroplasts", "57296eb01d04691400779438": " a small fraction of their proteins", "57296eb01d04691400779439": "Chloroplasts have their own ribosomes", "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "oglobuli (singular plastoglobulus, sometimes spelled plastoglobule(s)), are spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins", "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": "obuli", "57296eee6aef051400154e90": "obuli (singular plastoglobulus, sometimes spelled plastoglobule(s)), are spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins", "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "obuli", "57296eee6aef051400154e92": "obuli (singular plastoglobulus, sometimes spelled plastoglobule(s)), are spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "obuli", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": "Plastoglobuli", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": " a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": "oglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network", "57296f85af94a219006aa403": "The chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", "57296f85af94a219006aa404": "The chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", "57296f85af94a219006aa405": "The chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", "57296f85af94a219006aa406": "The chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", "57296f85af94a219006aa407": "The chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", "57296fd71d0469140077943f": " flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes", "57296fd71d04691400779440": " flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes", "57296fd71d04691400779441": " flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes", "57296fd71d04691400779442": " flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes", "57296fd71d04691400779443": " the helical thylakoid model, grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes", "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": " harnesses the concentration gradient of the hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy", "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": " harnesses the concentration gradient of the hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy", "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": " harnesses the concentration gradient of the hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy", "5729703d3f37b319004783be": " harnesses the concentration gradient of the hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy", "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": " harnesses the concentration gradient of the hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy", "572970916aef051400154eba": " thylakoids\u2014granal thylakoids", "572970916aef051400154ebb": " thylakoids\u2014granal thylakoids", "572970916aef051400154ebc": "akoids", "572970916aef051400154ebe": " thylakoids\u2014granal thylakoids", "572970916aef051400154ebd": " thylakoids\u2014granal thylakoids", "57297103af94a219006aa423": " a bright red-orange carotenoid", "57297103af94a219006aa424": "otenoid", "57297103af94a219006aa425": " \u03b2-carotene", "57297103af94a219006aa426": " another group of yellow\u2013orange pigments called carotenoids", "57297103af94a219006aa427": "enoids", "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa430": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa431": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", "572971af6aef051400154ede": " light reactions of photosynthesis", "572971af6aef051400154edf": " carbon dioxide into sugar molecules", "572971af6aef051400154ee0": " carbon dioxide into sugar molecules", "572971af6aef051400154ee1": " carbon dioxide into sugar molecules", "572971af6aef051400154ee2": " carbon dioxide into sugar molecules", "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": " light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": " light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", "5729723c6aef051400154eea": " light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": " light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", "5729723c6aef051400154eec": " light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", "5729729a1d0469140077948b": "Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948d": "Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948e": "Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948f": " green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", "572972f46aef051400154ef2": "\u2013", "572972f46aef051400154ef3": "\u2013", "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "\u2013", "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "\u2013", "572972f46aef051400154ef5": "\u2013", "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": "The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells", "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": "The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells", "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells", "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells", "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells", "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "Plants", "57297427af94a219006aa453": "Chloroplasts", "57297427af94a219006aa454": "icylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", "57297427af94a219006aa455": "icylic acid", "57297427af94a219006aa456": "Chloroplasts", "572974923f37b3190047840b": " Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840c": " main functions of the chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840d": " main functions of the chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840e": " main functions of the chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840f": " main functions of the chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis", "572975073f37b31900478415": " thylakoid system", "572975073f37b31900478416": " thylakoid system", "572975073f37b31900478417": " thylakoid system", "572975073f37b31900478418": " thylakoid space then diffuse back down their concentration gradient, flowing back out into the stroma through ATP synthase", "572975073f37b31900478419": "oplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP energy", "572975511d046914007794a7": " photolyzes water to obtain and energize new electrons", "572975511d046914007794a8": " photolyzes water to obtain and energize new electrons", "572975511d046914007794a9": " electrons", "572975511d046914007794aa": " photolyzes water to obtain and energize new electrons", "572975a3af94a219006aa465": "The Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2", "572975a3af94a219006aa466": "The Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2", "572975a3af94a219006aa467": "The Calvin cycle", "572975a3af94a219006aa468": " Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2", "572976183f37b31900478431": " starch granules displace the thylakoids, but leave them intact. Waterlogged roots can also cause starch buildup", "572976183f37b31900478432": "omers", "572976183f37b31900478433": "omers", "572976183f37b31900478434": "omers", "572976183f37b31900478435": "omers", "572976791d046914007794af": " O2 instead of CO2", "572976791d046914007794b0": " O2 instead of CO2", "572976791d046914007794b1": "isco cannot distinguish between oxygen and carbon dioxide very well, so it can accidentally add O2 instead of CO2", "572976791d046914007794b2": "Photorespiration", "572976791d046914007794b3": " O2 instead of CO2", "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": " methionine", "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": "Chloroplasts", "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": "Chloroplasts", "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": "ionine", "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "Chloroplasts", "57297725af94a219006aa49c": " a special type of a plant cell organelle called a plastid", "57297725af94a219006aa49d": "Chloroplasts", "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "Chloroplasts", "5729779b6aef051400154f62": " an etioplast stage before becoming chloroplasts", "5729779b6aef051400154f63": "last", "5729779b6aef051400154f64": " etioplast is a plastid that lacks chlorophyll, and has inner membrane invaginations", "5729779b6aef051400154f65": " etioplast is a plastid that lacks chlorophyll, and has inner membrane invaginations", "5729779b6aef051400154f66": " an etioplast stage before becoming chloroplasts", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": " pigment-filled plastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": "Plastid differentiation", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": " chromoplasts, which are pigment-filled plastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "Plastid differentiation", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "versions are possible. Chloroplasts may be converted to chromoplasts, which are pigment-filled plastids", "5729784b1d046914007794c9": "The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794ca": "The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cb": "The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cc": "The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cd": "The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": "dividing ring", "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": "dividing ring", "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": "dividing ring", "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "dividing ring", "5729789b6aef051400154f70": " the two plastid-dividing rings, or PD rings", "572978e66aef051400154f76": " a requirement for chloroplast division", "572978e66aef051400154f78": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division", "572978e66aef051400154f79": "last division", "572978e66aef051400154f77": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division", "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": " disseminated by pollen. This makes plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": " a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": " a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": " a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", "57296d571d04691400779413": "isors other than 1 and itself. A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called a composite number. For example, 5", "57296d571d04691400779414": "A prime number (or a prime)", "57296d571d04691400779415": "A prime number (", "57296d571d04691400779416": "A prime number (", "57296d571d04691400779417": "A prime number (", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "The property of being prime (or not) is called primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "The property of being prime (or not) is called primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "The property of being prime", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "The property of being prime", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "The property of being prime (or not) is called primality", "572970c11d04691400779463": " 300 BC. There is no known simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers", "572970c11d04691400779464": " 300 BC. There is no known simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers", "572970c11d04691400779465": " infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC. There is no known simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers", "572970c11d04691400779466": " infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300", "572970c11d04691400779467": " infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "Many questions regarding prime numbers remain open, such as Goldbach's conjecture (", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "Many questions regarding prime numbers remain open, such as Goldbach's conjecture (", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "imes whose difference is 2). Such questions spurred the development of various branches of number theory", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "Many questions regarding prime numbers remain open, such as Goldbach's conjecture (", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": " Goldbach's conjecture (", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "Hence, 6", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "Hence, 6", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "Hence, 6", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "Hence, 6", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "Hence, 6", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": " By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": " By the Middle Ages and Renaissance many mathematicians included 1 as the first prime number", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": " By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": " By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": " By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "A large body of mathematical work would still be valid when calling 1", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": " 15", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": " 15", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": " 15", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": " 15", "572978f91d046914007794d3": " Mersenne prime. The Sieve of Eratosthenes", "572978f91d046914007794d4": " Mersenne prime. The Sieve of Eratosthenes", "572978f91d046914007794d5": " Mersenne prime. The Sieve of Eratosthenes", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "ersenne prime. The Sieve of Eratosthenes", "572978f91d046914007794d7": " Mersenne prime. The Sieve of Eratosthenes", "57297a276aef051400154f88": " the Greeks, little happened with the study of prime numbers", "57297a276aef051400154f89": " + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified this up to n = 4", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": " + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified this up to n = 4", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": " + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified this up to n = 4", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": " + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers)", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "Modern primality tests for general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "Modern primality tests for general numbers", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "Modern primality tests for general numbers", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "Modern primality tests for general numbers", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "Modern primality tests", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": " little theorem) that np\u2261n (", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "Lehmer test is particularly fast for numbers of this form. This is why the largest known prime has almost always been a Mersenne prime", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "Lehmer test is particularly fast for numbers of this form. This is why the largest known prime has almost always been a Mersenne prime", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "are prime. Prime numbers of this form are known as factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": " factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": " factorial primes", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "The following table gives the largest known primes of the mentioned types. Some of these primes have been found using distributed computing", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits. The Electronic Frontier Foundation", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits. The Electronic Frontier Foundation", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The following table gives the largest known primes of the mentioned types. Some of these primes have been found using distributed computing", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "The following table gives the largest known primes of the mentioned types. Some of these primes have been found using distributed computing", "572985011d04691400779501": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", "572985011d04691400779502": " natural number n", "572985011d04691400779503": "are prime for any natural number n", "572985011d04691400779504": " natural number n", "572985011d04691400779505": " natural number n", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": " coprime", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": " many primes only when a and q are coprime", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": " many primes", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": " many primes only when a and q are coprime", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": " infinitely many primes", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "The zeta function", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": " 1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "The unproven Riemann hypothesis", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": " 1859", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "The unproven Riemann hypothesis, dating from 1859", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "The unproven Riemann hypothesis, dating from 1859", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": " February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 101", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": " a proof for decades: all four of Landau's problems from 1912 are still unsolved", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": " a proof for decades: all four of Landau's problems from 1912 are still unsolved", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": " February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 101", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": " February 2011[", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", "57299326af94a219006aa515": " public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", "57299326af94a219006aa516": " public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", "57299326af94a219006aa517": " a long time, number theory in general, and the study of prime numbers", "57299326af94a219006aa518": " public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", "57299326af94a219006aa519": " public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "uga's conjecture", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "uga's conjecture", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "uga's conjecture", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "uga's conjecture", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "uga's conjecture", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": " Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": " Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": " Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": " public-", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": " public-", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "The concept of prime number", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "The concept of prime number", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": " two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "ucible elements. An element p", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "The fundamental theorem", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "The fundamental theorem", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": " ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": " ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": " ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": " commutative algebra", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": " ring", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "gebro-geometric objects", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": " the points of algebro-geometric objects", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "ki's theorem", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "ki's theorem", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "ki's theorem", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": " a number is multiplied by p", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "1949", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "1949", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "1949", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "1935", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "Prime numbers", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": " variant forms of the name of the Rhine", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": " Tamins-Reichenau", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": " Tamins-Reichenau", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": " Tamins-Reichenau", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": " Tamins-Reichenau", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": " Tamins-Reichenau", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": " Tamins-Reichenau", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": " Tamins-Reichenau", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": " Tamins-Reichenau", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": " Tamins-Reichenau", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": " turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "oldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "oldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "A regulation of the Rhine", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "oldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": " regulation", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "oldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "A regulation", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "oldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": " regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": " canal near Diepoldsau", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "\u00b019\u2032", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "Lake Constance", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "\u00b019\u2032", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Lake Constance", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "Lake Constance", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "\u00b019\u2032", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "\u00b019\u2032", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "\u00b019\u2032", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "\u00b019\u2032", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "\u00b019\u2032", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": " cold, gray mountain water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": " a fifth of the discharge at the Dutch border. The Aare also contains the waters from the 4,274 m (", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": " a fifth of the discharge at the Dutch border. The Aare also contains the waters from the 4,274 m (", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": " a fifth of the discharge at the Dutch border", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": " the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the \"Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": " Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the \"Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": " Rhine through the Upper Rhine Plain", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": " Rhine through the Upper Rhine Plain", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": " Rhine through the Upper Rhine Plain", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": " the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the \"Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": " the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the \"Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": " tributaries in this area are the Ill below of Strasbourg, the Neck", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": " Legally, the Central Bridge", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": " Rhine through the Upper Rhine Plain", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": " straightening program", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century. The rate of flow was increased", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century. The rate of flow was increased", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": " an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s). Northeastern France", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": " erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": " erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": " erosion", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": " erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": " Bingen and Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": " erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": " erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": " Bingen and Bonn", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "Until the early 1980s, industry", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": " a major source of water pollution", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "isburg, is nowadays a clean river, thanks to a combination of stricter environmental controls, a transition from heavy industry to light industry and cleanup measures", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "isburg, is nowadays a clean river, thanks to a combination of stricter environmental controls, a transition from heavy industry to light industry", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": " a major source of water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": " a major source of water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": " Gorge between R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Near Sankt Goarshaus", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": " no longer coincides with the main flow of water. Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": " Nederrijn carries approximately two ninths of the flow west", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": " Nederrijn carries approximately two ninths of the flow west", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "The name Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "The name Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "The name Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "The name Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north, which together formed the main river Rhine", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "The name Rijn", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "The Rhine-Meuse", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "The Rhine-Meuse", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "The Rhine-Meuse", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "The shape of the Rhine", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "The shape of the Rhine delta", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "The shape of the Rhine", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "The shape of the Rhine delta", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "The shape of the Rhine delta", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "1421", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "The hydrography of the current delta", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJs", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJs", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJs", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "ducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": " Tethys floor", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "ducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "ducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "ducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": " the Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N\u2013S rift system", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": " By the time of the Miocene, a river system had developed in the Upper Rhine Graben, that continued north", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": " Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N\u2013S rift system to develop in this zone", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": " Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N\u2013S rift system", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": " stream capture", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": " By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": " By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": " six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": " 2.", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": " six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": " (~", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": " glacial times, the river mouth was located offshore of Brest, France", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "74,000 (BP", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": " (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000\u2013", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": " ~74,000 (BP", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": " ~74,000 (", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": " fauna, stretched across middle Europe", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "\u201314,000 yr BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": ". 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": " fauna, stretched across middle Europe", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": " fauna, stretched across middle Europe", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": " By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": " By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": " By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": " By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": " By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": " dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": " dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": " dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": " dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": " dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "raidplain. As sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands, the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": " (~8,000 years ago). Coeval absolute sea-level rise and tectonic subsidence have strongly influenced delta evolution", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "raidplain. As sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands, the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "Meuse delta", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": " ~3000 yr BP", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": " ~3000 yr BP", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": " ~3000 yr BP", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": " ~3000 yr BP", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": " ~3000 yr BP", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": " 17", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": " 17", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": " 17", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": " 17", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": " 17", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "The Rhine was not known to Herodotus", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "The Rhine was not known to Herodotus", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "The Rhine was not known to Herodotus", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "The Rhine was not known to Herodotus", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": " 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": " the death of Augustus in AD 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": " 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": " 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": " 14", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": " AD 14", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "The Romans kept eight legions", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "The Romans kept eight legions", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "The Romans kept eight legions in five bases", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "The Romans kept eight legions", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": " tribes crossed the Rhine", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": " tribes", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": " tribes", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": " tribes", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": " tribes", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": " 1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": " 1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": " 1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": " 1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": " 1469", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": " 1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": " the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": " 1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": " 1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": " 1806", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "ineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "ineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": " Versailles", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "ailles and this particular provision, in general, caused much resentment in Germany and is often cited as helping Adolf Hitler's rise to power", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "ineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": " Bridge Too Far and the film, was a central focus of the battle for Arnhem, during the failed Operation Market Garden of September 1944", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": " bridge", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": " Bridge Too Far and the film, was a central focus of the battle for Arnhem, during the failed Operation Market Garden of September 1944", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": " The Bridge at Remagen. Seven Days to the River Rhine", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": " The Bridge at Remagen. Seven Days to the River Rhine", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "766 miles).[", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "766 miles).[", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "766 miles).[", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "766 miles).[", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "766 miles).[", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": " referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": " referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": " in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": " referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": " a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": " legislate for the majority of domestic Scottish affairs", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": " legislate for the majority of domestic Scottish affairs", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "ved due to the outbreak of the First World War", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": " legislate for the majority of domestic Scottish affairs", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": " legislate for the majority of domestic Scottish affairs", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": " the discovery of oil", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": " oil", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": " Prime Minister Wilson committing his government to some form of devolved legislature", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": " the discovery of oil", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": " the discovery of oil", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": " a Scottish Parliament grew, in part because the government of the United Kingdom was controlled by the Conservative Party, while Scotland itself elected relatively few Conservative MPs", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": " Conservative MPs", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": " Conservative MPs", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": " Conservative MPs", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": " a new Scottish Parliament Building", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": " Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "alles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": " official home of the Scottish Parliament has been a new Scottish Parliament Building", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": " the official home of the Scottish Parliament has been a new Scottish Parliament Building", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "Whilst the permanent building at Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": " the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": " the permanent building at Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "Whilst the permanent building at Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": " Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": " General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": " General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": " Regional Council on George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": " Regional Council on George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": " Regional Council on George IV Bridge", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": " Presiding Officer", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": " elects one MSP", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": " Presiding Officer", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": " MSP", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": " MSPs to serve as deputies (currently Elaine Smith and John Scott). The Presiding Officer and deputies are elected by a secret ballot of the 129", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "vening the Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": " Presiding Officer also represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": " Presiding Officer also represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": " Presiding Officer also represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": " debating chamber", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "The debating chamber", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": " MSPs and 2 are seats for the Scottish Law Officers \u2013 the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General for Scotland", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": " Presiding Officers' desk", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": " Presiding Officers' desk", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": " Presiding Officers' desk", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": " Presiding Officers' desk", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": " Presiding Officers' desk", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "Parliament typically sits Tuesdays", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "Parliament typically sits Tuesdays", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "Parliament", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "Parliament typically sits Tuesdays", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "Parliament typically sits Tuesdays", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": " Reflection, at which a speaker addresses members for up to four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": " Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection, at which a speaker addresses members for up to four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "The first item of business on Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection, at which a speaker addresses members for up to four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": " Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "The first item of business on Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection, at which a speaker addresses members for up to four minutes", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "The Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer) decides who speaks in chamber debates", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": " Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer) decides who speaks in chamber debates", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "The Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer) decides who speaks in chamber debates", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": " Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer) decides who speaks in chamber debates", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": " heralded by the sounding of the division bell", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": " \"There will be a division\" and members vote by means of electronic consoles on their desks", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": " \"There will be a division\" and members vote by means of electronic consoles on their desks", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": " \"There will be a division\" and members vote by means of electronic consoles on their desks", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": " heralded by the sounding of the division bell", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand since political parties normally instruct members", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand since political parties normally instruct members", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": " accorded official parliamentary time. As well as the proposer, other members normally contribute to the debate", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": " accorded official parliamentary time. As well as the proposer, other members normally contribute to the debate", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": " accorded official parliamentary time. As well as the proposer, other members normally contribute to the debate", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": " accorded official parliamentary time. As well as the proposer, other members normally contribute to the debate", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": " accorded official parliamentary time. As well as the proposer, other members normally contribute to the debate", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": " The role of committees", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": " Scottish Parliament is done in committee. The role of committees", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": " The role of committees", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": " the work of the Scottish Parliament", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": " Scottish Parliament is done in committee. The role of committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": " Public Petitions; Standards, Procedures and Public Appointments", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": " Public Petitions; Standards, Procedures and Public Appointments", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "Committees comprise a small number of MSPs", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Committees comprise a small number of MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "Committees comprise a small number of MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": " (or ministries) of the Scottish Government. The current Subject Committees in the fourth Session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": " Committees are established at the beginning of each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": " Committees are established", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": " at the beginning of each parliamentary session", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": " scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": " committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": " further type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": " Bill Committees", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": " 19 November 1998, governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament and delimits its legislative competence. The Scotland Act 2012", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": " 19 November 1998, governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament and delimits its legislative competence. The Scotland Act 2012", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": " 19 November 1998, governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament and delimits its legislative competence. The Scotland Act 2012", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": " 19 November 1998, governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament and delimits its legislative competence. The Scotland Act 2012", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": " 19 November 1998, governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament and delimits its legislative competence. The Scotland Act 2012", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": " explicitly stated in Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "The specific devolved matters are all subjects which are not explicitly stated in Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "The specific devolved matters are all subjects which are not explicitly stated in Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": " not explicitly stated in Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "The specific devolved matters are all subjects which are not explicitly stated in Schedule 5", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways; the Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "Bills can be introduced to Parliament", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "Bills can be introduced to Parliament", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "Bills can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways; the Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "Bills can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways; the Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": " Financial Memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it. Statements from the Presiding Officer", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": " Financial Memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it. Statements from the Presiding Officer", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": " Financial Memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it. Statements from the Presiding Officer", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": " Financial Memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it. Statements from the Presiding Officer", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": " Financial Memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it. Statements from the Presiding Officer", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": " further progress and take up parliamentary time, to cause the bill to fall without a final vote", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": " a final vote on the bill", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": " consideration of amendments to the bill as a general debate", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": " a final vote on the bill", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": " a final vote on the bill", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "Royal assent", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "Royal assent", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "Royal assent", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "Royal assent", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "Royal assent", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": " elects a First Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "Under the Scotland Act 1998", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "Under the Scotland Act 1998", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": " Act 1998", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "Under the Scotland Act 1998", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": " on the first Thursday in May every four years (1999, 2003", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": " Parliament", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "Several procedures enable the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government. The First Minister or members of the cabinet can deliver statements to Parliament", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": " procedures enable the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government. The First Minister or members of the cabinet can deliver statements to Parliament", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": " procedures enable the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government. The First Minister or members of the cabinet can deliver statements to Parliament", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliament", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "Parliament", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "Parliament", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "Parliament", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "Parliament", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": " MSPs, 73 are elected", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": " 129 MSP", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": " 129 MSPs, 73 are elected", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": " 129 MSPs, 73 are elected", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": " 129 MSPs, 73 are elected", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "The total number of seats in the Parliament are allocated to parties", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "The total number of seats in the Parliament are allocated", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "The total number of seats in the Parliament are allocated to parties", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "The total number of seats in the Parliament are allocated to parties", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "The total number of seats in the Parliament are allocated to parties", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": " Act 1975", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": " Act 1975", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": " Act 1975", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": " Act 1975", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": " Act 1975", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "The election produced a majority SNP government", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "The election produced a majority SNP government", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "The election produced a majority SNP government", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": " a majority SNP government", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "The election produced a majority SNP government", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": " the Conservatives", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": " the Conservatives", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": " the Conservatives", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": " the Conservatives", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": " the Conservatives", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": " procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": " Political Islam", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": " moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt \"to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life.\" Islamism favors the reordering of government", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": " Political Islam", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": " Political Islam", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "Islamism", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": " the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": " the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "ist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "ist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "ist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": " Roy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Another major division within Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": " Roy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": " Roy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": " Roy", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": " a controversial concept", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": " a controversial concept", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": " a controversial concept", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": " a controversial concept", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": " a controversial concept", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "the conception of 'political Islam'\" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": " International Crisis Group maintains that \"the conception of 'political Islam'\" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": " \"", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": " \"", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": " \"", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": " The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers \"", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": " The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers \"", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": " The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers \"", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": " a formidable insurgency was formed in Egypt in the 1990s. The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers \"", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": " The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers \"", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "The interpretation of Islam promoted", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "The interpretation of Islam", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "The interpretation of Islam", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "The interpretation of Islam", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "The interpretation of Islam promoted", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "ist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "ist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "ist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "ist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "ist", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League in 1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": " secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": " 29 December 1930, Iqbal outlined a vision of an independent state for Muslim-majority provinces", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League in 1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": " 29 December 1930, Iqbal outlined a vision of an independent state for Muslim-majority provinces", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "yid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "yid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "yid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "aududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": " Maududi talked about Islamic revolution", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "Maududi", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "aududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "aududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "ly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": " the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": " the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": " several times", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": " several times", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": " several times", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": " A steep and steady decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics ensued. Ba'athism", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution, had resemblance with Mohammad Iqbal", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "The views of Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "The views of Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "The views of Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "The views of Ali Shariati", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "The Islamic Republic has also", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": " estimated 16,000 to 35,000 Muslim volunteers came from around the world came to fight in Afghanistan", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": " The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": " The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": " The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": " The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": " Islamist movement was the Gulf War", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": " the Islamist movement was the Gulf War", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": " the Islamist movement was the Gulf War", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": " a puppet of the west", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": " conservative Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": " conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": " a bloody civil war in Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": " a bloody civil war in Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": " a bloody civil war in Algeria and Osama bin Laden's terror attacks climaxing in the 9/11 attack.", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": " the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": " increasingly radical", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": " By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": " By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "The path of violence and military struggle", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": " the campaign to overthrow the government was unsuccessful", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": " over 100 Egyptian police. Ultimately the campaign to overthrow the government was unsuccessful", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": " the campaign to overthrow the government was unsuccessful", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": " the campaign to overthrow the government was unsuccessful", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": " the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": " the First Palestine Intifada", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": " the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a \"quiescent\" stance towards Israel", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": " devout middle class found common cause with the impoverished youth of the intifada in their cultural conservatism and antipathy for activities of the secular middle class", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": " Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a \"quiescent\" stance towards Israel", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": " a major player in Palestine. From 2000 to 2007 it killed 5", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": " January 2006 legislative election\u2014", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": " January 2006 legislative election\u2014", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine. From 2000", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": " Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia. He also recruited and built a cadre of influential loyalists", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": " Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia. He also recruited and built a cadre of influential loyalists", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": " Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": " foreign Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia. He also recruited and built a cadre of influential loyalists", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": " foreign Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia. He also recruited and built a cadre of influential loyalists", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": " The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": " a liberal government before coming to power", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": " the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": " a liberal government before coming to power", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": " intensification of the long-running war in southern Sudan, once in power. The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": " Islamist movement influenced by Salafism", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "An Islamist movement influenced by Salafism", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": " Islamist movement influenced by Salafism", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": " Islamist movement influenced by Salafism", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": " FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "ideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "ideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": " the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": " the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ruled by communist forces collapsed, and democratic Islamist elements of mujahdeen founded the Islamic State of Afghanistan", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "ideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "The Taliban were spawned", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "The Taliban were spawned", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "The Taliban were spawned", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "The Taliban were spawned", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": " a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": " a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": " a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": " a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": " a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "The Islamic State", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "The Islamic State", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": " Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself a caliphate, with religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": " had control over territory occupied by ten million people in Iraq and Syria, and has nominal control over small areas of Libya, Nigeria and Afghanistan. (", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "The Islamic State\", formerly known as the \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": " the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": " Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": " the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": " Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": " different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": " different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": " different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": " the Caliphate", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "HT does not engage in armed jihad", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": " armed jihad", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": " armed jihad", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": " armed jihad", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "HT does not engage in armed jihad", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": " 900,000 Muslims, (", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": " over 900,000 Muslims, (", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": " 900,000 Muslims, (", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": " 900,000 Muslims, (", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "The U.S. government", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "The U.S. government", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "The U.S. government", "57303048947a6a140053d258": ".S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism and jihadism", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "perialism", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "Imperialism", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Imperialism", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "perialism", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": " (see other) based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "perialism", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": " (see other) based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "perialism", "57306797396df919000960ee": "The definition of imperialism", "57306797396df919000960ef": "The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries and was confused", "57306797396df919000960f0": "The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries and was confused", "57306797396df919000960f2": "The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries and was confused", "57306797396df919000960f1": "The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries and was confused", "573081c2069b531400832133": "The word \u2018empire\u2019", "573081c2069b531400832134": "The word \u2018empire\u2019", "573081c2069b531400832135": "The word \u2018empire\u2019", "573081c2069b531400832136": "The word \u2018empire\u2019", "573081c2069b531400832137": "The word \u2018empire\u2019", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "perialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "perialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "Imperialism and colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "perialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "perialism", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", "5730876a396df9190009617b": " rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", "5730876a396df9190009617e": " rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", "573088da069b53140083216b": "The Royal Geographical Society of London", "573088da069b53140083216c": "The Royal Geographical Society of London", "573088da069b53140083216d": "The Royal Geographical Society of London", "573088da069b53140083216e": "The Royal Geographical Society", "573088da069b53140083216f": "The Royal Geographical Society of London", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": " also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "The principles of imperialism", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "The principles of imperialism", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "The principles of imperialism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "entalism, as theorized by Edward Said", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "entalism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "entalism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "entalism, as theorized by Edward Said", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "entalism", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": " Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": " Bassett", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": " Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": " imperial and colonial powers to obtain \"", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": " Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "perialism", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "perialism", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "Imperialism", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "Imperialism", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "perialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": " moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just \"foreign\" music, television or film becoming popular", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "Cultural imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Cultural imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": " moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just \"foreign\" music, television or film becoming popular", "57309446396df919000961b8": "The Age of Imperialism, a time period beginning around 1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "The Age of Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961ba": "The Age of Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961bb": "The Age of Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961bc": "The Age of Imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": " The colonization of India", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": " imperialism", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "'s expansion into territorial imperialism", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "'s expansion into territorial imperialism", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": " Liberal John A. Hobson and Marxist Vladimir Lenin", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": " Liberal John A. Hobson and Marxist Vladimir Lenin", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": " Liberal John A. Hobson and Marxist Vladimir Lenin", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "ophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1872", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1872", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "1872", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "1872", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "The concept environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "The concept environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "The concept environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "The concept environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "The concept environmental determinism", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": " moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": " moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": " moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": " moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": " moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", "5730a40f396df91900096234": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", "5730a40f396df91900096235": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", "5730a40f396df91900096236": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", "5730a40f396df91900096237": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", "5730a40f396df91900096238": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": " Republicans", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": " Republicans", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": " Republicans", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": " Republicans", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": " Republicans", "5730a951069b531400832213": " 18", "5730a951069b531400832214": " 18", "5730a951069b531400832215": " 18", "5730a951069b531400832216": " 18", "5730a951069b531400832217": " 18", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": " a bitter war in Vietnam", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": " a bitter war in Vietnam", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": " a bitter war in Vietnam", "5730aa52069b531400832220": " a bitter war in Vietnam", "5730aa52069b531400832221": " a bitter war in Vietnam", "5730ab63396df91900096260": " their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096263": " original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096261": " their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096262": " Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096264": " Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "1862", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "1862", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": " maritime power", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "1862", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": " 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": " 1894", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": " 1894", "5730b255396df919000962b0": " internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination", "5730b255396df919000962b1": " internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Bolshevik leaders had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921", "5730b255396df919000962b3": " internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination", "5730b255396df919000962b4": " internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": " Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Trotsky", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Trotsky", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "Trotsky", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "Trotsky", "5730b541396df919000962c2": " 1776", "5730b541396df919000962c3": " 1776", "5730b541396df919000962c5": " 1776", "5730b541396df919000962c4": " 1776", "5730b541396df919000962c6": " 1776", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": " Isiah Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": " Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": " key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": " key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": " key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "Some have described the internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": " internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": " internal form is distinct from informal U.S. imperialism", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": " internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "The Ottoman Empire", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": " 1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": " 1299 to 1923", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": " Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": " Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": " The empire allied with Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": " The empire allied with Germany", "5730982f396df919000961e2": "The United Methodist Church", "5730982f396df919000961e3": "The United Methodist Church (UMC)", "5730982f396df919000961e4": "The United Methodist Church", "5730982f396df919000961e5": "The United Methodist Church", "5730982f396df919000961e6": "The United Methodist Church", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": "The United Methodist Church", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": " 7.", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "The United Methodist Church", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "The United Methodist Church", "57309921396df919000961f6": "The movement which would become The United Methodist Church", "57309921396df919000961f7": "The movement which would become The United Methodist Church", "57309921396df919000961f8": "The movement which would become The United Methodist Church", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": " 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": " 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": " 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": " 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": " 1784, after unsuccessful attempts to have the Church of England send a bishop", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": " 1784, after unsuccessful attempts to have the Church of England send a bishop", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": " 17", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": " a revision of the Anglican Prayerbook and the Articles of Religion which were received and adopted by the Baltimore Christmas Conference of 1784", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": " 1784, after unsuccessful attempts to have the Church of England send a bishop", "57309adb396df919000961fc": " 1769. The congregation was founded in 1767", "57309adb396df919000961fd": " 1769. The congregation was founded in 1767", "57309adb396df919000961fe": " 1767", "57309adb396df919000961ff": " 1767", "57309adb396df91900096200": " 1767", "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": " 1784", "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": " 1784", "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": " 1784", "57309d31396df91900096210": " 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops", "57309d31396df91900096211": " 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops", "57309d31396df91900096212": " 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops", "57309d31396df91900096213": " 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops", "5730a97a396df9190009625a": " April 23", "5730a97a396df9190009625b": " April 23", "5730a97a396df9190009625c": " April 23", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "The United Methodist Church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": "The United Methodist Church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "The United Methodist Church", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": " 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": " 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": " The United Methodist Church can lay a claim on apostolic succession", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": " The United Methodist Church in 1968, theologian Albert C. Outler", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": " The United Methodist Church in 1968, theologian Albert C. Outler", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": " The United Methodist Church in 1968, theologian Albert C. Outler", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": " The United Methodist Church in 1968, theologian Albert C. Outler", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "goes before\" us, is given to all people", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "venient grace", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": "Prevenient grace", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": "Prevenient grace", "5730aeba069b531400832241": "Justifying Grace", "5730aeba069b531400832242": "Justifying Grace", "5730aeba069b531400832243": "Justifying Grace", "5730aeba069b531400832244": "Justifying Grace", "5730aeba069b531400832245": "ifying Grace", "5730afed069b53140083225f": " a Spirit-filled and Christ-like life aimed toward love. Wesley never claimed this state of perfection for himself", "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying Grace", "5730afed069b531400832261": " Perfection", "5730afed069b531400832262": "Sanctifying Grace is that grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": "Wesleyan theology", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": "esleyan theology", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "Wesleyan theology", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "esleyan theology", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "The United Methodist Church", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "The United Methodist Church", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "The United Methodist Church", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "The church also holds that they \"", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "The church also holds that they \"", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": "The church also holds that they \"", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": " Church", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": " pro-life position have organized into the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": " pro-life position have organized into the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality (TUMAS)", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": " temperance movement", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": " \"The Use of Money,\" and in his letter to an alcoholic.", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": " temperance movement", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": " \"The Use of Money", "5730b54c069b53140083228d": "The United Methodist Church", "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "The United Methodist Church", "5730b54c069b53140083228f": "The United Methodist Church", "5730b54c069b531400832290": "The United Methodist Church", "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "-sex unions", "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": "-sex unions", "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": " Creech", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": " The United Methodist Church", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": " The United Methodist Church \"implore[s] families and churches not to reject or condemn lesbian and gay members and friends\"", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": " The United Methodist Church \"implore[s] families and churches not to reject or condemn lesbian and gay members and friends\"", "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "rocked Methodist minister Rose Mary Denman", "5730b776069b5314008322be": " Irene Elizabeth Stroud", "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "aconate", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "The United Methodist Church opposes conscription", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "The United Methodist Church opposes conscription", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "The United Methodist Church opposes conscription", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": "The United Methodist Church", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "The United Methodist Church", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "The United Methodist Church", "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": "The United Methodist Church", "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "The United Methodist Church", "5730bdfe396df91900096310": "The United Methodist Church", "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos created for IVF that remain after the procreative efforts have ceased", "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": "The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos", "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": "The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos", "5730c059069b531400832305": "The common pattern comes from John Wesley", "5730c059069b531400832306": "The common pattern comes from John Wesley", "5730c059069b531400832307": " The Book of Common Prayer", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": "ointing with oil", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": " The United Methodist Church has official liturgies for services of Holy Communion", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": "ointing with oil", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "ist", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": "ist", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": "ist", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": "The United Methodist Church", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": " highest level is called the General Conference", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": " Bishops thus elected serve Episcopal Areas", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": "Subordinate to the General Conference are the jurisdictional and central conferences which also meet every four years", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": "ordinate to the General Conference are the jurisdictional and central conferences which also meet every four years", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "Subordinate to the General Conference are the jurisdictional and central conferences which also meet every four years", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": " Bishops thus elected serve Episcopal Areas", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": " A debate over whether the decision should or could be submitted for approval by the Southern Jurisdictional Conference", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": " A debate over whether the decision should or could be submitted for approval by the Southern Jurisdictional Conference", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": " A debate over whether the decision should or could be submitted for approval by the Southern Jurisdictional Conference", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "Decisions in-between the four-year meetings are made by the Mission Council", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "Decisions in-between the four-year meetings are made by the Mission Council", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": " interprets the Book of Discipline between sessions of General Conference", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": " Judicial Council", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": "The Judicial Council is the highest court in the denomination. It consists of nine members, both laity and clergy, elected by the General Conference", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": " Judicial Council is the highest court in the denomination. It consists of nine members, both laity and clergy, elected by the General Conference", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": " Judicial Council is the highest court in the denomination. It consists of nine members, both laity and clergy, elected by the General Conference", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": " UMC", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": " Communion and the Roman Catholic Church or a synod in some Lutheran denominations such as the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": "The Annual Conference", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "The Book of Discipline", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "The Book of Discipline", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "The Book of Discipline", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": "The Book of Discipline", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "The Book of Discipline", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": " Southern Methodist University. Most are members of the International Association of Methodist-related Schools, Colleges, and Universities", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": " Southern Methodist University. Most are members of the International Association of Methodist-related Schools", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": " Southern Methodist University. Most are members of the International Association of Methodist-related Schools", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": "The first Methodist clergy were ordained", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": "The first Methodist clergy were ordained", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": "The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": "The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England, because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": " appointments", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": "All clergy appointments are made and fixed annually by the resident bishop on the advice of the Annual Conference Cabinet", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "All clergy appointments", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "Elders are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": "Elders are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": " Word, Sacrament, Order and Service", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": " Elders may also be assigned as District Superintendents", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "Deacons are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "Deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "Deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "Deacons are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": " deacon was abolished", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": " a normal expectation, rather than an extraordinary provision", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "At the 1996 General Conference the ordination order of transitional deacon was abolished", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": " Pastors are called by God, affirmed by the church, and appointed by a bishop", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": "Local Pastors", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": " Pastors are called by God, affirmed by the church, and appointed by a bishop", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "Local Pastors", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "The United Methodist Church", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": "The United Methodist Church", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "The United Methodist Church", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": " UMC. The Book of Discipline", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "MC", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "MC", "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "MC. The Book of Discipline", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": "Another position in the United Methodist Church is that of the lay servant. Although not considered clergy", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": "Another position in the United Methodist Church is that of the lay servant", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": "Another position in the United Methodist Church is that of the lay servant. Although not considered clergy", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": " Local Pastor, Associate Member or deacon is unavailable. There are two categories of lay servants: local church lay servant", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "The United Methodist Church", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": "The United Methodist Church", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": "The United Methodist Church", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": " A Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed in 2000", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "The United Methodist Church", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "The United Methodist Church", "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": " over 34,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": " over 34,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": " over 34,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": " over 34,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": " over 34,000 congregations", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": " UMC membership was estimated at 11.4", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": " at 11.4", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": " 11.4", "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": "The UMC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": "The UMC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": "The UMC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "The French and Indian War (1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "The French and Indian War", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "The French and Indian War (1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "The French and Indian War", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "The war was fought", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "The war was fought", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "The war was fought", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": " 1755, six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": " July 9", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": " July 9", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": " July 9", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": " July 9", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": " 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": " 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": " 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": " 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": " 1740s, British colonists named the second war in King George's reign after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": " 1740s, British colonists named the second war in King George's reign after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": " 1740s, British colonists named the second war in King George's reign after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": " 1740s, British colonists named the second war in King George's reign after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "The French population numbered about 75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "The French population numbered about 75", "5733d5704776f41900661310": "The French population numbered about 75,000", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": " 1713, still had a significant French-speaking population", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": " 1713, still had a significant French-speaking population", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": " 1713, still had a significant French-speaking population. Britain", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": " Confederation", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": " Confederation", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "'kmaq and the Abenaki were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": " Confederation", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": " 1758", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": " 1758", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": " 1758", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": " no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": " companies", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": " local militia companies", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": " 1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": " 1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": " 1749", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": " 17", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": " 1749", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": " 1749", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": " 1749", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": " extensively detailed report, C\u00e9lor", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "lor", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": " were making their way to London and Paris", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": " 1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": " 1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": " 1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": " 1748", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": " 1752", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": " 1752", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": " 1752", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": " 1752", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "\u00e9loron had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": " 17", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": " 17", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": " 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": " 17", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": " 17", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "Governor Robert Dinwiddie", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f1784776f41900661575": " 17", "5733f1784776f41900661576": " 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne", "5733f1784776f41900661577": " 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": " May 28", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": " May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": " May 28", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": " England", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": " England", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": " England", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": " 1755", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": " political response to the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": " 1754", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": " political response to the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": " 1754", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": " 17", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "Braddock", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Braddock (", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's, which was noticed by New France's governor, the Marquis de Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": " 1759", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's, which was noticed by New France's governor, the Marquis de Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": " 1759", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": " 1759", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": " 1755", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": " 1755", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Colonel Monckton", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": " 1755, he laid out his plans for 17", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": " Braddock", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": " 17", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": " 1755, he laid out his plans for 17", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Newcastle replaced him in January 17", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": " 1756", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": " 1756", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Governor Vaudreuil", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "Governor Vaudreuil", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "Governor Vaudreuil", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "Governor Vaudreuil", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "The new British command was not in place until July. When he arrived in Albany", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "The new British command was not in place until July. When he arrived in Albany", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "The new British command was not in place until July. When he arrived in Albany", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "The new British command was not in place", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": " 17", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": " capable administrator but a cautious field commander, planned one major operation for 1757", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "oudoun, a capable administrator but a cautious field commander, planned one major operation for 1757", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": " 1757", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": " irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": " 1757", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": " 1757", "57340111d058e614000b677d": " 1758, as the British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping. The situation in New France was further exacerbated by a poor harvest in 1757", "57340111d058e614000b677e": " 1758, as the British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping. The situation in New France was further exacerbated by a poor harvest in 1757", "57340111d058e614000b677f": " 1758, as the British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping. The situation in New France was further exacerbated by a poor harvest in 1757", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "The British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the European theater, led to the fall from power", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "The British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the European theater, led to the fall from power", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "The British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the European theater, led to the fall from power", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": " 1757", "573403394776f419006616dd": "The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon", "573403394776f419006616de": "The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon", "573403394776f419006616df": "The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon", "573403394776f419006616e0": "The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": " French results", "57340549d058e614000b67de": " 1758, France's new foreign minister, the duc de Choiseul, decided to focus on an invasion of Britain", "57340549d058e614000b67df": " The invasion failed both militarily and politically", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": " 1760", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": " 1760", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": " 1759", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": " 1760", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": " Amherst granted Vaudreuil's request", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": " 17", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": " 17", "573408ef4776f41900661757": " 10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": " Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "The war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "The war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763", "57340a094776f4190066177d": " 1755", "57340a094776f4190066177e": " 1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": " 1755", "57340a094776f41900661780": " 1755", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": " 1763", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": " 1763", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": " 1763 on October 7", "57340d124776f419006617c3": " 1769", "57340d124776f419006617c0": " 1769", "57340d124776f419006617c1": " 1769", "57340d124776f419006617c2": " 1769", "57340d124776f419006617bf": " 1769", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": " Sir Isaac Newton", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": " misunderstandings about motion and force were eventually corrected by Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "ophers in antiquity used the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": " By the early 20th century, Einstein developed a theory of relativity", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": " Sir Isaac Newton", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": " gauge bosons are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": " particle physics has devised a Standard Model", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": " four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2\u201310:79", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": " four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2\u201310:79", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": " four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2\u201310:79", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": " a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": " a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": " a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton's First Law of Motion", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "Newton's First Law of Motion", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton's First Law of Motion", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "Newton's First Law of Motion", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "Newton's First Law of Motion", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": " ball straight up", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": " ball straight up", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": " ball straight up", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": " ball straight up", "573749741c4567190057445d": "The concept of inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "The concept of inertia", "573749741c4567190057445f": "The concept of inertia", "573749741c45671900574460": "The concept of inertia", "573749741c45671900574461": "The concept of inertia", "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c45671900574468": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c45671900574469": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c4567190057446b": " measurements", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "Newton's Third Law", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": " no internal forces that are unbalanced", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "19", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": " no internal forces that are unbalanced", "573766251c45671900574471": " direct observations and compared to a standard measurement scale", "573766251c45671900574472": " direct observations and compared to a standard measurement scale", "573766251c45671900574473": " direct observations and compared to a standard measurement scale", "573766251c45671900574474": " direct observations and compared to a standard measurement scale", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": " particular direction", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "vector", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": " particular direction", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": " particular direction and have sizes dependent upon how strong the push or pull is. Because of these characteristics, forces are classified as \"vector quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": " particular direction and have sizes dependent upon how strong the push or pull is. Because of these characteristics, forces are classified as \"vector quantities", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": " quantitatively investigated in conditions of static equilibrium where several forces canceled each other out. Such experiments demonstrate the crucial properties that forces are additive", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": " quantitatively investigated in conditions of static equilibrium where several forces canceled each other out. Such experiments demonstrate the crucial properties that forces are additive", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": " quantitatively investigated in conditions of static equilibrium where several forces canceled each other out. Such experiments demonstrate the crucial properties that forces are additive", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": " quantitatively investigated in conditions of static equilibrium where several forces canceled each other out. Such experiments demonstrate the crucial properties that forces are additive", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": " quantitatively investigated in conditions of static equilibrium where several forces canceled each other out. Such experiments demonstrate the crucial properties that forces are additive", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": " vector addition yields the original force. Resolving force vectors into components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": " vector addition yields the original force. Resolving force vectors into components of a set of basis vectors", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": " A horizontal force pointing northeast", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": " angles", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": " vector addition yields the original force. Resolving force vectors into components of a set of basis vectors", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": " move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": " a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "Pushing against an object", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "ushing against an object", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "A static equilibrium between two forces is the most usual way of measuring forces, using simple devices such as weighing scales", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": " static equilibrium between two forces", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": " static", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "A static", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "A static equilibrium between two forces", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": ". Galileo realized that simple velocity addition demands that the concept of an \"absolute rest frame\" did not exist.", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "Dynamic equilibrium was first described by Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Dynamic equilibrium", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": " Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "Dynamic equilibrium was first described by Galileo", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": " dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "The notion \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "The notion \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "The notion \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "The notion \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "The notion \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": " fermions there is a strictly negative correlation between spatial and spin variables", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": " fermions there is a strictly negative correlation between spatial and spin variables", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": " bosons", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": " fermions there is a strictly negative correlation between spatial and spin variables", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": " fermions there is a strictly negative correlation between spatial and spin variables", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": " particle physics, forces and the acceleration of particles are explained as a mathematical by-product of exchange of momentum-carrying gauge bosons", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": " gauge bosons. With the development of quantum field theory and general relativity, it was realized that force is a redundant concept", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": " particle physics, forces and the acceleration of particles are explained as a mathematical by-product of exchange of momentum-carrying gauge bosons", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": " gauge bosons", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": " gauge bosons", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": " four", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas", "573784fa1c45671900574483": " Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574484": " Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574485": ".", "573784fa1c45671900574486": ".", "573784fa1c45671900574487": ".", "573786b51c4567190057448d": " a formula that relates the mass () and the radius () of the Earth", "573786b51c4567190057448e": " a formula that relates the mass () and the radius () of the Earth", "573786b51c4567190057448f": " a formula that relates the mass () and the radius () of the Earth", "573786b51c45671900574490": "Newton", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": " 1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": " 1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": " 1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": " 1798 was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance; this was widely reported in the press", "5737898f1c45671900574495": " the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity had been shown to be less correct", "5737898f1c45671900574496": " the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity had been shown to be less correct", "5737898f1c45671900574497": " the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity had been shown to be less correct", "5737898f1c45671900574498": " the orbit of the planet Mercury", "5737898f1c45671900574499": " the orbit of the planet Mercury", "57378b141c4567190057449f": " a force", "57378b141c456719005744a0": " a force, but rather, objects moving freely in gravitational fields travel under their own inertia in straight lines through curved space", "57378b141c456719005744a1": " a force, but rather, objects moving freely in gravitational fields travel under their own inertia in straight lines through curved space", "57378b141c456719005744a2": " a force, but rather, objects moving freely in gravitational fields travel under their own inertia in straight lines through curved space", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": " vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": " vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": " vector multiplication", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": " vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", "57378e311c456719005744af": "The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864", "57378e311c456719005744b0": " 1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": " 1864", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "The origin of electric and magnetic fields", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "The origin of electric and magnetic fields", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": " new theory of electromagnetism was developed", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": " photoelectric effect", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": " two observations, the photoelectric effect", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": " two observations, the photoelectric effect", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": " two observations", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": " fermions", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": " rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": ".[", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": ".[", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": " fermions", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": " rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": ".[", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": ".[", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons. Its most familiar effect is beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": " beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei)", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "The weak force is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons. Its most familiar effect is beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": " beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "The weak force is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons. Its most familiar effect is beta decay", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "Tension forces can be modeled using ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "Tension", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": " ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "Tension", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "Tension forces can be modeled using ideal strings", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": " to describe how forces affect idealized point particles", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "tensor is being calculated", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": " formalism", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "tensor is being calculated", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "tensor is being calculated. This formalism", "5737a4511c456719005744df": " torque. Likewise, Newton's Second Law of Motion can be used to derive an analogous equation", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "Torque", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Torque", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": " accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": " accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": " accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": " accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": " accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": " conservative force that acts on a closed system", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": " conservative force that acts on a closed system", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": " conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": " conservative force that acts on a closed system", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": " conservative force that acts on a closed system", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": " forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": " macroscopic statistical average of microstates", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": " forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": " detailed description, all these forces are the results of conservative ones", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram" }