diff --git "a/eval_predictions.json" "b/eval_predictions.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/eval_predictions.json" @@ -0,0 +1,10572 @@ +{ + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": " February 7", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": "\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", + "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": " February 7", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56d600e31c85041400946eae": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": " February 7", + "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": " football game to determine the champion of the National Football League", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": " Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": "\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d601e41c85041400946ece": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": " commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": " commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": " broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S., and charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": " Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", + "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", + "56d602631c85041400946ed8": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56d602631c85041400946eda": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d602631c85041400946edb": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", + "56d602631c85041400946edc": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", + "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": " Roger Goodell", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": " Super Bowl \"", + "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": " Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", + "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": " Goodell", + "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": " Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", + "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": " Roger Goodell", + "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": " Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", + "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": " Roger Goodell", + "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "In early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": " Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"", + "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": " Super Bowl \"", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans", + "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": " 49ers", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": " 49ers", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": "The league announced on October 16, 2012", + "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": " 49ers", + "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": " 49ers", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": " 49ers", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": " 49ers", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": " 49ers", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": " 49ers", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": "The league announced on October 16, 2012", + "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": " 49ers", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": " May 21", + "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56be5523acb8001400a50330": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": " May 21, 2013", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's", + "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": " May 21, 2013", + "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": " May 21, 2013", + "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": " May 21, 2013", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": " May 21, 2013", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985", + "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": " May 21, 2013", + "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": " Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": " loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15\u2013", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": " a 15\u2013", + "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": " loss, and one of only six teams to have acquired a 15\u2013", + "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": " Super Bowl 50", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": " schedule in 1978", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": " the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": " the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": " schedule in 1978", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams", + "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": " a 16-game schedule in 1978", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": " Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns (", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": " Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns", + "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns", + "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": "837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": "The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "The Panthers defense", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": "The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": "The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": "The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": " Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", + "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": " four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler", + "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": " the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": " In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": " a career-low 67.9 passer rating", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": "low 67.9 passer rating", + "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": "low 67.9 passer rating", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "low 67.9 passer rating", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": " In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": " In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": "low 67.9 passer rating", + "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": " In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": " In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": " In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": " In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": " In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": " 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": " 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six interceptions for a rating of 86.4", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": " 67.9 passer rating", + "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "low 67.9 passer rating", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history, and fourth in points allowed", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history, and fourth in points allowed", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history", + "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": " Broncos' defense", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": " Broncos' defense", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": " Broncos' defense", + "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": " Broncos' defense", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history, and fourth in points allowed", + "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history, and fourth in points allowed", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history", + "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530) for the first time in franchise history", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round, running up a 31\u20130 halftime lead and then holding off a furious second half comeback attempt", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": " 49\u201315", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": " 49\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": " 49\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", + "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": " 49\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": " 49\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": " 49\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", + "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": "\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", + "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", + "56d701280d65d214001982ba": " 49\u201315", + "56d701280d65d214001982bc": " 49\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": " 49\u201315", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": " 49\u201315", + "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": " 49\u201315, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock", + "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": " 20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": " His prediction turned out to be accurate", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": " Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "eyton Manning", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "eyton Manning", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": " Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", + "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": " Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "eyton Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "eyton Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "eyton Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "eyton Manning", + "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": " Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", + "56d704430d65d214001982de": " Super Bowl at age 39", + "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "eyton Manning", + "56d704430d65d214001982e1": " Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", + "56d704430d65d214001982e2": " Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": "eyton Manning", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": " Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", + "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "eyton Manning", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": " Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams who was the #1 pick in their draft classes. Manning", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": " Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams who was the #1 pick in their draft classes. Manning", + "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": " #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": " Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": " Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": " Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": " Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", + "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": " Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": " Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", + "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": " Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": " Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", + "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": " Super Bowl in which both head coaches played in the game themselves", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": " collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": " collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": " collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "odded multiple times", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": " collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": " collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": " collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": " 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": " Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's last game as Denver QB", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": "\u201319", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": "\u201319", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": "\u201319", + "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": " Elway's last game as Denver QB", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": " Elway's last game as Denver QB", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": "\u201319", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": " Elway's last game as Denver QB", + "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": " Elway's last game as Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34\u201319", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": " Elway's last game as Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34\u201319", + "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": "\u201319", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": "\u201319", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": " Elway's last game as Denver QB", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": " Elway's last game as Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34\u201319", + "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": " Elway's last game as Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34\u201319", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56d70d240d65d21400198326": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56d70d240d65d21400198327": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", + "56d70d240d65d21400198328": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56d70d240d65d21400198329": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": " Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": " June 4", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": " June 4", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": " the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V, would be temporarily suspended", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": " June 4", + "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": " June 4", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": " June 4", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": " June 4", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": " June 4", + "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": " June 4", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": " June 4", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": " numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V, would be temporarily suspended", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": " June 4", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": " June 4", + "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": " June 4", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": " June 4", + "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": " June 4", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "Various gold-themed promotions", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": " gold-themed promotions and initiatives", + "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": " gold-themed promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the \"Golden Super Bowl\"; gold-tinted logos were implemented", + "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": "inted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties", + "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "inted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": " gold-themed promotions and initiatives", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "Various gold-themed promotions", + "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": "inted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties", + "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "inted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": " January 30", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": " January 30", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", + "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": " January 30", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": " January 30", + "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": " January 30", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": " January 30", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": " January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza", + "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": " January 30", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": " January 30", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": " January 30", + "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": " January 30", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": " $", + "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": " February 1, 2016", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": "The game's media day, which was typically held on the Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", + "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": " Host Committee", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56d71d150d65d21400198370": " Host Committee", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", + "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": " (", + "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", + "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", + "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": " broadcast television partners of the NFL", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": " broadcast television partners of the NFL", + "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": " broadcast television partners of the NFL", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": " broadcast television partners of the NFL", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": " broadcast television partners of the NFL", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": " broadcast television partners of the NFL", + "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": " broadcast television partners of the NFL", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": " broadcast television partners of the NFL", + "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": " December 28", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": "-language broadcast of the Super Bowl. Unlike NBC and Fox", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "-language broadcast of the Super Bowl. Unlike NBC and Fox, CBS does not have a Spanish-language outlet", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": " December 28", + "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": " December 28", + "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": " December 28", + "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": " December 28", + "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": "-language broadcast of the Super Bowl. Unlike NBC and Fox, CBS does not have a Spanish-language outlet", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": " December 28, 2015, ESPN Deportes announced that they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": "-language broadcast of the Super Bowl. Unlike NBC and Fox, CBS does not have a Spanish-language outlet", + "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": " December 28", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": " digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One and other digital media players", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": ".com", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": ".com", + "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": ".com", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", + "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": " digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One and other digital media players", + "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", + "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", + "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198396": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198397": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56d720c70d65d21400198398": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": " $5,000,000", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": " advertisement at $5,000,000", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": " $5,000,000", + "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": " $5,000,000, a record high price for a Super Bowl ad. As of January 26, the advertisements had not yet sold out", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": " $5,000,000", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": " $5,000,000, a record high price for a Super Bowl ad. As of January 26, the advertisements had not yet sold out", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": " $5,000,000, a record high price for a Super Bowl ad. As of January 26, the advertisements had not yet sold out", + "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": " $5,000,000", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": " $5,000,000", + "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": " $5,000,000", + "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": " $5,000,000", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "CBS set the base rate for a 30-second advertisement at $5,000,000", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": " advertisement at $5,000,000", + "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": " $5,000,000", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": " contest", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": " contest", + "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": "Books sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge", + "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": "Books sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": "Books sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56d722330d65d214001983a6": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56d722330d65d214001983a7": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56d722330d65d214001983a8": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "Books sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest", + "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "Books sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": " Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": " Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": " Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures", + "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": " Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", + "56d723560d65d214001983ac": " Fox, Lionsgate", + "56d723560d65d214001983ad": " Fox, Lionsgate", + "56d723560d65d214001983ae": " Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", + "56d723560d65d214001983af": " Fox, Lionsgate", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": " Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": " Century Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures", + "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": " Fox, Lionsgate", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": " One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer", + "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts", + "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts", + "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts", + "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver", + "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": "The flagship stations", + "56d724620d65d214001983be": " WBT are both clear-channel stations, the local broadcasts will be audible over much of the western United States after sunset (for Denver)", + "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", + "56d724620d65d214001983c0": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver", + "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", + "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": " Sports Extra will carry the contest. The BBC will carry its own British English broadcast, with Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman on commentary", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": " Live", + "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": " broadcast, with Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman on commentary", + "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": " contest", + "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": " Sports Extra will carry the contest. The BBC will carry its own British English broadcast, with Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman on commentary", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": " Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": " Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": " Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": " Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "MVP of Super Bowl XII", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": " Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": " 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": " Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": " Super Bowl, the pregame ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": " Super Bowl XII", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": " Super Bowl Most Valuable Players", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six-", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six-", + "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": " January 7", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": " January 7", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": " December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": " January 7", + "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": " December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d725790d65d214001983d8": " December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d725790d65d214001983da": " December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d725790d65d214001983db": " January 7", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": " December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": " January 7", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": " January 7", + "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": " December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56d728a10d65d21400198414": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", + "56d728a10d65d21400198415": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", + "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": " Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels and a 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", + "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning completing an 18-yard pass to tight end Owen Daniels", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": " Carey", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", + "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", + "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", + "56d728e00d65d21400198420": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", + "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": " McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u2013", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": " McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u2013", + "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": " McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u2013", + "56d729180d65d21400198426": " a punt from both teams", + "56d729180d65d21400198427": " McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u2013", + "56d729180d65d21400198428": " McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u2013", + "56d729180d65d21400198429": " McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u2013", + "56d729180d65d2140019842a": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded", + "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": " McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u2013", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": "bert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "bert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": "bert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": "bert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", + "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": "The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": " Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt. After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": "-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310. The next three drives of the game would end in punts", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", + "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": "-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310. The next three drives of the game would end in punts", + "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "aly knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line", + "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": "-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310. The next three drives of the game would end in punts", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": " Anderson was the game's leading rusher", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": " Brown caught four passes for 80 yards, while Ginn had four receptions for 74. Ealy was the top defensive performer for Carolina with four total tackles", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": " Brown caught four passes for 80 yards, while Ginn had four receptions for 74. Ealy was the top defensive performer for Carolina", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": " Brown caught four passes for 80 yards, while Ginn had four receptions for 74. Ealy was the top defensive performer for Carolina", + "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": " Anderson was the game's leading rusher", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": " Brown caught four passes for 80 yards, while Ginn had four receptions for 74. Ealy was the top defensive performer for Carolina with four total tackles", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": " Brown caught four passes for 80 yards, while Ginn had four receptions for 74. Ealy was the top defensive performer for Carolina with four total tackles", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": " Brown caught four passes for 80 yards, while Ginn had four receptions for 74. Ealy was the top defensive performer for Carolina", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": " Brown caught four passes for 80 yards, while Ginn had four receptions for 74. Ealy was the top defensive performer for Carolina", + "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": " Sanders", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": " Sanders", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": " for 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": " zero touchdowns", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": " 141 yards with one interception and zero touchdowns", + "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": " Anderson was the game's leading rusher", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", + "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", + "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", + "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", + "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", + "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": " 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": " Super Bowl winning team", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": " Super Bowl winning team", + "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": " 1745", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": " 1745", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": " 1745", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": " 1745", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": " 1745", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "The Saxon Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": " Saxon Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "The Saxon Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "The Saxon Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a40": " Saxon Garden", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": " 13 natural reserves in Warsaw", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "914 inhabitants 833,500 were of Polish mother tongue. World War II", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": " foreign-born inhabitants", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": " the most diverse city in Poland, with significant numbers of foreign-born inhabitants", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": " foreign-born inhabitants", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": " foreign-born inhabitants", + "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "The University of Warsaw", + "57339555d058e614000b5df5": " 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Krak\u00f3w. Warsaw University of Technology", + "57339555d058e614000b5df6": " 1816", + "57339555d058e614000b5df3": " 1816", + "57339555d058e614000b5df7": " 1816", + "57339902d058e614000b5e70": " 1816", + "57339902d058e614000b5e71": " 1816", + "57339902d058e614000b5e72": " 1816", + "57339902d058e614000b5e73": " 1816", + "57339902d058e614000b5e74": " 1816", + "573399b54776f41900660e64": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", + "573399b54776f41900660e65": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", + "573399b54776f41900660e66": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", + "573399b54776f41900660e67": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", + "57339a554776f41900660e74": ". The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute", + "57339a554776f41900660e75": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", + "57339a554776f41900660e76": "-Curie Institute of Oncology it is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe", + "57339a554776f41900660e77": " the Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology it is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe", + "57339a554776f41900660e78": ". The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute", + "57339ad74776f41900660e86": " musical venues, including the Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera", + "57339ad74776f41900660e87": " musical venues, including the Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera, the Chamber Opera, the National Philharmonic Hall", + "57339ad74776f41900660e88": " National Philharmonic Hall and the National Theatre, as well as the Roma and Buffo music theatres and the Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture", + "57339ad74776f41900660e89": " theatres and the Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture", + "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": " National Philharmonic Hall and the National Theatre, as well as the Roma and Buffo music theatres and the Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "1922", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": " Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": " Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": " from 1870 to 1939", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": " Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": " Vistula on Midsummer\u2019", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": " Vistula on Midsummer\u2019", + "57339dd94776f41900660ece": " Vistula on Midsummer\u2019", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "idsummer\u2019", + "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": " Vistula on Midsummer\u2019", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "As interesting examples of expositions the most notable are: the world's first Museum of Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": " Posters", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "ers", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "As interesting examples of expositions the most notable are: the world's first Museum of Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "As interesting examples of expositions the most notable are: the world's first Museum of Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland can be found in the Warsaw Uprising Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": " National Gallery", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": " 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": " National Gallery", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": " 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": " National Gallery", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Their local rivals, Polonia Warsaw", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": " local rivals, Polonia Warsaw, have significantly fewer supporters, yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "Their local rivals, Polonia Warsaw, have significantly fewer supporters, yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "straklasa Championship in 2000", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "Their local rivals, Polonia Warsaw, have significantly fewer supporters, yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": " 1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": " 1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": " 1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": " 1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "The mermaid", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": " Nathan Alterman, the Israeli poet, was born in Warsaw, as was Moshe Vilenski", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": " Lempick", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Tamara de Lempicka", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Tamara de Lempicka", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Tamara de Lempick", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": " 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": " 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": " liveable cities in Central Europe", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": " Unit ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world. It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe", + "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": " Economist Intelligence Unit", + "5733140a4776f419006606e0": " 1795, Warsaw was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia", + "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313", + "5733140a4776f419006606e2": " 1795, Warsaw was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia", + "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313", + "5733140a4776f419006606e4": " 1795, Warsaw was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdiocese (left bank of the Vistula)", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdiocese", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": " Vistula) and diocese (right bank), and possesses various universities, most notably the Polish Academy of Sciences", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": " Vistula) and diocese (right bank), and possesses various universities, most notably the Polish Academy of Sciences", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": " Vistula) and diocese (right bank), and possesses various universities, most notably the Polish Academy of Sciences", + "57332442d058e614000b5720": " Warszawa", + "57332442d058e614000b5721": " Polish language is Warszawa", + "57332442d058e614000b5722": " Polish language is Warszawa", + "57332442d058e614000b5723": " Polish language is Warszawa", + "57332442d058e614000b5724": " Polish language is Warszawa", + "57332562d058e614000b5730": "The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Br\u00f3dno (9th/10th century)", + "57332562d058e614000b5731": "The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Br\u00f3dno (9th/10th century)", + "57332562d058e614000b5732": "The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Br\u00f3dno (9th/10th century)", + "57332562d058e614000b5733": "The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Br\u00f3dno (9th/10th century)", + "57332562d058e614000b5734": " 1413", + "5733266d4776f41900660712": " 1596", + "5733266d4776f41900660713": " 1596", + "5733266d4776f41900660714": " 1596", + "5733266d4776f41900660715": " 1596", + "5733266d4776f41900660716": " 1596", + "57332a734776f41900660726": " 1796", + "57332a734776f41900660727": " 1796", + "57332a734776f41900660728": " 1796", + "57332a734776f41900660729": " 1796", + "57332a734776f4190066072a": " 1796", + "57332b66d058e614000b5758": " 11 November and set up what became the Second Polish Republic", + "57332b66d058e614000b5759": " Pi\u0142sudski returned to Warsaw on 11 November and set up what became the Second Polish Republic", + "57332b66d058e614000b575a": " Article 12 that Germany withdraw from areas controlled by Russia in 1914", + "57332b66d058e614000b575b": " 4 August 1915 until November 1918", + "57332b66d058e614000b575c": " 4 August 1915 until November 1918", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": " 1 September 1939 began the Second World War", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": " 1 September 1939 began the Second World War", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": " 1 September 1939 began the Second World War", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": " 1 September 1939 began the Second World War", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": " 1 September 1939 began the Second World War", + "57332e48d058e614000b5762": " armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours, was partially successful", + "57332e48d058e614000b5763": " July 1944, the Red Army was deep into Polish territory and pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw", + "57332e48d058e614000b5764": " armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours, was partially successful", + "57332e48d058e614000b5765": " armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours, was partially successful", + "57332e48d058e614000b5766": " armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours, was partially successful", + "57332f81d058e614000b5776": " World War II, under a Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets", + "57332f81d058e614000b5777": " Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets", + "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "oc city", + "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "oc city", + "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "oc city", + "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", + "573330444776f41900660759": " the budding solidarity movement and encouraged the growing anti-communist fervor there", + "573330444776f4190066075a": " anti-communist fervor there", + "573330444776f4190066075b": "ist fervor there", + "573330444776f4190066075c": " II's visits to his native country in 1979 and 1983 brought support to the budding solidarity movement and encouraged the growing anti-communist fervor there", + "5733314e4776f4190066076a": " (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany", + "5733314e4776f4190066076b": " (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany", + "5733314e4776f4190066076c": " (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany", + "5733314e4776f4190066076d": " (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany", + "5733314e4776f4190066076e": " (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany", + "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": " (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": " (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": " (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": " (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": " (65.6 to 82.0 ft) high in the Old Town and Central district", + "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "The plain moraine plateau", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": " moraine plateau", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "The plain moraine plateau", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "The plain moraine plateau", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": " moraine plateau", + "57335fcad058e614000b5970": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", + "57335fcad058e614000b5971": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", + "57335fcad058e614000b5972": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", + "57335fcad058e614000b5973": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", + "57335fcad058e614000b5974": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", + "573361404776f4190066093c": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644", + "573361404776f4190066093d": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644", + "573361404776f4190066093e": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644", + "573361404776f4190066093f": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644", + "573361404776f41900660940": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644", + "573362b94776f41900660974": " 1775", + "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688", + "573362b94776f41900660976": " 1775", + "573362b94776f41900660977": " 1775", + "573362b94776f41900660978": " 1775", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "1899", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "1899", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "1899", + "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": " bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities after the war", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "1899", + "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "ak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom", + "5733647e4776f419006609af": " Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom", + "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "ak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom", + "5733647e4776f419006609b1": " commemorating the heroic history of Warsaw. Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory", + "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "ak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom", + "573368044776f41900660a29": " green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library garden", + "573368044776f41900660a2a": " green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library", + "573368044776f41900660a2b": " green spaces in the city", + "573368044776f41900660a2c": " green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library", + "573368044776f41900660a2d": " green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library", + "573368e54776f41900660a53": "The flora of the city", + "573368e54776f41900660a54": "The flora", + "573368e54776f41900660a55": "The flora of the city", + "573368e54776f41900660a56": "The flora", + "573368e54776f41900660a57": " Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "1951)", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "1951)", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951)", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": ". 6%, so shortly the city started to suffer from the lack of flats and of areas for new houses", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "1951)", + "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", + "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", + "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune", + "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune", + "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "The basic unit of territorial division in Poland", + "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "The mayor of Warsaw is called President. Generally, in Poland, the mayors of bigger cities are called presidents", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "The mayor", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "The mayor of Warsaw", + "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "The mayor of Warsaw", + "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "1695\u20131696", + "573382d24776f41900660c37": " financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002", + "573382d24776f41900660c38": " financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro. Warsaw produces 12% of Poland's national income", + "573382d24776f41900660c39": " financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002", + "573382d24776f41900660c3a": " financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro. Warsaw produces 12% of Poland's national income", + "573382d24776f41900660c3b": " financial participation in the city's development was estimated in 2002 at over 650 million euro. Warsaw produces 12% of Poland's national income", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": " 1817", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": " 1817 and continued trading until World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": " 1817 and continued trading until World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": " 1817 and continued trading until World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": " 1817 and continued trading until World War II", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "The FSO Car Factory", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": " FSO Car Factory", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": " A number of vehicles have been assembled there", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": " Car Factory", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "SO Car Factory", + "573166ede6313a140071cef2": " at 1.740 million residents within a greater metropolitan area", + "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "Warsaw", + "573166ede6313a140071cef4": " metropolitan area of 2.666 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union", + "573166ede6313a140071cef5": " at 1.740 million residents within a greater metropolitan area", + "573166ede6313a140071cef6": " metropolitan area of 2.666 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union", + "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", + "5732b6b5328d981900602022": " at 1.740 million residents within a greater metropolitan area", + "5732b6b5328d981900602023": " metropolitan area of 2.666 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union", + "5732b6b5328d981900602024": " at 1.740 million residents within a greater metropolitan area", + "5732b6b5328d981900602025": " at 1.740 million residents", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "The Normans", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "The Normans", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "The Normans", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "The Normans", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "The Normans (Norman: Nourmands", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "The Norman dynasty", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "The Norman dynasty had a major political, cultural and military impact on medieval Europe and even the Near East", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "The Norman dynasty", + "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "The English name \"Normans\" comes from the French words Normans/Norman", + "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "The English name \"Normans\" comes from the French words Normans/Norman", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": " Duchy of Normandy, which began in 911", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": " fiefdom, was established by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": " Duchy of Normandy", + "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": " Rollo's arrival, its populations did not differ from Picardy or the \u00cele-de-France", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "The descendants of Rollo's Vikings and their Frankish wives would replace the Norse religion and Old Norse language with Catholicism (Christianity)", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "The descendants of Rollo's Vikings and their Frankish wives would replace the Norse religion and Old Norse language with Catholicism (Christianity)", + "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "The Normans thereafter adopted the growing feudal doctrines of the rest of France, and worked them into a functional hierarchical system in both Normandy and in England", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": " a foothold in Southern Italy", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": " Normans successfully established a foothold in Southern Italy", + "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": "istic bands of Normans successfully established a foothold in Southern Italy", + "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "The two most prominent Norman families to arrive in the Mediterranean were descendants of Tancred of Hauteville", + "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "The two most prominent Norman families to arrive in the Mediterranean were descendants of Tancred of Hauteville", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": " 1130", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": " 1130 (exactly one century after Rainulf was \"crowned\" count) by Antipope Anacletus II", + "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": " 1130", + "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": " Normans combined the administrative machinery of the Byzantines, Arabs, and Lombards with their own conceptions of feudal law and order", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": " feudal law and order to forge a unique government", + "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": " a unique government. Under this state, there was great religious freedom, and alongside the Norman nobles existed a meritocratic bureaucracy of Jews, Muslims and Christians", + "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": " 1038", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": " Norman mercenaries serving as far away as Trebizond", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": " Norman mercenaries to serve as a Byzantine general was Herv\u00e9 in the 1050s", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": " Bailleul even tried to carve out an independent state in Asia Minor", + "56de10b44396321400ee2593": " Turkish forces to aid in the destruction of the Armenians", + "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Some Normans joined Turkish forces to aid in the destruction of the Armenians", + "56de10b44396321400ee2595": " Turkish forces to aid in the destruction of the Armenians", + "56de11154396321400ee25aa": " Comnenian Restoration", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": " Byzantium. The city's garrison resisted until February 1082", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": " Byzantines out of southern Italy", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": " Byzantium. The city's garrison resisted until February 1082", + "56de15104396321400ee25b7": " Deabolis, Gllavenica (Ballsh), Kanina and Jericho. This time, the Albanians sided with the Normans", + "56de15104396321400ee25b8": " Deabolis, Gllavenica (Ballsh), Kanina and Jericho. This time, the Albanians sided with the Normans", + "56de15104396321400ee25b9": " Deabolis, Gllavenica (Ballsh), Kanina and Jericho. This time, the Albanians sided with the Normans", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "The Normans", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "The Normans", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "The Normans were in contact with England", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "The Normans were in contact with England", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": " 1041", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": " 1041", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": " 1041", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": " 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": " 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": " 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": " The invading Normans and their descendants replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class of England", + "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Norman language became distinct from the Latin language, something that was the subject of some humour by Geoffrey Chaucer", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "The Normans had a profound effect on Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay in 1169", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "The Normans had a profound effect on Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay in 1169", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": " 1169", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": " 1072", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": " 1072", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": " 1072", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": " 1072", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Normans came into Scotland, building castles and founding noble families", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": " a considerable number of the Scottish clans. King David I of Scotland", + "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "essor", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": " Norman Conquest of England, the Normans had come into contact with Wales. Edward the Confessor", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "essor", + "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": " a long period of slow conquest during which almost all of Wales was at some point subject to Norman interference", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "The legendary religious zeal of the Normans was exercised in religious wars long before the First Crusade carved out a Norman principality in Antioch", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "The legendary religious zeal of the Normans", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": " 1097", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": " de facto leader of the Crusade during its passage through Asia Minor", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": " de facto leader of the Crusade during its passage through Asia Minor", + "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "The conquest of Cyprus by the Anglo-Norman forces of the Third Crusade", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": " Lion-hearted", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": " Lion-hearted", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": " Acre. But a storm dispersed the fleet", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": " Lion-hearted", + "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Various princes of the Holy Land", + "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "Various princes of the Holy Land", + "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Various princes of the Holy Land", + "56de41504396321400ee2714": " 1191", + "56de41504396321400ee2715": " Berengaria of Navarre, first-born daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre. The wedding was held on 12 May 1191", + "56de41504396321400ee2716": " Berengaria of Navarre, first-born daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre. The wedding was held on 12 May 1191", + "56de48f34396321400ee2770": " 1489 that the Venetians acquired full control of the island, which remained a Christian stronghold until the fall of Famagusta in 1571", + "56de48f34396321400ee2771": "The rapid Anglo-Norman conquest", + "56de49564396321400ee277a": " 1402 and 1405, the expedition led by the Norman noble Jean de Bethencourt", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": " 1418, Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "court took the title of King of the Canary Islands", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands", + "56de4a474396321400ee2786": " 1235 and 1245", + "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "The customary law of Normandy", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": " a unique Romanesque idiom to England and Italy", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": " a unique Romanesque idiom to England and Italy", + "56de4b074396321400ee2793": " a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture within the Kingdom of Sicily", + "56de4b074396321400ee2794": " a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture within the Kingdom of Sicily", + "56de4b074396321400ee2795": " a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture within the Kingdom of Sicily", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": " visual arts", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": " channeled a pure Carolingian artistic tradition to Normandy", + "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "The French Wars of Religion in the 16th century and French Revolution", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "estry", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": " tapestry but a work of embroidery. It was commissioned by Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": " Tapestry", + "56de51244396321400ee27ef": " metalwork, such as capitals and baptismal fonts", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "Normandy", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "Normandy was the site of several important developments in the history of classical music", + "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy", + "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy", + "56de52614396321400ee27fd": " Latin monastery at Sant'Eufemia", + "56de52614396321400ee27fe": " Normandy", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": " 10 July 1856", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": " 10 July 1856", + "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": " 10 July 1856", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": " 10 July 1856", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": " 10 July 1856", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": " 10 July 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", + "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": " 1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", + "56df9ee138dc421700152108": " 1884", + "56df9ee138dc421700152109": " 1884", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": " 1884", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": " 1884", + "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": " 1884", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": " 1884", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": " 1884", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": " 1884", + "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": " 1884", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "1893", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "1893", + "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "1893", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "1893", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "1893", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "1893", + "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "1893", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": " January 1943", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": " January 1943", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": " January 1943", + "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": " January 1943", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": " January 1943", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": " January 1943", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": " 7 January 1943", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": " January 1943", + "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": " January 1943", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": " 1856", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": " 10 July [O.S. 28", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": " 1856", + "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": " 10 July [O.S. 28", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": " [O.S. 28", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": " 10 July [O.S. 28", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": " 10 July [O.S. 28", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": " 10 July [O.S. 28", + "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": " [O.S. 28", + "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": " five children. He had an older brother named Dane", + "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "riding accident when Nikola was five", + "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "riding accident when Nikola was five", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": " five children. He had an older brother named Dane", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": "riding accident when Nikola was five", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": "Tesla was the fourth of five children. He had an older brother named Dane and three sisters, Milka, Angelina and Marica", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "riding accident when Nikola was five", + "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": " five children. He had an older brother named Dane", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": " 1873", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": " 1873", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": " 1873", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": " 1873", + "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": " 1873", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": " 1873", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": " 1873", + "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": " 1873", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": " was bedridden for nine months and was near death", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", + "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan", + "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": " draftsman for 60 florins a month. He spent his spare time playing cards with local men on the streets. In March 18", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": " 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": " draftsman for 60 florins a month. He spent his spare time playing cards with local men on the streets. In March 18", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": " 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family", + "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": " draftsman for 60 florins a month. He spent his spare time playing cards with local men on the streets. In March 18", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": " 1878", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": " 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": " 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": " draftsman for 60 florins a month. He spent his spare time playing cards with local men on the streets. In March 18", + "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": " draftsman for 60 florins a month. He spent his spare time playing cards with local men", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": " 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": " 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": " not having a residence permit", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": " not having a residence permit", + "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": " not having a residence permit", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": " not having a residence permit", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": " not having a residence permit", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": " 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", + "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": " not having a residence permit", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": " a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": " a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject", + "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": " a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": " a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": " a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": " a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject", + "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": " a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": "legraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": " 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": " 1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": " 1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy", + "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": " 1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": " 1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": " 1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy. According to Tesla", + "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": " 1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": " lighting company in Tesla's name", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", + "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": " arc light based illumination systems", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": " Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": " arc light based illumination systems", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", + "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": " Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": " Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": " Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", + "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": " Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": " Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": " Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": " Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": " Tesla Electric Company", + "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": " Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck. The two men were experienced in setting up companies and promoting inventions and patents", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", + "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", + "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": " 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": " publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": " publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system, including his induction motor", + "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": " publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": " March 1888", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": " publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": " publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system, including his induction motor", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": " publicist), arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system, including his induction motor", + "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", + "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", + "56e05900231d4119001ac051": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", + "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": " street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": " street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": " AC current system", + "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": " street cars. They ended up using a DC traction motor", + "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": " AC current system", + "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": " AC current system", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": " Westinghouse", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888", + "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": " demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": " demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": " motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888", + "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": " Exposition in Chicago", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": " Exposition in Chicago", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": " Exposition in Chicago", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": " Westinghouse won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition", + "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": " AC power, as Westinghouse demonstrated the safety, reliability, and efficiency of a fully integrated alternating current system to the American public", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": " Exposition in Chicago", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": " Exposition in Chicago", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": " Exposition in Chicago", + "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": " Westinghouse won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": " Cataract Construction Company", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": " US and European companies", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": " US and European companies", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": " US and European companies", + "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": " US and European companies", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": " Cataract Construction Company", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": " US and European companies", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": " US and European companies", + "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": " US and European companies", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": " $200,000 in licenses and royalties", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": "The mid", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": " $200,000 in licenses and royalties", + "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": "The mid 1890s saw the conglomerate General Electric, backed by financier J. P. Morgan, involved in takeover attempts and patent battles", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": " $200,000 in licenses and royalties", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": " $200,000 in licenses and royalties", + "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": "The mid 1890s saw the conglomerate General Electric, backed by financier J. P. Morgan, involved in takeover attempts and patent battles", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": " 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": " 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": " 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": "On 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": " 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": " 1892 to 1894", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": " 1892 to 1894", + "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": " 1892 to 1894", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": " 1892 to 1894", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": " 1892 to 1894", + "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": " 1892 to 1894", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": " $50,000\u2014was lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": " $50,000\u2014", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": " $50,000\u2014", + "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": " $50,000\u2014was lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": " $50,000\u2014was lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": " $50,000\u2014was lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": " $50,000\u2014was lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": " $50,000\u2014was lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": " $50,000\u2014was lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": " vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": " vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": " vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": " X-", + "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": " vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": "In March 1896, after hearing of Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": " no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", + "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": " vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": " circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": " circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", + "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": "ray-producing devices", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": "ray-producing devices", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": " circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices", + "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": "ray-producing devices", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": " Lamme had made great progress developing an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": " Westinghouse engineer Benjamin Lamme had made great progress developing an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor", + "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": " AC system as the \"Tesla Polyphase System", + "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": " magnetic field in an induction motor by demonstrating how to make a copper egg stand on end using a device he constructed known as the Egg of Columbus", + "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": "On 11 July 1934", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": " Tribune published an article on Tesla, in which he recalled an event that would occasionally take place while experimenting with his single-electrode vacuum tubes", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": " Tribune published an article on Tesla, in which he recalled an event that would occasionally take place while experimenting with his single-electrode vacuum tubes", + "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": " Tribune published an article on Tesla, in which he recalled an event that would occasionally take place while experimenting with his single-electrode vacuum tubes", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": "Tesla's theories on the possibility of the transmission by radio waves", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "Tesla's theories on the possibility of the transmission by radio waves", + "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "Tesla's theories on the possibility of the transmission by radio waves", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": " radio-controlled boat\u2014which he dubbed \"teleautomaton\"\u2014to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": " Commercial Club in Chicago, while he was travelling to Colorado Springs, on 13 May 1899", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": " Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat\u2014which he dubbed \"teleautomaton\"\u2014to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": " Commercial Club in Chicago, while he was travelling to Colorado Springs, on 13 May 1899", + "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": " Commercial Club in Chicago, while he was travelling to Colorado Springs, on 13 May 1899", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": " the beginning of years of patent battles over radio with Tesla's patents being upheld in 1903, followed by a reverse decision in favor of Marconi in 1904", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": " the beginning of years of patent battles over radio with Tesla's patents being upheld in 1903, followed by a reverse decision in favor of Marconi in 1904", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": ".\" When Guglielmo Marconi made his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission in 1901", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": " the beginning of years of patent battles over radio with Tesla's patents being upheld in 1903, followed by a reverse decision in favor of Marconi in 1904", + "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": " the beginning of years of patent battles over radio with Tesla's patents being upheld in 1903, followed by a reverse decision in favor of Marconi in 1904", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": " The 1978 book Colorado Springs Notes, 1899\u20131900", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": " 17 May 1899, Tesla moved to Colorado Springs, where he would have room for his high-voltage, high-frequency experiments", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": " 17 May 1899, Tesla moved to Colorado Springs, where he would have room for his high-voltage, high-frequency experiments", + "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": " 17 May 1899, Tesla moved to Colorado Springs", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": " atmospheric electricity", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "Tesla investigated atmospheric electricity, observing lightning signals via his receivers", + "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "Tesla investigated atmospheric electricity", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": " metal shoes. Butterflies were electrified, swirling in circles with blue halos of St. Elmo's fire around their wings", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": " Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": " Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": " Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", + "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": " Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": " The Electrical Experimenter", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": " The Electrical Experimenter", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": " The Electrical Experimenter", + "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": " The Electrical Experimenter", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": " reporter Julian Hawthorne at the Philadelphia North American on 8 December 1899", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": " reporter Julian Hawthorne at the Philadelphia North American on 8 December 1899", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": " reporter Julian Hawthorne at the Philadelphia North American on 8 December 1899", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": ". He mentioned them in a letter to reporter Julian Hawthorne at the Philadelphia North American on 8 December 1899", + "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": " December 1899", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": " $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": " $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": " $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", + "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": " $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": "On 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": "On 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": "On 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904", + "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": "On 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "The Colorado experiments had prepared Tesla for the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "The Colorado experiments had prepared Tesla for the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe", + "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": "The Colorado experiments had prepared Tesla for the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe near Shoreham", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": " Morgan to ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": " Morgan to ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter", + "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": " Morgan to ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", + "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": " 50th birthday in 1906, Tesla demonstrated his 200 horsepower (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine. During 1910\u201319", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": " bladeless turbine. During 1910\u201319", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": " (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine. During 1910\u201319", + "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "On his 50th birthday", + "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "Tesla invented a steam-powered mechanical oscillator", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": " sledge hammer", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", + "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": " dull students bright by saturating them unconsciously with electricity,\" wiring the walls of a schoolroom and, \"saturating [", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": " dull students bright by saturating them unconsciously with electricity,\" wiring the walls of a schoolroom and, \"saturating [", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": " provisionally approved by then superintendent of New York City schools, William H. Maxwell", + "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "Tesla theorized that the application of electricity to the brain enhanced intelligence", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": " $20,000 ($472,500 in today's dollars). In 1917, around the time that the Wardenclyffe Tower was demolished", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": " $20,000 ($472,500 in today's dollars). In 1917, around the time that the Wardenclyffe Tower was demolished", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": " $20,000 ($472,500 in today's dollars). In 1917, around the time that the Wardenclyffe Tower was demolished", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": " $20,000 ($472,500 in today's dollars). In 1917, around the time that the Wardenclyffe Tower was demolished", + "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": " $20,000 ($472,500 in today's dollars). In 1917, around the time that the Wardenclyffe Tower was demolished", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": " 1917 edition of the magazine Electrical Experiment", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": " August 1917 edition of the magazine Electrical Experimenter Tesla postulated that electricity could be used to locate submarines", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": " August 1917 edition of the magazine Electrical Experiment", + "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": " August 1917 edition of the magazine Electrical Experiment", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": " 6 November 1915, a Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": " Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": " Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", + "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": " Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", + "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": " $20,000 prize money.:245", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": " bids in 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": " bids in 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", + "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": " bids in 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": " $1,000", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": " $1,000.:251", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": " $1,000", + "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": " $1,000", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": " $125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": " $125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": " in 1934, the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company", + "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": " $125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": " energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance, a related new means of communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": " mineral deposits", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": " mineral deposits", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": " mineral deposits", + "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": " energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance, a related new means of communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": "In the fall of 1937, after midnight one night, Tesla left the Hotel New Yorker to make his regular commute to the cathedral and the library", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": " severely wrenched and three of his ribs were broken in the accident", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": " severely wrenched and three of his ribs were broken in the accident", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": " severely wrenched and three of his ribs were broken in the accident", + "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": " severely wrenched and three of his ribs were broken in the accident", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": " press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": " press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\" or death ray", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": " press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": " press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", + "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": " press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "In 1937, at a luncheon in his honor concerning the death ray", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "In 1937, at a luncheon in his honor concerning the death ray", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": " records indicate that the device is based on a narrow stream of small tungsten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage (", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": " records indicate that the device is based on a narrow stream of small tungsten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage (", + "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "sten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage (", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": " treatise, The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": " treatise, The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": " The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": " The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media", + "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": " The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": " His room had been entered and his papers had been scrutinized, but the thieves, or spies, left empty-handed", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": " all in his mind", + "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": ". His room had been entered and his papers had been scrutinized, but the thieves, or spies, left empty-handed", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": " Funeral Home at Madison Ave. and 81st St. A long-time friend and supporter of Tesla, Hugo Gernsback", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": " Funeral Home at Madison Ave. and 81st St. A long-time friend and supporter of Tesla, Hugo Gernsback", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": "sback", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "sback", + "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": " Funeral Home at Madison Ave. and 81st St. A long-time friend and supporter of Tesla, Hugo Gernsback", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": " Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings, even though Tesla was an American citizen", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": " Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings, even though Tesla was an American citizen", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": " Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings, even though Tesla was an American citizen", + "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": " Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings, even though Tesla was an American citizen", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": " eulogy written by Slovene-American author Louis Adamic", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": " eulogy written by Slovene-American author Louis Adamic", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": " eulogy written by Slovene-American author Louis Adamic", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": " eulogy written by Slovene-American author Louis Adamic", + "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": " eulogy written by Slovene-American author Louis Adamic", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": " gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": " gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": " gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": " gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": " gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum", + "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": " 26 countries that have been accounted for. Many of Tesla's patents were in the United States, Britain, and Canada", + "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": " 26 countries that have been accounted for. Many of Tesla's patents were in the United States, Britain, and Canada", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": " 26 countries that have been accounted for. Many of Tesla's patents were in the United States, Britain, and Canada", + "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": " 26 countries that have been accounted for. Many of Tesla's patents were in the United States, Britain, and Canada", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": " order to the headwaiter", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": " dinner order to the headwaiter", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": " dinner from exactly 8:10 p.m., at Delmonico's restaurant and later the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel", + "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": " social obligations. Tesla would then resume his work, often until 3:00 a.m.\":283, 286", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": " Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": "For exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": "For exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day", + "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": " toes one hundred times for each foot every night", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": " newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy, stating,", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": " newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane", + "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": " newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": " $2,000, including building a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal, to fix her broken wing and leg", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": " $2,000, including building a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal, to fix her broken wing and leg", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": " $2,000, including building a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal, to fix her broken wing and leg", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": " $2,000, including building a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal, to fix her broken wing and leg", + "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": " $2,000, including building a device", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": " weight variance from 1888 to about 1926", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": " weight variance from 1888 to about 1926", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": " weight variance from 1888 to about 1926", + "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": "Tesla was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": " eight languages", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": " eight languages", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": " eight languages", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": " eight languages", + "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": " eight languages", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": " billiards, chess and card-playing, sometimes spending more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.:43, 301", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": " card-playing, sometimes spending more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.:43, 301", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": " card-playing, sometimes spending more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.:43, 301", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": " card-playing, sometimes spending more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.:43, 301", + "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": " card-playing, sometimes spending more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.:43, 301", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": "; he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities.:33", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "; he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities.:33", + "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "; he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities.:33", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": " Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": " Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": " Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": " Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": " social life, many people spoke very positively and admiringly of Tesla. Robert Underwood Johnson", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": " Francis Marion Crawford", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": " Francis Marion Crawford, Robert Underwood Johnson, Stanford White, Fritz Lowenstein, George Scherff, and Kenneth Swezey", + "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": " Francis Marion Crawford, Robert Underwood Johnson, Stanford White, Fritz Lowenstein, George Scherff, and Kenneth Swezey", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": " overweight people", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": " overweight people", + "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": " overweight people", + "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": " overweight people", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": " a pre-atomic understanding of physics in his writings; he disagreed with the theory of atoms being composed of smaller subatomic particles", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": "Tesla exhibited a pre-atomic understanding of physics in his writings; he disagreed with the theory of atoms being composed of smaller subatomic particles", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": "Tesla exhibited a pre-atomic understanding of physics", + "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "Tesla exhibited a pre-atomic understanding of physics", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "Tesla was generally antagonistic towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": ".:247", + "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": ".:247 He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": " 1892", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": " 1892", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": " 1892", + "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": " 1892", + "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": " a 1937 interview", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "Tesla, like many of his era, became a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "ugenics", + "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "Tesla, like many of his era, became a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": " social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": " Tesla commented on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", + "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": " social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "20 December 1914", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "20 December 1914", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "20 December 1914", + "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "20 December 1914", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": " Orthodox Christian", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": " Orthodox Christian", + "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": " Orthodox Christian", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": " statements that he made. For example, in his article, \"A Machine to End War\", published in 1937", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": "A Machine to End War\", published in 1937", + "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": " religious views remain uncertain due to other statements that he made. For example, in his article, \"A Machine to End War\", published in 1937", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": " My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": " My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla", + "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": " My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": " The Century Magazine in 1900", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": " The Century Magazine in 1900", + "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": " The Century Magazine in 1900", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": " a recurring theme", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": " a recurring theme", + "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": " a recurring theme", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": " 75th birthday in 1931", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": ". The cover caption \"All the world's his power house\" noted his contribution to electrical power generation", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": " 70 pioneers in science and engineering, including Albert Einstein", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": " 70 pioneers in science and engineering, including Albert Einstein", + "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": ". The cover caption \"All the world's his power house\" noted his contribution to electrical power generation", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": " a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": " a computer, which is equivalent to stating that the problem may be solved by mechanical application", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": " a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": " computation", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources, whatever the algorithm used", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": " computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": " computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": " computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": " A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": " a solution for every instance. The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": " a solution for every instance. The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": " a solution for every instance. The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": " a solution for every instance. The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": " a solution for every instance. The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": " 15 largest cities?", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": " 15 largest cities?", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": " decision version of the traveling salesman", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": " bitstrings", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": " bitstrings", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": " bitstrings", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": " a problem instance is a string over an alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": " bitstrings", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems are one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": " a special type of computational problem whose answer is either yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": " a special type of computational problem whose answer is either yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": ". A decision problem is a special type of computational problem whose answer is either yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": " A decision problem is a special type of computational problem whose answer is either yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", + "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": " a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": " a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": " a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": " a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": " decision problem, that is, it isn't just yes or no. Notable examples include the traveling salesman", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": " single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": " single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": " a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": ". However, this is not really the case, since function problems can be recast as decision problems", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": ". However, this is not really the case, since function problems can be recast as decision problems", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "To measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "To measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "To measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": " theory is interested in how algorithms scale with an increase in the input size", + "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "To measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": " polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": " polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": " polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": " polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": " polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine is a mathematical model of a general computing machine. It is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": " tape", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "A Turing machine is a mathematical model of a general computing machine. It is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": " manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": " random bits. The ability to make probabilistic decisions often helps algorithms solve problems more efficiently. Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": " random bits", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": " random bits. The ability to make probabilistic decisions often helps algorithms solve problems more efficiently. Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": " random bits. The ability to make probabilistic decisions often helps algorithms solve problems more efficiently. Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": " random bits. The ability to make probabilistic decisions often helps algorithms solve problems more efficiently. Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "eterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "eterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines", + "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "eterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "tape Turing machines have been proposed in the literature", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "t", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "tape Turing machines", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "tape Turing machines have been proposed", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "eterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "eterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": " a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": " a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": " a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": " deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": " Blum complexity axioms. Other complexity measures used in complexity theory include communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": " space requirements", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": " Blum complexity axioms. Other complexity measures used in complexity theory include communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "Analogous definitions can be made for space requirements", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": " space requirements", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": " deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": " list", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "icksort", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": " a particular algorithm falls under the field of analysis of algorithms. To show an upper bound T(n) on the time complexity of a problem", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "To classify the computation", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": " a particular algorithm falls under the field of analysis of algorithms. To show an upper bound T(n) on the time complexity of a problem", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": " a particular algorithm falls under the field of analysis of algorithms. To show an upper bound T(n) on the time complexity of a problem", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": " a particular algorithm falls under the field of analysis of algorithms. To show an upper bound T(n) on the time complexity of a problem", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": " factors and smaller terms. This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model used", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": " factors and smaller terms. This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model used", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "U", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": " + 40, in big O notation one would write T(n) = O(", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": ". Thus, a typical complexity class has a definition like the following", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": " complicated definitions", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": ". Thus, a typical complexity class has a definition like the following", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "tape Turing machine, but necessarily requires quadratic time in the model of single-tape Turing machines", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "tape Turing machine, but necessarily requires quadratic time in the model of single-tape Turing machines", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": " bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f(n) often yields complexity classes that depend on the chosen machine model", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": " bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": " bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f(n) often yields complexity classes that depend on the chosen machine model", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm", + "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": " DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": " DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": ". In particular, although DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": ". In particular, although DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": " DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space hierarchy theorems form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "The time and space hierarchy theorems form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": " the basis for most separation results of complexity classes", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": " informal notion of a problem being at least as difficult as another problem", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": " informal notion of a problem being at least as difficult as another problem", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": " informal notion of a problem being at least as difficult as another problem. For instance, if a problem X", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": " complexity classes are defined using the concept of a reduction", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": " informal notion", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": " polynomial-time reduction", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": " polynomial-time reduction", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": " a complexity class. A problem X is hard for a class of problems C", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": " complexity class. A problem X is hard for a class of problems C", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": " problems C", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": " X. Thus no problem in C is harder than X", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "-time solution to \u03a0", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "-time solution to \u03a0", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "-time solution to \u03a0", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "-time solution to \u03a0", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "The complexity class P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "The complexity class P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "The complexity class P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": " algorithm. This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "The complexity class", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "The question of whether P equals NP is one of the most important open questions in theoretical computer science", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "The question of whether P equals NP is one of the most important open questions in theoretical computer science", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": " a solution. If the answer is yes, many important problems can be shown to have more efficient solutions", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": " discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": " NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": " discrete logarithm problem", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "The graph isomorphism", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "The graph isomorphism", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "(", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "The graph isomorphism problem is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic. An important unsolved problem in complexity theory", + "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "The graph isomorphism", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "The integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer. Phrased as a decision problem", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": " n-bit integer. However, the best known quantum algorithm for this problem, Shor's algorithm", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "The integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer. Phrased as a decision problem", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": " decision problem", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "NP is the class containing the complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed)", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "NP is the class containing the complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed) of NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": " NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": " complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed) of NP", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": " complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": " logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": " logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": " logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "arithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": " large but finite time), but which in practice take too long for their solutions to be useful, are known as intractable problems", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": " in practice take too long for their solutions to be useful, are known as intractable problems", + "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": " intractable problems", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": " Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": ". For example, the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": ". For example, the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": " open to debate", + "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": ". For example, the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": ". Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": ". Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": ". Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": ". Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing in 1936", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": ". Most influential among these was the definition of Turing machines by Alan Turing", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": " Juris Hartman", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": " Juris Hartmanis", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": " Juris Hartman", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": " Juris Hartmanis", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": " Juris Hartmanis", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "1961), as well as Hisao Yamada's paper on real-time computations (1962", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961), as well as Hisao Yamada's paper on real-time computations (1962", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": " bounded resources include John Myhill's definition of linear bounded automata", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": " proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems regularly assume some concrete choice of input encoding", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": " concrete choice of input encoding", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": " Blum developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": " axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": " axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": " Blum developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": " a process known as continuing professional development", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": "The role of teacher", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": " a process known as continuing professional development", + "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": "The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": " craftsmanship or vocational training", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures. Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": " craftsmanship or vocational training", + "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures. Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": " formal education can take place through home schooling", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": " home schooling", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": " schooling", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": " home schooling", + "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": " home schooling", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "igious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "igious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": " gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", + "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "igious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": " homeschooling", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "chooling", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": " homeschooling", + "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "chooling", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": " professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching. Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": " professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": " professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching", + "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": " professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": "The functions of the teacher's colleges", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": "The functions of the teacher", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": "The functions of the teacher's colleges", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "The functions of the teacher", + "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": "The functions of the teacher's colleges", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": " school or academy or perhaps in another environment such as outdoors. A teacher who teaches on an individual basis may be described as a tutor", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": " student learning, often in a school or academy or perhaps in another environment such as outdoors. A teacher who teaches on an individual basis", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": " education", + "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": " student learning", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": " a course of study and lesson plan that teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": " a course of study and lesson plan that teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": " a course of study and lesson plan that teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": " a course of study and lesson plan that teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", + "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": " a course of study and lesson plan that teaches skills, knowledge and/or thinking skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": " study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", + "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": " assesses the pedagogic diversity of his/her students", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": " assesses the pedagogic diversity of his/her students", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": " assesses the pedagogic diversity of his/her students", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": " assesses the pedagogic diversity of his/her students", + "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": " assesses the pedagogic diversity of his/her students", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": " school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": " the most significant difference between primary school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": " school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": " school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", + "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": " the most significant difference between primary school and secondary school teaching is the relationship between teachers and children", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": ". However, alternative approaches for primary education do exist. One of these, sometimes referred to as a \"platoon\" system", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": ". One of these, sometimes referred to as a \"platoon\" system", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": ". One of these, sometimes referred to as a \"platoon\" system", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": ". One of these, sometimes referred to as a \"platoon\" system", + "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": ". One of these, sometimes referred to as a \"platoon\" system", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": " institutions", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": ". Co-teaching is defined as two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": " educational institutions. Co-teaching is defined as two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": ". Co-teaching is defined as two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom", + "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": ". Co-teaching is defined as two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": " corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": " school discipline was corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": " school discipline was corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": " school discipline was corporal punishment", + "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": " school discipline was corporal punishment", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it", + "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": " school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": " paddle", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": " paddle", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": " paddle", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": " paddle", + "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": " paddle", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": " corporal punishment", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": "Official corporal punishment, often by caning, remains commonplace in schools in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries", + "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": " School corporal punishment", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": " schools in the United States", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": " a punishment essay", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": " schools in the United States, the UK, Ireland", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": " a punishment essay", + "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": " a punishment essay", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": " school discipline in North America", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": " school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of an assertive teacher", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": " school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of an assertive teacher", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": " school discipline in North America", + "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": " school discipline in North America and Western Europe", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": " confrontational style of discipline", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": " confrontational style of discipline", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": " confrontational style of discipline", + "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": ". This viewpoint is supported by the educational attainment of countries\u2014in East Asia for instance\u2014", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": ". In Japan", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": " Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": " Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries", + "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": " classroom discipline and behavior is highly problematic. Although, officially, schools have extremely rigid codes of behavior", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": " school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": " school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": " school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": " school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students", + "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": " school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": " democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": " democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": " democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": " democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", + "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": " democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": "Since teachers can affect how students perceive the course materials", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": " materials, it has been found that teachers who showed enthusiasm towards the course materials and students can affect a positive learning experience towards the course materials", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": " materials, it has been found that teachers who showed enthusiasm towards the course materials and students can affect a positive learning experience towards the course materials", + "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": "Since teachers can affect how students perceive the course materials", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": " a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": " a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": " a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": " a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom", + "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": " a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": " a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm which feed student interest and excitement", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": " a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm which feed student interest and excitement", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": " a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm which feed student interest and excitement in learning", + "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": " a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm which feed student interest and excitement in learning the subject", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "-teacher relationships", + "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": " student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "-teacher relationships. Enthusiastic teachers are particularly good at creating beneficial relations with their students", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": " student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", + "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "teacher relationships", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": " are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive and will show more interest in courses taught by these teachers", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": " are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive and will show more interest in courses taught by these teachers", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers", + "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive and will show more interest in courses taught by these teachers", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": "The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching", + "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "onduct by teachers", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "onduct by teachers", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "onduct by teachers", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": " A study by the American Association of University Women", + "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": " the media and the courts", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": " religious leaders, and case workers", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": " religious leaders, and case workers", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": " sexual abuse by any professional, a group that included priests, religious leaders, and case workers", + "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": " professional, a group that included priests, religious leaders, and case workers", + "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": " Letour", + "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": " Letourneau have caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": " National Association of Schoolmasters", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": " National Association of Schoolmasters", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": " National Association of Schoolmasters", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": " National Association of Schoolmasters", + "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": " National Association of Schoolmasters", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": ". Stress can be caused by organizational change, relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "Teachers face several occupational hazards in their line of work, including occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": ". Stress can be caused by organizational change, relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": " occupational hazards in their line of work, including occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health", + "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": " mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance. Stress can be caused by organizational change, relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": " A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": " A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "A 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": " A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers", + "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": "A 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", + "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": " university or college. Governments may require certification by a recognized body before they can teach in a school", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": " university or college. Governments may require certification by a recognized body before they can teach in a school", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": " university or college. Governments may require certification by a recognized body", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": " university or college. Governments may require certification by a recognized body before they can teach in a school", + "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": " school education certificate is earned", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": "Education in Australia", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": "Education in Australia", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": " education in Australia follows the three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools)", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": " (primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools)", + "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "Education in Australia", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": " public school which is funded by the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": " public school which is funded by the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector", + "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": " public school which is funded by the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": " civil servants recruited in special university classes, called Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": " university classes, called Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": " university classes, called Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": " civil servants recruited in special university classes, called Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", + "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": " Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": " primary teachers", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": " \u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423 for a teacher with 25 years service", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": " primary teachers", + "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": " primary teachers", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council; under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": " Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", + "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": " School teachers", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": " School teachers ranged from \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": " School teachers ranged from \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": " School teachers ranged from \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004 in September 2007", + "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": " School teachers ranged from \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": " school teachers", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": " school teachers", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": " school teachers", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": " school teachers", + "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": " school teachers", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": " General Teaching Council", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": " Scotland", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": " General Teaching Council", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": " Scotland", + "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": " General Teaching Council", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": " \u00a332,583 after 6 years teaching, but could then go on to earn up to \u00a3", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": " Probationer", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": " Probationer, up to \u00a332,583 after 6 years teaching, but could then go on to earn up to \u00a3", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": " Probationer", + "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": " Principal Teacher", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": " adult education; lessons in the language itself", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "Education in Wales differs in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "Education in Wales", + "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "Education in Wales differs in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom", + "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "Education in Wales", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": " A growing cause of concern are that attacks on teachers in Welsh schools which reached an all-time high between 2005", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": " A growing cause of concern are that attacks on teachers in Welsh schools which reached an all-time high between 2005", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": " A growing cause of concern are that attacks on teachers in Welsh schools which reached an all-time high between 2005", + "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": " NASUWT and reports in recent years suggest that the average age of teachers in Wales is falling", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": " public schools", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": " public schools", + "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": " Public school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree", + "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": " public schools", + "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": " public schools", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": ". However, average teacher salaries have improved rapidly in recent years", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": ". However, average teacher salaries have improved rapidly in recent years", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": ". However, average teacher salaries have improved rapidly in recent years", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": ". However, average teacher salaries have improved rapidly in recent years", + "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": ". However, average teacher salaries have improved rapidly in recent years", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": " (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": " (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": " (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", + "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": " (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS", + "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": " The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": " a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": " a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": " Hinduism the spiritual teacher is known as a guru", + "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": " Hinduism the spiritual teacher is known as a guru", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": " Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": " Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": " Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": " Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama", + "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": " Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": "isprudence", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": " verdicts upon matters of Islamic law in accordance with the teaching of one of the Four Schools of Jurisprudence", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "isprudence", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": "isprudence", + "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": "isprudence", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": " 10 November 1483", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": " 10 November 1483", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": "Martin Luther", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "Martin Luther", + "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": " 1517", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": "uther taught that salvation and subsequently eternal life is not earned by good deeds but is received only as a free gift of God", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope", + "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "His translation of the Bible", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", + "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": " 10 November 1483", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": "Martin Luther", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": " 1483", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": " 10 November 1483", + "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": " 10 November 1483", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": " 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": " 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": " 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": " 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt", + "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": " 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": " school", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": ". Luther sought assurances about life and was drawn to theology and philosophy", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": " school", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": ". Luther sought assurances about life and was drawn to theology and philosophy", + "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": "In accordance with his father's wishes, Luther enrolled in law school", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": " a closed Augustinian cloister in Erfurt on 17 July 150", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": " a closed Augustinian cloister in Erfurt on 17 July 150", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "He later attributed his decision to an event: on 2 July 150", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": " a closed Augustinian cloister in Erfurt on 17 July 150", + "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": " a closed Augustinian cloister in Erfurt on 17 July 150", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": " Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\" Johann von Staupitz", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": "uther dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": "uther dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": "uther dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession", + "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": "Luther dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": " 9 March 1508", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": " 9 March 1508", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": " 9 March 1508", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": " 9 March 1508", + "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": " 9 March 1508", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": " 19 October 1512, he was awarded his Doctor of Theology and, on 21 October 15", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": " 19 October 1512, he was awarded his Doctor of Theology and, on 21 October 15", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": " Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": " Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", + "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": " Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": " 1516, Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences, was sent to Germany by the Roman Catholic Church", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": " 1516, Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences, was sent to Germany by the Roman Catholic Church", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": " 1516, Johann Tetzel", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": " 1516, Johann Tetzel", + "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": " 1516, Johann Tetzel", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": " The Ninety-Five Theses", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": " The Ninety-Five Theses", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": " Theses", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": " The Ninety-Five Theses", + "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": " The Ninety-Five Theses", + "56f80143aef2371900625d68": " Tetzel", + "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "uther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "uther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel", + "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": " Tetzel", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": "He", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": "He", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": "He", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": "He", + "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": "He", + "56f8046faef2371900625d71": " Tetzel was by no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", + "56f8046faef2371900625d72": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", + "56f8046faef2371900625d73": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", + "56f8046faef2371900625d74": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": " Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": " Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": " Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": " Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", + "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": " Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", + "56f8074faef2371900625d79": " Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": " Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": " Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": " Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press", + "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": " Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": " 1519", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": " 1519", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": " 1520", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": " 1520", + "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": " 1520", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians", + "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": ":8\u201310", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": ":8\u201310", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": " 1525 publication On the Bondage of the Will", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": ":8\u201310", + "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": ":8\u201310", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": " the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation. His railing against the sale of indulgences was based on it", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": " the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation. His railing against the sale of indulgences was based on it", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": " the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation", + "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "uther's rediscovery of \"Christ and His salvation\"", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz and Magdeburg did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": " Theses", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": " Theses", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": " Theses. He had the theses checked for heresy", + "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": " Magdeburg did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses", + "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "Pope Leo X", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": " Theses, Luther's confrontation with the church cast him as an enemy of the pope", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "Pope Leo X was used to reformers and heretics", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "Pope Leo X", + "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "Pope Leo X", + "56f81393aef2371900625da9": " 1415", + "56f81393aef2371900625daa": " 1415", + "56f81393aef2371900625dab": " 1415", + "56f81393aef2371900625dac": " 1415", + "56f81393aef2371900625dad": " 1415", + "56f81537aef2371900625db3": " 15 June 1520", + "56f81537aef2371900625db4": " 15 June 15", + "56f81537aef2371900625db5": " X on 3 January 1521", + "56f81537aef2371900625db6": " X on 3 January 1521", + "56f81537aef2371900625db7": " 15 June 15", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": "The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": " 18 April 1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": "The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses fell to the secular authorities", + "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses fell to the secular authorities", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": " Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": " response the next day", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": " response the next day", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": " response the next day", + "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": " response the next day", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": " Michael Mullett", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": " Michael Mullett", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": " \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett", + "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "At the end of this speech, Luther raised his arm \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": " witness accounts of the proceedings", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "uther refused to recant his writings", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": " speech", + "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": " speech", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": " 1521", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": " 1521", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": " 1521", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": " 1521", + "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": " 1521", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": " disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "uther's disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": "uther's disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": " disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", + "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": " disappearance during his return trip back to Wittenberg", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": " sinners by nature, he explained, and God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 1521", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": " sinners by nature, he explained, and God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 1521", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": " sinners by nature, he explained, and God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 1521", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": " sinners by nature, he explained, and God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 1521", + "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": " sinners by nature, he explained, and God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just. On 1 August 1521", + "56f84485aef2371900625f71": " The Judgement of Martin Luther", + "56f84485aef2371900625f72": " The Judgement of Martin Luther", + "56f84485aef2371900625f73": " The Judgement of Martin Luther", + "56f84485aef2371900625f74": " The Judgement of Martin Luther", + "56f84485aef2371900625f75": " The Judgement of Martin Luther", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": " Thessalonians 2 was identified as the power of the Papacy", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": " Thessalonians 2 was identified as the power of the Papacy", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": " Thessalonians 2 was identified as the power of the Papacy", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": " Thessalonians 2 was identified as the power of the Papacy", + "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": " Thessalonians 2 was identified as the power of the Papacy", + "56f84760aef2371900625f81": " A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther", + "56f84760aef2371900625f82": " A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther", + "56f84760aef2371900625f83": " A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther", + "56f84760aef2371900625f84": " A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther", + "56f84760aef2371900625f85": " A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": " 6 March 1522", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": "uther secretly returned to Wittenberg on 6 March 1522", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": " 1522", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": " 6 March 1522", + "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": " 6 March 1522", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "The effect of Luther's intervention", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "The effect of Luther's intervention", + "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "The effect of Luther's intervention", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "The effect of Luther's intervention", + "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "The effect of Luther", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": " church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": " church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": " church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order", + "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": " church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order", + "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": " church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order, he signalled his reinvention as a conservative force within the Reformation", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": " 1524", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": " 1524", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": " 1524", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": " 1524", + "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": " 1524", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": " May 1525", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": " 1525", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": " May 1525", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": " 1525", + "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": " 1525", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": " Bible forms the foundation for the doctrine known as the Divine Right of Kings", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": "uther justified his opposition to the rebels on three grounds. First, in choosing violence over lawful submission to the secular government", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": "uther justified his opposition to the rebels", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "uther justified his opposition to the rebels on three grounds. First, in choosing violence over lawful submission to the secular government", + "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": " the foundation for the doctrine known as the Divine Right of Kings", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": "Without Luther's backing for the uprising", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": " Luther's backing for the uprising, many rebels laid down their weapons; others felt betrayed. Their defeat by the Swabian League", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": " 15 May 1525", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": " 15 May 1525", + "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": " 15 May 1525, followed by M\u00fcntzer's execution, brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": " Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": " Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "Martin Luther", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": " Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", + "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": " Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": " was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen, Justus Jonas, Johannes Apel, Philipp Melanchthon and Lucas Cranach the Elder", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": " walk to the church and the wedding banquet were left out", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", + "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": " priests and former religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": " priests and former religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": " 1524", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": " priests and former religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage", + "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": " priests and former religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": " 10 December 1527, who died within a few months; Magdalene \u2013 1529, who died in Luther's arms in 1542", + "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": " 10 December 1527, who died within a few months; Magdalene \u2013 1529, who died in Luther's arms in 1542", + "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": " 10 December 1527, who died within a few months; Magdalene \u2013 1529, who died in Luther's arms in 1542", + "56f8575aaef2371900626000": " 10 December 1527, who died within a few months; Magdalene \u2013 1529, who died in Luther's arms in 1542", + "56f8575aaef2371900626001": " 10 December 1527, who died within a few months; Magdalene \u2013 1529, who died in Luther's arms in 1542", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": " 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": " 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": " 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": " 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", + "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": " 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", + "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": "1528", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": "1528", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": "1528", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": "1528", + "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "1528", + "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": " 1526", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": " 1526", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": " 1526", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": " German liturgy, Luther wrote a German Mass, which he published in early 1526", + "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": " 1526", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": " 1527", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": " 1527", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": " 1527", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": " 1527", + "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": " 1527", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": " Ten Commandments", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": " Ten Commandments", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": " Ten Commandments", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": " Ten Commandments", + "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": " Ten Commandments", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "The catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "The catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": "The catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "The catechism", + "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "The catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626053": "uther's Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626054": "uther's Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626055": " Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626056": " Small Catechism", + "56f86966aef2371900626057": " Small Catechism", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": " 1534", + "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": " 1534", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": " German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": " German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": " German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "uther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", + "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": " German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", + "56f86e91aef2371900626067": " Bible translation. As such, it made a significant contribution to the evolution of the German language", + "56f86e91aef2371900626068": " Bible translation. As such, it made a significant contribution to the evolution of the German language", + "56f86e91aef2371900626069": " Bible translation. As such, it made a significant contribution to the evolution of the German language", + "56f86e91aef237190062606a": " Bible translation. As such, it made a significant contribution to the evolution of the German language", + "56f86e91aef237190062606b": " Bible translation. As such, it made a significant contribution to the evolution of the German language", + "56f87000aef2371900626071": " hymn-writer", + "56f87000aef2371900626072": ":11\u201312", + "56f87000aef2371900626073": ":11\u201312", + "56f87000aef2371900626074": ":11\u201312", + "56f87000aef2371900626075": ":11\u201312", + "56f8720eaef237190062608f": " 1875", + "56f8720eaef2371900626090": " 1875", + "56f8720eaef2371900626091": " 1875", + "56f8720eaef2371900626092": " 1875", + "56f8720eaef2371900626093": " 1875", + "56f87392aef2371900626099": " 1525", + "56f87392aef237190062609a": " 1525", + "56f87392aef237190062609b": " 1524 creed", + "56f87392aef237190062609c": " 1525", + "56f87392aef237190062609d": " 1525", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": " 1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": " 1538 hymnic version", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": " hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": " hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer", + "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": " 1538 hymnic version", + "56f87760aef23719006260cc": " 1523", + "56f87760aef23719006260cd": " 1523", + "56f87760aef23719006260ce": " 1523 as a hymnic version of Psalm 130", + "56f87760aef23719006260cf": " 1523", + "56f87760aef23719006260d0": " 1523", + "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", + "56f879bdaef23719006260df": "uther wrote \"Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", + "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", + "56f87e95aef237190062610a": " 1541", + "56f87e95aef237190062610b": " 1541", + "56f87e95aef237190062610c": " 1541", + "56f87e95aef237190062610d": " 1541", + "56f87e95aef237190062610e": " 1541", + "56f88025aef237190062611e": " Reformation", + "56f88025aef237190062611f": " Reformation", + "56f88025aef2371900626120": " Reformation", + "56f88025aef2371900626121": " Reformation", + "56f88025aef2371900626122": "uther's hymns were included in early Lutheran hymnals and spread the ideas of the Reformation", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": " 1707", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": " 1707", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": " 1707", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": " 1707", + "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": " 1707", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "In contrast to the views of John Calvin", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": "In contrast to the views of John Calvin", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": " passages, such as the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. This also led Luther to reject the idea of torments for the saints", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": " passages, such as the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. This also led Luther to reject the idea of torments for the saints", + "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": " passages, such as the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. This also led Luther to reject the idea of torments for the saints", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", + "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": " 1765 argued that John Jortin misread this and other passages from Luther, while Gottfried Fritschel pointed out in 1867", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": " 1765", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": " 1765", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": "uther's Commentary", + "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": "uther's Commentary", + "56f88c37aef2371900626176": " 1529, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, convoked an assembly of German and Swiss theologians", + "56f88c37aef2371900626177": " 1529, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse", + "56f88c37aef2371900626178": " 1529, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse", + "56f88c37aef2371900626179": " fifteen", + "56f88c37aef237190062617a": " 1529, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse", + "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", + "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", + "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", + "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", + "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", + "56f8907faef23719006261b2": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession, and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League", + "56f8907faef23719006261b3": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession, and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League", + "56f8907faef23719006261b4": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession, and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League", + "56f8907faef23719006261b5": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession, and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League", + "56f8907faef23719006261b6": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": " Lutheran scholarship, however, has found a different reality in Luther", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": " a different reality in Luther", + "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": " a different reality in Luther", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": " a different reality in Luther", + "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": " a different reality in Luther", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", + "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": " 1526, he argued in Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace that national defence is reason for a just war", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": " Theses", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": " 1526, he argued in Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace that national defence is reason for a just war", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": " 1526, he argued in Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace that national defence is reason for a just war", + "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": " Theses", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": " Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": " Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", + "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "1566) \u2013 serving at the time as pastor in Luther's birthplace, Eisle", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": " 1538 and 1540", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": " 1538 and 1540", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": " 1538 and 1540", + "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": " 1538 and 1540", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": " Ten Commandments among Christians", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": " disputations against the antinomians", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": " theses and disputations against the antinomians", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": " Christians", + "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": " theses and disputations against the antinomians", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": ". This has traditionally been called the \"third use of the law", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": " Ten Commandments \u2013 when considered not as God's condemning judgment", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": " Commandments", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": " Ten Commandments", + "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": " Ten Commandments \u2013 when considered not as God's condemning judgment but as an expression of his eternal will", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": " Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": "The Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians", + "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": "The Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": " Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I", + "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", + "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": " 1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": " 1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": " 1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": " 1543", + "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": " 1543", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": " 1537", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": " 1537", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": " 1537", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": " 1537", + "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": " 1537", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": "Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism in Germany", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism", + "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": "Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism in Germany", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": " 17 December 1941", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": " 17 December 1941", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": " 17 December 1941", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": " 17 December 1941, seven Protestant regional church confederations issued a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge", + "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": " 17 December 1941", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": " racial antisemitism of the Nazis", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": " racial antisemitism of the Nazis", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": " racial antisemitism of the Nazis", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": " racial antisemitism of the Nazis", + "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": " racial antisemitism of the Nazis", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": " National Socialists", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": " National Socialists", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": " National Socialists", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": " National Socialists", + "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": " National Socialists", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": " 1531\u201346", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": " 1531\u201346", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": " 1531\u201346", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": " 1531\u201346", + "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": " 1531\u201346", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": " Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": " 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans aged 15\u201365", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": " Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans", + "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": " Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": " 1536, he began to suffer from kidney and bladder stones, and arthritis, and an ear infection ruptured an ear drum", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": " 1536, he began to suffer from kidney and bladder stones, and arthritis, and an ear infection ruptured an ear drum", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": " 1536, he began to suffer from kidney and bladder stones, and arthritis, and an ear infection ruptured an ear drum", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": " 1536, he began to suffer from kidney and bladder stones, and arthritis, and an ear infection ruptured an ear drum", + "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": " 1536, he began to suffer from kidney and bladder stones, and arthritis, and an ear infection ruptured an ear drum", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": " 1545 and 15", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": " 1545 and 15", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": " 1545 and 15", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": " 1545 and 15", + "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": " 1545 and 15", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": " 1546", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": " 1546", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": " 15 February 1546", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": " 15 February 1546", + "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": "His last sermon was delivered at Eisleben, his place of birth, on 15 February 1546", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": " a third visit was needed in early 1546", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": "uther's final journey, to Mansfeld", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": " a third visit was needed in early 1546", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "uther's final journey, to Mansfeld", + "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": " final journey, to Mansfeld", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": " 17 February 1546", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": " 17 February 1546", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": " 17 February 1546", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": " 17 February 1546", + "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": " 17 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": ".m. on 18 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": " 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "An apoplectic stroke deprived him of his speech, and he died shortly afterwards at 2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": "An apoplectic stroke deprived him of his speech, and he died shortly afterwards at 2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", + "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": ".m. on 18 February 1546", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": "A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement", + "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": "1546", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": "1546", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "In the 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size were crucial to the spread of Protestantism", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": "1546", + "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "In the 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size were crucial to the spread of Protestantism", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": " 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": " 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": " 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": " 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints", + "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": " 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": " abbreviated SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "Southern California, often abbreviated SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": " SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": " SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "Southern California, often abbreviated SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost 10 counties", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": " megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", + "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": " Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "Thousand Oaks\u2013Ventura metropolitan area; the Santa Barbara metro area; the San Luis Obispo metropolitan area", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "Southern California", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "Southern California", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "Southern California", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "To the east is the Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": " the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona", + "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States", + "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States", + "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States", + "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States", + "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States", + "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in the state", + "5705e99452bb891400689689": "Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in the state", + "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "Its counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "The motion picture, television, and music industry", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "The motion picture, television, and music industry", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "The motion picture, television, and music industry", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "The motion picture, television, and music industry", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "The motion picture, television, and music industry", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "boarder Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "boarder Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "boarder Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "boarder Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "boarder Tony Hawk", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": " desert city of Palm Springs", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": " Palm Springs", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": " desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": " desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "Southern California", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": " formal geographic designation", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": " formal geographic designation", + "5705eee952bb8914006896de": " Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state", + "5705eee952bb8914006896df": " Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": " Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": " Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": " Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be admitted to the Union as a free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave state", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": " 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": " 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": " 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": " 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": " 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": " In 1999, the Times added a newer county\u2014Imperial\u2014to that list", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "perial\u2014to that list", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "perial\u2014to that list", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "perial\u2014to that list", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": " In 1999, the Times added a newer county\u2014Imperial\u2014to that list", + "5705f36452bb891400689718": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups", + "5705f36452bb891400689719": " tourism groups", + "5705f36452bb89140068971a": " regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California", + "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California", + "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": " suburban communities and use of automobiles", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": " megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": " megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": " suburban communities and use of automobiles", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": " suburban communities and use of automobiles", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": " Interstate 5, the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": " Interstate 5", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": " Interstate 5, the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton. The cities and communities along Interstate 15", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": " Interstate 5", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": " Interstate 5", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": " Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": " Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": " Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": " Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": " Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": " Peninsular Ranges", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": " geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes in a diversity outnumbering other major regions in the state and country", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "Southern California", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": " Peninsular Ranges", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": " Peninsular Ranges", + "5705fec152bb89140068977a": " $20 billion", + "5705fec152bb89140068977b": " $20 billion", + "5705fec152bb89140068977c": " $20 billion", + "5705fec152bb89140068977d": " $20 billion", + "5705fec152bb89140068977e": " $20 billion", + "5705ffde52bb891400689784": ".7+ earthquake", + "5705ffde52bb891400689785": " 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event", + "5705ffde52bb891400689786": " Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", + "5705ffde52bb891400689787": ".7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event", + "5705ffde52bb891400689788": ".7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event", + "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "Southern California is divided culturally, politically, and economically into distinctive regions", + "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "Southern California", + "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "Southern California", + "570603c475f01819005e7882": " 22,680,010", + "570603c475f01819005e7883": " a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.0% in the 2000s", + "570603c475f01819005e7884": ".", + "570603c475f01819005e7885": " a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.0% in the 2000s", + "570603c475f01819005e7886": " a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.0% in the 2000s", + "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area", + "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area", + "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area", + "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area", + "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "Southern California", + "570607f575f01819005e78b4": ".7 million people)", + "570607f575f01819005e78b5": ".7 million people)", + "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "at 3.7 million people)", + "570607f575f01819005e78b7": ")", + "570607f575f01819005e78b8": " (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego", + "5706094b52bb8914006897de": " heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Southern California's economy is diverse and one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "Southern California's economy is diverse and one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "Southern California's economy is diverse and one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "Southern California's economy is diverse and one of the largest in the United States. It is dominated and heavily dependent upon abundance of petroleum", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": " citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": ".S., cattle and citrus were major industries", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "Since the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": ".S., cattle and citrus were major industries", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": ".S., cattle and citrus were major industries", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "Southern California is home to many major business districts", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "CBD) include Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Southern California", + "57060cc352bb89140068980e": " Glendale and Downtown Long Beach", + "57060cc352bb89140068980f": " Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach", + "57060cc352bb891400689810": " major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach", + "57060cc352bb891400689811": " Burbank", + "57060df252bb891400689820": "iverside area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside", + "57060df252bb891400689821": "The San Bernardino-Riverside area", + "57060df252bb891400689822": "The San Bernardino-Riverside area", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": " a rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "Orange County", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Orange County is a rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": " County is a rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": " a rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Downtown San Diego", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": " district of San Diego", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Downtown San Diego", + "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States", + "570610b275f01819005e792b": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States", + "570610b275f01819005e792c": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States", + "570610b275f01819005e792d": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States", + "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States", + "5706111a52bb89140068984c": " Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego", + "5706111a52bb89140068984d": " Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties", + "5706111a52bb89140068984e": " Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties", + "5706111a52bb89140068984f": " Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego", + "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Southern California is also home to the Port of Los Angeles, the United States' busiest commercial port; the adjacent Port of Long Beach", + "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Southern California", + "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern California is also home to the Port of Los Angeles", + "5706139252bb891400689864": " Tech Coast is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base", + "5706139252bb891400689865": "The Tech Coast", + "5706139252bb891400689866": " Tech Coast", + "5706139252bb891400689867": " public and private institutions. Amongst these include 5 University of California campuses", + "5706139252bb891400689868": " public and private institutions. Amongst these include 5 University of California campuses", + "5706143575f01819005e7950": " sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL", + "5706143575f01819005e7951": " sports teams in Southern California", + "5706143575f01819005e7952": " sports teams in Southern California", + "5706143575f01819005e7953": " sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL", + "5706143575f01819005e7954": " sports teams in Southern California", + "5706149552bb891400689880": " were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", + "5706149552bb891400689881": "From 2005 to 2014, there were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", + "5706149552bb891400689882": "From 2005 to 2014, there were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", + "5706149552bb891400689883": " Chivas USA", + "5706149552bb891400689884": " were two Major League Soccer teams in Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", + "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports", + "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "College sports are also popular in southern California", + "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "College sports are also popular in southern California", + "570614ff52bb89140068988d": " The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference", + "570614ff52bb89140068988e": " sports are also popular in southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference", + "5706155352bb891400689894": " school sport", + "5706155352bb891400689895": " school sport", + "5706155352bb891400689896": " school sport", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": " November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": " November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": " November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "Formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": " November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": " \u00a31.3bn. In February 2015, Sky bid \u00a3", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": " \u00a31.3bn", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": " \u00a31.3bn", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": " \u00a31.3bn", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": " Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV'", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": " Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV'", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": " BSkyB channels were available on this platform", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": " Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV'", + "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": " Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV'", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": " charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": " subscription fees for using a Sky+ PVR with their service; waiving the charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "VR with their service; waiving the charge for subscribers whose package included two or more premium channels", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": " subscription fees for using a Sky+ PVR with their service", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": " subscription fees for using a Sky+", + "57094d489928a8140047150a": "Guard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", + "57094d489928a8140047150b": "BSkyB utilises the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company", + "57094d489928a8140047150c": " pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", + "57094d489928a8140047150d": "Guard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", + "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Guard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": " 1 March 2007", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": " 1 March 2007", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": " 1 March 2007", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": " 1 March 2007", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": " 1 March 2007", + "570960cf200fba1400367f01": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", + "570960cf200fba1400367f02": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", + "570960cf200fba1400367f03": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", + "570960cf200fba1400367f04": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", + "570960cf200fba1400367f05": " High Court of Justice found that Microsoft\u2019", + "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", + "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", + "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", + "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm", + "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", + "570963a5200fba1400367f33": " April 2007", + "570963a5200fba1400367f34": " April 2007", + "570963a5200fba1400367f35": " telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom. Sky provides television and broadband internet services and fixed line telephone services to consumers and businesses in the United Kingdom", + "570963a5200fba1400367f36": " April 2007", + "57096505ed30961900e84082": " 18 November 2015, Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016", + "57096505ed30961900e84083": " 18 November 2015, Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016", + "57096505ed30961900e84084": " media. The Sky Q Silver set top box is capable of receiving and displaying UHD broadcasts, which Sky will introduce later in 2016", + "57096505ed30961900e84085": " 18 November 2015, Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016", + "57096505ed30961900e84086": " 18 November 2015, Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016", + "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": " OpenTV system, with set-top boxes", + "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "kyB's standard definition", + "570966e0200fba1400367f51": " standard definition broadcasts are in DVB-compliant MPEG-2, with the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels including optional Dolby Digital soundtracks", + "570966e0200fba1400367f52": " OpenTV system, with set-top boxes", + "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "BSkyB's standard definition", + "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": " Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1 (now Eutelsat 33C) at 28.5\u00b0E", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": " 2A satellite", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": " service", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": " service, Sky, with the potential to carry hundreds of television and radio channels", + "570967c4ed30961900e840be": " Digital was launched in 1998", + "5709686c200fba1400367f77": " 22 May 2006", + "5709686c200fba1400367f78": " 22 May 2006", + "5709686c200fba1400367f79": " 22 May 2006", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": " 22 May 2006", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": " 22 May 2006", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": " 8 February 2007, BSkyB announced its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": " March as a subscription service", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": " three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels", + "57096b66200fba1400367faa": " digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels", + "57096b66200fba1400367fab": " 8 February 2007, BSkyB announced its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "9.75/10.600 GHz) which is fitted at the end of the dish and pointed at the correct satellite constellation", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": " band LNB (9.75/10.600 GHz) which is fitted at the end of the dish and pointed at the correct satellite constellation", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "9.75/10.600 GHz) which is fitted at the end of the dish and pointed at the correct satellite constellation", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "9.75/10.600 GHz) which is fitted at the end of the dish and pointed at the correct satellite constellation", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "NB (9.75/10.600 GHz) which is fitted at the end of the dish and pointed at the correct satellite constellation", + "57096e1ced30961900e84102": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", + "57096e1ced30961900e84103": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", + "57096e1ced30961900e84104": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", + "57096e1ced30961900e84105": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", + "57096e1ced30961900e84106": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": " Ofcom", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": " Ofcom", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": " Ofcom", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": " Any channel which can get carriage on a suitable beam", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": ", ranging from \u00a315\u2013", + "57097051ed30961900e84132": " 1 October 1998", + "57097051ed30961900e84133": " 1 October 1998", + "57097051ed30961900e84134": " 1 October 1998", + "57097051ed30961900e84135": " 1 October 1998", + "57097051ed30961900e84136": " 1 October 1998", + "57097141200fba1400367ff9": " 30 November 2006 until 30 July 2009 it only carried one linear HD channel", + "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "west) started to offer a high-definition television (HDTV) capable set top box", + "57097141200fba1400367ffb": " 30 November 2006 until 30 July 2009 it only carried one linear HD channel", + "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "Telewest) started to offer a high-definition television (HDTV) capable set top box", + "57097141200fba1400367ffd": " 30 November 2006 until 30 July 2009 it only carried one linear HD channel", + "57097b50200fba140036804d": " 10 million homes in 2010", + "57097b50200fba140036804e": " 10 million homes in 2010", + "57097b50200fba140036804f": " 10 million homes in 2010, Europe", + "57097b50200fba1400368050": " 10 million homes in 2010", + "57097b50200fba1400368051": "home satellite service became available in 10 million homes in 2010", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "The Daily Mail newspaper", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": " Daily Mail newspaper", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "The Daily Mail newspaper", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "The Daily Mail newspaper", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "The Daily Mail newspaper", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": " \u00a330m for the channels with both channel suppliers", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": " \u00a330m for the channels with both channel suppliers", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of \u00a330m for the channels with both channel suppliers", + "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of \u00a330m for the channels with both channel suppliers", + "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of \u00a330m for the channels with both channel suppliers able to secure additional capped payments", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "The economy of Victoria is highly diversified: service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "The economy of Victoria is highly diversified: service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "The economy of Victoria is highly diversified: service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": " 1857", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": " 1857. Conditions on the gold fields were cramped and unsanitary", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": " South Wales", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": " anti-Chinese violence that was seen at the Lambing Flat riots in New South Wales", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": " 1857. Conditions on the gold fields were cramped and unsanitary", + "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": " five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44", + "570d26efb3d812140066d490": " five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44", + "570d26efb3d812140066d491": " five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44", + "570d26efb3d812140066d492": " Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44", + "570d26efb3d812140066d493": " five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "The centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP), the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "The centre-left Australian Labor Party", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "The centre-left Australian Labor Party", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "The centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP), the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "The centre-left Australian Labor Party", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": ". Buddhism", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": " densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": " densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": " a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": " densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": " densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": " 1788", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": " 1788", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": " 1788", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": " 1788", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": " 1788", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": " than 50% of this area is sown for wheat, 33% for barley and 7% for oats", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": " A further 6,000 square kilometres (2,300 sq mi) is sown for hay", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": " than 50% of this area is sown for wheat, 33% for barley and 7% for oats", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": " than 26,000 square kilometres", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": " than 50% of this area is sown for wheat, 33% for barley and 7% for oats", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": " February 2009", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": " February 2009", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": " February 2009", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", + "570d3468b3d812140066d543": " car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden", + "570d3468b3d812140066d544": " no longer be a base for the global car industry", + "570d3468b3d812140066d545": " no longer be a base for the global car industry", + "570d3468b3d812140066d546": " no longer be a base for the global car industry", + "570d3468b3d812140066d547": " no longer be a base for the global car industry", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "id plains to the west and northwest", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "sland in the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas which rise to almost 2,000 m (", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "id plains to the west and northwest", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "sland in the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas which rise to almost 2,000 m (", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "id plains to the west and northwest", + "570d391fb3d812140066d575": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", + "570d391fb3d812140066d576": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", + "570d391fb3d812140066d577": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", + "570d391fb3d812140066d578": " Victorian Alps", + "570d391fb3d812140066d579": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": " public railway operators", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": " public railway operators", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": " public railway operators", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "Rail transport in Victoria", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": " Victoria", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": " 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": " 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": " 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": " 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": " were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": " public schools, and just over 311,800 in private schools", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": " public schools, and just over 311,800 in private schools", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": " public schools, and just over 311,800 in private schools", + "570d44abb3d812140066d600": " public schools, and just over 311,800 in private schools", + "570d44abb3d812140066d601": " public schools, and just over 311,800 in private schools", + "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": " freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": " freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": " freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": " freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": " freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": " 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": " 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": " 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": " 1788", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": " 1855", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": " 1855", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": " 1855", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": " 1855", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": " 1855", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": " public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet consists of representatives elected to either house of parliament", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": " $8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": " $8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": " $8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": " $8.7 billion", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": " $8.7 billion", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": " Geelong and numerous local festivals", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": " tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": " tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": " a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": " 1562 to 1598", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": " 1562 to 1598", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": " 1562 to 1598", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": " 1562 to 1598", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": " 1562 to 1598", + "57106185b654c5140001f8db": " 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": " 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": " 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism", + "57106185b654c5140001f8de": " 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism", + "57106185b654c5140001f8df": " 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": " 1598 granted to the Huguenots", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": " 1598 granted to the Huguenots", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": " 1598 granted to the Huguenots", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": " 1598 granted to the Huguenots", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": " 1598 granted to the Huguenots", + "571077ecb654c5140001f909": " 1671", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": " 1671", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": " 1671", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": " 1671", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": " 1671", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": " 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": " 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": " 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": " 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": " 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": " 1685", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": " 1685", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": " 1685", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": " 1685", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": " 1685", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": " 1672", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": " 1672", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": " 1672", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": " 1672", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": " 1672", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism", + "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church in France", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "The Catholic Church in France", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "The Catholic Church in France", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "The Catholic Church in France", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "The Catholic Church in France", + "57108073b654c5140001f927": " 1621 and 1629", + "57108073b654c5140001f926": " 1621 and 1629", + "57108073b654c5140001f928": " 1621 and 1629", + "57108073b654c5140001f929": " 1621 and 1629", + "57108073b654c5140001f925": " 1621 and 1629", + "57108198b654c5140001f937": "roximately one million Protestants", + "57108198b654c5140001f938": "roximately one million Protestants", + "57108198b654c5140001f939": "roximately one million Protestants in modern France represent some 2% of its population. Most are concentrated in Alsace in northeast France", + "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "roximately one million Protestants", + "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "roximately one million Protestants", + "57108c95b654c5140001f979": " disperse or settle in different parts of the country", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": " disperse or settle in different parts of the country", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "Huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": " disperse or settle in different parts of the country", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": " country", + "57108d69b654c5140001f983": " Dutch Republic", + "57108d69b654c5140001f984": " 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants", + "57108d69b654c5140001f985": " 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants", + "57108d69b654c5140001f986": " 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants", + "57108d69b654c5140001f987": " 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": " 1560", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": " 1560", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": " 1560", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": " 1560", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": " 1560", + "571090abb654c5140001f995": " Canterbury", + "571090abb654c5140001f996": " Turnagain Lane", + "571090abb654c5140001f997": " Turnagain Lane", + "571090abb654c5140001f998": " Turnagain Lane", + "571090abb654c5140001f999": " Turnagain Lane", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": " 1696", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": " 1696", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": " 1696", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": " Waterford", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": " 1696", + "57109275b654c5140001f99f": " 1759-60", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": " 1759-60", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": " 1759-60", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": " 1759-60", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": " 1759-60", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": " 1598", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": " 1598", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": " 1598", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": " French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": " French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": " French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": " names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": " 1844", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": " Revere", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": " 1844", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": " 1844", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": " 1844", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "shire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": " lace industry at the time. Although 19th century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "uenots settled in Bedfordshire", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": " Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": " By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": " 1806", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": " 1806-07", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": " By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": " 1806", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": ",000) fled to surrounding Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": " Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": " Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": ",000) fled to surrounding Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": ",000) fled to surrounding Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": " the first at any permanent European settlement in the present-day continental United States", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": " the first at any permanent European settlement in the present-day continental United States", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": " the first at any permanent European settlement in the present-day continental United States", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": " the first at any permanent European settlement in the present-day continental United States", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": " the first at any permanent European settlement in the present-day continental United States", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": " 1564", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": " 1564", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": " 1564", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "French Huguenots", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": ".S., and founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina. The Wars of Religion", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": " 17", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": " 17", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": " 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": " 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": " 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "1568", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "1568", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "1568\u20131609", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "1568", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": " articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": " estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "enots fled to England", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": " Naturalization Act, an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "enot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": " linen industry", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": " linen industry", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": " linen industry", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": " linen industry", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": " linen industry", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": " 1604", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": " 1604", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": " 1604", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": " 1604", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": " 1604", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": " noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": " noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": " noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": " noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "French linguistic origins, arguing that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated in the French language", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": " 1559", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": " 1559", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": " 1559", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": " 1559", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": " 1559", + "57111428b654c5140001faff": " 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", + "57111428b654c5140001fb00": " 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots", + "57111428b654c5140001fb01": " killed thousands of Huguenots", + "57111428b654c5140001fb02": " killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris", + "57111429b654c5140001fb03": " killed thousands of Huguenots", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": " 1643", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": " 1643", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": " 1643", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": " 1643", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": " 1643", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": " Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": " four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": " Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": " four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "uenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "uenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "uenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": " denominations", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": " Protestant denominations", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "uenot refugees in the Netherlands", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": " Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": " Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": " Historical and Critical Dictionary. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "uenot refugees in the Netherlands", + "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550", + "57111992b654c5140001fb44": " 1550", + "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "The French Protestant Church of London", + "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550", + "57111992b654c5140001fb47": " 1550", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": ". Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": " Scandinavia. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": " Scandinavia. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": ". Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": " Scandinavia. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": " Brandenburg", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "Steam engines", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": " external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "Steam engines are external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "Steam engines are external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": " external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": " 1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": " 1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": " 1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": " 1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": " 1712", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": " steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "The Rankine cycle", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "The Rankine cycle", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "The Rankine cycle", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "The Rankine cycle", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": " multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": " multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": " multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": " multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": " multiple expansion engine. Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": " valve gears with a separate, variable cutoff expansion valve riding on the back of the main slide valve", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": " valve gears", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": " valve gears", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": " water level drops, such that the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly, the lead melts and the steam escapes, warning the operators", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": " plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": " plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": " 1883, engines that could provide 10,000 hp had become feasible. The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": " 1883, engines that could provide 10,000 hp had become feasible. The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": " 1883, engines that could provide 10,000 hp had become feasible. The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": " 1883, engines that could provide 10,000 hp had become feasible. The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": " 1883, engines that could provide 10,000 hp had become feasible. The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": " 1551", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": " 1551", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "The history of the steam engine", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": " 1629", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "The history of the steam engine", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": " compound engines came into widespread use. Compound engines exhausted steam in to successively larger cylinders", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": " 20th century", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": " 20th century", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": " 20th century, when advances in the design of electric motors and internal combustion engines gradually resulted in the replacement of reciprocating (piston) steam engines", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": " 20th century", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "The final major evolution of the steam engine design was the use of steam turbines", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "The final major evolution of the steam engine design was the use of steam turbines starting in the late part of the 19th century", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "The final major evolution of the steam engine design was the use of steam turbines starting in the late part of the 19th century", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "The final major evolution of the steam engine", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "The final major evolution of the steam engine", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "The heat required for boiling the water", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "The heat required for boiling the water", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "The heat required for boiling the water", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "The heat required for boiling the water", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": " railway work", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": " railway work", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": " railway work", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": " steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke (counterflow), entering and exhausting from the cylinder by the same port", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": " steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke (counterflow), entering and exhausting from the cylinder by the same port", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": " steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": " steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke (counterflow), entering and exhausting from the cylinder by the same port", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": " steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke (counterflow), entering and exhausting from the cylinder by the same port. The complete engine cycle", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": " piston at the end of each stroke", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "iflow is to remedy this defect and improve efficiency", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": " exhaust steam, whilst the hotter incoming admission steam will waste some of its energy in restoring working temperature", + "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "An oscillating cylinder", + "57114b1a2419e31400955576": " steam engine", + "57114b1a2419e31400955577": " steam into and out of the cylinder. Instead of valves", + "57114b1a2419e31400955578": " steam into and out of the cylinder. Instead of valves", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": " Rankine cycle", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": " coal-fired power station", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": " Rankine cycle", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": " Rankine cycle", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": " Rankine cycle", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": " Rankine cycle", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "Steam engines can be said to have been the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": " railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles. Their use in agriculture", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "Steam engines can be said to have been the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": " railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles. Their use in agriculture led to an increase in the land available for cultivation", + "571153422419e3140095557d": " 1808", + "571153422419e3140095557e": " 1808", + "571153422419e3140095557f": " 1808", + "571153422419e31400955580": " 1808", + "571153422419e31400955581": " 1808", + "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": " 1804", + "5711541350c2381900b54a70": " 1804", + "5711541350c2381900b54a71": " 1804", + "5711541350c2381900b54a72": " 1805", + "571154c72419e31400955587": "The main use for steam turbines is in electricity generation", + "571154c72419e31400955588": "The main use for steam turbines is in electricity generation", + "571154c72419e31400955589": "The main use for steam turbines is in electricity generation (in the 1990s about 90% of the world's electric production was by use of steam turbines", + "571154c72419e3140095558a": "The main use for steam turbines", + "571154c72419e3140095558b": "The main use for steam turbines is in electricity generation", + "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", + "571155ae2419e31400955592": " a practical heat/power conversion system", + "571155ae2419e31400955593": " underpinning of the steam engine", + "571155ae2419e31400955594": " steam engine", + "571155ae2419e31400955595": "The Rankine cycle is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine", + "571156152419e3140095559b": "The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency", + "571156152419e3140095559f": "The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency", + "571156152419e3140095559e": "The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency", + "571156152419e3140095559d": " steam engine", + "571156152419e3140095559c": "The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency was its \"duty\". The concept of duty was first introduced by Watt", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": " 20th century", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": " 20th century", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": " 20th century", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": " 19th century", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": " 1698", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": " 1751", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": " 1751", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": " 1751", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": " 1751", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": " 1802", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": " 1802", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": " 1802", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": " 1802", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": " 1802", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "t AB", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": " the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": " reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": " steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": " steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": " stations use surface condensers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": " stations use surface condensers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": " flow from oceans, rivers, lakes, and often by cooling towers which evaporate water to provide cooling energy", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": " 1788", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": " 1788", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": " 1788", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": " 1788", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": " 1788", + "57115e532419e314009555af": " road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880; it was not universally popular in railway locomotives", + "57115e532419e314009555b0": "The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880", + "57115e532419e314009555b1": "The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880", + "57115e532419e314009555b2": "The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880", + "57115e532419e314009555b3": "The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "The simplest valve gears", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "The simplest valve gears", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": " valve gears give events of fixed length during the engine cycle", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "The simplest valve gears give events of fixed length during the engine cycle", + "57115f652419e314009555b9": " 1606", + "57115f652419e314009555ba": " 1606", + "57115f652419e314009555bb": " 1606", + "57115f652419e314009555bc": " 1606", + "57115f652419e314009555bd": " 1606", + "57115ff82419e314009555c3": " a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing", + "57115ff82419e314009555c4": " a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing", + "57115ff82419e314009555c5": " a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing", + "57115ff82419e314009555c6": " a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing", + "57115ff82419e314009555c7": " a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing", + "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "The weight of boilers and condensers", + "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "The weight of boilers and condensers generally makes the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant lower than for internal combustion engines", + "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "The weight of boilers and condensers generally makes the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant lower than for internal combustion engines", + "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "The weight of boilers and condensers generally makes the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant lower than for internal combustion engines", + "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "The weight of boilers and condensers generally makes the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant lower than for internal combustion engines", + "571161092419e314009555d7": " pistonless rotary engine such as the Wankel engine", + "571161092419e314009555d8": "kel engine", + "571161092419e314009555d9": " pistonless rotary engine such as the Wankel engine in place of the cylinders and valve gear of a conventional reciprocating steam engine", + "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1763\u20131775", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "1763\u20131775", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "1763", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "1763", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "1763\u20131775", + "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": " lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler", + "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": " lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": " lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": " lever to restrain a plug valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": " lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler", + "5711628a2419e314009555dd": " 1849", + "5711628a2419e314009555de": " 1849", + "5711628a2419e314009555e1": " 1849", + "5711628a2419e314009555df": " 1849", + "5711628a2419e314009555e0": " 1849", + "571163172419e314009555e7": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", + "571163172419e314009555e8": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", + "571163172419e314009555e9": " steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", + "571163172419e314009555ea": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", + "571163172419e314009555eb": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": " pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": " Rankine cycle holds over others is that during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": " By condensing the fluid, the work required by the pump consumes only 1%", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": " By condensing the fluid, the work required by the pump consumes only 1% to 3% of the turbine power", + "5711651050c2381900b54acb": " screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included", + "5711651050c2381900b54acc": " screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included", + "5711651050c2381900b54acd": " screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included", + "5711651050c2381900b54ace": " screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included", + "5711651050c2381900b54acf": " screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": " liners. HMS Dreadnought of 1905", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": " liners. HMS Dreadnought of 1905", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": " steam engines", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": " steam engines", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": " Dreadnought of 1905", + "571166352419e314009555f1": " a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f2": " a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f3": " water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f4": " water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f5": " a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "ot cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "ot cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": " a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571bb2269499d21900609caa": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571bb2269499d21900609cab": " By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe", + "571bb2269499d21900609cad": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571bb2269499d21900609cac": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": " By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": " 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": " cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": " cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": " cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": " oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": " oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": " cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": " cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": " Priestley published his findings in 1775 in a paper titled \"An Account of Further Discoveries in Air\"", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": " 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": " 1775", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": " 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": " 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": " 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": " 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": " 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": " 1775", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": " Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": " a high oxidative potential", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion. Fire and explosion hazards", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": " a high oxidative potential, such as peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": " the oxidant, not the fuel", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion. Fire and explosion hazards", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": " Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": " Steel pipes and storage vessels", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": " Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": " a launch pad test spread so rapidly because the capsule was pressurized with pure O\n", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": " Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": " Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": " Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": " Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": " the atmosphere", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "gen is present in the atmosphere in trace quantities in the form of carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crust", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": " oxides of silicon", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": " carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crust", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": " carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crust", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "Oxygen is present in the atmosphere", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "gen is present in the atmosphere", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "gen is present in the atmosphere", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": " 1805, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humbold", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": " 1805, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humbold", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": " 1805, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humbold", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": " 1805, Joseph Louis Gay", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": " Dalton's original atomic hypothesis", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": " phlogiston theory", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": " phlogiston theory", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": " residue, such as wood or coal", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": " bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": " bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": " oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "ioxygen, the two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": " bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": " 1773", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": " 1773", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": " 1773", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": " 1773", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": " 1773", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": " bond character and reactivity", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": " a triplet electronic ground state", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": " a triplet electronic ground state", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": " a triplet electronic ground state", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": " electron configuration with two unpaired electrons", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": " 1777", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": " 1777", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": " 1777", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": " 1777", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": " 1777", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "Trioxygen (O\n3) is usually known as ozone", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": " ozone and is a very reactive allotrope", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": " ozone and is a very reactive allotrope", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": " atomic oxygen made by the splitting of O\n2 by ultraviolet (UV) radiation", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": " ozone and is a very reactive allotrope", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "ioxygen, O\n2", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": " 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": " 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": " 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": " 1891 Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study. The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen was independently developed", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": " Water in equilibrium with air", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "\n2, compared to an atmospheric ratio of approximately 1:4. The solubility of oxygen in water is temperature-dependent", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": " O\n2", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": " water than nitrogen is. Water in equilibrium with air contains approximately 1 molecule of dissolved O\n2", + "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": " O\n2", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": " biosphere", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": " most abundant chemical element by mass in the Earth's biosphere", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "gen is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": " 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": " 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen. Oxygen constitutes 49.2% of the Earth's crust", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": " 1877", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": " 1877", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": " 1877", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": " March 29, 1883", + "571caac55efbb31900334dca": " March 29, 1883", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": " Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": " Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": " Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": " Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": " Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "ologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": " lighter isotope, oxygen-16", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "ologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "ologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "ologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "-to-noise ratio and the physical structure of vegetation; but it has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring the carbon cycle from satellites", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "-to-noise ratio and the physical structure of vegetation; but it has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring the carbon cycle from satellites", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": " remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "gen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": " absorption bands", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "agnetic. That is, they impart magnetic character to oxygen", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": " triplet form, O\n2 molecules are paramagnetic. That is, they impart magnetic character to oxygen", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "agnetic. That is, they impart magnetic character to oxygen when it is in the presence of a magnetic field", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": " triplet form, O\n2 molecules are paramagnetic", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": " molecules are paramagnetic", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": " ion (O\u2212\n2) and hydrogen peroxide (H\n2O\n2), are dangerous by-products of oxygen use in organisms", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": " superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "oxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "oxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "Reactive oxygen species", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": " light sky-blue color", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": " light sky-blue color", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": " light sky-blue color", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": " light sky-blue color", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": " light sky-blue color", + "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": " a process called eutrophication", + "571cc8815efbb31900334def": " a process called eutrophication", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": " a process called eutrophication", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": " a process called eutrophication", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": " a process called eutrophication", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": " gas was almost nonexistent in Earth's atmosphere before photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolved, probably about 3.5 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "a and bacteria evolved, probably about 3.5 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "ed iron formations. When such oxygen sinks became saturated, free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans 3\u20132.7 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": " gas was almost nonexistent in Earth's atmosphere before photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolved, probably about 3.5 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": " gas was almost nonexistent in Earth's atmosphere before photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolved, probably about 3.5 billion years ago", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": " three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": " three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": " oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": " oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": " three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "The other major method of producing O\n2 gas involves passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "The other major method of producing O\n2 gas involves passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "The other major method of producing O\n2 gas involves passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "The other major method of producing O\n2 gas", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "ite molecular sieves", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": " molecular oxygen and hydrogen. DC electricity must be used: if AC is used, the gases in each limb consist of hydrogen and oxygen", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": " molecular oxygen", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": " molecular oxygen", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": " A similar method is the electrocatalytic O\n2 evolution from oxides and oxoacids", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": " molecular oxygen and hydrogen. DC electricity must be used: if AC is used, the gases in each limb consist of hydrogen and oxygen", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": " placebo effect is a more likely explanation. Available studies support a performance boost from enriched O\n2 mixtures only", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": " bars and in sports. Oxygen bars are establishments, found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada since the late 1990s", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": " recreational use in oxygen bars and in sports. Oxygen bars are establishments, found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": " recreational use in oxygen bars and in sports. Oxygen bars are establishments, found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": " recreational use in oxygen bars and in sports. Oxygen bars are establishments, found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": " monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness (the 'bends') are sometimes treated using these devices", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": " Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness (the 'bends') are sometimes treated using these devices", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": ") medicine", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": " Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness (the 'bends') are sometimes treated using these devices", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": " the essential purpose of respiration", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": " the essential purpose of respiration", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": " O\n2 from the air is the essential purpose of respiration", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": " O\n2 from the air is the essential purpose of respiration", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": " the essential purpose of respiration", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": " oxide that passivates the metal and slows further corrosion. Many oxides of the transition metals are non-stoichiometric", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": " oxides. The surface of most metals, such as aluminium and titanium, are oxidized in the presence of air", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": " oxide that passivates the metal and slows further corrosion. Many oxides of the transition metals are non-stoichiometric compounds", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": " oxide that passivates the metal and slows further corrosion. Many oxides of the transition metals are non-stoichiometric compounds", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "ides. The surface of most metals, such as aluminium and titanium, are oxidized in the presence of air", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": " liquid in specially insulated tankers, since one liter of liquefied oxygen is equivalent to 840 liters of gaseous oxygen", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": " tankers, since one liter of liquefied oxygen is equivalent to 840 liters of gaseous oxygen", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": " tankers, since one liter of liquefied oxygen is equivalent to 840 liters of gaseous oxygen", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": " liquid in specially insulated tankers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "gen storage methods include high pressure oxygen tanks", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": " aldehydes (R-CO-H); carboxylic acids", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": " aldehydes (R-CO-H); carboxylic acids", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": " the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": " aldehydes (R-CO-H); carboxylic acids", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": " aldehydes (R-CO-H); carboxylic acids", + "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "olecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", + "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "olecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", + "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "olecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", + "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "olecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", + "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": " complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": " O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "gen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system can also occur in deep scuba diving", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "gen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": " the lungs and central nervous system", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": " O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": " no damage due to the low total pressures used", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": " no damage due to the low total pressures used", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": " no damage due to the low total pressures used", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": " O\n2 in space applications, such as in some modern space suits", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": " no damage due to the low total pressures used", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": " other health problems", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": " other health problems", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": " other health problems", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": " other health problems", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": " gas (O\n2) can be toxic at elevated partial pressures, leading to convulsions and other health problems", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "The 1973 oil crisis", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "The 1973 oil crisis", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": " August 15, 1971, the United States unilaterally pulled out of the Bretton Woods Accord. The US abandoned the Gold Exchange Standard", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": " August 15", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": " August 15", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": " August 15", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": " August 15", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": ". From 1947 to 1967, the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": ". From 1947 to 1967, the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": ". From 1947 to 1967, the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": ". From 1947 to 1967, the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": " October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": " October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": " October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": " October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": " October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel", + "57261dab38643c19005ad037": " over 100 billion dollars in the ensuing decades for helping spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, known as Wahhabism", + "57261dab38643c19005ad038": " Saudi Arabia spent over 100 billion dollars in the ensuing decades for helping spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, known as Wahhabism", + "57261dab38643c19005ad039": " Saudi Arabia spent over 100 billion dollars in the ensuing decades for helping spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, known as Wahhabism", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": " nations whose economies had been caught between higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": " income was dispensed in the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": " government agencies more worried about energy were no match for Kissinger", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": " a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "In the United States, scholars argue that there already existed a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": " US than oil. Further, interest groups and government agencies more worried about energy were no match for Kissinger", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe. Of the nine members of the European Economic Community (EEC), the Netherlands faced a complete embargo", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe. Of the nine members of the European Economic Community", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe. Of the nine members of the European Economic Community", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": " oil crisis of its own - a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": " railroad workers over the winter of 1973", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": " railroad workers over the winter of 1973\u201374 became a major factor in the change of government", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": " railroad workers over the winter of 1973", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": " railroad workers over the winter of 1973", + "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls exacerbated the crisis in the US. The system limited the price of \"old oil\" (that which had already been discovered)", + "57264cac708984140094c1b4": ". The rule also discouraged development of alternative energies", + "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "Price controls exacerbated the crisis in the US. The system limited the price of \"old oil\" (that which had already been discovered)", + "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "Price controls exacerbated the crisis in the US. The system limited the price of \"old oil\" (that which had already been discovered)", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": " Nixon named William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": " Federal Energy Office", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": " Federal Energy Office", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": " Nixon named William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", + "57264efddd62a815002e8134": " Petroleum Reserve", + "57264efddd62a815002e8135": " Petroleum Reserve", + "57264efddd62a815002e8136": " Petroleum Reserve", + "57264efddd62a815002e8137": " Petroleum Reserve", + "57264efddd62a815002e8138": " Petroleum Reserve", + "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "The energy crisis led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels", + "572650325951b619008f6faa": "The energy crisis led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels", + "572650325951b619008f6fab": "The energy crisis led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels", + "57265200708984140094c237": " oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries that they briefly considered military action to forcibly seize Middle Eastern oilfields in late 1973", + "57265200708984140094c238": " late 1973", + "57265200708984140094c239": " late 1973", + "57265200708984140094c23a": " late 1973", + "57265360dd62a815002e819a": " 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East", + "57265360dd62a815002e819b": " 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East", + "57265360dd62a815002e819c": " 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East", + "57265360dd62a815002e819d": " 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East", + "57265360dd62a815002e819e": " 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East", + "57265526708984140094c2bd": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", + "57265526708984140094c2be": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", + "57265526708984140094c2bf": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", + "57265526708984140094c2c0": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", + "57265526708984140094c2c1": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": " four cylinder engines", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", + "572659535951b619008f703f": " A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants", + "572659535951b619008f7040": " AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle", + "572659535951b619008f7041": " AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle", + "572659535951b619008f7042": " A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "atsun Truck", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": " Isuzu had joint partnerships with Ford, Chrysler, and GM", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": " trucks were introduced, such as the Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": " trucks were introduced, such as the Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": " By 1985, the average American vehicle moved 17.4 miles per gallon", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": " By 1985, the average American vehicle moved 17.4 miles per gallon", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "An increase in imported cars into North America", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": " By 1985, the average American vehicle moved 17.4 miles per gallon", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": " By 1985, the average American vehicle moved 17.4 miles per gallon", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": " NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 215", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": " a prelude to the DOT \"downsize\" revision of vehicle categories", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "Federal safety standards, such as NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 215", + "57265e11708984140094c3bb": " $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s to less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation, oil", + "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "eminent position, and in 1981, its production was surpassed by that of other countries. Additionally, its own member nations were divided. Saudi Arabia", + "57265e11708984140094c3bd": " $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s to less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation, oil", + "57265e11708984140094c3be": "OPEC", + "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": "The Apollo program", + "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", + "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", + "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "The Apollo program", + "5725b41838643c19005acb83": "The Apollo program", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "-man Gemini program", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966", + "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "ollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "The Apollo program succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "The Apollo program succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": "The Apollo program succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": "The Apollo program succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew", + "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": "The Apollo program succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": " 8 was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": " 8", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "ollo set several major human spaceflight milestones. It stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit", + "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": "flight capability, and funded construction of its Johnson Space Center", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": " Abe Silverstein", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": "The Apollo program", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": "The Apollo program", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": " Abe Silverstein", + "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": " Abe Silverstein", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": " Dryden announced the Apollo program to industry representatives", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": " Dryden announced the Apollo program to industry representatives", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": " Dryden announced the Apollo program to industry representatives", + "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": " Dryden announced the Apollo program to industry representatives", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": " a campaign that promised American superiority over the Soviet Union", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": " a campaign that promised American superiority over the Soviet Union", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": ".\" Despite Kennedy's rhetoric, he did not immediately come to a decision on the status of the Apollo program", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": " a campaign that promised American superiority over the Soviet Union", + "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": " a campaign that promised American superiority over the Soviet Union in the fields of space exploration and missile defense", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": " April 12", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": " April 12", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": " Kennedy", + "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": " April 12", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": " April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": " April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": " April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program", + "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": " space program", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": " A site was chosen in Houston, Texas, on land donated by Rice University, and Administrator Webb announced the conversion on September 19, 1961", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": " Webb announced the conversion on September 19, 1961", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": " A site was chosen in Houston, Texas, on land donated by Rice University, and Administrator Webb announced the conversion on September 19, 1961", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": " A site was chosen in Houston, Texas, on land donated by Rice University, and Administrator Webb announced the conversion on September 19, 1961", + "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": " Webb announced the conversion on September 19, 1961", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": " July 1961", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": " July 1961", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": " July 1961", + "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": " July 1961", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "The LOC included Launch Complex 39", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": " Complex 39", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": " Complex 39, a Launch Control Center, and a 130 million cubic foot (3.7 million cubic meter) Vertical Assembly Building", + "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": " Complex 39", + "5725c123271a42140099d131": " Webb realized that in order to keep Apollo costs under control, he had to develop greater project management skills in his organization", + "5725c123271a42140099d132": " Webb", + "5725c123271a42140099d133": " Webb", + "5725c123271a42140099d134": " Webb", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": " January 1964, until it achieved the first manned landing in July 1969", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": " January 1964, until it achieved the first manned landing in July 1969", + "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": " missile projects", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": " rendezvous \u2014let alone a docking\u2014 neither of which had been attempted even in Earth orbit, would be extremely difficult in lunar orbit", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": " Bypassing the NASA hierarchy, he sent a series of memos and reports on the issue to Associate Administrator Robert Seamans", + "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": " Seamans", + "5725c604271a42140099d185": " ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961", + "5725c604271a42140099d186": " July 1961", + "5725c604271a42140099d187": " ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961", + "5725c604271a42140099d188": " ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961", + "5725c604271a42140099d189": " ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": " July 11, 1962", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": " July 11, 1962", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": " July 11, 1962", + "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": " July 11, 1962", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": " public during a two-day September visit by the President", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": " Webb jumped in and defended von Braun", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": " public during a two-day September visit by the President", + "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": " NASA announced the selection of Grumman as the LEM contractor in November 1962", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": " Apollo 13", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": " Apollo 13", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": " documents prove this theory was discussed before and after the method was chosen", + "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": " Apollo 13", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": " ferry used to transport the crew, along with a new spacecraft, the Lunar Excursion Module", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": " ferry used to transport the crew, along with a new spacecraft, the Lunar Excursion Module", + "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": " ferry used to transport the crew, along with a new spacecraft, the Lunar Excursion Module", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": "The Command Module (CM)", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "The Command Module", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": "The Command Module (CM)", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": "The Command Module (CM)", + "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "The Command Module (CM)", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": " (24,", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": " Service Module", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": " Service Module", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": " Service Module", + "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": " Service Module", + "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": " Aviation won the contract to build the CSM", + "5725cda338643c19005acd40": "North American Aviation won the contract to build the CSM, and also the second stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle", + "5725cda338643c19005acd41": " Aviation", + "5725cda338643c19005acd42": "North American Aviation", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "The Lunar Module", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "The Lunar Module", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": " Lunar Module", + "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": "The Lunar Module", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": "her von Braun", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": " Nova series. In the midst of these plans, von Braun was transferred from the Army to NASA, and made Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center", + "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": "her von Braun", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": "34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": "34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages", + "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": "34", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "The Saturn IB", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "The Saturn IB", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": " IB", + "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": "The Saturn IB was an upgraded version of the Saturn I. The S-IB", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": "The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": " Moon", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": " three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", + "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": "The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "The Apollo astronauts were chosen from the Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups. All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "The Apollo astronauts were chosen from the Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups. All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "The Apollo astronauts", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "The Apollo astronauts were chosen from the Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups. All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans", + "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "The Apollo astronauts were chosen from the Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups. All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": "humously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": "humously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": " Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "NASA awarded all 32 of these astronauts its highest honor, the Distinguished Service Medal", + "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "humously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": "34 on suborbital flights in 1966", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": "34 on suborbital flights in 1966", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "34 on suborbital flights in 1966", + "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": "34 on suborbital flights in 1966", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", + "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": " LM test flight AS-206, a crew would fly the first Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "Deke Slayton, the grounded Mercury astronaut who became Director of Flight Crew Operations", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": " January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA announced the final crew selection for AS-204 on March 21, 1966", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": " January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA announced the final crew selection for AS-204 on March 21, 1966", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "Deke Slayton", + "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "Deke Slayton, the grounded Mercury astronaut who became Director of Flight Crew Operations", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": " IB was allocated to the dual mission, now redesignated AS-205/208", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": " IB was allocated to the dual mission, now redesignated AS-205/208", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "205 mission", + "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "205 mission was canceled, since the validation of the CSM would be accomplished on the 14-day first flight", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": "The problems with North American were severe enough in late 1965 to cause Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller to appoint program director Samuel Phillips", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": " Atwood", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": " Atwood", + "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": "The problems with North American were severe enough in late 1965 to cause Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller to appoint program director Samuel Phillips", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": " January, which would simulate a launch countdown on LC-34", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": " January, which would simulate a launch countdown on LC-34", + "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "Grissom, White, and Chaffee", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": " January 27", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": " January 27", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": " January 27", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": " January 27", + "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": " January 27", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "NASA immediately convened an accident review board", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "NASA immediately convened an accident review board", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": "NASA immediately convened an accident review board", + "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "NASA immediately convened an accident review board", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": " Block II spacecraft and operational procedures, the most important of which were use of a nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen before and during launch", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": " Block II spacecraft and operational procedures, the most important of which were use of a nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen before and during launch", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": " door. NASA discontinued the manned Block I program, using the Block I spacecraft", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": "To remedy the causes of the fire, changes were made in the Block II spacecraft", + "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": " Block II spacecraft and operational procedures, the most important of which were use of a nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen before and during launch", + "5725df1838643c19005ace15": " manned lunar landing. Each step had to be successfully accomplished before the next ones could be performed", + "5725df1838643c19005ace16": " letters were used instead of numbers", + "5725df1838643c19005ace17": " Mueller approved a sequence of mission types which had to be successfully accomplished in order", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": " Block I CSM on November 9, 1967", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": " Block I CSM on November 9", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": " Block I CSM on November 9", + "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": " Block I CSM on November 9, 1967", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "-204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968", + "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37", + "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": " 5 (AS-204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "-204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968", + "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "ollo 5 (AS-204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": " December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": " December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "ollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": " McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart", + "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "ollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "The G mission", + "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", + "5725e44238643c19005ace35": " Ocean of Storms. The Command Module Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon", + "5725e44238643c19005ace36": " Ocean of Storms. The Command Module Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon", + "5725e44238643c19005ace37": " Ocean of Storms. The Command Module Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon, Jr.", + "5725e44238643c19005ace38": " Ocean of Storms. The Command Module Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon, Jr.", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20", + "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": " 13 launched Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": "The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": " 13 launched Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970", + "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": "The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": " By 1971, the decision was made to also cancel missions 18 and 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": " By 1971, the decision was made to also cancel missions 18 and 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": " By 1971, the decision was made to also cancel missions 18 and 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits", + "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": " By 1971, the decision was made to also cancel missions 18 and 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth, as measured by radiometric dating techniques", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth, as measured by radiometric dating techniques", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth, as measured by radiometric dating techniques", + "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": "The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth, as measured by radiometric dating techniques", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": "oid impact craters, which is never seen on Earth rocks", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "oid impact craters", + "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": "oid impact craters, which is never seen on Earth rocks", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": " September 2004", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": " September 2004", + "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": " September 2004", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": " manned lunar landings, NASA investigated several post-lunar applications for Apollo hardware. The Apollo Extension Series", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": " 30 flights to Earth orbit, using the space in the Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter", + "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": " 30 flights to Earth orbit, using the space in the Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter", + "5725ef6838643c19005acece": "The S-IVB orbital workshop", + "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": "The S-IVB orbital workshop", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": "The S-IVB orbital workshop", + "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": " February 8, 1974, and the station itself re-entered the atmosphere in 1979", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": " 15 Lunar Module blast crater while orbiting above the lunar surface", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "ENE probe observed evidence of the halo surrounding the Apollo 15 Lunar Module", + "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "ENE probe observed evidence of the halo surrounding the Apollo 15 Lunar Module", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": "The crew of Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "The crew of Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": "The crew of Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth", + "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": " 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth, and read from the creation story in the Book of Genesis", + "5725f239271a42140099d35d": " broadcast TV. This resulted in lunar footage that had to be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic telemetry tapes", + "5725f239271a42140099d35e": " telemetry tapes", + "5725f239271a42140099d35f": " broadcast TV. This resulted in lunar footage that had to be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic telemetry tapes", + "5725f239271a42140099d360": " broadcast TV. This resulted in lunar footage that had to be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic telemetry tapes", + "5725f239271a42140099d361": " broadcast TV. This resulted in lunar footage that had to be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic telemetry tapes", + "5725f39638643c19005acef7": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", + "5725f39638643c19005acef8": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", + "5725f39638643c19005acef9": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", + "5725f39638643c19005acefa": " random noise and camera shake without destroying historical legitimacy", + "5725f39638643c19005acefb": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": " a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": " a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": " a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725c28a271a42140099d150": " a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": " a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": " law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": " Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": " law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": " law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": " law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": " law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": " law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": " law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": " Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": " law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": " law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": " EU's primary constitutional sources are the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": " EU's primary constitutional sources are the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": " EU's primary constitutional sources are the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": " EU's primary constitutional sources are the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": " EU's primary constitutional sources are the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The primary law of the EU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "The primary law of the EU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "The primary law of the EU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "The primary law of the EU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "The primary law of the EU consists mainly of the founding treaties, the \"core\" treaties being the Treaty on European Union", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "The primary law of the EU consists mainly of the founding treaties, the \"core\" treaties being the Treaty on European Union", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "The primary law of the EU", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "The primary law of the EU", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "The primary law of the EU", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "57264865dd62a815002e8062": " Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", + "57264865dd62a815002e8063": " Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", + "57264865dd62a815002e8064": " Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", + "57264865dd62a815002e8065": " single constitutional document. However, as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57264865dd62a815002e8066": " Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": " single constitutional document. However, as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": " Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": " single constitutional document. However, as a result of the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": " Nice Treaty, there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": " Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": " Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states the Commission should \"promote the general interest of the Union\"", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": " Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states the Commission should \"promote the general interest of the Union\"", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "The European Commission", + "572691545951b619008f76e1": " Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states the Commission should \"promote the general interest of the Union\"", + "572691545951b619008f76e2": " Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states the Commission should \"promote the general interest of the Union\"", + "572691545951b619008f76e3": " Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states the Commission should \"promote the general interest of the Union\"", + "572691545951b619008f76e4": " Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states the Commission should \"promote the general interest of the Union\"", + "572691545951b619008f76e5": "The European Commission is the main executive body of the European Union", + "57264e455951b619008f6f65": " censured by Parliament in 1999", + "57264e455951b619008f6f66": " in 1999", + "57264e455951b619008f6f67": " in 1999", + "57264e455951b619008f6f68": " in 1999", + "57264e455951b619008f6f69": " in 1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f7709": " censured by Parliament in 1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f770a": " censured by Parliament in 1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f770b": " in 1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f770c": " in 1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f770d": " in 1999", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": " veto during the legislative process", + "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process", + "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": " European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process", + "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "The second main legislative body is the Council, which is composed of different ministers of the member states", + "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "The second main legislative body is the Council", + "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "The second main legislative body is the Council, which is composed of different ministers of the member states", + "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "The second main legislative body is the Council", + "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "The second main legislative body is the Council, which is composed of different ministers of the member states", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "The second main legislative body is the Council, which is composed of different ministers of the member states", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": " 15 defines as providing the 'necessary impetus for its development and shall define the general political directions and priorities'. It meets each six months and its President (", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": " main legislative body is the Council, which is composed of different ministers of the member states", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "The second main legislative body is the Council", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": " article 294", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": " TFEU article 294", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": " article 294", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": " the \"ordinary legislative procedure\"", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": " article 294", + "572695285951b619008f774b": " TFEU article 294", + "572695285951b619008f774c": " article 294", + "572695285951b619008f774d": " article 294", + "572695285951b619008f774e": " article 294", + "572658435951b619008f7025": "The judicial branch of the EU", + "572658435951b619008f7026": "The judicial branch of the EU", + "572658435951b619008f7027": "The judicial branch of the EU", + "572658435951b619008f7028": "The judicial branch of the EU", + "572658435951b619008f7029": " judicial branch of the EU", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "The judicial branch of the EU", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "The judicial branch of the EU", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "The judicial branch of the EU", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": " judicial branch of the EU", + "57265e455951b619008f70bb": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", + "57265e455951b619008f70bc": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", + "57265e455951b619008f70bd": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", + "5726975c708984140094cb1f": " national and globalising legal systems", + "5726975c708984140094cb20": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", + "5726975c708984140094cb21": " a body of law applicable both to their nationals and to themselves\"", + "572699db5951b619008f7799": " EU law takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties", + "572699db5951b619008f779a": " EU law takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties", + "572699db5951b619008f779b": " human rights", + "572699db5951b619008f779d": " EU law takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties", + "572699db5951b619008f779c": " EU law takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": " constitutional law concerns the European Union", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": " EU institutions", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": ". From the EU's foundation, the Court of Justice", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": ". From the EU's foundation, the Court of Justice", + "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "\". In Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belasting", + "57269bb8708984140094cb96": " EU laws give citizens standing to bring claims: that is, not all EU laws have \"direct effect\". In Van Gend en Loos", + "57269bb8708984140094cb97": " EU laws have \"direct effect\". In Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie", + "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "\". In Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": " Directives, but not from Directives themselves", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": " TFEU article 288 says Directives are addressed to the member states", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": ". In theory, this is because TFEU article 288 says Directives are addressed to the member states", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": " Generals persuasively argued that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": " laws, and a citizen may rely on the Directive in such an action", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": " laws, and a citizen may rely on the Directive in such an action", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": " laws", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": " laws, and a citizen may rely on the Directive in such an action", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": " laws", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "books (though not the Court itself) often called this \"indirect effect\". In Marleasing SA v La Comercial SA", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": " Marleasing SA v La Comercial SA", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": " (though not the Court itself) often called this \"indirect effect\". In Marleasing SA v La Comercial SA", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": " courts have a duty to interpret domestic law", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "The principles of European Union law are rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "The principles of European Union law are rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice", + "5726a09f708984140094cc39": " Union law by the European Court of Justice since the 1950s", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": " Union law by the European Court of Justice since the 1950s", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": " Union law by the European Court of Justice", + "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "The concept of legal certainty is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", + "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "The concept of legal certainty is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", + "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "The concept of legal certainty is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", + "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "The concept of legal certainty is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": " rights, as in human rights, were first recognised by the European Court of Justice in the late 60s", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": " Justice in the late 60s and fundamental rights are now regarded as integral part of the general principles of European Union law", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": " be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": " be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": " be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": " be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": " be prevented from violating human rights, hence the establishment of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": " Article 6(1) that \"The Union recognises the rights, freedoms and principles set out in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "The 2007 Lisbon Treaty", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": " Article 6(1) that \"The Union recognises the rights, freedoms and principles set out in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "The 2007 Lisbon Treaty", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "The Social Chapter", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989", + "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": " the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy, which allowed it to be included with minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a5525951b619008f78de": " minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a5525951b619008f78df": " UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy, which allowed it to be included with minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": " minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": " Agreement on Social Policy, which allowed it to be included with minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": " Competition law has its origins in the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) agreement between France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": " Competition law has its origins in the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) agreement between France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": " law has its origins in the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) agreement between France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": " law has its origins in the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) agreement between France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": " the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": " Article 101", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": " Regulation 139/2004/EC", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": " Article 101", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": " Article 101", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": " law in 2007, free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": " EU law in 2007, free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": " EU law in 2007, free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": " EU law in 2007, free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": " EU law in 2007, free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": " a customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": " goods within the European Union", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": " a customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": " goods within the European Union", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": " a customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": " goods neutrally, but may have a greater practical effect on imports than domestic products", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": " goods neutrally, but may have a greater practical effect on imports than domestic products", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": " goods neutrally, but may have a greater practical effect on imports than domestic products", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": " goods neutrally, but may have a greater practical effect on imports than domestic products", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": " a greater practical effect on imports than domestic products", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": " article 34, if they applied equally to all sellers", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": " article 34, if they applied equally to all sellers", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": " article 34", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": " article 34, if they applied equally to all sellers", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": " article 45 function as a specific expression of the general rights of citizens in TFEU articles 18 to 21", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": " article 45 function as a specific expression of the general rights of citizens in TFEU articles 18 to 21", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": " article 45 function as a specific expression of the general rights of citizens in TFEU articles 18 to 21", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": " article 45 function as a specific expression of the general rights of citizens in TFEU articles 18 to 21", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": " article 45 function as a specific expression of the general rights of citizens in TFEU articles 18 to 21", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7 set out the main provisions on equal treatment of workers", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": " articles 1 to 7", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": " articles 1 to 7", + "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": " Commission v Austria", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": " Commission v Austria", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": " Commission v Austria", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": " Commission v Austria", + "5726c002708984140094d073": " article 49", + "5726c002708984140094d074": " article 49, and \"freedom to provide services\" in article 56", + "5726c002708984140094d075": " article 49", + "5726c002708984140094d076": " article 49", + "5726c002708984140094d077": " article 49", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": " Commissioner Stavros Dimas", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": " law \u2013 something never done before. So far, the only other proposal has been the draft intellectual property rights directive", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": " law \u2013 something never done before. So far, the only other proposal has been the draft intellectual property rights directive", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "voire, from a European ship, prompted the Commission to look into legislation against toxic waste. Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas", + "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56 applies to people", + "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56", + "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56", + "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": " article 49", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": " article 49", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": " article 49", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": " article 49", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": " article 49", + "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "The Amazon rainforest", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "The Amazon rainforest", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "The Amazon rainforest", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "leaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin", + "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "\u2013Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent", + "5725be0f271a42140099d118": " a broad diversity of species", + "5725be0f271a42140099d119": " a broad diversity of species", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": " a broad diversity of species", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": " a broad diversity of species", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": " a broad diversity of species", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "\u2013Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": " a broad diversity of species", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": " a broad diversity of species", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": " a broad diversity of species", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": " a broad diversity of species", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": " a broad diversity of species", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": " a broad diversity of species", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": " a broad diversity of species", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": " a broad diversity of species", + "5725c071271a42140099d127": "Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent", + "5725c071271a42140099d128": " Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "5725c071271a42140099d129": "\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c071271a42140099d12a": " Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "5725c071271a42140099d12b": " Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent", + "57283d173acd2414000df790": " Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df791": " Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df792": " Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df793": " Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent", + "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": " Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": " Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "forest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": " Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": " Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "forest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": " Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "572841772ca10214002da1a6": " Last Glacial Maximum", + "572841772ca10214002da1a7": " Last Glacial Maximum", + "572841772ca10214002da1a8": " Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "572841772ca10214002da1a9": " Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": " Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "forest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": " Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": " Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": " Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years", + "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": " CALIPSO satellite", + "5725c63438643c19005acca0": " CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon", + "5725c63438643c19005acca1": " CALIPSO satellite", + "5725c63438643c19005acca2": " CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon", + "5725c63438643c19005acca3": " Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", + "5728455bff5b5019007da078": " CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon", + "5728455bff5b5019007da079": " CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": " Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": " Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": " Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": " CALIPSO satellite", + "5729ea263f37b319004785be": " CALIPSO satellite", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": " CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": " CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": " Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": ". Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": " Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": ". Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": " AD 1500", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": ". Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "ers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": ". Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "572847dd4b864d19001648be": " Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": " Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "ers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": ". Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": ". Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": " By 1900 the population had fallen to 1 million", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": " By 1900 the population had fallen to 1 million", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": " 1542", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": " 1542", + "5729edd56aef051400155112": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", + "5729edd56aef051400155113": " 1542", + "5729edd56aef051400155114": " 1542", + "5729edd56aef051400155115": " 1542", + "5729edd56aef051400155116": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": " Amazon forest", + "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", + "5729ef266aef05140015511d": " silviculture", + "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", + "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "ra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", + "5729ef266aef051400155120": " Amazon forest", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": " 40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": " 40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "843 invertebrate species in Brazil", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": " 40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "843 invertebrate species in Brazil", + "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "843 invertebrate species in Brazil", + "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "843 invertebrate species in Brazil", + "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "843 invertebrate species in Brazil", + "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "843 invertebrate species in Brazil", + "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": " rainforests", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": " rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. The average plant biomass is estimated at 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": " a quarter square kilometer (62 acres) of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100 tree species", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", + "5729f2646aef051400155130": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", + "5729f2646aef051400155131": " rainforest supports more than 1,100 tree species", + "5729f2646aef051400155132": " a quarter square kilometer (62 acres) of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100 tree species", + "5729f2646aef051400155133": " rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. The average plant biomass is estimated at 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", + "5729f2646aef051400155134": "The biodiversity of plant species is the highest on Earth", + "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "The rainforest contains several species that can pose a hazard", + "5729f3831d0469140077967c": " caiman, jaguar, cougar, and anaconda", + "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "The rainforest", + "5729f3831d0469140077967e": " rainforest", + "5729f3831d0469140077967f": ". Among the largest predatory creatures are the black caiman, jaguar, cougar, and anaconda", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas. The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon are human settlement and development", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas. The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon are human settlement and development", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas. The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon are human settlement and development", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas. The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon are human settlement and development", + "5729feaf6aef051400155188": " 587,000 square kilometres", + "5729feaf6aef051400155189": " 587,000 square kilometres", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": " 587,000 square kilometres", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "Between 1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": " 587,000 square kilometres", + "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "The needs of soy farmers", + "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "The needs of soy farmers", + "572a005f1d046914007796b9": " transportation projects that are currently developing in the Amazon. The first two highways successfully opened up the rainforest and led to increased settlement and deforestation", + "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "The needs of soy farmers", + "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "The needs of soy farmers", + "572a020f6aef051400155198": ".37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996", + "572a020f6aef051400155199": " Amazonian evergreen forests account for about 10% of the world's terrestrial primary productivity", + "572a020f6aef05140015519a": ".37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996", + "572a020f6aef05140015519b": ".37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996", + "572a020f6aef05140015519c": ".37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996", + "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": " basin climate change across many different models are not consistent in their estimation of any rainfall response, ranging from weak increases to strong decreases", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": " Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": " rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": " basin climate change across many different models are not consistent in their estimation of any rainfall response, ranging from weak increases to strong decreases", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": " computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": " indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": " Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": " indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear", + "572a064a3f37b31900478660": " indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear", + "572a064a3f37b31900478661": " indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear", + "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin", + "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon", + "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon", + "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon", + "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions, the classification of tree growth stages", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions, the classification of tree growth", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions", + "572a0b101d046914007796e9": " a second successive year of drought", + "572a0b101d046914007796eb": " a second successive year of drought", + "572a0b101d046914007796ec": " a second successive year of drought", + "572a0b101d046914007796ed": " a second successive year of drought", + "572a0b101d046914007796ea": " a second successive year of drought", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": " rainforest experienced another severe drought, in some ways more extreme than the 2005 drought. The affected region was approximate 1,160,000 square miles", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": " Amazon rainforest experienced another severe drought, in some ways more extreme than the 2005 drought. The affected region was approximate 1,160,000 square miles", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": " Amazon rainforest experienced another severe drought, in some ways more extreme than the 2005 drought", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": " rainforest experienced another severe drought, in some ways more extreme than the 2005 drought. The affected region was approximate 1,160,000 square miles", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": " a typical year the Amazon absorbs 1.5 gigatons of carbon dioxide", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": " \u2018combs\u2019", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": " \u2018combs\u2019", + "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": " \u2018combs\u2019", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": " \u2018combs\u2019", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": " a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": " a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": " \u2018combs\u2019", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": " \u2018combs\u2019", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": " \u2018combs\u2019", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": " \u2018combs\u2019", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": " a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": " a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": " animals that live in marine waters worldwide", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": " small crustaceans; the exceptions are juveniles of two species, which live as parasites", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": "Almost all ctenophores are predators", + "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": " ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day. Only 100\u2013150 species have been validated", + "5725c337271a42140099d163": "Almost all ctenophores are predators", + "5725c337271a42140099d164": " ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day. Only 100\u2013150 species have been validated", + "5725c337271a42140099d165": " ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day. Only 100\u2013150 species have been validated", + "5725c337271a42140099d166": " ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day. Only 100\u2013150 species have been validated", + "5725c337271a42140099d167": " small crustaceans; the exceptions are juveniles of two species, which live as parasites", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "Almost all ctenophores are predators", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": " ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day. Only 100\u2013150 species have been validated", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": " small crustaceans; the exceptions are juveniles of two species, which live as parasites", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": " ctenophores are predators, taking prey ranging from microscopic larvae and rotifers to the adults of small crustaceans", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": " ctenophores are predators", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": " Fertilization", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": " Fertilization", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": " fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": " Fertilization", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": " Fertilization", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": " a vital part of marine food chains", + "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": " ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse", + "5725c69738643c19005accb9": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", + "5725c69738643c19005accba": " ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse", + "5725c69738643c19005accbb": " a vital part of marine food chains", + "5725c69738643c19005accbc": " a vital part of marine food chains", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": " a vital part of marine food chains", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": " a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": " ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": " ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": " ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse", + "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "agerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "agerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "agerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "agerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "agerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "agerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "agerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "agerst\u00e4", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "ores form an animal", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": " animal phylum that is more complex than sponges", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": " animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "onges, about as complex as cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.), and less complex than bilaterians", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": " animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians", + "572646655951b619008f6ebf": " sponges, about as complex as cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones", + "572646655951b619008f6ec0": " animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians", + "572646655951b619008f6ec1": " animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians", + "572646655951b619008f6ec2": " animal phylum that is more complex than sponges", + "572646655951b619008f6ec3": " animal phylum that is more complex than sponges", + "572647d0708984140094c14b": " a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea in cnidarians", + "572647d0708984140094c14c": " a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea in cnidarians", + "572647d0708984140094c14d": " a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea in cnidarians", + "572647d0708984140094c14e": " a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea in cnidarians", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "colonial animals that use cilia (\"hairs\") as their main method of locomotion", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": " main method of locomotion", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "colonial animals that use cilia (\"hairs\") as their main method of locomotion", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": " main method of locomotion", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": " few species, ctenophores have a wide range of body plans. Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": " few species, ctenophores have a wide range of body plans. Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": " few species, ctenophores have a wide range of body plans. Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": " few species, ctenophores have a wide range of body plans. Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": " four branches round the sensory complex", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": " four branches round the sensory complex", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": " four branches round the sensory complex", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": " four branches round the sensory complex", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": " muscles", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "The outer surface bears usually eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": " comb rows, called swimming-plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": " comb rows, called swimming-plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": " comb rows, called swimming-plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "The outer surface bears usually eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "oglea to increase its bulk and decrease its density", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "settes in the body cavity may pump this into the mesoglea to increase its bulk and decrease its density", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": " Their body fluids are normally as concentrated as seawater", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "settes in the body cavity may pump this into the mesoglea to increase its bulk and decrease its density", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "oral organ (at the opposite end from the mouth). Its main component is a statocyst, a balance sensor", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": " main component is a statocyst, a balance sensor", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": " main component is a statocyst, a balance sensor", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "The largest single sensory feature", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": " a statocyst, a balance sensor", + "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "tenophores", + "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "tenophores", + "57265746dd62a815002e821a": " Pleurobrachia, sometimes has an egg-shaped body", + "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "ydippid ctenophores", + "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "tenophores", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": " tentacles without these sidebranches", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "id ctenophores", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", + "572659ea5951b619008f7051": " eight rows of combs", + "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "ronal rhythm rather like that of a Mexican wave", + "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "ronal rhythm rather like that of a Mexican wave", + "572659ea5951b619008f7054": " statocyst a ciliary groove runs out under the dome", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": " muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "The Lobata", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "The Lobata", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "es, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": " muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": " eight comb-rows", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": " eight comb-rows", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": " eight comb-rows, originating at the aboral pole", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": " eight comb-rows", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "The Beroida, also known as Nuda, have no feeding appendages", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": " no feeding appendages", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "The Beroida", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": " appendages", + "57265e97708984140094c3c3": " comb-rows. There are two known species, with worldwide distribution in warm, and warm-temperate waters: Cestum veneris", + "57265e97708984140094c3c6": " comb-rows. There are two known species, with worldwide distribution in warm, and warm-temperate waters: Cestum veneris", + "57265e97708984140094c3c4": " comb-rows. There are two known species, with worldwide distribution in warm, and warm-temperate waters: Cestum veneris", + "57265e97708984140094c3c5": " comb-rows. There are two known species, with worldwide distribution in warm, and warm-temperate waters: Cestum veneris", + "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "The Cestida", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": " oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": " oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": " oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": " oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", + "572683075951b619008f7513": " comb rows, and eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis. Fertilization", + "572683075951b619008f7514": "Almost all species are hermaphrodites", + "572683075951b619008f7515": "emiopsis", + "572683075951b619008f7516": " comb rows, and eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis. Fertilization", + "572683075951b619008f7517": " comb rows, and eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis. Fertilization", + "572684365951b619008f753f": " the fertilized eggs", + "572684365951b619008f7540": "acle sheaths", + "572684365951b619008f7541": " larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", + "572684365951b619008f7542": "Development of the fertilized eggs", + "572684365951b619008f7543": "Development of the fertilized eggs", + "572686fc708984140094c8e5": " luminescence is diffused over their bodies. Detailed statistical investigation has not suggested the function of ctenophores' bioluminescence", + "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "hamphaea vexilligera, are disturbed, they produce secretions (ink)", + "572686fc708984140094c8e7": " luminescence is diffused over their bodies. Detailed statistical investigation has not suggested the function of ctenophores' bioluminescence", + "572686fc708984140094c8e8": " luminescence is diffused over their bodies. Detailed statistical investigation has not suggested the function of ctenophores' bioluminescence", + "5726887e708984140094c917": " ctenophores are predators \u2013 there are no vegetarians", + "5726887e708984140094c918": "arians", + "5726887e708984140094c919": "arians", + "5726887e708984140094c91a": " no vegetarians", + "5726887e708984140094c91b": "arians", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": " marine food chains because it was thought their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water made them a poor diet for other animals", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": " marine food chains", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": " marine food chains", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": " marine food chains", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": " ctenophores and jellyfish often have large seasonal variations in population, most fish that prey on them are generalists", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": " Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": " Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": " Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": " Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": " Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "agerst\u00e4", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "ager", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "agerst\u00e4", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "ager", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "agerst\u00e4", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China's Chengjiang lager", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China's Chengjiang lager", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China's Chengjiang lager", + "57269016708984140094ca41": "The relationship of ctenophores to the rest of Metazoa is very important to our understanding of the early evolution of animals", + "57269016708984140094ca42": "The relationship of ctenophores to the rest of Metazoa", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": " tentacles. Richard Harbison", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "dippids are not monophyletic, in other words do not contain all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor", + "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "dippids are not monophyletic, in other words do not contain all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor", + "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "dippids are not monophyletic", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": " a city in the U.S. state of California. As of 2015, the city's population was 520,159", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": " a city in the U.S. state of California. As of 2015, the city's population was 520,159", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": ".S. state of California. As of 2015, the city's population was 520,159, making it the fifth-largest city in California", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": ".S. state of California. As of 2015, the city's population was 520,159", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": ".S. state of California. As of 2015, the city's population was 520,159", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": " 1885", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": " 1885", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": " 1885", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": " 1885", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": " 1885", + "5725d183271a42140099d23d": " In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white", + "5725d183271a42140099d23e": " In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white", + "5725d183271a42140099d23f": " In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white", + "5725d183271a42140099d240": " In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white", + "5725d183271a42140099d241": " In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": " cardholders to revolve a balance (", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": " In 1976, BankAmericard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa Inc", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": " cardholders to revolve a balance (earlier financial products could do one or the other but not both). In 1976, Bank", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": " cardholders to revolve a balance (", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": " In 1976, BankAmericard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa Inc", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "oree\" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "oree\" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "oree\" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "oree\" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "oree\" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": " parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": " public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": " public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": " public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": " parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": " Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": " Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": " Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": " Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": " financial and commercial district before being converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls in 1964", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": " financial and commercial district before being converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls in 1964", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": " financial and commercial district before being converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls in 1964", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "ulton Street in Downtown Fresno was Fresno's main financial and commercial district before being converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls in 1964", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": " financial and commercial district before being converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls in 1964", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": " major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": " major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "The neighborhood of Sunnyside", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": " major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": " major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "The popular neighborhood known as the Tower District is centered around the historic Tower Theatre, which is included on the National List of Historic Places", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": " National List of Historic Places", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": " neighborhood known as the Tower District is centered around the historic Tower Theatre, which is included on the National List of Historic Places", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "The popular neighborhood known as the Tower District is centered around the historic Tower Theatre, which is included on the National List of Historic Places", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "The popular neighborhood known as the Tower District is centered around the historic Tower Theatre, which is included on the National List of Historic Places", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": " Dinner Theater", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": " Players", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": " retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": " Players", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": " retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": " circa 1910", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": " Tract, as the land would become known, was mapped by William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": " circa 1910", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": " circa 1910", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": " circa 1910", + "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno", + "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney", + "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney", + "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney", + "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney", + "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": " public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": " public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": " public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": " public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": " public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": " Highway 41 and Friant Road", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": " Highway 41 and Friant Road", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": " (", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": " (35 km", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": ".2 km2). Now packed with amenities, Woodward Park is the only Regional Park of its size in the Central Valley", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": " neighborhood that spawned interest and similar communities nationwide", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": " neighborhood that spawned interest and similar communities nationwide", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": " neighborhood that spawned interest and similar communities nationwide", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": " neighborhood that spawned interest and similar communities nationwide", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": " neighborhood that spawned interest and similar communities nationwide", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": " Mediterranean characteristics. December and January are the coldest months, and average around 46.", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": " Mediterranean characteristics. December", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "Sh), with mild, moist winters and hot and dry summers", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "Sh), with mild, moist winters and hot and dry summers", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "Sh), with mild, moist winters and hot and dry summers", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": " January 6, 1913", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": " July 8, 1905", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": " July 8", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": " July 8, 1905", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": " June 1 thru September 13", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": " (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 232", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "547", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": " 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": " 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": " 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": " were 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "097.9 people per square mile (", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "097.9 people per square mile", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "097.9 people per square mile", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": " census of 2000, there were 427,652 people, 140,079 households", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "097.9 people per square mile", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": " June 1, 1953", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": " June 1, 1953", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": " June 1, 1953", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": " June 1, 1953", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": " June 1, 1953", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": " Route 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": " 99", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": " 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": " 99", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": " 5", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": " 5", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": " 5", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": " 5", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "enger rail service is provided by Amtrak", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "enger rail service is provided by Amtrak", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "enger rail service is provided by Amtrak", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "olerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": " network implementers until the independent work of Donald Davies", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "olerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "olerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "olerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "olerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "olerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages as part of a research program at the RAND Corporation", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": " fee", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": " communication session", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": " circuit switching", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": " circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": " fee", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": " circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": " circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": " nodes (packet switches", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": " forwarding nodes", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "et switches", + "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": " nodes (packet switches", + "5726356938643c19005ad300": " forwarding nodes", + "5726356938643c19005ad301": "acket mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches", + "5726249538643c19005ad07f": " of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964", + "5726249538643c19005ad080": " of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964", + "5726249538643c19005ad081": " of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964", + "5726249538643c19005ad082": " of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": " of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": " of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": " of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": " of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", + "5726378238643c19005ad313": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", + "5726378238643c19005ad314": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", + "5726378238643c19005ad315": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", + "5726385e271a42140099d797": " individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address", + "5726385e271a42140099d798": " individually", + "5726385e271a42140099d799": " individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address", + "5726385e271a42140099d79a": " individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "Connection-oriented transmission", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "Connection-oriented transmission requires a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication. The packets include a connection identifier", + "5726398589a1e219009ac589": " setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", + "5726398589a1e219009ac588": " setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", + "57263b1638643c19005ad333": " handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted", + "57263b1638643c19005ad335": " Relay does it at level two, the data link layer", + "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "-oriented operations. But X.25 does it at the network layer of the OS", + "57263b1638643c19005ad336": " operations. But X.25 does it at the network layer", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": " HLN became operational in 1969", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "agram system, the hosts have the responsibility to ensure orderly delivery of packets. The User Datagram Protocol", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "ET and SITA HLN became operational in 1969", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "ITA HLN became operational in 1969", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "Talk was a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. in 1985", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "The CYCLADES packet switching network", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "The CYCLADES packet switching network", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "agrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "The CYCLADES packet switching network", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": " Digital Equipment Corporation", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": " Digital Equipment Corporation", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": " Digital Equipment Corporation", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": " Digital Equipment Corporation", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": " four computer sales and service centers", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": " four computer sales and service centers (", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": " four computer sales and service centers", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": " four computer sales and service centers (Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix)", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": " public universities, was formed in 1966", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": " public universities, was formed in 1966", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": " public universities, was formed in 1966", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": " AT&T in buying the technology, but the monopoly's reaction was that this was incompatible with their future. Bolt, Beranack and Newman (", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "enet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": " AT&T in buying the technology, but the monopoly's reaction was that this was incompatible with their future. Bolt, Beranack and Newman (", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "enet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "enet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": " government agencies", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": " host computers (servers)at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": " government agencies", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": " public network that supported dial-up users", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": " host computers (servers)at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies", + "572643de5951261400b5195a": "ENET and TYMNET were modified to provide a X.25 host interface", + "572643de5951261400b5195b": "25 networks", + "572643de5951261400b5195c": " Deutsche Bundespost. X.75 and X", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": " public X.25 network operated by Telstra. Started by Telecom Australia", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": " public X.25", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": " public X.25 network operated by Telstra. Started by Telecom Australia", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": " public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": " public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": " public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": " public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", + "5726462b708984140094c117": " U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981", + "5726462b708984140094c118": "CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981", + "5726462b708984140094c119": " operation in 1981", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "Rail (NLR) project", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": " The Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene, in 1998", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": " Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene, in 1998", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Rail (NLR) project. In 2006, Internet2 announced a partnership with Level 3 Communications", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": " Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene, in 1998", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation", + "572648d1708984140094c15d": "45 Mbit/s), OC-3c (155 Mbit/s), and OC-12c", + "572648d1708984140094c15e": "45 Mbit/s), OC-3c (155 Mbit/s), and OC-12c", + "572648d1708984140094c15f": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", + "572648d1708984140094c160": " Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", + "572648d1708984140094c161": " Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", + "57264684708984140094c123": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia", + "57264684708984140094c124": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia", + "57264684708984140094c125": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia", + "57264684708984140094c126": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia", + "57264684708984140094c127": " rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean", + "572647935951b619008f6ec9": " ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda", + "572647935951b619008f6eca": " ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda", + "572647935951b619008f6ecb": " ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda", + "572647935951b619008f6ecc": " ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda", + "572647935951b619008f6ecd": " ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": " 1347", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": " 1347", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": " 1347", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": " 1347. After a protracted siege, during which the Mongol army under Jani Beg was suffering from the disease", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": " 1347. After a protracted siege, during which the Mongol army under Jani Beg was suffering from the disease", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": " June 1348", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": " northwest across Europe, striking France, Spain, Portugal and England by June 1348", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": " June 1348", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": " northwest across Europe, striking France, Spain, Portugal and England by June 1348", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": " June 1348", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures", + "57264a74708984140094c18b": " 1823", + "57264a74708984140094c18c": "1908)", + "57264a74708984140094c18d": " 1823", + "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1908)", + "57264a74708984140094c18f": "1908", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": " 1894", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": " 1894", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "The dominant explanation for the Black Death", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "The dominant explanation for the Black Death is the plague theory, which attributes the outbreak to Yersinia pestis", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": " a human epidemic", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "\u201341 \u00b0C", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "\u201341 \u00b0C", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": " The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30\u201375%", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "\u201341 \u00b0C", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "\u201341 \u00b0C", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": " Pathogens published a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": " November 1347", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": " November 1347", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": " November 1347", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": " November 1347", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": " November 1347", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": " A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": " Smithfield burial site in England", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": " Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence derived from Black Death victims in the East Smithfield burial site in England", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": ". F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726516a708984140094c223": " 1377", + "5726516a708984140094c224": " 1377", + "5726516a708984140094c225": " 1377", + "5726516a708984140094c226": " 1377", + "5726516a708984140094c227": " 1377", + "57265285708984140094c25b": " a bubonic plague pandemic", + "57265285708984140094c25c": " a bubonic plague pandemic", + "57265285708984140094c25d": " a bubonic plague pandemic", + "57265285708984140094c25e": " a bubonic plague pandemic", + "57265285708984140094c25f": " goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere", + "5726534d708984140094c26d": " pest", + "5726534d708984140094c26e": "A variety of alternatives to the Y. pestis", + "5726534d708984140094c26f": "A variety of alternatives to the Y. pestis have been put forward", + "5726534d708984140094c270": " Public Health England announced the results of an examination of 25 bodies exhumed from the Clerkenwell area", + "5726534d708984140094c271": " Public Health England announced the results of an examination of 25 bodies exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": " a third. The Black Death killed about 40% of Egypt's population", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": " 1351", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": " 1351", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": " a third. The Black Death killed about 40% of Egypt's population", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": " a third. The Black Death killed about 40% of Egypt's population", + "572654e2708984140094c2b7": " 1464\u201366; 1481\u201385; 1500\u201303", + "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean throughout the 14th to 17th centuries. According to Biraben", + "572654e2708984140094c2b9": " 1464\u201366; 1481\u201385; 1500\u201303", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": " By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": " By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England", + "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": " By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out", + "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": " 1665", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": " 1576\u2013", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": " 1576\u201377 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": " 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": " 1576\u201377", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": " 1576\u2013", + "57265700dd62a815002e820e": " 1720", + "57265700dd62a815002e820f": " 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville by half", + "57265700dd62a815002e8210": " 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville by half", + "57265700dd62a815002e8211": " 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville by half", + "57265700dd62a815002e8212": " 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville by half", + "5726577f708984140094c301": "The Black Death", + "5726577f708984140094c302": "The Black Death", + "5726577f708984140094c303": " 1701 and 1750, thirty-seven larger and smaller epidemics were recorded in Constantinople", + "5726577f708984140094c304": " 1701 and 1750, thirty-seven larger and smaller epidemics were recorded in Constantinople, and an additional thirty-one between 1751", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": " lithified into a sedimentary rock", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": " lithified into a sedimentary rock", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": " lithified into a sedimentary rock", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": " lithified into a sedimentary rock", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": " lithified into a sedimentary rock", + "57265d08708984140094c397": " tectonics", + "57265d08708984140094c398": " tectonics", + "57265d08708984140094c399": " tectonics", + "57265d08708984140094c39a": " plate tectonics", + "57265d08708984140094c39b": " tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle, which is called the asthenosphere", + "57265f605951b619008f70db": " plate tectonics", + "57265f605951b619008f70dc": " plate tectonics", + "57265f605951b619008f70dd": " plate tectonics", + "57265f605951b619008f70de": " plate tectonics", + "57265f605951b619008f70df": " plate tectonics", + "57266193dd62a815002e832a": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", + "57266193dd62a815002e832b": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", + "57266193dd62a815002e832d": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", + "57266193dd62a815002e832e": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", + "57266193dd62a815002e832c": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "The following four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "The following four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "The following four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "The following four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth", + "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships pertains to the formation of faults", + "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships pertains to the formation of faults", + "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships pertains to the formation of faults", + "572665ff708984140094c4c6": " thrust fault", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "The principle of inclusions and components", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "The principle of inclusions and components", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "The principle of inclusions and components", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "The principle of inclusions and components", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "The principle of inclusions and components", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": " a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William Smith", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": " a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William Smith", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": " a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William Smith", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": " a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William Smith", + "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": " a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William Smith", + "57266c015951b619008f7237": " radioactive isotopes", + "57266c015951b619008f7238": " radioactive isotopes", + "57266c015951b619008f7239": " radioactive isotopes", + "57266c015951b619008f723a": " the understanding of geologic time. Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock", + "57266c015951b619008f723b": " radioactive isotopes", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": " isotopes", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": " minerals", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": " isotopes", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": " layers found within a stratigraphic sequence can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units which do not contain radioactive isotopes", + "5726701add62a815002e84c8": " thrust faults form, which cause deeper rock to move on top of shallower rock", + "5726701add62a815002e84c9": " faulting and folding", + "5726701add62a815002e84ca": " rock units are placed under horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker. Because rock units, other than mud", + "5726701add62a815002e84cb": " rock units are placed under horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker. Because rock units, other than mud", + "5726701add62a815002e84cc": " anticlines and synclines", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": " faulting and through the ductile stretching and thinning. Normal faults drop rock units", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": " rock units that are higher below those that are lower. This typically results in younger units being placed below older units", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": " rock units that are higher below those that are lower. This typically results in younger units being placed below older units", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": " units that are higher below those that are lower. This typically results in younger units being placed below older units", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": " units that are higher below those that are lower. This typically results in younger units being placed below older units", + "572673f5708984140094c69b": "The addition of new rock units", + "572673f5708984140094c69c": "The addition of new rock units", + "572673f5708984140094c69d": "The addition of new rock units", + "572673f5708984140094c69e": "The addition of new rock units", + "572673f5708984140094c69f": "The addition of new rock units", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment, and do not necessarily occur in a single order", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment, and do not necessarily occur in a single order. The Hawaiian Islands", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment, and do not necessarily occur in a single order. The Hawaiian Islands", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": ". The Hawaiian Islands", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": ". The Hawaiian Islands", + "572677e7708984140094c723": "ologists use a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", + "572677e7708984140094c724": " field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", + "572677e7708984140094c725": " field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", + "572677e7708984140094c726": " field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": " rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": " rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": " rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": " Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": " rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": " extrapolated to the field to understand metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": " extrapolated to the field to understand metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": " fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", + "57267d52708984140094c7d9": " crystalline structure of the rocks", + "57267d52708984140094c7da": " rock deformation in large and small settings", + "57267d52708984140094c7db": " rock deformation in large and small settings", + "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "ologists use microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": " faulting and the growth of a critically tapered (all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": " plate boundaries", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": " plate boundaries", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": " tapered (all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": " plate boundaries", + "57268066708984140094c821": "raphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", + "57268066708984140094c822": " three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", + "57268066708984140094c823": " three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", + "57268066708984140094c824": "raphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", + "57268066708984140094c825": "raphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": " rock samples from outcrop and drill cores", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "ostratigraphers analyze rock samples from outcrop and drill cores", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": " units within the drill cores", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": " Magnetic stratigraphers look for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within the drill cores", + "572683f95951b619008f7525": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia", + "572683f95951b619008f7526": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia", + "572683f95951b619008f7527": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia", + "572683f95951b619008f7528": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia", + "572683f95951b619008f7529": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia", + "57268527708984140094c8bf": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth", + "57268527708984140094c8c0": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", + "57268527708984140094c8c1": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", + "57268527708984140094c8c2": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", + "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": " 1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": " 1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": " 1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": " 1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": " 1809", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": " 1830. This book, which influenced the thought of Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": " in 1830. This book, which influenced the thought of Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": " in 1830. This book, which influenced the thought of Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": " in 1830. This book, which influenced the thought of Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": " in 1830. This book, which influenced the thought of Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism", + "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "\u02ccp\u0259n \u02c8ta\u026an/), commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear", + "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "\u02ccp\u0259n \u02c8ta\u026an/), commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear", + "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "\u02d0k", + "5726642f5951b619008f715a": " a city in Tyne and Wear", + "5726642f5951b619008f715b": " a city in Tyne and Wear", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": "The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": "The city", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror", + "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius and was named after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": " Wall", + "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": " charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": " 1589", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": " charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": " charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589", + "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": " charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside, giving a monopoly in the coal trade", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": " 1538", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle", + "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal from Tyneside to Newcastle", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": " 1636, it is roughly estimated with evidence held by the Society of Antiquaries that 47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": " 1630s about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": " 1630s about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": " 1636, it is roughly estimated with evidence held by the Society of Antiquaries that 47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic", + "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": " 1636, it is roughly estimated with evidence held by the Society of Antiquaries that 47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": " 1646\u20137", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": " 1646\u20137", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": " 1646\u20137", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": " 1646\u20137", + "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": " 1646\u20137", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": " 1842", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "building and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": " 1842", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": " 1842", + "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": " 1842", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": " medieval street layout", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": "airs from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre and the extant Castle Keep, originally recorded in the 14th century", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": "airs from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre and the extant Castle Keep, originally recorded in the 14th century, remain intact", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "airs from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre and the extant Castle Keep, originally recorded in the 14th century", + "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "airs from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre and the extant Castle Keep, originally recorded in the 14th century", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": " Grainger and John Dobson, and recently extensively restored. Broadcaster and writer Stuart Maconie", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "The city has an extensive neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": "The city has an extensive neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": "The city has an extensive neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson", + "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": " Grainger and John Dobson, and recently extensively restored. Broadcaster and writer Stuart Maconie", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": " Hyde Park and Hampstead Heath put together and the freemen of the city have the right to graze cattle on it", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": " green space in Newcastle", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": " green space in Newcastle", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": " Shearer, the late Nelson Mandela and the Royal Shakespeare Company. The Hoppings funfair, said to be the largest travelling funfair in Europe", + "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": " Geldof, King Harald V of Norway, Bobby Robson, Alan Shearer, the late Nelson Mandela and the Royal Shakespeare Company", + "57267076708984140094c601": " bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", + "57267076708984140094c602": " bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", + "57267076708984140094c603": " Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", + "57267076708984140094c604": " bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", + "57267076708984140094c605": " bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", + "572671165951b619008f72b7": " 1835", + "572671165951b619008f72b8": "The historic heart of Newcastle is the Grainger Town area. Established on classical streets built by Richard Grainger", + "572671165951b619008f72b9": "The historic heart of Newcastle is the Grainger Town area. Established on classical streets built by Richard Grainger", + "572671165951b619008f72ba": "The historic heart of Newcastle is the Grainger Town area. Established on classical streets built by Richard Grainger", + "572671e55951b619008f72d7": " 1808 called the Butcher Market", + "572671e55951b619008f72d8": " 1808 called the Butcher Market. The Grainger Market itself, was opened in 1835", + "572671e55951b619008f72d9": " 1808 called the Butcher Market. The Grainger Market itself, was opened in 1835", + "572671e55951b619008f72da": " 1808 called the Butcher Market. The Grainger Market itself, was opened in 1835", + "572671e55951b619008f72db": " 1808 called the Butcher Market", + "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "The climate in Newcastle is oceanic (K\u00f6ppen Cfb) and significantly milder than some other locations in the world at a similar latitude", + "57267383dd62a815002e8553": " Atlantic Drift). Being in the rain shadow of the North Pennines, it is among the driest cities in the UK", + "57267383dd62a815002e8554": " Atlantic Drift). Being in the rain shadow of the North Pennines, it is among the driest cities in the UK", + "57267383dd62a815002e8555": " Atlantic Drift). Being in the rain shadow of the North Pennines, it is among the driest cities in the UK", + "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "The climate in Newcastle is oceanic (K\u00f6ppen Cfb) and significantly milder than some other locations in the world at a similar latitude", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": " 1838", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": " 1838", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": " 1838", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": " 1838", + "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": " 1838", + "5726769c708984140094c711": "Other shopping destinations in Newcastle", + "5726769c708984140094c712": "Other shopping destinations in Newcastle", + "5726769c708984140094c713": " Tesco store in the United Kingdom", + "5726769c708984140094c714": "Other shopping destinations in Newcastle", + "5726769c708984140094c715": " Grey's Monument, the relatively modern Eldon Garden and Monument Mall", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": "The Tyneside flat was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "The Tyneside flat was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "The Tyneside flat", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "The Tyneside flat", + "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "The Tyneside flat", + "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": "to 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", + "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": ".8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": " 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": " five colour-coded brackets", + "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": "to 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", + "572679c35951b619008f73db": " metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics", + "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000", + "572679c35951b619008f73dd": " metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics", + "572679c35951b619008f73de": " metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics", + "572679c35951b619008f73df": " around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": " Border Reiver surnames", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": " Border Reiver surnames", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": " Border Reiver", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": " Border Reiver surnames", + "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": " Border Reiver surnames", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": " Geordie, and contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive word pronunciations not used in other parts of the United Kingdom", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie, and contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive word pronunciations", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "unciations not used in other parts of the United Kingdom", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie, and contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive word pronunciations", + "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie, and contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive word pronunciations", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": " Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": " Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": " Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": " Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", + "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "hyem\", meaning \"child\" and \"home\", respectively, are examples of Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", + "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": "isiest city in the whole of the UK", + "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": " Ear Institute at the University College London", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": "isiest city in the whole of the UK", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": " Ear Institute at the University College London, and Widex, a Danish hearing aid manufacturer", + "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": "isiest city in the whole of the UK", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", + "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", + "57267f695951b619008f74bd": " 1788", + "57267f695951b619008f74be": " 1788", + "57267f695951b619008f74bf": " 1788", + "57267f695951b619008f74c0": " 1788", + "57267f695951b619008f74c1": " 1788", + "5726800add62a815002e8750": " 1837", + "5726800add62a815002e8751": " 1837", + "5726800add62a815002e8752": " 1837", + "5726800add62a815002e8753": " 1837", + "5726800add62a815002e8754": " 1837", + "572680865951b619008f74e7": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", + "572680865951b619008f74e8": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", + "572680865951b619008f74e9": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", + "572680865951b619008f74ea": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", + "572680865951b619008f74eb": " 1825", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": " Beer Festival, organized by CAMRA, takes place in April. In May, Newcastle and Gateshead host the Evolution Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": " April. In May, Newcastle and Gateshead host the Evolution Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": " April. In May, Newcastle and Gateshead host the Evolution Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": " Newcastle Beer Festival", + "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": " April. In May, Newcastle and Gateshead host the Evolution Festival", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": " Community Green Festival", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": " Community Green Festival", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": " Community Green Festival", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": " Community Green Festival", + "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": " Community Green Festival", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": " Fair", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": " held on the late August bank holiday weekend", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": "ateshead also holds an annual International Arts Fair", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "castle Mela, held on the late August bank holiday weekend", + "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "ates", + "5726847f708984140094c8ab": " a folk-rock group with a strong Tyneside connection", + "5726847f708984140094c8ac": " Tyneside connection", + "5726847f708984140094c8ad": " Tyneside connection", + "5726847f708984140094c8ae": " Tyneside connection", + "5726847f708984140094c8af": " a folk-rock group with a strong Tyneside connection", + "57268525dd62a815002e8806": " November 2006 and May 2008", + "57268525dd62a815002e8807": " November 2006 and May 2008", + "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished between November 2006 and May 2008", + "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "The Pilgrim Street building", + "57268525dd62a815002e880a": " November 2006 and May 2008", + "57268692dd62a815002e8826": " museums and galleries in Newcastle", + "57268692dd62a815002e8827": " Newcastle", + "57268692dd62a815002e8828": " museums and galleries in Newcastle", + "57268692dd62a815002e8829": " Newcastle, including the Centre for Life with its Science Village", + "57268692dd62a815002e882a": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "The earliest known movie featuring some exterior scenes filmed in the city is On the Night of the Fire (1939", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": "The earliest known movie featuring some exterior scenes filmed in the city is On the Night of the Fire (1939", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "The earliest known movie featuring some exterior scenes filmed in the city is On the Night of the Fire (1939", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "1939", + "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "The earliest known movie featuring some exterior scenes filmed in the city is On the Night of the Fire (1939", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": "Newcastle has a horse racing course at Gosforth Park. The city is also home to the Newcastle Eagles basketball team", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": " horse racing course at Gosforth Park. The city is also home to the Newcastle Eagles basketball team", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": " horse racing course at Gosforth Park. The city is also home to the Newcastle Eagles basketball team", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": " horse racing course at Gosforth Park. The city is also home to the Newcastle Eagles basketball team", + "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": " horse racing course at Gosforth Park. The city is also home to the Newcastle Eagles basketball team", + "57268885dd62a815002e886a": " over five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK", + "57268885dd62a815002e886b": " over five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK", + "57268885dd62a815002e886c": " over five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK", + "57268885dd62a815002e886d": " over five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK", + "57268885dd62a815002e886e": " over five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK", + "572689385951b619008f761b": " public portico. The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK", + "572689385951b619008f761c": " public portico. The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK", + "572689385951b619008f761d": " public portico. The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK", + "572689385951b619008f761e": " public portico. The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK. Opened in 1850", + "572689385951b619008f761f": " public portico. The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK. Opened in 1850", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": " Durham, Darlington, York, Doncaster, Newark North Gate and Peterborough", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": " Durham, Darlington, York, Doncaster, Newark North Gate and Peterborough", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": " Durham, Darlington, York, Doncaster, Newark North Gate and Peterborough", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": " Durham, Darlington, York, Doncaster, Newark North Gate and Peterborough", + "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": " Durham, Darlington, York, Doncaster, Newark North Gate and Peterborough", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "The city is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": " opened in 1991", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": " Metro, a system of suburban and underground railways covering much of Tyne and Wear. It was opened in five phases between 1980 and 1984", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": " bridge was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1981", + "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": " five phases between 1980 and 1984, and was Britain's first urban light rail transit system; two extensions were opened in 1991", + "57268bb25951b619008f7645": " ticket machines", + "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization, entitled 'Metro: All Change", + "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization, entitled 'Metro: All Change", + "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization, entitled 'Metro: All Change", + "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization, entitled 'Metro: All Change", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": " roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London", + "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": " A696, which becomes the A68 heads past Newcastle Airport and up through central Northumberland and central Scottish Borders", + "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": " roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": " roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London", + "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": " A696, which becomes the A68 heads past Newcastle Airport and up through central Northumberland and central Scottish Borders", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": " bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", + "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", + "57269120708984140094ca59": " National Cycling strategy, Newcastle first developed its cycling strategy in 1998", + "57269120708984140094ca5a": " cycling strategy in 1998", + "57269120708984140094ca5b": " cycling strategy in 1998", + "57269120708984140094ca5c": " first developed its cycling strategy in 1998", + "57269120708984140094ca5d": " innovating and implementing contraflows on one way streets", + "5726934f5951b619008f771d": " ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden", + "5726934f5951b619008f771e": " Ferry Terminal, at North Shields, Danish DFDS", + "5726934f5951b619008f771f": " Ferry Terminal, at North Shields, Danish DFDS", + "5726934f5951b619008f7720": " ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden, ceased at the end of October 2006", + "5726934f5951b619008f7721": " Ferry Terminal, at North Shields, Danish DFDS", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": " eleven LEA-funded 11 to 18 schools and seven independent schools with sixth forms in Newcastle", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": " 11 to 18 schools and seven independent schools with sixth forms in Newcastle", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": " 11 to 18 schools and seven independent schools with sixth forms in Newcastle", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": " 11 to 18 schools and seven independent schools with sixth forms in Newcastle", + "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": " 11 to 18 schools and seven independent schools with sixth forms in Newcastle", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": " 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": " 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": " 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": " 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963", + "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": " 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963", + "572699b55951b619008f778f": " cathedrals began their lives as parish churches. St Mary's became a cathedral in 1850", + "572699b55951b619008f7790": "Newcastle has three cathedrals, the Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474", + "572699b55951b619008f7791": " cathedrals began their lives as parish churches. St Mary's became a cathedral in 1850", + "572699b55951b619008f7792": "Newcastle has three cathedrals, the Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474", + "572699b55951b619008f7793": " cathedrals began their lives as parish churches. St Mary's became a cathedral in 1850", + "57269b165951b619008f77b3": " 1726", + "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "The Parish Church of St Andrew", + "57269b165951b619008f77b5": " 1726", + "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "The Parish Church", + "57269b165951b619008f77b7": "The Parish Church of St Andrew", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": " January 1959", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": " January 1959", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": " Tyne Tees", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": " Tyne Tees", + "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": " Tyne Tees", + "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm launched on 8 June 2007", + "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "NE1fm launched on 8 June 2007", + "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "NE1fm launched on 8 June 2007", + "57269d745951b619008f77da": "NE1fm launched on 8 June 2007", + "57269d745951b619008f77db": "NE1fm launched on 8 June 2007", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": " 1770. Basil Hume, Archbishop of Westminster", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": " 1770", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": " 1770. Basil Hume, Archbishop of Westminster", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": " 1770. Basil Hume, Archbishop of Westminster", + "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": " 1770", + "57269fab5951b619008f7807": "icians Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler, Alan Hull, Cheryl Cole and Neil Tennant", + "57269fab5951b619008f7808": " Knopfler, Alan Hull, Cheryl Cole and Neil Tennant", + "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "icians Eric Burdon, Sting", + "57269fab5951b619008f780a": " Knopfler, Alan Hull, Cheryl Cole and Neil Tennant", + "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "icians Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler, Alan Hull, Cheryl Cole and Neil Tennant", + "5726710b708984140094c61d": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "5726710b708984140094c61e": "The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A), London", + "5726710b708984140094c61f": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "5726710b708984140094c620": " 1852", + "572680ac708984140094c83d": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "572680ac708984140094c83e": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "572680ac708984140094c83f": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria", + "572680ac708984140094c840": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", + "572680ac708984140094c841": " 1852", + "57268294708984140094c877": " 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries", + "57268294708984140094c878": " 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries", + "57268294708984140094c879": " 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries", + "57268294708984140094c87a": " 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries", + "57268294708984140094c87b": " 5,000 years of art, from ancient times to the present day, from the cultures of Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa", + "572685cd5951b619008f7573": " 1851", + "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "The V&A has its origins in the Great Exhibition of 1851", + "572685cd5951b619008f7575": " 1851", + "572685cd5951b619008f7576": " 1851", + "572685cd5951b619008f7577": " 1851", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": " 1857", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": " 1857", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": " 1857", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": " 1857", + "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "The official opening by Queen Victoria was on 22 June 1857", + "57268f2c708984140094ca25": " September and November 1946, attracting nearly a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", + "57268f2c708984140094ca26": " September and November 1946, attracting nearly a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", + "57268f2c708984140094ca27": " September and November 1946, attracting nearly a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", + "57268f2c708984140094ca28": " September and November 1946, attracting nearly a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", + "57268f2c708984140094ca29": " September and November 1946, attracting nearly a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", + "572691d7708984140094ca6d": " concert", + "572691d7708984140094ca6e": " concert", + "572691d7708984140094ca6f": " a hallmark of the directorship of Roy Strong", + "572691d7708984140094ca70": " concert. The V&A presented a combined concert/lecture by British progressive folk-rock band Gryphon", + "57269656708984140094cafd": "The V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee", + "57269656708984140094cafe": " V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee", + "57269656708984140094caff": " \u00a343 million gallery in Dundee that would use the V&A brand although it would be funded through and operated independently", + "57269656708984140094cb00": "The V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay", + "57269656708984140094cb01": "The V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay, Dundee City Council", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": " 1857", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": " 1857", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": " 1858-9", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": " 1857", + "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": " 1857", + "57269c06708984140094cba1": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", + "57269c06708984140094cba2": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", + "57269c06708984140094cba3": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", + "57269c06708984140094cba4": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", + "57269c06708984140094cba5": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", + "57269d68708984140094cbd7": "The interiors of the three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866", + "57269d68708984140094cbd8": "The interiors of the three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866", + "57269d68708984140094cbd9": "The interiors of the three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866", + "57269d68708984140094cbda": " Green Dining Room 1866", + "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "The interiors of the three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866", + "5726a0205951b619008f781b": " 1867", + "5726a0205951b619008f781c": " 1867", + "5726a0205951b619008f781d": " 1867", + "5726a0205951b619008f781e": " 1867", + "5726a0205951b619008f781f": " 1867\u201372", + "5726a2445951b619008f7861": " 1885 designed by Starkie Gardner, these lead to a passage through the building. Scott also designed the two Cast Courts 1870\u201373", + "5726a2445951b619008f7862": " 1885", + "5726a2445951b619008f7863": " 1885 designed by Starkie Gardner, these lead to a passage through the building. Scott also designed the two Cast Courts 1870\u201373", + "5726a2445951b619008f7864": " 1885 designed by Starkie Gardner, these lead to a passage through the building. Scott also designed the two Cast Courts 1870\u201373", + "5726a2445951b619008f7865": " 1885 designed by Starkie Gardner, these lead to a passage through the building. Scott also designed the two Cast Courts 1870\u201373", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": " 1891", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": " 1891", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": " 1891", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": " 1891", + "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": " 1891", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": " twin entrances, Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": " Albert appears within the main arch above the twin entrances, Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Prince Albert appears within the main arch above the twin entrances, Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": " arch above the twin entrances, Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", + "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": " arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": " the first major work was the creation of new storage space for books in the Art Library in 1966", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": " the first major work was the creation of new storage space for books in the Art Library in 1966", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": " the first major work was the creation of new storage space for books in the Art Library in 1966", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": " the first major work was the creation of new storage space for books in the Art Library in 1966", + "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": " the first major work was the creation of new storage space for books in the Art Library in 1966", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": " recreated", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": " galleries were redesigned in the 1990s including the Indian, Japanese, Chinese, iron work, the main glass galleries and the main silverware gallery", + "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "A few galleries were redesigned in the 1990s including the Indian, Japanese, Chinese, iron work, the main glass galleries and the main silverware gallery", + "5726afeb708984140094cdda": " galleries were redesigned in the 1990s including the Indian, Japanese, Chinese, iron work, the main glass galleries and the main silverware gallery", + "5726afeb708984140094cddb": " galleries were redesigned", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": " July 2005", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": " Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden, on 5 July 2005", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": " July 2005", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": "The central garden was redesigned by Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden, on 5 July 2005", + "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": "The central garden was redesigned by Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden, on 5 July 2005", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": "hernalia, and over 700,000 photographs from around the world, together they form the world's most comprehensive architectural resource", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "hernalia, and over 700,000 photographs from around the world, together they form the world's most comprehensive architectural resource", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": " V&A alongside Royal Institute of British Architects", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": " Royal Institute of British Architects opened the first permanent gallery in the UK", + "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": " V&A alongside Royal Institute of British Architects", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": " 1523\u201335", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": " 1523", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": " 1523\u201335", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": " 1523", + "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": " 1523\u201335", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": " 20th century. The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art, opened in 2006", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": " Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art, opened in 2006", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": " 20th century. The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art, opened in 2006", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": " 20th century. The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art, opened in 2006", + "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "The V&A holds over 19,000 items from the Islamic world", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": " textiles and 6000 paintings, the range of the collection is immense. The Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art, opened in 1991", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": " textiles and 6000 paintings, the range of the collection is immense. The Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art, opened in 1991", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": " textiles and 6000 paintings, the range of the collection is immense. The Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art, opened in 1991", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "The Museum", + "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "The Museum", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": "The Far Eastern collections include more than 70,000 works of art from the countries of East Asia: China, Japan and Korea", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "The Far Eastern collections include more than 70,000 works of art from the countries of East Asia: China, Japan and Korea", + "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": " T. T. Tsui Gallery", + "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": " T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991", + "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "The Far Eastern collections include more than 70,000 works of art from the countries of East Asia: China, Japan and Korea", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": "The Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "The Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": " Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": "The Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986", + "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": " gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": "The smaller galleries cover Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "The smaller galleries cover Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "The smaller galleries cover Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": "The smaller galleries cover Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia", + "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "The smaller galleries cover Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia", + "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": " 1876", + "5726c9a4708984140094d170": " 1876", + "5726c9a4708984140094d171": " 1876", + "5726c9a4708984140094d172": " 1876", + "5726c9a4708984140094d173": " 1876", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": " Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": " Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": " Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": "ers whose papers are in the library are as diverse as Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", + "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": " Beatrix Potter", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": " card catalogs", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": " card catalogs", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": " card catalogs", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": " National Art Library (also called Word and Image Department) at the Victoria and Albert Museum collection", + "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": " National Art Library (also called Word and Image Department) at the Victoria and Albert Museum collection", + "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "The Victoria and Albert Museum", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": "The Victoria and Albert Museum", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": "The Victoria and Albert Museum", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": "The Victoria and Albert Museum", + "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": " Word and Image Department", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": " Patrons who have influenced taste are also represented by works of art from their collections", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": "Not only the work of British artists and craftspeople is on display, but also work produced by European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": "Not only the work of British artists and craftspeople is on display, but also work produced by European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": "Not only the work of British artists and craftspeople is on display, but also work produced by European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", + "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "Not only the work of British artists and craftspeople is on display, but also work produced by European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture. For instance, design in the Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture. For instance, design in the Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture. For instance, design in the Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture. For instance, design in the Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books", + "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": " printed books and the work of European artists and craftsmen", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": " Trajan's Column", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": " glass case", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": " Trajan's Column", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": " Trajan's Column", + "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": " Trajan's Column", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": " 1762", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": " 1762", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": " 1762", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": " 1762", + "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": " 1762", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": " De Morgan and Bernard Leach", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": " potters, such as Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": " De Morgan and Bernard Leach", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": " potters, such as Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach", + "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": " potters, such as Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": " over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": " over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": " over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": " over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt", + "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": " over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "The main gallery was redesigned in 1994", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": "The main gallery was redesigned in 1994", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "The main gallery was redesigned in 1994", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": " balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine are the work of Danny Lane, the gallery covering contemporary glass opened in 2004", + "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": " balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine are the work of Danny Lane, the gallery covering contemporary glass opened in 2004", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": " Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, Lord Frederic Leighton, Sir Samuel Luke Fildes and Aubrey Beardsley", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": "The collection of drawings includes over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": "The collection of drawings includes over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": "The collection of drawings includes over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", + "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": " over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": " Word and Image department", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": " Word and Image department", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "The costume collection", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": "The costume collection", + "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": " Word and Image department", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": " Westwood costumes", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": " Westwood costumes", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": " Costiff collection", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": "iff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", + "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": " Westwood costumes", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": " 1859 and 1865", + "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": " 1859 and 1865", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": " 1859 and 1865", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": " 1859 and 1865", + "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": " 1859 and 1865", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": " 1580", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": " 1580", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": " 1580", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": " 1580 from Antwerp City Hall", + "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": " 1580 from Antwerp City Hall", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": " 1806", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": " 1806", + "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": " 1869", + "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": " 1806", + "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": " 1806", + "5726ee28708984140094d656": " 1496", + "5726ee28708984140094d657": " 1496", + "5726ee28708984140094d658": " over 10,000 objects made from silver or gold in the collection, the display (about 15% of the collection)", + "5726ee28708984140094d659": " 1496", + "5726ee28708984140094d655": " 1496", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "1180", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "1180", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": "1180", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "1180", + "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "1180", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": " Musical Instruments gallery closed 25 February 2010", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", + "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": "The Musical Instruments gallery closed 25 February 2010", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": " 1522", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": " 1522", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": " 1522", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": " 1522", + "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": " oil paintings", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": " 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": " 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings, mainly by contemporary British artists, and a similar number of drawings to the museum", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": " 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings, mainly by contemporary British artists, and a similar number of drawings to the museum", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": " Tate Britain", + "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": " 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings, mainly by contemporary British artists", + "5726f755708984140094d737": " 1758", + "5726f755708984140094d738": " 1758", + "5726f755708984140094d739": " 1758", + "5726f755708984140094d73a": " 1758", + "5726f90b708984140094d75d": " 1887", + "5726f90b708984140094d75e": " 1887", + "5726f90b708984140094d75f": " 1887", + "5726f90b708984140094d760": " 1887", + "5726f90b708984140094d761": " 1887", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": " sculpture collection at the V&A is the most comprehensive holding of post-classical European sculpture in the world", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": "The sculpture collection", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": " approximately 22,000 objects in the collection that cover the period from about 400 AD to 1914", + "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "The sculpture collection at the V&A is the most comprehensive holding of post-classical European sculpture in the world", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": "The collection of Italian, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical sculpture (", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "1564", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": "1564", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": "1564", + "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": "1564", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": " 20 works in the museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": " public subscription", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": " public subscription", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": " public subscription", + "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": " public subscription", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Sculptors both British and Europeans who were based in Britain", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": "Sculptors both British and Europeans who were based in Britain", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "Sculptors both British and Europeans who were based in Britain", + "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "Sculptors both British and Europeans", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": " Tate Britain", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": " Tate Britain, so works by Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein along with other of their contemporaries are now on view", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": " Tate Britain, so works by Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein along with other of their contemporaries are now on view", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": " Tate Britain, so works by Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein along with other of their contemporaries are now on view", + "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": " Tate Britain", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "The collection of textiles consists of more than 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "The collection of textiles consists of more than 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": " lace, tapestry and carpets", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": "The collection of textiles", + "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "The collection of textiles", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": " tapestry. A highlight of the collection is the four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries", + "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "oth of St Gereon, the oldest known surviving European tapestry", + "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": " tapestry", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "oth of St Gereon, the oldest known surviving European tapestry", + "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "oth of St Gereon, the oldest known surviving European tapestry", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": " woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": " woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": " woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": " Sicilian Tristan Quilt", + "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": " Sicilian Tristan Quilt", + "57270817708984140094d8c7": " March 2009", + "57270817708984140094d8c8": "The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries, formerly the Theatre Museum, opened in March 2009", + "57270817708984140094d8c9": " March 2009", + "57270817708984140094d8ca": " March 2009", + "57270817708984140094d8cb": " March 2009", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "ervation is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections, and covers all the collections held by the V&A and the V&A Museum", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "&A and the V&A Museum of Childhood", + "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "&A and the V&A Museum of Childhood", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "ervation is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections, and covers all the collections held by the V&A and the V&A Museum", + "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "&A and the V&A Museum", + "57267b755951b619008f7433": "The American Broadcasting Company (ABC)", + "57267b755951b619008f7434": "The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) (stylized in its logo as abc since 1957", + "57267b755951b619008f7435": "The American Broadcasting Company", + "57267b755951b619008f7436": "The American Broadcasting Company (ABC)", + "57267b755951b619008f7437": "The American Broadcasting Company", + "57267ca75951b619008f7469": " October 12, 1943", + "57267ca75951b619008f746a": " October 12, 1943", + "57267ca75951b619008f746b": " October 12, 1943", + "57267ca75951b619008f746c": " October 12, 1943", + "57267ca75951b619008f746d": " October 12, 1943", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": " eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": " ABC affiliate", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": "The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations", + "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": " television stations throughout the United States and its territories. Most Canadians have access to at least one U.S.-based ABC affiliate", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": " Radio Corporation of America", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": " Radio Corporation of America", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": " three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company", + "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": " three companies: the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company", + "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": " Radio Corporation of America", + "572681ab708984140094c85d": " network radio programs in 1940", + "572681ab708984140094c85e": " networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940", + "572681ab708984140094c85f": " network radio programs in 1940", + "572681ab708984140094c860": " In 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940", + "572681ab708984140094c861": " radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": " January 8, 1942", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": " January 8, 1942", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": " January 8, 1942", + "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": " January 8, 1942", + "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": " January 8, 1942", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": " WMCA", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": " WMCA", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": " WMCA", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": " Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA", + "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": " WMCA", + "57268739708984140094c8ed": " public service, it aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman", + "57268739708984140094c8ee": " public service, it aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman", + "57268739708984140094c8ef": " public service, it aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman", + "57268739708984140094c8f0": " public service, it aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman", + "57268739708984140094c8f1": " public service, it aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": " $155 million in June 2000", + "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": " ESPN network", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": " $155 million in June 2000", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": " $155 million in June 2000", + "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": " ESPN network", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "The idea was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels, and affiliates", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": "The idea was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels, and affiliates", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": "The idea was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels, and affiliates", + "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": "The idea was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels, and affiliates", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": "The first attempts to internationalize the ABC television network", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "The first attempts to internationalize the ABC television network", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "The first attempts to internationalize the ABC television network", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": " coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953", + "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": " coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", + "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards, Emmy Awards (", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": " Seacrest", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": " Ryan Seacrest", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": " Seacrest", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": " pageant from 1954 to 1956", + "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": " New Year's Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": " ABC also broadcasts the morning news program Good Morning America", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": " ABC also broadcasts the morning news program Good Morning America", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": " morning news program Good Morning America", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": " ABC also broadcasts the morning news program Good Morning America", + "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": " morning news program Good Morning America", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "Sports programming is also provided on some weekend afternoons at any time from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": " weekend afternoons at any time from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "noons at any time from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": "Sports programming is also provided on some weekend afternoons at any time from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", + "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": " weekend afternoons at any time from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", + "5726e860708984140094d579": " radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium", + "5726e860708984140094d57a": " To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, one for each market where it owned and operated a radio station", + "5726e860708984140094d57b": " To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, one for each market where it owned and operated a radio station", + "5726e860708984140094d57c": " television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": " DuMont Television Network. Before the freeze ended in 1952, there were only 108 existing television stations in the United States", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": " a few major cities (such as Boston) had only two television stations", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": " DuMont Television Network", + "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": "In the fall of 1949, ABC found itself in the position of an outsider, with less coverage than two of its competing networks, CBS and NBC", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": " $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": " $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": " $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": " $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", + "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": " $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": " Goldenson", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": " Goldenson", + "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": " Goldenson", + "5726ed12708984140094d645": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc", + "5726ed12708984140094d646": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc", + "5726ed12708984140094d647": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc", + "5726ed12708984140094d648": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "The network's flagship owned-and-operated station, WJZ-TV in New York City", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": " August 10, 1948", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": "The network's flagship owned-and-operated station, WJZ-TV in New York City", + "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": " station, WJZ-TV in New York City (later re-called WABC-TV), signed on the air on August 10, 1948", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": " The Flintstones", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "The 1960s would be marked by the rise of family-oriented series in an attempt by ABC", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": " the decade was also marked by the network's gradual transition to color. On September 30, 1960, ABC premiered The Flintstones", + "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": "The 1960s would be marked by the rise of family-oriented series in an attempt by ABC", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": " $7.5 million and initiated discussions to renew ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents, which was due to expire in 1961", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": " $7.5 million and initiated discussions to renew ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents, which was due to expire in 1961", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": " $7.5 million and initiated discussions to renew ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents, which was due to expire in 1961", + "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": " $7.5 million and initiated discussions to renew ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents, which was due to expire in 1961", + "572734af708984140094dae3": " promotional campaign focused around its circle logo", + "572734af708984140094dae4": " promotional campaign focused around its circle logo", + "572734af708984140094dae5": " promotional campaign focused around its circle logo", + "572734af708984140094dae6": " web-based promotional campaign focused around its circle logo", + "572735a15951b619008f86bf": "note theme tune was introduced alongside the package, based around the network's \"We Love TV\" image campaign introduced that year", + "572735a15951b619008f86c0": " Pittard Sullivan", + "572735a15951b619008f86c1": " Pittard Sullivan", + "572735a15951b619008f86c2": " Pittard Sullivan", + "572736625951b619008f86d1": " gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan \"That Special Feeling\"", + "572736625951b619008f86d2": " gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan \"That Special Feeling\"", + "572736625951b619008f86d3": " gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan \"That Special Feeling\"", + "572736625951b619008f86d4": " gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan \"That Special Feeling\"", + "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": " gold letters, and as such, was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance", + "572736fc5951b619008f86da": " gold letters, and as such, was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance", + "572736fc5951b619008f86db": " gold letters, and as such, was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": " black circle. The new logo debuted on-air for ABC's promos at the start of the 1963\u201364 season", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": " black circle. The new logo debuted on-air for ABC's promos at the start of the 1963\u201364 season", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": " graphic designer Paul Rand redesigned the ABC logo", + "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": " black circle. The new logo debuted on-air for ABC's promos at the start of the 1963\u201364 season", + "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": " October 19, 2005, ABC announced the restructuring of the group into six divisions: Entertainment Communications, Communications Resources", + "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": "Between May and September 2005", + "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": " October 19, 2005, ABC announced the restructuring of the group into six divisions", + "57273954708984140094db05": " (by the following year, the combined season-ending average audience share of ABC, NBC and CBS represented only 32% of U.S. households", + "57273954708984140094db06": " (by the following year, the combined season-ending average audience share of ABC, NBC and CBS represented only 32% of U.S. households", + "57273954708984140094db07": "by the following year, the combined season-ending average audience share of ABC, NBC and CBS represented only 32% of U.S. households", + "57273954708984140094db08": "by the following year, the combined season-ending average audience share of ABC, NBC and CBS represented only 32% of U.S. households", + "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "works affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement in 2002", + "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "Networks affiliates", + "57273a0d708984140094db0f": " Saturday mornings with Disney Channels", + "57273a0d708984140094db10": "Networks affiliates", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": " December 31, 1999", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": " December 31, 1999", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": " carriage dispute with ABC, Time Warner Cable removed ABC owned-and-operated stations from the cable provider's systems", + "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": " April 30", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": " the network entered the 2000s with hits held over from the previous decade", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": " the network entered the 2000s with hits held over from the previous decade", + "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": " The WB in September 2000, beginning to wane as well by this point)", + "57273c195951b619008f8721": " January 18", + "57273c195951b619008f8722": " January 18", + "57273c195951b619008f8723": " January 18", + "57273c195951b619008f8724": " January 18", + "57273d19708984140094db3d": " $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996", + "57273d19708984140094db3e": " $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996", + "57273d19708984140094db3f": " $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996", + "57273d19708984140094db40": " $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996", + "57273d19708984140094db41": " $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": " three broadcast television networks", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": " broadcast television networks", + "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": " broadcast television networks", + "57273ef15951b619008f8751": "JZ-FM and WJZ-TV \u2013 changed their respective callsigns to WABC, WABC-FM", + "57273ef15951b619008f8752": " May 1, 1953, ABC's New York City flagship stations \u2013 WJZ, WJZ-FM and WJZ-TV", + "57273ef15951b619008f8753": " May 1, 1953, ABC's New York City flagship stations \u2013 WJZ, WJZ-FM and WJZ-TV", + "57273f9d708984140094db51": " a problem emerged regarding the directions taken by ABC and UPT. In 1950, Noble appointed Robert Kintner to be ABC's president", + "57273f9d708984140094db52": " Goldenson added to the confusion when, in October 1954, he proposed a merger between UPT and the DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db53": " Goldenson added to the confusion when, in October 1954, he proposed a merger between UPT and the DuMont Television Network", + "57273f9d708984140094db54": " Goldenson added to the confusion when, in October 1954, he proposed a merger between UPT and the DuMont Television Network", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": "1953", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": " Goldenson had been trying since mid-1953", + "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": ".S. television history, until it was surpassed by The Simpsons in 2002", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": "ner", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": " Airing during the 1955\u201356 season, it showcased television adaptations of the 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": " Airing during the 1955\u201356 season, it showcased television adaptations of the 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca; Cheyenne (", + "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": " Airing during the 1955\u201356 season, it showcased television adaptations of the 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": " Goldenson at the end of 1953 for ABC to agree to finance part of the Disneyland project", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": " $500,000 and accrued a guarantee of $4.5 million in additional loans", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": " $500,000 and accrued a guarantee of $4.5 million in additional loans", + "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": " $500,000 and accrued a guarantee of $4.5 million in additional loans", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": " WCFL in Chicago", + "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": " $400,000\u2013", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": " $400,000\u2013", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": " $400,000\u2013", + "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": " $400,000\u2013", + "572743fb708984140094db93": " a turning point", + "572743fb708984140094db94": " a turning point", + "572743fb708984140094db95": " a turning point", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": ")'s premier game of the week", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": ")'s premier game of the week until 2006, when Sunday Night Football, which moved to NBC that year", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": " Football League (NFL)'s premier game of the week until 2006, when Sunday Night Football, which moved to NBC that year", + "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": " MNF move to ESPN", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": " $10 million", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": " $10 million", + "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": " $10 million", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": " January 2, 1971", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": " January 2, 1971", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": " January 2, 1971", + "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": " January 2, 1971", + "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": " program development manager", + "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": " program development manager", + "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": " program development manager", + "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": " program development manager", + "572748745951b619008f87b1": " WCVB-TV premiered morning show Good Day!. First premiering in 1973", + "572748745951b619008f87b2": " WCVB-TV premiered morning show Good Day!. First premiering in 1973", + "572748745951b619008f87b3": " WCVB-TV premiered morning show Good Day!. First premiering in 1973", + "572748745951b619008f87b4": " WCVB-TV premiered morning show Good Day!. First premiering in 1973", + "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "The 1970s were highlighted by several successful comedy, fantasy, action and superhero-themed series for the network", + "5727492f708984140094dbb6": "The 1970s were highlighted by several successful comedy, fantasy, action and superhero-themed series", + "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "The 1970s were highlighted by several successful comedy, fantasy, action and superhero-themed series for the network", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": " miniseries based on an Alex Haley novel that was published the previous year", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": " new hits during 1977: January saw the premiere of Roots, a miniseries based on an Alex Haley novel that was published the previous year", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": " nine seasons. Roots went on to become one of the highest-rated programs in American television history", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": " nine seasons. Roots went on to become one of the highest-rated programs in American television history", + "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": " nine seasons. Roots went on to become one of the highest-rated programs in American television history", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": " Roone Arledge was named president", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "-TV", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": " warehouse on the corner of Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street; the facility that was built in its place is nicknamed \"7 Lincoln Square\"", + "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": " West 66th Street; the facility that was built in its place is nicknamed \"7 Lincoln Square\"", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": " $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5 of that year, and all of its 300 employees were laid off", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": " $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": " $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5", + "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": " $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5", + "57274cac708984140094dbdd": " news channel called ABC Cable News, with plans to launch the network in 1995", + "57274cac708984140094dbde": "ved by company management. ABC would reattempt such a concept in July 2004 with the launch of ABC News Now", + "57274cac708984140094dbdf": " Cable News, with plans to launch the network in 1995", + "57274cac708984140094dbe0": " news channel called ABC Cable News, with plans to launch the network in 1995", + "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "The Writers Guild of America", + "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "The Writers Guild of America", + "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "The Writers Guild of America", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": " December 22, Disney\u2013ABC Television Group announced a partnership with Apple Inc", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": "\u2013ABC Television Group", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": " Disney\u2013ABC Television Group merged ABC Entertainment and ABC Studios", + "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": " December 22, Disney\u2013ABC Television Group announced a partnership with Apple Inc", + "57274f07708984140094dbed": "The network began running into some trouble in the ratings by 2010", + "57274f07708984140094dbee": "ant hit Ugly Betty collapsed dramatically after it was moved to Fridays at the start of its fourth season in the fall of 2009", + "57274f07708984140094dbef": " Fridays at the start of its fourth season in the fall of 2009", + "57274f07708984140094dbf0": " Fridays at the start of its fourth season in the fall of 2009", + "5727504b5951b619008f881d": " Worldvision sold portions of its catalog, including the Ruby-Spears and Hanna-Barbera libraries, to Turner Broadcasting System in 1990", + "5727504b5951b619008f881e": " Worldvision sold portions of its catalog, including the Ruby-Spears and Hanna-Barbera libraries, to Turner Broadcasting System in 1990", + "5727504b5951b619008f881f": " Worldvision sold portions of its catalog, including the Ruby-Spears and Hanna-Barbera libraries, to Turner Broadcasting System in 1990", + "5727504b5951b619008f8820": " FCC imposed its fin-syn rules in 1970, ABC proactively created two companies: Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": "znick library", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": "znick library", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": "znick library", + "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": " theatrical library", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": " WPVI-TV", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": " WPVI-TV", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": " WPVI-TV", + "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": " WPVI-TV", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "The ABC logo has evolved many times since the network's creation in 1943", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "The ABC logo has evolved many times since the network's creation in 1943", + "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "UPT merger was finalized in 1953, the network introduced a new logo based on the seal of the Federal Communications Commission", + "57275573708984140094dc45": " January 2012", + "57275573708984140094dc46": " January 2012", + "57275573708984140094dc47": " January 2012", + "57275573708984140094dc48": " January 2012", + "57275650708984140094dc5f": " feed is transmitted in 720p high definition", + "57275650708984140094dc60": "ABC's master feed", + "57275650708984140094dc61": " master feed is transmitted in 720p high definition", + "57275650708984140094dc62": "ABC's master feed is transmitted in 720p high definition", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "The network's troubles with sustaining existing series and gaining new hits spilled over into its 2010\u201311 schedule: ABC's dramas during that season continued to fail", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": "The network's troubles with sustaining existing series and gaining new hits spilled over into its 2010\u201311 schedule", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "The network's troubles with sustaining existing series and gaining new hits spilled over into its 2010\u201311 schedule", + "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "The network's troubles with sustaining existing series and gaining new hits spilled over into its 2010\u201311 schedule", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": " April 14, 2011, ABC canceled the long-running soap operas All My Children", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": " April 14, 2011", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": " April 14", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": "On April 14, 2011, ABC canceled the long-running soap operas All My Children", + "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": " April 14, 2011, ABC canceled the long-running soap operas All My Children", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": "The 2013\u201314 season was a slight improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "The 2013\u201314 season was a slight improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": "The 2013\u201314 season was a slight improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs", + "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": "The 2013\u201314 season was a slight improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs", + "57275a505951b619008f889f": " crime dramedy Castle as well as the success of two family sitcoms that anchored the network's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup", + "57275a505951b619008f88a0": " crime dramedy Castle as well as the success of two family sitcoms that anchored the network's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup", + "57275a505951b619008f88a1": " crime dramedy Castle as well as the success of two family sitcoms that anchored the network's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup", + "57275a505951b619008f88a2": " crime dramedy Castle as well as the success of two family sitcoms that anchored the network's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup", + "57275bfb708984140094dc97": " February 1994", + "57275bfb708984140094dc98": " February 1994", + "57275bfb708984140094dc99": " Burke", + "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": " Burke", + "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": " Burke", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", + "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", + "57275e125951b619008f88d7": " May 9", + "57275e125951b619008f88d8": " May 9", + "57275e125951b619008f88d9": " May 9", + "57275e125951b619008f88da": " May 9", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": " Arledge as the executive producer of that division", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": " April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports, an anthology series created by Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": " April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports, an anthology series created by Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc", + "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": " April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports, an anthology series created by Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": " Theatres, was renamed as the American Broadcasting Companies", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": " Theatres, was renamed as the American Broadcasting Companies", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": " corporate entity, American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, was renamed as the American Broadcasting Companies", + "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": " Theatres, was renamed as the American Broadcasting Companies", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": ".). Several flagship series debuted on the network", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": " network during this time including Dynasty, an opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a hit when it premiered as a midseason series in 1981", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": " network during this time including Dynasty, an opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a hit when it premiered as a midseason series in 1981", + "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": " the three major networks represented 90% of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S.). Several flagship series debuted on the network", + "5727623a5951b619008f8921": " Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", + "5727623a5951b619008f8922": "In 1983, ABC sold KXYZ to the Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", + "5727623a5951b619008f8923": "In 1983, ABC sold KXYZ to the Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", + "5727623a5951b619008f8924": " January 4", + "572763a8708984140094dcd9": " Daniel B. Burke", + "572763a8708984140094dcda": " Daniel B. Burke", + "572763a8708984140094dcdb": " Daniel B. Burke", + "572763a8708984140094dcdc": " Capital Cities/ABC", + "572763a8708984140094dcdd": "ABC", + "572764855951b619008f8951": "Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", + "572764855951b619008f8952": "Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", + "572764855951b619008f8953": "Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", + "572764855951b619008f8954": " to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": ", Rhode Island and Delaware are the only U.S. states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": " WPVI-TV; Rhode Island is served by New Bedford, Massachusetts-licensed WLNE; and Delaware", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": " WPVI-TV", + "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": " WPVI-", + "57276690708984140094dd01": "All of ABC's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates", + "57276690708984140094dd02": "All of ABC's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates", + "57276690708984140094dd03": " in 1962", + "57276690708984140094dd04": " in 1962", + "5727678e5951b619008f8973": " Good Morning America and Nightline are broadcast from this particular facility", + "5727678e5951b619008f8974": " Good Morning America and Nightline are broadcast from this particular facility", + "5727678e5951b619008f8975": " Good Morning America and Nightline are broadcast from this particular facility", + "5727678e5951b619008f8976": " Good Morning America and Nightline are broadcast from this particular facility", + "572768d9708984140094dd13": " VOD service called ABC on Demand, which is carried on most traditional cable and IPTV providers. The Walt Disney Company", + "572768d9708984140094dd14": " VOD service called ABC on Demand", + "572768d9708984140094dd15": "OD service called ABC on Demand", + "572768d9708984140094dd16": " ABC on Demand", + "572769e85951b619008f8985": "The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand", + "572769e85951b619008f8986": "The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand", + "572769e85951b619008f8987": "The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand", + "572769e85951b619008f8988": "The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": " May 14, 2013, and officially introduced on-air on June 17", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": " May 14, 2013, and officially introduced on-air on June 17", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": " May 14, 2013, and officially introduced on-air on June 17", + "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": " May 14, 2013, and officially introduced on-air on June 17", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": " advertising revenues: ABC's revenue increased by 67%", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": " advertising revenues: ABC's revenue increased by 67%", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": " by 30% ($100 million) and CBS's rose by 44% ($117 million). However that year, ABC had only 14 primary affiliates", + "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": " stations, and the signal quality was marginal at best", + "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": "-TV in Youngstown, Ohio, now WYTV", + "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "-TV in Youngstown, Ohio, now WYTV", + "57276d7f708984140094dd41": " money at the time would allow it to accelerate its content production. Still, ABC's limited reach would continue to hobble it for the next two decades", + "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "-TV in Youngstown, Ohio, now WYTV", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": " ABC is credited for having started, represented a fifth of all primetime series on American television in January 1959", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": " westerns, which ABC is credited for having started, represented a fifth of all primetime series on American television in January 1959", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": " westerns, which ABC is credited for having started, represented a fifth of all primetime series on American television in January 1959", + "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": " westerns, which ABC is credited for having started, represented a fifth of all primetime series on American television in January 1959", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": " nights in 1962", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": " Sunday nights in 1962", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": " Sunday nights in 1962", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": " Sunday nights in 1962", + "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": " Sunday nights in 1962", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": " ITT going to trial in October 1967; the merger was officially canceled after the trial's conclusion on January 1, 1968", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": " ITT going to trial in October 1967; the merger was officially canceled after the trial's conclusion on January 1, 1968", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": " December 7, 1965, Goldenson announced a merger proposal with ITT to ABC management; the two companies agreed to the deal on April 27, 1966", + "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": " December 7, 1965, Goldenson announced a merger proposal with ITT to ABC management; the two companies agreed to the deal on April 27, 1966", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": " March 16, 1985, ABC's executive committee accepted the merger offer, which was formally announced on March 18, 1985", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": " March 16, 1985, ABC's executive committee accepted the merger offer, which was formally announced on March 18, 1985", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": " March 16, 1985, ABC's executive committee accepted the merger offer, which was formally announced on March 18, 1985", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": " March 16, 1985, ABC's executive committee accepted the merger offer, which was formally announced on March 18, 1985", + "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": " March 16, 1985, ABC's executive committee accepted the merger offer, which was formally announced on March 18, 1985", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": "The merger between ABC and Capital Cities received federal approval on September 5, 1985", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "The merger between ABC and Capital Cities received federal approval on September 5, 1985", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": "The merger between ABC and Capital Cities received federal approval on September 5, 1985", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "The merger between ABC and Capital Cities received federal approval on September 5, 1985", + "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "The merger between ABC and Capital Cities received federal approval on September 5, 1985", + "57277585708984140094de2b": " NBC had regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984 on the success of series such as The Cosby Show, Cheers and Miami Vice", + "57277585708984140094de2c": " NBC had regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984 on the success of series such as The Cosby Show, Cheers and Miami Vice", + "57277585708984140094de2d": ". After nearly a decade of ratings trouble, NBC had regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984", + "57277585708984140094de2e": " four of ABC's marquee shows of the 1970s ended their runs during the mid-1980s: Laverne & Shirley ended its run in 1983", + "57277585708984140094de2f": " NBC had regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984 on the success of series such as The Cosby Show, Cheers and Miami Vice", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": " ABC revamped its Friday night schedule around family-friendly comedies in the late 1980s, culminating in the 1989 debut of the \"TGIF\" block", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": "-Boyett Productions", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": "-Boyett Productions", + "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": " ABC revamped its Friday night schedule", + "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": " $1 million in shares and $1.5 million in bonds", + "572776e85951b619008f8a80": " seven radio stations", + "572776e85951b619008f8a81": " seven radio stations", + "572776e85951b619008f8a82": " seven radio stations", + "572776e85951b619008f8a83": " seven radio stations", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", + "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", + "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", + "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": " actioner Zorro) went up against and defeated the variety shows aired by NBC and CBS in the fall of 1957", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": " western series (as well as series such as the actioner Zorro) went up against and defeated the variety shows aired by NBC and CBS", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": " actioner Zorro) went up against and defeated the variety shows aired by NBC and CBS in the fall of 1957", + "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": " actioner Zorro) went up against and defeated the variety shows aired by NBC and CBS in the fall of 1957", + "57277af2708984140094dec3": " encompassing the network's existing streaming portal at ABC.com and a mobile app for smartphones and tablet computers", + "57277af2708984140094dec4": "&O WABC-TV", + "57277af2708984140094dec5": " encompassing the network's existing streaming portal at ABC.com and a mobile app for smartphones and tablet computers", + "57277af2708984140094dec6": " encompassing the network's existing streaming portal at ABC.com and a mobile app for smartphones and tablet computers", + "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094deda": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277bfc708984140094dedd": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": " a lot more consistency and continuity to the visual representation of ABC\". The ABC logo was also significantly redesigned", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": "Start Here\". Also developed by Troika", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": " June 16", + "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": " ribbons were used to represent the entertainment division", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": " WWSB)", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa, Florida", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": " WWSB)", + "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa, Florida", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": "He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": "He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", + "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": "He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire", + "5726a00d708984140094cc25": " 1227", + "5726a00d708984140094cc26": " 1227", + "5726a00d708984140094cc27": " 1227", + "5726a00d708984140094cc28": " 1227", + "5726a00d708984140094cc29": " 1227", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": " 1162", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": " 1162", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": " 1162", + "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": " Khaldun mountain and the Onon and Kherlen rivers in modern-day northern Mongolia", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": " three brothers named Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": " Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": " Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": " Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": " three brothers named Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": " Hoelun and her children lived in poverty", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": " Hoelun and her children lived in poverty", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": " wild fruits and ox carcasses, marmots, and other small game killed by Tem\u00fcjin and his brothers", + "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": " Hoelun and her children lived in poverty", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies", + "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies", + "5726a784708984140094ccff": " thievery, raids, corruption, and continual acts of revenge carried out between the various confederations", + "5726a784708984140094cd00": "ederations", + "5726a784708984140094cd01": " thievery, raids, corruption, and continual acts of revenge carried out between the various confederations", + "5726a784708984140094cd02": "ederations", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "te of the Onggirat tribe", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": "te of the Onggirat tribe", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": "te of the Onggirat tribe", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": " a son, Jochi (1185\u2013", + "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": " a son, Jochi", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232). Genghis Khan", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1189\u20141241), and Tolui (", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232). Genghis Khan", + "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "te had three more sons", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": " 1197", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": "a (sworn brother or blood brother) Toghrul, who was Khan of the Keraites", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "a (sworn brother or blood brother) Toghrul, who was Khan of the Keraites", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": "a (sworn brother or blood brother) Toghrul, who was Khan of the Keraites", + "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": "a (sworn brother or blood brother) Toghrul, who was Khan of the Keraites", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": " 1186, Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": " 1186, Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": " 1186, Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": " 1186, Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols", + "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": " 1186, Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols", + "5726ae32708984140094cdab": " orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family. These political innovations inspired great loyalty among the conquered people", + "5726ae32708984140094cdac": " orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family. These political innovations inspired great loyalty among the conquered people", + "5726ae32708984140094cdad": " orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family. These political innovations inspired great loyalty among the conquered people", + "5726ae32708984140094cdae": " orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family. These political innovations inspired great loyalty among the conquered people", + "5726af765951b619008f7a51": " Toghrul and Tem\u00fcjin", + "5726af765951b619008f7a52": " Mongolian culture. This act led to the split between both factions", + "5726af765951b619008f7a53": " Mongolian culture. This act led to the split between both factions", + "5726af765951b619008f7a54": " Mongolian culture. This act led to the split between both factions", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin was the Naimans (Naiman Mongols", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin was the Naimans (Naiman Mongols", + "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": " noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": " noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": " noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood", + "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": " noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood", + "5726b879708984140094cf01": " a series of betrayals", + "5726b879708984140094cf02": " deep interest in gathering good intelligence and understanding the motivations of his rivals", + "5726b879708984140094cf03": " deep interest in gathering good intelligence and understanding the motivations of his rivals", + "5726b879708984140094cf04": " Genghis Khan", + "5726b879708984140094cf05": " a series of betrayals", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": " a monumental feat for the \"Mongols\"", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": " a single political and military force under Genghis Khan", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": ". It was a monumental feat for the \"Mongols\"", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": " Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs, and other disparate smaller tribes", + "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": " Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs, and other disparate smaller tribes", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": " 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": " 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": " 1232 and 1233, Kaifeng fell to the Mongols under the reign of Genghis' third son, \u00d6gedei Khan", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": " 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty", + "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": " 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty", + "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": " Naiman confederation that Tem\u00fcjin defeated and folded into his Mongol Empire", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "uchlug, the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation that Tem\u00fcjin defeated and folded into his Mongol Empire", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": " Naiman confederation that Tem\u00fcjin defeated and folded into his Mongol Empire", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "ug, the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation that Tem\u00fcjin defeated and folded into his Mongol Empire", + "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": " Naiman confederation", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": " internal revolt among Kuchlug's supporters", + "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": " Kuchlug's army was defeated west of Kashgar. Kuchlug fled again, but was soon hunted down by Jebe's army", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": " internal revolt among Kuchlug's supporters", + "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": " internal revolt among Kuchlug's supporters", + "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": " internal revolt among Kuchlug's supporters", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": " Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": " Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": " Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": " Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire", + "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": " Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": "The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": "The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", + "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "The Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feuds and by the Shah's decision to divide his army into small groups", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feuds and by the Shah's decision to divide his army into small groups concentrated in various cities", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "The Shah's army", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feuds and by the Shah's decision to divide his army into small groups", + "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feuds and by the Shah's decision to divide his army into small groups", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": "The Mongols", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": "The Mongols", + "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "The Mongols", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies as body shields", + "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "The city of Bukhara", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": "The city of Bukhara", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "The city of Bukhara was not heavily fortified, with a moat and a single wall, and the citadel typical of Khware", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "The city of Bukhara", + "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": "The city of Bukhara", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": " 1220, Genghis Khan gathered his forces in Persia", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": " 1220, Genghis Khan gathered his forces in Persia", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": " 1220", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": " 1220", + "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": " 1220", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary and Europe", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary and Europe", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary and Europe", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary and Europe", + "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary and Europe", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": " 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": " 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": " 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": " 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts", + "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": " 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts", + "57272dd55951b619008f8697": "intiao-fu, Xining province", + "57272dd55951b619008f8698": " 1227, Genghis Khan", + "57272dd55951b619008f8699": " 1227, Genghis Khan's army attacked and destroyed the Tangut capital of Ning Hia", + "57272dd55951b619008f869a": " 1227, Genghis Khan's army attacked and destroyed the Tangut capital of Ning", + "57272dd55951b619008f869b": " 1227, Genghis Khan's army attacked and destroyed the Tangut capital of Ning Hia", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": " The Secret History of the Mongols, just before the invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire by Genghis Khan", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": " The Secret History of the Mongols, just before the invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire by Genghis Khan", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": " The Secret History of the Mongols, just before the invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire by Genghis Khan", + "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": "The succession of Genghis Khan", + "57272ff2708984140094dabd": " Chagatai and Jochi) and worried of possible conflict between them", + "57272ff2708984140094dabe": " (particularly between Chagatai and Jochi) and worried of possible conflict between them", + "57272ff2708984140094dabf": " Chagatai and Jochi) and worried of possible conflict between them", + "57272ff2708984140094dac0": " Chagatai and Jochi) and worried of possible conflict between them", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": " 1226", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": " 1226", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "ochi died in 1226", + "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "ochi died in 1226", + "5727311d5951b619008f86af": " 1226", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": " The Secret History of the Mongols", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": " The Secret History of the Mongols", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": " The Secret History of the Mongols", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": " The Secret History of the Mongols", + "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": " The Secret History of the Mongols", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": " path to conceal where he was finally buried. The Genghis Khan Mausoleum", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": " Genghis Khan asked to be buried without markings, according to the customs of his tribe. After he died, his body was returned to Mongolia", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": " path to conceal where he was finally buried. The Genghis Khan Mausoleum", + "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": " path to conceal where he was finally buried. The Genghis Khan Mausoleum", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": " mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo)", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": " mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": " mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": " mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia", + "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": " mausoleum from its position at the 'Lord's Enclosure' (Mongolian: Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia", + "57273581708984140094daeb": " October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", + "57273581708984140094daec": " October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", + "57273581708984140094daed": " October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", + "57273581708984140094daee": " October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": "The Mongol Empire was governed by a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": "The Mongol Empire was governed by a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": "The Mongol Empire was governed by a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "The Mongol Empire was governed by a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", + "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "The Mongol Empire was governed by a civilian and military code, called the Yassa, created by Genghis Khan", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": " tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": " tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers and doctors", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": " tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers", + "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": " tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers", + "572739a75951b619008f86f7": ". However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary peoples", + "572739a75951b619008f86f8": " civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals", + "572739a75951b619008f86f9": ". However, there is no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary peoples", + "572739a75951b619008f86fa": " civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals", + "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": ". He also realised that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people because they were nomads and thus had no experience governing cities", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": " Khan realised that he needed people who could govern cities and states conquered by him. He also realised that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": ". He also realised that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people because they were nomads and thus had no experience governing cities", + "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": ". He also realised that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": " Jebe and Subutai", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": " Khan", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": " Khan", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": " Jebe and Subutai", + "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": " Jebe and Subutai", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", + "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": " 1227", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": " 1227", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": " 1227", + "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": " 1227", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", + "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", + "5727404b708984140094db59": "ongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", + "5727404b708984140094db5a": "ongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", + "5727404b708984140094db5b": "ongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", + "5727404b708984140094db5c": "Mongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", + "5727404b708984140094db5d": "ongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": " trivialization", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": " trivialization", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": " trivialization", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": " trivialization", + "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": " trivialization", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": " Khan", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": " a time of almost endemic warfare between tribes", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": " a time of almost endemic warfare between tribes", + "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": " a political and ethnic identity because there was no unified identity between the tribes", + "57275250708984140094dc25": " Genghis Khan in the People's Republic of China", + "57275250708984140094dc26": " conflicting views of Genghis Khan in the People's Republic of China", + "57275250708984140094dc27": " People's Republic of China", + "57275250708984140094dc28": " the People's Republic of China", + "57275250708984140094dc29": " conflicting views of Genghis Khan in the People's Republic of China", + "572753af708984140094dc2f": " Genghis Khan is almost universally condemned as a destructive and genocidal warlord who caused enormous damage and destruction to the population of these areas", + "572753af708984140094dc30": " Genghis Khan is almost universally condemned as a destructive and genocidal warlord who caused enormous damage and destruction to the population of these areas", + "572753af708984140094dc31": "ocidal warlord who caused enormous damage and destruction to the population of these areas. Steven R. Ward", + "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders", + "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders", + "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders", + "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders", + "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders", + "572756715951b619008f8877": " Khwarizim Shah", + "572756715951b619008f8878": " Khwarizim Shah", + "572756715951b619008f8879": " Khwarizim Shah", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": "atalised version of the Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": "atalised version of the Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": " Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis, meaning \"ocean\", \"oceanic\" or \"wide-spreading\". (", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": "atalised version of the Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis", + "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "atalised version of the Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": " Chinggis Khaan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": " ways in different languages", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": " Khan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": " Chinggis Khaan", + "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": " ways in different languages", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": " a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "The word pharmacy", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": " a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": " a range of services that are now performed solely by other specialist practitioners", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "The word pharmacy", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": " specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": " with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": " specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": " various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": " specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": " pharmacy technicians. In the UK the role of a PhT", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": " a pharmacist", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": " a pharmacist", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": " a pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy)", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": " a pharmacist", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": " De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances)", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": " De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": " De Materia Medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": " De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": " De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "1868", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "1868", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "1868", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "1868", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "1868", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": " 1221", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": " 1317", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": " 1317", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": " 1317", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": " 1317", + "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": " pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend towards the use of trained pharmacy technicians", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": " pharmacy legislation; with requirements for storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment, etc", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": " pharmacy legislation; with requirements for storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment, etc", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": " pharmacy legislation; with requirements for storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment, etc", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": " pharmacy technicians", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": " specific indications, effectiveness of treatment regimens, safety of medications (i.e., drug interactions) and patient compliance issues (", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": " specific indications, effectiveness of treatment regimens, safety of medications (i.e., drug interactions) and patient compliance", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": " specific indications, effectiveness of treatment regimens, safety of medications (i.e., drug interactions) and patient compliance", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": " specific indications, effectiveness of treatment regimens, safety of medications (i.e., drug interactions) and patient compliance issues (", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "Hospital pharmacies", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "Hospital pharmacies", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "ospital pharmacies", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "ospital pharmacies", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": " a single dose of medicine. Hospital pharmacists and trained pharmacy technicians compound sterile products", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": " Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": " hospitals", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": " hospitals", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": " patient care services that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": " hospitals", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": " all prescribed medications prior to dispensing and administration", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "The clinical pharmacist's role involves creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": " clinical pharmacist", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": " all prescribed medications prior to dispensing and administration", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": " ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": " federal health care system (including the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH) ambulatory care pharmacists", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": " federal health care system (including the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH) ambulatory care pharmacists", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": " federal health care system (including the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH) ambulatory care pharmacists", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": " federal health care system (including the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH) ambulatory care pharmacists", + "5726ea985951b619008f8261": " medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs", + "5726ea985951b619008f8262": " medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs", + "5726ea985951b619008f8263": " medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs", + "5726ea985951b619008f8264": " pharmacy practice focuses more on medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs", + "5726ea985951b619008f8265": " medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": " year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "Since about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": " about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": ". Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies, and in fact, many of them are actually operated by brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": ". Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies, and in fact, many of them are actually operated by brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": ". Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": ". Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": ". Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": ". Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": ". Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": " Internet pharmacies", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": " Internet pharmacies", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": " Internet pharmacies", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": " Internet pharmacies", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": " drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": " drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": " drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": " drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": " drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", + "5726f2375951b619008f830f": " vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8310": " vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8311": " vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8312": " vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8313": " vendor companies", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": " complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": " complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Unlike a traditional community pharmacy", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "heumatoid arthritis", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": " complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Unlike a traditional community pharmacy", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": " complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Unlike a traditional community pharmacy", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": ". These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": ". These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": ". These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": ". These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": ". These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": " rural area and that there is also a specified, minimum distance (currently 1.6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": " law requires that the GP practice be located in a designated rural area", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": " area and that there is also a specified, minimum distance (currently 1.6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": " area and that there is also a specified, minimum distance (currently 1.6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy", + "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician", + "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician", + "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician", + "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician", + "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": " patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": " patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": " patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": " patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": " patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": " pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": " Medicines Reviews", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "; for instance, pharmacists in Australia receive remuneration from the Australian Government for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": " pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": " pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": " typed text. The show globe", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": " typed text. The show globe", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": " typed text. The show globe", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": " typed text. The show globe", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": " typed text. The show globe", + "5726e65e708984140094d53d": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726e65e708984140094d53e": ". In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726e65e708984140094d53f": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726e65e708984140094d540": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": ". In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": ". In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms", + "5728eff82ca10214002daade": ". In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": ". In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": ". In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": ". In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "5726eb785951b619008f8275": " defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", + "5726eb785951b619008f8276": " a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes", + "5726eb785951b619008f8277": " a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes", + "5726eb785951b619008f8278": " multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", + "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": " defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": " defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": " multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": " defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5728f2e26aef051400154896": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5728f2e26aef051400154897": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5728f2e26aef051400154898": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5728f2e26aef051400154899": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": " a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": " a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": " The earliest known reference to immunity was during the plague of Athens", + "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": " a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system", + "5728f3724b864d1900165116": " a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system", + "5728f3724b864d1900165117": " a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system", + "5728f3724b864d1900165118": " a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system", + "5728f3724b864d1900165119": " a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": " layered defenses of increasing specificity", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses of increasing specificity", + "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses of increasing specificity", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses of increasing specificity", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": " layered defenses of increasing specificity", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": " layered defenses of increasing specificity", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses of increasing specificity", + "5728f7774b864d190016512e": " the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d190016512f": " the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d1900165130": " the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "-self molecules are those recognized as foreign molecules. One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for antibody generators)", + "5728f7774b864d1900165132": " (short for antibody generators)", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": " a pathogen", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": " a pathogen. The innate immune system is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": " a pathogen", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": " a pathogen. The innate immune system is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "axy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "axy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": " be completely sealed from their environments, other systems act to protect body openings such as the lungs, intestines, and the genitourinary tract", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "axy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": " be completely sealed from their environments, other systems act to protect body openings such as the lungs, intestines, and the genitourinary tract", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": " peptides", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "icrobial peptides", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "icrobial peptides", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection. The skin and respiratory tract secrete antimicrobial peptides", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "icrobial peptides", + "5728fd206aef05140015494c": " a healthy balance of microbial populations in intestinal infections in children", + "5728fd206aef05140015494d": " a healthy balance of microbial populations in intestinal infections in children", + "5728fd206aef05140015494e": " a healthy balance of microbial populations in intestinal infections in children", + "5728fd206aef05140015494f": " a healthy balance of microbial populations in intestinal infections in children", + "572900f73f37b31900477f69": ". Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": ". Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": ". Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": ". Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": ". Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells", + "572905ce1d04691400778f83": " cellular innate immunity performed by cells called 'phagocytes'", + "572905ce1d04691400778f84": " a respiratory burst that releases free radicals into the phagolysosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f85": " phagocyte, it becomes trapped in an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f86": " vesicle called a lysosome to form a phagolysosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f87": " a respiratory burst that releases free radicals into the phagolysosome", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": " a wide array of chemicals including enzymes, complement proteins, and regulatory factors", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": " a wide array of chemicals including enzymes, complement proteins, and regulatory factors", + "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": " engulfing and then killing microorganisms. Innate cells are also important mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": " engulfing and then killing microorganisms. Innate cells are also important mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": " engulfing and then killing microorganisms. Innate cells are also important mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system", + "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": " engulfing and then killing microorganisms. Innate cells are also important mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system", + "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": " a link between the bodily tissues and the innate and adaptive immune systems", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": " a link between the bodily tissues and the innate and adaptive immune systems", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": " a link between the bodily tissues and the innate and adaptive immune systems", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": " a link between the bodily tissues and the innate and adaptive immune systems", + "5729f06f1d04691400779674": " a cell-surface marker called MHC I", + "5729f06f1d04691400779673": " a cell-surface marker called MHC I", + "5729f06f1d04691400779675": " a cell-surface marker called MHC I", + "5729f06f1d04691400779676": " a cell-surface marker called MHC I", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "The adaptive immune system evolved in early vertebrates", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": " a stronger immune response as well as immunological memory, where each pathogen is \"remembered\" by a signature antigen", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": " a stronger immune response as well as immunological memory, where each pathogen is \"remembered\" by a signature antigen", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": " T cell", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": " a \"non-self\" target, such as a pathogen", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": " a \"non-self\" target, such as a pathogen", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": " a \"non-self\" target, such as a pathogen", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": " a \"self\" receptor called a major histocompatibility complex", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": " a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": " a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": " a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses", + "5729f39a6aef051400155150": " a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": " a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": " cell receptors", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": " MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": " MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": " cell receptors", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": " cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (\u03b1\u03b2) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": " cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (\u03b1\u03b2) T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": " cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (\u03b1\u03b2) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": " cell receptor (TCR)", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": " cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (\u03b1\u03b2) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "A B cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": " a specific foreign antigen. This antigen/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis", + "5729f799af94a219006aa707": " are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells", + "5729f799af94a219006aa708": " pathogen", + "5729f799af94a219006aa709": " pathogen", + "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": " pathogen", + "5729f8516aef05140015516c": ". Breast milk or colostrum also contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant", + "5729f8516aef05140015516d": " a particular type of antibody, called IgG, is transported from mother to baby", + "5729f8516aef05140015516e": ". Several layers of passive protection are provided by the mother", + "5729f8516aef05140015516f": " a particular type of antibody, called IgG, is transported from mother to baby", + "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": " immune system. For example, female sex hormones are known immunostimulators of both adaptive and innate immune responses", + "5729f9953f37b31900478620": " the immune system. For example, female sex hormones are known immunostimulators of both adaptive and innate immune responses", + "5729f9953f37b31900478621": ". For example, female sex hormones are known immunostimulators of both adaptive and innate immune responses", + "5729f9953f37b31900478622": ". By contrast, male sex hormones such as testosterone seem to be immunosuppressive. Other hormones appear to regulate the immune system", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": " a lower immune response", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": " a lower immune response", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": " a lower immune response", + "5729fb003f37b31900478627": " a progressive decline in hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals", + "5729fb003f37b31900478628": " hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals", + "5729fb003f37b31900478629": " hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals", + "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": ". The age-related decline in immune function is also related to decreasing vitamin D levels in the elderly", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": " the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": " the assistance of helper T cells", + "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": " the assistance of helper T cells", + "5729fd111d046914007796a5": " a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", + "5729fd111d046914007796a6": " a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", + "5729fd111d046914007796a7": " a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", + "5729fd111d046914007796a8": " a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", + "5729fd111d046914007796a9": " a plant. Individual plant cells respond to molecules associated with pathogens known as Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", + "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": " other end of immune dysfunction, particularly the autoimmune disorders. Here, the immune system fails to properly distinguish between self and non-self", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": " disorders. Here, the immune system fails to properly distinguish between self and non-self", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": " other end of immune dysfunction", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": ". Under normal circumstances, many T cells and antibodies react with \"self\" peptides", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": ". The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": ". The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": ". The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": ". The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": ". The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly", + "5729ffda1d046914007796af": " T cells", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": " T cells", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": " T cells", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": " T cells", + "572a019f3f37b31900478643": ". Therefore, pathogens evolved several methods that allow them to successfully infect a host, while evading detection or destruction by the immune system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478644": ". Therefore, pathogens evolved several methods that allow them to successfully infect a host, while evading detection or destruction by the immune system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478645": " several methods that allow them to successfully infect a host, while evading detection or destruction by the immune system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478646": " several methods that allow them to successfully infect a host, while evading detection or destruction by the immune system", + "572a02483f37b3190047864b": " Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST)", + "572a02483f37b3190047864c": " Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST)", + "572a02483f37b3190047864d": " Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST)", + "572a02483f37b3190047864e": " Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST)", + "572a03086aef0514001551a2": ". Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in conjunction with cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs", + "572a03086aef0514001551a3": ". Glucocorticoids are the most powerful of these drugs", + "572a03086aef0514001551a4": " other constantly dividing cells and their organs are affected", + "572a03086aef0514001551a5": " other constantly dividing cells and their organs are affected", + "572a04d51d046914007796cd": " an effective response against any intruding pathogens", + "572a04d51d046914007796ce": " any intruding pathogens", + "572a04d51d046914007796cf": " an effective response against any intruding pathogens", + "572a04d51d046914007796d0": " a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin during sleep times could actively counteract free radical production", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": " T-cell encounters a foreign pathogen", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": ". This is essentially a signaling device that allows the T-cell to bind to the active form of vitamin D, the steroid hormone calcitriol", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": ". This is essentially a signaling device that allows the T-cell to bind to the active form of vitamin D, the steroid hormone calcitriol", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": " T-cell expresses the gene CYP27B1", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": " calcitriol, but the T-cell expresses the gene CYP27B1", + "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "icrobial peptides called defensins are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response found in all animals and plants", + "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "tebrate life. Ribonucleases and the RNA interference pathway are conserved across all eukaryotes", + "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "icrobial peptides called defensins are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response found in all animals and plants", + "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "icrobial peptides called defensins are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response found in all animals and plants", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": " distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": " distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": " a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": " distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": " a unique defense mechanism, called the restriction modification system", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": " a unique defense mechanism, called the restriction modification system", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": " a unique defense mechanism, called the restriction modification system", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": " a unique defense mechanism, called the restriction modification system", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": " a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": " a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": " a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": " a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", + "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": " a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": ". Tumor cells often have a reduced number of MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": ". Tumor cells often have a reduced number of MHC class I molecules on their surface", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": ". Tumor cells often have a reduced number of MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": ". Tumor cells often have a reduced number of MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells", + "572a0bf96aef051400155204": " immune response that damages the body's own tissues", + "572a0bf96aef051400155205": ". They are divided into four classes (Type I \u2013 IV) based on the mechanisms involved and the time course of the hypersensitive reaction", + "572a0bf96aef051400155206": " immune response that damages the body's own tissues", + "572a0bf96aef051400155207": " immune response that damages the body's own tissues", + "572a0bf96aef051400155208": " the time course of the hypersensitive reaction", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": " a pathogen spends most of its life-cycle inside host cells, where it is shielded from direct contact with immune cells", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": " the innate immune system", + "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": " the innate immune system", + "572a0ce11d04691400779700": " the innate immune system", + "572a0ce11d04691400779701": " the innate immune system", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes", + "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": " immune surveillance. The transformed cells of tumors express antigens that are not found on normal cells", + "572a0f073f37b31900478680": " immune surveillance. The transformed cells of tumors express antigens that are not found on normal cells", + "572a0f073f37b31900478681": " immune surveillance. The transformed cells of tumors express antigens that are not found on normal cells", + "572a0f073f37b31900478682": " immune surveillance. The transformed cells of tumors express antigens that are not found on normal cells", + "572a0f073f37b31900478683": " immune surveillance. The transformed cells of tumors express antigens that are not found on normal cells", + "572a10cd6aef051400155222": " repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides and proteins", + "572a10cd6aef051400155223": " a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides", + "572a10cd6aef051400155224": " a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides", + "572a10cd6aef051400155225": " a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides", + "572a10cd6aef051400155226": " a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides", + "572a12386aef051400155234": " the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-12", + "572a12386aef051400155235": " a pro-inflammatory state through the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-12", + "572a12386aef051400155236": " a pro-inflammatory state through the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-12", + "572a12386aef051400155237": " a pro-inflammatory state through the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-12", + "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": " a rapid killing response. The speed of the response is a result of signal amplification that occurs following sequential proteolytic activation of complement molecules", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": " complement binding to antibodies that have attached to these microbes", + "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": " antibodies that have attached to these microbes", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": " a rapid killing response. The speed of the response is a result of signal amplification that occurs following sequential proteolytic activation of complement molecules", + "57271c235951b619008f860b": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "57271c235951b619008f860c": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "57271c235951b619008f860d": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "57271c235951b619008f860e": " nonviolent resistance movements in India", + "57271c235951b619008f860f": " nonviolent resistance movements in India", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", + "57271f125951b619008f8635": "ocles' play Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8636": " Sophocles' play Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8637": " Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8638": " Sophocles' play Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8639": " Sophocles' play Antigone", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": " Sophocles' play Antigone", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": " Sophocles' play Antigone", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": " Sophocles' play Antigone", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": " Sophocles' play Antigone", + "5727213c708984140094da35": " 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", + "5727213c708984140094da36": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "5727213c708984140094da38": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "5727213c708984140094da39": " A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau", + "5727213c708984140094da37": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": " The Mask of Anarchy", + "572726c9708984140094da7b": " Cohen", + "572726c9708984140094da7e": " Cohen", + "572726c9708984140094da7c": " Cohen", + "572726c9708984140094da7d": ". Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": ". Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": " Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": ". Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": " Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": " Cohen", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "Grande", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "Grand", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": " a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "uminous literature on the subject, the student of civil disobedience rapidly finds himself surrounded", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "e writes", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "Grande", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "LeGrande", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "Grande", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "Grand", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "Grand", + "57280f974b864d1900164370": " public official rather than private citizen", + "57280f974b864d1900164371": " public official rather than private citizen", + "57280f974b864d1900164372": " public official rather than private citizen", + "57280f974b864d1900164373": " public official rather than private citizen", + "57280f974b864d1900164374": " public official rather than private citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": " public official rather than private citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": " public official rather than private citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": " public official rather than private citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": " public official rather than private citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": " public official rather than private citizen", + "572812e74b864d19001643ce": " Thoreau", + "572812e74b864d19001643cf": " The individual is the final judge of right and wrong. More than this, since only individuals act, only individuals can act unjustly", + "572812e74b864d19001643d0": ". When the government knocks on the door, it is an individual in the form of a postman or tax collector", + "572812e74b864d19001643d1": ". When the government knocks on the door, it is an individual in the form of a postman or tax collector", + "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "oreau", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "oreau", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "oreau", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "oreau", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "oreau", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": ". The individual is the final judge of right and wrong. More than this, since only individuals act, only individuals can act unjustly", + "5728151b4b864d1900164428": " Brownlee", + "5728151b4b864d1900164429": " The same principle, she argues, applies to breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments", + "5728151b4b864d190016442a": " The same principle, she argues, applies to breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments", + "5728151b4b864d190016442b": " Brownlee", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": " Brownlee", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": " Brownlee", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": " Brownlee", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": " Brownlee", + "572818f54b864d190016446c": " publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience", + "572818f54b864d190016446d": " The Fully Informed Jury Association's publication \"A Primer for Prospective Jurors\"", + "572818f54b864d190016446e": " publicly announced", + "572818f54b864d190016446f": ": 15", + "572818f54b864d1900164470": " publicly announced", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": " The Fully Informed Jury Association's publication \"A Primer for Prospective Jurors\"", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": " The Fully Informed Jury Association's publication \"A Primer for Prospective Jurors\"", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": " The Fully Informed Jury Association's publication \"A Primer for Prospective Jurors\"", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": " The Fully Informed Jury Association's publication \"A Primer for Prospective Jurors\"", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": " The Fully Informed Jury Association", + "57281c594b864d19001644a2": ". Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "57281c594b864d19001644a3": ". Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "57281c594b864d19001644a4": ". Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "57281c594b864d19001644a5": ". Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "57281c594b864d19001644a6": ". Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": ". Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": ". Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": ". Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": ". Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "ary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": " simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": " The Declaration of Independence to \"alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": " a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "ary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": " laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "ary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "ary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": " laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": " simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", + "572822233acd2414000df555": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "572822233acd2414000df556": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "572822233acd2414000df557": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "572822233acd2414000df558": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "572822233acd2414000df559": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", + "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": " a harassment and, at least to the bystander, somewhat inane...The remoteness of the connection between the disobedient act", + "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": " (55 m", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": " a variety of different illegal acts. Bedau writes", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": " a variety", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": " (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days, successfully preventing it from being cut down", + "5728e5224b864d1900165032": ". Bedau writes", + "5728e5224b864d1900165033": " a harassment and, at least to the bystander, somewhat inane...The remoteness of the connection between the disobedient act", + "5728e5224b864d1900165034": " a harassment and, at least to the bystander, somewhat inane...The remoteness of the connection between the disobedient act", + "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "Civil disobedients", + "5728e5224b864d1900165036": " (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days, successfully preventing it from being cut down", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": " speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": " speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": " speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": " speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": " speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": " speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": " speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": " speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": " Brownlee", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": " their issue onto the table.\" The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": " Brownlee", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": " The Plowshares organization", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": " The Plowshares organization", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": " Brownlee", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": " Brownlee", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": " Brownlee", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": " Brownlee", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": " consent search of his property", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": " consent search of his property", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": " criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": " criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": " criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": " disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": " civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": " civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": " punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": " civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": ". It has also been argued that either choice is compatible with the spirit of civil disobedience. ACT-UP's Civil Disobedience Training handbook", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": ". It has also been argued that either choice is compatible with the spirit of civil disobedience. ACT-UP's Civil Disobedience Training handbook", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": ". It has also been argued that either choice is compatible with the spirit of civil disobedience. ACT-UP's Civil Disobedience Training handbook", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": ". It has also been argued that either choice is compatible with the spirit of civil disobedience. ACT-UP's Civil Disobedience Training handbook", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": " civil disobedients", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": " arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace, that afternoon. A well known civil rights attorney, Francis Heisler", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": " arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace, that afternoon. A well known civil rights attorney, Francis Heisler", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": " August 1957, at the Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": " arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace, that afternoon. A well known civil rights attorney, Francis Heisler", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": " protest in August 1957, at the Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": ". But that is different than the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": ". But that is different than the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "inn", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": ". But that is different than the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": " Gandhi", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": " Gandhi", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": " Gandhi", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": " Gandhi", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": " Gandhi", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": " speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution. In U.S. v. Burgos-Andujar", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": " speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution. In U.S. v. Burgos-Andujar", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": " disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution. In U.S. v. Burgos", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": " speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution. In U.S. v. Burgos-Andujar", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": " speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution. In U.S. v. Burgos-Andujar", + "5728facd4b864d1900165170": " A technical defense may enhance the chances for acquittal but make for more boring proceedings and reduced press coverage", + "5728facd4b864d1900165171": " A technical defense may enhance the chances for acquittal but make for more boring proceedings and reduced press coverage", + "5728facd4b864d1900165172": " A technical defense may enhance the chances for acquittal but make for more boring proceedings and reduced press coverage", + "5728facd4b864d1900165173": " A technical defense may enhance the chances for acquittal but make for more boring proceedings and reduced press coverage", + "5728facd4b864d1900165174": " A technical defense may enhance the chances for acquittal but make for more boring proceedings and reduced press coverage", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": ". Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": ". Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": ". Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": ". Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": ". Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": " shadow defense by civil disobedients", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": " shadow defense by civil disobedients", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": " shadow defense by civil disobedients", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": " shadow defense by civil disobedients", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "ts have distinguished between two types of civil disobedience", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": " Brownlee", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": " Brownlee", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": " Brownlee", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": " criminal punishment. Brownlee", + "57273a465951b619008f86ff": " a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry", + "57273a465951b619008f8700": " a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries", + "57273a465951b619008f8701": " mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser", + "57273a465951b619008f8702": " a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries", + "57273a465951b619008f8703": " mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry", + "57273cca708984140094db33": "Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", + "57273cca708984140094db34": "Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", + "57273cca708984140094db35": ". An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", + "57273cca708984140094db36": " The largest construction projects are referred to as megaprojects", + "57273cca708984140094db37": " project manager supervises it", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": ". Industrial includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants. There are other ways to break the industry", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": ", process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants. There are other ways to break the industry into sectors or markets", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": ". There are other ways to break the industry", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": " industrial", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": ". Industrial includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants. There are other ways to break the industry", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": " compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies. They publish a list of the largest companies in the United States (", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Record (ENR)", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": " Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": " a room", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": " a room, or renovation of a bathroom", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": " property", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": " construction is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": " property or construction of buildings", + "572742bd5951b619008f8785": " local building authority regulations and codes", + "572742bd5951b619008f8786": " local regulations, economies of scale (custom designed homes are often more expensive to build) and the availability of skilled tradespeople", + "572742bd5951b619008f8787": " local regulations, economies of scale (custom designed homes are often more expensive to build) and the availability of skilled tradespeople", + "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "idential construction practices, technologies, and resources", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": " January 2013", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": " January 2013", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": " January 2013", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": " January 2013", + "572745c6708984140094db9a": " A formal design team may be assembled", + "572745c6708984140094db99": " formal design team may be assembled", + "572745c6708984140094db9b": " formal design team", + "572745c6708984140094db9c": " formal design team may be assembled", + "572745c6708984140094db9d": " formal design team may be assembled", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": " interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": ". In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": " interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": " interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies", + "57274e975951b619008f87f9": " interior designers, engineers and constructors throughout design and construction. In response, many companies are growing beyond traditional offerings of design or construction services alone", + "57274e975951b619008f87fa": " interior designers, engineers and constructors throughout design and construction. In response, many companies are growing beyond traditional offerings of design or construction services alone", + "57274e975951b619008f87fb": " interior designers, engineers and constructors throughout design and construction. In response, many companies are growing beyond traditional offerings of design or construction services alone", + "57274f67708984140094dbf5": " Financial planning", + "57274f67708984140094dbf6": " Financial planning for the project is intended to ensure that a solid plan with adequate safeguards and contingency plans are in place before the project is started", + "57274f67708984140094dbf7": " Financial planning for the project is intended to ensure that a solid plan with adequate safeguards and contingency plans are in place before the project is started", + "57274f67708984140094dbf8": " Financial planning for the project is intended to ensure that a solid plan with adequate safeguards and contingency plans are in place before the project is started", + "5727502f708984140094dc07": " accountants, and cost engineers", + "5727502f708984140094dc08": "gage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project", + "5727502f708984140094dc09": "gage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project", + "5727502f708984140094dc0b": " and cost engineers", + "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "gage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": " legal requirements come from malum in se considerations", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner", + "572751b4708984140094dc1b": " construction project", + "572751b4708984140094dc1c": " construction project", + "572751b4708984140094dc1d": " contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties", + "572751b4708984140094dc1e": " obligations between two or more parties", + "572751b4708984140094dc1f": " contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": " Public-Private Partnering (PPPs) aka private finance initiatives", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": " Public-Private Partnering (PPPs)", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": " procurement that involve relationship contracting", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": " Public-Private Partnering (PPPs) aka private finance initiatives", + "572753335951b619008f8853": " construction procurement", + "572753335951b619008f8854": " construction procurement", + "572753335951b619008f8855": " main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8856": " construction procurement", + "572753335951b619008f8857": " project coordinator. His or her role is to design the works, prepare the specifications and produce construction drawings", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner produces a list of requirements", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "Before the foundation can be dug, contractors are typically required to verify and have existing utility lines marked", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": " a company specializing in such services. This lessens the likelihood of damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": ". This lessens the likelihood of damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": " a company specializing in such services. This lessens the likelihood of damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": " a company specializing in such services. This lessens the likelihood of damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", + "572755b7708984140094dc4d": " $960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau", + "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "200,000 general contractors, 38,000 heavy, and 432,000 specialty); the average contractor employed fewer than 10 employees", + "572755b7708984140094dc4f": " $960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau", + "572755b7708984140094dc50": " $960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau", + "572755b7708984140094dc51": " $960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": " \u00a342,090", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": " \u00a342,090", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": " \u00a342,090", + "572756fe708984140094dc71": " most dangerous occupations in the world, incurring more occupational fatalities than any other sector in both the United States and in the European Union", + "572756fe708984140094dc72": " incurring more occupational fatalities than any other sector in both the United States and in the European Union", + "572756fe708984140094dc73": " incurring more occupational fatalities than any other sector in both the United States and in the European Union", + "572756fe708984140094dc74": ". Falls are one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": " schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": " schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", + "572746addd62a815002e9a60": " schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", + "572746addd62a815002e9a61": " schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", + "57274712708984140094dbad": " $45,000 at several New England preparatory schools", + "57274712708984140094dbae": " education in North America", + "57274712708984140094dbaf": " education in North America", + "57274712708984140094dbb0": " education in North America", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12 (year twelve is known as lower sixth)", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12 (year twelve is known as lower sixth)", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12 (year twelve is known as lower sixth) and year 13 (", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12 (year twelve is known as lower sixth)", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12 (year twelve is known as lower sixth) and year 13 (", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": " a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": " a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": " a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "Private schools", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": " schools", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": " Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally stricter and more formal than in government schools", + "57274971708984140094dbbb": "aligned", + "57274971708984140094dbbc": " Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church, but in most cases, they do not insist on their students\u2019 religious allegiance", + "57274971708984140094dbbd": " are non-aligned", + "57274971708984140094dbbe": "Although most are non-aligned", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "agraph 4", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "The right to create private schools", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "agraph 4", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "The right to create private schools", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "agraph 4", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": " schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or religious groups. These schools offer the same types of diplomas as public schools", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": " schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or religious groups. These schools offer the same types of diplomas as public schools", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": " schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or religious groups. These schools offer the same types of diplomas as public schools", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "nzungsschulen", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": " a type of education which is not available at public schools", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": " private organizations or rarely, religious groups and offer a type of education which is not available at public schools", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": " schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups and offer a type of education which is not available at public schools", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": " school leaving certificates. Prominent Examination Boards that are present in multiple states", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": " schools are called independent schools", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": " schools are called independent schools", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": " private schools are called independent schools", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": " school inspectors who check compliance and to fewer schools in a country that has the largest adult illiterate population in the world", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": " societies can run schools in India", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": " school inspectors who check compliance and to fewer schools in a country that has the largest adult illiterate population in the world", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": " school inspectors who check compliance and to fewer schools in a country that has the largest adult illiterate population in the world", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "profit trusts and societies can run schools", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": " \u20ac5,000 annually", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": " \u20ac5,000 annually", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": " \u20ac5,000 annually", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": " \u20ac5,000 annually", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": " \u20ac5,000 annually", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": " assimilated into the National School system", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": " assimilated into the National School system", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": " assimilated into the National School system", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": " assimilated into the National School system", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": " assimilated into the National School system", + "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals", + "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals, private organizations and religious groups", + "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Public School\" appended to them", + "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals", + "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals", + "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", + "57274eca5951b619008f8800": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", + "57274eca5951b619008f8801": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", + "57274eca5951b619008f8802": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", + "57274eca5951b619008f8803": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Private schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": " schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Private schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": " schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": " schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", + "5727500f708984140094dbfd": " Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", + "5727500f708984140094dbfe": " Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", + "5727500f708984140094dbff": " Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", + "5727500f708984140094dc00": " Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", + "5727500f708984140094dc01": " private sector has been a major provider of educational services, accounting for about 7.5% of primary enrollment", + "572750df5951b619008f882f": " Contract", + "572750df5951b619008f8830": "The Education Service Contract", + "572750df5951b619008f8831": "The Education Service Contract", + "5727515f708984140094dc11": " church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", + "5727515f708984140094dc12": " church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", + "5727515f708984140094dc13": " church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", + "5727515f708984140094dc14": " church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", + "5727515f708984140094dc15": " schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", + "57275409708984140094dc35": " legal form of \"Model C\" was abolished", + "57275409708984140094dc36": " schools formerly reserved for white children.. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools", + "57275409708984140094dc37": " schools formerly reserved for white children.. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools", + "572754dd708984140094dc3b": " schools in 2008", + "572754dd708984140094dc3c": " school and the private school gets paid the same amount as municipal schools. Over 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008", + "572754dd708984140094dc3d": " school and the private school gets paid the same amount as municipal schools", + "572754dd708984140094dc3e": " school", + "572754dd708984140094dc3f": " school and the private school gets paid the same amount as municipal schools", + "572756265951b619008f886d": "Private schools", + "572756265951b619008f886e": " public schools", + "572756265951b619008f886f": " public schools", + "572756265951b619008f8870": " public schools", + "572756265951b619008f8871": " public schools", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "In many parts of the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v. Board of Education", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", + "572759665951b619008f8883": " 1852", + "572759665951b619008f8884": " 1852", + "572759665951b619008f8885": " 1852", + "572759665951b619008f8886": " 1852", + "572759665951b619008f8887": " 1852", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": " $40,000 annually for day schools in New York City", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": " $40,000 annually for day schools in New York City", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": ". The leading schools such as the Groton School had substantial endowments running to hundreds of millions of dollars", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": " $40,000 annually for day schools", + "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities", + "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities", + "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities", + "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities", + "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "'s large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. It operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "'s large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. It operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": " Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents, several foreign heads of state, 62 living billionaires, 335 Rhodes Scholars, and 242 Marshall Scholars", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": " Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents, several foreign heads of state, 62 living billionaires, 335 Rhodes Scholars, and 242 Marshall Scholars", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": " Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents, several foreign heads of state, 62 living billionaires, 335 Rhodes Scholars, and 242 Marshall Scholars", + "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "The University is organized into eleven separate academic units\u2014ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", + "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", + "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "The University is organized into eleven separate academic units\u2014ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", + "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "The University is organized into eleven separate academic units\u2014ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", + "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": " 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": " 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": " 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": " 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": " 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": " ministers.[citation needed] (A 1643 publication", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": " 1643 publication", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": " 1643 publication", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": " 1803", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": " 1803", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": " 1803", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": " 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": " 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": " 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": " 1869", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": " 1869", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": " 1869", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "1953", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "1953) reinvigorated creative scholarship to guarantee its preeminence among research institutions", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1953", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": " classes. Nonetheless, Harvard's undergraduate population remained predominantly male", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": " classes. Nonetheless, Harvard's undergraduate population remained predominantly male", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": " classes. Nonetheless, Harvard's undergraduate population remained predominantly male", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "umnus Edward Harkness", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": " 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": " 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": " 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": " Public Health are located on a 21-", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "The Harvard Business School", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "The Harvard Business School", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": " tram. Plans also call for sinking part of Storrow Drive (at Harvard's expense", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": " tram. Plans also call for sinking part of Storrow Drive (at Harvard's expense", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": " tram. Plans also call for sinking part of Storrow Drive (at Harvard's expense", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "1869", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "1869", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "1869", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "1869", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1869", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": " $28 billion in September 2010", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": " $28 billion in September 2010", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": " $28 billion in September 2010", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": " $28 billion in September 2010", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": " $28 billion in September 2010", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": " Consul Duke Kent-Brown", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": " Consul Duke Kent-Brown", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": " Consul Duke Kent-Brown", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": " Carnegie Foundation as \"more selective, lower transfer-in\". Harvard College accepted 5.3% of applicants for the class of 2019", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": " 2019, a record low and the second lowest acceptance rate among all national universities", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": " 2019, a record low and the second lowest acceptance rate among all national universities", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": " 2019, a record low and the second lowest acceptance rate among all national universities", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": " Advancement of Teaching", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": " four-year, full-time undergraduate program", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": " Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": " honors-eligible program requiring a senior thesis and/or advanced course work", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": " a senior thesis and/or advanced course work. Students graduating in the top 4\u20135% of the class are awarded degrees summa cum laude", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": " honors-eligible program requiring a senior thesis and/or advanced course work", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": " honors-eligible program requiring a senior thesis", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": " $", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": " $38,000, with a total cost of attendance of $57,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": " $57,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": " $38,000, with a total cost of attendance of $57,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": " $38,000", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": " Cabot Science Library", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "The Harvard University Library System", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "The Harvard University Library System", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": " Cabot Science Library", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": " Museums comprises three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": " Museums comprises three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "vard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums. The Harvard Art Museums", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": " THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": " THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": " THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "The Harvard Crimson", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "The Harvard Crimson competes in 42 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Ivy League. Harvard has an intense athletic rivalry with Yale", + "5727da564b864d1900163e90": " athletic rivalry with Yale", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": " 1875", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": " 1875", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": " 1875", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": " 1875", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": " Lavietes Pavilion, a multi-purpose arena and home to the Harvard basketball teams. The Malkin Athletic Center", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": " athletic facilities, such as the Lavietes Pavilion", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": " several athletic facilities, such as the Lavietes Pavilion", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": " 23 years, the Harvard-Yale Regatta was the original source of the athletic rivalry between the two schools", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": " 23 years, the Harvard-Yale Regatta was the original source of the athletic rivalry between the two schools", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "-Yale Regatta was the original source of the athletic rivalry between the two schools", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": " The Game by 23 years, the Harvard-Yale Regatta", + "5727de862ca10214002d9860": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", + "5727de862ca10214002d9861": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", + "5727de862ca10214002d9862": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", + "5727de862ca10214002d9863": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": " leader W. E. B. Du Bois; philosopher Henry David Thoreau; authors Ralph Waldo Emerson and William S. Burroughs", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": " leader W. E. B. Du Bois; philosopher Henry David Thoreau; authors Ralph Waldo Emerson and William S. Burroughs", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": " rights leader W. E. B. Du Bois", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": " leader W. E. B. Du Bois; philosopher Henry David Thoreau; authors Ralph Waldo Emerson and William S. Burroughs", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": ". O. Wilson, cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, physicists Lisa Randall and Roy Glauber, chemists Elias Corey, Dudley R. Hers", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": ". O. Wilson", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": ". O. Wilson, cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, physicists Lisa Randall and Roy Glauber, chemists Elias Corey, Dudley R. Hers", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": ".S. state of Florida", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": " is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": " 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": " 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": " 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": " 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": " 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": " deep-water port. Its riverine location facilitates two United States Navy bases", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": " two United States Navy bases and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": " two United States Navy bases and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": " deep-water port. Its riverine location facilitates two United States Navy bases and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": " Preserve", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": " 1562", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": " 1562", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": " 1562", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": " 1562", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": " 1562", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": " 1763", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": " 1763", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": " 1763", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": " 1763", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": " 1763", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": " Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": " Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": " Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": " Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": " Skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": " railroad. President Grover Cleveland attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in the city on February 22, 1888", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": " February 22, 1888", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": " February 22, 1888", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": " February 22, 1888", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": " February 22, 1888", + "5728170d3acd2414000df443": " May 3", + "5728170d3acd2414000df444": " May 3", + "5728170d3acd2414000df445": " May 3", + "5728170d3acd2414000df446": " May 3", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": " warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor. Over the course of the decade, more than 30 silent film studios were established", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": " film industry", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": " film industry", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": " film industry. One converted movie studio site, Norman Studios", + "57281ab63acd2414000df493": " public building projects", + "57281ab63acd2414000df494": " public building projects", + "57281ab63acd2414000df495": " public building projects", + "57281ab63acd2414000df496": " public building projects", + "57281ab63acd2414000df497": " public building projects", + "57281bb84b864d190016449a": " annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base to improve services throughout the county", + "57281bb84b864d190016449b": " annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base to improve services throughout the county", + "57281bb84b864d190016449c": " annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base to improve services throughout the county", + "57281bb84b864d190016449d": " annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base to improve services throughout the county", + "57281d494b864d19001644be": " public spending and effective administration", + "57281d494b864d19001644bf": " public spending and effective administration", + "57281d494b864d19001644c0": " public spending and effective administration", + "57281d494b864d19001644c1": " public spending and effective administration", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": " October 1, 1968, the governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": " public works, and housing & urban development", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": " public works, and housing & urban development", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": " public works, and housing & urban development were all combined", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": " public works, and housing & urban development", + "572820512ca10214002d9e72": " 874.3 square miles (2,264 km2), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States", + "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "74.3 square miles (2,264 km2), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States", + "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "74.3 square miles (2,264 km2), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States", + "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "74.3 square miles (2,264 km2), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States", + "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "74.3 square miles (2,264 km2), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States", + "572821274b864d1900164510": " Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990", + "572821274b864d1900164511": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990", + "572821274b864d1900164512": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline", + "572821274b864d1900164513": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990", + "572821274b864d1900164514": " Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": " weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": " weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": " weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": " weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": " July 11, 1879", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": " July 11, 1879", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": " July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": " July 11, 1879", + "572824f13acd2414000df58f": " 1871", + "572824f13acd2414000df590": " 1871", + "572824f13acd2414000df591": " 1871", + "572824f13acd2414000df592": " 1871", + "572824f13acd2414000df593": " 1871", + "572826634b864d19001645be": "Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida", + "572826634b864d19001645bf": " twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[update], there were 821,784 people and 366,273 households", + "572826634b864d19001645c0": " twelfth most populous city in the United States", + "572826634b864d19001645c1": " twelfth most populous city in the United States", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": ". The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population was spread out", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": " were 366,273 households out of which 11.8% were vacant. 23.9% of households had children under the age of 18", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": ". The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population was spread out", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": " were 366,273 households", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": " $41 trillion", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": " $41 trillion", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": " $41 trillion", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": " $41 trillion", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": " $41 trillion", + "5729d36b1d04691400779607": " $41 trillion", + "5729d36b1d04691400779608": " $41 trillion", + "5729d36b1d04691400779609": " $41 trillion", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": " $41 trillion", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": " $41 trillion", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": ".\" According to the New York Times on July 22", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", + "5729d44b1d04691400779611": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", + "5729d44b1d04691400779612": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", + "5729d44b1d04691400779613": ".\" According to the New York Times on July 22", + "5729d44b1d04691400779614": " a \"substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, \"", + "5729d44b1d04691400779615": " July 22", + "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "ian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers)", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "ian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers)", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": " a situation of relatively stagnant wages for the working class", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": " a situation of relatively stagnant wages for the working class", + "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "In Marxian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits", + "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "ian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers)", + "5729d609af94a219006aa663": " a situation of relatively stagnant wages for the working class", + "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "ian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers)", + "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "ian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers)", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": " capitalist mode of production (i.e. where professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": " work a large amount of time (high supply)", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": " a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": " Professional and labor organizations", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": " labor organizations", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply)", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": ". Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "). However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "). However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": ". Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": ". Necessity-based entrepreneurship", + "5729de24af94a219006aa689": ". Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": ". Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": " The economic impact of the former type of entrepreneurialism tends to be redistributive", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": ". Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": ". Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter", + "5727ef664b864d1900164060": " tax system", + "5727ef664b864d1900164061": " A progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount", + "5727ef664b864d1900164062": " tax system", + "5727ef664b864d1900164063": " tax system", + "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "Another cause is the rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of the tax system", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": " tax system", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": " tax system", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": " tax system", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": ". Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": ". Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": ". Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": " an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages for those with this education, however, increases in education first increase and then decrease", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": ". Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages for those with this education", + "5729e1101d04691400779641": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", + "5729e1101d04691400779642": ". Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages for those with this education", + "5729e1101d04691400779643": ". Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages for those with this education", + "5729e1101d04691400779644": ". Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages", + "5729e1101d04691400779645": ". Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages for those with this education", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", + "5727f2714b864d1900164072": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f2714b864d1900164073": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f2714b864d1900164074": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f2714b864d1900164075": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f2714b864d1900164076": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": " the reduction of business regulation", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": " unionization, particularly in Scandinavia, have very low levels of inequality", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": " unionization, particularly in Scandinavia", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": " organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", + "5727f7523acd2414000df110": " organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", + "5729e4291d04691400779651": " organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", + "5729e4291d04691400779652": "field of the University of Washington", + "5729e4291d04691400779653": "field of the University of Washington asserts that the decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap", + "5729e4291d04691400779654": " organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", + "5729e4291d04691400779655": " organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": " a global to a domestic scale", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": " a global to a domestic scale", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": " Krugman", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": " Krugman estimates that trade liberalisation has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": " a global to a domestic scale", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": " a global to a domestic scale", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": " Krugman estimates that trade liberalisation has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States", + "5729f1283f37b319004785da": " a global to a domestic scale", + "5729f1283f37b319004785db": " Krugman", + "5727fd123acd2414000df185": ". Thomas Sowell", + "5727fd123acd2414000df186": ". Thomas Sowell", + "5727fd123acd2414000df187": ". Thomas Sowell", + "5727fd123acd2414000df188": ". Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": ". Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": ". Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": ". Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": ". Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "owell", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": ". Eventually, through various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "nets", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": ". Eventually, through various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": ". As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "uznets", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": " possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "nets", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": ". As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": ". Eventually, through various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", + "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "nets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", + "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "nets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "nets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "nets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": " developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "nets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": " developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": " decrease given time. As an example, income inequality did fall in the United States during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "Plotting the relationship between level of income and inequality", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "wealthy individuals", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "wealthy individuals", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": " theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "ty", + "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": ". Thomas Piketty in his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century", + "5729f4e46aef051400155157": " A better explainer of growing inequality, according to Stiglitz, is the use of political power generated by wealth by certain groups to shape government policies", + "5729f4e46aef051400155156": " A better explainer of growing inequality, according to Stiglitz", + "5729f4e46aef051400155158": " Joseph Stiglitz", + "5729f4e46aef051400155159": " A better explainer of growing inequality, according to Stiglitz, is the use of political power generated by wealth by certain groups to shape government policies", + "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": " A better explainer of growing inequality, according to Stiglitz, is the use of political power generated by wealth by certain groups to shape government policies", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": " a lower level of economic utility", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": " Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": " Shiller", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": " Shiller", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": " Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": " Shiller", + "572a06866aef0514001551be": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", + "572a06866aef0514001551bf": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", + "572a06866aef0514001551c0": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", + "572a06866aef0514001551c2": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", + "572a06866aef0514001551c1": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "For most of human history higher material living standards \u2013 full stomachs, access to clean water and warmth from fuel \u2013 led to better health and longer lives", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": ". This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": ". This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": ". This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": ". This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": ". Creating an index of \"Health and Social Problems\"", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": " nine factors", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": ". Creating an index of \"Health and Social Problems\"", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": ". Creating an index of \"Health and Social Problems\"", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": ". Creating an index of \"Health and Social Problems\"", + "572a0a391d046914007796df": "veloped countries", + "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "Crime rate has also been shown to be correlated with inequality in society. Most studies looking into the relationship have concentrated on homicides", + "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "Crime rate has also been shown to be correlated with inequality in society. Most studies looking into the relationship have concentrated on homicides", + "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "veloped countries", + "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "veloped countries", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": " A house that provides less utility to a millionaire", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": " utilitarian principle of seeking the greatest good for the greatest number \u2013 economic inequality", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": " A house that provides less utility to a millionaire", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": " A house that provides less utility to a millionaire", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": " A house that provides less utility to a millionaire", + "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", + "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", + "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", + "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", + "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist Raghuram Rajan", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": " of 2007\u201308", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": " of 2007\u201308", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": " of 2007\u201308 being the most recent example. To compensate for stagnating and declining purchasing power", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": " a tendency to go \"from bubble to bubble\"", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": " International Monetary Fund economists, inequality in wealth and income is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": " International Monetary Fund economists, inequality in wealth and income is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": " International Monetary Fund economists, inequality in wealth and income is negatively correlated", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": " International Monetary Fund economists, inequality in wealth and income is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": " International Monetary Fund economists, inequality in wealth and income is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": " Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": " redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "According to economists David Castells-Quintana", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": " redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": " redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": " Joseph Stiglitz", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": " Joseph Stiglitz", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "itz", + "572a1046af94a219006aa790": " Joseph Stiglitz", + "572a1046af94a219006aa791": " Joseph Stiglitz", + "572a11663f37b31900478693": " Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", + "572a11663f37b31900478694": " Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", + "572a11663f37b31900478695": " A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", + "572a11663f37b31900478696": " Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", + "572a11663f37b31900478697": " Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", + "572a12381d0469140077972d": " A study of Swedish counties", + "572a12381d0469140077972e": " A study of Swedish counties", + "572a12381d0469140077972c": " A study of Swedish counties between 1960", + "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro", + "572a12381d0469140077972f": " A study of Swedish counties", + "572a13841d0469140077973b": "ty", + "572a13841d0469140077973c": "ty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\" reduced inequality", + "572a13841d0469140077973d": "ty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\" reduced inequality", + "572a13841d0469140077973e": "ty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\" reduced inequality", + "572a13841d0469140077973f": "Studies on income inequality and growth", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": " A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": " A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": " A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": " A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": " A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": " human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": ". The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction \u2013 the growth elasticity of poverty", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": " central role economic growth can potentially play in human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": " human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": " central role economic growth can potentially play in human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": " extra-legal ownership include excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": " poor and developing countries much land and housing is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system", + "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "arized but failing to have them recorded", + "572a1ba46aef051400155291": " formal or legal property ownership registration system", + "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "arized but failing to have them recorded", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "A number of researchers (", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": ":148). Through gentrification of older neighbourhoods, for example, in East New York, rental prices increased rapidly", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": ":148). Through gentrification of older neighbourhoods, for example, in East New York, rental prices increased rapidly", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": ":148). Through gentrification of older neighbourhoods, for example, in East New York, rental prices increased rapidly", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": " East New York, rental prices increased rapidly as landlords found new residents willing to pay higher market rate for housing and left lower income families without rental units", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "ational consumption describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "ational consumption describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": " debt. The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": " aspirational consumption describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "ational consumption describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, in more environmental degradation", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": " private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "ists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to the private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "ists", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": " a wage or salary. In order to rectify this situation, socialists argue that the means of production should be socially owned", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "ists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to the private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners", + "572a20816aef0514001552e4": " a certain amount of redistribution would be justified to compensate for this force but not because of the inequalities themselves. John Rawls argued in A Theory of Justice", + "572a20816aef0514001552e5": " a certain amount of redistribution would be justified to compensate for this force but not because of the inequalities themselves. John Rawls", + "572a20816aef0514001552e6": " a certain amount of redistribution would be justified to compensate for this force but not because of the inequalities themselves. John Rawls argued in A Theory of Justice", + "572a20816aef0514001552e7": " a certain amount of redistribution would be justified to compensate for this force but not because of the inequalities themselves. John Rawls argued in A Theory of Justice", + "572a20816aef0514001552e8": " a certain amount of redistribution would be justified to compensate for this force but not because of the inequalities themselves. John Rawls argued in A Theory of Justice", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": " \u201ccapability deprivation\u201d", + "572a2224af94a219006aa823": " education or working outside the home", + "572a2224af94a219006aa824": " earning as much income as they would otherwise. An old, ill man cannot earn as much as a healthy young man", + "572a2224af94a219006aa825": " education or working outside the home", + "572a2224af94a219006aa826": " earn as much as a healthy young man", + "572a2224af94a219006aa827": " education or working outside the home", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "ravelling space ship. Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": " British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "ravelling space ship. Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963", + "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": " British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals", + "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "The show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has become a cult television favourite. The show has influenced generations of British television professionals", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": "travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi", + "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": "travelling nature of the plot means that, on occasion, different Doctors have met each other. Peter Capaldi", + "5727f2583acd2414000df087": " local objects as a disguise. However, the Doctor's TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British Police box", + "5727f2583acd2414000df088": " local objects as a disguise. However, the Doctor's TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British Police box", + "5727f2583acd2414000df089": " TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British Police box", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": " TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British Police box", + "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": " TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British Police box", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "The Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions to share these adventures", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "The Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions to share these adventures", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": " minimal resources, such as his versatile sonic screwdriver. As a Time Lord", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "The Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions to share these adventures", + "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": "The Doctor", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", + "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": " a decline in the public perception of the show and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": " a decline in the public perception of the show and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": "The BBC drama department's serials division", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": " a decline in the public perception of the show and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989", + "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": " a decline in the public perception of the show and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": " Fox Network in 1996 as a co-production between Fox, Universal Pictures, the BBC and BBC Worldwide", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": " Fox Network in 1996 as a co-production between Fox, Universal Pictures, the BBC and BBC Worldwide", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": " Fox Network in 1996 as a co-production between Fox, Universal Pictures, the BBC and BBC Worldwide", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": " Fox Network in 1996 as a co-production between Fox, Universal Pictures, the BBC and BBC Worldwide", + "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": " Fox Network in 1996 as a co-production between Fox, Universal Pictures, the BBC and BBC Worldwide", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": " 26 March 2005. There have since been nine further series in 2006\u20132008 and 2010\u2013", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": " 26 March 2005", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": " 26 March 2005", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": " episode \"Rose\" on BBC One on 26 March 2005", + "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": " 26 March 2005", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": " a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[note 2", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[note 2", + "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[note 2", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": " minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": " minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": " minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": " F. Kennedy", + "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": " ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\"", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", + "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa\"", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": " The same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show as \"very unsuitable\" for family viewing", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": "A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that, by their own definition of violence (\"", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": " family viewing", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": " family viewing", + "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": " The same report found that 3% of the surveyed audience regarded the show as \"very unsuitable\" for family viewing", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": "The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": " public's consciousness", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": " public's consciousness", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": " box as a time machine. In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS' blue police box", + "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": " TARDIS' blue police box design", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": " 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": " 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": " 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": " 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", + "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": " 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", + "572801823acd2414000df1fb": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes with adverts, on overseas commercial channels), and an extended episode broadcast on Christmas Day", + "572801823acd2414000df1fc": "The serial format changed for the 2005 revival, with each series usually consisting of 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (", + "572801823acd2414000df1fd": " serial format changed for the 2005 revival", + "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "The serial format changed for the 2005 revival", + "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "The serial format changed for the 2005 revival", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "826 Doctor Who instalments have been televised", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": " televised", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": " televised since 1963", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": " televised", + "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": " televised", + "572803493acd2414000df229": " 97 of 253 episodes produced during the first six years of the programme are not held in the BBC's archives (", + "572803493acd2414000df22a": " tape and film libraries were either destroyed", + "572803493acd2414000df22b": " tape and film libraries were either destroyed", + "572803493acd2414000df22c": "Between about 1964", + "572803493acd2414000df22d": " about 1964", + "572804522ca10214002d9b94": " private individuals who acquired them by various means. Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans", + "572804522ca10214002d9b95": " private individuals who acquired them by various means. Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans", + "572804522ca10214002d9b97": " private individuals who acquired them by various means. Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans", + "572804522ca10214002d9b96": " colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans", + "572804522ca10214002d9b98": " private individuals who acquired them by various means. Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans", + "572805363acd2414000df26d": "Official\" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC", + "572805363acd2414000df26e": "Official\" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS", + "572805363acd2414000df26f": "Official\" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS", + "572805363acd2414000df270": "Official\" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS", + "572805363acd2414000df271": "Official\" reconstructions have also been released by the BBC on VHS", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": " Hartnell's poor health. The actual term \"regeneration\" was not initially conceived", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": " Hartnell's poor health. The actual term \"regeneration\" was not initially conceived", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": " Hartnell's poor health. The actual term \"regeneration\" was not initially conceived", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": " Hartnell's poor health. The actual term \"regeneration\" was not initially conceived", + "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": " Hartnell's poor health. The actual term \"regeneration\" was not initially conceived", + "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "The serials The Deadly Assassin", + "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "The serials The Deadly Assassin", + "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "The serials The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead", + "572808bf4b864d190016429d": "The serials The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead", + "572808bf4b864d190016429e": "The serials The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead", + "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": " guest roles. Notably, in 2013, John Hurt guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor", + "572809ab4b864d19001642af": " guest roles. Notably, in 2013, John Hurt guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": " guest roles. Notably, in 2013, John Hurt guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": " War Doctor", + "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": ". Notably, in 2013, John Hurt guest-starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor known as the War Doctor", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": " Hartnell. Patrick Troughton again returned in 1985's The Two Doctors", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": " The Three Doctors, William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": " The Three Doctors, William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": " Hartnell. Patrick Troughton again returned in 1985's The Two Doctors", + "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": " Hartnell. Patrick Troughton again returned in 1985's The Two Doctors", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": " Doctors have returned in new adventures together in audio dramas based on the series. Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": " archive recordings", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": " dramas based on the series. Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": " Sylvester McCoy", + "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": " dramas based on the series. Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", + "57280e323acd2414000df349": " (1983", + "57280e323acd2414000df34a": " (1983", + "57280e323acd2414000df34b": " (1983", + "57280e323acd2414000df34c": " (1983", + "57280e323acd2414000df34d": " (1983", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": " serial, An Unearthly Child", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", + "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "The companion figure \u2013 generally a human \u2013 has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": "The companion figure \u2013 generally a human \u2013 has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "The companion figure \u2013 generally a human \u2013 has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "The companion figure \u2013 generally a human \u2013 has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963", + "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "The companion figure \u2013 generally a human \u2013 has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963", + "572811434b864d190016438c": "Noel Clarke) and Jack Harkness (John Barrowman) recurring as secondary companion figures", + "572811434b864d190016438d": "Noel Clarke) and Jack Harkness", + "572811434b864d190016438e": "at", + "572811434b864d190016438f": "Noel Clarke) and Jack Harkness", + "572811434b864d1900164390": "Noel Clarke) and Jack Harkness", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": " Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nest", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": " Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nest", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": "ons with the Nest", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": "ons with the Nest", + "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": " Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nest", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": "The Dalek race, which first appeared in the show's second serial in 1963, are Doctor Who's oldest villains", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "The Dalek race", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "ek", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": "The Dalek", + "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": "ek race", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "The Master is the Doctor", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": " Who's hiatus in 1989. The Master returned in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who, and was played by American actor Eric Roberts", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": "The Master is the Doctor", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "The Master is the Doctor", + "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "The Master is the Doctor", + "572814882ca10214002d9d72": " Tenth Doctor's tenure. As of the 2014 episode \"Dark Water,\" it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation", + "572814882ca10214002d9d73": " Tenth Doctor's tenure. As of the 2014 episode \"Dark Water,\" it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation", + "572814882ca10214002d9d74": " Tenth Doctor's tenure. As of the 2014 episode \"Dark Water,\" it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation", + "572814882ca10214002d9d75": " Tenth Doctor's tenure. As of the 2014 episode \"Dark Water,\" it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation", + "572814882ca10214002d9d76": " Tenth Doctor's tenure. As of the 2014 episode \"Dark Water,\" it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation", + "572816213acd2414000df429": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", + "572816213acd2414000df42a": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop", + "572816213acd2414000df42b": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop", + "572816213acd2414000df42c": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop", + "572816213acd2414000df42d": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": " The Trial of a Time Lord", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": " The Trial of a Time Lord", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": " The Trial of a Time Lord", + "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": " The Trial of a Time Lord", + "572817802ca10214002d9db4": " The Trial of a Time Lord", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": " Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, \"Voyage of the Damned\"; Gold returned as composer", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": " Classic FM", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": " Classic FM", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": " hostile reception from some viewers. In 2011, the theme tune charted at number 228 of radio station Classic FM", + "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": " Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, \"Voyage of the Damned\"; Gold returned as composer", + "572819864b864d190016447e": ". 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia", + "572819864b864d190016447f": ". 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia", + "572819864b864d1900164480": ". 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia", + "572819864b864d1900164481": " music", + "572819864b864d1900164482": ". 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson", + "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": "The most frequent musical contributor", + "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson", + "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": " Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales from the 2005 Christmas episode \"The Christmas Invasion\" onwards", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": " Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales from the 2005 Christmas episode \"The Christmas Invasion\" onwards", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "ks and Cybermen appeared whilst music from their stories was played. The concert aired on BBCi on Christmas Day 2006", + "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": "All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": " The first featured tracks from the first two series, the second and third featured music from the third and fourth series respectively", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "Six soundtrack releases have been released since 2005", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": " Series 5 was released on 8 November 2010", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": " 4 October 2010", + "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": " The first featured tracks from the first two series, the second and third featured music from the third and fourth series respectively", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "The original logo used for the First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor)", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "The original logo used for the First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor)", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "The original logo used for the First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor)", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": "The original logo used for the First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor)", + "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "The original logo used for the First Doctor (and briefly for the Second Doctor)", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "iering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "iering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "a 1964\u20131965", + "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "iering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": " ITV network strike of 1979", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": " ITV network strike of 1979", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": " at 16 million.[citation needed] Figures remained respectable into the 1980s, but fell noticeably after the programme's 23rd series was postponed in 1985", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": " at 16 million", + "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": " ITV network strike of 1979", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": " 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors had its d\u00e9but on 23 November (the actual date of the anniversary) on a number of PBS stations", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": " Five Doctors had its d\u00e9but on 23 November (the actual date of the anniversary) on a number of PBS stations", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": " Five Doctors had its d\u00e9but on 23 November (the actual date of the anniversary) on a number of PBS stations", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": " 23 November (the actual date of the anniversary) on a number of PBS stations two days prior to its BBC One broadcast", + "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": " 23 November (the actual date of the anniversary) on a number of PBS stations two days prior to its BBC One broadcast", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": " January 1965", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": " January 1965. The ABC has periodically repeated episodes; of note were the weekly screenings of all available classic episodes starting in 2003", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": " January 1965", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": " January 1965", + "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": " January 1965. The ABC has periodically repeated episodes; of note were the weekly screenings of all available classic episodes starting in 2003", + "572825714b864d1900164590": " The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991", + "572825714b864d1900164591": " 24", + "572825714b864d1900164592": "ario picked up the show in 1976 beginning with The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991", + "572825714b864d1900164593": " The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991", + "572825714b864d1900164594": "Ontario picked up the show in 1976 beginning with The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": " CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": " CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": " Eccleston", + "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": " series two on 9 October 2006", + "572826762ca10214002d9f30": " CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": " sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": "A wide selection of serials are available from BBC Video on DVD, on sale in the United Kingdom", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": " sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": "A wide selection of serials are available from BBC Video on DVD, on sale in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States", + "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "A wide selection of serials are available from BBC Video on DVD", + "572828383acd2414000df5c3": " numerous times. In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", + "572828383acd2414000df5c4": " stage numerous times. In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", + "572828383acd2414000df5c5": " stage numerous times. In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", + "572828383acd2414000df5c6": " stage numerous times. In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", + "572828383acd2414000df5c7": " numerous times. In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": " 22 October 2006", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": " 22 October 2006", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": " 22 October 2006", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": " 22 October 2006", + "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": " 22 October 2006", + "57282f204b864d190016468a": "The Sarah Jane Adventures, starring Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith", + "57282f204b864d190016468b": " New Year's Day 2007", + "57282f204b864d190016468c": " New Year's Day 2007", + "57282f204b864d190016468d": " New Year's Day 2007", + "57282f204b864d190016468e": "The Sarah Jane Adventures, starring Elisabeth Sladen who reprised her role as investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith", + "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": "D programmes the BBC produced at the time", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": "D programmes the BBC produced at the time", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": "D programmes the BBC produced at the time", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": " action taking place in the latter's Albert Square location and around Greenwich. The special was one of several special 3D programmes the BBC produced at the time", + "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": " action taking place in the latter's Albert Square location and around Greenwich. The special was one of several special 3D programmes the BBC produced at the time", + "572831512ca10214002da04a": " incarnations played by, in order, Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley", + "572831512ca10214002da04b": " Relief", + "572831512ca10214002da04c": " Relief and later released on VHS", + "572831512ca10214002da04d": " Relief and later released on VHS", + "572831512ca10214002da04e": " incarnations played by, in order, Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley", + "572833662ca10214002da086": " The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\") and Leverage. In the Channel 4 series Queer as Folk", + "572833662ca10214002da087": " The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\")", + "572833662ca10214002da088": " Channel 4 series Queer as Folk (created by later Doctor Who executive producer Russell T. Davies", + "572833662ca10214002da089": " The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\") and Leverage. In the Channel 4 series Queer as Folk", + "572833662ca10214002da08a": " The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone\")", + "572834524b864d1900164716": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966", + "572834524b864d1900164717": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966", + "572834524b864d1900164718": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966", + "572834524b864d1900164719": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966", + "572834524b864d190016471a": "The earliest Doctor Who-related audio release was a 21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966", + "572835854b864d190016472e": " Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001", + "572835854b864d190016472f": " Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001", + "572835854b864d1900164730": "Since 1999, Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD", + "572835854b864d1900164731": " Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001", + "572835854b864d1900164732": " Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001", + "572836732ca10214002da0dc": " from the mid-sixties through to the present day", + "572836732ca10214002da0dd": " BBC Books", + "572836732ca10214002da0de": "sixties through to the present day", + "572836732ca10214002da0df": " New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures. Since the relaunch of the programme in 2005, a new range of novels have been published by BBC Books", + "572836732ca10214002da0e0": " from the mid-sixties through to the present day", + "572837402ca10214002da0f4": " a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC", + "572837402ca10214002da0f5": " a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC", + "572837402ca10214002da0f6": " a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC", + "572837402ca10214002da0f7": " a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC", + "572838323acd2414000df737": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series", + "572838323acd2414000df738": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series", + "572838323acd2414000df739": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series", + "572838323acd2414000df73a": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series", + "572838323acd2414000df73b": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award", + "57283a392ca10214002da118": " Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody \"for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe", + "57283a392ca10214002da119": "abody \"for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe.\" The programme is listed in Guinness World Records", + "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "abody \"for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe.\" The programme is listed in Guinness World Records", + "57283a392ca10214002da11b": " Peabody \"for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe.\" The programme is listed in Guinness World Records", + "57283a392ca10214002da11c": " Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": "X magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever\". Also, in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows (", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": "X magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever\". Also, in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows (", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": " 20th century", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "X magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever\". Also, in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows (", + "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "X magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever\". Also, in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows (", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": " The Apprentice", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": "The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five BAFTA TV Awards", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": "The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five BAFTA TV Awards", + "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": "The revived series has received recognition from critics and the public, across various awards ceremonies. It won five BAFTA TV Awards", + "57283ce72ca10214002da150": " The Apprentice", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": " Short Form of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": "atic Presentation", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": "atic Presentation", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "atic Presentation", + "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "atic Presentation", + "57283e652ca10214002da166": " spoofed", + "57283e652ca10214002da167": " spoofed", + "57283e652ca10214002da168": " spoofed", + "57283e652ca10214002da16a": " spoofed on many occasions by comedians including Spike Milligan", + "57283e652ca10214002da169": " spoofed", + "57283c464b864d19001647c8": " The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools", + "57283c464b864d19001647c9": " The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools", + "57283c464b864d19001647ca": " The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools", + "57283c464b864d19001647cb": " The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools", + "57283c464b864d19001647cc": " The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": " academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": " Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": " Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": " the Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": " scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics", + "57283f014b864d19001647e8": " 1891", + "57283f014b864d19001647e9": " 1891", + "57283f014b864d19001647ea": " 1891", + "57283f014b864d19001647eb": " 1891", + "57283f014b864d19001647ec": " Rainey Harper became the university's first president in 1891", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": " oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": " secular institution in 1890", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": " oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "The University of Chicago was created and incorporated as a coeducational, secular institution in 1890", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": " secular institution in 1890", + "572843304b864d1900164848": "imer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois", + "572843304b864d1900164849": " Butler University, and Stetson University. In 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois", + "572843304b864d190016484a": "imer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois", + "572843304b864d190016484b": "imer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois", + "572843304b864d190016484c": "imer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": " Maynard Hutchins", + "57284456ff5b5019007da060": " the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": " the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": " the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": " the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": " urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": " urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "In the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": " urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": " urban renewal project for Hyde Park, which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan", + "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "The university experienced its share of student unrest during the 1960s, beginning in 1962", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "The university experienced its share of student unrest during the 1960s, beginning in 1962", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": " Kalven Report", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "The university experienced its share of student unrest during the 1960s, beginning in 1962", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": " 1980s and Darfur in the late 2000s", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": " In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": " In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": " $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": " $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": " In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute", + "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "The first buildings of the University of Chicago campus", + "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "The first buildings of the University of Chicago campus", + "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "The first buildings of the University of Chicago campus", + "57284b904b864d19001648e5": " Main Quadrangles, were part of a \"master plan\" conceived by two University of Chicago trustees and plotted by Chicago architect Henry Ives", + "57284b904b864d19001648e6": " Main Quadrangles, were part of a \"master plan\" conceived by two University of Chicago trustees and plotted by Chicago architect Henry Ives", + "57284d484b864d1900164900": " Public Policy", + "57284d484b864d1900164901": "ero Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan", + "57284d484b864d1900164902": " Public Policy", + "57284d484b864d1900164903": " Public Policy", + "57284d484b864d1900164904": " Public Policy", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": " Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "The University of Chicago also maintains facilities apart from its main campus", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": " Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": " Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": " Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris", + "5728501aff5b5019007da166": " a board of trustees. The Board of Trustees oversees the long-term development and plans of the university", + "5728501aff5b5019007da167": " a board of trustees. The Board of Trustees oversees the long-term development and plans of the university", + "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "The University", + "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "The University", + "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "The University", + "5728510f4b864d1900164936": " academic bodies of the University of Chicago", + "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "The academic bodies of the University of Chicago consist of the College, four divisions of graduate research and seven professional schools", + "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "The academic bodies of the University of Chicago", + "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "The College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50 academic majors and 28 minors", + "57285213ff5b5019007da181": " 50 academic majors and 28 minors", + "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "The College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50 academic majors and 28 minors", + "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "The College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50 academic majors and 28 minors", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": " courses to satisfy the university's core curriculum known as the Common Core. In 2012-2013, the Core classes at Chicago were limited to 17 students", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": " courses to satisfy the university's core curriculum known as the Common Core. In 2012-2013, the Core classes at Chicago were limited to 17 students", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": " Common Core. In 2012-2013, the Core classes at Chicago were limited to 17 students, and are generally led by a full-time professor (", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "graduate students are required to take a distribution of courses to satisfy the university's core curriculum known as the Common Core", + "572855973acd2414000df925": " charter schools on the South Side of Chicago administered by the university's Urban Education Institute", + "572855973acd2414000df926": " charter schools on the South Side of Chicago administered by the university's Urban Education Institute", + "572855973acd2414000df927": " charter schools on the South Side of Chicago administered by the university's Urban Education Institute", + "572855973acd2414000df928": " charter schools on the South Side of Chicago administered by the university's Urban Education Institute", + "572855973acd2414000df929": " charter schools on the South Side of Chicago administered by the university's Urban Education Institute", + "572856beff5b5019007da190": " a total of 9.8 million volumes, the 11th most among library systems in the United States", + "572856beff5b5019007da191": "The University of Chicago Library system", + "572856beff5b5019007da192": "The University of Chicago Library", + "572856beff5b5019007da193": " Harper Memorial Library", + "572856beff5b5019007da194": " Harper Memorial Library", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": " 113 research centers on campus", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": " 113 research centers on campus", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": " 113 research centers on campus. Among these are the Oriental Institute", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "The University", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "The University", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "The University", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": " university has played an important role in shaping ideas about the free market", + "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "The UChicago Arts program joins academic departments and programs in the Division of the Humanities", + "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "The UChicago Arts program joins academic departments and programs in the Division of the Humanities", + "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "The UChicago Arts program joins academic departments and programs in the Division of the Humanities", + "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "The UChicago Arts program joins academic departments and programs in the Division of the Humanities", + "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "The UChicago Arts program joins academic departments and programs in the Division of the Humanities", + "572863363acd2414000df985": " four graduate divisions", + "572863363acd2414000df986": " four graduate divisions", + "572863363acd2414000df987": " four graduate divisions", + "572863363acd2414000df988": " four graduate divisions, 5,984 students in its professional schools, and 15,244 students overall", + "572863363acd2414000df989": " four graduate divisions, 5,98", + "572864542ca10214002da2de": "The Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association", + "572864542ca10214002da2df": " Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association", + "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "The Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association", + "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "oons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association (UAA). The university was a founding member of the Big Ten Conference", + "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "The Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association", + "5728659f4b864d190016498a": " 400 clubs and organizations known as Recognized Student Organizations", + "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Students at the University of Chicago", + "5728659f4b864d190016498c": " common-interest organizations. Notable extracurricular groups include the University of Chicago College Bowl Team, which has won 118 tournaments and 15 national championships", + "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Students at the University of Chicago run over 400 clubs and organizations known as Recognized Student Organizations", + "5728659f4b864d190016498e": " common-interest organizations. Notable extracurricular groups include the University of Chicago College Bowl Team, which has won 118 tournaments and 15 national championships", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": " The University of Chicago Student Government", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "All Recognized Student Organizations", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": " UN, in addition to academic teams, sports club, arts groups, and more are funded by The University of Chicago Student Government", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": " UN, in addition to academic teams, sports club, arts groups, and more are funded by The University of Chicago Student Government", + "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "orities at the University of Chicago", + "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "orities are members of the National Panhellenic Conference, and ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council", + "572867543acd2414000df9a3": " Panhellenic Conference, and ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council", + "572867543acd2414000df9a4": " Panhellenic Conference, and ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council", + "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "orities are members of the National Panhellenic Conference, and ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": " concert called Summer Breeze that hosts outside musicians, and is home to Doc Films, a student film society founded in 1932", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": " concert called Summer Breeze that hosts outside musicians, and is home to Doc Films, a student film society founded in 1932", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": " concert called Summer Breeze that hosts outside musicians, and is home to Doc Films, a student film society founded in 1932", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": " concert called Summer Breeze that hosts outside musicians, and is home to Doc Films, a student film society founded in 1932", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": " concert called Summer Breeze that hosts outside musicians, and is home to Doc Films, a student film society founded in 1932", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": " Corzine", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": " Corzine", + "57286951ff5b5019007da210": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", + "57286951ff5b5019007da211": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", + "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "In business, notable alumni include Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": " the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": " government and politics include the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da320": " include the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da321": " Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da322": " government and politics include the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": " the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": " New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "The Closing of the American Mind\" Allan Bloom", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": " the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": " the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": " Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": " minimalist composer Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": " minimalist composer Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": " arts and entertainment, minimalist composer Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": " Philip Glass", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "In science, alumni include astronomers Carl Sagan", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": " science, alumni include astronomers Carl Sagan", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": " environmentalist David Suzuki", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": " a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": " a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": " social theorist, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": " a major advisor to Republican U.S. President Ronald Reagan", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": " social theorist, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": " Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winners Milton Friedman", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "Other prominent alumni include anthropologists David Graeber and Donald Johanson", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": " international relations scholar and White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Other prominent alumni include anthropologists David Graeber and Donald Johanson", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator A. A. Michel", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": " the speed of light calculator A. A. Michelson", + "572872dd2ca10214002da380": ". A. Michelson", + "572872dd2ca10214002da381": ". A. Michelson", + "572872dd2ca10214002da382": ". A. Michelson", + "5728742cff5b5019007da246": " Friedrich Hayek", + "5728742cff5b5019007da247": " Friedrich Hayek", + "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Past faculty have also included Egyptologist James Henry Breasted, mathematician Alberto Calder\u00f3n, Nobel prize winning economist and classical liberalism defender Friedrich Hayek", + "5728742cff5b5019007da249": " Breasted, mathematician Alberto Calder\u00f3n, Nobel prize winning economist and classical liberalism defender Friedrich Hayek", + "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Past faculty have also included Egyptologist James Henry Breasted, mathematician Alberto Calder\u00f3n, Nobel prize winning economist and classical liberalism defender Friedrich Hayek", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Current faculty include the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": " economist Steven Levitt", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": " Myerson and Robert Lucas, Jr., Freakonomics author and noted economist Steven Levitt", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "Current faculty include the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Current faculty include the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, historian Dipesh Chakrabarty, paleontologists Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": " 1368", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": " 1368", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "The Yuan dynasty", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "The Yuan dynasty", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": " 1368", + "572860e03acd2414000df977": "The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty", + "572860e03acd2414000df978": "The Yuan dynasty", + "572860e03acd2414000df979": "The Yuan dynasty", + "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "The Yuan dynasty", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": " 1271", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": " 1271", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": " 1271", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": " 1271", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": " 1271", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": " 1206", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": " 1206", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": " 1206", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": " 1206", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": " 1206", + "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "itan defected to the Mongols", + "572864dd4b864d1900164977": " Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols", + "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "itan defected to the Mongols", + "572864dd4b864d1900164979": " Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols", + "572864dd4b864d190016497a": " Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": " Jurchen", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": " Jurchen became common at this time", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": " Jurchen became common at this time", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": " Jurchen became common at this time", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": " Jurchen became common at this time", + "572867212ca10214002da2f2": " 1256", + "572867212ca10214002da2f3": " 1256", + "572867212ca10214002da2f4": " 1256", + "572867212ca10214002da2f5": " 1256", + "572867212ca10214002da2f6": " 1256", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": " 1259 by installing the hostage prince Wonjong as the ruler of Korea", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": " 1259 by installing the hostage prince Wonjong as the ruler of Korea", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": " 1259 by installing the hostage prince Wonjong as the ruler of Korea", + "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": " 1259", + "572867d72ca10214002da300": " 1259", + "572869b84b864d19001649ae": " 1262", + "572869b84b864d19001649b0": " government after 1262", + "572869b84b864d19001649b2": " government after 1262 was a compromise between preserving Mongol interests in China and satisfying the demands of his Chinese subjects", + "572869b84b864d19001649b1": " a compromise between preserving Mongol interests in China and satisfying the demands of his Chinese subjects", + "572869b84b864d19001649af": "ai's government after 1262", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": " 1266", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": " 1264", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": " 1264", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": " 1266", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": " 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": " Silk Road trade network", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "ai Khan promoted commercial, scientific, and cultural growth. He supported the merchants of the Silk Road trade network", + "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "ai Khan promoted commercial, scientific, and cultural growth. He supported the merchants of the Silk Road trade network", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": " Silk Road trade network", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": " Silk Road trade network", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "ansheng Kong Duanyou fled south with the Song Emperor to Quzhou, while the newly established Jin dynasty (1115\u20131234", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": " Quzhou alone number 30,000. During the Yuan dynasty, one of Confucius' descendants moved from China to Goryeo era Korea", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": " Quzhou alone number 30,000. During the Yuan dynasty, one of Confucius' descendants moved from China to Goryeo era Korea", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "ansheng Kong Duanyou fled south with the Song Emperor to Quzhou, while the newly established Jin dynasty (1115\u20131234", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": " Qufu, the Duke Yansheng Kong", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": " 1274", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": " 1268 and 1273", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": " 1274", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": " 1274", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": " 1274", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": " 1281", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": " 1281", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": " 1281", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": " 1281", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": " 1281", + "57286ead2ca10214002da346": " 1285", + "57286ead2ca10214002da347": " 1285", + "57286ead2ca10214002da348": " 1253", + "57286ead2ca10214002da349": " 1285", + "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": " 1285", + "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": " 1321 to 1323", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": " Gegeen Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": " 1321 to 1323", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": " Gegeen Khan, Ayurbarwada", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": " 1321 to 1323", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": " 1328", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": " 1328", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": " 1328", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr died in Shangdu in 1328", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": " 1328", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": " 1329", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": " 1329", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": " 1329", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": " 1329", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": " 1329", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": " 1332 and subsequent death of Rinchinbal (Emperor Ningzong)", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": " 1349", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": " 1349", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": " 1349", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": " 1349", + "572872822ca10214002da374": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da375": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da376": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", + "572872822ca10214002da377": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty were marked by struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da378": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", + "57287338ff5b5019007da232": " 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion", + "57287338ff5b5019007da233": " 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion", + "57287338ff5b5019007da234": " 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion", + "57287338ff5b5019007da235": " a nationwide uprising. In 1354, when Toghtogha led a large army to crush the Red Turban rebels", + "57287338ff5b5019007da236": " 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion", + "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "vernacular", + "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "vernacular", + "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "vernacular", + "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "vernacular", + "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia", + "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia", + "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia", + "572879574b864d1900164a17": " musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia", + "572879574b864d1900164a18": " musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": " Shoujing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "The Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": " 1271", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "The Yuan dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": " 1271", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": " Mongols. Another example was the insignificance of the Ministry of War", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": " Ministries (which had been introduced since the Sui and Tang dynasties) gave a Sinicized image in the Yuan administration", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": " Six Ministries (which had been introduced since the Sui and Tang dynasties) gave a Sinicized image in the Yuan administration", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": " Mongols. Another example was the insignificance of the Ministry of War", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": " 1269", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": " 1269", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": " 1269", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": " calligraphy", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": " calligraphy at this time many of the artists practicing these different pursuits were the same individuals", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": " calligraphy", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": " calligraphy", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": " calligraphy", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": " were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The establishment of the Yuan dynasty", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": " de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": " de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": " de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": " de facto state religion. The top-level department and government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": " polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": " polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": " four unknowns using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": " Shijie", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": " Shijie (1249\u20131314) solved simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": " disseminated in 1281", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "o Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": " 1281", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": " 1281", + "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "o Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars", + "572881022ca10214002da416": "The physicians of the Yuan court", + "572881022ca10214002da417": "The physicians of the Yuan court", + "572881022ca10214002da418": "The physicians of the Yuan court", + "572881022ca10214002da419": "The physicians of the Yuan court", + "572881022ca10214002da41a": "The physicians of the Yuan court", + "572881704b864d1900164a50": "The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty", + "572881704b864d1900164a51": "The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty", + "572881704b864d1900164a52": "The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty", + "572881704b864d1900164a53": "The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty", + "572881704b864d1900164a54": "The Chinese medical tradition of the Yuan had \"Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": " 1263", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": " 1263", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": " 1263", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": " 1263", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": " 1263", + "572882242ca10214002da420": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry", + "572882242ca10214002da421": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols", + "572882242ca10214002da422": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry", + "572882242ca10214002da423": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols", + "572882242ca10214002da424": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": " Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees. The Yuan government used woodblocks to print paper money, but switched to bronze plates in 1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": " 1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": " bronze plates in 1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": " plates in 1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": " plates in 1275. The Mongols experimented with establishing the Chinese-style paper monetary system", + "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": " accorded previously under native Chinese dynasties", + "572883153acd2414000dfa70": " the system of government created by Kublai Khan", + "572883153acd2414000dfa71": " the system of government created by Kublai Khan", + "572883153acd2414000dfa72": " accorded previously under native Chinese dynasties", + "572883153acd2414000dfa73": " accorded previously under native Chinese dynasties", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": " Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": " Zhu Yuanzhang had Muslim generals like Lan Yu who rebelled against the Mongols", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": " Emperors severely discriminated against them", + "57288428ff5b5019007da290": " Emperors severely discriminated against them", + "57288428ff5b5019007da291": " Emperors severely discriminated against them, restricting Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices like circumcision", + "57288428ff5b5019007da292": " Zhu Yuanzhang had Muslim generals like Lan Yu who rebelled against the Mongols", + "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "ote", + "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "The historian Frederick W. Mote", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "The historian Frederick W. Mote", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "The historian Frederick W. Mote", + "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", + "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", + "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", + "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", + "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": " Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": " Qocho over the Koreans", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "ighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": " the Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans", + "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "The Central Region", + "572885c44b864d1900164a79": " Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": " Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "The Central Region", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": " Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": " approximately 45 million people", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": " approximately 45 million people", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": " approximately 45 million people", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": " approximately 45 million people", + "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": " approximately 45 million people", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": " warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline. The climate is cooler in the savannah grasslands around the capital city, Nairobi", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": " warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline. The climate is cooler in the savannah grasslands around the capital city, Nairobi", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": " tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline. The climate is cooler in the savannah grasslands around the capital city, Nairobi", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": " warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline", + "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": " warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline. The climate is cooler in the savannah grasslands around the capital city, Nairobi", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": " By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": " By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": " By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "The African Great Lakes region", + "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": "The African Great Lakes region", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": "The Republic of Kenya", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "The Republic of Kenya", + "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "The Republic of Kenya", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": " map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": " map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": " map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862", + "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": " map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "The \"Big Five\" game animals of Africa", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": "The \"Big Five\" game animals of Africa", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": "The \"Big Five\" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant", + "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "The \"Big Five\" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant", + "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "The \"Big Five\" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant", + "5728fa576aef051400154920": " area more than 20 million years ago", + "5728fa576aef051400154921": " area more than 20 million years ago", + "5728fa576aef051400154922": " erectus (1.8 million to 350,000 years ago) are possible direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens", + "5728fa576aef051400154923": "ossils found in Kenya", + "5728fa576aef051400154924": "ossils found in Kenya", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "The Swahili built Mombasa into a major port city and established trade links with other nearby city-states", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": "The Swahili built Mombasa into a major port city and established trade links with other nearby city-states", + "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "The Swahili built Mombasa into a major port city and established trade links with other nearby city-states", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": " 1414, the Chinese trader and explorer Zheng He representing the Ming Dynasty", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": " 1498", + "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": " 1414, the Chinese trader and explorer Zheng He representing the Ming Dynasty", + "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": ". He eventually surrendered in Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia) fourteen days after the Armistice was signed in 1918", + "5729024f1d04691400778f60": ". He eventually surrendered in Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia) fourteen days after the Armistice was signed in 1918", + "5729024f1d04691400778f61": " forces", + "5729024f1d04691400778f62": ". He eventually surrendered in Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia) fourteen days after the Armistice was signed in 1918", + "5729024f1d04691400778f63": ". He eventually surrendered in Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia) fourteen days after the Armistice was signed in 1918", + "572903d96aef0514001549a4": " over a million members", + "572903d96aef0514001549a5": " over a million members", + "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "The central highlands were already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people", + "572903d96aef0514001549a7": "The central highlands were already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote (aka General China) on 15 January 1954", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote (aka General China) on 15 January 1954", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote (aka General China) on 15 January 1954", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote (aka General China) on 15 January 1954", + "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote (aka General China) on 15 January 1954", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council", + "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957", + "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957", + "572906e23f37b31900477f91": " 12 December 1963", + "572909406aef0514001549dc": " Several contentious clauses, including one that allowed for only one political party were changed in the following years", + "572909406aef0514001549dd": "The election held in 1988 saw the advent of the mlolongo (queuing) system", + "572909406aef0514001549de": "The election held in 1988", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": " National Assembly", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": " Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": " Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly", + "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": " Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": " Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": " Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", + "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": " public sector corruption in various countries", + "57290d811d04691400778fcf": " Kibaki", + "57290d811d04691400778fd0": " Kibaki under the Party of National Unity ran for re-election against the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement", + "57290d811d04691400778fd1": " Kibaki under the Party of National Unity ran for re-election against the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement", + "57290d811d04691400778fd2": " Kibaki under the Party of National Unity ran for re-election against the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement", + "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": " the government and civil society organisations started programmes to avoid similar disasters in the future", + "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "AABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi", + "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": "AABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi", + "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": "AABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi", + "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": "On 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": " Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government in which Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": "inga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government in which Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": "inga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government in which Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister", + "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": " 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", + "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "an and his UN-backed panel and African Union chairman Jakaya Kikwete", + "57290f963f37b31900477fec": " PM will have power and authority to co-ordinate and supervise the functions of the Government and will be occupied by an elected MP", + "57290f963f37b31900477fed": " PM will have power and authority to co-ordinate and supervise the functions of the Government and will be occupied by an elected MP", + "57290f963f37b31900477fee": " PM will have power and authority to co-ordinate and supervise the functions of the Government and will be occupied by an elected MP", + "57290f963f37b31900477fef": " PM", + "572913626aef051400154a30": "A constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", + "572913626aef051400154a31": " heralding the Second Republic came into force", + "572913626aef051400154a32": " constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President", + "572913626aef051400154a33": " heralding the Second Republic came into force", + "572913626aef051400154a34": " 4 August 2010", + "572914441d04691400779025": " 19 December in the National Assembly", + "572914441d04691400779026": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill", + "572914441d04691400779027": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill", + "572914441d04691400779028": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill", + "572914441d04691400779029": " National Assembly", + "572914f46aef051400154a46": " trial dates in 2013 for both President Kenyatta", + "572914f46aef051400154a47": " trial dates in 2013 for both President Kenyatta", + "572914f46aef051400154a48": " trial dates in 2013 for both President Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto", + "572914f46aef051400154a49": " International Criminal Court trial dates in 2013", + "572915621d0469140077902f": "The armed forces are regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions", + "572915621d04691400779030": " Waki Commission", + "572915621d04691400779031": " Waki Commission", + "572915e43f37b31900478005": " armed forces", + "572915e43f37b31900478006": " the corruption has been less in public view, and thus less subject to public scrutiny and notoriety", + "572915e43f37b31900478007": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces", + "572915e43f37b31900478008": " the corruption has been less in public view, and thus less subject to public scrutiny and notoriety", + "572916f16aef051400154a56": " urban minority, it has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.519", + "572916f16aef051400154a57": " urban minority, it has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.519", + "572916f16aef051400154a58": " 186 in the world. As of 2005, 17.7% of Kenyans lived on less than $1.25 a day", + "572916f16aef051400154a59": " urban minority, it has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.519", + "572917743f37b3190047800d": "a consistent characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security \u2013 an important catalyst of economic growth)", + "572917743f37b3190047800f": "a consistent characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security \u2013 an important catalyst of economic growth)", + "572917743f37b31900478010": " A small portion of the population relies on food aid.[citation needed] Industry", + "572917743f37b3190047800e": "a consistent characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security \u2013 an important catalyst of economic growth)", + "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "Kenya's services sector, which contributes 61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism", + "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": " tourism sector has exhibited steady growth in most years since independence", + "572917ff6aef051400154a60": " services sector, which contributes 61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism. The tourism sector has exhibited steady growth in most years since independence", + "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "$803 million, up from US$699 million the previous year. Presently, there are also numerous Shopping Malls in Kenya", + "572917ff6aef051400154a61": " services sector", + "572918bd3f37b31900478016": " service sector", + "572918bd3f37b31900478017": " service sector", + "572918bd3f37b31900478015": " service sector", + "572918bd3f37b31900478018": " service sector", + "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "ps Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties", + "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "ps Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties", + "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "ps Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties", + "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "ps Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties", + "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "ps Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties", + "57291b461d04691400779049": " highlands, one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa", + "57291b461d0469140077904a": ", coffee, sisal, pyrethrum", + "57291b461d0469140077904b": " highlands, one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa", + "57291b461d0469140077904c": " August and September 2011", + "57291b461d0469140077904d": " a significant portion of the population regularly starves and is heavily dependent on food aid. Poor roads, an inadequate railway network", + "57291beb1d04691400779053": " cement production industry.[citation needed] Kenya has an oil refinery", + "57291beb1d04691400779054": " cement production industry.[citation needed] Kenya has an oil refinery", + "57291beb1d04691400779055": " cement production industry.[citation needed] Kenya has an oil refinery", + "57291beb1d04691400779056": " cement production industry.[citation needed] Kenya has an oil refinery", + "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "$44 million to US$270 million", + "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "$44 million to US$270 million", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": " petroleum-fired plant on the coast, geothermal facilities at Olkaria (near Nairobi), and electricity imported from Uganda", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": " petroleum-fired plant on the coast, geothermal facilities at Olkaria (near Nairobi), and electricity imported from Uganda", + "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": " petroleum-fired plant on the coast, geothermal facilities at Olkaria (near Nairobi), and electricity imported from Uganda", + "57291f153f37b31900478043": " more reserves. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements. Kenya, east Africa", + "57291f153f37b31900478044": " more reserves. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements. Kenya, east Africa", + "57291f153f37b31900478045": " Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements. Kenya, east Africa", + "57291f153f37b31900478046": " Petroleum accounts for 20% to 25% of the national import bill", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": " FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China's ambassador to Kenya", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": " FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China's ambassador to Kenya", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": " FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China's ambassador to Kenya", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": " FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China's ambassador to Kenya", + "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": " FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China's ambassador to Kenya", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": " Climate & Development Knowledge Network", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": " Climate & Development Knowledge Network", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": " Climate & Development Knowledge Network", + "57292046af94a219006aa0be": " Climate & Development Knowledge Network", + "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": " Climate & Development Knowledge Network", + "572920d73f37b31900478055": ". Most working children are active in agriculture", + "572920d73f37b31900478056": "Child labour is common in Kenya", + "572920d73f37b31900478057": ". Most working children are active in agriculture", + "572920d73f37b31900478058": ". Most of the prostitutes in Kenya are aged 9\u201318. The Ministry of Gender and Child Affairs", + "572921646aef051400154a78": " rural dwellers are less multilingual", + "572921646aef051400154a79": "Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili", + "572921646aef051400154a7a": " rural dwellers are less multilingual", + "572921646aef051400154a7b": "Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili", + "572922206aef051400154a8a": "The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian (83%), with 47.7% regarding themselves as Protestant", + "572922206aef051400154a8b": "The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian (83%), with 47.7% regarding themselves as Protestant", + "572922206aef051400154a8c": ". The Presbyterian Church of East Africa has 3 million followers in Kenya", + "572922206aef051400154a8d": " (83%), with 47.7% regarding themselves as Protestant", + "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": "religious 2.4%. Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Kenya", + "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "religious 2.4%. Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region", + "57292449af94a219006aa0df": "religious 2.4%. Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Kenya", + "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "religious 2.4%. Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Kenya", + "572924b53f37b31900478067": "Nurses treat 80% of the population who visit dispensaries, health centres and private clinics", + "572924b53f37b31900478068": " 43 million people (", + "572924b53f37b31900478069": " clinical officers", + "572924b53f37b3190047806a": " 80% of the population", + "572925491d046914007790c3": " the 2011 UNAIDS Report suggests that the HIV epidemic may be improving in Kenya", + "572925491d046914007790c4": " weak policies, corruption, inadequate health workers, weak management and poor leadership", + "572925491d046914007790c5": " the 2011 UNAIDS Report suggests that the HIV epidemic may be improving in Kenya", + "572925491d046914007790c6": " a country's economic performance and wealth distribution: Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level", + "572925491d046914007790c7": " a country's economic performance and wealth distribution: Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level", + "572925a81d046914007790cd": " 12 December 1963", + "572925a81d046914007790ce": " 12 December 1963", + "572925a81d046914007790cf": " 12 December 1963, an authority named the Ominde Commission was formed to introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty", + "572925a81d046914007790d0": " 12 December 1963", + "572925a81d046914007790d1": " 12 December 1963", + "572926086aef051400154ac2": " education system", + "572926086aef051400154ac3": " Second University was commissioned to look at both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya", + "572926086aef051400154ac4": " Second University was commissioned to look at both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya", + "572926086aef051400154ac5": " Second University was commissioned to look at both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya", + "572926653f37b31900478079": " school drop-outs at all levels either to be self-employed or to secure employment in the informal sector", + "572926653f37b3190047807a": " school drop-outs at all levels either to be self-employed or to secure employment in the informal sector", + "572926653f37b3190047807b": "The current 8\u20134\u20134 system was launched in January 1985", + "572926653f37b3190047807c": "The current 8\u20134\u20134 system was launched in January 1985", + "572926653f37b3190047807d": " school drop-outs at all levels either to be self-employed or to secure employment in the informal sector", + "572926d23f37b31900478083": " schools", + "572926d23f37b31900478084": " formal education starts at age six", + "572926d23f37b31900478085": " formal education starts at age six", + "572926d23f37b31900478086": " formal education starts at age six", + "5729276c1d046914007790d7": " school age is 6/7-13/14", + "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "The country's literacy level stands at 85% of the whole population", + "5729276c1d046914007790d9": " school age is 6/7-13/14", + "5729276c1d046914007790da": "chool, which targets children from age three to five, is an integral component of the education system", + "5729276c1d046914007790db": " school age is 6/7-13/14", + "572927d06aef051400154ade": " Kenya National Library Service", + "572927d06aef051400154adf": " Public Library Services led by the Kenya National Library Service", + "572927d06aef051400154ae0": " Public Library Services led by the Kenya National Library Service", + "572927d06aef051400154ae1": " Public Library Services", + "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": " several sports, among them cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing", + "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "Kenya is active in several sports, among them cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing", + "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "Kenya is active in several sports, among them cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing", + "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "Kenya is active in several sports, among them cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing", + "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics", + "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics", + "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics", + "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics", + "572928bf6aef051400154af4": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics", + "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": " Cricket", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": ".[citation needed] The women's team has competed at the Olympics and World Championships but without any notable success. Cricket", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": " Cricket", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": " another popular and the most successful team sport", + "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": " Cricket", + "57292994af94a219006aa131": " Shekhar Mehta, Carlos Sainz and Colin McRae. Although the rally still runs annually as part of the Africa rally championship", + "57292994af94a219006aa132": " Shekhar Mehta, Carlos Sainz and Colin McRae", + "57292994af94a219006aa133": " Safari Rally, commonly acknowledged as one of the toughest rallies in the world", + "572929d56aef051400154b0a": " three meals in a day", + "572929d56aef051400154b0b": " three meals in a day", + "572929d56aef051400154b0c": " three meals in a day", + "572929d56aef051400154b0d": ". Ugali with vegetables, sour milk, meat, fish or any other stew is generally eaten by much of the population", + "57293b843f37b31900478133": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", + "57293b843f37b31900478134": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)", + "57293b843f37b31900478135": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", + "57293b843f37b31900478136": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", + "57293b843f37b31900478137": " 43/53", + "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "oesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", + "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "The IPCC Panel", + "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "The IPCC Panel", + "57293c246aef051400154bba": "The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations. Participation of delegates", + "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": " IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": " IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization", + "57293d116aef051400154bc8": " reports assess the available information about climate change", + "57293d116aef051400154bc9": " research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change", + "57293d116aef051400154bca": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change", + "57293d116aef051400154bcb": " research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": " ten to fifteen \"lead authors\", and a somewhat larger number of \"contributing authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": " ten to fifteen \"lead authors\", and a somewhat larger number of \"contributing authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": " A chapter typically has two \"coordinating lead authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": " A chapter typically has two \"coordinating lead authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": " A chapter typically has two \"coordinating lead authors", + "57293e221d046914007791d5": " Policymakers", + "57293e221d046914007791d6": "The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers", + "57293e221d046914007791d7": " I Summary for Policymakers", + "57293e221d046914007791d8": "The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers", + "57293e221d046914007791d9": " I Summary for Policymakers", + "57293e983f37b3190047818b": " TAR has also been endorsed by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences", + "57293e983f37b3190047818c": " TAR has also been endorsed by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences", + "57293e983f37b3190047818d": " 16 national science academies issued a joint statement on climate change", + "57293e983f37b3190047818e": " TAR has also been endorsed", + "57293e983f37b3190047818f": " TAR has also been endorsed", + "57293f353f37b3190047819b": " TAR. Among his criticisms, Lindzen has stated that the WGI Summary for Policymakers (", + "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "CC author Richard Lindzen", + "57293f353f37b3190047819d": " WGI report. For example, Lindzen states that the SPM understates the uncertainty associated with climate models. John Houghton", + "57293f353f37b3190047819e": " Lindzen", + "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "CC author Richard Lindzen", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": " year 2011 two IPCC Special Report were finalized", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": " Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": " year 2011 two IPCC Special Report were finalized", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": " Special Reports on specific topics. The preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports", + "572940246aef051400154bec": "The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", + "572940246aef051400154bed": "The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", + "572940246aef051400154bee": "The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", + "572940246aef051400154bef": "The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", + "572940973f37b319004781a5": "CSI report \"", + "572940973f37b319004781a6": "CSI report \"", + "572940973f37b319004781a7": " projection was not included in the final summary for policymakers", + "572940973f37b319004781a8": "-established IPCC procedures in this instance\". The date of 2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC", + "572941273f37b319004781ad": " IPCC chairman Robert Watson", + "572941273f37b319004781ae": " IPCC chairman Robert Watson has said \"", + "572941273f37b319004781af": " chairman Robert Watson", + "572941273f37b319004781b0": " chairman Robert Watson", + "572941273f37b319004781b1": " IPCC chairman Robert Watson", + "57294209af94a219006aa201": " Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes", + "57294209af94a219006aa202": " Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes", + "57294209af94a219006aa203": " Figure 3.20 from the IPCC Second Assessment Report of 1995", + "57294209af94a219006aa204": " MBH99 finding was supported by cited reconstructions by Jones et al. 1998", + "57294279af94a219006aa209": " widely presented as demonstrating that the current warming period is exceptional in comparison to temperatures between 1000 and 1900", + "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "arian John Lawrence Daly", + "57294279af94a219006aa20b": " MBH99 based graph featured in publicity. Even at the draft stage, this finding was disputed by contrarians", + "57294279af94a219006aa20c": " MBH99 based graph featured in publicity. Even at the draft stage, this finding was disputed by contrarians", + "57294279af94a219006aa20d": " MBH99 based graph featured in publicity. Even at the draft stage, this finding was disputed by contrarians", + "572943ab1d04691400779219": " Rep. Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921a": " Rep. Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921b": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921c": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce", + "572943ab1d0469140077921d": " personal information about their finances and careers, from Mann, Bradley and Hughes", + "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "AR4) published in 2007", + "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "AR4) published in 2007", + "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report", + "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report", + "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report", + "572945b11d0469140077922f": " 1 February 2007, the eve of the publication of IPCC's major report", + "572945b11d04691400779230": " a study was published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report in 2001", + "572945b11d04691400779231": " a study was published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report in 2001", + "572945b11d04691400779232": " a study was published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report in 2001", + "572949306aef051400154c68": " was \"", + "572949306aef051400154c69": "IPCC), the researchers found that in 2100 sea levels would be 0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013", + "572949306aef051400154c6a": "IPCC), the researchers found that in 2100 sea levels would be 0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013", + "572949306aef051400154c6b": " a study on projected rises in sea levels", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": " a long-time participant in the IPCC and coordinating lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": " Oppenheimer", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "enheimer, a long-time participant in the IPCC and coordinating lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report", + "57294e6b1d04691400779275": " environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming). In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol", + "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "The IPCC process on climate change", + "57294e6b1d04691400779277": " environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming). In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol", + "5729506d6aef051400154cac": " The ozone case communicated to lay persons \"with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture\"", + "5729506d6aef051400154cad": " public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer", + "5729506d6aef051400154cae": " public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer", + "5729506d6aef051400154caf": " public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": " key findings and levels of scientific confidence from one assessment report", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "Since the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies", + "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "Since the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies", + "572951f16aef051400154cce": "IPCC. Other recommendations included that the panel employ a full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", + "572951f16aef051400154ccf": " report authors", + "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "IPCC. Other recommendations included that the panel employ a full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", + "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "IPCC. Other recommendations included that the panel employ a full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", + "572953013f37b3190047824d": " a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants", + "572953013f37b3190047824e": " a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response", + "572953013f37b3190047824f": " main role is to conduct photosynthesis", + "572953013f37b31900478250": " main role is to conduct photosynthesis", + "572953013f37b31900478251": " a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants", + "5729544c3f37b31900478257": " two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria", + "5729544c3f37b31900478258": " cell division", + "5729544c3f37b31900478259": " cell division", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": " two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria", + "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": " two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria", + "572956c86aef051400154d1a": " cell engulfed a photosynthesizing cyanobacterium", + "572956c86aef051400154d1b": "Chloroplasts", + "572956c86aef051400154d1c": "chkowski", + "572956c86aef051400154d1d": " 1883 that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts are only found in plants and algae", + "572956c86aef051400154d1e": " cell engulfed a photosynthesizing cyanobacterium", + "572957361d046914007792cf": " a peptidoglycan cell wall, which is thicker than in other gram-negative bacteria", + "572957361d046914007792d0": " chloroplasts. They are sometimes called blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes", + "572957361d046914007792d2": " chloroplasts. They are sometimes called blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes", + "572957361d046914007792d3": " a peptidoglycan cell wall, which is thicker than in other gram-negative bacteria", + "572957361d046914007792d1": " a peptidoglycan cell wall, which is thicker than in other gram-negative bacteria", + "572957ad1d046914007792d9": " assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", + "572957ad1d046914007792da": " assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", + "572957ad1d046914007792db": " assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", + "572957ad1d046914007792dc": " assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", + "572957ad1d046914007792dd": " assimilated, and many of its genes were lost", + "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "acterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", + "5729582b1d046914007792e4": "acterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", + "5729582b1d046914007792e5": " cyanobacterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", + "5729582b1d046914007792e6": " cyanobacterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", + "5729582b1d046914007792e7": "acterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "The alga Cyanophora", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": "The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophyte, is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "aucophyte chloroplast thylakoids are studded with light collecting structures called phycobilisomes", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophyte, is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast", + "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": "The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophyte, is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast", + "57295a116aef051400154d44": " double membrane with an intermembrane space and phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes", + "57295a116aef051400154d45": " double membrane with an intermembrane space and phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes", + "57295a116aef051400154d46": " double membrane with an intermembrane space and phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes", + "57295a116aef051400154d47": " double membrane with an intermembrane space and phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes", + "57295a116aef051400154d48": " double membrane with an intermembrane space and phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes", + "57295b5b1d04691400779315": " highly diverse primary chloroplast lineage. Their host organisms are commonly known as the green algae and land plants", + "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "The chloroplast", + "57295b5b1d04691400779317": " green chloroplasts, are another large, highly diverse primary chloroplast lineage. Their host organisms are commonly known as the green algae and land plants", + "57295b5b1d04691400779318": " green chloroplasts, are another large, highly diverse primary chloroplast lineage. Their host organisms are commonly known as the green algae and land plants", + "57295b5b1d04691400779319": " highly diverse primary chloroplast lineage. Their host organisms are commonly known as the green algae and land plants", + "572961f61d04691400779359": " double membrane", + "572961f61d0469140077935a": " three or four membranes\u2014", + "572961f61d0469140077935b": " three or four membranes\u2014", + "572961f61d0469140077935c": " three or four membranes\u2014", + "572961f61d0469140077935d": " double membrane", + "572962953f37b319004782f5": " green alga. Euglenophyte chloroplasts have three membranes\u2014it is thought that the membrane of the primary endosymbion", + "572962953f37b319004782f6": " a group of common flagellated protists", + "572962953f37b319004782f7": " a group of common flagellated protists", + "572962953f37b319004782f8": " a group of common flagellated protists", + "572962953f37b319004782f9": " a group of common flagellated protists", + "572963221d04691400779385": "gal derived chloroplast", + "572963221d04691400779386": "gal derived chloroplast", + "572963221d04691400779387": "gal derived chloroplast", + "572963221d04691400779388": "gal derived chloroplast", + "572963221d04691400779389": "gal derived chloroplast", + "572963876aef051400154dd2": " chromalveolates. Like the helicosproidia, they're parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast", + "572963876aef051400154dd3": " chromalveolates. Like the helicosproidia, they're parasitic, and have a nonphotosynthetic chloroplast", + "572963876aef051400154dd4": " malaria parasite", + "572963876aef051400154dd5": " malaria parasite. Many apicomplexans keep a vestigial red algal derived chloroplast", + "572963876aef051400154dd6": " malaria parasite. Many apicomplexans keep a vestigial red algal derived chloroplast", + "5729645b3f37b31900478321": " no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", + "5729645b3f37b31900478322": " no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", + "5729645b3f37b31900478323": " no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", + "5729645b3f37b31900478324": " no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", + "5729645b3f37b31900478325": " no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", + "572965566aef051400154e00": "The most common dinophyte chloroplast", + "572965566aef051400154e01": "The most common dinophyte chloroplast", + "572965566aef051400154e02": "The most common dinophyte chloroplast is the peridinin-type chloroplast", + "572965566aef051400154e03": "The most common dinophyte chloroplast is the peridinin-type chloroplast", + "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte", + "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte lineages (including Karlodinium and Karenia)", + "572965e73f37b3190047832d": "anthin dinophyte lineages (including Karlodinium and Karenia)", + "572965e73f37b3190047832e": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte lineages (including Karlodinium and Karenia)", + "572966626aef051400154e13": "in-containing chloroplast taken from a cryptophyte. However, the cryptophyte is not an endosymbiont", + "572966626aef051400154e14": "in-containing chloroplast taken from a cryptophyte. However, the cryptophyte is not an endosymbiont", + "572966626aef051400154e12": "in-containing chloroplast taken from a cryptophyte. However, the cryptophyte is not an endosymbiont", + "572966626aef051400154e15": "in-containing chloroplast taken from a cryptophyte. However, the cryptophyte is not an endosymbiont", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "atom (heterokontophyte)", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": "atom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "atom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": "iculum", + "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": " a nucleus, and of course, red algal derived chloroplasts\u2014", + "572967e31d046914007793b1": " a green algal derived chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b2": " a green algal derived chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b3": " a green algal derived chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b4": " a green algal derived chloroplast", + "572967e31d046914007793b5": "odinium viride", + "5729686d1d046914007793c1": " a million base pairs long", + "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "t more recently. It is not clear whether that symbiont is closely related to the ancestral chloroplast of other eukaryotes", + "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "t more recently. It is not clear whether that symbiont is closely related to the ancestral chloroplast of other eukaryotes", + "5729686d1d046914007793c4": " a million base pairs long", + "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "t", + "572968cf1d046914007793cb": "oplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA, or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome", + "572968cf1d046914007793cc": " DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA, or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome", + "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "enced in 1986", + "572968cf1d046914007793ce": " sequenced in 1986", + "572968cf1d046914007793cf": " sequenced in 1986", + "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": " land plants", + "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants", + "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants", + "572969f51d046914007793dd": " Multiple replication forks open up, allowing replication machinery to transcribe the DNA. As replication continues, the forks grow and eventually converge. The new cp", + "572969f51d046914007793de": "The mechanism for chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) replication", + "572969f51d046914007793e0": "last DNA (cpDNA) replication", + "572969f51d046914007793df": "last DNA (cpDNA) replication", + "572969f51d046914007793e1": " the 1970s. The results of the microscopy experiments led to the idea that chloroplast DNA replicates using a double displacement loop", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": "amination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded. When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": "amination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded. When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": "amination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded. When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": "amination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded. When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded", + "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": "amination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded. When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded", + "57296ab93f37b31900478369": " model for cpDNA replication asserts that most cpDNA is linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication structures", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": " model for cpDNA replication asserts that most cpDNA is linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication structures", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": " model for cpDNA replication asserts that most cpDNA is linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication", + "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": " model for cpDNA replication asserts that most cpDNA is linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication", + "57296b151d046914007793f1": " chromalveolate lineages. Even if a chloroplast is eventually lost, the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus", + "57296b151d046914007793f2": "gal derived chloroplast", + "57296b151d046914007793f3": "gal derived chloroplast", + "57296b151d046914007793f4": "gal derived chloroplast", + "57296bf96aef051400154e52": " A few chloroplast genes found new homes in the mitochondrial genome", + "57296bf96aef051400154e53": " A few chloroplast genes found new homes in the mitochondrial genome", + "57296bf96aef051400154e54": " A few chloroplast genes found new homes in the mitochondrial genome", + "57296bf96aef051400154e55": " A few chloroplast genes found new homes in the mitochondrial genome", + "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": "peptide is synthesized on a ribosome in the cytosol, an enzyme specific to chloroplast proteins", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "peptide is synthesized on a ribosome in the cytosol, an enzyme specific to chloroplast proteins", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": " a chloroplast polypeptide is synthesized on a ribosome in the cytosol, an enzyme specific to chloroplast proteins", + "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": " a chloroplast polypeptide is synthesized on a ribosome in the cytosol, an enzyme specific to chloroplast proteins", + "57296cb21d04691400779403": " lens-shaped, 5\u2013", + "57296cb21d04691400779404": " lens-shaped, 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", + "57296cb21d04691400779405": " lens-shaped, 5\u2013", + "57296cb21d04691400779406": " lens-shaped, 5\u2013", + "57296cb21d04691400779407": " lens-shaped, 5\u2013", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": " double membrane is often cited as evidence that they are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": " common misconceptions about the outer and inner chloroplast membranes", + "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": "icle to surround the ancestral cyanobacterium", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": " ion flow is in the opposite direction compared to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": " ion flow is in the opposite direction compared to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria", + "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": " ion flow is in the opposite direction compared to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria", + "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "oid system", + "57296d8d1d04691400779421": " ion flow is in the opposite direction compared to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria", + "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "The chloroplast", + "57296de03f37b3190047839c": " a growing body of evidence that stromules are functional, integral features of plant cell plastids", + "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "ule, or stroma-containing tubule", + "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "ule, or stroma-containing tubule", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": " a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum. It is often found in the chloroplasts of C4 plants", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": " a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum. It is often found in the chloroplasts of C4 plants", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": " peripheral reticulum. It is often found in the chloroplasts of C4 plants", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": " a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum. It is often found in the chloroplasts of C4 plants", + "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": " a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum. It is often found in the chloroplasts of C4 plants", + "57296eb01d04691400779435": " a small fraction of their proteins", + "57296eb01d04691400779436": " ribosomes, chloroplast translation is more complex than in bacteria", + "57296eb01d04691400779437": " a small fraction of their proteins. Chloroplast ribosomes are about two-thirds the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes", + "57296eb01d04691400779438": " motifs for shine-dalgarno sequence recognition, which is considered essential for translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes", + "57296eb01d04691400779439": "dalgarno sequence recognition, which is considered essential for translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": " monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts, but become more common when the chloroplast is under oxidative stress", + "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": " spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins", + "57296eee6aef051400154e90": " lipid monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts", + "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "ids and proteins", + "57296eee6aef051400154e92": " monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts, but become more common when the chloroplast is under oxidative stress", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": " thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": " a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": " a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network", + "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": " a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network", + "57296f85af94a219006aa403": " a site of starch accumulation in plants", + "57296f85af94a219006aa404": " a site of starch accumulation in plants", + "57296f85af94a219006aa405": " a site of starch accumulation in plants", + "57296f85af94a219006aa406": " a site of starch accumulation in plants", + "57296f85af94a219006aa407": " a site of starch accumulation in plants", + "57296fd71d0469140077943f": " a hundred thylakoids, though grana with 10\u2013", + "57296fd71d04691400779440": " a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes. Each granum can contain anywhere from two to a hundred thylakoids", + "57296fd71d04691400779441": " a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes. Each granum can contain anywhere from two to a hundred thylakoids", + "57296fd71d04691400779442": " a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes. Each granum can contain anywhere from two to a hundred thylakoids", + "57296fd71d04691400779443": " thylakoids", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": " protein complexes which carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": " thylakoid space to generate ATP energy", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": " protein complexes which carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis", + "5729703d3f37b319004783be": " protein complexes which carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis", + "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "akoid membrane use the energized electrons to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space, decreasing the pH and turning it acidic", + "572970916aef051400154eba": " thylakoids\u2014granal thylakoids", + "572970916aef051400154ebb": "ylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", + "572970916aef051400154ebc": "oids, which are in contact with the stroma", + "572970916aef051400154ebe": "ylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", + "572970916aef051400154ebd": " grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", + "57297103af94a219006aa423": "otenoid found in nearly all chloroplasts", + "57297103af94a219006aa424": "otenoid found in nearly all chloroplasts", + "57297103af94a219006aa425": "otenoid found in nearly all chloroplasts", + "57297103af94a219006aa426": " yellow\u2013orange pigments called carotenoids", + "57297103af94a219006aa427": " carotenoids", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": " protein complexes about 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": " protein complexes about 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", + "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": " protein complexes about 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", + "5729714daf94a219006aa430": " protein complexes about 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", + "5729714daf94a219006aa431": " protein complexes about 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", + "572971af6aef051400154ede": " light reactions of photosynthesis", + "572971af6aef051400154edf": " light reactions of photosynthesis", + "572971af6aef051400154ee0": " light reactions of photosynthesis", + "572971af6aef051400154ee1": " light reactions of photosynthesis, causing issues down the line in the Calvin cycle", + "572971af6aef051400154ee2": " light reactions of photosynthesis", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": " light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", + "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": " light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", + "5729723c6aef051400154eea": " light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", + "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": "carbon compound, which is why the process is called C4 photosynthesis", + "5729723c6aef051400154eec": " light reactions, so they lack rubisco, and have normal grana and thylakoids", + "5729729a1d0469140077948b": "Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", + "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", + "5729729a1d0469140077948d": "Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", + "5729729a1d0469140077948e": "Not all cells in a multicellular plant contain chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", + "5729729a1d0469140077948f": " green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", + "572972f46aef051400154ef2": "\u201315 per cell", + "572972f46aef051400154ef3": "\u201315 per cell", + "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "\u201315 per cell", + "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "\u201315 per cell", + "572972f46aef051400154ef5": "\u201315 per cell", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": " land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": " land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells", + "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells", + "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": " cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", + "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "ants have two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", + "57297427af94a219006aa453": " a pathogen, chloroplasts begin producing molecules like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", + "57297427af94a219006aa454": "icylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", + "57297427af94a219006aa455": "icylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", + "57297427af94a219006aa456": "icylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species", + "572974923f37b3190047840b": " to subsequently produce food in the form of sugars. Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis", + "572974923f37b3190047840c": "H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis", + "572974923f37b3190047840d": "H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis", + "572974923f37b3190047840e": " Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis", + "572974923f37b3190047840f": " Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis", + "572975073f37b31900478415": " thylakoid system", + "572975073f37b31900478416": " thylakoid system", + "572975073f37b31900478417": " thylakoid system", + "572975073f37b31900478418": " thylakoid system", + "572975073f37b31900478419": " thylakoid system", + "572975511d046914007794a7": " electrons", + "572975511d046914007794a8": " electrons at the end of an electron transport chain", + "572975511d046914007794a9": " electrons", + "572975511d046914007794aa": " electrons at the end of an electron transport chain", + "572975a3af94a219006aa465": " Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules", + "572975a3af94a219006aa466": "The Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules", + "572975a3af94a219006aa467": "The Calvin cycle", + "572975a3af94a219006aa468": " five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules", + "572976183f37b31900478431": "omers", + "572976183f37b31900478432": "omers", + "572976183f37b31900478433": "omers", + "572976183f37b31900478434": " Waterlogged roots can also cause starch buildup", + "572976183f37b31900478435": "omers", + "572976791d046914007794af": " O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis", + "572976791d046914007794b0": " O2 instead of CO2", + "572976791d046914007794b1": " very well, so it can accidentally add O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis", + "572976791d046914007794b2": " no sugar. It can waste up to half the carbon fixed by the Calvin cycle", + "572976791d046914007794b3": " O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": " methionine", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": " methionine", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": " methionine", + "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": " sulfur-containing ones like cysteine and methionine", + "57297725af94a219006aa49b": " a plant cell organelle called a plastid", + "57297725af94a219006aa49c": " a plant cell organelle called a plastid", + "57297725af94a219006aa49d": " a special type of a plant cell organelle called a plastid", + "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "Chloroplasts are a special type of a plant cell organelle called a plastid", + "5729779b6aef051400154f62": " an etioplast stage before becoming chloroplasts", + "5729779b6aef051400154f63": "last stage before becoming chloroplasts", + "5729779b6aef051400154f64": " shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation, proplastids may develop into an etioplast", + "5729779b6aef051400154f65": "last stage before becoming chloroplasts", + "5729779b6aef051400154f66": " an etioplast stage before becoming chloroplasts", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": " pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": "asts, which are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": " bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": " pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit", + "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": " bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit", + "5729784b1d046914007794c9": "The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", + "5729784b1d046914007794ca": "The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", + "5729784b1d046914007794cb": "The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", + "5729784b1d046914007794cc": " FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", + "5729784b1d046914007794cd": " FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": "dividing ring is located in the inner side of the chloroplast's inner membrane", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": "dividing ring is located in the inner side of the chloroplast's inner membrane", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": "dividing ring is located in the inner side of the chloroplast's inner membrane", + "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "dividing ring is located in the inner side of the chloroplast's inner membrane", + "5729789b6aef051400154f70": "dividing ring is located in the inner side of the chloroplast's inner membrane, and is formed first. The outer plastid", + "572978e66aef051400154f76": "last division", + "572978e66aef051400154f78": "last division", + "572978e66aef051400154f79": "last division", + "572978e66aef051400154f77": "last division", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": " disseminated by pollen. This makes plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": " disseminated by pollen. This makes plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", + "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": " disseminated by pollen. This makes plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", + "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": " a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", + "57296d571d04691400779413": "isors other than 1 and itself. A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called a composite number", + "57296d571d04691400779414": "A prime number (or a prime)", + "57296d571d04691400779415": "A prime number (or a prime)", + "57296d571d04691400779416": "isors other than 1 and itself. A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called a composite number", + "57296d571d04691400779417": "A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors", + "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "The property of being prime (or not) is called primality", + "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "The property of being prime (or not)", + "57296f293f37b319004783a5": " January 2016[", + "57296f293f37b319004783a6": " January 2016[", + "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "The property of being prime (or not) is called primality", + "572970c11d04691400779463": " simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers", + "572970c11d04691400779464": "imes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC", + "572970c11d04691400779465": " simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers", + "572970c11d04691400779466": "imes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC. There is no known simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers", + "572970c11d04691400779467": " simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers", + "5729727baf94a219006aa437": " public-key cryptography, which makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors", + "5729727baf94a219006aa438": " public-key cryptography, which makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors", + "5729727baf94a219006aa439": " public-key cryptography, which makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": " public-key cryptography, which makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": " public-key cryptography, which makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors", + "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "Hence, 6 is not prime. The image at the right illustrates that 12 is not prime: 12 = 3", + "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "Hence, 6 is not prime. The image at the right illustrates that 12 is not prime: 12 = 3", + "572973f76aef051400154f0c": " 6 is not prime. The image at the right illustrates that 12 is not prime: 12 = 3", + "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "Hence, 6 is not prime. The image at the right illustrates that 12 is not prime", + "572973f76aef051400154f0e": " 6 is not prime. The image at the right illustrates that 12 is not prime: 12 = 3", + "57297547af94a219006aa45b": " By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number", + "57297547af94a219006aa45c": " By the Middle Ages and Renaissance many mathematicians included 1 as the first prime number", + "57297547af94a219006aa45d": " By the Middle Ages and Renaissance many mathematicians included 1 as the first prime number", + "57297547af94a219006aa45e": " By the Middle Ages and Renaissance many mathematicians included 1 as the first prime number", + "57297547af94a219006aa45f": " By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": " 3 \u00b7 5 and 1 \u00b7 3 \u00b7 5; if 1 were admitted as a prime, these two presentations would be considered different factorizations", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": " 3 \u00b7 5 and 1 \u00b7 3 \u00b7 5; if 1 were admitted as a prime, these two presentations would be considered different factorizations", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": " 3 \u00b7 5 and 1 \u00b7 3 \u00b7 5; if 1 were admitted as a prime, these two presentations would be considered different factorizations", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": " 3 \u00b7 5 and 1 \u00b7 3 \u00b7 5; if 1 were admitted as a prime, these two presentations would be considered different factorizations", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": " 3 \u00b7 5 and 1 \u00b7 3 \u00b7 5; if 1 were admitted as a prime, these two presentations would be considered different factorizations", + "572978f91d046914007794d3": "ind papyrus, for instance, have quite different forms for primes and for composites", + "572978f91d046914007794d4": "ind papyrus, for instance, have quite different forms for primes and for composites", + "572978f91d046914007794d5": "ind papyrus, for instance, have quite different forms for primes and for composites", + "572978f91d046914007794d6": "ersenne prime. The Sieve of Eratosthenes", + "572978f91d046914007794d7": "osthenes", + "57297a276aef051400154f88": " + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers)", + "57297a276aef051400154f89": " + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers)", + "57297a276aef051400154f8a": " + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers)", + "57297a276aef051400154f8c": " + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers)", + "57297a276aef051400154f8b": " + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers)", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is called trial division", + "57297d421d046914007794e5": " trial division is a deterministic algorithm", + "57297d421d046914007794e6": " general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", + "57297d421d046914007794e7": " general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", + "57297d421d046914007794e8": "Modern primality tests for general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", + "57297d421d046914007794e9": " tests for general numbers n can be divided into two main classes, probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", + "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test", + "57297ed93f37b31900478460": " numbers and Carmichael numbers. Carmichael numbers are substantially rarer than prime numbers", + "57297ed93f37b31900478461": " numbers and Carmichael numbers", + "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test", + "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "are prime. Prime numbers of this form are known as factorial primes", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": " factorial primes", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "are prime. Prime numbers of this form are known as factorial primes", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": " factorial primes", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": " factorial primes", + "572982e66aef051400154f92": "The following table gives the largest known primes", + "572982e66aef051400154f93": "The following table gives the largest known primes of the mentioned types", + "572982e66aef051400154f94": "$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits", + "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The following table gives the largest known primes of the mentioned types", + "572982e76aef051400154f96": "The following table gives the largest known primes of the mentioned types. Some of these primes have been found using distributed computing", + "572985011d04691400779501": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", + "572985011d04691400779502": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", + "572985011d04691400779503": ".", + "572985011d04691400779504": " natural number n", + "572985011d04691400779505": " n < p < 2n \u2212 2, for any natural number n > 3", + "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "rime", + "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "isor", + "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "isor", + "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "isor", + "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "isor", + "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", + "572989846aef051400154fc1": "The zeta function is closely related to prime numbers", + "572989846aef051400154fc2": "The zeta function is closely related to prime numbers", + "572989846aef051400154fc3": "The zeta function is closely related to prime numbers", + "572989846aef051400154fc4": "The zeta function is closely related to prime numbers", + "57298ef11d0469140077952d": " 1859", + "57298ef11d0469140077952e": " 1859", + "57298ef11d0469140077952f": " 1859", + "57298ef11d04691400779530": " 1859", + "57298ef11d04691400779531": " 1859", + "57299021af94a219006aa50c": " February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 101", + "57299021af94a219006aa50b": " February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 101", + "57299021af94a219006aa50d": " a proof for decades: all four of Landau's problems from 1912 are still unsolved", + "57299021af94a219006aa50e": " February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 101", + "57299021af94a219006aa50f": " February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 101", + "572991943f37b319004784a1": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", + "572991943f37b319004784a2": " conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", + "572991943f37b319004784a3": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", + "572991943f37b319004784a4": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", + "572991943f37b319004784a5": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", + "57299326af94a219006aa515": " public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "57299326af94a219006aa516": " public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "57299326af94a219006aa517": " public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "57299326af94a219006aa518": " public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "57299326af94a219006aa519": " public key cryptography algorithms. Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "uga's conjecture", + "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "uga's conjecture", + "572995d46aef051400154fea": "uga's conjecture says that this equation is also a sufficient condition for p to be prime", + "572995d46aef051400154feb": "uga's conjecture", + "572995d46aef051400154fec": "isor of p \u2212 1. The fraction 1/", + "572996c73f37b319004784b3": " public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572996c73f37b319004784b4": " public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572996c73f37b319004784b5": " modular exponentiation", + "572996c73f37b319004784b6": " public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572996c73f37b319004784b7": " public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572998673f37b319004784d5": "The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada", + "572998673f37b319004784d6": "The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada", + "572998673f37b319004784d7": " a prime-numbered life-cycle", + "572998673f37b319004784d8": "The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada", + "572998673f37b319004784d9": "The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada", + "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized in different ways in various branches of mathematics. Generally, \"prime\" indicates minimality", + "57299a6f6aef051400155017": " nontrivial knots. Any knot can be uniquely expressed as a connected sum of prime knots. Prime models and prime 3", + "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized in different ways in various branches of mathematics. Generally, \"prime\" indicates minimality", + "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": " nontrivial knots. Any knot can be uniquely expressed as a connected sum of prime knots. Prime models and prime 3-manifolds", + "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized in different ways in various branches of mathematics", + "57299c2c6aef051400155020": " two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring", + "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "Prime numbers give rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring", + "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prime numbers give rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring", + "57299c2c6aef051400155023": " two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring", + "57299c2c6aef051400155024": " two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring", + "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains", + "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains", + "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "k + 3 are Gaussian primes", + "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": " ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": " ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal. Prime ideals, which generalize prime elements", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": " an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra", + "57299ec43f37b31900478510": " commutative algebra", + "57299ec43f37b31900478511": " ring theory", + "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring", + "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring", + "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring", + "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "In particular, this norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": " norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": " number theory", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": " norm gets smaller when a number is multiplied by p, in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value", + "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "1935) and Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme (1949", + "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "1935) and Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme (1949", + "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "1935) and Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme (1949", + "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "1935", + "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "1935) and Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme (1949", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": " canton of Graub\u00fcnd", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": " canton of Graub\u00fcnd", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": " Roman-era geography (1st century BC", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": " Roman-era geography (1st century BC", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": " variant forms of the name of the Rhine", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": " variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": " Roman-era geography (1st century BC", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": " Roman-era geography (1st century BC", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": " Roman-era geography (1st century BC", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": " variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": " Roman-era geography (1st century BC", + "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": " Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": " Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": " Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": " Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": " Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": " Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "ichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "terior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": " Rhine", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden, and later forms the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": " Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": " Lake Constance", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": " Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "oldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": " canal near Diepolds", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": " canal near Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": " canal near Diepolds", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": " canal near Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": " canal near Diepoldsau", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "\u00b019\u2032", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "\u00b019\u2032", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "\u00b019\u2032", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "\u00b019\u2032", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "\u00b019\u2032", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "\u00b019\u2032", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "\u00b019\u2032", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "\u00b019\u2032", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "\u00b019\u2032", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "\u00b019\u2032E", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": " water", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "hein, passes the Rhine Falls", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "hein, passes the Rhine Falls", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": " Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "hein, passes the Rhine Falls", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "hein, passes the Rhine Falls", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "hein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "hein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": " Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": " Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": " Legally, the Central Bridge", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": " Rhine ends. Legally, the Central Bridge", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": " Rhine through the Upper Rhine Plain", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": " Legally, the Central Bridge", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": " Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": " Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": " Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": " Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": " Rhine through the Upper Rhine Plain", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": " straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "ine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": " straightening program", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": " Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": " the longest river in Germany", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": " Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": " Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "Between Bingen and Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": " region, such that the river was left at about its original level", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": " Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": " the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": " erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": " erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "isburg, is nowadays a clean river, thanks to a combination of stricter environmental controls, a transition from heavy industry to light industry", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": ". Although many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "isburg is the home of Europe's largest inland port and functions as a hub to the sea ports of Rotterdam, Antwerp and Amsterdam", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": ". Although many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": " a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": " a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": " Rhine Valley can be considered the epitome of the Rhine romanticism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": " Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", + "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572f7588947a6a140053c985": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572f7588947a6a140053c986": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572f7588947a6a140053c987": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "De Biesbosch), merging with the Meuse, through the Hollands Diep and Haringvliet estuaries", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "De Biesbosch), merging with the Meuse, through the Hollands Diep and Haringvliet estuaries", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "De Biesbosch), merging with the Meuse, through the Hollands Diep and Haringvliet estuaries", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": " water. Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": " water. Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": " water. Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "De Biesbosch), merging with the Meuse, through the Hollands Diep and Haringvliet estuaries", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": " water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrij", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "Jssel and Nederrij", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "anaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrij", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrij", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrij", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "anaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrij", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "Jssel and Nederrijn. The IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Jssel and Nederrijn. The IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": " streams farther to the north, which together formed the main river Rhine in Roman times", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": " river Rhine in Roman times", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": " streams farther to the north, which together formed the main river Rhine in Roman times", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "The name Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north, which together formed the main river Rhine", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "The name Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north, which together formed the main river Rhine", + "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": " Delta", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": " Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "The shape of the Rhine delta", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "The shape of the Rhine delta", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "The shape of the Rhine delta", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "The shape of the Rhine delta", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "The shape of the Rhine delta", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "1421", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "1421", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "1421", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "The hydrography of the current delta", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "The hydrography of the current delta", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": " delta", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "The hydrography of the current delta", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "-Meuse Delta", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "ine-Meuse Delta", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "ducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate in the Alpine Orogeny of the Oligocene and Miocene Period", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": " Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "ducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate in the Alpine Orogeny of the Oligocene and Miocene Period", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "ducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate in the Alpine Orogeny of the Oligocene and Miocene Period", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "ducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate in the Alpine Orogeny of the Oligocene and Miocene Period", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": " Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N\u2013S rift system to develop in this zone", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": " rift system to develop in this zone", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": " Alpine orogeny caused a N\u2013S rift system to develop in this zone", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": " Alpine orogeny caused a N\u2013S rift system to develop in this zone", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": " Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": " stream capture", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": " stream capture, the Rhine extended its watershed southward", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": ".5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": " Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course to the northwest, through the present North Sea. During the so-called Anglian glaciation", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": " ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": " (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": " (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": " ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": " ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": " fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": " fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": " fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": " fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": " fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": " By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": " By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": " By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": " By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": " By 9000 BP, Europe was fully forested", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": " dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": " transgression by the sea", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": " dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": " dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": " dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": " (~11,700 years ago), the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": " (~8,000 years ago). Coeval absolute sea-level rise and tectonic subsidence have strongly influenced delta evolution", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Meuse delta began (~8,000 years ago). Coeval absolute sea-level rise and tectonic subsidence have strongly influenced delta evolution", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "Meuse delta began (~8,000 years ago). Coeval absolute sea-level rise and tectonic subsidence have strongly influenced delta evolution", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": " ~3000 yr BP", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": " ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": " ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": " ~3000 yr BP", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": " ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": " 1709", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": " 1709", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": " 1709", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "ederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "ederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "The Rhine was not known to Herodotus", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "The Rhine was not known to Herodotus and first enters the historical period in the 1st century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "The Rhine was not known to Herodotus and first enters the historical period in the 1st century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "The Rhine was not known to Herodotus and first enters the historical period in the 1st century BC", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": " AD 70", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": " AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": " AD 70", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": " AD 70", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": " AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "The Romans kept eight legions in five bases", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "The Romans kept eight legions in five bases", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": " AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "The Romans kept eight legions in five bases", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": " AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": " Rhine in the Migration period, by the 5th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "ic tribes crossed the Rhine", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "fels (Siebengebirge)", + "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine", + "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": " 1469", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": " 1469", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": " 1469", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": " 1469", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": " 1469", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": " Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": " 1806", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": " 1806", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": " 1806", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": " 1806", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "ineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": " Versailles", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "At the end of World War I, the Rhineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "ineland, in 1930 and the German army re-occupied it in 1936", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "At the end of World War I, the Rhineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": " Bridge Too Far and the film, was a central focus of the battle for Arnhem, during the failed Operation Market Garden of September 1944", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": " bridge at Arnhem", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": " bridge at Arnhem", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": " Bridge Too Far and the film, was a central focus of the battle for Arnhem, during the failed Operation Market Garden of September 1944", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": " A Bridge Too Far and the film, was a central focus of the battle for Arnhem, during the failed Operation Market Garden of September 1944", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "Until 1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "Until 1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": " Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": " Enzyklop\u00e4die, it became generally accepted and found its way into numerous textbooks and official publications", + "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": " Enzyklop\u00e4die, it became generally accepted and found its way into numerous textbooks and official publications", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": " Act 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": " Act 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": " Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": " Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": " Act 1998", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "ved due to the outbreak of the First World War", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "For the next three hundred years, Scotland was directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain and the subsequent Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "ved due to the outbreak of the First World War", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": " the next three hundred years, Scotland was directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain and the subsequent Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "For the next three hundred years, Scotland was directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain and the subsequent Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": " the discovery of oil in the North Sea and the following \"It's Scotland's oil\" campaign of the Scottish National Party", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "SNP) resulted in rising support for Scottish independence", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": " Prime Minister Wilson committing his government to some form of devolved legislature in 1974", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": ") resulted in rising support for Scottish independence", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": " following \"It's Scotland's oil\" campaign of the Scottish National Party", + "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": " 1 March 1979", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": " Parliament grew, in part because the government of the United Kingdom was controlled by the Conservative Party, while Scotland itself elected relatively few Conservative MPs", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": " Conservative MPs", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": " Conservative MPs", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": " Conservative MPs", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": " a new Scottish Parliament Building", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": " Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": " a new Scottish Parliament Building, in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh. The Scottish Parliament building was designed by Spanish architect Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": " Parliament Building", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": " September 2004, the official home of the Scottish Parliament", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": " Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": " Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": " permanent building at Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "Whilst the permanent building at Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": " Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": " General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": " General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": " General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": " Regional Council on George IV Bridge", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": " Regional Council on George IV Bridge", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": " Presiding Officer", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "After each election to the Scottish Parliament, at the beginning of each parliamentary session, Parliament elects one MSP", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": " Presiding Officer", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": " MSP to serve as Presiding Officer", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": " Presiding Officer", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": " Presiding Officer", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": " Presiding Officer", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": " Corporate Body", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": " Corporate Body, the Presiding Officer", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": " mace, which is made from silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": " silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers and inscribed with the words: Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": " silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers and inscribed with the words: Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": " silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers and inscribed with the words: Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": " silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers and inscribed with the words: Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": " channel Holyrood.tv", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": " channel Holyrood.tv", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": " channel Holyrood.tv", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": " channel Holyrood.tv", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": " channel Holyrood.tv", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": " Commons. Speakers are drawn from across Scotland", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": ". This contrasts with the formal style of \"Prayers\", which is the first item of business in meetings of the House of Commons", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "The first item of business on Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "The first item of business on Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "The first item of business on Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": " Presiding Officer) decides who speaks in chamber debates", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": " Presiding Officer) decides who speaks in chamber debates", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "The Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer) decides who speaks in chamber debates", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "The Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer) decides who speaks in chamber debates", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": " division bell", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": " heralded by the sounding of the division bell, which is heard throughout the Parliamentary campus", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": " heralded by the sounding of the division bell", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": " heralded by the sounding of the division bell, which is heard throughout the Parliamentary campus", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": " heralded by the sounding of the division bell", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": " official party candidates", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand since political parties normally instruct members which way to vote", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand since political parties normally instruct members", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "The outcome of most votes can be predicted beforehand", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": " minister", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": " minister", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": " minister", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": " accorded official parliamentary time. As well as the proposer, other members normally contribute to the debate", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": " minister", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": " committee", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": " Scottish Parliament is done in committee. The role of committees is stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": " committee. The role of committees is stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems, partly as a means of strengthening the role of backbenchers", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": " committee. The role of committees is stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems, partly as a means of strengthening the role of backbenchers", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": " committee. The role of committees is stronger in the Scottish Parliament than in other parliamentary systems, partly as a means of strengthening the role of backbenchers", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": " Public Petitions; Standards, Procedures and Public Appointments", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": " Public Audit; Equal Opportunities; European and External Relations; Finance; Public Petitions; Standards, Procedures and Public Appointments", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": " Public Petitions; Standards, Procedures and Public Appointments; and Delegated Powers and Law Reform", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Committees comprise a small number of MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "Committees comprise a small number of MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": " (or ministries) of the Scottish Government. The current Subject Committees in the fourth Session", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": " established at the beginning of each parliamentary session", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": " (or ministries) of the Scottish Government", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": " established at the beginning of each parliamentary session", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "A further type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": " committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": " bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": " Committees have been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": " 19 November 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": " 19 November 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": " 19 November 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": " 19 November 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": " 19 November 1998", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": " Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": " Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": " Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": " Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": " Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "erved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "erved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", + "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "erved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "ills can be introduced to Parliament", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": " Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "ills can be introduced to Parliament", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": " Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": " Scottish Government can introduce new laws or amendments", + "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": " Financial Memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it. Statements from the Presiding Officer", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": " minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": " minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": " minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": " minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3 is the final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": " final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": " further progress and take up parliamentary time, to cause the bill to fall without a final vote being taken", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "Stage 3 is the final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "Stage 3 is the final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": " Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": " Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": " Parliament", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": " Parliament", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": " Parliament", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament forms the Scottish Government", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": " held on the first Thursday in May every four years (1999, 2003", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": " Scotland Act 1998", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": " Act 1998", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": " Act 1998, ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": " held on the first Thursday in May every four years (1999, 2003", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": " Parliament", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": " Parliament", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": " Parliament", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": " Parliament", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": " Thursday between 11:40 a.m. and 12 p.m. where members can direct questions to any member of the Scottish Government", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "liamentary time is also set aside for question periods in the debating chamber", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": " periods in the debating chamber", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "liamentary time is also set aside for question periods in the debating chamber", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "liamentary time is also set aside for question periods in the debating chamber", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": " MSPs, 73 are elected to represent first past the post constituencies", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": " MSP", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": " MSP", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": " 129 MSPs, 73 are elected to represent first past the post constituencies", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": " 129 MSPs, 73 are elected to represent first past the post", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "The total number of seats in the Parliament are allocated to parties", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "The total number of seats in the Parliament are allocated to parties proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "The total number of seats in the Parliament", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "The total number of seats in the Parliament", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "The total number of seats in the Parliament are allocated to parties", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": " Act 1975", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": " Act 1975", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": " Act 1975", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": " Act 1981", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": " Act 1981", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "The election produced a majority SNP government", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "The election produced a majority SNP government", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": " SNP government", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "The election produced a majority SNP government", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "The election produced a majority SNP government", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "For the Conservatives", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": " the Conservatives", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "For the Conservatives", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": " main disappointment was the loss of Edinburgh Pentlands, the seat of former party leader David McLetchie", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "For the Conservatives", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": " legislation that applies only to England", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism, also known as Political Islam", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": " moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt \"to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life.\" Islamism favors the reordering of government", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": " moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt \"to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life.\" Islamism favors the reordering of government", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": " moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt \"", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": " Political Islam", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": " Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": " Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "ist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "ist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "ist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the \"vanguard of change and Islamic reform\" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the \"vanguard of change and Islamic reform\" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": " eclipsed by the Salafi movement", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the \"vanguard of change and Islamic reform\" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the \"vanguard of change and Islamic reform\" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": " a political ideology include Fred Halliday", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": " a political ideology include Fred Halliday", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": " a political ideology include Fred Halliday", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": " a political ideology include Fred Halliday", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": " a political ideology include Fred Halliday", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": " a writer for the International Crisis Group maintains that \"the conception of 'political Islam", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": " International Crisis Group maintains that \"the conception of 'political Islam'\" is a creation of Americans", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": " International Crisis Group maintains that \"the conception of 'political Islam'\" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": " International Crisis Group maintains that \"the conception of 'political Islam'\" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": " International Crisis Group maintains that \"the conception of 'political Islam'\" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", + "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": " Anwar Sadat", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": " a formidable insurgency was formed in Egypt in the 1990s. The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers \"", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": " a formidable insurgency was formed in Egypt in the 1990s. The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers \"", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": " a formidable insurgency was formed in Egypt in the 1990s. The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers \"", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": " a formidable insurgency was formed in Egypt in the 1990s. The French government has also been reported to have promoted Islamist preachers \"", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "The interpretation of Islam promoted", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "The interpretation of Islam", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "ist", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "ist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "ist", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "ist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "ist", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "qbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": " secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "aududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": " Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "Maududi", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "theo-democracy", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "theo-democracy", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": " Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": " Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": " Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": " assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": " Fami Naqrashi", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": " For many years it was described as \"semi-legal\" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": " For many years it was described as \"semi-legal\" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates during elections", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": " A steep and steady decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics ensued. Ba'athism, Arab socialism", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "The views of Ali Shariati", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "The views of Ali Shariati", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "The Islamic Republic", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "The Islamic Republic", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": " anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": " anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": " anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": " anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": " anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": " conservative Muslims", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": " a bloody civil war in Algeria", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": " a bloody civil war in Algeria", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": " a bloody civil war in Algeria", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": " a bloody civil war in Algeria", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": " By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": " By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": " the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": " By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": " By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981", + "5730131c947a6a140053d052": " Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", + "5730131c947a6a140053d053": " Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", + "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", + "5730131c947a6a140053d054": " Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", + "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": " Palestinian shopkeepers closed their shops in support of the uprising, the Brotherhood announced the formation of HAMAS (\"zeal\"), devoted to Jihad against Israel", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": " devout middle class found common cause with the impoverished youth of the intifada in their cultural conservatism and antipathy for activities of the secular middle class", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": " devout middle class found common cause with the impoverished youth of the intifada in their cultural conservatism and antipathy for activities of the secular middle class", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": " HAMAS (\"zeal\"), devoted to Jihad against Israel", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": " a major player in Palestine. From 2000 to 2007 it killed 542 people", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "its first foray into the political process", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": " January 2006 legislative election\u2014its first foray into the political process", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine", + "57302700a23a5019007fce89": " National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": " Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": " National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": " National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": " National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": " The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": " The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": " a liberal government", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": " The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": " The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": " FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": " FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": " FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": " FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": " FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": " vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": " a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": " the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ruled by communist forces collapsed, and democratic Islamist elements of mujahdeen founded the Islamic State of Afghanistan", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": " a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords, making Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": " the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ruled by communist forces collapsed, and democratic Islamist elements of mujahdeen founded the Islamic State of Afghanistan", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": " eleven-year military dictatorship", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": " a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": " eleven-year military dictatorship", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": " eleven-year military dictatorship", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": " a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "The Islamic State\", formerly known as the \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\"", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "The Islamic State\", formerly known as the \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\"", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "The Islamic State\", formerly known as the \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "The Islamic State\", formerly known as the \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\"", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "The Islamic State\", formerly known as the \"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": " Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": " Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": " Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924", + "57302e45947a6a140053d230": " Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924", + "57302e45947a6a140053d231": " Atat\u00fcrk", + "57302e45947a6a140053d232": " Caliphate", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through \"ideological struggle\"", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": " a democratic system, but works to take power through \"ideological struggle\"", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through \"ideological struggle\"", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": " over 900,000 Muslims, (", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": " over 900,000 Muslims, (", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": " Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists to leave the UK", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": " Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists to leave the UK", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": " Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists to leave the UK", + "57303048947a6a140053d254": "The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001", + "57303048947a6a140053d255": "The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001", + "57303048947a6a140053d256": "The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001", + "57303048947a6a140053d257": "The U.S. government", + "57303048947a6a140053d258": "The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": " 19th and 20th centuries. Its precise meaning continues to be debated by scholars. Some writers, such as Edward Said", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": " contemporary world. It has also allowed for the rapid spread of technologies and ideas", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": " rapid spread of technologies and ideas. The term imperialism has been applied to Western (and Japanese) political and economic dominance especially in Asia and Africa", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": " empire", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "A policy of extending a country\u2019", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "A policy of extending a country\u2019", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": " (see other) based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "A policy of extending a country\u2019", + "57306797396df919000960ee": "The definition of imperialism", + "57306797396df919000960ef": "The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries and was confusedly seen to represent the policies of major powers", + "57306797396df919000960f0": "The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries and was confused", + "57306797396df919000960f2": "The definition of imperialism", + "57306797396df919000960f1": "The definition of imperialism", + "573081c2069b531400832133": "The word \u2018empire\u2019", + "573081c2069b531400832134": "The word \u2018empire\u2019", + "573081c2069b531400832135": "The word \u2018empire\u2019", + "573081c2069b531400832136": "The word \u2018empire\u2019", + "573081c2069b531400832137": "The word \u2018empire\u2019", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism\", however many scholars have argued that each have their own distinct definition", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism\", however many scholars have argued that each have their own distinct definition", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism\", however many scholars have argued that each have their own distinct definition", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "perialism and colonialism both dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": " colonialism both dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "Imperialism and colonialism both dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "perialism and colonialism both dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "perialism and colonialism both dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control", + "5730876a396df9190009617a": "A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", + "5730876a396df9190009617c": "A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", + "5730876a396df9190009617b": " rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", + "5730876a396df9190009617d": "A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", + "5730876a396df9190009617e": "A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", + "573088da069b53140083216b": "The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe", + "573088da069b53140083216c": "The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe", + "573088da069b53140083216d": "The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe", + "573088da069b53140083216e": "The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe", + "573088da069b53140083216f": "The Royal Geographical Society of London", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": " uncivilized people", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": " uncivilized people", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": " uncivilized people", + "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "entalism, as theorized by Edward Said", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "entalism, as theorized by Edward Said", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "entalism, as theorized by Edward Said", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "entalism, as theorized by Edward Said", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "entalism, as theorized by Edward Said", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "To better illustrate this idea, Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "ett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "ett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "ett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "ett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": " a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": " a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": " a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": " a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": " a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": " moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just \"foreign\" music, television or film becoming popular with young people", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": " young people, but that popular culture changing their own expectations of life and their desire for their own country", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "\" music, television or film becoming popular with young people", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": " moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just \"foreign\" music, television or film becoming popular with young people", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "\" music, television or film becoming popular with young people", + "57309446396df919000961b8": "The Age of Imperialism, a time period beginning around 1700", + "57309446396df919000961b9": "The Age of Imperialism", + "57309446396df919000961ba": "The Age of Imperialism", + "57309446396df919000961bb": "The Age of Imperialism", + "57309446396df919000961bc": "The Age of Imperialism", + "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", + "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", + "57309564069b5314008321a7": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson", + "57309564069b5314008321a8": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920", + "57309564069b5314008321a9": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": " a substantial number of colonies had been designed to provide economic profit and to ship resources to home ports", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": " a substantial number of colonies had been designed to provide economic profit and to ship resources to home ports", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": " a substantial number of colonies had been designed to provide economic profit and to ship resources to home ports", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": " a substantial number of colonies had been designed to provide economic profit and to ship resources to home ports", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": " a growing number associated it with capitalist greed. Liberal John A. Hobson and Marxist Vladimir Lenin", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "ophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "ophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "ophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "1872", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1872", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1872", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "1872", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "The concept environmental determinism served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples", + "5730a314069b5314008321eb": " moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", + "5730a314069b5314008321ec": " moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", + "5730a314069b5314008321ed": " moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", + "5730a314069b5314008321ee": " moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", + "5730a314069b5314008321ef": " moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promiscuity, exotic culture, and moral degeneracy", + "5730a40f396df91900096234": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy", + "5730a40f396df91900096235": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy", + "5730a40f396df91900096236": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy", + "5730a40f396df91900096237": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy", + "5730a40f396df91900096238": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": " Republicans", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": " Republicans", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": " East Africa, as well as the South Pacific. Republicans", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": " Republicans", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": " Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire", + "5730a951069b531400832213": " 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission", + "5730a951069b531400832214": " 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission", + "5730a951069b531400832215": " 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission", + "5730a951069b531400832216": " 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission", + "5730a951069b531400832217": " 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission", + "5730aa52069b53140083221d": " a bitter war in Vietnam", + "5730aa52069b53140083221e": " a bitter war in Vietnam", + "5730aa52069b53140083221f": " Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire", + "5730aa52069b531400832220": " Free French", + "5730aa52069b531400832221": " Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire", + "5730ab63396df91900096260": " by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire", + "5730ab63396df91900096263": " original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity", + "5730ab63396df91900096261": " original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity", + "5730ab63396df91900096262": " original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity", + "5730ab63396df91900096264": "From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": " maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": " maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": " maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": " maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": " maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": " 1883\u201384 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": " 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": " 1894", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": " 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": " 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan", + "5730b255396df919000962b0": " internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities", + "5730b255396df919000962b1": " internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities", + "5730b255396df919000962b2": " internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities", + "5730b255396df919000962b3": " internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities", + "5730b255396df919000962b4": " internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": " Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "rotsky", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "rotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "rotsky", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": " Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union", + "5730b541396df919000962c2": " 1776", + "5730b541396df919000962c3": " 1776", + "5730b541396df919000962c5": " 1776", + "5730b541396df919000962c4": " 1776", + "5730b541396df919000962c6": " 1776", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": " Isiah Bowman", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": " Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": " Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": " geographer named Isiah Bowman", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": " geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": " informal U.S. imperialism", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": ". imperialism", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": ". imperialism", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": " internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism. This internal form is distinct from informal U.S. imperialism", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "The Ottoman Empire", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": " The empire allied with Germany", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": " Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin", + "5730bd00069b5314008322db": " The empire allied with Germany", + "5730bd00069b5314008322da": " Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin", + "5730982f396df919000961e2": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e3": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e4": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e5": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730982f396df919000961e6": "The United Methodist Church", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": "The United Methodist Church", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": " about 12 million", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "The United Methodist Church is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement", + "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "The United Methodist Church", + "57309921396df919000961f6": "The movement which would become The United Methodist Church", + "57309921396df919000961f7": "The movement which would become The United Methodist Church", + "57309921396df919000961f8": "The movement which would become The United Methodist Church", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": " 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": " 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": " 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia", + "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": " 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": " 1784", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": " 1784", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": " 1784, after unsuccessful attempts to have the Church of England send a bishop to start a new church in the colonies", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": " 1784, after unsuccessful attempts to have the Church of England send a bishop to start a new church in the colonies", + "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": " 1784", + "57309adb396df919000961fc": " 1769. The congregation was founded in 1767", + "57309adb396df919000961fd": " 1769", + "57309adb396df919000961fe": " 1784", + "57309adb396df919000961ff": " 1769", + "57309adb396df91900096200": " 1784", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": " 1784", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": " 1784", + "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": " 1784", + "57309d31396df91900096210": " 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery", + "57309d31396df91900096211": " 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery", + "57309d31396df91900096212": " 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops", + "57309d31396df91900096213": " 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops", + "5730a97a396df9190009625a": " April 23, 1968, the United Methodist Church was created", + "5730a97a396df9190009625b": " April 23", + "5730a97a396df9190009625c": " April 23", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": " 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": " 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters", + "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": " 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": " The United Methodist Church", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": " The United Methodist Church", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": " The United Methodist Church in 1968, theologian Albert C. Outler led the team which systematized denominational doctrine", + "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": " church's founders, especially John Wesley and Charles Wesley", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": " a relationship with God", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": " a relationship with God", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": " a relationship with God", + "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": " a relationship with God through Jesus Christ", + "5730aeba069b531400832241": "Justifying Grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832242": " cancels our guilt and empowers us to resist the power of sin and to fully love God and neighbor", + "5730aeba069b531400832243": " Grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832244": "Justifying Grace", + "5730aeba069b531400832245": "Justifying Grace", + "5730afed069b53140083225f": " God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection", + "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying Grace is that grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection", + "5730afed069b531400832261": " genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength", + "5730afed069b531400832262": " a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": " a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental, between liturgical and charismatic, and between Anglo-Catholic and Reformed theology", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": " a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental, between liturgical and charismatic, and between Anglo-Catholic and Reformed theology", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": " a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental, between liturgical and charismatic, and between Anglo-Catholic and Reformed theology", + "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": " a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental, between liturgical and charismatic, and between Anglo-Catholic and Reformed theology", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "The church", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "The church also holds that they \"", + "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": "The church also holds that they \"", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": " May 2012", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": " May 2012", + "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": " Church", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": " temperance movement", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": " \"The Use of Money", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": " Methodist Church has supported the temperance movement", + "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": " Communion", + "5730b54c069b53140083228d": ":38-39 and abolished the death penalty in John 8:7", + "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730b54c069b53140083228f": ":38-39 and abolished the death penalty in John 8:7", + "5730b54c069b531400832290": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "rocked after a highly publicized church trial in 1999", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": " the United Methodist Church prohibits the celebration of same-sex unions", + "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "rocked after a highly publicized church trial in 1999", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": " The United Methodist Church", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": " The United Methodist Church \"implore[s] families and churches not to reject or condemn lesbian and gay members and friends\"", + "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": " The United Methodist Church \"implore[s] families and churches not to reject or condemn lesbian and gay members and friends\"", + "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "rocked Methodist minister Rose Mary Denman for openly living with a same-sex partner", + "5730b776069b5314008322be": " Stroud after she was convicted in a church trial of violating church law by engaging in a lesbian relationship; this conviction was later upheld by the Judicial Council", + "5730b776069b5314008322bf": " Baltimore-Washington Conference of the UMC has approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "The United Methodist Church opposes conscription as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "The United Methodist Church opposes conscription", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": "The United Methodist Church maintains that war is incompatible with Christ's message and teachings. Therefore, the Church rejects war as an instrument of national foreign policy", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "The United Methodist Church maintains that war is incompatible with Christ's message and teachings. Therefore, the Church rejects war as an instrument of national foreign policy", + "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "The United Methodist Church teaches that pornography is \"about violence, degradation, exploitation, and coercion\"", + "5730bdfe396df91900096310": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos created for IVF that remain after the procreative efforts have ceased", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": " UMC stands in \"opposition to the creation of embryos for the sake of research\"", + "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": " UMC stands in \"opposition to the creation of embryos for the sake of research\"", + "5730c059069b531400832305": " Common Prayer called the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", + "5730c059069b531400832306": " Common Prayer called the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", + "5730c059069b531400832307": " The Book of Common Prayer called the Sunday Service of the Methodists", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": " The United Methodist Church in Africa", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": " The United Methodist Church in Africa", + "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": " The United Methodist Church in Africa", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": " a biblical figure (e.g., \"St. James UMC\"). Methodists also honor notable heroes and heroines of the Christian faith", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": " a biblical figure (e.g., \"St. James UMC\"). Methodists also honor notable heroes and heroines of the Christian faith", + "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": ":1). Such exemplary saints include martyrs, confessors of the Faith, evangelists", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": " (quadrennium). Legislative changes are recorded in The Book of Discipline", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": "ordinate to the General Conference are the jurisdictional and central conferences which also meet every four years", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": "ordinate to the General Conference are the jurisdictional and central conferences which also meet every four years", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": " General Conference", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "Subordinate to the General Conference", + "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": " General Conference", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": " Mission Council", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": "Decisions in-between the four-year meetings are made by the Mission Council", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": " Jurisdictional Conference", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "Decisions in-between the four-year meetings are made by the Mission Council", + "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "Decisions in-between the four-year meetings are made by the Mission Council", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": " interprets the Book of Discipline between sessions of General Conference", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "The Judicial Council", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": " interprets the Book of Discipline between sessions of General Conference", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": " Judicial Council is the highest court in the denomination. It consists of nine members, both laity and clergy, elected by the General Conference", + "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": " Judicial Council", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": " Communion and the Roman Catholic Church", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": " Communion and the Roman Catholic Church or a synod in some Lutheran denominations such as the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America", + "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": "The Annual Conference, roughly the equivalent of a diocese in the Anglican Communion and the Roman Catholic Church", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": " local churches", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": " local churches", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "The Book of Discipline", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": " Southern Methodist University. Most are members of the International Association of Methodist-related Schools", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": " around one hundred colleges and universities in the United States", + "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": " Southern Methodist University. Most are members of the International Association of Methodist-related Schools", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": "The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": "The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": " a priest of the Church of England", + "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": " Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": " Superintendents of the Districts of the Annual Conference", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": " Annual Conference Cabinet", + "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": " clergy appointments are made and fixed annually by the resident bishop", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "Elders are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": " Elders prior to their ordination", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": " ministry of Word, Sacrament, Order and Service", + "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": "Elders are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": " deacons", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "Deacons are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "Deacons are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church", + "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "Deacons are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "At the 1996 General Conference the ordination order of transitional deacon was abolished", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": " deacon was abolished. This created new orders known as \"provisional elder\" or \"provisional deacon\"", + "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": " deacon was abolished. This created new orders known as \"provisional elder\"", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": " Pastors are called by God, affirmed by the church, and appointed by a bishop", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": "Local Pastors", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": " Pastors are called by God, affirmed by the church, and appointed by a bishop to a ministry of Word, Sacrament, Order and Service", + "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": " Pastors", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "The United Methodist Church (UMC)", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": " UMC. The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "MC. The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "MC. The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church", + "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "MC. The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": " Church Council or Charge Conference", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": " Local Pastor", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": " Local Pastor", + "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": " Local Pastor, Associate Member or deacon is unavailable. There are two categories of lay servants: local church lay servant", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "The United Methodist Church", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": " over 34,000 congregations", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": " over 34,000 congregations", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": " over 34,000 congregations", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": " over 34,000 congregations", + "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": " over 34,000 congregations", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": " UMC membership was estimated at 11.4 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": " UMC membership was estimated at 11.4 million", + "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": " 11.4 million", + "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": "The UMC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": "The UMC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", + "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": "MC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "The French and Indian War (1754\u20131763", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "The French and Indian War (1754", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "The French and Indian War", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "The French and Indian War", + "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "The war was fought primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", + "5733cff84776f419006612b5": " 1754", + "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "The war was fought primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": " July 9", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": " 1755", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": " 1755, six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": " 1755, six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": " 1755", + "5733d249d058e614000b6331": " 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", + "5733d249d058e614000b6332": " 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", + "5733d249d058e614000b6333": " 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", + "5733d249d058e614000b6334": " 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": " 1740s, British colonists named the second war in King George's reign after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": " 1740s, British colonists named the second war in King George's reign after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": " 1740s, British colonists named the second war in King George's reign after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": " 1740s, British colonists named the second war in King George's reign after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", + "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "The French population numbered about 75,000 and was heavily concentrated along the St. Lawrence River valley", + "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "The French population numbered about 75,000 and was heavily concentrated along the St. Lawrence River valley", + "5733d5704776f41900661310": "The French population numbered about 75,000 and was heavily concentrated along the St. Lawrence River valley", + "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": " 1713", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": " 1713", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": " 1713, still had a significant French-speaking population", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "'kmaq and the Abenaki were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": " Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "kmaq and the Abenaki were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "kmaq and the Abenaki were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War", + "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": " 1758", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": " 1758", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": " 1758", + "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": " no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "At the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": " regular army troops were stationed in North America", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": " 1749", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": " 1749", + "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": " 1749", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": " 1749", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": " 1749", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": " 1749", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": " 1749", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": " Country were making their way to London and Paris", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": " brisk trade in European colonial captives", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": " Country were making their way to London and Paris", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733e771d058e614000b6545": " 1748", + "5733e771d058e614000b6546": " 1748", + "5733e771d058e614000b6547": " 1748", + "5733e771d058e614000b6548": " 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": " 1752", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": " 1752", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": " 1752", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": " 1752", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "\u00e9loron had mapped out four years earlier, but where C\u00e9loron had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": " 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": " 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": " 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": " 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": " 1753 Dinwiddie ordered the 21-year-old Major George Washington (", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": " 1753 Dinwiddie ordered the 21-year-old Major George Washington (", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": " 1753 Dinwiddie ordered the 21-year-old Major George Washington (", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "or Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia", + "5733f062d058e614000b6633": " October 29", + "5733f062d058e614000b6634": " October 29", + "5733f062d058e614000b6635": " October 29", + "5733f062d058e614000b6636": " October 29", + "5733f1784776f41900661575": " April 5, 1754", + "5733f1784776f41900661576": " 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude-Pierre Pecaudy", + "5733f1784776f41900661577": " 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude-Pierre Pecaudy", + "5733f309d058e614000b6648": " May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville", + "5733f309d058e614000b6649": " May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville", + "5733f309d058e614000b664a": " May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville", + "5733f410d058e614000b6663": " 1755", + "5733f410d058e614000b6664": " 1755", + "5733f410d058e614000b6665": " 1755", + "5733f410d058e614000b6666": " 1755", + "5733f5264776f419006615a3": " Albany Congress in June and July, 1754", + "5733f5264776f419006615a4": " 1754", + "5733f5264776f419006615a5": " 1754", + "5733f5264776f419006615a6": " 1754", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": " army troops and provincial militia on an expedition in June 17", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "Braddock (", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": " 1755", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": " army troops and provincial militia on an expedition in June 17", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": " 1759", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": " 1759", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": " 1759", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": " 1759", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": " 1759", + "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": " 1755", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": " 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": " 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757", + "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": " 1755, he laid out his plans for 1756", + "5733faaf4776f41900661630": " Sir Charles Hardy", + "5733faaf4776f41900661631": " 1755, he laid out his plans for 1756", + "5733faaf4776f41900661632": " 1755, he laid out his plans for 1756", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": " 1756", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": " to be known as the Seven Years' War", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": " 1756", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": " 1756", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": " 1756", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": " 1756", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": " 1756", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": " July. When he arrived in Albany, Abercrombie refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "The new British command was not in place until July. When he arrived in Albany", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "The new British command was not in place until July. When he arrived in Albany", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": " July. When he arrived in Albany", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": " 1757", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": " 1757", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": " 1757", + "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": " 1757", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": " irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757", + "57340111d058e614000b677d": " 1758", + "57340111d058e614000b677e": " 1758", + "57340111d058e614000b677f": " 1758", + "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "The British failures in North America", + "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "The British failures in North America", + "5734025d4776f419006616c5": " 1757", + "5734025d4776f419006616c6": " 1757", + "573403394776f419006616dd": "The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon", + "573403394776f419006616de": "The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon", + "573403394776f419006616df": "The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon", + "573403394776f419006616e0": " French victory in the Battle of Carillon", + "57340549d058e614000b67dd": " 1758, France's new foreign minister, the duc de Choiseul, decided to focus on an invasion of Britain", + "57340549d058e614000b67de": " 1758", + "57340549d058e614000b67df": " Seven Years' War in 1758", + "573406d1d058e614000b6801": " 1759", + "573406d1d058e614000b6802": " 1759", + "573406d1d058e614000b6803": " 1759", + "573406d1d058e614000b6804": " 1759", + "573407d7d058e614000b6813": " and before any hostilities erupted, Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst", + "573407d7d058e614000b6814": " regular troops were returned to France", + "573407d7d058e614000b6815": " 1760, and before any hostilities erupted, Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst", + "573408ef4776f41900661757": " 1763, and war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661758": " 1763, and war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661759": " 1763, and war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f4190066175a": " 1763, and war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763", + "57340a094776f4190066177d": " 1755", + "57340a094776f4190066177e": " 1755", + "57340a094776f4190066177f": " 1755", + "57340a094776f41900661780": " 1755 resulted in land made available to migrants from Europe and the colonies further south", + "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": " 1763 on October 7, 1763", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": " 1763 on October 7, 1763", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": " 1763 on October 7, 1763", + "57340d124776f419006617c3": " 1769", + "57340d124776f419006617c0": " 1769", + "57340d124776f419006617c1": " 1769", + "57340d124776f419006617c2": " 1769", + "57340d124776f419006617bf": " 1769", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": " misunderstandings about motion and force were eventually corrected by Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": " misunderstandings about motion and force were eventually corrected by Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": " the study of stationary and moving objects", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "ophers in antiquity used the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": " misunderstandings about motion and force were eventually corrected by Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": " gauge bosons are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": " gauge bosons are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed. Only four main interactions are known", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": " gauge bosons are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed. Only four main interactions are known", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": " gauge bosons are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed. Only four main interactions are known", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": " gauge bosons are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed. Only four main interactions are known", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotle", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": " a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": " a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": " a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton's First Law of Motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "Newton's First Law", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton's First Law", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": " net force", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "Newton's First Law", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": " ball straight up", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": " A person can throw a ball straight up", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": " ball straight up", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": " ball straight up", + "573749741c4567190057445d": "The concept of inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445e": "The concept of inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445f": "The concept of inertia", + "573749741c45671900574460": "The concept of inertia", + "573749741c45671900574461": "The concept of inertia", + "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", + "573750f61c45671900574468": " Second Law", + "573750f61c45671900574469": "Newton's Second Law", + "573750f61c4567190057446a": "Newton's Second Law", + "573750f61c4567190057446b": " a coherent theory of quantum gravity, it is unclear as to how or whether this connection is relevant on microscales", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "Newton's Third Law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "Newton's Third Law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "Newton's Third Law", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": " particles, there are no internal forces that are unbalanced. That is, the action-reaction force shared between any two objects", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": ". That is, the action-reaction force shared between any two objects", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": ". That is, the action-reaction force shared between any two objects", + "573766251c45671900574471": " a standard measurement scale. Through experimentation, it is determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics", + "573766251c45671900574472": " a standard measurement scale. Through experimentation, it is determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics", + "573766251c45671900574473": " a standard measurement scale. Through experimentation, it is determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics", + "573766251c45671900574474": " direct observations and compared to a standard measurement scale", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": " direction", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": " direction", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": " direction", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": " direction", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "ces act in a particular direction", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": " vector quantities", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": " vector quantities", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": " vector quantities: they have magnitude and direction. When two forces act on a point particle", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": ". Such experiments demonstrate the crucial properties that forces are additive", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": " vector quantities", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "As well as being added, forces can also be resolved into independent components", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": " vector addition yields the original force. Resolving force vectors into components of a set of basis vectors", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "As well as being added, forces can also be resolved into independent components", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "As well as being added, forces can also be resolved into independent components", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": " vector addition yields the original force. Resolving force vectors into components of a set of basis vectors", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": " move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": " move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": " move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": " move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface", + "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "A static equilibrium between two forces is the most usual way of measuring forces, using simple devices such as weighing scales and spring balances", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "A static equilibrium between two forces", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": " spring balances", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": " spring balances", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": " static equilibrium between two forces", + "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": " Galileo", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": " Galileo", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Dynamic equilibrium was first described by Galileo", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": " Galileo", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": " Galileo", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": " dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface", + "57377aac1c45671900574479": " operators instead of classical variables and though the physics is now described by the Schr\u00f6dinger equation", + "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "The notion \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", + "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "The notion \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", + "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "The notion \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", + "57377aac1c4567190057447d": " operators instead of classical variables and though the physics is now described by the Schr\u00f6dinger equation", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": " discrete intrinsic angular momentum", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": " discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called the \"spin\", and there is the Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": ". Depending on the value of the spin, identical particles split into two different classes, fermions and bosons", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": " particles acting onto each other", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": " particles acting onto each other", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": " particle physics, forces and the acceleration of particles are explained as a mathematical by-product of exchange of momentum-carrying gauge bosons", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": " gauge bosons", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": " gauge bosons", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": " gauge bosons", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": " gauge bosons", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas", + "573784fa1c45671900574483": " Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574484": " Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574485": " a universal force", + "573784fa1c45671900574486": " Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574487": " a universal force", + "573786b51c4567190057448d": " a formula that relates the mass () and the radius () of the Earth", + "573786b51c4567190057448e": " a formula that relates the mass () and the radius () of the Earth", + "573786b51c4567190057448f": " a formula that relates the mass () and the radius () of the Earth", + "573786b51c45671900574490": "Newton came to realize that the effects of gravity might be observed in different ways at larger distances", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": " 1798 was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance; this was widely reported in the press", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": " 1798", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": " 1798", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": " 1798 was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance; this was widely reported in the press", + "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies; however, despite some early indications, no such planet could be found", + "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies; however, despite some early indications, no such planet could be found", + "5737898f1c45671900574497": " Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity", + "5737898f1c45671900574498": " Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity", + "5737898f1c45671900574499": "Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies; however, despite some early indications, no such planet could be found", + "57378b141c4567190057449f": " a force, but rather, objects moving freely in gravitational fields travel under their own inertia in straight lines through curved space-time", + "57378b141c456719005744a0": " freely in gravitational fields travel under their own inertia in straight lines through curved space", + "57378b141c456719005744a1": " freely in gravitational fields travel under their own inertia in straight lines through curved space-time", + "57378b141c456719005744a2": " freely in gravitational fields travel under their own inertia in straight lines through curved space-time", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": " vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": " vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": " vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", + "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": " vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", + "57378e311c456719005744af": " 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs", + "57378e311c456719005744b0": " 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs", + "57378e311c456719005744b1": "The origin of electric and magnetic fields", + "57378e311c456719005744b2": "The origin of electric and magnetic fields", + "57378e311c456719005744b3": " 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs", + "573792ee1c456719005744b9": " a new theory of electromagnetism was developed", + "573792ee1c456719005744ba": " photoelectric effect", + "573792ee1c456719005744bb": " a new theory of electromagnetism was developed using quantum mechanics. This final modification to electromagnetic theory ultimately led to quantum electrodynamics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bc": " a new theory of electromagnetism was developed using quantum mechanics. This final modification to electromagnetic theory ultimately led to quantum electrodynamics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bd": " two observations, the photoelectric effect", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": " electromagnetic force", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": " electromagnetic force", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": " a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges", + "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": " electromagnetic force", + "5737958b1c456719005744c3": " electromagnetic force", + "5737958b1c456719005744c4": " electromagnetic force", + "5737958b1c456719005744c5": " a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges", + "5737958b1c456719005744c6": " electromagnetic force", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": " particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": " beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei)", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": " beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei)", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": " beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei)", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": " beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei)", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": " beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei)", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms", + "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "ulsion (due to fermionic nature of electrons) follows resulting in the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms", + "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": " forces of interaction between atoms", + "57379ed81c456719005744d5": " ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys", + "57379ed81c456719005744d6": " strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys", + "57379ed81c456719005744d7": " ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable", + "57379ed81c456719005744d8": " strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable", + "57379ed81c456719005744d9": " massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics in general were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": " matrix diagonals of the tensor)", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": " matrix diagonals of the tensor)", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "tensor is being calculated", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": " matrix diagonals of the tensor)", + "5737a4511c456719005744df": " torque. Likewise, Newton's Second Law of Motion can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body", + "5737a4511c456719005744e0": " torque. Likewise, Newton's Second Law of Motion can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body", + "5737a4511c456719005744e1": " torque. Likewise, Newton's Second Law of Motion can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body", + "5737a5931c456719005744e7": " accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up, and the radial (", + "5737a5931c456719005744e8": " accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up", + "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "etal force felt by any object", + "5737a5931c456719005744ea": " accelerates the object by either slowing it down or speeding it up, and the radial (", + "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "etal force felt by any object", + "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "A conservative force that acts on a closed system", + "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "A conservative force that acts on a closed system", + "5737a7351c456719005744f3": " work that allows energy to convert only between kinetic or potential forms", + "5737a7351c456719005744f4": " conservative force that acts on a closed system", + "5737a7351c456719005744f5": " work that allows energy to convert only between kinetic or potential forms", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": " gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": " gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": ". This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": " gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force (kgf)", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": " metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force (kgf) (sometimes kilopond", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force (kgf)", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force", + "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": " metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force (kgf)" +}