{ "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": " February 7", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": " February 7", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": " February 7", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": " February 7", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": " February 7", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": " February 7", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": " February 7", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": " February 7", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": " February 7", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": " February 7", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": " National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": " February 7", "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56d600e31c85041400946eae": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": " Super Bowl title. The game was played on February 7", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": " February 7", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": " February 7", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": " 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and advanced to their second Super Bowl appearance since the franchise was founded in 1995", "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": " three turnovers", "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": " three turnovers", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": " three turnovers", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": " three turnovers", "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles", "56d601e41c85041400946ece": " three turnovers", "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": " three turnovers", "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": " three turnovers", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": " three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles", "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d602631c85041400946ed8": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game", "56d602631c85041400946eda": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d602631c85041400946edb": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d602631c85041400946edc": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": " Roger Goodell", "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": " Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\"", "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": " Super Bowl \"spectacular\" and that it would be \"an important game for us as a league", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": " Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\"", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": " Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\"", "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": " Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\"", "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": " Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\"", "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": " Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": " Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\"", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": " Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\"", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": " Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl \"spectacular\"", "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": " three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": "The league eventually narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium. The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times", "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium. The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times", "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": " May 3", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium. The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium. The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium. The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area", "56be5523acb8001400a50330": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": " May 21", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": " May 21", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": " May 21", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": " May 21", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": " May 21", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": " $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": " May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium", "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": " Super Bowl 50", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": " Super Bowl appearance in three years", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": " Super Bowl. The Broncos made their second Super Bowl appearance in three years", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": " Super Bowl appearance in three years", "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": " Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII. Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox", "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": " Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": " 1978", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": " Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight All-Pro selections", "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": " 1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": " 1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": " 1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": " 1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": " 1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": " 1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": " 1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": " 1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": " 1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": " 1978", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": " 1978", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": " Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": " 1978", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": " Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight All-Pro selections", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": " 1978", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": " 1978", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": " 1978", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": " Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight All-Pro selections", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": " six Pro Bowl selections", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": " six Pro Bowl selections", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": " six Pro Bowl selections", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": " six Pro Bowl selections", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": " six Pro Bowl selections", "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": " six Pro Bowl selections", "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": " six Pro Bowl selections", "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": " six Pro Bowl selections", "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": " six Pro Bowl selections", "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections", "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": " six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": " Kawann Short", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": " Kawann Short", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": " Kawann Short", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": " Kawann Short", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": " Kawann Short", "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": " Kawann Short", "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": " Kawann Short", "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": " Kawann Short", "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": " Kawann Short", "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "The Panthers defense", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": " Kawann Short", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": " Kawann Short", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": " Kawann Short", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": " just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": " 39", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": " 39", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": " 39", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": " mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": " 39", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": " 39", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": " Fox", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": " 39", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": " 39", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": " a plantar fasciitis injury in his heel", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": " 39", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": " mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": " 39", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": " 39", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": " 39", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": " mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": " a plantar fasciitis injury in his heel", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": " 39", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": " 39", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": " mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": " 67.9 passer rating", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": " 67.9 passer rating", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": " 67.9 passer rating", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": " 67.9 passer rating", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": " 67.9 passer rating", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": " 67.9 passer rating", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": " 17 interceptions", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": " 67.9 passer rating", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": " 67.9 passer rating", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": " 67.9 passer rating", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "Manning finished the year with a career-low 67.9 passer rating", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": " 67.9 passer rating, throwing for 2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": " 67.9 passer rating", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": " 67.9 passer rating", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "Manning finished the year with a career-low 67.9 passer rating", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": " 67.9 passer rating", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": " 67.9 passer rating, throwing for 2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": " 67.9 passer rating", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": " 67.9 passer rating", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": " Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "The Broncos' defense", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "The Broncos' defense", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "The Broncos' defense", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "The Broncos' defense", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "The Broncos' defense", "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (4,530", "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "The Broncos' defense", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": " Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "The Broncos' defense", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": "The Broncos' defense", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": " Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": " Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": " seven turnovers", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": " seven turnovers", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": " seven turnovers", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": " seven turnovers", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": " seven turnovers", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": " seven turnovers", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": " seven turnovers", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": " seven turnovers", "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982ba": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56d701280d65d214001982bc": " seven turnovers", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": " seven turnovers", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": " seven turnovers", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": " 23\u201316, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": " pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23\u201316, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": " intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": " 23\u201316, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": " 23\u201316, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": " intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": " any in their two playoff games", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": " pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds left on the clock", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": " pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": " accurate.", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": " arm", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": " arm", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": " arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": " arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": " arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": " arm", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": " arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": " arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": " arm", "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": " accurate", "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": " accurate", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": " 39", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "Peyton Manning", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "Peyton Manning", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": "Peyton Manning", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": "eyton Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "Peyton Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "Peyton Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "Peyton Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "Peyton Manning", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": "Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls", "56d704430d65d214001982de": " Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39", "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "Peyton Manning", "56d704430d65d214001982e1": " 39", "56d704430d65d214001982e2": " 38", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": "Peyton Manning", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "Peyton Manning", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "Peyton Manning", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": " Von Miller for Denver", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": " Von Miller for Denver", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": " Von Miller for Denver. Manning and Newton also set the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks at 13 years and 48 days", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": " Von Miller for Denver. Manning and Newton also set the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks at 13 years and 48 days", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": " Von Miller for Denver", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": " Von Miller for Denver", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": " Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": " Von Miller for Denver. Manning and Newton also set the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks at 13 years and 48 days", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": " Von Miller for Denver", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": " Von Miller for Denver", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": " Von Miller for Denver", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": " Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": " Von Miller for Denver", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": " Von Miller for Denver. Manning and Newton also set the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks at 13 years and 48 days", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": " 13 years and 48 days", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": " Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": " Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": " Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": " Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": " end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": " Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": " end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": " Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": " Kubiak replacing Elway at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": "odded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": " Super Bowl was the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": " 10 seasons prior. The Broncos' decision to wear white meant the Panthers would wear their standard home uniform: black jerseys with silver pants", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": " 10 seasons prior. The Broncos' decision to wear white meant the Panthers would wear their standard home uniform: black jerseys with silver pants", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": " 21\u201310 in Super Bowl XL 10", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": " 21\u201310 in Super Bowl XL 10", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": " 21\u201310 in Super Bowl XL 10", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": " 10 seasons prior. The Broncos' decision to wear white meant the Panthers would wear their standard home uniform: black jerseys with silver pants", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": " Super Bowl was the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": " 21\u201310 in Super Bowl XL 10", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": " 21\u201310 in Super Bowl XL 10", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": " 21\u201310 in Super Bowl XL 10", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": " 21\u201310 in Super Bowl XL 10", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": " 10 seasons prior. The Broncos' decision to wear white meant the Panthers would wear their standard home uniform: black jerseys with silver pants", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": " 21\u201310 in Super Bowl XL 10", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": " 10 seasons prior. The Broncos' decision to wear white meant the Panthers would wear their standard home uniform: black jerseys with silver pants", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": " Panthers", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", "56d70d240d65d21400198326": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", "56d70d240d65d21400198327": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott. The Broncos practiced at Stanford University", "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", "56d70d240d65d21400198329": "The Panthers", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": " Panthers", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": " June 4", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": " June 4", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": " June 4, 2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": " June 4", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": " June 4", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": " June 4", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": " June 4", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": " June 4", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": " June 4", "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": " June 4", "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": " June 4, 2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V", "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": " June 4", "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": " June 4", "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": " June 4", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": " June 4", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": " June 4", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": " gold-themed promotions", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": " gold-themed promotions", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": " gold-themed promotions", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": " gold", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": " gold", "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": " gold-themed promotions", "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": " gold-themed promotions", "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": " gold-themed promotions", "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": " gold-themed promotions", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": " January 30", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": " January 30", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": " January 30", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": " January 30", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": " January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": " January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": " January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": " January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": " January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": " January 30", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": " NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": " January 30", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": " January 30", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": " January 30", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, \"Super Bowl City\" opened on January 30", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": " January 30", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": " January 30", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": " February 1, 2016", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": " February 1, 2016", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": " February 1, 2016", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose", "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": " Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": " February 1, 2016", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": " $40 million", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": " $40 million", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": " $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": " $40 million", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": " Host Committee", "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": " fund", "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56d71d150d65d21400198370": " Super Bowl 50", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": " Host Committee", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": " (30 kg). Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": " broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": " CBS", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": " CBS", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": " CBS", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": "ylon cameras", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": " CBS", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": " CBS", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": " CBS, as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL. The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": " CBS", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": " CBS", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": " December 28, 2015, ESPN", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": "ortes' Monday Night Football commentary crew of Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "ortes' Monday Night Football commentary crew of Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": "ortes' Monday Night Football commentary crew of Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": "ortes' Monday Night Football commentary crew of Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre", "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": " December 28, 2015, ESPN", "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": " December 28, 2015, ESPN Deportes", "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": "ortes' Monday Night Football commentary crew of Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": " December 28, 2015, ESPN Deportes", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": " December 28, 2015, ESPN Deportes", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": "ortes' Monday Night Football commentary crew of Alvaro Martin and Raul Allegre", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": " CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": " CBSSports.com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": "com", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": " CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": " CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": " CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": " CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets", "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": " CBSSports.com", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": " CBSSports.com", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": " Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": " Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": " The Late Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": " Show with Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198396": " Show with Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198397": " Show with Stephen Colbert", "56d720c70d65d21400198398": " Show with Stephen Colbert", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": "5,000,000", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": " $5,000,000", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": " January 26, the advertisements had not yet sold out", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": " January 26, the advertisements had not yet sold out", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": "5,000,000", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": " $5,000,000", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": " $5,000,000", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": " $5,000,000", "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": " $5,000,000", "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": " $5,000,000", "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "5,000,000", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": "5,000,000", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "000,000", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "5", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": " nine other contenders from across the United States for the free advertisement", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": " aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": "QuickBooks", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": " nine other contenders from across the United States", "56d722330d65d214001983a6": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56d722330d65d214001983a7": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56d722330d65d214001983a8": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks. Death Wish Coffee", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": " Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "20th Century Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", "56d723560d65d214001983ac": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", "56d723560d65d214001983ad": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", "56d723560d65d214001983ae": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", "56d723560d65d214001983af": " Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "20th Century Fox, Lionsgate", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "20th Century Fox, Lionsgate", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": "20th Century Fox, Lionsgate", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "Westwood One", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": " Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters. Jim Gray", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": " Harlan as play-by-play announcer", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": " calls", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": " WBT are both clear-channel stations, the local broadcasts will be audible over much of the western United States", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", "56d724620d65d214001983be": " calls", "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", "56d724620d65d214001983c0": " calls", "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": " 5 Live", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": " 5 Live Sports", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": " the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": " 5", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": " the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": " No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": " No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": " No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": " No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": " No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": " 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players. Bart Starr", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": "Six", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Six", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "Six", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": "Six-", "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": "Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": " December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": " Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": " Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": " Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": " December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d725790d65d214001983d8": " Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", "56d725790d65d214001983da": " Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", "56d725790d65d214001983db": " Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": " December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": " January 7", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": " January 7", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": " Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d728a10d65d21400198413": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d728a10d65d21400198414": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d728a10d65d21400198415": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d728a10d65d21400198416": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": " Caldwell", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": " 22-yard throw to receiver Andre Caldwell", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": " CBS analyst and retired referee Mike Carey", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": " incompletion", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": " incompletion and upheld", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": " Von Miller knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him, and Malik Jackson recovered it in the end zone", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": " Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXVIII at the end of the 1993 season", "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion", "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion", "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": " incompletion", "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": " incompletion and upheld", "56d728e00d65d21400198420": " Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": " Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": " Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": " Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery, but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "\u20130 lead. This was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXVIII at the end of the 1993 season", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56d729180d65d21400198426": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56d729180d65d21400198427": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56d729180d65d21400198428": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56d729180d65d21400198429": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56d729180d65d2140019842a": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": " Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players, but none of them attempted to make a tackle", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": " fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": " fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": " fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": " fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": " Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": " 35", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": " McManus' 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos a 16\u20137 lead.", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": " McManus' 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos a 16\u20137 lead.", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": " McManus' 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos a 16\u20137 lead.", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": " 35", "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": " 35-yard line on their second offensive play", "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": " McManus' 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos a 16\u20137 lead.", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": " pass that bounced off the hands of Ginn and was intercepted by safety T. J. Ward", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": " McManus' 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos a 16\u20137 lead.", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": " 35", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": " 35", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": " pass that bounced off the hands of Ginn and was intercepted by safety T. J. Ward", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": " McManus' 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos a 16\u20137 lead.", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": " Devin Funchess", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": " Devin Funchess", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": " Devin Funchess", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": " Devin Funchess", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": " Devin Funchess", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": " Devin Funchess", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": " 12-yard run by Stewart then set up Gano's 39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310.", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": " no more scoring in the third quarter", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": " Devin Funchess", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": " Devin Funchess", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": " Devin Funchess", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": " 16\u201310. The next three drives of the game would end in punts", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": " 24-yard line", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": " Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": " Anderson was the game's leading rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown, along with four receptions for 10 yards. Miller had six total tackles", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": "Manning finished the game 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": " 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": " 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": " Miller had six total tackles", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": "Manning finished the game 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": "Manning finished the game 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": " Miller", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": " 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": " Miller", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": "Manning finished the game 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": " 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": " 141 yards with one interception", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": " 13 of 23 for 141 yards with one interception", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": " Miller had six total tackles", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": " Super Bowl at age 39", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "21 to 11). Their 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": " 112 is a record lowest aggregate passer rating for a Super Bowl. Manning became the oldest quarterback ever to win a Super Bowl at age 39", "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "21 to 11). Their 194 yards and 11 first downs were both the lowest totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team", "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": " 112 is a record lowest aggregate passer rating for a Super Bowl. Manning became the oldest quarterback ever to win a Super Bowl at age 39", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": " Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record, surpassing the old record of 45 yards set by John Taylor in Super Bowl XXIII", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": " 112 is a record lowest aggregate passer rating for a Super Bowl. Manning became the oldest quarterback ever to win a Super Bowl at age 39", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": " 1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": " 1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": " (37 mi) from Warsaw, he moved to the city with his family when he was seven months old. Casimir Pulaski", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": " 1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": " seven", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": " 15.5 ha", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": " Saxon Garden, covering the area of 15.5 ha", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": " Saxon Garden, covering the area of 15.5 ha", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": " 15.5 ha", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": " 15.5 ha", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": " 15 kilometres (", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": " otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": " 15 kilometres", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": " 15 kilometres", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": " 15 kilometres (", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": " foreign-born inhabitants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": " foreign-born inhabitants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": " foreign-born inhabitants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": " foreign-born inhabitants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": " internal migration", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": " 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Krak\u00f3w. Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": " 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Krak\u00f3w. Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": " 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Krak\u00f3w. Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": " 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Krak\u00f3w. Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": " University of Warsaw", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": " over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzy\u0144ski and Zbigniew Badowski", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": " over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzy\u0144ski and Zbigniew Badowski", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": " University Library", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": " over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzy\u0144ski and Zbigniew Badowski", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": " 10,000 m2", "573399b54776f41900660e64": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland (especially Warsaw) was a major success", "573399b54776f41900660e65": " Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland (especially Warsaw) was a major success", "573399b54776f41900660e66": " foreign investment as well as funding from the European Union", "573399b54776f41900660e67": " metro, roads, sidewalks, health care facilities and sanitation facilities have improved markedly.", "57339a554776f41900660e74": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e75": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e76": " 700 beds", "57339a554776f41900660e77": " 700 beds", "57339a554776f41900660e78": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": " Philharmonic Hall", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": " Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera, the Chamber Opera, the National Philharmonic Hall", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": " Teatr Wielki", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": " Teatr Wielki", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": " Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera, the Chamber Opera, the National Philharmonic Hall", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": " cabaret, and Leon Schiller's musical theatre Melodram. The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre (1922", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "22", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "22", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "22", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "22", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": " Vistula on Midsummer\u2019", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": " pagan ritual where maidens would float their wreaths of herbs on the water to predict when they would be married", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": " Vistula on Midsummer\u2019", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": " Midsummer\u2019", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": " Vistula on Midsummer\u2019", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": " posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": " Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": " Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": " Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": " Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": " Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": " Warsaw and history of Poland can be found in the Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": " Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": " 1936 Warsaw Historical Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": " 60 rooms", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": " Zach\u0119ta National Gallery", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": " 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": " 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": " 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": " September", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": " Polonia", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": " Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": " Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": " Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": " Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": " 1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": " 1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": " 1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": " 1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": " 1390", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": " Artur Oppman, is that long ago two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey through the depths of the oceans", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": " Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": " Vistula River and plunged into its waters. She stopped to rest on a sandy beach by the village of Warszowa", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": " Nathan Alterman", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": " Nathan Alterman", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": " Nathan Alterman, the Israeli poet, was born in Warsaw, as was Moshe Vilenski", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Tamara de Lempicka", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": " Nathan Alterman, the Israeli poet, was born in Warsaw, as was Moshe Vilenski", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": " Frontex", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": " Frontex", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": " FMC", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": " Frontex", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": " Frontex", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": " 1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": " 1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": " 1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": " 1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": " 1313", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": " Vistula", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": " Vistula) and diocese (right bank), and possesses various universities, most notably the Polish Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": " picturesque Old Town in 1980 was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": " Vistula) and diocese (right bank), and possesses various universities, most notably the Polish Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": " Vistula) and diocese (right bank), and possesses various universities, most notably the Polish Academy of Sciences", "57332442d058e614000b5720": " Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5721": " nobleman who owned a village located at the modern-day site of Mariensztat neighbourhood. See also the Vr\u0161ovci family", "57332442d058e614000b5722": " nobleman who owned a village located at the modern-day site of Mariensztat neighbourhood. See also the Vr\u0161ovci family", "57332442d058e614000b5723": " Poland. The official city name in full is miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5724": " Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": " 1300. In the beginning of the 14th", "57332562d058e614000b5731": " 1300. In the beginning of the 14th", "57332562d058e614000b5732": " 1300", "57332562d058e614000b5733": " 1300. In the beginning of the 14th", "57332562d058e614000b5734": " 1300. In the beginning of the 14th", "5733266d4776f41900660712": " Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland", "5733266d4776f41900660713": " 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569", "5733266d4776f41900660714": " Sejm, permanent from 1569. In 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation", "5733266d4776f41900660715": " Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "96", "57332a734776f41900660726": " 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660727": " 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": " 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660729": " 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f4190066072a": " 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": " 4 August 1915 until November 1918", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": " 1914, which included Warsaw. Germany", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": " Germany from 4 August 1915", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": " 4 August 1915 until November 1918", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": " Germany from 4 August 1915", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": " 1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": " German Nazi colonial administration", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": " 1 September 1939 began the Second World War, Warsaw was defended till September 27. Central Poland", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": " 1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": " 1 September 1939 began the Second World War, Warsaw was defended till September 27", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "By July 1944, the Red Army was deep into Polish territory and pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "AK) to try to seize control of Warsaw from the Germans", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": " The armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours, was partially successful, however it went on for 63 days", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": " The armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours, was partially successful", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": " at between 150,000 and 200,000", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": " Soviets", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": " Soviets", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": " Poland and the country's centre of political and economic life. Many of the historic streets, buildings", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": " Soviet Union", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": " Soviets", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", "573330444776f41900660759": "ist fervor there", "573330444776f4190066075a": "ist fervor there", "573330444776f4190066075b": " Victory Square in Warsaw", "573330444776f4190066075c": "ist fervor there", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": " 300 km (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": " 300 km (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": " 300 km (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": " 115.", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": " 115.", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": " moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": " moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": " moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": " moraine plateau and the Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": " Escarpment", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": " moraine plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": " moraine plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": " visible valleys", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": " escarpment. Aeolian sand with a number of dunes parted by peat swamps", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": " moraine plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": " PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": " bloc countries", "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic architecture", "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", "573361404776f4190066093e": "14th century), the temple is a typical example of the so-called Masovian gothic style", "573361404776f4190066093f": "1562", "573361404776f41900660940": "1596", "573362b94776f41900660974": " noble palaces and churches during the later decades of the 17th century", "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688", "573362b94776f41900660976": " noble palaces and churches during the later decades of the 17th century", "573362b94776f41900660977": " noble palaces and churches during the later decades of the 17th century", "573362b94776f41900660978": " 1775", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": " communist authorities", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": " communist authorities", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": " communist authorities", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": " communist authorities", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": " communist authorities", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": " November Uprising", "5733647e4776f419006609af": " November Uprising", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": " Uprising", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": " November Uprising", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": " Wincenty Ku\u0107ma was erected in memory of the largest insurrection of World War II", "573368044776f41900660a29": " green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library garden", "573368044776f41900660a2a": " Botanic Garden and the University Library", "573368044776f41900660a2b": " Botanic Garden and the University Library", "573368044776f41900660a2c": " Botanic Garden and the University Library", "573368044776f41900660a2d": " 1865\u20131871", "573368e54776f41900660a53": " Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany", "573368e54776f41900660a54": " Kampinos Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a55": " Kampinos Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a56": " Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": " Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": " 6%, so shortly the city started to suffer from the lack of flats and of areas for new houses", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": " 6%, so shortly the city started to suffer from the lack of flats and of areas for new houses", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "51)", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": " 6%, so shortly the city started to suffer from the lack of flats and of areas for new houses", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": " no limitations to residency registration", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": " 1901 census, out of 711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": " 1901 census, out of 711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": " 1901 census, out of 711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": " 1901 census, out of 711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": " 1944", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": " car registration: a gmina cannot register cars, this is a powiat", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": " counties or powiats", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": " cars, this is a powiat", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": " unicameral Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": " 60 members. Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "Legislative power in Warsaw", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "Legislative power in Warsaw", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "Legislative power in Warsaw", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "1695", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "1695", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "1695", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "1695", "573382d24776f41900660c37": " 94 000", "573382d24776f41900660c38": " 304,016 companies were registered in the city. Warsaw's ever-growing business community has been noticed globally, regionally, and nationally. MasterCard", "573382d24776f41900660c39": " 94 000", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": " per capita (or 160% of the European Union average). The GDP per capita in Warsaw amounted to PLN 94 000", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": " 94 000", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": " 31 August 2009", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": " 31 August 2009", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": " 31 August 2009", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": " 31 August 2009", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": " 31 August 2009", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": " FSO Car Factory was established in 1951. A number of vehicles have been assembled there", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": " AvtoZAZ, a Ukrainian car manufacturer which assembled there the Chevrolet Aveo. The license for the production of the Aveo expired in February 2011", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": " FSO Car Factory", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": " FSO Car Factory", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": " FSO Car Factory", "573166ede6313a140071cef2": " 516.9 square kilometres", "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "199.6 sq mi), while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.", "573166ede6313a140071cef4": "199.6 sq mi), while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.", "573166ede6313a140071cef5": " 2.666 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union", "573166ede6313a140071cef6": "199.6 sq mi), while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "199.6 sq mi), while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "199.6 sq mi), while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "199.6 sq mi), while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": " 2.666 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": " 2.666 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "Norman: Nourmands", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "Norman: Nourmands", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Norman: Nourmands", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Norman: Nourmands", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "Norman: Nourmands", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": " Gallo-Romance", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": " Gallo-Romance", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": " Gallo-Romance", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "The English name \"Normans\" comes from the French words Normans/Normanz", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": " 9th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": " Gallia Lugdunensis II", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": " Viking incursions", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": " war bands into the rivers of France evolved into more permanent encampments that included local women and personal property. The Duchy of Normandy", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": " Rollo's arrival, its populations did not differ from Picardy or the \u00cele-de-France", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": " Rollo's Vikings", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "Norman\" culture in the north of France", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": " Franks of the Carolingian dynasty", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": " Italy", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": "Opportunistic bands of Normans successfully established a foothold in Southern Italy", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": "Opportunistic bands of Normans successfully established a foothold in Southern Italy", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": " Hauteville", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "The two most prominent Norman families to arrive in the Mediterranean were descendants of Tancred of Hauteville", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": " 1194, when it was transferred to the House of Hohenstaufen", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": " 1130", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": " 1194, when it was transferred to the House of Hohenstaufen", "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": " Sicilian populations living in harmony, and its Norman rulers fostered plans of establishing an Empire that would have encompassed Fatimid Egypt", "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": " Sicilian populations living in harmony, and its Norman rulers fostered plans of establishing an Empire that would have encompassed Fatimid Egypt", "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": " a unique government. Under this state, there was great religious freedom, and alongside the Norman nobles existed a meritocratic bureaucracy of Jews, Muslims and Christians", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": " Armenia, fighting against the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": " Trebizond", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": " Asia Minor", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": " Asia Minor", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": " Taron in far eastern Anatolia", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": " Taron in far eastern Anatolia", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": " Taron in far eastern Anatolia", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": " Comnenian Restoration", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": " Italy", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "Robert Guiscard, an other Norman adventurer previously elevated to the dignity of count of Apulia", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": " Apulia", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": " Deabolis", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": " few years after the First Crusade, in 1107, the Normans under the command of Bohemond, Robert's son, landed in Valona", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": " Deabolis", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "The further decline of Byzantine state-of-affairs paved the road to a third attack in 1185", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": " 1185, when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": " Adriatic\u2014fell again to Byzantine hands", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "The Normans were in contact with England", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "The Normans were in contact with England", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": " Ethelred fled to Normandy in 1013, when he was forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "The Normans were in contact with England", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": " Harthacnut", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": " Harthacnut", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": " Godwin of Wessex", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": " 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": " King Harold II", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": " King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. The invading Normans and their descendants replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class of England", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": " King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. The invading Normans and their descendants replaced the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class of England", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": " Latin language, something that was the subject of some humour by Geoffrey Chaucer", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": " 1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "The Normans had a profound effect on Irish culture and history after their invasion at Bannow Bay", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": " 1169", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": " Scotland. King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": " Scotland. King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": " Scotland. King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": " Scotland. King Malcolm III", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": " David I of Scotland, whose elder brother Alexander I had married Sybilla of Normandy", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": " King David I of Scotland, whose elder brother Alexander I had married Sybilla of Normandy, was instrumental in introducing Normans and Norman culture to Scotland", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": " Wales", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": " Wales", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": " Wales", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": " Marches came completely under the dominance of William's most trusted Norman barons, including Bernard de Neufmarch", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "The legendary religious zeal of the Normans was exercised in religious wars long before the First Crusade carved out a Norman principality in Antioch", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": " Reconquista in Iberia", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": " de facto leader of the Crusade during its passage through Asia Minor", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": " de facto leader of the Crusade during its passage through Asia Minor", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": " Transjordan", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "The conquest of Cyprus by the Anglo-Norman forces of the Third Crusade", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": " storm dispersed the fleet", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": " Acre. But a storm dispersed the fleet", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": " Acre. But a storm dispersed the fleet", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": " Acre. But a storm dispersed the fleet", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": " Conrad", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": " silver chains", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": " Limassol", "56de41504396321400ee2714": " Limassol, Richard the Lion-Heart married Berengaria of Navarre", "56de41504396321400ee2715": " 1191", "56de41504396321400ee2716": " Berengaria of Navarre", "56de48f34396321400ee2770": " Famagusta in 1571", "56de48f34396321400ee2771": " Templar", "56de49564396321400ee277a": " 1402 and 1405, the expedition led by the Norman noble Jean de Bethencourt", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands, as vassal to Henry III", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": " Henry III", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": " Henry III", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": " two judges", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": " two judges", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": " a unique Romanesque idiom to England and Italy", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "Norman architecture", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": " a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": " a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": " a unique style known as Norman-Arab architecture within the Kingdom of Sicily", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": " Cluniac reform of monasteries", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": " Cluniac reform of monasteries", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "The French Wars of Religion in the 16th century and French Revolution", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "estry but a work of embroidery", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": " Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "estry but a work of embroidery. It was commissioned by Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": " metalwork, such as capitals and baptismal fonts", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": " F\u00e9camp Abbey", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "Normandy", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": " Italy", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy. Under the Norman abbot Robert de Grantmesnil", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy. Under the Norman abbot Robert de Grantmesnil", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "At Saint Evroul, a tradition of singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy. Under the Norman abbot Robert de Grantmesnil", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": " 10 July 1856", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": " 10 July 1856", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": " 10 July 1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": " 10 July 1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": " 10 July 1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": " 10 July 1856", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "Serbian Cyrillic: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430; 10 July 1856", "56df9ee138dc421700152108": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", "56df9ee138dc421700152109": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": " 1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": " 1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": " 1884 to work for Thomas Edison", "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution", "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "1893", "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "1893", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "1893", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "1893", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": " Wardenclyffe Tower project", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "121,154", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "121,154", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": "121,154 He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "121,154", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": "121,154 He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "121,154", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": "121,154", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "121,154 He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": "121,154 He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement. Tesla died on 7 January 1943", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": " Austrian Empire", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": " Serb family in the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": " Serb family in the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": " Serb family in the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": " Serb family in the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": " 10 July [O.S. 28", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": " Serb family in the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": " 10 July [O.S. 28", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": " 28 June] 1856 into a Serb family in the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire", "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": " Milka", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": " Smiljan where he studied German, arithmetic, and religion. In 1862, the Tesla family moved to Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": " Empire", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": " Dane", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": " Milka", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": " Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": " Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": " Milka", "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": " Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": " 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": " 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army", "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": " Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": " killed through overwork. During his second year, Tesla came into conflict with Professor Poeschl over the Gramme dynamo", "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": " exam time came, Tesla was unprepared and asked for an extension to study, but was denied. He never graduated from the university", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": " lecture", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": " 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": " Mur River. Tesla went to Maribor (now in Slovenia", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": " Mur River. Tesla went to Maribor (now in Slovenia", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": " Mur River. Tesla went to Maribor (now in Slovenia), where he worked as a draftsman for 60 florins", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": " Mur River. Tesla went to Maribor (now in Slovenia", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": " Milutin Tesla went to Maribor to beg his son to return home, but Nikola refused. Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": " Mur River. Tesla went to Maribor (now in Slovenia", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": " Mur River. Tesla went to Maribor (now in Slovenia", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": " Mur River. Tesla went to Maribor (now in Slovenia", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": " Mur River. Tesla went to Maribor (now in Slovenia", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": " Mur River. Tesla went to Maribor (now in Slovenia", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": " 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": " Gospi\u0107 for Prague", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": " Gospi\u0107 for Prague", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": " a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject. Tesla did, however, attend lectures", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": " a required subject; and he was illiterate", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": "57\u201360 where he was hired by Thomas Edison", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": "57\u201360 where he was hired by Thomas Edison", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": " Edison Company", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": " Edison Company", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "57", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": "57\u201360 where he was hired by Thomas Edison", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": " 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": " Edison's company Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": " arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had designs for dynamo electric machine commutators", "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": " electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": " Edison's company Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": " Tesla", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": " Light & Manufacturing", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": " Edison", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": " electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": "o electric machine commutators", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "The investors showed little interest in Tesla's ideas for new types of motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": " Tesla Electric Company", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": " Tesla Electric Company", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": " Tesla Electric Company", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": " Tesla Electric Company", "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": " Tesla Electric Company", "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": " Tesla Electric Company", "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": " Electric Company", "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": " Tesla Electric Company", "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": " Tesla Electric Company", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": " motor (a principle Tesla claimed to have conceived in 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": " May 1888", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": " 1887", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": " commutator", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": " motor (a principle Tesla claimed to have conceived in 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": " motor (a principle Tesla claimed to have conceived in 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": " 1887 was an induction motor that ran on alternating current, a power system format that was starting to be built in Europe and the United States", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": " 1887", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": " motor (a principle Tesla claimed to have conceived in 1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": " AC motor and related power system", "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": "ator", "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": " Galileo Ferraris", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": " Electrical World magazine, Thomas Commerford Martin", "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e05900231d4119001ac051": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower", "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": " DC traction motor", "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": " DC traction motor", "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": " motor), although they soon found that, since Tesla's induction motor could only run at a constant speed, it would not work for street cars", "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": " DC traction motor", "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": " DC traction motor", "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": " DC traction motor", "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "AC\" side of the so-called \"War of Currents,\" an electrical distribution battle being waged between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse", "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": " motor had to be put on hold for a while. The competition resulted in Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890", "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": " 1890", "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": " motor had to be put on hold for a while. The competition resulted in Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": " motor had to be put on hold for a while. The competition resulted in Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": " motor had to be put on hold for a while. The competition resulted in Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": " 1886", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": " motor had to be put on hold for a while. The competition resulted in Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": " motor had to be put on hold for a while. The competition resulted in Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": " Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": " AC power, as Westinghouse demonstrated the safety, reliability, and efficiency of a fully integrated alternating current system to the American public.", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": " Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": " Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars. This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": "voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp.:79", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": " Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": " AC power, as Westinghouse demonstrated the safety, reliability, and efficiency of a fully integrated alternating current system to the American public.", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": " Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars. This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": " AC power", "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": " Cataract Construction Company sought Tesla", "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": " US and European companies", "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": " US and European companies", "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": " US and European companies", "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": " US and European companies", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": " US and European companies", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": " US and European companies", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": " US and European companies", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "phased system would be the most reliable and that there was a Westinghouse system to light incandescent bulbs", "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": " $216,000", "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": " $216,000", "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": " $216,000", "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": " $216,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": " $216,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": " $216,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": " $216,000", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": " 30 July 1891, at the age of 35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": " 1892 to 1894", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": " 1892 to 1894", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": " 1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": " 1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": " 1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": " 1892 to 1894", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's December 1895 announcement of the discovery of x-rays", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's December 1895 announcement of the discovery of x-rays\u2014when he tried to photograph Mark Twain", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's December 1895 announcement of the discovery of x-rays", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's December 1895 announcement of the discovery of x-rays\u2014when he tried to photograph Mark Twain", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography), Tesla proceeded to do his own experiments", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "rays", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": " no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography), Tesla proceeded to do his own experiments", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": " ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": " ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": " circuit", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": " circuit", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": " force-free magnetic fields", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": " a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasmas", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": " ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": " a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": " a lesser extent, by nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly believed that X-rays were longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasmas", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": " Benjamin Lamme had made great progress developing an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": " 1893", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": " AC systems", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": " Egg of Columbus", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": " stand on end using a device he constructed known as the Egg of Columbus", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": " 11", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": " 11", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": " 11", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": " 11", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": " 1893 in St. Louis, Missouri", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": " 1893 in St. Louis, Missouri", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": " 1893 in St. Louis, Missouri", "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": " exhibition at Madison Square Garden", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": " exhibition at Madison Square Garden", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": " exhibition at Madison Square Garden", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": " Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat\u2014which he dubbed \"teleautomaton\"\u2014to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": " Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat\u2014which he dubbed \"teleautomaton\"\u2014to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "uglielmo Marconi made his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission in 1901, Tesla quipped that it was done with 17 Tesla patents", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": " 17 Tesla patents", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": " 17 Tesla patents", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": "uglielmo Marconi made his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission in 1901, Tesla quipped that it was done with 17 Tesla patents", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": " Oliver Lodge, and John Stone", "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": " 17 May 1899, Tesla moved to Colorado Springs", "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": " 17 May 1899, Tesla moved to Colorado Springs", "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": " 17", "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": " five inches", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": "Tesla investigated atmospheric electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": " electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": " electricity", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": " 135 feet long. Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": " 135 feet long. Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": " 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": " 135 feet long. Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": " 135 feet long. Thunder from the released energy was heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek, Colorado", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": " The Electrical Experimenter", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": " The Electrical Experimenter", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": " windings and destroy the insulation!\"", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": " windings and destroy the insulation!\"", "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": " Julian Hawthorne at the Philadelphia North American on 8 December 1899", "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": " Julian Hawthorne at the Philadelphia North American on 8 December 1899", "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": " Julian Hawthorne at the Philadelphia North American on 8 December 1899", "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": " Julian Hawthorne at the Philadelphia North American on 8 December 1899", "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": " Julian Hawthorne at the Philadelphia North American on 8 December 1899", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": " $100", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": " $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": " $100", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": " $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": " 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": " 1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": " 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed] His lab was torn down in 1904", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": " 1904", "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": " Wardenclyffe", "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "The Colorado experiments had prepared Tesla for the establishment of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as Wardenclyffe", "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": " Shoreham, Long Island", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": " Morgan to ask for more funds", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": " Morgan to ask for more funds", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": " Morgan to ask for more funds", "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England", "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": " Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England", "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": " Morgan.[", "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": " 187 feet (57 m", "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine.", "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": "5,000 hp", "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "On his 50th birthday in 1906, Tesla demonstrated his 200 horsepower (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine.", "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "150 kilowatts", "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": " steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": " dull students bright by saturating them unconsciously with electricity,\" wiring the walls of a schoolroom and, \"saturating [", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": " dull students bright", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": " dull students bright by saturating them unconsciously with electricity,\" wiring the walls of a schoolroom and, \"saturating [", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": " dull students bright by saturating them unconsciously with electricity,\" wiring the walls of a schoolroom and, \"saturating [", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": " $20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": " $20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": " $20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": " $20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": " $20,000", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": " August 1917 edition of the magazine Electrical Experimenter Tesla postulated that electricity could be used to locate submarines via using the reflection of an \"electric ray\"", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": " August 1917 edition of the magazine Electrical Experimenter Tesla postulated that electricity could be used to locate submarines via using the reflection of an \"electric ray\"", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": " August 1917 edition of the magazine Electrical Experiment", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": " Electrical Experimenter Tesla postulated that electricity could be used to locate submarines", "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": " 6 November 1915, a Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": " 6 November 1915, a Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": " 6 November 1915, a Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": " 6 November 1915, a Reuters news agency report from London had the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Thomas Edison", "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": "245", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": " 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": " 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": " 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": " $1,000", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": " $1,000", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": " $1,000", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": " $1,000", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": " $125 per month", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": " $125 per month as well as paying his rent", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": " $125 per month as well as paying his rent", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": " $125 per month as well as paying his rent", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": " mineral deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": " mineral deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": " mineral deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": " mineral deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": " mineral deposits", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": " cab. Tesla was bedridden", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": " a doctor\u2014an almost lifelong custom). Tesla didn't raise any question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": " severely wrenched and three of his ribs were broken in the accident", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": " cab. Tesla was bedridden", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": " a doctor\u2014an almost lifelong custom).", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": " Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": " Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": " Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": " Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": " Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\"", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "sten pellets", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "sten pellets", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": "sten pellets", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": "sten pellets", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "sten pellets", "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": " Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": " Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": " Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": " Nikola Tesla Museum archive", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": " Nikola Tesla Museum archive", "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": " paper; the blueprint for the teleforce weapon was all in his mind.", "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": " paper; the blueprint for the teleforce weapon was all in his mind", "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": " no danger that his invention could be stolen", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": " 7 January 1943, at the age of 86", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": " 7 January 1943, at the age of 86", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": " Funeral Home at Madison Ave. and 81st St. A long-time friend and supporter of Tesla, Hugo Gernsback", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": " 7 January 1943, at the age of 86, Tesla died alone in room 3327", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": " Funeral Home at Madison Ave. and 81st St. A long-time friend and supporter of Tesla, Hugo Gernsback", "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": " Alien Property (OAP) seal. John G. Trump", "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": " Alien Property (OAP) seal. John G. Trump", "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": " Alien Property (OAP) seal. John G. Trump", "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": " Alien Property (OAP) seal. John G. Trump", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": " 10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiore", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": " 10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiore", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": " 10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiore", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": " 10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiore", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": " 10 January 1943, New York City mayor Fiore", "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": " Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": " Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": " Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": " Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": " Belgrade", "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": " 26 countries", "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": " 26 countries that have been accounted for. Many of Tesla's patents were in the United States", "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "62 Many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection", "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": " 26 countries that have been accounted for. Many of Tesla's patents were in the United States, Britain, and Canada", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": " Delmonico's restaurant and later the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": " Delmonico's restaurant and later the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": " Delmonico's restaurant and later the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": " social obligations. Tesla would then resume his work, often until 3:00 a.m.\":283, 286", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": " 10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": " 8 to 10 miles per day", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": " toes", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": " toes one hundred times for each foot every night", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": " telepathy", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": " telepathy", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": " newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": " $2,000", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": " $2,000", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": " $2,000", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": " $2,000, including building a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal, to fix her broken wing and leg", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": " $2,000", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": " 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 142 pounds (64 kg), with almost no weight variance from 1888 to about 1926", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": " 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 142 pounds (64 kg), with almost no weight variance from 1888 to about 1926", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": " 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 142 pounds (64 kg), with almost no weight variance from 1888 to about 1926", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": " 1926", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": " Serbo-Croatian", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": " eight languages: Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin.:282", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": " eight languages: Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin.:282", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": " eight languages: Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin.:282", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": " eight languages: Serbo-Croatian, Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, and Latin.:282", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": " 301 On one occasion at his laboratory, Tesla worked for a period of 84 hours without sleep or rest.:208 Kenneth Swezey", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": " 301 On one occasion at his laboratory, Tesla worked for a period of 84 hours without sleep or rest.:208 Kenneth Swezey", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": "43, 301 On one occasion at his laboratory, Tesla worked for a period of 84 hours without sleep or rest.:208 Kenneth Swezey", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": "43, 301 On one occasion at his laboratory, Tesla worked for a period of 84 hours without sleep or rest.:208 Kenneth Swezey", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": " 301", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": " married; he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities.:33", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": " married; he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities.:33", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": " married; he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities.:33", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": " Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": " Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": " Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": " Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": " Underwood Johnson", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": " Francis Marion Crawford", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": " Francis Marion Crawford", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": " Francis Marion Crawford", "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": " overweight people", "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": " overweight people", "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": " overweight people", "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": " overweight people", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": " a believer in the 19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\"", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": " a believer in the 19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\"", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": " a believer in the 19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\"", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": " a believer in the 19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\"", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "247", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "247", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": "247", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": " 1892, and in 1937, at age 81, claimed in a letter to have completed a \"dynamic theory of gravity\"", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": " 1892", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": " 1892", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": " 1892, and in 1937, at age 81, claimed in a letter to have completed a \"dynamic theory of gravity\"", "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "ugenics", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "ugenics", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "ugenics", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "Tesla, like many of his era, became a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics", "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": " social subservience of women", "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": " Tesla commented on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": " social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "20 December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "20 December 1914", "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": "believer in the orthodox sense,\" and opposed religious fanaticism. Despite this, he had a profound respect for both Buddhism and Christianity", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": " Orthodox Christian. Later in his life, he did not consider himself to be a \"believer in the orthodox sense,\" and opposed religious fanaticism", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": "believer in the orthodox sense,\" and opposed religious fanaticism. Despite this, he had a profound respect for both Buddhism and Christianity", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": " uncertain", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": " uncertain", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": " uncertain", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": " My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": " My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": " My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": " Century Magazine in 1900", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": " Century Magazine in 1900", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": " Century Magazine in 1900", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": " a recurring theme", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": " a recurring theme", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": " a recurring theme in several types of science fiction", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": " 75th birthday in 1931, Time", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": " Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": " Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": " Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": " Albert Einstein", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": " models of computation to study these problems", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": " models of computation to study these problems", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": " models of computation to study these problems", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": " models of computation to study these problems", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": " models of computation to study these problems", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": " In turn, imposing restrictions on the available resources is what distinguishes computational complexity from computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": " In turn, imposing restrictions on the available resources is what distinguishes computational complexity from computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": " A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": " A key distinction between analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": " problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": " a problem refers to the abstract question to be solved. In contrast, an instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": " 15)", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": " problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": " 15)", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": " 10 km", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": " 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": " 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": " bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": " a problem instance is a string over an alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": " bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": " a problem instance is a string over an alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": " alphabet", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "Decision", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": " all connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": " a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": " all connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": " single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": " decision problem, that is, it isn't just yes or no. Notable examples include the traveling salesman", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": " decision problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": " decision problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": " decision problem, that is, it isn't just yes or no. Notable examples include the traveling salesman", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": " decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": " triples (a, b, c) such that the relation a \u00d7 b = c holds.", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": " bits. Complexity", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": " bits. Complexity", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": " calculated as a function of the size of the instance. This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits. Complexity", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": " bits. Complexity", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": " 2n vertices", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": " a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": " polynomial time algorithm", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": " polynomial time algorithm", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": " polynomial time algorithm", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "lynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be a polynomial time algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": " manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": " manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": " manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": " manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": " random bits. The ability to make probabilistic decisions often helps algorithms solve problems more efficiently. Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": " random bits. The ability to make probabilistic decisions often helps algorithms solve problems more efficiently. Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": " A non-deterministic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": " random bits. The ability to make probabilistic decisions often helps algorithms solve problems more efficiently. Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": " A non-deterministic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": " deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": " deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": " deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "tape Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "Many machine models different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": " machine models different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": " machine models different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": " check many different possibilities at once. The non-deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": " deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": " deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": " DTIME", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": " deterministic Turing machine", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": " Blum complexity axioms. Other complexity measures used in complexity theory include communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": " Blum complexity axioms. Other complexity measures used in complexity theory include communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": " Blum complexity axioms. Other complexity measures used in complexity theory include communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": " Blum complexity axioms. Other complexity measures used in complexity theory include communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": " Blum complexity axioms. Other complexity measures used in complexity theory include communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": " three different ways of measuring the time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs of the same size", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": " deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": " deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": " deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": " algorithm solving a given problem", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": " upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": " upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": " upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": " upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": " O notation, which hides constant factors", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "pper and lower bounds", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "pper and lower bounds", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": " factors", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": " classes have complicated definitions", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": " complicated definitions", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": " some complexity classes have complicated definitions", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "tape Turing machine", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": " bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f(n)", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "ape Turing machine", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "tape Turing machine", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": " deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time. The corresponding set of function problems is FP", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": " bounding the time or space used by the algorithm", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": " AC and NC, which are defined using Boolean circuits; and BQP and QMA, which are defined using quantum Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": " BPP, ZPP and RP, which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": " DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2), it would be interesting to know if the inclusion is strict", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": " DTIME(n2), it would be interesting to know if the inclusion is strict", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": " DT", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": " a proper hierarchy on the classes defined by constraining the respective resources", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": " DT", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": " EXPTIME", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": " EXPTIME", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": " EXPTIME", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": " Cook reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": " Cook reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": " Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": " Cook reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": " Cook reductions", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": " polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": " polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": " polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": " polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": " multiplication", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": " no problem in C is harder than X", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": " no problem in C is harder than X", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": " no problem in C is harder than X", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": " no problem in C is harder than X", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": " a known NP-complete problem, \u03a02", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": " \u03a01 would yield a polynomial-time solution to \u03a0", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": " no known polynomial-time solution for \u03a01", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": " polynomial-time solution to \u03a01 would yield a polynomial-time solution to \u03a02", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": " P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm. This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": " no efficient algorithm is known", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": " P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm. This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": " P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm. This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": " P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm. This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": " a US$", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": " a US$", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": " a US$", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "intermediate problems. The graph isomorphism problem", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": " NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems. The graph isomorphism", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": " NP-intermediate problems", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "The graph isomorphism", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": " n vertices", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": " 2O(\u221a(n log(n))) for graphs with n vertices", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": " 2O(\u221a(n log(n))) for graphs with n vertices", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": " Eugene Luks has run time 2O(\u221a(n log(n))) for graphs with n vertices", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": " No efficient integer factorization algorithm is known", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": " No efficient integer factorization algorithm is known", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": " No efficient integer factorization algorithm is known", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": " No efficient integer factorization algorithm is known", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": " a major breakthrough in complexity theory", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": " co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": " complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed) of NP problems", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed) of NP problems. It is believed that NP is not equal to co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed) of NP problems. It is believed that NP is not equal to co-NP", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": " NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": " complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": " logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": " NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": " logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": " large but finite time), but which in practice take too long for their solutions to be useful, are known as intractable problems", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": " intractable for more than the smallest inputs", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "Problems that can be solved in theory", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": " Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P, yet algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases.", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": " open to debate", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": " Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": " times in most cases. Similarly, algorithms can solve the NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": " Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": " Turing machines by Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": " Turing machines by Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": " 1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": " 1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": " Alan Turing", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": " Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": " Juris Hartman", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": " Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": " Juris Hartman", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": " Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": " Turing machines", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": " Turing machines", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": " Turing machines", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": " the choice of encoding", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": " concrete choice of input encoding", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": " Manuel Blum developed an axiomatic complexity theory", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": " Blum developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": " axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": " axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": " school or other place of formal education", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": " Teachers", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": "The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": " a lesson plan to facilitate student learning", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": " school or other place of formal education", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": " cultures", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": " home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": " home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": " schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": " home schooling", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": " home schooling", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "Religious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "Religious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": " gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "igious and spiritual teachers, such as gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": " school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities. In some education systems, teachers may have responsibility for student discipline.", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": " school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities. In some education systems, teachers may have responsibility for student discipline.", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": " school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities. In some education systems, teachers may have responsibility for student discipline.", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "A teacher", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": " a variety of bodies designed to instill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of teachers", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": " public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": " college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": " college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": " college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": " college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": " college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": " school or academy", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": " school or academy", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": " school or academy", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": " school or academy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": " Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": " Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": " Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": " Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": " Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": " teacher may interact with students of different ages, from infants to adults, students with different abilities and students with learning disabilities", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": "Teaching using pedagogy", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": "Teaching using pedagogy", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "Teaching using pedagogy", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": " a teacher assesses the pedagogic diversity of his/her students", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": "Teaching using pedagogy", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": " ten or more different teachers. The relationship between children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": " ten or more different teachers. The relationship between children and their teachers", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": " ten or more different teachers. The relationship between children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": " ten or more different teachers. The relationship between children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": " ten or more different teachers. The relationship between children and their teachers", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": " a strong sense of security by staying with the same group of peers for all classes.", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": " a strong sense of security by staying with the same group of peers for all classes.", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": " a strong sense of security by staying with the same group of peers", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": " a strong sense of security by staying with the same group of peers", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": " a strong sense of security by staying with the same group of peers for all classes.", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "Co-teaching", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": " every student in the classroom", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": " two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": "Co-teaching", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": " two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": " corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": " school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": " school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": " school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": " school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": " school discipline", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": " school discipline throughout much of the world", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": " school discipline throughout much of the world", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": " school discipline throughout much of the world", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": " school discipline throughout much of the world", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "30", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": "30", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": " schools", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": " schools", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": "30", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": " School corporal punishment", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": " School corporal punishment", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": " School corporal punishment", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": " schools in the United States", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": " schools in the United States, the UK, Ireland", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": " schools in the United States, the UK, Ireland", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": " schools in the United States, the UK, Ireland", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": " schools in the United States, the UK, Ireland", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": " school discipline in North America", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": " school discipline in North America", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": " school discipline", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": " school discipline in North America", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": " school discipline in North America", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": " confrontational style of discipline.[", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": " school discipline and if teachers exercised firm control over the classroom they would be able to teach more efficiently.", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": " strict discipline with high standards of education.[citation needed]", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": " school discipline and if teachers exercised firm control over the classroom they would be able to teach more efficiently.", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": " East Asian classrooms", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": " East Asian classrooms", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": " East Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": " East Asian classrooms", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": " 40 to 50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": " 40 to 50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": " 40 to 50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": " school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": " 40 to 50 students", "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": " clear laws, fairly and democratically passed by the entire school community", "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": "Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": "Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": "Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": "Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": " Students who had enthusiastic teachers tend to rate them higher than teachers who didn't show much enthusiasm for the course materials.", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": " a positive disposition towards the course content tend to transfer their passion to receptive students", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": " a positive disposition towards the course content tend to transfer their passion to receptive students. These teachers do not teach by rote", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": " Students who had enthusiastic teachers tend to rate them higher than teachers who didn't show much enthusiasm", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "Teachers", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": " lecture material outside of the classroom", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": "Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "Teachers", "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": " The concept of mere exposure", "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": " Enthusiastic teachers may also lead to students becoming more self-determined in their own learning process. The concept of mere exposure", "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": " Enthusiastic teachers may also lead to students becoming more self-determined in their own learning process. The concept of mere exposure", "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": " Enthusiastic teachers may also lead to students becoming more self-determined in their own learning process. The concept of mere exposure", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": "Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": "Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": " A teacher", "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": "Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": "Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": " Effective teachers have been shown to invite student participation", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": " Effective teachers have been shown to invite student participation", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive and will show more interest in courses taught by these teachers. Teachers", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": " three most important aspects of teacher enthusiasm", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": " three most important aspects of teacher enthusiasm", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": " student", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": " three most important aspects of teacher enthusiasm are enthusiasm about teaching, enthusiasm about the students, and enthusiasm about the subject matter. A teacher", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": " three most important aspects of teacher enthusiasm", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "Misconduct by teachers", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "Misconduct by teachers", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "Misconduct by teachers", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "Misconduct by teachers", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": " the media and the courts", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": " AAUW", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": " AAUW", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": " AAUW", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": " AAUW", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": " Letourneau have caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": " Letourneau have caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": " National Association of Schoolmasters", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": " National Association of Schoolmasters", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": " National Association of Schoolmasters", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": " National Association of Schoolmasters", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "Teachers face several occupational hazards in their line of work, including occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "Teachers", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "Teachers", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": "Teachers", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": "Teachers face several occupational hazards", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": " 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": " 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "A 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": " A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": " A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": " Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": " university or college. Governments may require certification by a recognized body before they can teach in a school", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": " university or college. Governments may require certification by a recognized body before they can teach in a school", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": " university or college. Governments may require certification by a recognized body before they can teach in a school. In many countries, elementary school education certificate", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": " university or college. Governments may require certification by a recognized body before they can teach in a school. In many countries, elementary school education", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": " university or college. Governments may require certification by a recognized body before they can teach in a school", "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": " three-tier model which includes primary education", "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": "Education", "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "Education", "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": " three-tier model which includes primary education", "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": " three-tier model which includes primary education", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": " school which is funded by the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": " school which is funded by the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": " school which is funded by the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": " Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": " Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": " Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": " Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools", "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": " Lehramtstudien", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": " \u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423 for a teacher with 25 years service", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": " \u20ac27,814", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": " \u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423 for a teacher with 25 years service", "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": " \u20ac27,814 p.a., rising incrementally to \u20ac53,423 for a teacher with 25 years service", "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council", "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council; under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council; under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession. These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession. These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession. These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": " Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession. These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": " \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004 in September 2007", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": " September 2007", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": " September 2007", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": "Salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers ranged from \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004 in September 2007", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": " \u00a320,133 to \u00a341,004", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": " school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": " school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": " school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": " school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": " school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": " Scotland", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": " Scotland", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": " Scotland", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": " Scotland", "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": " Scotland", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": " April 2008, unpromoted teachers in Scotland earned from \u00a320,427", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": " April 2008, unpromoted teachers in Scotland earned from \u00a320,427", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": " April 2008, unpromoted teachers in Scotland earned from \u00a320,427", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": " April 2008, unpromoted teachers in Scotland earned from \u00a320,427", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": " unions", "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "Education in Wales", "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "Education in Wales differs in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom", "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "Education in Wales differs in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom", "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "Education in Wales differs in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom", "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "Education in Wales differs in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom", "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": "Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": " unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT", "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": " unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": " school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": " school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree", "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": " school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree", "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": " school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree", "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": " school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": " $46,000", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": " improved rapidly in recent years", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": " $46,000", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": " $46,000", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": " $46,000 in 2004", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": " (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": " (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": " (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": " (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": " Patriarch, which is supposed by Latter-day Saints to grant certain gifts of the Spirit", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": " Patriarch, which is supposed by Latter-day Saints to grant certain gifts of the Spirit", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": " Patriarch, which is supposed by Latter-day Saints to grant certain gifts of the Spirit", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": " Patriarch, which is supposed by Latter-day Saints to grant certain gifts of the Spirit", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": " Patriarch, which is supposed by Latter-day Saints to grant certain gifts of the Spirit", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": " a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": " a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": " a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": " a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": " Lama", "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": " Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama. A Lama", "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": " Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama. A Lama", "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": " Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama. A Lama", "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": " Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama. A Lama", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": " Four Schools of Jurisprudence", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": " Four Schools of Jurisprudence", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": " Four Schools of Jurisprudence", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": " Four Schools of Jurisprudence", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": " Four Schools of Jurisprudence", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": " 10 November 1483", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": " 10 November 1483", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": "Martin Luther", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": "Martin Luther", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": "Martin Luther", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": " sin", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": " free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": " sacerdotalism", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": " free gift of God", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": " sin", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": " 10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": " 10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "Martin Luther", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": " 10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": " 1483", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": " 1505", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": " 1505", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": " 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": " 1505", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": " 1505", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": " Human beings could learn about God only through divine revelation", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": " Human beings could learn about God only through divine revelation", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": " Human beings could learn about God only through divine revelation", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": " Human beings could learn about God only through divine revelation", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": " Human beings could learn about God only through divine revelation", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": " university on horseback after a trip home. During a thunderstorm, a lightning bolt struck near him. Later telling his father he was terrified of death", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": " university on horseback after a trip home. During a thunderstorm, a lightning bolt struck near him. Later telling his father he was terrified of death", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": " university on horseback after a trip home. During a thunderstorm, a lightning bolt struck near him. Later telling his father he was terrified of death", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": " university on horseback after a trip home. During a thunderstorm, a lightning bolt struck near him. Later telling his father he was terrified of death", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": " university on horseback after a trip home. During a thunderstorm, a lightning bolt struck near him. Later telling his father he was terrified of death", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": " Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": " Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\" Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": " Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\" Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": " Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\" Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": " Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\" Johann von Staupitz", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": " 9 March 1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": " 9 March 1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": " 9 March 1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": " 9 March 1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": " 9 March 1508", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": " 19 October 1512, he was awarded his Doctor of Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": " 19 October 1512, he was awarded his Doctor of Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": " Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": " Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": " Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": " Rome", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": " Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": " 1516, Johann Tetzel", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": " 1516, Johann Tetzel", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": " 15", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": " 31 October 1517, Luther wrote to his bishop, Albert of Mainz", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": " 31 October 1517, Luther wrote to his bishop, Albert of Mainz, protesting the sale of indulgences", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": " Ninety-Five Theses. Hans Hiller", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": " 31 October 1517, Luther wrote to his bishop, Albert of Mainz, protesting the sale of indulgences", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": " Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences\", which came to be known as The Ninety-Five Theses", "56f80143aef2371900625d68": " Johann Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d69": "uther", "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": "Luther", "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "Luther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": " Christians", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": " Christians", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": " in error", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": " Christians", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": " Christians, he said, must not slacken in following Christ", "56f8046faef2371900625d71": " Tetzel was by no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d72": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d73": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d74": " no means representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": " The story is based on comments made by Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": " Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": " Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": " G\u00f6tz Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": " Philipp Melanchthon", "56f8074faef2371900625d79": " Theses from Latin into German", "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": " Theses from Latin into German", "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": " Theses from Latin into German", "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": " January 1518 that friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German", "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": " 95 Theses from Latin into German", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": " 1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": " 1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": " Three of his best-known works were published in 1520", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": " 1519", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": " 1519", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": " 1510 to 1520, Luther lectured on the Psalms, the books of Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": " 1525 publication On the Bondage of the Will", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": " Desiderius Erasmus", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": " 1525 publication On the Bondage of the Will", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": " God. This teaching by Luther was clearly expressed in his 1525 publication On the Bondage of the Will", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": " 1525 publication On the Bondage of the Will", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": " Reformation. His railing against the sale of indulgences", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "formation. His railing against the sale of indulgences", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": " Reformation", "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "Luther's rediscovery of \"Christ and His salvation\"", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": " Magdeburg did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": " Magdeburg did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": " Magdeburg did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": " Magdeburg", "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "Pope Leo X", "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": " a shouting match. More than his writing the 95 Theses, Luther's confrontation with the church cast him as an enemy of the pope", "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "Pope Leo X", "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "Pope Leo X", "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "Pope Leo X", "56f81393aef2371900625da9": " 1415", "56f81393aef2371900625daa": "uncio Karl von Miltitz", "56f81393aef2371900625dab": "iltitz", "56f81393aef2371900625dac": " 1519, at Altenburg in Saxony, the papal nuncio Karl von Miltitz", "56f81393aef2371900625dad": "uncio Karl von Miltitz", "56f81537aef2371900625db3": " Pope Leo X on 3 January 1521", "56f81537aef2371900625db4": " Pope Leo X on 3 January 1521", "56f81537aef2371900625db5": " 15", "56f81537aef2371900625db6": " Pope Leo X on 3 January 1521", "56f81537aef2371900625db7": " Pope Leo X on 3 January 1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": " 18 April 1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms. This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": " 18 April 1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms. This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": " 18 April 1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms. This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": " Worms. This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": " secular authorities. On 18 April 1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Johann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": " Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": " Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": " Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": " Archbishop of Trier", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": " Michael Mullett", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": " Michael Mullett", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": " Michael Mullett", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": " arm \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullett", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": " witness accounts of the proceedings. However, Mullett", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": " witness accounts of the proceedings. However, Mullett", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": " witness accounts of the proceedings. However, Mullett", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": " witness accounts", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": " 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": " 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": " 25 May 1521, declaring Luther an outlaw", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": " 25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": " 25 May 1521", "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "berg", "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": " Frederick III", "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": " Frederick III", "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": " Frederick III", "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": " Frederick III", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": " sinners", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": " sinners", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": " sinners", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": " sinners", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": " sinners", "56f84485aef2371900625f71": " 1521, Luther widened his target from individual pieties", "56f84485aef2371900625f72": " 1521, Luther widened his target from individual pieties", "56f84485aef2371900625f73": " 1521, Luther widened his target from individual pieties", "56f84485aef2371900625f74": " 1521, Luther widened his target from individual pieties", "56f84485aef2371900625f75": " 1521, Luther widened his target from individual pieties", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": " 1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": " 1521 Luther dealt largely with prophecy", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": " Thessalonians 2 was identified as the power of the Papacy. So too was the Little Horn of Daniel 7", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": " 8", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": " Thessalonians 2 was identified as the power of the Papacy. So too was the Little Horn of Daniel 7", "56f84760aef2371900625f81": " A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther", "56f84760aef2371900625f82": " Martin Luther", "56f84760aef2371900625f83": " Martin Luther", "56f84760aef2371900625f84": " Martin Luther", "56f84760aef2371900625f85": " Martin Luther", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": " 6 March 1522", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": " core Christian values such as love, patience, charity, and freedom, and reminded the citizens to trust God's word rather than violence", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": "berg", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": " core Christian values such as love, patience, charity, and freedom, and reminded the citizens to trust God's word rather than violence", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": " 6 March 15", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "The effect of Luther's intervention", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "The effect of Luther's intervention was immediate. After the sixth sermon, the Wittenberg jurist Jerome Schurf", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "The effect of Luther's intervention", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "The effect of Luther's intervention", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "The effect of Luther", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": " Reformation", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": " Reformation", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": " Reformation", "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": " church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order, he signalled his reinvention as a conservative force within the Reformation", "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": " Reformation", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": " 1524", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": " 1524", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": " 1524", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": " 1524", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": " the upper classes", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": " Twelve Articles", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": " Twelve Articles in May 1525, but he reminded the aggrieved to obey the temporal authorities. During a tour of Thuringia", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": " Twelve Articles", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": " Twelve Articles in May 1525", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": " Twelve Articles", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": " the foundation for the doctrine known as the Divine Right of Kings", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": " blasphemy for calling themselves \"Christian brethren\"", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": " God and therefore should not be resisted. This reference from the Bible forms the foundation for the doctrine known as the Divine Right of Kings", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": " God and therefore should not be resisted. This reference from the Bible forms the foundation for the doctrine known as the Divine Right of Kings", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": " violent actions of rebelling, robbing, and plundering placed the peasants \"outside the law of God and Empire", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": " Reformation", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": " Reformation", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": " Reformation", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": " Reformation", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": " a close", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": " Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "Martin Luther", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": " Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": " 13 June 1525, the couple was engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen", "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": " Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage", "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": " Andreas Karlstadt", "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": " Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage", "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": " Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage", "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": " Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": " June 15", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": " June 15", "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": " June 1526", "56f8575aaef2371900626000": " 10 December 1527, who died within a few months; Magdalene \u2013 1529, who died in Luther's arms in 1542", "56f8575aaef2371900626001": " 10 December 1527, who died within a few months; Magdalene \u2013 1529, who died in Luther's arms in 1542", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": " 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": " 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": " 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": " 1526, Luther found himself increasingly occupied in organising a new church. His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": " a theology of the cross", "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": " Saxony", "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": " Saxony", "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": " Saxony, acting only as an adviser to churches in new territories", "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": " extreme change", "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": " Saxony", "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": " 1526", "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": " liturgy, including Luther's unison setting of the Creed. To reach the simple people and the young, Luther incorporated religious instruction into the weekday services", "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": " liturgy, including Luther's unison setting of the Creed. To reach the simple people", "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": " liturgy, including Luther's unison setting of the Creed. To reach the simple people and the young, Luther incorporated religious instruction into the weekday services", "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": " liturgy, including Luther's unison setting of the Creed. To reach the simple people and the young, Luther incorporated religious instruction into the weekday services", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": " Saxony, which began in 1527", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": " Electorate", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": " Saxony, which began in 1527", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": " Saxony, which began in 1527", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": " Saxony, which began in 1527", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": " Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, baptism, and the Lord's Supper. Luther incorporated questions and answers", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": " Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, baptism, and the Lord's Supper. Luther incorporated questions and answers", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": " Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, baptism, and the Lord's Supper. Luther incorporated questions and answers", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": " Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, baptism, and the Lord's Supper. Luther incorporated questions and answers", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": " Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, baptism, and the Lord's Supper. Luther incorporated questions and answers", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": " Bondage of the Will and the Catechism.\" The Small Catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "The catechism is one of Luther", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": " Small Catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": " Bondage of the Will and the Catechism.\" The Small Catechism has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "The catechism is one of Luther", "56f86966aef2371900626053": " Ten Commandments) and the Lord's Prayer", "56f86966aef2371900626054": " Ten Commandments) and the Lord's Prayer", "56f86966aef2371900626055": " Ten Commandments) and the Lord's Prayer", "56f86966aef2371900626056": "vernacular, they expressed the Apostles' Creed in simpler, more personal, Trinitarian language", "56f86966aef2371900626057": " Ten Commandments) and the Lord's Prayer", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": " 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": " 1534", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": " Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": " Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": " Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": " Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans. He intended his vigorous, direct language to make the Bible accessible to everyday Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": " Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", "56f86e91aef2371900626067": "1525 forward), a precursor of the King James Bible", "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "1525 forward), a precursor of the King James Bible", "56f86e91aef2371900626069": "1525 forward), a precursor of the King James Bible", "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "1525 forward), a precursor of the King James Bible", "56f86e91aef237190062606b": "vernacular translations, such as William Tyndale's English Bible (1525 forward), a precursor of the King James Bible", "56f87000aef2371900626071": ":11\u201312. Luther connected high art and folk music", "56f87000aef2371900626072": ":11\u201312. Luther connected high art and folk music", "56f87000aef2371900626073": ":11\u201312. Luther connected high art and folk music", "56f87000aef2371900626074": ":11\u201312. Luther connected high art and folk music", "56f87000aef2371900626075": ":11\u201312. Luther connected high art and folk music", "56f8720eaef237190062608f": " Reformation", "56f8720eaef2371900626090": " hymns were frequently evoked by particular events in his life and the unfolding Reformation", "56f8720eaef2371900626091": " Reformation. This behavior started with his learning of the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes", "56f8720eaef2371900626092": "Luther", "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "A new song we raise\"), which is generally known in English by John C. Messenger", "56f87392aef2371900626099": " Sixteenth-century Lutheran hymnals also included \"Wir glauben all\"", "56f87392aef237190062609a": " Sixteenth-century Lutheran hymnals also included \"Wir glauben all\"", "56f87392aef237190062609b": " Sixteenth-century Lutheran hymnals also included \"Wir glauben all\"", "56f87392aef237190062609c": " Sixteenth-century Lutheran hymnals also included \"Wir glauben all\"", "56f87392aef237190062609d": " Sixteenth-century Lutheran hymnals also included \"Wir glauben all\"", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": " multiple revisions", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": " multiple revisions", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": " multiple revisions", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": " multiple revisions", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": " multiple revisions", "56f87760aef23719006260cc": " Reformation doctrine, this expanded version of \"Aus tiefer Not\" was designated as a regular component of several regional Lutheran liturgies", "56f87760aef23719006260cd": " evangelical colleagues to write psalm-hymns", "56f87760aef23719006260ce": " evangelical colleagues to write psalm-hymns", "56f87760aef23719006260cf": " Psalm 130 and sent it as a sample to encourage evangelical colleagues to write psalm-hymns", "56f87760aef23719006260d0": " Psalm 130 and sent it as a sample to encourage evangelical colleagues to write psalm-hymns", "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", "56f879bdaef23719006260df": " Ten Commandments", "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "Luther", "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein\"", "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "uther", "56f87e95aef237190062610a": " Preachers and composers of the 18th century, including J. S. Bach", "56f87e95aef237190062610b": " Preachers and composers of the 18th century, including J. S. Bach", "56f87e95aef237190062610c": "ser Herr zum Jordan kam\" (\"To Jordan came the Christ our Lord\") reflects the structure and substance of his questions and answers concerning baptism", "56f87e95aef237190062610d": " Preachers and composers of the 18th century, including J. S. Bach", "56f87e95aef237190062610e": " Preachers and composers of the 18th century, including J. S. Bach", "56f88025aef237190062611e": " Reformation. He supplied four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtlied", "56f88025aef237190062611f": " Johann Walter, Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn, all published in 1524", "56f88025aef2371900626120": " Reformation. He supplied four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtlied", "56f88025aef2371900626121": " Reformation. He supplied four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtlied", "56f88025aef2371900626122": " four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtlied", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": " Johann Sebastian Bach", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": " hymns inspired composers to write music. Johann Sebastian Bach", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": " 1707", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": " cantatas and based chorale cantatas entirely on them, namely Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": " hymns inspired composers to write music. Johann Sebastian Bach", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": " death", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": " death", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": " death", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": " death", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": " death", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": " Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": " Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": " Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": " Franz Pieper", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": " Francis Blackburn", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": " Francis Blackburn", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": " Genesis", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": " Francis Blackburn", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": " Francis Blackburn", "56f88c37aef2371900626176": " fifteen", "56f88c37aef2371900626177": " fifteen", "56f88c37aef2371900626178": " fifteen", "56f88c37aef2371900626179": " fifteen", "56f88c37aef237190062617a": " fifteen", "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "The theologians, including Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius", "56f8907faef23719006261b2": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession", "56f8907faef23719006261b3": " Eucharist, the Marburg Colloquy paved the way for the signing in 1530 of the Augsburg Confession", "56f8907faef23719006261b4": " Eucharist, the Marburg Colloquy paved the way for the signing in 1530 of the Augsburg Confession", "56f8907faef23719006261b5": " 1530 of the Augsburg Confession", "56f8907faef23719006261b6": " Hesse, and George, Margrave of Brandenburg", "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": " a different picture is presented of a Luther who deeply valued both faith and reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": " a different picture is presented of a Luther who deeply valued both faith and reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": " a different picture is presented of a Luther who deeply valued both faith and reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": " a different picture is presented of a Luther who deeply valued both faith and reason", "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": " a different picture is presented of a Luther who deeply valued both faith and reason", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": " 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": " a Holy War", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": " a Holy War", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": " a Holy War", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": "At the time of the Marburg Colloquy, Suleiman the Magnificent was besieging Vienna", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": " a Holy War", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": " Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": " 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "1494\u20131566) \u2013 serving at the time as pastor in Luther's birthplace, Eisle", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": "ittenberg", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": " Johannes Agricola (1494\u20131566) \u2013 serving at the time as pastor in Luther's birthplace, Eisle", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": " 1537, Johannes Agricola (1494\u20131566) \u2013 serving at the time as pastor in Luther's birthplace, Eisle", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": " 1538 and 1540", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": " Ten Commandments among Christians", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": " Ten Commandments among Christians", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": " Ten Commandments among Christians", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": " Christians", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": " Ten Commandments among Christians", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": " a Christian should follow in his or her vocations on a daily basis", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": " Ten Commandments \u2013 when considered not as God's condemning judgment", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": " Ten Commandments \u2013 when considered not as God's condemning judgment", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": " Ten Commandments \u2013 when considered not as God's condemning judgment", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": " Ten Commandments \u2013 when considered not as God's condemning judgment", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": " Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": " Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": " Ten Commandments, and the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded to them by the sacrament of baptism", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": " Philip I", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": " December 1539, Luther became implicated in the bigamy of Philip I", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": " Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": " Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": " 1523, Luther advised kindness toward the Jews in That Jesus Christ was Born a Jew and also aimed to convert them to Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": " Christianity", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": " 1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": " 1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": " 1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": " 1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": " 1543", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": " Brandenburg, and Silesia", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": " Brandenburg, and Silesia", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": " Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": "uther spoke out against the Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": "Luther spoke out against the Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": " the 1930s and 1940s provided an \"ideal underpinning\" for the Nazis' attacks on Jews. Reinhold Lewin", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": " Der St\u00fcrmer, on his birthday in 1937", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": " 17", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": " 17", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": " 17", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": " 17", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": " 17", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": " no continuity between Luther's thought and Nazi ideology. Uwe Siemon", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": " no continuity between Luther's thought and Nazi ideology. Uwe Siemon", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": " no continuity between Luther's thought and Nazi ideology. Uwe Siemon", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": " no continuity between Luther's thought and Nazi ideology. Uwe Siemon", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": " no continuity between Luther's thought and Nazi ideology. Uwe Siemon", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": " the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": " Ronald Berger", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": " National Socialists", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": " Ronald Berger", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": " the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism. Ronald Berger", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": " antisemitic views developed during the years his health deteriorated, it is possible they were at least partly the product of a declining state of mind", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": " antisemitic views developed during the years his health deteriorated, it is possible they were at least partly the product of a declining state of mind", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": " 1531\u201346", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "Some scholars, such as Mark U. Edwards", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": " 1531\u201346", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": " Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans. Strommen", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": " Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans. Strommen", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": " Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans. Strommen", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": " Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans. Strommen", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": " 1531 to 1546, his health deteriorated further. The years of struggle with Rome", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": " 1531 to 1546, his health deteriorated further. The years of struggle with Rome", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": " 1531 to 1546, his health deteriorated further. The years of struggle with Rome", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": " 1531 to 1546, his health deteriorated further. The years of struggle with Rome", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": " 1531 to 1546, his health deteriorated further. The years of struggle with Rome", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": " 1545 and 15", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": " 1545 and 15", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": " 1545 and 15", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": " 1545 and 15", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": " 1545 and 1546 Luther preached three times in the Market Church in Halle", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": " 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": " 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": " 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": " 15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": " 15 February 1546", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": " Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": " copper mining trade. Their livelihood was threatened by Count Albrecht of Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": " 1545", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "Luther's final journey, to Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": " copper mining trade. Their livelihood was threatened by Count Albrecht of Mansfeld", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": " 17 February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": " 17 February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": " 17 February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": " 17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": " 17 February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": " 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": " 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": " 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": " 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": " 18 February 1546", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "A piece of paper", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": " beggars", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "A piece of paper", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": " 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size were crucial to the spread of Protestantism", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": " 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size were crucial to the spread of Protestantism", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": " 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size were crucial to the spread of Protestantism", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": " 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size were crucial to the spread of Protestantism", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": " 1530s and 1540s, printed images of Luther that emphasized his monumental size were crucial to the spread of Protestantism", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": " 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": " 18", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": " 18 February", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": " 18", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": " 18 February with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal (United States) Calendar of Saints", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": " SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": " SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": " SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": " SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": " SoCal", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": " 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": " 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": " 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": " 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": " 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": " Los Angeles metropolitan area, consisting of Los Angeles and Orange counties; the Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": " Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": " Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "Southern California", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": " Inland Empire, and down to Greater San Diego. Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas, or MSAs", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": " Mojave Desert at the border with the state of Nevada", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": " Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": " Los Angeles and San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": " Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": " Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": " Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792", "5705e99452bb891400689688": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705e99452bb891400689689": " Los Angeles", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": " 15 most populous counties in the United States", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": " Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": " Los Angeles in southern California", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "The motion picture, television, and music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California. Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": " Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": " Los Angeles in southern California", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "boarder Tony Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": " Tony Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": " Professional skateboarder Tony Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": " No Fear, RVCA, and Body Glove are all headquartered here. Professional skateboarder Tony Hawk", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "boarder Tony Hawk", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": " Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": " Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": " open spaces", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": " open spaces", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": " 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": " 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": " Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": " Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": " Tehachapi Mountains", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": " Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": " Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": " Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": " Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": " Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": " 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": " Colorado", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": " lightly populated \"Cow Counties\" of southern California attempted three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": " Colorado", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": " 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature and signed by the State governor John B. Weller", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Imperial\u2014to that list", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": " Los Angeles Times defined southern California", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "Imperial\u2014to that list", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "perial\u2014to that list", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "Imperial\u2014to that list", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California", "5705f36452bb891400689719": " Tehachapis, which would split the southern region off at the crest of that transverse range", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": " Tehachapis, which would split the southern region off at the crest of that transverse range", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": " Tehachapis, which would split the southern region off at the crest", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": " Tehachapis, which would split the southern region off at the crest", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": " megalopolis in the United States", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": " megalopolis in the United States", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": " megalopolis in the United States", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": " megalopolis in the United States", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": " megalopolis in the United States", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": " Camp Pendleton", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": " Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": " Inland Empire", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": " Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": " Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": " Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": " Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": " Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": " Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": " Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": " Peninsular Ranges", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": " Peninsular Ranges", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": " Peninsular Ranges", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": " Peninsular Ranges", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": " Peninsular Ranges", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": " 10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt. Only several hundred are greater than magnitude 3.", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": " 10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt. Only several hundred are greater than magnitude 3.", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": " hundred are greater than magnitude 3.0", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": " hundred are greater than magnitude 3.", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": " 10,000 earthquakes. Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt. Only several hundred are greater than magnitude 3.", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": " 6.7+", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": " 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "sinore Fault Zone", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": " Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone. The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": " faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": " tourist destinations. Each region is further divided into many culturally distinct areas", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "Southern California", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "Southern California", "570603c475f01819005e7882": " 10.", "570603c475f01819005e7883": " 10.", "570603c475f01819005e7884": " 10.", "570603c475f01819005e7885": " 10.0% in the 2000s", "570603c475f01819005e7886": " 10.0% in the 2000s", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": " five million in population", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": " five million in population", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": " five million in population", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": " five million in population", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": " five million in population", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": " 3.7 million people", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": " 3.7 million people", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": " 3.7 million people", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": " 3.7 million people", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": " 3.7 million people) and San Diego", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": " petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": " petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": " petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": " petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": " petroleum", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": " U.S., cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": " petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": " petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": " petroleum and aircraft manufacturing", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": " the 1920s, motion pictures, petroleum", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "CBD)", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": " Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside.", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": " Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": " Glendale and Downtown Long Beach", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": " Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach", "57060cc352bb891400689810": " Wilshire Boulevard Miracle Mile including Century City, Westwood and Warner Center in the San Fernando Valley.", "57060cc352bb891400689811": " Burbank", "57060df252bb891400689820": "iverside area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside", "57060df252bb891400689821": "iverside area", "57060df252bb891400689822": "iverside area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "Orange County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Orange County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": " rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": " rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Downtown San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "Downtown San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Downtown San Diego", "570610b275f01819005e792a": " Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792b": " Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792c": " San Diego International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792d": " Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792e": " Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": " Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink", "570611c475f01819005e793c": " Los Angeles", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Southern California is also home to the Port of Los Angeles", "570611c475f01819005e793e": " Los Angeles", "5706139252bb891400689864": " Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689865": " Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689866": " Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689867": " Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689868": " Tech Coast", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "Professional sports teams in Southern California", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "Professional sports teams in Southern California", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Professional sports teams in Southern California", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "Professional sports teams in Southern California", "5706149552bb891400689880": " Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689881": " Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689882": " Los Angeles \u2014 the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689883": " Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689884": " 2018", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "College sports are also popular in southern California", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "College sports are also popular in southern California", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "College sports", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "College sports are also popular in southern California", "5706155352bb891400689894": " school sport", "5706155352bb891400689895": " school sport", "5706155352bb891400689896": " school sport", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": " November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": " Sky plc", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": " November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": " Sky plc", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": " November 1990", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": " \u00a31.3", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": " \u00a31.3", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": " \u00a31.3bn", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": " \u00a31.3", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": " ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview, in which it holds an equal stake with the BBC", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": " ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview, in which it holds an equal stake with the BBC", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": " ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview, in which it holds an equal stake with the BBC", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": " ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview, in which it holds an equal stake with the BBC", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": " ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": " BSkyB's channels can still pay a monthly fee to enable Sky+ functions. In January 2010 BSkyB discontinued the Sky+ Box", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": " Sky+ at women. As of 31 March 2008, Sky had 3,393,000 Sky+ users", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "+ at women. As of 31 March 2008, Sky had 3,393,000 Sky+ users", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": " Box", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": " Sky launched a new TV advertising campaign targeting Sky+ at women. As of 31 March 2008, Sky had 3,393,000 Sky+ users", "57094d489928a8140047150a": "Guard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", "57094d489928a8140047150b": " Personal video recorder", "57094d489928a8140047150c": " Personal video recorder", "57094d489928a8140047150d": " Personal video recorder", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Guard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": " 1 March 2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": " 1 March 2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": " 1 March 2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": " 1 March 2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": " 1 March 2007", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": " infringed on Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": " July", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": " \"Sky\" trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": " \"Sky\" trademark", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": " \"Sky\" trademark", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": " September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": " Astra's satellites, as well as introducing new channels. The service continued until the closure of BSkyB's analogue service on 27 September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": " September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": " 11 million customers as of 2015", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": " 11 million customers as of 2015", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": " 11 million customers as of 2015", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": " overtaken by Freeview in April 2007", "57096505ed30961900e84082": " 18", "57096505ed30961900e84083": " 18", "57096505ed30961900e84084": " 18", "57096505ed30961900e84085": " 18", "57096505ed30961900e84086": " 18 November 2015, Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": " Interactive services and 7-day EPG use the proprietary OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems for a return path. Sky News", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": " Interactive services and 7-day EPG use the proprietary OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems for a return path. Sky News", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": " Interactive services and 7-day EPG use the proprietary OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems for a return path. Sky News", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": " HD", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": " Interactive services and 7-day EPG use the proprietary OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems for a return path. Sky News", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": " Astra 2A satellite", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": " Astra 2A satellite", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": " Astra 2A satellite", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": " Astra 2A satellite", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": " Astra 2A satellite", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": " 22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": " 22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": " 22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": " 22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": " 4,222", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": " 8", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": " 8 February 2007, BSkyB", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": " 8 February 2007, BSkyB", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": " Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": " 8", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": " Ku band LNB", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": " Ku band LNB", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": " Ku band LNB", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": " Ku band LNB", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": " CAMs", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year to keep control of the rights. BSkyB", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year to keep control of the rights. BSkyB", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": " BSkyB joined forces with the BBC to make a counter bid. The BBC was given the highlights of most of the matches", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": " Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": " Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": " Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": " Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": " Ofcom", "57097051ed30961900e84132": " 1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": " 1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84134": " 1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84135": " 1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84136": " 1 October 1998", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": " 30 November 2006 until 30 July 2009 it only carried one linear HD channel", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media (re-branded in 2007 from NTL:Telewest", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Telewest", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "Telewest", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": " in 2007 from NTL:Telewest", "57097b50200fba140036804d": " 10 million homes in 2010, Europe", "57097b50200fba140036804e": " 10 million homes in 2010", "57097b50200fba140036804f": " 10 million homes in 2010", "57097b50200fba1400368050": " 10 million homes in 2010", "57097b50200fba1400368051": " 10 million homes in 2010", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "The Daily Mail", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": " Daily Mail", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "The Daily Mail newspaper", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "The Daily Mail", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "The Daily Mail newspaper", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": " \u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": " \u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": " \u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": " \u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of \u00a330m", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": " service sectors including financial and property services, health, education, wholesale, retail, hospitality and manufacturing", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": " Ireland", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": " gold, especially from Ireland", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": " gold, especially from Ireland", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "Immigrants arrived from all over the world to search for gold, especially from Ireland", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "Immigrants arrived from all over the world to search for gold, especially from Ireland", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": " upper house members was reduced from 44 to 40", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": " five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44 to 40", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": " five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44 to 40", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "four years. Elections for the Victorian Parliament", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": " five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house members was reduced from 44 to 40", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": " Geelong. The Liberals' main support lies in Melbourne's more affluent eastern and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres. The Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": " Geelong. The Liberals' main support lies in Melbourne's more affluent eastern and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres. The Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": " Geelong. The Liberals' main support lies in Melbourne's more affluent eastern and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres. The Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": " Geelong. The Liberals' main support lies in Melbourne's more affluent eastern and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres. The Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": " Geelong. The Liberals' main support lies in Melbourne's more affluent eastern and outer suburbs, and some rural and regional centres. The Nationals", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": " 61.", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": " 61.", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": " 61.", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": " 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": " 61.", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": " Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": " Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": " Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": " Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": " Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia. Victoria is Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": " 135th meridian east in 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": " 135th meridian east in 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": " gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "03", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": " gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": " 26,000 square kilometres (10,000 sq mi) of Victorian farmland", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": " 26", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": " 26", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": " 26", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": " 26", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": " 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": " Hopetoun on 7 February 2009", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": " 32 \u00b0C", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": " February 2009", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": " February 2009", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": " February 2009", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education . Students do not pay tuition fees", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": " fee-paying schools include parish schools run by the Roman Catholic Church", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": " Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": " no longer be a base for the global car industry, with Toyota's statement in February 2014 outlining a closure year of 2017. Holden", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "Historically, Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": " May 2013", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "Historically, Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": " no longer be a base for the global car industry, with Toyota's statement in February 2014 outlining a closure year of 2017. Holden", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": " temperate climate of Gippsland in the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas which rise to almost 2,000 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "986 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "986 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": " temperate climate of Gippsland in the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas which rise to almost 2,000 m (", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": " temperate climate of Gippsland in the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas which rise to almost 2,000 m (", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F) was recorded at Omeo on 13 June 1965", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": " Major operators include: Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": " Major operators include: Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Rail", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "Rail transport in Victoria", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": " Major operators include: Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": " 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": " ten years the population of Victoria increased sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": " ten years the population of Victoria increased sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000. All sorts of gold records", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": " ten years the population of Victoria increased sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": " sevenfold", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": " 20 million ounces", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": " 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": " 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": " 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools, and just over 311,800 in private schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": " 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": " 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "$109 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "$109 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "$109 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "$109 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": " Two tourist railways operate over 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": " Two tourist railways operate over 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": " Two tourist railways operate over 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": " Two tourist railways operate over 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": " Two tourist railways operate over 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": " 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": " 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": " 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": " 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": " Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": " Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": " Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": " Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": " Imperial Parliament granted Victoria responsible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": " public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet consists of representatives elected to either house of parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": " public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": " public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet consists of representatives elected to either house of parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": " public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "The Premier of Victoria is the leader", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": " 17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": " 17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": " 17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": " 17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": " 17% to $8.7 billion", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "Major events also play a big part in tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": " million by 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": " 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": " 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": " 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": " 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": " 1532", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": " 1532", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": " 1532", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": " 1560: a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential House of Guise", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": " 1532", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": " 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin. A two-volume illustrated folio", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": " 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin. A two-volume illustrated folio", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": " 1294, a French version of the Scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest, Guyard de Moulin. A two-volume illustrated folio", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": " 66 \"villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9\"", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "Montpellier", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": " 1671", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": " Cape of Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": " 1671", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": " 1671", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": " 1671", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": " 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": " 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": " 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": " 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": " 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": " Charleston, South Carolina", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": " Charleston, South Carolina", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": " Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": " Charleston, South Carolina", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": " Charleston, South Carolina", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": " William III", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": " Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": " William III", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": " Orange", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": " Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": " Huguenots to be abolished following their defeat. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": ",000 Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots", "57108073b654c5140001f927": " Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f926": " Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f928": " Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f929": " Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f925": " Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes. His successor Louis XIII", "57108198b654c5140001f937": " one million Protestants", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "Approximately one million Protestants", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Approximately one million Protestants", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "Approximately one million Protestants", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "Approximately one million Protestants", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": " 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": " three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "Huguenot", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "Huguenot", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": " three societies or congregations; one in the city of New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": " 75,000", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": ". 2 million at that time. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": ". 2 million at that time. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": " Edict of Nantes, the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": ". 2 million at that time. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": " 1560", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": " Huguon, the gate of King Hugo", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": " Huguon, the gate of King Hugo, was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": " 1560", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": " 1560", "571090abb654c5140001f995": " Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f996": " Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f997": " Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f998": " Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f999": " Turnagain Lane", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": " 1696", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": " Waterford", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": " Waterford", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": " 1696", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "arlington dates back to 1696", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": " France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": " Huguenots from France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": " Huguenots from France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": " By the time of the French and Indian War (the North American front of the Seven Years' War", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": " 1759-60", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": " 1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": " Nantes. The Edict reaffirmed Catholicism as the state religion of France", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": " 1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": " Four thousand emigrated", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": " Four thousand emigrated", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": " Four thousand emigrated to the North American colonies", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": " Catholics", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": " Four thousand emigrated", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": " persecution", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": " Switzerland", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": " Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": " Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": " Switzerland", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": " Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": " French names. Many families, today mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": " Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": " Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": " 1844", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": " 1844", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": " 1844", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": " Huguenots", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": " Mechlin patterns on Lille ground\", is fallacious: what is now known as Mechlin lace did not develop until first half of the eighteenth century", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "five widows", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": " century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": " Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": " Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": " Napoleon in 1806-07", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": " Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": " Friedrichstadt", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": " Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000) fled to surrounding Protestant countries: England", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": " Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": " Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": " Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": " Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": " 1564 a group of Norman Huguenots under the leadership of Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": " States", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": " States", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "-day continental United States", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": " States", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": " U.S., and founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": " Huguenots made two attempts to establish a haven in North America", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": " Huguenots made two attempts to establish a haven in North America", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": " Huguenots made two attempts to establish a haven in North America", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "-day Southeastern U.S., and founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": " Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": " Virginia", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": " Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": " 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": " 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "1568", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "1568", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "1568", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": " Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": " Ireland and elsewhere. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": " 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": " Ireland and elsewhere. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": " Ireland and elsewhere. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": " transubstantiation", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "ot regiments fought for William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "ot regiments fought for William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "ot regiments fought for William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": " linen industry", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": " French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": " Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fcck", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9, along with his sons Daniel and Osias", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": " States", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": " Protestant European nations such as England", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": " Protestant European nations such as England", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": " Protestant European nations such as England", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": " Protestant European nations such as England", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": " Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": " Reformation. He was regarded by the Gallicans and Protestants as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": " Reformation. He was regarded by the Gallicans and Protestants as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": " Reformation. He was regarded by the Gallicans and Protestants as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": " Reformation. He was regarded by the Gallicans and Protestants as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": " Reformation. He was regarded by the Gallicans and Protestants as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "ession", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "ession", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "ession", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": " William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": " William Farel", "57111428b654c5140001faff": " 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": " 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": " 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": " 24 August", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": " killed thousands of Huguenots", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": " Huguenots to convert. At first he sent missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Catholicism", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": " XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": " XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": " XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": " a fund to financially reward converts to Catholicism", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": " Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "avenports Neck", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": " Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": " wooden church", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": " Protestant denominations", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": " Protestant denominations", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": " Protestant denominations", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": " names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": " Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Huguenot descent", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": " Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": " Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": " Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": " patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": " 1550. It is now located at Soho Square. Huguenot refugees", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": " 1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": " 1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": " Tours, France", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": " 1724", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": " 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": " 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": " two new regiments of his army", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": " Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of George William, Duke of Brunswick", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": " 16", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "Steam engines", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": " Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": " steam", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": " solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "Steam engines", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": " 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": " 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": " 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": " 1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": " 1712", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": " Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": " steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": " Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": " Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": " Rankine cycle", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": " Rankine cycle", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": " Rankine cycle", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": " Rankine cycle", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": " Rankine cycle", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": " three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": " triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": " late 19th", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": " three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": " liners", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": " Corliss, and later, poppet valve gears had separate admission and exhaust valves", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": " Corliss, and later, poppet valve gears had separate admission and exhaust valves", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": " Corliss, and later, poppet valve gears had separate admission and exhaust valves", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": " crown of the boiler's firebox", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": " fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": " crown of the boiler's firebox", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": " 10,000 hp had become feasible. The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": " 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": " 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": " 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion. Watt's ten-horsepower engines enabled a wide range of manufacturing machinery", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": " 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion. Watt's ten-horsepower engines enabled a wide range of manufacturing machinery", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": " century AD", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": " steam engine stretches back as far as the first century AD", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": " steam engine stretches back as far as the first century AD", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "The history of the steam engine stretches back as far as the first century AD", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": " 1606 for fifty steam powered inventions, including a water pump for draining inundated mines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": " steam in to successively larger cylinders to accommodate the higher volumes at reduced pressures, giving improved efficiency. These stages were called expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": " steam in to successively larger cylinders to accommodate the higher volumes at reduced pressures, giving improved efficiency. These stages were called expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": " steam in to successively larger cylinders to accommodate the higher volumes at reduced pressures, giving improved efficiency. These stages were called expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": " steam in to successively larger cylinders to accommodate the higher volumes at reduced pressures, giving improved efficiency. These stages were called expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": " steam in to successively larger cylinders to accommodate the higher volumes at reduced pressures, giving improved efficiency. These stages were called expansions", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": " 20th century", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": " 20th century", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": " several hundred horsepower), have fewer moving parts, and provide rotary power directly instead of through a connecting rod system", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": " steam engine design was the use of steam turbines starting in the late part of the 19th", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": " 20th century, where their efficiency, higher speed appropriate to generator service, and smooth rotation were advantages. Today most electric power is provided by steam turbines", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": " geothermal energy, solar energy or waste heat from an internal combustion engine", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": " geothermal energy, solar energy or waste heat from an internal combustion engine", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": " solar energy or waste heat from an internal combustion engine", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": " geothermal energy, solar energy or waste heat from an internal combustion engine", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": " image of indicator diagram", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": " 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": " image of indicator diagram", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": " image of indicator diagram", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": " two-cylinder compounds used in railway work", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": " two-cylinder compounds used in railway work", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": " two-cylinder compounds used in railway work", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": " valves", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": " valves", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": " valves", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": " valves", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": " valves", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": " Quasiturbine", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "iflow engines produce along the cylinder wall gives practical difficulties.[citation needed]. The Quasiturbine", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "iflow engines produce along the cylinder wall gives practical difficulties.[citation needed]. The Quasiturbine", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "An oscillating cylinder", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": " steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": " valves", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": " ships", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": " Rankine cycle", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": " Mercury", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": " mercury vapor turbine. Low boiling hydrocarbons", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": " Rankine cycle", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": " 63%", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": " 63%", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": " 63%", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": " 63%", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": " 63%", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": " steam-powered farm tractors", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": " farm tractors", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": " farm tractors", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": " farm tractors", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": " farm tractors", "571153422419e3140095557d": " Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Trevithick continued his own experiments using a trio of locomotives", "571153422419e3140095557f": "Trevithick", "571153422419e31400955580": "Trevithick", "571153422419e31400955581": " Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "A method to lessen the magnitude of this heating and cooling was invented in 1804 by British engineer Arthur Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": " 1804 by British engineer Arthur Woolf, who patented his Woolf high-pressure compound engine in 1805", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": " 1804 by British engineer Arthur Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": " 1804 by British engineer Arthur Woolf", "571154c72419e31400955587": " 90% of the world's electric production was by use of steam turbines", "571154c72419e31400955588": "The main use for steam turbines", "571154c72419e31400955589": " 90% of the world's electric production was by use of steam turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558a": " steam turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558b": " 90% of the world's electric production was by use of steam turbines", "571155ae2419e31400955591": " Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": " steam engine. The cycle is an arrangement of components as is typically used for simple power production", "571155ae2419e31400955593": " steam power production applications. In the 1990s, Rankine steam cycles generated about 90% of all electric power", "571155ae2419e31400955594": " steam engine. The cycle is an arrangement of components as is typically used for simple power production", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "The Rankine cycle", "571156152419e3140095559b": "The historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency", "571156152419e3140095559f": " 25 million, but averaged about 17. This was a three-fold improvement over the average Newcomen design", "571156152419e3140095559e": " 7", "571156152419e3140095559d": " steam engine", "571156152419e3140095559c": " 7", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "Reciprocating", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "Reciprocating piston", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": " steam turbines", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": " Bento de Moura Portugal", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": " Bento de Moura Portugal", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": " Bento de Moura Portugal", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": " Bento de Moura Portugal", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": " Bento de Moura Portugal", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": " Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": " Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "Around 1800 Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": " patent in 1802", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": " Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "iprojek", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": " 27-30% on high-pressure engines", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": " 27-30%", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": " 27-30%", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": " 27-30%", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": " pump. A dry type cooling tower", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": " CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use surface condensers", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "The centrifugal governor", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "The centrifugal governor", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": " Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": " 1788 after Watt\u2019s partner Boulton saw one at a flour mill Boulton & Watt were building. The governor", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": " Watt", "57115e532419e314009555af": " 1880; it was not universally popular in railway locomotives", "57115e532419e314009555b0": " road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880; it was not universally popular in railway locomotives", "57115e532419e314009555b1": " railway locomotives", "57115e532419e314009555b2": " railway locomotives", "57115e532419e314009555b3": " road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880; it was not universally popular in railway locomotives", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "The simplest valve gears", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "The simplest valve gears", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "The simplest valve gears", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": " steam", "57115f652419e314009555b9": " 1606", "57115f652419e314009555ba": " 1606", "57115f652419e314009555bb": " 1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": " 1606", "57115f652419e314009555bd": " 1606", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": " steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": " steam flow onto the next rotor stage", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": " steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": " steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": " steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "The weight of boilers", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": " turbine plant", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "The weight of boilers", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": " a renewed interest in steam both as a component of cogeneration processes and as a prime mover. This is becoming known as the Advanced Steam movement", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": " steam both as a component of cogeneration processes and as a prime mover. This is becoming known as the Advanced Steam movement", "571161092419e314009555d7": " Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": " Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d9": " Wankel engine", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1763\u20131775) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "1763\u20131775) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "1763\u20131775) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "1763\u20131775) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser. Boulton and Watt", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "1763\u20131775) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": " lever to restrain a plug valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": " lever to restrain a plug valve in the top of a boiler", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": " lever to restrain a plug valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": " lever to restrain a plug valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": " lever to restrain a plug valve", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": " 1849", "5711628a2419e314009555de": " 1849", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "The acme of the horizontal engine was the Corliss steam engine, patented in 1849", "5711628a2419e314009555df": " 1849", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "The acme of the horizontal engine was the Corliss steam engine, patented in 1849", "571163172419e314009555e7": " Watt on a model steam engine", "571163172419e314009555e8": " Watt on a model steam engine", "571163172419e314009555e9": " steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", "571163172419e314009555ea": " steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", "571163172419e314009555eb": " steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": " 1% to 3% of the turbine power", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": " pump, the working fluid being in its liquid phase at this point.", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": " 1% to 3% of the turbine power", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": " 1500 \u00b0C", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": " fuel from a supply bin (bunker) to the firebox. See: Mechanical stoker", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": " Mechanical stoker", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": " Mechanical stoker", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": " fuel from a supply bin (bunker) to the firebox. See: Mechanical stoker", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": " Mechanical stoker", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": " liners. HMS Dreadnought of 1905", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": " liners. HMS Dreadnought of 1905", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": " liners. HMS Dreadnought of 1905", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": " steam engines", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": " 1905", "571166352419e314009555f1": "Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f2": "Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f3": " railroad locomotives were manufactured", "571166352419e314009555f4": "Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f5": "Virtually all nuclear power", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": " steam engine", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": " steam engine", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "The Rankine cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": " Rankine cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": " Pumping", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": " By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": " two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2.", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": " a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2. Diatomic", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": " oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide, making up almost half of the crust's mass", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": " two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2.", "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": " 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere", "571bb2269499d21900609caa": " oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide, making up almost half of the crust's mass", "571bb2269499d21900609cab": " two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2.", "571bb2269499d21900609cad": " two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2.", "571bb2269499d21900609cac": " two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2.", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": " By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": " two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2.", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": " two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2.", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": " By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": " By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O\n3), strongly absorbs UVB radiation", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "allotrope) of oxygen, ozone", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroa", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroa", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": " 17th", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroa", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroa", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroa", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "1641\u20131679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroa", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": " August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": " August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": " Priestley published his findings in 1775", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": " August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": " August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": " August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "75", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": " Priestley published his findings in 1775", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": " Priestley published his findings in 1775 in a paper titled \"An Account of Further Discoveries in Air\"", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": " 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": " Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": " Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": " BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": " Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": " Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": " Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": " Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": " Byzantium", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "gen is the oxidant, not the fuel", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": " Steel pipes", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": " Steel pipes", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": " Steel pipes", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": " Steel pipes", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": " Steel pipes", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": " Steel pipes", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": " Steel pipes", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": " Steel pipes", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": " carbon dioxide", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": " carbon dioxide", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": " oxides of silicon", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": " carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crust", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": " granite and quartz), aluminium (aluminium oxide Al\n2O\n3", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": " carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crust", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": " oxides of silicon (silica SiO\n2, as found in granite and quartz), aluminium (aluminium oxide Al\n2O\n3", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": " silicon", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": " HO, giving the atomic mass of oxygen as 8 times that of hydrogen, instead of the modern value of about 16.", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": " HO, giving the atomic mass of oxygen as 8 times that of hydrogen, instead of the modern value of about 16.", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": " HO, giving the atomic mass of oxygen as 8 times that of hydrogen, instead of the modern value of about 16.", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": " HO, giving the atomic mass of oxygen as 8 times that of hydrogen, instead of the modern value of about 16.", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "John Dalton", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": " coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "Highly combustible materials that leave little residue, such as wood or coal, were thought to be made mostly of phlogiston", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": " 2s electrons, after sequential filling of the low \u03c3 and \u03c3* orbitals; \u03c3 overlap of the two atomic 2p", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": " 2s electrons, after sequential filling of the low \u03c3 and \u03c3* orbitals; \u03c3 overlap of the two atomic 2p", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": " two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other.", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": " 2s electrons, after sequential filling of the low \u03c3 and \u03c3* orbitals; \u03c3 overlap of the two atomic 2p", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": " 2s electrons, after sequential filling of the low \u03c3 and \u03c3* orbitals; \u03c3 overlap of the two atomic 2p", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": " Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": " Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": " Wilhelm Scheele", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": " Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": " Wilhelm Scheele", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": " O\n2 molecule is referred to as triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": " triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": " O\n2 molecule is referred to as triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": " O\n2 molecule is referred to as triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": " O\n2 molecule is referred to as triplet oxygen", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": " 1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": " 1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": " 1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": " 1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": " 1777", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "Trioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": " 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJ", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": " 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJ", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": " 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJ", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": " 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJ", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": " 1895 by German engineer Carl von Linde", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": " 1895 by German engineer Carl von Linde", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": " 1895 by German engineer Carl von Linde", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": " 1895 by German engineer Carl von Linde", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": " 1 molecule of dissolved O\n2", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": " 1 molecule of dissolved O\n2", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": " O\n2", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": " 1 molecule of dissolved O\n2", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": " O\n2", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": ".9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": " About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": " O\n2 surrounding these other planets is produced solely by ultraviolet radiation", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": " March 29, 1883", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": " March 29, 1883", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": " March 29, 1883", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": " March 29, 1883", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": " March 29, 1883", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": " Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": " Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": " Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": " dust grains that formed the Earth.", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": " dust grains that formed the Earth.", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": " electron spins are paired. It is much more reactive towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": " 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": " 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": " 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": " 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": " 760 nm", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": " Liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": " triplet form, O\n2", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": " triplet form, O\n2", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": " O\n2", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": " O\n2", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": " ion (O\u2212\n2)", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "Reactive oxygen species", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": " 2.", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "Reactive oxygen species", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": " 2.5 billion years ago", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": " O\n2 are clear substances with a light sky-blue color", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": " 90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": " light sky-blue color", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": " O\n2 are clear substances with a light sky-blue color", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": " O\n2 are clear substances with a light sky-blue color", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": " Scientists assess this aspect of water quality by measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand, or the amount of O\n", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": " Physical properties) has important implications for ocean life, as polar oceans support a much higher density of life due to their higher oxygen content. Water", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "Free oxygen", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": " Scientists assess this aspect of water quality by measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand, or the amount of O\n", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "Free oxygen", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": " iron formations. When such oxygen sinks became saturated, free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans 3", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": " iron formations. When such oxygen sinks became saturated, free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans 3\u20132.7 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": " iron formations. When such oxygen sinks became saturated, free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans 3\u20132.", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "7 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": " iron formations. When such oxygen sinks became saturated, free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans 3\u20132.7 billion years ago", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": " three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": " three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": " three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": " three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": " three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": " O\n2 gas involves passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": " 90% to 93% O\n2.", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": " 90% to 93% O\n2.", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": " 90% to 93% O\n2.", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": " 90% to 93% O\n2.", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": " A similar method is the electrocatalytic O\n2 evolution", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": " A similar method is the electrocatalytic O\n2 evolution", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": " DC electricity", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": " A similar method is the electrocatalytic O\n2 evolution", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": " A similar method is the electrocatalytic O\n2 evolution", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": " mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use in oxygen bars", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": " mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use in oxygen bars", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": " recreational use in oxygen bars", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": " a placebo effect", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": " recreational use in oxygen bars", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": " monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": " O\n2", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": " O\n2", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": " O\n2", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": " O\n2", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": " O\n2", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": " metal than the chemical formula would show. For example, the mineral FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": " metal than the chemical formula would show. For example, the mineral FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": " metal than the chemical formula would show. For example, the mineral FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": " metal than the chemical formula would show. For example, the mineral FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": " metal than the chemical formula would show. For example, the mineral FeO (w\u00fcstite) is written as Fe\n1", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft sometimes have supplemental O\n2", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": " O\n2", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": " mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft sometimes have supplemental O\n2", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": " mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft sometimes have supplemental O\n2", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": " liters of gaseous oxygen at atmospheric pressure", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "Oxygen storage", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "Oxygen storage", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "Oxygen storage", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": " oxygen tanks", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": " acid anhydrides (R-CO-O-CO-R); and amides (R-C(O)-NR\n2", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": " acid anhydrides (R-CO-O-CO-R); and amides (R-C(O)-NR\n2", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": " acid anhydrides (R-CO-O-CO-R); and amides (R-C(O)-NR\n2", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": " acid anhydrides (R-CO-O-CO-R); and amides (R-C(O)-NR\n2", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": " acid anhydrides (R-CO-O-CO-R); and amides (R-C(O)-NR\n2", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": " a few common complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "olecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": " a few common complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "olecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": " phosphate (PO3\u2212\n4", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": " Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": " O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": " O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "Oxygen toxicity to the lungs", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": " O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": " no damage due to the low total pressures used. In the case of spacesuits, the O\n", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "Breathing pure O\n2", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "Breathing pure O\n2", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": " no damage due to the low total pressures used. In the case of spacesuits, the O\n", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "Breathing pure O\n2", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": ".5 times the normal sea-level O\n2", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": " 50% oxygen composition at standard pressure or 2.5 times the normal sea-level O\n2", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": " 50% oxygen composition at standard pressure or 2.5 times the normal sea-level O\n2", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": ".5 times the normal sea-level O\n2", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": " 50% oxygen composition at standard pressure or 2.5 times the normal sea-level O\n2", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": " The embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "The 1973 oil crisis", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": " a rift within NATO", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": " By January 18, 1974, US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had negotiated an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "The crisis had a major impact on international relations", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": " August 15, 1971, the United States unilaterally pulled out of the Bretton Woods Accord. The US abandoned the Gold Exchange Standard", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": " August 15", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": " The result was a depreciation of the dollar", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": " August 15", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": " August 15, 1971, the United States unilaterally pulled out of the Bretton Woods Accord. The US abandoned the Gold Exchange Standard", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": " risen by less than two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": " two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": " 1973\u20131974 largely returned their prices and corresponding incomes to Bretton Woods levels", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": " two percent", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": " October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": " ten times more.\"", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": " ten times more.\"", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": " ten times more.\"", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": " October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": " October 16, 1973, OPEC raised the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": " $5.11 a barrel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": " $5.11 a barrel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": " $2.2 billion in emergency aid to Israel, including $1.5 billion in outright grants. George Lenczowski", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": " $5.11 a barrel", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": " over 100 billion dollars in the ensuing decades for helping spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, known as Wahhabism, throughout the world", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": " violent Sunni extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda and the Taliban", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": " the Middle East. Saudi Arabia", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": " nations whose economies had been caught between higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities, amid shrinking Western demand. Much went for arms purchases", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": " oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities, amid shrinking Western demand. Much went for arms purchases", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": " USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": " USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": " 1973. The possibility that the Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with the USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": " US than oil. Further, interest groups and government agencies more worried about energy were no match for Kissinger", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": " The embargo left oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": " The embargo left oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": " deflationary impacts", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": " The embargo left oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": " US economy", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": " The UK had traditionally been an ally of Israel", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": " 1970", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "The embargo was not uniform across Europe", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": " oil crisis of its own - a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": " a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": " 1973", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": " oil crisis of its own - a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": " a major factor in the change of government. Heath asked the British to heat only one room in their houses over the winter. The UK, Germany", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": " Scarcity was addressed by rationing (as in many countries). Motorists faced long lines at gas stations beginning in summer 1972", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": " Scarcity was addressed by rationing (as in many countries). Motorists faced long lines at gas stations beginning in summer 1972", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": " Scarcity was addressed by rationing (as in many countries). Motorists faced long lines at gas stations beginning in summer 1972", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "Price controls", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": " Nixon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": " William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": " Nixon named William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": " Nixon named William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": " 55 mph (about 88 km/h) was imposed through the Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": " 1975, and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": " 1975, and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": " 1975, and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": " 1975, and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": " nuclear power", "572650325951b619008f6faa": " nuclear power", "572650325951b619008f6fab": " energy crisis led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power", "57265200708984140094c237": " 1973", "57265200708984140094c238": " 1973", "57265200708984140094c239": " 1973", "57265200708984140094c23a": " 1973", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": " 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": " 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": " 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": " 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": " 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", "57265526708984140094c2be": "The USSR", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "The USSR", "57265526708984140094c2c0": " Afghanistan was only one sign of insecurity in the region, also marked by increased American weapons sales", "57265526708984140094c2c1": " Afghanistan", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars", "572659535951b619008f703f": "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts", "572659535951b619008f7040": " AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle", "572659535951b619008f7041": " small size of the first Japanese compacts", "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Compact trucks were introduced, such as the Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": " Mazda", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Compact trucks", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "act trucks", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": " $12 from 1974 to 1979", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": " $12 from 1974 to 1979", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": " $12 from 1974 to 1979", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": " $12 from 1974 to 1979", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": " $12 from 1974 to 1979", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "Federal safety standards", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "Federal safety standards, such as NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 215 (pertaining to safety bumpers), and compacts like the 1974 Mustang", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "Federal safety standards, such as NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 215", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": " The world price, which had peaked during the 1979 energy crisis at nearly $40 per barrel", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": " $10 per barrel", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "OPEC", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "OPEC", "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": " Mercury", "5725b41838643c19005acb80": " Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb83": " Mercury", "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966", "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966", "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966", "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": " Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": " Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": " Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": " Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": " Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon", "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "Apollo set several major human spaceflight milestones. It stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit. Apollo 8", "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": "Apollo set several major human spaceflight milestones. It stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit. Apollo 8", "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "Apollo set several major human spaceflight milestones. It stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit. Apollo 8", "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": "Apollo set several major human spaceflight milestones. It stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit. Apollo 8", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": " Abe Silver", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": " Abe Silverstein", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": " Abe Silverstein", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": " Abe Silverstein", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": " Abe Silverstein", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": "Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": "Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": "Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company", "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": "Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": " Soviet Union", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": " Soviet Union", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": " Soviet Union", "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": " Soviet Union", "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": " Soviet Union", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": " April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": " April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": " April 12", "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": " April 12", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": " April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": " April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": " approximately one week later, concluding that \"we are neither making maximum effort nor achieving results necessary if this country is to reach a position of leadership.\"", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": " April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": " Gilruth's Space Task Group", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": " Gilruth", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": " Mission Control Center would be included in the MSC.", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": " Rice University", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": " Space Task Group, which had been directing the nation's manned space program from NASA's Langley Research Center", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": " LC-34 and LC-37", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": " LC-34 and LC-37", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": " LC-34 and LC-37", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": " LC-34 and LC-37", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "The LOC included Launch Complex 39", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": " Launch Complex 39", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": " Complex 39", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": " Complex 39", "5725c123271a42140099d131": "Administrator Webb", "5725c123271a42140099d132": " Webb", "5725c123271a42140099d133": " Webb", "5725c123271a42140099d134": " Webb", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": " Webb's permission to recruit General Samuel C. Phillips", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": " direct ascent", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": " Seamans", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": " direct ascent", "5725c604271a42140099d185": " July 1961", "5725c604271a42140099d186": " July 1961", "5725c604271a42140099d187": " Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d188": " Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d189": " Seamans", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": "But even after NASA reached internal agreement, it was far from smooth sailing. Kennedy's science advisor Jerome Wiesner", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": " July 11, 1962", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": " July 11, 1962", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": " July 11, 1962", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": " Marshall Space Flight Center", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": " public during a two-day September visit by the President", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": " Braun", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": " NASA announced the selection of Grumman as the LEM contractor in November 1962", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": " Apollo 13", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": " 13", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": " CSM failure could be identified that would prohibit use of the SPS", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": " Apollo 13", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": "Maxime Faget", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": " ferry used to transport the crew, along with a new spacecraft, the Lunar Excursion Module", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": " ferry used to transport the crew, along with a new spacecraft, the Lunar Excursion Module", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": " 11.", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": " 11.", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": " 11.", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": " 11.", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": " 11.", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": " 24.", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": " 24.", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": " 24.", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": " 24.", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": " 24.", "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": " Block I", "5725cda338643c19005acd40": " Block I", "5725cda338643c19005acd41": " Aviation", "5725cda338643c19005acd42": " Block I", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": " 33,300 pounds", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": " 33,300 pounds", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": " 33,300 pounds", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": " 33,300 pounds", "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": " Nova series", "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": " Nova series. In the midst of these plans, von Braun was transferred from the Army to NASA", "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": " Apollo program began, Wernher von Braun", "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": " LC-34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages", "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": " LC-34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages", "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": " LC-34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages", "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": " LC-34", "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "The Saturn IB", "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": " Saturn I. The S-IB first stage increased the thrust to 1,600,000 pounds-force", "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": " 40,000 pounds (18,100 kg) into low Earth orbit", "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": " 40,000 pounds (18,100 kg) into low Earth orbit", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": " three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": " 33 feet (10.1 m) in diameter", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": " three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": " three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": " CSM development flights) through the first two landings on Apollo 11", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": " CSM development flights) through the first two landings on Apollo 11", "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": " Harrison Schmitt", "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": " CSM development flights) through the first two landings on Apollo 11", "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": " CSM development flights) through the first two landings on Apollo 11", "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": " Grissom, White, and Chaffee in 1969", "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": "humously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee in 1969", "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": " 1969", "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "humously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee in 1969", "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": " 1969", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": " LC-34 on suborbital flights in 1966", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": " 265.7 nautical miles", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": " LC-34 on suborbital flights in 1966 with the Saturn IB. The first, AS-201", "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": " LC-34 on suborbital flights in 1966 with the Saturn IB. The first, AS-201 launched on February 26", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": " Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207/208", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": " visor helmet", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": " CSM", "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "Deke Slayton", "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": "135 weightlessness training aircraft, and had to undergo surgery on January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA", "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": "135 weightlessness training aircraft, and had to undergo surgery on January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA", "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "Deke Slayton", "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "Deke Slay", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": "205/208", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": "205/208 or AS-258, planned for August 1967", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "205/208", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "205/208 or AS-258, planned for August 1967. McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": " 1967", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": " 1967", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": " 1967", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": " Atwood", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "Grissom", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Grissom", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "Grissom", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "Grissom", "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": " January 27", "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": " January 27", "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": " January 27", "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": " January 27", "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": " January 27", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "NASA", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": " review board", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": " accident review board", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": " Administrator Webb, North American removed Harrison Storms", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": " Block II", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": " Block II", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": " hatch", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": " Block II", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": " Block II spacecraft and operational procedures, the most important of which were use of a nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen", "5725df1838643c19005ace15": " letters were used instead of numbers", "5725df1838643c19005ace16": " letters were used instead of numbers", "5725df1838643c19005ace17": " letters were used instead of numbers", "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": " Block I CSM on November 9, 1967", "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": " Block I CSM on November 9", "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": " Block I CSM on November 9", "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": " Block I CSM on November 9", "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": " January 22, 1968", "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": " January 22, 1968", "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "Apollo 5 (AS-204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968", "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": " January 22, 1968", "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "Apollo 5 (AS-204) was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968", "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": "Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart", "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "Apollo 8", "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "Apollo 8", "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": "Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart", "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "Apollo 8", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "emini veteran crew consisting of Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": " July 1969 by an all-Gemini veteran crew consisting of Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11", "5725e44238643c19005ace35": " 7", "5725e44238643c19005ace36": " Ocean of Storms. The Command Module Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon", "5725e44238643c19005ace37": " 12 within walking distance of the Surveyor 3", "5725e44238643c19005ace38": " 7", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": " 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20. NASA", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": " 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20. NASA", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": " 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": " 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": " 15 Saturn Vs were enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20. NASA", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": " Service Module and forcing the crew to use the LM as a \"life boat\" to return to Earth", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": " Commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13 launched Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": " 13 launched Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": " 13 launched Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": " Commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13 launched Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": " 18 and 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": " 18 and 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": " museum exhibits", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": " 19. The two unused Saturn Vs became museum exhibits at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": " calcium-rich feldspar mineral anorthite", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": " calcium-rich feldspar mineral anorthite", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": " calcium-rich feldspar mineral anorthite", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": " calcium-rich feldspar mineral anorthite", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": " impact process effects. Many samples appear to be pitted with micrometeoroid impact craters", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": " impact process effects. Many samples appear to be pitted with micrometeoroid impact craters", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": " impact process effects. Many samples appear to be pitted with micrometeoroid impact craters", "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": " 2005 dollars", "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": " $20.4 billion", "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": " $20.4 billion", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": " 30 flights to Earth orbit, using the space in the Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": " manned lunar landings, NASA investigated several post-lunar applications for Apollo hardware", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": " Saturn upper stage", "5725ef6838643c19005acece": " 1974", "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": " 1974", "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": " February 8, 1974", "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": " 1974", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": " blast crater", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": " blast crater", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": " blast crater", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": " 1968", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": " 1968", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": " 1968", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": " 1968", "5725f239271a42140099d35d": " Lebar", "5725f239271a42140099d35e": " Lebar", "5725f239271a42140099d35f": " Lebar", "5725f239271a42140099d360": " Lebar", "5725f239271a42140099d361": " Lebar", "5725f39638643c19005acef7": " $230,000", "5725f39638643c19005acef8": " $230", "5725f39638643c19005acef9": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", "5725f39638643c19005acefa": " $230,000, the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11", "5725f39638643c19005acefb": " $230", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": " Treaties. The legislature", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": " Treaties. The legislature", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": " Treaties. The legislature", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": " the European Parliament", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": " Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": " Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": " list their powers and responsibilities, and explain the areas in which the EU can legislate with Directives or Regulations", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": " list their powers and responsibilities, and explain the areas in which the EU can legislate with Directives or Regulations", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": " list their powers and responsibilities, and explain the areas in which the EU can legislate with Directives or Regulations", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": " codified constitution, like every political body it has laws which \"constitute\" its basic governance", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": " appoints the Commissioners and the board of the European Central Bank", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": " TEU establishes that European Union law applies to the metropolitan territories of the member states, as well as certain islands and overseas territories, including Madeira", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": " jeopardise the attainment of the TEU objectives. The Court of Justice", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": " Individuals may rely on primary law in the Court of Justice", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": " Individuals may rely on primary law in the Court of Justice", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "The primary law of the EU", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": " jeopardise the attainment of the TEU objectives. The Court of Justice", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": " TEU establishes that European Union law applies to the metropolitan territories of the member states, as well as certain islands and overseas territories, including Madeira", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": " external relations, for example Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands.", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": " Individuals may rely on primary law in the Court", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": " 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": " 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": " 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": " 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": " 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": " 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": " 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": " 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": " 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": " steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": " 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": " the Netherlands, the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": " amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": " amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": " amending treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": " constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": " constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": " constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": " amending treaty", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "de facto catalyst of many legislative initiatives\". The Parliament", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": " Parliament", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "The European Commission", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "The European Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": " EU taxes), and having immunity from prosecution for doing official acts. Commissioners have sometimes been found to have abused their offices, particularly since the Santer Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": " EU taxes), and having immunity from prosecution for doing official acts. Commissioners have sometimes been found to have abused their offices, particularly since the Santer Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": " EU taxes), and having immunity from prosecution for doing official acts. Commissioners have sometimes been found to have abused their offices, particularly since the Santer Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": " six-person board appointed by the European Council", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "-person board appointed by the European Council, on the Council's recommendation. The President of the Council", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": " 1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": " Parliament in 1999, and it eventually resigned due to corruption allegations. This resulted in one main case, Commission v Edith Cresson", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": " EU taxes), and having immunity from prosecution for doing official acts. Commissioners have sometimes been found to have abused their offices, particularly since the Santer Commission", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": " EU taxes), and having immunity from prosecution for doing official acts. Commissioners have sometimes been found to have abused their offices, particularly since the Santer Commission", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "Commissioners have various privileges, such as being exempt from member state taxes", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": " 750 MEPs", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": " a further right for citizens to petition the Parliament on issues which affect them. Parliament elections, take place every five years", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": " a further right for citizens to petition the Parliament on issues which affect them. Parliament elections, take place every five years", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": " publicising their views and submit an initiative that must be considered by the Commission with one million signatures. TFEU article 227", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": " a further right for citizens to petition the Parliament on issues which affect them. Parliament elections, take place every five years", "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": " a further right for citizens to petition the Parliament on issues which affect them. Parliament elections, take place every five years", "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": " a further right for citizens to petition the Parliament on issues which affect them. Parliament elections, take place every five years", "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": " 1979, to having increasingly more rights in the legislative process. Citizens' rights are therefore limited compared to the democratic polities within all European member states", "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": " a further right for citizens to petition the Parliament on issues which affect them. Parliament elections, take place every five years", "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": " 750 MEPs", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote, if not consensus. TEU article 16", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": " 65 per cent of the population of the EU", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote, if not consensus. TEU article 16", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote, if not consensus. TEU article 16", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": " 65 per cent of the population of the EU", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": " 352 votes, but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": " 294", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": " 294", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": " 294", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": " a debate about the Kompetenz-Kompetenz question", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": " TEU", "572695285951b619008f774b": " TFEU article 294", "572695285951b619008f774c": " 294", "572695285951b619008f774d": " a debate about the Kompetenz-Kompetenz question", "572695285951b619008f774e": " 294", "572658435951b619008f7025": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "572658435951b619008f7026": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "572658435951b619008f7027": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "572658435951b619008f7028": " courts", "572658435951b619008f7029": " judicial branch of the EU", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": " judicial branch of the EU", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": " public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance. There is also a Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": " judicial branch of the EU", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": " 267", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": " 267", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": " 267", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": " ENEL", "5726975c708984140094cb20": " 267", "5726975c708984140094cb21": " 267", "572699db5951b619008f7799": " human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779a": " human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779b": " EU law. This, however, would only happen in the case of an express wish of the people to withdraw from the EU.", "572699db5951b619008f779d": " EU law. This, however, would only happen in the case of an express wish of the people to withdraw from the EU.", "572699db5951b619008f779c": " EU law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": " All actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": " All actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": " All actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": " All actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": " a good justification, Van Gend en Loos could recover the money it paid for the tariff. EU Regulations are the same as Treaty provisions", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": " EU Regulations are the same as Treaty provisions in this sense, because as TFEU article 288", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": " a postal company", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": " Treaty provisions in this sense, because as TFEU article 288", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "ives do not have so called \"horizontal\" direct effect", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": " three Advocate Generals persuasively argued that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": " three Advocate Generals persuasively argued that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": " controversial, and in the early 1990s three Advocate Generals persuasively argued that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": " 73/173/EEC on packaging and labelling solvents by the deadline, it was estopped from enforcing a conflicting national law from 1963", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": " 73/173/EEC on packaging and labelling solvents by the deadline, it was estopped from enforcing a conflicting national law from 1963", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": " 10 years, from age 18 to 28", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": " 73/173/EEC on packaging and labelling solvents by the deadline, it was estopped from enforcing a conflicting national law from 1963", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": " laws", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "Fourth, national courts", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "Fourth, national courts", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "Fourth, national courts", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": " the former employee of a bankrupt Venetian firm, was therefore allowed to claim 6 million Lira from the Italian government", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": " public international law and legal doctrines and principles present in the legal systems of European Union member states", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "The principles of European Union law are rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "Proportionality is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Proportionality is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law by the European Court of Justice", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "Proportionality", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": " legitimate expectation", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "The concept of legal certainty", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": " a proper legal basis. Legislation in member states", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "The concept of legal certainty", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "Fundamental rights, as in human rights, were first recognised by the European Court of Justice in the late 60s", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": " the constitutions of member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": " a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": " a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": " a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": " a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": " a list of fundamental rights from the European Convention on Human Rights", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": " 7 December 2000, as adopted at Strasbourg on 12 December 2007", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": " codifying the fundamental rights which were previously considered general principles of European Union law", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": " enforced by the European Court of Justice", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": " 12 December 2007, which shall have the same legal value as the Treaties.\" Therefore, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": " 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": " 40 pieces", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": " 40 pieces", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": " 30 general principles", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": " 40 pieces", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": " 12 member states. The UK refused to sign the Social Charter and was exempt from the legislation covering Social Charter issues", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": " UK subsequently was the only member state to veto the Social Charter being included as the \"Social Chapter\" of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": " Social Charter being included as the \"Social Chapter\" of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": " Maastricht Treaty", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": " minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": " minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": " main legislation previously agreed under the Agreement on Social Policy", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": " in 1997, the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": " UK subsequently adopted the main legislation previously agreed under the Agreement on Social Policy", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "ECSC) agreement between France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": " steel as members felt that its dominance had contributed to the outbreak of the war. Article 65", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": " EU competition law on companies were established in article 85", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": " steel as members felt that its dominance had contributed to the outbreak of the war. Article 65", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": " EC Treaty, which established the European Economic Community", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": " the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements in Article 101", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": " Regulation 139/2004/EC", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": " the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements in Article 101", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": " Regulation 139/2004", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": " federal state", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": " federal state", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": " federal state", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": " federal state", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": " federal state", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": " a customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "Free movement of goods", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "Free movement of goods within the European Union", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Free movement of goods within the European Union", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "Free movement of goods within the European Union", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": " TFEU article 34", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": " TFEU article 34", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": " TFEU article 34", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": " TFEU article 34", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": " TFEU article 34", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": " TFEU article 34", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": " TFEU article 34", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": " TFEU article 34", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": " TFEU article 34", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": " TFEU article 45", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": " TFEU article 45", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": " 45", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": " TFEU article 45", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": " TFEU article 45", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": " Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": " Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "The Free Movement of Workers Regulation articles 1 to 7", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "Citizenship of the EU has increasingly been seen as a \"fundamental\" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": " Commission v Austria the Court held that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "itizenship of the EU", "5726c002708984140094d073": " Consiglio", "5726c002708984140094d074": " All people", "5726c002708984140094d075": " Consiglio", "5726c002708984140094d076": " \"freedom of establishment\" in article 49", "5726c002708984140094d077": " Consiglio", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": " Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": " Franco Frattini", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": " Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": " 2005", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": " people", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "The \"freedom to provide services\" under TFEU article 56", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": " HM Treasury that member states could restrict a company moving its seat of business, without infringing TFEU article 49", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": " \u00a31 of capital to start a company", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": " \u00a31 of capital to start a company", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": " a company moving its seat of business, without infringing TFEU article 49", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": " HM Treasury that member states could restrict a company moving its seat of business, without infringing TFEU article 49", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4n", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "The Amazon rainforest", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": " 7,000,000 square kilometres", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "Portuguese: Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": " 66\u201334 Mya", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": " 45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": " 66\u201334 Mya", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": " 66\u201334 Mya", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": " 66\u201334 Mya", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": " 66\u201334 Mya", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": " 45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": " 66\u201334 Mya", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": " 66\u201334 Mya", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": " 66\u201334 Mya", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": " 66\u201334 Mya", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": " 66\u201334 Mya", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": " 66\u201334 Mya", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": " 66\u201334 Mya", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": " 66\u201334 Mya", "5725c071271a42140099d127": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d128": " Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic", "5725c071271a42140099d129": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df790": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df791": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df792": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df793": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": " Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": " Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": " Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": " Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": " Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": " Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": " Last Glacial Maximum", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": " Last Glacial Maximum", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": " Last Glacial Maximum", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": " Last Glacial Maximum", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": " Last Glacial Maximum", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": " deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": " Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": " Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": " Last Glacial Maximum", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": " Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": " CALIPSO satellite", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": " CALIPSO satellite", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": " CALIPSO satellite", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": " CALIPSO satellite", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": " CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": " CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": " CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": " CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": " CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": " CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": " CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": " CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": " CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": " CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": " CALIPSO satellite", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": " AD 1500", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": " AD 1500", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": " AD 1500", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": " 5 million people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": " 5 million people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": " AD 1500", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": " AD 1500", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": " AD 1500", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": " AD 1500", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": " AD 1500", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": " AD 1500", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": " AD 1500", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": " AD 1500", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": " AD 1500", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": " Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": " Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": " Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "1250, furthering claims about Pre-Columbian civilizations. Ondemar Dias", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": " Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155112": " Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": " Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155114": " Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155115": " Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155116": " Francisco de Orellana", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": " Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest were found in 2003 by Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": " Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest were found in 2003 by Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "Terra preta", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "843 invertebrate species", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": " Scientists have described between 96,660 and 128,843 invertebrate species", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "843 invertebrate species", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "843 invertebrate species", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "843 invertebrate species", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": " million insect species", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "843 invertebrate species", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "843 invertebrate species", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "843 invertebrate species", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": " Scientists have described between 96,660 and 128,843 invertebrate species", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": " \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": " 16,000", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": " \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": " \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": " \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5729f2646aef051400155130": " \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5729f2646aef051400155131": " \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5729f2646aef051400155132": " \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5729f2646aef051400155133": " \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5729f2646aef051400155134": " \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": " poison dart frogs secrete lipophilic alkaloid toxins through their flesh. There are also numerous parasites and disease vectors. Vampire", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": " poison dart", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": " poison dart frogs secrete lipophilic alkaloid toxins through their flesh. There are also numerous parasites and disease vectors. Vampire", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": " poison dart frogs secrete lipophilic alkaloid toxins through their flesh. There are also numerous parasites and disease vectors. Vampire", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": " poison dart", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "Deforestation", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": " 587,000 square kilometres", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": " 587,000 square kilometres", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": " 587,000 square kilometres", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": " 587,000 square kilometres", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": " 587,000 square kilometres", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": " mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005 (22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year) was 18%", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "The needs of soy farmers", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year) was 18%", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "22,392 km2 or 8,646 sq mi per year) was 18%", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "The needs of soy farmers", "572a020f6aef051400155198": ".37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996", "572a020f6aef051400155199": " forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": ".37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": " 1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes of carbon. Amazonian forests are estimated to have accumulated 0.62 \u00b1 0.37 tons", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": " 1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes of carbon. Amazonian forests are estimated to have accumulated 0.62 \u00b1 0.37 tons", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": " computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": " 21st century by climate change in addition to deforestation", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": " rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": " 21st century by climate change in addition to deforestation", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": " computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": " Peruvian Amazon", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": " Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile, the relationship between non-human primates", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": " Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": " Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile, the relationship between non-human primates", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": " Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile, the relationship between non-human primates", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": " Trio Tribe, who live in the rainforests of southern Suriname", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": " carbon related emissions", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": " Thematic Mapper (TM)", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": " carbon related emissions", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": " carbon related emissions", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": " carbon related emissions", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": " hundred years", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": " hundred years", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": " three years of drought", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": " three years of drought", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": " hundred years", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": " a typical year the Amazon absorbs 1.5 gigatons of carbon dioxide", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": " 1,160,000 square miles", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": " 1,160,000 square miles", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": " 1,160,000 square miles", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": " 1,160,000 square miles", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": " Coelenterata", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": " a few millimeters to 1.5 m (", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": " a few millimeters to 1.5 m (", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": " Coelenterata", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": " Coelenterata", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": " Coelenterata", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "C", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": " Coelenterata", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": " Coelenterata", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "C", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": " Coelenterata", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": " Coelenterata", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "C", "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": " 100", "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": " 100", "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": " 100\u2013150 species have been validated", "5725c337271a42140099d163": " 100\u2013150 species have been validated", "5725c337271a42140099d164": " 100", "5725c337271a42140099d165": " 100", "5725c337271a42140099d166": " 100", "5725c337271a42140099d167": " 100", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": " 100", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": " 100", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": " 100", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": " 100", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": " 100", "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": " Fertilization", "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": " platyctenids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch. The young are generally planktonic", "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": " The combination of hermaphroditism", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": " platyctenids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch. The young are generally planktonic", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": " platyctenids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch. The young are generally planktonic", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": " Fertilization", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": " platyctenids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch. The young are generally planktonic", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": " Fertilization", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": " platyctenids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch. The young are generally planktonic", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": " platyctenids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch. The young are generally planktonic", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": " Fertilization", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": " platyctenids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch. The young are generally planktonic", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": " platyctenids' eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch. The young are generally planktonic", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": "oe helped to mitigate the problem", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": "Ctenophores", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "Cten", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "Cten", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Ctenophores", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "Cten", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "Ctenophores", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "Ctenophores", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "Ctenophores", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Ctenophores", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "Ctenophores", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "Ctenophores", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "15 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "agerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "15 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "15 million years ago", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "15 million years ago", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "15 million years ago", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "15 million years ago", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "15 million years ago", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": " sponges, about as complex as cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": " sponges", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": " basement membranes; muscles; nervous systems; and some have sensory organs. Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having colloblasts", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "Ctenophores form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": " sponges, about as complex as cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "Ctenophores form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "Ctenophores form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": " sponges", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": " sponges", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "oglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": " two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14d": " sponges and cnidarians, cten", "572647d0708984140094c14e": " two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": " 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": " 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": " 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": " 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": " three coastal genera \u2013 Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis. At least two textbooks base their descriptions of ctenophores", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": " two textbooks base their descriptions of ctenophores on the cydippid Pleurobrachia", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": " three coastal genera \u2013 Pleurobrachia", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": " two textbooks base their descriptions of ctenophores on the cydippid Pleurobrachia", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": " pharynx have both cilia", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": " four branches round the sensory complex at the far end from the mouth \u2013 two of these four branches terminate in anal pores", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": " four branches round the sensory complex at the far end from the mouth \u2013 two of these four branches terminate in anal pores", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": " four branches round the sensory complex at the far end from the mouth \u2013 two of these four branches terminate in anal pores", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": " four branches round the sensory complex at the far end from the mouth \u2013 two of these four branches terminate in anal pores", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": " eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": " eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": " eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": " eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": " eight comb rows, called swimming-plates", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": " water of different densities. Their body fluids are normally as concentrated as seawater", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "oglea to increase its bulk and decrease its density", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": " water of different densities. Their body fluids are normally as concentrated as seawater", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": " water of different densities. Their body fluids are normally as concentrated as seawater", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "oral organ (at the opposite end from the mouth). Its main component is a statocyst, a balance sensor", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "balancers\", that sense its orientation. The statocyst is protected by a transparent dome", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": " transparent dome", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "oral organ (at the opposite end from the mouth). Its main component is a statocyst, a balance sensor", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": " four bundles of cilia, called \"balancers\", that sense its orientation. The statocyst is protected by a transparent dome", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "Cydippid ctenophores", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "Cydippid cten", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": " Pleurobrachia", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "Cydippid ctenophores", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "Cydippid ctenophores", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores are typically fringed with tentilla", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "The tentacles of cydippid ctenophores", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": " beat in a metachronal rhythm rather like that of a Mexican wave", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "ronal rhythm rather like that of a Mexican wave", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": " beat in a metachronal rhythm rather like that of a Mexican wave", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "ocyst a ciliary groove runs out under the dome", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": " four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "The Lobata", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "The Lobata", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": " four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": " four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": " eight comb-rows", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": " eight comb-rows", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": " nerves rather than by water disturbances", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": " eight comb-rows", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": " no feeding appendages", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": " no feeding appendages", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": " no feeding appendages", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": " Nuda", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": " Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": " comb-rows", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": " Cestida", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": " oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": " comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": " comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": " oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles on the aboral surface", "572683075951b619008f7513": " comb rows, and eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis. Fertilization", "572683075951b619008f7514": " brood chambers until they hatch. Self-fertilization has occasionally been seen in species of the genus Mnemiopsis", "572683075951b619008f7515": " Mnemiopsis", "572683075951b619008f7516": " canal network under the comb rows, and eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis. Fertilization", "572683075951b619008f7517": " brood chambers until they hatch. Self-fertilization has occasionally been seen in species of the genus Mnemiopsis", "572684365951b619008f753f": " no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", "572684365951b619008f7540": " no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", "572684365951b619008f7541": " larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", "572684365951b619008f7542": " larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", "572684365951b619008f7543": " no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": " Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size than adults", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "ink)", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink)", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies. Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size", "5726887e708984140094c917": " Haeckelia", "5726887e708984140094c918": " no vegetarians", "5726887e708984140094c919": " Haeckelia", "5726887e708984140094c91a": " Haeckelia", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "tentacled \"cydippid\" Lampea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": " salmon, Oncorhynchus keta", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": " salmon, Oncorhynchus keta", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "Ctenophores", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "Ctenophores", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "Ctenophores", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": " Azov", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": " Azov", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": " late 1980s the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": " Azov", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": " 1993", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "ager", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": " 505 million years ago in the mid-Cambrian period. All three apparently lacked tentacles", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": " Three additional putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale and other Canadian rocks of similar age, about 505 million years ago", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": " 505 million years ago in the mid-Cambrian period. All three apparently lacked tentacles", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": " 505 million years ago in the mid-Cambrian period. All three apparently lacked tentacles", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "15 million years ago", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "15 million years ago", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "15 million years ago", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "15 million years ago", "57269016708984140094ca41": " Metazoa", "57269016708984140094ca42": "The relationship of ctenophores to the rest of Metazoa", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": " 26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": " 26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": " 26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": " 26 species, including 4 recently discovered ones, confirmed that the cydippids are not monophyletic", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": " 220 miles", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": " Los Angeles", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": " Los Angeles", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": " 220 miles (350 km) northwest of Los Angeles", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": " 49 miles", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": " 1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": " 1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": " 49 miles", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": " 49 miles", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": " 94.0% white", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": " 94.0% white", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": " German Town, Little Italy, and Chinatown. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white", "5725d183271a42140099d240": " German Town, Little Italy, and Chinatown. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white", "5725d183271a42140099d241": " German Town, Little Italy, and Chinatown. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": " In 1976, BankAmericard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa Inc", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "Americard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa Inc", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "Americard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa Inc", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": " Visa Inc", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": " Visa Inc", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": " Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": " Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken and recorded by Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": " Wheeling, West Virginia", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": " Wheeling, West Virginia", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": " Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "Fresno has three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Fresno has three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Fresno has three large public parks, two in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": " Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": " Woodward Park", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": " Courthouse", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": " Courthouse", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": " Courthouse", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": " Courthouse", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "ulton Street in Downtown Fresno was Fresno's main financial and commercial district before being converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls in 1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": " Downtown Fresno", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": " public art pieces in the country, including the only Pierre-Auguste Renoir piece in the world", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "ulton Street in Downtown Fresno", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "ulton Street in Downtown Fresno", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": " Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": " Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": " Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": " Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": " Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": " water tower, which is actually in another nearby area). The Tower District neighborhood", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": " water tower, which is actually in another nearby area). The Tower District neighborhood", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": " water tower, which is actually in another nearby area). The Tower District neighborhood", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": " World War II", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": " Avenues in the heart of the Tower District. (", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": " suburban flight, the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theatre in the late 1970", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": " Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": " 1978,[citation needed] at Olive and Wishon Avenues. Fresno native Audra McDonald", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": " a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": " a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclub", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclub", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "The neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": " punk/goth/deathrock and heavy metal community.[", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": " punk/goth/deathrock and heavy metal community.[", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": " Craftsman style homes", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": " Craftsman style homes", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": " tract homes", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": " Craftsman style homes", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Homes", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": " Tract, as the land would become known, was mapped by William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": " Tract, as the land would become known, was mapped by William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": " 267 homes", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Homes", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": " 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": " 41 freeway", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": " 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": " 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": " 99 freeway", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": " Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": " Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": " Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": " Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": " Kearney Boulevard", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": " Cargill Meat Solutions", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": " C", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": " 8 apartments have been built along Church Ave west of Elm St. Cargill Meat Solutions", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": " Cargill Meat Solutions", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": " Cargill Meat Solutions", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": " 300 acres", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": " 300 acres", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": " 300 acres", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": " 300 acres", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": " 300 acres", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": " William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": " Sierra Sky Park Airport", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": " Sierra Sky Park Airport", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": " William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": " William Smilie", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "K\u00f6ppen BSh), with mild, moist winters", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "K\u00f6ppen BSh), with mild, moist winters and hot and dry summers, thus displaying Mediterranean characteristics. December", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": " 11.5 inches", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "arid climate (K\u00f6ppen BSh), with mild, moist winters", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": " rose direction", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": " 115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C), set on July 8, 1905", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": " July 8, 1905, while the official record low is 17 \u00b0F (\u22128 \u00b0C), set on January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": " July 8, 1905, while the official record low is 17 \u00b0F (\u22128 \u00b0C), set on January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": " July 8, 1905, while the official record low is 17 \u00b0F (\u22128 \u00b0C), set on January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": " 115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C), set on July 8, 1905", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": " two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 232,055 persons", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": " 4,404.5 people per square mile", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": " 4,404.5 people per square mile", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": " two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 232,055 persons", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": " 111,529 families", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": " 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": " 35,064 households", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": " 111,529 families (70.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.62", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": " 111,529 families", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "097.9 people per square mile", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": " 4,097.9 people per square mile", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": " census of 2000, there were 427,652 people, 140,079 households", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": " 4,097.9 people per square mile", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "097.9 people per square mile", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": " June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": " June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": " June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": " June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": " June 1, 1953", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": " 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": " Atascadero in the south, and then heads north to Yosemite. State Route 180", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": " 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": " 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": " 5", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": " 99", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": " 5", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "enger rail service is provided by Amtrak", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak San Joaquins. The main passenger rail station is the recently renovated historic Santa Fe Railroad Depot", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": " Bell System", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": " Bell System", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": " Bell System", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": " packet switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": " Bell System", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": " Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switch", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": " packet switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": " communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "Packet switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": " bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "Packet switching", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "Packet switching contrasts", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches", "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "Packet mode communication", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "Packet mode communication", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "265, later published as RAND report P-2626", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "265, later published as RAND report P-2626", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "265, later published as RAND report P-2626", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "Baran developed the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "265, later published as RAND report P-2626", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "Baran developed the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "265, later published as RAND report P-2626", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "Baran developed the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", "5726378238643c19005ad313": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", "5726378238643c19005ad314": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", "5726378238643c19005ad315": " ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", "5726385e271a42140099d797": " virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the end-user by a transport layer protocol, although intermediate network nodes only provides a connectionless network layer service", "5726385e271a42140099d798": " individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address", "5726385e271a42140099d799": " virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the end-user by a transport layer protocol, although intermediate network nodes only provides a connectionless network layer service", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": " destination address", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": " setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication. The packets include a connection identifier rather than address", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": " setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication. The packets include a connection identifier rather than address", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": " setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": " a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication. The packets include a connection identifier rather than address", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": " handshake", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": " Any retransmissions must be carried out by higher layer protocols. The X.25 UNI", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": " handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted. Frame Relay does not define any such handshakes", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": " handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted. Frame Relay does not define any such handshakes", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": " Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": " Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": " Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": " Two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": " local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "The CYCLADES", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "The CYCLADES", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "The CYCLADES", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "ET architecture", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": " Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": " Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": " Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": " Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": " four computer sales and service centers", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix)", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": " Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014which used a computer on loan from GE\u2014could be profitable. Warner was right.)", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": " four computer sales and service centers", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": " Triad to explore computer networking", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": " Network, Inc", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": " Merit's role in the NSFNET", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": " CCITT", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": " ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": " CCITT", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": " CCITT", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": " ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": " public networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": " public networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": " networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": " private networks were often connected via gateways", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": " public network to reach locations not on the private network", "572643de5951261400b5195a": " Deutsche Bundespost. X.75", "572643de5951261400b5195b": " Deutsche Bundespost. X.75", "572643de5951261400b5195c": " Deutsche Bundespost. X.75", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": " Telstra", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": " Telstra", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": " Telstra", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": " Telepad", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": " Telepad", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": " Telepad", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": " PTT Telecom", "5726462b708984140094c117": "CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation", "5726462b708984140094c118": " Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation", "5726462b708984140094c119": " Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": " Abilene, in 1998", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": " Level 3 Communications", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": " Abilene, in 1998", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": " Level 3 Communications", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": " Abilene, in 1998", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": " 45 Mbit/s (T3) that were constructed to support NSF's networking initiatives from 1985-1995", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": " 45 Mbit/s (T3) that were constructed to support NSF's networking initiatives from 1985-1995", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": " 45 Mbit/s (T3) that were constructed to support NSF's networking initiatives from 1985-1995", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network", "572648d1708984140094c15e": " Backbone Network", "572648d1708984140094c15f": " MCI Telecommunications under a cooperative agreement with the NSF. By 1998, the vBNS had grown to connect more than 100 universities", "572648d1708984140094c160": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network", "572648d1708984140094c161": " Backbone Network", "57264684708984140094c123": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia", "57264684708984140094c124": " 1343", "57264684708984140094c125": "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia", "57264684708984140094c126": " 1343", "57264684708984140094c127": " 1343", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "The plague", "572647935951b619008f6eca": " 1338\u201339", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": " 1338\u201339 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": " ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": " 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": " 1347", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Plague was reportedly first introduced to Europe via Genoese traders at the port city of Kaffa", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "ague was reportedly first introduced to Europe via Genoese traders at the port city of Kaffa", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": " Crimea", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": " traders at the port city of Kaffa", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": " June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany and Scandinavia from 1348 to 1350", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": " June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany and Scandinavia from 1348 to 1350", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": " June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany and Scandinavia from 1348 to 1350", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": " France, Spain, Portugal and England by June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany and Scandinavia from 1348 to 1350", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": " June 1348, then turned and spread east through Germany and Scandinavia from 1348 to 1350", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": " By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": " By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": " By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople", "57264a74708984140094c18b": " 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. Pontanus", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "1908) claimed that the Latin name atra", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1908) claimed that the Latin name atra", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "Gasquet", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": " the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": " Hong Kong in 1894", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": " Hong Kong in 1894", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "The dominant explanation for the Black Death", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": " Black Death", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "The dominant explanation for the Black Death", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": " Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": " 541 to 700 CE", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": " 1908", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": " 541 to 700 CE", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": " Francis Aidan", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": " 30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": " blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": " blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": " 30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": " Septicemic plague", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": " tooth sockets in human skeletons", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": " tooth sockets in human skeletons", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": " tooth sockets in human skeletons", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": " tooth sockets in human skeletons", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": " tooth sockets in human skeletons", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "The study also found that there were two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": " plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille around November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": " two waves. Surveys of plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille around November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": " November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": " two waves. Surveys of plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille around November 1347", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": " A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": " Smithfield burial site in England, Schuenemann et al. concluded in 2011", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended. Based on genetic evidence", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": " A study published in Nature in October 2011 sequenced the genome of Y. pestis", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": ". F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": ". F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": ". F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726516a708984140094c223": " 1377", "5726516a708984140094c224": " 1377", "5726516a708984140094c225": " 1377", "5726516a708984140094c226": " 1377", "5726516a708984140094c227": " 1377", "57265285708984140094c25b": " a bubonic plague pandemic", "57265285708984140094c25c": " a bubonic plague", "57265285708984140094c25d": " a bubonic plague pandemic", "57265285708984140094c25e": " bubonic plague", "57265285708984140094c25f": " mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats", "5726534d708984140094c26d": " Archaeologist Barney Sloane has argued that there is insufficient evidence of the extinction of a large number of rats", "5726534d708984140094c26e": " Archaeologist Barney Sloane has argued that there is insufficient evidence of the extinction of a large number of rats", "5726534d708984140094c26f": " Archaeologist Barney Sloane has argued that there is insufficient evidence of the extinction of a large number of rats", "5726534d708984140094c270": " Archaeologist Barney Sloane has argued that there is insufficient evidence of the extinction of a large number of rats", "5726534d708984140094c271": " Archaeologist Barney Sloane has argued that there is insufficient evidence of the extinction of a large number of rats", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": " a third. The Black Death", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "The most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East, including Iraq", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "The most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East, including Iraq, Iran and Syria", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "The most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East, including Iraq", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "The most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East, including Iraq, Iran and Syria", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": " 1360\u201363", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": " 1360\u201363", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": " 1360\u201363", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": " 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": " 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": " 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": " 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300, and a postincident population figure as low as 2 million", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": " 1576", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": " 1576", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": " 1576", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": " 1576", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": " 1576", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": " 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": " 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": " 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": " 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": " 1720", "5726577f708984140094c301": " Black Death", "5726577f708984140094c302": "The Black Death", "5726577f708984140094c303": " Black Death", "5726577f708984140094c304": " Black Death", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": " magma. When a rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava), it is an igneous rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": " magma. When a rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava), it is an igneous rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": " magma. When a rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava), it is an igneous rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": " magma. When a rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava), it is an igneous rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": " magma. When a rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava), it is an igneous rock", "57265d08708984140094c397": " tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c398": " tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c399": " tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c39a": " plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c39b": " tectonics", "57265f605951b619008f70db": " plate tectonics", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": " hydrothermal vents and volcanoes exist, were explained as divergent boundaries, where two plates move apart. Arcs", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": " plate tectonics", "57265f605951b619008f70de": " plate tectonics", "57265f605951b619008f70df": " hydrothermal vents and volcanoes exist, were explained as divergent boundaries, where two plates move apart. Arcs", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": " a crust and lithosphere", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": " a crust and lithosphere", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": " a much more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": " Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": " Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": " Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": " Holocene", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": " thrust fault", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": " thrust fault", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": " thrust fault", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": " lava flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in the matrix. As a result, xenoliths are older than the rock which contains them", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": " lava flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in the matrix. As a result, xenoliths are older than the rock which contains them", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": " clasts) are found in a formation, then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": " clasts) are found in a formation, then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": " A similar situation with igneous rocks", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": " a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, the principles of succession were developed independently of evolutionary thought", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": " fossilization", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": " fossilization", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": " fossilization", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": " a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, the principles of succession were developed independently of evolutionary thought", "57266c015951b619008f7237": " 20th", "57266c015951b619008f7238": " fossil sequences in which there was datable material, converting the old relative ages into new absolute ages", "57266c015951b619008f7239": " rock units, and these absolute dates could be applied to fossil sequences in which there was datable material, converting the old relative ages into new absolute ages", "57266c015951b619008f723a": " rock units, and these absolute dates could be applied to fossil sequences in which there was datable material, converting the old relative ages into new absolute ages", "57266c015951b619008f723b": " rock units, and these absolute dates could be applied to fossil sequences in which there was datable material, converting the old relative ages into new absolute ages", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": " lava and volcanic ash layers", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": " lava and volcanic ash layers", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": " lava and volcanic ash layers", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": " lava and volcanic ash layers found within a stratigraphic sequence can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units which do not contain radioactive isotopes", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": " anticlines and synclines", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": " drag folds as slip occurs along the fault.", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": " anticlines and synclines", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": " anticlines and synclines", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": " anticlines", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": " lenses", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": " Rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched are often also metamorphosed. These stretched rocks can also pinch into lenses", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": " Rocks at the depth to be ductile", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": " lenses", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": " lenses", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "ikes", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "The addition of new rock units, both depositionally and intrusively", "572673f5708984140094c69d": " sediment, and continues to create accommodation space for the material to deposit. Deformational events are often also associated with volcanism", "572673f5708984140094c69e": " sediment, and continues to create accommodation space for the material to deposit. Deformational events are often also associated with volcanism", "572673f5708984140094c69f": " ashes and lavas", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": " lava flows", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": " Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": " Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment", "572677e7708984140094c723": "Geologists use a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", "572677e7708984140094c724": "Geologists use a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", "572677e7708984140094c725": "Geologists use a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", "572677e7708984140094c726": "Geologists use a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": " Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": " electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": " Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": " Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks in the laboratory are through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": " electron microprobe", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "Petrologists can also use fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "Petrologists can also use fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "Petrologists can also use fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": " rock deformation in large and small settings.", "57267d52708984140094c7da": " rock deformation in large and small settings.", "57267d52708984140094c7db": " rock deformation", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": " large and small settings.", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": " pressure, temperature, space, and time", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": " tectonic plate boundaries", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": " tectonic plate boundaries", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": " tectonic plate boundaries", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": " tectonic plate boundaries", "57268066708984140094c821": " three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", "57268066708984140094c822": " three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", "57268066708984140094c823": " three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", "57268066708984140094c824": " three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", "57268066708984140094c825": " three dimensions. Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": " rock samples from outcrop and drill cores", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": " Magnetic stratigraphers look for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within the drill cores", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": " rock samples from outcrop and drill cores for the fossils found in them", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": " rock samples from outcrop and drill cores", "572683f95951b619008f7525": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7526": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7527": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7528": " Fielding H. Garrison", "572683f95951b619008f7529": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia", "57268527708984140094c8bf": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "57268527708984140094c8c0": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "57268527708984140094c8c1": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "57268527708984140094c8c2": " 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": " Smith's geological map of England", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": " Smith's geological map of England", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": " Smith's geological map of England", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": " Smith's geological map of England", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": " Smith's geological map of England", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": " uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": " uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": " uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": " uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": " uniformitarianism", "5726642f5951b619008f7157": " 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh", "5726642f5951b619008f7158": " 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh", "5726642f5951b619008f7159": " Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland", "5726642f5951b619008f715a": "umberland", "5726642f5951b619008f715b": " Geordie", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": " Pons Aelius", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": " Pons Aelius", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": " Pons Aelius", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": " Pons Aelius", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": " Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": " 73 miles", "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": " 73 miles", "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": " Tyne. It was given the family name of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who founded it in the 2nd century AD", "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": " 73 miles", "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": " 73 miles", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": " Incorporated first by Henry II", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": " Incorporated first by Henry II, the city had a new charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": " three times during the 14th century, and was created a county corporate with its own sheriff by Henry IV", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": " three times during the 14th century, and was created a county corporate with its own sheriff by Henry IV", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": " three times during the 14th century", "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal", "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal", "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal", "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal", "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": " 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of coal", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": " 47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic; this may also have been the most devastating loss in any British City in this period", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": " coal from the river banks to the waiting colliers", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": " 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": " 1636, it is roughly estimated with evidence held by the Society of Antiquaries that 47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic", "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": " 47% of the then population of Newcastle died from the epidemic; this may also have been the most devastating loss in any British City in this period", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": " Cromwell's allies, the Scots, captured the town of Newburn", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": " The grateful King bestowed the motto \"Fortiter Defendit Triumphans\" (\"Triumphing by a brave defence\") upon the town. Charles I", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": " Cromwell's allies, the Scots, captured the town of Newburn", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": " The grateful King bestowed the motto \"Fortiter Defendit Triumphans\" (\"Triumphing by a brave defence\") upon the town. Charles I", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": "7", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": " heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": " Victorian industrial revolution", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": " heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": " heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": " 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": " Sandhill and Quayside contain modern buildings as well as structures dating from the 15th\u201318th centuries", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": "airs", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": " Castle Keep", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "ayside contain modern buildings as well as structures dating from the 15th\u201318th centuries", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "airs", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": " neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": " neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": " neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": " neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": " neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": " Shearer, the late Nelson Mandela and the Royal Shakespeare Company. The Hoppings funfair", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": " Shearer, the late Nelson Mandela and the Royal Shakespeare Company. The Hoppings funfair", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": " green space in Newcastle is the Town Moor", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": " Shearer, the late Nelson Mandela and the Royal Shakespeare Company. The Hoppings funfair", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": " Harald V of Norway, Bobby Robson, Alan Shearer, the late Nelson Mandela and the Royal Shakespeare Company. The Hoppings funfair", "57267076708984140094c601": " tilting bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge", "57267076708984140094c602": " tilting bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", "57267076708984140094c603": " Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", "57267076708984140094c604": " tilting bridge, the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council", "57267076708984140094c605": " 2008", "572671165951b619008f72b7": " 450 buildings, 244 are listed, of which 29", "572671165951b619008f72b8": " 450 buildings, 244 are listed, of which 29", "572671165951b619008f72b9": " 450 buildings, 244 are listed, of which 29", "572671165951b619008f72ba": " 450 buildings, 244", "572671e55951b619008f72d7": " 1808 called the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72d8": "The Grainger Market replaced an earlier market originally built in 1808 called the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72d9": " 1808 called the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72da": " 1808 called the Butcher Market", "572671e55951b619008f72db": " 1954", "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "The climate in Newcastle is oceanic (K\u00f6ppen Cfb)", "57267383dd62a815002e8553": " North Atlantic Drift). Being in the rain shadow of the North Pennines", "57267383dd62a815002e8554": " North Pennines, it is among the driest cities in the UK", "57267383dd62a815002e8555": " Newcastle Weather Centre", "57267383dd62a815002e8556": " oceanic (K\u00f6ppen Cfb)", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": " bus station, replacing the old underground bus station, was officially opened in March 2007", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": " Eldon Square Shopping Centre, one of the largest city centre shopping complexes in the UK", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": " bus station, replacing the old underground bus station, was officially opened in March 2007", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": " bus station, replacing the old underground bus station, was officially opened in March 2007", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": " March 2007", "5726769c708984140094c711": " Tesco store", "5726769c708984140094c712": " Tesco store", "5726769c708984140094c713": " Tesco store in the United Kingdom", "5726769c708984140094c714": " Tesco store", "5726769c708984140094c715": " Tesco store", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": " Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": " new development in the Ouse", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "The Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "The Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": " Tyneside flat", "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": " 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": " five colour-coded brackets at 5.9", "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": " five colour-coded brackets at 5.9", "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": " 7.8%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats and waterside apartments", "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": " five colour-coded brackets at 5.9", "572679c35951b619008f73db": " 189,863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442", "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000", "572679c35951b619008f73dd": "863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442", "572679c35951b619008f73de": "863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442", "572679c35951b619008f73df": "863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": " 37.8", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": " Border Reiver", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": " Border Reiver", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": " Border Reiver", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": " Border Reiver", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": " Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": " Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": " Imperial rule. This language was the forerunner of Modern English", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": " Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": " Geordie", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": " Geordie", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "hyem\", meaning \"child\" and \"home\", respectively, are examples of Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": " Geordie", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": " Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": " Geordie", "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": " 80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": " 80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": " 80.4 decibels", "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": " Ear Institute at the University College London, and Widex", "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": " 80.4 decibels", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": " Bigg Market", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": " Bigg Market", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": " Bigg Market", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": " gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle'", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": " Bigg Market", "57267f695951b619008f74bd": " 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74be": " 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74bf": " 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74c0": " 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74c1": " 1788", "5726800add62a815002e8750": "ateshead", "5726800add62a815002e8751": "ateshead", "5726800add62a815002e8752": " Live Theatre, the People's Theatre and the Jubilee Theatre. NewcastleGateshead", "5726800add62a815002e8753": " Live Theatre, the People's Theatre and the Jubilee Theatre. NewcastleGateshead", "5726800add62a815002e8754": " Live Theatre, the People's Theatre and the Jubilee Theatre. NewcastleGateshead was voted in 2006 as the arts capital of the UK", "572680865951b619008f74e7": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", "572680865951b619008f74e8": " 10,000 LPs", "572680865951b619008f74e9": " 1793 and founded as a \u2018conversation club", "572680865951b619008f74ea": " 1793 and founded as a \u2018conversation club,\u2019 its lecture theatre was the first public building to be lit by electric light", "572680865951b619008f74eb": " 1793 and founded as a \u2018conversation club", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": " Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": "The Newcastle Beer Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": " Temperance Movement during the early 1880s and coincides with the annual race week at High Gosforth Park. Newcastle Community Green Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": " Temperance Movement during the early 1880s and coincides with the annual race week at High Gosforth Park. Newcastle Community Green Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": " Temperance Movement during the early 1880s and coincides with the annual race week at High Gosforth Park. Newcastle Community Green Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": " Temperance Movement during the early 1880s and coincides with the annual race week at High Gosforth Park. Newcastle Community Green Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": " Community Green Festival", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": " Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": " Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": " Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": " Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": " Punjabi, Pakistani, Bengali and Hindu cultures. NewcastleGateshead", "5726847f708984140094c8ab": " Geordie ex-footballer Paul Gascoigne in 1990. Venom", "5726847f708984140094c8ac": " Venom", "5726847f708984140094c8ad": " Venom", "5726847f708984140094c8ae": " Venom", "5726847f708984140094c8af": " Venom", "57268525dd62a815002e8806": " November 2006 and May 2008", "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished between November 2006 and May 2008", "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished between November 2006 and May 2008", "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished between November 2006 and May 2008", "57268525dd62a815002e880a": " November 2006 and May 2008", "57268692dd62a815002e8826": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268692dd62a815002e8827": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268692dd62a815002e8828": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268692dd62a815002e8829": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268692dd62a815002e882a": " Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": "1939", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": " Get Carter", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "1939", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": "1939", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": "1939", "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": " Tyne Bridge into Gateshead and then towards the finish line 13.", "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": " Diamonds", "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": " Diamonds", "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": " Tyne Bridge into Gateshead and then towards the finish line 13.", "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "9.5 km) Blaydon Race (a road race from Newcastle to Blaydon), which has taken place on 9 June annually since 1981", "57268885dd62a815002e886a": " five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK, expecting to reach 10 million passengers by 2016", "57268885dd62a815002e886b": " five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK, expecting to reach 10 million passengers by 2016", "57268885dd62a815002e886c": " five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK, expecting to reach 10 million passengers by 2016", "57268885dd62a815002e886d": " five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK, expecting to reach 10 million passengers by 2016", "57268885dd62a815002e886e": " five million passengers per year, and is the tenth largest, and the fastest growing regional airport in the UK, expecting to reach 10 million passengers by 2016", "572689385951b619008f761b": " neoclassical fa\u00e7ade, originally designed by the architect John Dobson", "572689385951b619008f761c": " Opened in 1850", "572689385951b619008f761d": " Opened in 1850 by Queen Victoria, it was the first covered railway station in the world", "572689385951b619008f761e": " neoclassical fa\u00e7ade, originally designed by the architect John Dobson", "572689385951b619008f761f": " neoclassical fa\u00e7ade, originally designed by the architect John Dobson", "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": " Virgin Trains East", "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": " Virgin Trains", "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": " Virgin Trains East Coast", "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": " Virgin Trains East Coast", "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": " Virgin Trains East Coast", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": " Metro", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": " Tyne and Wear. It was opened in five phases between 1980 and 1984", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": " bridge", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": " bridge was built across the Tyne, between Newcastle and Gateshead, and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1981", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": " 37 million passengers a year", "57268bb25951b619008f7645": " ticket machines", "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization, entitled 'Metro: All Change", "57268bb25951b619008f7647": " ticket machines", "57268bb25951b619008f7648": " ticket machines", "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "The system is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization, entitled 'Metro: All Change", "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": " A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19", "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": "Major roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19", "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "Major roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19", "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": " A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London", "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": " A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": " Eldon Square bus station. Arriva mainly operates from Haymarket Bus Station", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": " 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East", "57269120708984140094ca59": " 1998", "57269120708984140094ca5a": " 1998", "57269120708984140094ca5b": " city congestion; educating that cycling promotes healthy living\u2026", "57269120708984140094ca5c": " busier streets; innovating and implementing contraflows on one way streets", "57269120708984140094ca5d": " city congestion; educating that cycling promotes healthy living\u2026", "5726934f5951b619008f771d": " Gothenburg, Sweden, ceased at the end of October 2006", "5726934f5951b619008f771e": " October 2006", "5726934f5951b619008f771f": " October 2006", "5726934f5951b619008f7720": " October 2006", "5726934f5951b619008f7721": " Gothenburg, Sweden, ceased at the end of October 2006", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": " a number of successful state schools", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": " 11 to 18 schools", "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": " LEA", "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": " LEA-", "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": " LEA-", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": " 1 August 1963 to form the University of Newcastle upon Tyne", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": " 1 August 1963 to form the University of Newcastle upon Tyne", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": " 1 August 1963 to form the University of Newcastle upon Tyne", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": "umbria University was voted 'Best New University' by The Times Good University Guide 2005", "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": " 1 August 1963 to form the University of Newcastle upon Tyne", "572699b55951b619008f778f": " cathedrals began their lives as parish churches. St Mary's became a cathedral in 1850", "572699b55951b619008f7790": " 1474", "572699b55951b619008f7791": " 1474, the Roman Catholic St. Mary's designed by Augustus Welby", "572699b55951b619008f7792": " 1474, the Roman Catholic St. Mary's designed by Augustus Welby", "572699b55951b619008f7793": " 1474, the Roman Catholic St. Mary's designed by Augustus Welby", "57269b165951b619008f77b3": " Saxon times", "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "The Parish Church of St Andrew is traditionally recognised as 'the oldest church in this town'. The present building was begun in the 12th Century", "57269b165951b619008f77b5": " Saxon times", "57269b165951b619008f77b6": " Saxon times", "57269b165951b619008f77b7": " Three of the cannonballs remain on site as testament to the siege.", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": " January 1959", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": " MetroCentre in Gateshead. The entrance to studio 5", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": " Tyne Tees", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": " Tyne Tees", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": " Tyne Tees", "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77da": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77db": "NE1fm", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": " 1709 and died there in 1770. Basil Hume", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": " 1709 and died there in 1770", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": " 1770. Basil Hume", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": " 1709 and died there in 1770. Basil Hume", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Charles Avison", "57269fab5951b619008f7807": "Musicians Eric Burdon, Sting", "57269fab5951b619008f7808": "Musicians Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler, Alan Hull, Cheryl Cole and Neil Tennant", "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "Musicians Eric Burdon, Sting", "57269fab5951b619008f780a": "Musicians Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler", "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "Musicians Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler, Alan Hull, Cheryl Cole and Neil Tennant", "5726710b708984140094c61d": " over 4.5 million objects", "5726710b708984140094c61e": "The Victoria and Albert Museum", "5726710b708984140094c61f": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", "5726710b708984140094c620": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", "572680ac708984140094c83d": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. The V&A is located in the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington", "572680ac708984140094c83e": " over 4.5 million objects", "572680ac708984140094c83f": " over 4.5 million objects", "572680ac708984140094c840": " 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", "572680ac708984140094c841": "The Victoria and Albert Museum", "57268294708984140094c877": " 12.5 acres", "57268294708984140094c878": " 12.5 acres", "57268294708984140094c879": " 12.5 acres", "57268294708984140094c87a": " 145 galleries", "57268294708984140094c87b": " 12.5 acres", "572685cd5951b619008f7573": " 1851", "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "The V&A has its origins in the Great Exhibition of 1851", "572685cd5951b619008f7575": " V&A has its origins in the Great Exhibition of 1851", "572685cd5951b619008f7576": " Somerset House", "572685cd5951b619008f7577": "fried Semper, at the request of Cole, produced a design for the museum, but it was rejected by the Board", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": "High Art\" at the National Gallery and scholarship at the British Museum. George Wallis", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": " 22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": "High Art\" at the National Gallery and scholarship at the British Museum. George Wallis", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "High Art\" at the National Gallery and scholarship at the British Museum. George Wallis", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": " 1949", "57268f2c708984140094ca25": " November 1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca26": " a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", "57268f2c708984140094ca27": " a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944", "57268f2c708984140094ca28": " 1944", "57268f2c708984140094ca29": " exhibition was held between September and November 1946", "572691d7708984140094ca6d": " concert", "572691d7708984140094ca6e": " directorship of Roy Strong", "572691d7708984140094ca6f": " a hallmark of the directorship of Roy Strong", "572691d7708984140094ca70": " 500 years later. This innovative approach to bringing young people to museums was a hallmark of the directorship of Roy Strong", "57269656708984140094cafd": " Dundee", "57269656708984140094cafe": " University of Dundee, University of Abertay", "57269656708984140094caff": "ee City Council", "57269656708984140094cb00": "ee City Council", "57269656708984140094cb01": "ee City Council", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": "57", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": " 1857", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": " Tate Gallery) and now used as the picture galleries and tapestry gallery respectively. The North and South Courts", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": " opened by June 1862", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": " Tate Gallery) and now used as the picture galleries and tapestry gallery respectively. The North and South Courts", "57269c06708984140094cba1": " Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", "57269c06708984140094cba2": " Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", "57269c06708984140094cba3": " Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", "57269c06708984140094cba4": "coes by Lord Leighton: Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", "57269c06708984140094cba5": " Industrial Arts as Applied to War 1878", "57269d68708984140094cbd7": " three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866\u201368 was the work of Philip Webb and William Morris", "57269d68708984140094cbd8": " three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866\u201368 was the work of Philip Webb and William Morris", "57269d68708984140094cbd9": " Green Dining Room 1866\u201368 was the work of Philip Webb and William Morris", "57269d68708984140094cbda": " 1929. The Grill Room 1876", "57269d68708984140094cbdb": " three refreshment rooms were assigned to different designers. The Green Dining Room 1866\u201368 was the work of Philip Webb and William Morris", "5726a0205951b619008f781b": " Fowke, Royal Engineers the next architect to work at the museum was Colonel (later Major General) Henry Young Darracott Scott", "5726a0205951b619008f781c": " five-storey School for Naval Architects (also known as the science schools), now the Henry Cole Wing in 1867", "5726a0205951b619008f781d": " Francis Fowke, Royal Engineers the next architect to work at the museum was Colonel (later Major General) Henry Young Darracott Scott", "5726a0205951b619008f781e": " five-storey School for Naval Architects (also known as the science schools), now the Henry Cole Wing in 1867\u201372", "5726a0205951b619008f781f": " 2008", "5726a2445951b619008f7861": " Scott also designed the two Cast Courts 1870\u201373", "5726a2445951b619008f7862": " Scott also designed the two Cast Courts 1870\u201373", "5726a2445951b619008f7863": " 1870\u201373", "5726a2445951b619008f7864": " Scott also designed the two Cast Courts 1870\u201373", "5726a2445951b619008f7865": " Scott also designed the two Cast Courts 1870\u201373", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": "220 m) along Cromwell Gardens and was designed by Aston Webb", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": " Portland stone", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "220 m", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": " pier is Romanesque", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": " pier is Romanesque", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": " twin entrances, Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": " four levels of galleries", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": " arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "Prince Albert appears within the main arch above the twin entrances, Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": " twin entrances, Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": " 1966 and 1967. This involved flooring over Aston Webb's main hall", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": " 1966", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": " 1966 and 1967. This involved flooring over Aston Webb's main hall", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": " 1966", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": " 1966", "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": " iron work", "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": " iron work, the main glass galleries and the main silverware gallery which was further enhanced in 2002", "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": " iron work", "5726afeb708984140094cdda": " Silver Gallery, Contemporary; in 2003: Photography, the main entrance, The Painting Galleries", "5726afeb708984140094cddb": " iron work", "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": " Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": " Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": " Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden, on 5 July 2005", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": " Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": " Kim Wilkie", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": " over 600,000 drawings, over 750,000 papers", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "&A alongside Royal Institute of British Architects opened the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": " over 600,000 drawings, over 750,000 papers", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": " V&A alongside Royal Institute of British Architects opened the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": " over 600,000 drawings, over 750,000 papers", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": " 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": " over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": " 1523\u201335", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": " 1523", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": " 1523\u201335", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": "umberland house. European examples include a dormer window dated 1523\u201335", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": " 1523\u201335", "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": " 20th century. The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": " 1731", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": " 1731", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": " 1731", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": " 1909. Examples of tile work from various buildings including a fireplace dated 1731", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": " 10,000 textiles", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": " 10,000 textiles and 6000 paintings", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": " 10,000 textiles", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": " 10,000 textiles", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": " 10,000 textiles", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": "750 AD", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": " Two large ancestor portraits of a husband and wife painted in watercolour on silk date from the 18th century", "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": "750 AD", "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": "750 AD", "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "750 AD", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": " steel sword blades (Katana), Inr\u014d, lacquerware including the Mazarin Chest dated c1640", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": " 1550 to 1900", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": " 1550 to 1900", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": " 1550 to 1900", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": " steel sword blades (Katana), Inr\u014d, lacquerware including the Mazarin Chest dated c1640", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": " Tibetan art from the 14th to the 19th century", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": " 6th to 19th centuries", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": " 6th to 19th centuries", "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": " 6th to 19th centuries", "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": " 6th to 19th centuries", "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": " 1490 and 1505", "5726c9a4708984140094d170": " 1490 and 1505", "5726c9a4708984140094d171": " 18,000 books to the museum in 1876", "5726c9a4708984140094d172": " 18,000 books to the museum in 1876", "5726c9a4708984140094d173": " 1876", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": " Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": " Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": " 12th to 16th centuries", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": " Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": " Beatrix Potter", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": " Encoded Archival Description", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": " Encoded Archival Description", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": " Encoded Archival Description", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": " Encoded Archival Description", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": " Encoded Archival Description", "5726cfa3708984140094d209": " 2007", "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": " 15", "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": " 15", "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": " 15,000 images were taken during the first year of the Factory Project", "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": " 15", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": " patrons, as well as imports from Asia, including porcelain, cloth and wallpaper", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": "ain, cloth and wallpaper", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": "ain, cloth and wallpaper", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": "ain, cloth and wallpaper", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "ain, cloth and wallpaper", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": " a large display", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": " a large display", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": " a large display", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": " a large display", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": " a large display", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": " Trajan's Column", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": " two earlier Davids", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": " two earlier Davids", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": " Trajan's Column", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": " Trajan's Column", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": " 1731", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": " 1762 by Frederick II the Great. Ceramics", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": " 1762", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": " 1909", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": " 1909, which enriched the museum's stock of Chinese and Japanese ceramics. This bequest forms part of the finest collection of East Asian pottery", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": " De Morgan and Bernard Leach", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": " potters, such as Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": " potters, such as Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": " potters, such as Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": " potters, such as Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": "The glass collection covers 4000 years", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": " over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": " Egypt", "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": " over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": " over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": " silverware starting in the 12th century and continuing to the present. Some of the most outstanding stained glass, dated 1243", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": " silverware starting in the 12th century and continuing to the present. Some of the most outstanding stained glass, dated 1243", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": " silverware starting in the 12th century and continuing to the present. Some of the most outstanding stained glass, dated 1243", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": " silverware starting in the 12th century and continuing to the present. Some of the most outstanding stained glass, dated 1243", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": " 1243", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": " over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": " 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": " over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": " over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": " over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": "&A received the Talbot Hughes collection containing 1,442 costumes", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": " Word and Image department", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": " Harrods", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": " Talbot Hughes collection containing 1,442 costumes", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": " Harrods", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": " 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": " 178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": " 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": " Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": " Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes", "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "1780", "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "1780", "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "1780", "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "1780", "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": "1780", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": " 1580", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": " 1580", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "1750", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": " 1580 from Antwerp City Hall", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": " 1580 from Antwerp City Hall", "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": " over 6000 items is one of the finest and most comprehensive collections of jewellery in the world and includes works dating from Ancient Egypt", "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": " over 6000 items is one of the finest and most comprehensive collections of jewellery in the world and includes works dating from Ancient Egypt", "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": " 154 gems", "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": " 154 gems", "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": " 24 May 2008", "5726ee28708984140094d656": " 1496", "5726ee28708984140094d657": " 1496\u201397", "5726ee28708984140094d658": " 1496", "5726ee28708984140094d659": " 1496", "5726ee28708984140094d655": " 1496", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": " bronze casting. Also of importance is the Becket Casket dated c1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": " bronze casting. Also of importance is the Becket Casket dated c1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": " bronze casting. Also of importance is the Becket Casket dated c1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "1180", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": " bronze casting. Also of importance is the Becket Casket dated c1180", "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": " over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led to Chris Smith asking Parliament about the future of the collection. The answer, from Bryan Davies", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": " closed 25 February 2010", "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": " 25 February 2010", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": " 1522", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": " 1522", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": " 1522", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": " 1522", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": " 1522", "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": " 1888", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": " Tate Britain", "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": " 1888", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": " 1888", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": " 1888", "5726f755708984140094d737": " 1758", "5726f755708984140094d738": " 1758", "5726f755708984140094d739": " 1758", "5726f755708984140094d73a": " 1758", "5726f90b708984140094d75d": " 1887", "5726f90b708984140094d75e": " 1887", "5726f90b708984140094d75f": " 1887", "5726f90b708984140094d760": " 1887", "5726f90b708984140094d761": " Animal Locomotion of 1887", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": " 400 AD to 1914", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": " 400 AD to 1914", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": " 1914", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": " 400 AD to 1914", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": " National Galleries of Scotland", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": " Three Graces, which the museum jointly owns", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": " Three Graces, which the museum jointly owns", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": " Three Graces, which the museum jointly owns", "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": " Three Graces, which the museum jointly owns", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": " 20 works in the museum collection, making it one of the largest collections of the sculptor's work outside France", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": " 1914, as acknowledgement of Britain's support of France in World War I, although the statue of St John the Baptist had been purchased in 1902", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": " 1914", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": " 1914, as acknowledgement of Britain's support of France in World War I", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": " 1914, as acknowledgement of Britain's support of France in World War I, although the statue of St John the Baptist", "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Sculptors both British and Europeans who were based in Britain", "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": "Sculptors both British and Europeans who were based in Britain and whose work is in the collection include Nicholas Stone", "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "Sculptors both British and Europeans who were based in Britain", "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "Sculptors both British and Europeans", "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": " Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein along with other of their contemporaries are now on view. These galleries concentrate on works dated 1600 to 1950", "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": " 1950", "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": " 1600 to 1950", "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": " 1600 to 1950", "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": " 1600 to 1950", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": " 53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": "oth of St Gereon", "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "oth of St Gereon", "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": "oth of St Gereon", "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "oth of St Gereon", "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "oth of St Gereon", "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": " 14th-century Sicilian Tristan Quilt, is also held by the collection. The collection has numerous examples of various types of textiles", "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": " Sicilian Tristan Quilt, is also held by the collection. The collection has numerous examples of various types of textiles designed by William Morris", "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": " 14th", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": " Sicilian Tristan Quilt", "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": " Sicilian Tristan Quilt", "57270817708984140094d8c7": " March 2009", "57270817708984140094d8c8": " March 2009", "57270817708984140094d8c9": " March 2009", "57270817708984140094d8ca": " V&A Theatre & Performance", "57270817708984140094d8cb": " March 2009", "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "Conservation", "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "Conservation", "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "Conservation", "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "Conservation", "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "Conservation", "57267b755951b619008f7433": "The American Broadcasting Company (ABC", "57267b755951b619008f7434": "The American Broadcasting Company (ABC", "57267b755951b619008f7435": " 66th Street in Manhattan", "57267b755951b619008f7436": " 66th Street in Manhattan", "57267b755951b619008f7437": " Walt Disney Company", "57267ca75951b619008f7469": " October 12, 1943 as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network", "57267ca75951b619008f746a": " October 12, 1943 as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network", "57267ca75951b619008f746b": " October 12, 1943 as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network", "57267ca75951b619008f746c": " October 12, 1943 as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network", "57267ca75951b619008f746d": " October 12, 1943 as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": " ABC affiliate", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": " 2007", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": "The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": " 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories. Most Canadians have access to at least one U.S.-based ABC affiliate", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": " 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories. Most Canadians have access to at least one U.S.-based ABC affiliate", "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": " Radio Corporation of America", "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": " Radio Corporation", "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": " Radio Corporation", "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": " Radio Corporation", "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": " Radio Corporation", "572681ab708984140094c85d": " Mutual filed a complaint with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regarding its difficulties in establishing new stations", "572681ab708984140094c85e": " 1940", "572681ab708984140094c85f": " 1940", "572681ab708984140094c860": " stations, in a radio market that was already being saturated by NBC and CBS", "572681ab708984140094c861": " stations, in a radio market that was already being saturated by NBC and CBS", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": " January 8, 1942", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": " January 8, 1942", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": " $7.5 million to purchase the network, but the offer was rejected by Woods and RCA president David Sarnoff", "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": " January 8, 1942", "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": " Dillon, Read & Co.", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": " $8 million", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": " FCC's approval. The Commission authorized the transaction on October 12, 1943", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": "Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": "Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": "Edward John Noble", "57268739708984140094c8ed": " Magnetophon tape recorder", "57268739708984140094c8ee": " tape recorder", "57268739708984140094c8ef": " Magnetophon tape recorder", "57268739708984140094c8f0": " tape recorder", "57268739708984140094c8f1": " tape recorder", "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": " $155 million in June 2000", "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": " ESPN", "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": " Eurosport for $155 million in June 2000", "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": " Eurosport for $155 million in June 2000", "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": " ESPN network", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": " the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries; many governments also wanted to increase their independence and strengthen legislation to limit foreign ownership of broadcasting properties", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": " foreign ownership of broadcasting properties", "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": " foreign ownership of broadcasting properties. As a result, ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks, mainly in Japan and Latin America", "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": " Japan", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": " Queen Elizabeth II", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "The first attempts to internationalize the ABC television network date back to the 1950s", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": " Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": " June 1953", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": " June 1953", "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": " Peanuts television specials, having acquired the broadcast rights from CBS, which originated the specials in 1965", "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": " Academy Awards", "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": " Music Awards, Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": " Times Square was still featured within the coverage. ABC has also aired the Miss America pageant from 1954 to 1956", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": " Ryan Seacrest", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": " Times Square was still featured within the coverage. ABC has also aired the Miss America pageant from 1954 to 1956", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": " Times Square was still featured within the coverage. ABC has also aired the Miss America pageant from 1954 to 1956", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": " Times Square was still featured within the coverage. ABC has also aired the Miss America pageant from 1954 to 1956", "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": " Good Morning America", "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": " morning news program Good Morning America", "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": " Good Morning America", "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": " morning news program Good Morning America", "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": " morning news program Good Morning America", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": " 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "noons at any time from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": " weekend afternoons at any time from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": " 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": " 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time", "5726e860708984140094d579": " 7", "5726e860708984140094d57a": " 7", "5726e860708984140094d57b": " television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses", "5726e860708984140094d57c": " 7", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": " DuMont Television Network", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": " DuMont Television Network", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": " DuMont Television Network", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": " DuMont Television Network", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": " Noble held a 58% ownership stake in ABC", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": " Noble held a 58% ownership stake in ABC", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": " bankruptcy, with only five owned-and-operated stations and nine full-time affiliates", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": " Noble held a 58% ownership stake in ABC, giving him $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": " $5 million with which to prevent ABC from going bankrupt", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "Leonard Goldenson", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": "Leonard Goldenson", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": " June 6, 1951, the tentative agreement was approved by UPT's board", "5726ed12708984140094d645": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc", "5726ed12708984140094d646": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc", "5726ed12708984140094d647": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc", "5726ed12708984140094d648": " $25 million in shares. The merged company, renamed American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc.", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": " August 10", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": " August 10", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": " August 10", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": " May 5", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": " September 30, 1960, ABC premiered The Flintstones", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": " September 30", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": " September 30, 1960, ABC premiered The Flintstones", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": " September 30, 1960, ABC premiered The Flintstones", "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": " $7.5 million", "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": " $7.5 million and initiated discussions to renew ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents, which was due to expire in 1961", "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": " $7.5 million and initiated discussions to renew ABC's television contract for Walt Disney Presents, which was due to expire in 1961", "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": " 1985", "572734af708984140094dae3": " Troika", "572734af708984140094dae4": " Troika", "572734af708984140094dae5": " Troika", "572734af708984140094dae6": " Troika", "572735a15951b619008f86bf": " Pittard Sullivan, featuring a small black-and-white \"ABC Circle\" logo", "572735a15951b619008f86c0": " Pittard Sullivan, featuring a small black-and-white \"ABC Circle\" logo", "572735a15951b619008f86c1": " Pittard Sullivan, featuring a small black-and-white \"ABC Circle\" logo", "572735a15951b619008f86c2": " Pittard Sullivan, featuring a small black-and-white \"ABC Circle\" logo", "572736625951b619008f86d1": " Ten years later, in 1993, the \"ABC Circle", "572736625951b619008f86d2": " Ten years later, in 1993, the \"ABC Circle", "572736625951b619008f86d3": " Ten years later, in 1993, the \"ABC Circle", "572736625951b619008f86d4": " Ten years later, in 1993, the \"ABC Circle", "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": " gold letters, and as such, was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance", "572736fc5951b619008f86da": " gold letters, and as such, was the first ABC identification card", "572736fc5951b619008f86db": " gold letters, and as such, was the first ABC identification card", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": " Bauhaus typeface designed by Herbert Bayer", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": " Bauhaus typeface designed by Herbert Bayer", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": " Herbert Bayer in the 1920s", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": " lowercase letters \"abc\" enclosed in a single black circle", "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": " Radio", "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": " six divisions", "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": " six divisions", "57273954708984140094db05": " declined by ten ratings points, landing the network in fourth place, behind NBC, CBS and Fox", "57273954708984140094db06": " declined by ten ratings points, landing the network in fourth place, behind NBC, CBS and Fox", "57273954708984140094db07": " declined by ten ratings points, landing the network in fourth place, behind NBC, CBS and Fox", "57273954708984140094db08": " declined by ten ratings points, landing the network in fourth place, behind NBC, CBS and Fox", "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "Networks affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement in 2002", "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "Networks affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement in 2002", "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "Networks affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement", "57273a0d708984140094db10": "Networks affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement in 2002", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": " December 31, 1999", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": " December 31, 1999", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": " April 30", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": " April 30", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": " 2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": " Millionaire. 2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": " Millionaire. 2000", "57273c195951b619008f8721": " January 18", "57273c195951b619008f8722": " January 18, 2000. At its peak, the program aired as much as six nights a week", "57273c195951b619008f8723": " January 18", "57273c195951b619008f8724": " January 18", "57273d19708984140094db3d": " $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996", "57273d19708984140094db3e": " $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996", "57273d19708984140094db3f": " $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996", "57273d19708984140094db40": " $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996", "57273d19708984140094db41": " $19 billion. Disney shareholders approved the merger at a special conference in New York City on January 4, 1996", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": " three broadcast television networks. ABC", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": " three broadcast television networks", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": " financial problems", "57273ef15951b619008f8751": " WABC, WABC-FM", "57273ef15951b619008f8752": " May 1, 1953, ABC's New York City flagship stations \u2013 WJZ, WJZ-FM", "57273ef15951b619008f8753": " WABC, WABC-FM", "57273f9d708984140094db51": " DuMont Television Network", "57273f9d708984140094db52": " DuMont Television Network", "57273f9d708984140094db53": " DuMont Television Network", "57273f9d708984140094db54": " DuMont Television Network", "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": "1953 to provide content for the network by contacting his old acquaintances in Hollywood, with whom he had worked when UPT was a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures", "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": " Goldenson", "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": " 2002", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": " 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": " 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": " Walt Disney; after the start of the network's bond with the Disney studio, James Lewis Baugh", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": " 1942 films Kings Row and Casablanca", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": " Goldenson at the end of 1953", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": " $500,000 and accrued a guarantee of $4.5 million in additional loans", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": " Goldenson at the end of 1953", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": " Goldenson at the end of 1953", "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": " WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal", "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": " September 1969, ABC launched the Movie of the Week, a weekly showcase aimed at capitalizing on the growing success of made-for-TV movies", "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": " $400,000", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": " $400,000", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": " $400,000", "572743fb708984140094db93": " large enough to allow full-time affiliations from all three networks", "572743fb708984140094db94": " ABC completed its transition to color; the decade as a whole would mark a turning point for ABC, as it began to pass CBS", "572743fb708984140094db95": " large enough to allow full-time affiliations from all three networks", "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": " 1970", "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": " 1970", "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": " 1970", "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": " 1970", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": " $10 million", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": " $10 million", "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": " $10 million", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": " January 2, 1971", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": " January 2, 1971", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": " January 2, 1971", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": " January 2, 1971", "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": " 1976", "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": " 1976", "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": " 1976", "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": " 1976", "572748745951b619008f87b1": " WCVB-TV", "572748745951b619008f87b2": " WCVB-TV", "572748745951b619008f87b3": " WCVB-TV", "572748745951b619008f87b4": " WCVB-TV premiered morning show Good Day!. First premiering in 1973", "5727492f708984140094dbb5": " 1978", "5727492f708984140094dbb6": " 1976. Charlie's Angels", "5727492f708984140094dbb7": " Silverman, who left ABC in 1978", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": " nine seasons. Roots went on to become one of the highest-rated programs in American television history", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": " nine seasons", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": " nine seasons. Roots went on to become one of the highest-rated programs in American television history", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": " September 13", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": " Soap, a controversial soap opera parody which became known for being the first television series to feature an openly gay main character", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": " WABC-TV", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": " WABC-TV", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": " WABC-TV", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": " WABC-TV", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": " $20 million", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": " $20 million", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": " $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": " $20 million", "57274cac708984140094dbdd": " 1995", "57274cac708984140094dbde": " 1995", "57274cac708984140094dbdf": " August 29, 1994, ABC purchased Flint, Michigan affiliate WJRT-TV", "57274cac708984140094dbe0": " August 29, 1994, ABC purchased Flint, Michigan affiliate WJRT-TV", "57274d905951b619008f87e1": " 2007\u201308 and 2008\u201309", "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "The Writers Guild of America strike that halted production of network programs for much of the 2007\u201308 season", "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "The Writers Guild of America strike that halted production of network programs for much of the 2007\u201308 season", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": " December 22, Disney\u2013ABC Television Group announced a partnership with Apple Inc", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": " April 2, 2009, Citadel Communications announced that it would rebrand ABC Radio", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": " April 2, 2009, Citadel Communications announced that it would rebrand ABC Radio", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": " Disney\u2013ABC Television Group announced a partnership with Apple Inc", "57274f07708984140094dbed": " Fridays at the start of its fourth season in the fall of 2009", "57274f07708984140094dbee": " 2004", "57274f07708984140094dbef": " Fridays at the start of its fourth season in the fall of 2009", "57274f07708984140094dbf0": " Fridays at the start of its fourth season in the fall of 2009", "5727504b5951b619008f881d": " 1973", "5727504b5951b619008f881e": " syndication distributor, and ABC Circle", "5727504b5951b619008f881f": " Worldvision Enterprises", "5727504b5951b619008f8820": " Turner Broadcasting System in 1990", "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": " Selznick library", "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": " Funniest Home Videos, General Hospital, and ABC News productions), although Disney\u2013ABC Domestic Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": " Selznick library", "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": " Funniest Home Videos", "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": " WPVI-TV", "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": " WPVI-TV", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": " WPVI-TV", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": " WPVI-TV", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "The ABC logo has evolved many times since the network's creation in 1943", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": " Federal Communications Commission", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": " 1943", "57275573708984140094dc45": " 4:3 standard definition. All of the network's programming has been presented in HD since January 2012", "57275573708984140094dc46": " January 2012", "57275573708984140094dc47": " 4:3 standard definition. All of the network's programming has been presented in HD since January 2012", "57275573708984140094dc48": " 4:3 standard definition. All of the network's programming has been presented in HD since January 2012", "57275650708984140094dc5f": " Hearst Television's 16 ABC-affiliated stations transmit the network's programming in 1080i HD", "57275650708984140094dc60": " 720p high definition", "57275650708984140094dc61": " Hearst Television's 16 ABC-affiliated stations transmit the network's programming in 1080i HD", "57275650708984140094dc62": " Hearst Television's 16 ABC-affiliated stations transmit the network's programming in 1080i HD", "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": " Body of Proof being the only one that was renewed for a second season", "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": " Brothers & Sisters led to its cancellation", "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "The network's troubles with sustaining existing series and gaining new hits spilled over into its 2010\u201311 schedule", "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": " Body of Proof being the only one that was renewed for a second season", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": " April 14, 2011, ABC canceled the long-running soap operas All My Children", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": " One Life to Live, The Revolution", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": " One Life to Live, The Revolution", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": " The Revolution", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": " seven months. The 2011\u201312 season saw ABC drop to fourth place in the 18\u201349 demographic", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": " slight improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": " slight improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": " slight improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": " slight improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs", "57275a505951b619008f889f": " Shark Tank", "57275a505951b619008f88a0": " Dragon's Den reality format) also became a midseason sleeper hit on Sundays in the spring of 2010", "57275a505951b619008f88a1": " Sundays in the spring of 2010", "57275a505951b619008f88a2": " Shark Tank", "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Daniel Burke", "57275bfb708984140094dc98": " February 1994, with Thomas Murphy taking over as president before ceding control to Robert Iger", "57275bfb708984140094dc99": " Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994", "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": "Daniel Burke", "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": " Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households, just below the limit of 25% imposed by the FCC", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": " By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households", "57275e125951b619008f88d7": " May 9", "57275e125951b619008f88d8": " May 9, 1960, WLS launched a new lineup consisting of ABC Radio programming", "57275e125951b619008f88d9": " May 9", "57275e125951b619008f88da": " May 9", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": " Sports Programs, Inc. and produced by a young Roone Arledge", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": " April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports, an anthology series created by Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": " April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports, an anthology series created by Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": " April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports, an anthology series created by Edgar Scherick through his company Sports Programs, Inc", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": " 66th Street, Goldenson found a new headquarters for ABC in a 44 story building located at 1330 Avenue of the Americas", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": " Goldenson found a new headquarters for ABC in a 44 story building located at 1330 Avenue of the Americas", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": " Goldenson found a new headquarters for ABC in a 44 story building located at 1330 Avenue of the Americas", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": " 66th Street, Goldenson found a new headquarters for ABC in a 44 story building located at 1330 Avenue of the Americas", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": " 1981", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": " 1981", "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": " 1981", "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": " 1981", "5727623a5951b619008f8921": " Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8922": " KXYZ to the Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8923": " Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", "5727623a5951b619008f8924": " Infinity Broadcasting Corporation", "572763a8708984140094dcd9": " Capital Cities/ABC reported revenues of $465 million", "572763a8708984140094dcda": " Capital Cities/ABC reported revenues of $465 million", "572763a8708984140094dcdb": " $465 million", "572763a8708984140094dcdc": " Capital Cities/ABC reported revenues of $465 million", "572763a8708984140094dcdd": " Capital Cities/ABC reported revenues of $465 million", "572764855951b619008f8951": " 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8952": " 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8953": " 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", "572764855951b619008f8954": " 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays", "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": " Rhode Island", "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": " Jersey is served by New York City O&O WABC-TV", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": " Rhode Island", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": " Rhode Island", "57276690708984140094dd01": " Circle Films", "57276690708984140094dd02": " ABC's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates", "57276690708984140094dd03": " Touchstone Television beginning in 1985", "57276690708984140094dd04": " Touchstone Television beginning in 1985", "5727678e5951b619008f8973": " Times Square Studios", "5727678e5951b619008f8974": " 66th Street", "5727678e5951b619008f8975": "60 m) \u00d7 379 feet (116 m) plot at 121\u2013135 West End Avenue", "5727678e5951b619008f8976": " Times Square Studios", "572768d9708984140094dd13": " Walt Disney Company is also a part-owner of Hulu", "572768d9708984140094dd14": " ABC on Demand", "572768d9708984140094dd15": " ABC on Demand", "572768d9708984140094dd16": " ABC on Demand", "572769e85951b619008f8985": " WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand", "572769e85951b619008f8986": " January 7, 2014", "572769e85951b619008f8987": " WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand", "572769e85951b619008f8988": " January 7", "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": " lettering more closely resembling Paul Rand's original version of the circle logo", "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": " May 14, 2013", "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": " lettering more closely resembling Paul Rand's original version of the circle logo", "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": " May 14", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": " three full-time network affiliates", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": " three full-time network affiliates", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": " three full-time network affiliates", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": " Congress in 1961) mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning", "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": " two decades; several smaller markets would not grow large enough to support a full-time ABC affiliate", "57276d7f708984140094dd40": " two decades; several smaller markets would not grow large enough to support a full-time ABC affiliate", "57276d7f708984140094dd41": " Wheeling, West Virginia to begin airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel after airing the network's programs outside of recommended timeslots", "57276d7f708984140094dd42": " two decades; several smaller markets would not grow large enough to support a full-time ABC affiliate until the 1960s", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": " September 3", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": " Desilu Productions pitched its detective series The Untouchables to CBS", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": " Untouchables", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": " September 3", "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": " $15.", "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": " $15.", "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": " $15.", "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": " $15.5 million", "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": " $15.", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": " ITT to ABC management; the two companies agreed to the deal on April 27, 1966", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": " December 7, 1965, Goldenson announced a merger proposal with ITT to ABC management; the two companies agreed to the deal on April 27, 1966", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": " Goldenson announced a merger proposal with ITT to ABC management; the two companies agreed to the deal on April 27, 1966", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": " January 1, 1968", "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": " $3.5 billion", "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": " $3.5 billion", "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": " March 18, 1985", "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": " March 18, 1985", "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": " March 16, 1985, ABC's executive committee accepted the merger offer, which was formally announced on March 18, 1985", "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": " September 5, 1985", "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": " January 3, 1986, the combined company \u2013 which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc", "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": " January 3, 1986, the combined company \u2013 which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc", "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": " January 3, 1986, the combined company \u2013 which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc", "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": " January 3, 1986, the combined company \u2013 which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc", "57277585708984140094de2b": " 1983", "57277585708984140094de2c": " 1984", "57277585708984140094de2d": " 1984", "57277585708984140094de2e": " 1984 on the success of series such as The Cosby Show, Cheers and Miami Vice", "57277585708984140094de2f": " 1984", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": " 1989 debut of the \"TGIF\" block", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": " comedies in the late 1980s, culminating in the 1989 debut of the \"TGIF\" block", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": " Miller-Boyett Productions", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": " comedies in the late 1980s, culminating in the 1989 debut of the \"TGIF\" block", "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": " seven radio stations nationwide in order to purchase Houston radio stations KXYZ and KXYZ-FM", "572776e85951b619008f8a80": " seven radio stations nationwide in order to purchase Houston radio stations KXYZ and KXYZ-FM", "572776e85951b619008f8a81": " seven radio stations", "572776e85951b619008f8a82": " 1985", "572776e85951b619008f8a83": " seven radio stations", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": " Bandstand had pulled very strong ratings in the Philadelphia market on WFIL-TV", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": " 18% of the total U.S. population", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": " 18% of the total U.S. population", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": " Bandstand had pulled very strong ratings in the Philadelphia market on WFIL-TV", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": " between 10% and 18% of the total U.S. population", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": " 66-minute series were scheduled a half-hour before their hour-long competition. In May 1961, Life", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": " NBC and CBS in the fall of 1957, and its detective shows did the same in the fall of 1959", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": " 66-minute series were scheduled a half-hour before their hour-long competition. In May 1961, Life", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": " 66-minute series were scheduled a half-hour before their hour-long competition. In May 1961, Life", "57277af2708984140094dec3": " ABC.com and a mobile app for smartphones and tablet computers", "57277af2708984140094dec4": " June 2013), with the six remaining ABC O&Os offering streams by the start of the 2013\u201314 season. Hearst Television", "57277af2708984140094dec5": " June 2013), with the six remaining ABC O&Os offering streams by the start of the 2013\u201314 season. Hearst Television", "57277af2708984140094dec6": " ABC.com and a mobile app for smartphones and tablet computers", "57277bfc708984140094ded9": " Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094deda": "DT2", "57277bfc708984140094dedb": " Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094dedc": " 28 ABC affiliates and two additional subchannel-only affiliates; Sinclair owns the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size, WABM-DT2", "57277bfc708984140094dedd": " Scripps Company is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": " Troika", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": " Troika", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": " ribbons", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": " ribbons", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": " WWSB)", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": " WWSB) and Grand Rapids, Michigan (WZZM and WOTV), with an analogous situation arising in Kansas City, Missouri", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": " WWSB", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": " 1994", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": " By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia", "5726a00d708984140094cc25": " Western Xia. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location. His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia", "5726a00d708984140094cc26": " Mongolia at an unknown location. His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia", "5726a00d708984140094cc27": " Western Xia. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location. His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia", "5726a00d708984140094cc28": " Mongolia at an unknown location. His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia", "5726a00d708984140094cc29": " Mongolia at an unknown location. His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": " Mongolia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": " Mongolia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": " Mongolia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": " Del\u00fc\u00fcn Boldog, near Burkhan Khaldun mountain and the Onon and Kherlen rivers in modern-day northern Mongolia", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": "\u00fcjin had three brothers named Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": "\u00fcjin had three brothers named Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": " 12.", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": " Hasar, Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge, and one sister named Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": " 12", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": " Hoelun and her children lived in poverty", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": " Hoelun and her children lived in poverty, surviving primarily on wild fruits and ox carcasses", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": " wild fruits and ox carcasses, marmots, and other small game killed by Tem\u00fcjin and his brothers. Begter, Temujin", "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": " Begter, Temujin", "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": " Genghis Khan), he was able to escape from the ger (yurt) in the middle of the night", "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies, the Tayichi'ud", "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies, the Tayichi'ud", "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": " 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies, the Tayichi'ud", "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": " 1177", "5726a784708984140094ccff": " thievery, raids, corruption, and continual acts of revenge carried out between the various confederations, all compounded by interference from foreign forces", "5726a784708984140094cd00": " thievery, raids, corruption, and continual acts of revenge carried out between the various confederations, all compounded by interference from foreign forces", "5726a784708984140094cd01": " foreign forces", "5726a784708984140094cd02": " thievery, raids, corruption, and continual acts of revenge carried out between the various confederations, all compounded by interference from foreign forces", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "85", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": " 16", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": " 16", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": " 16", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "1185", "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "1187\u20141241), \u00d6gedei (1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "1190\u20131232). Genghis Khan", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1187\u20141241), \u00d6gedei (1189\u20141241), and Tolui (1190\u20131232). Genghis Khan", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "1190\u20131232). Genghis Khan", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "1190\u20131232). Genghis Khan", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": " 1197", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": " 1197", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": " Keraites", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": " Keraites", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": " Keraites", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": " rivals", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": " Jamukha", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": " 1186, Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": " Mongolian aristocracy, while Tem\u00fcjin followed a meritocratic method, and attracted a broader, though lower class, range of followers", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": " Jamukha", "5726ae32708984140094cdab": " orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family. These political innovations inspired great loyalty among the conquered people", "5726ae32708984140094cdac": " orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family. These political innovations inspired great loyalty among the conquered people", "5726ae32708984140094cdad": " orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family. These political innovations inspired great loyalty among the conquered people", "5726ae32708984140094cdae": " orphans from the conquered tribe, bringing them into his family. These political innovations inspired great loyalty among the conquered people", "5726af765951b619008f7a51": " a prelude to war. Toghrul allied himself with Jamukha, who already opposed Tem\u00fcjin's forces", "5726af765951b619008f7a52": " Toghrul's defeat", "5726af765951b619008f7a53": " Toghrul's defeat", "5726af765951b619008f7a54": " Toghrul's defeat", "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin was the Naimans (Naiman Mongols", "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin", "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin", "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": " direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin was the Naimans (Naiman Mongols", "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "The next direct threat to Tem\u00fcjin was the Naimans (Naiman Mongols", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": " noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": " noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": " noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": " noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood", "5726b879708984140094cf01": "Accounts of Genghis Khan", "5726b879708984140094cf02": " spy network and Yam route systems", "5726b879708984140094cf03": " spy network and Yam route systems", "5726b879708984140094cf04": " spy network and Yam route systems", "5726b879708984140094cf05": " spy network and Yam route systems", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": " 1206 Tem\u00fcjin had managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": " 1206 Tem\u00fcjin had managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": " 1206 Tem\u00fcjin had managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": " 1206 Tem\u00fcjin had managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": " 1206 Tem\u00fcjin had managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": " 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": " 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": " Kaifeng fell to the Mongols under the reign of Genghis' third son, \u00d6gedei Khan", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": " 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": " 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty", "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": " khanate of Qara Khitai", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": " China against the Western Xia and Jin dynasty", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": " two tumen (20,000 soldiers) against Kuchlug", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "20,000 soldiers) against Kuchlug", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": " Mongol Empire, fled west and usurped the khanate of Qara Khitai", "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": " internal revolt among Kuchlug's supporters, leaving the Qara Khitai more vulnerable to Mongol conquest", "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": " internal revolt among Kuchlug's supporters, leaving the Qara Khitai more vulnerable to Mongol conquest", "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": " internal revolt among Kuchlug's supporters, leaving the Qara Khitai more vulnerable to Mongol conquest", "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": " Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia", "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": " Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia (Khwarezmid Empire), a Muslim state that reached the Caspian Sea", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": " 13th", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": " Mongolia", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": " 13th", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": " 13th", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": " Mongolia", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": " Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": " Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": " Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": " Mongol army under Genghis Khan, generals and his sons crossed the Tien Shan mountains", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": " Tien Shan mountains", "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": " a unified defense. The Mongol army", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "The Shah's army", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "The Shah's army", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": " Inalchuq by pouring molten silver into his ears", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "The Shah's army was split by diverse internecine feud", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": " Genghis Khan ordered two of his generals and their forces to completely destroy the remnants of the Khwarezmid Empire", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": " Empire", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "The Mongols", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies as body shields", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies as body shields", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": " killed and pyramids of severed heads raised as a symbol of victory. Ata-Malik Juvayni", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "The city of Bukhara was not heavily fortified", "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": " executed, artisans and craftsmen were sent back to Mongolia", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "The city of Bukhara was not heavily fortified", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "The city of Bukhara was not heavily fortified", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": " executed, artisans and craftsmen were sent back to Mongolia", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": " no historical record except a short account by the Arab historian Ibn al-Athir", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": " 1220, Genghis Khan gathered his forces in Persia", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": " no historical record except a short account by the Arab historian Ibn al-Athir", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": " no historical record except a short account by the Arab historian Ibn al-Athir", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": "utai, the Mongol army was split into two forces. Genghis Khan led the main army on a raid through Afghanistan and northern India towards Mongolia", "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": " 1225 both divisions returned to Mongolia. These invasions added Transoxiana and Persia to an already formidable empire", "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": " Mongolia. These invasions added Transoxiana and Persia to an already formidable empire", "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": " 1225 both divisions returned to Mongolia. These invasions added Transoxiana and Persia to an already formidable empire", "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": " Mongolia. These invasions added Transoxiana and Persia to an already formidable empire", "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory, allowing for the planning for conquest of Hungary", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": " 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": " 12", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": " 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": " 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": " 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts", "57272dd55951b619008f8697": " Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province", "57272dd55951b619008f8698": " Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province, Xindu-fu, and Deshun province", "57272dd55951b619008f8699": " Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province", "57272dd55951b619008f869a": " Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province, Xindu-fu, and Deshun province", "57272dd55951b619008f869b": " Ning Hia and continued to advance, seizing Lintiao-fu, Xining province", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": " The Secret History of the Mongols, just before the invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": " The Secret History of the Mongols, just before the invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": " The Secret History of the Mongols, just before the invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": "The succession of Genghis Khan", "57272ff2708984140094dabd": " Tolui", "57272ff2708984140094dabe": " Tolui", "57272ff2708984140094dabf": " Tolui", "57272ff2708984140094dac0": " Tolui", "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": " 1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "an", "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": " 1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": " 1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86af": " 1226", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": " The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": " The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": " The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": " Mongol chronicles connect Genghis' death with a Western Xia princess taken as war booty. One chronicle from the early 17th", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": " The Secret History of the Mongols", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": " Mongolia", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": " Mongolia", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": " Mongolia", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": " Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": " Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": " Edsen Khoroo) in Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": " Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": " Mongolia", "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": " Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daeb": " Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daec": " October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daed": "ongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", "57273581708984140094daee": " October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": " nomadic inhabitants considered themselves Mongols", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": " nomadic inhabitants considered themselves Mongols", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": " nomadic inhabitants considered themselves Mongols", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": " The Mongol Empire was one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse empires in history", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": " nomadic inhabitants considered themselves Mongols", "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": " tax exemptions for religious figures and, to some extent, teachers", "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": " Mongol tribes were Shamanist", "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": " a well established concept on the Asian steppe", "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": " a well established concept on the Asian steppe", "572739a75951b619008f86f7": " no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary peoples", "572739a75951b619008f86f8": " Pax Mongolica", "572739a75951b619008f86f9": " no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary peoples", "572739a75951b619008f86fa": " no evidence of this, or of the lifting of discriminatory policies towards sedentary peoples", "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": "Genghis Khan", "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": "Genghis Khan", "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": " Mongol people because they were nomads", "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "Genghis Khan", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": " Mongol Empire capital Karakorum", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Genghis Khan", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": "Genghis Khan", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": " Mongol Empire capital Karakorum", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": " Mongol Empire capital Karakorum", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": " Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": " Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": " Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": " Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": " Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "5727404b708984140094db59": " a chasm in the perception of his brutality", "5727404b708984140094db5a": " a chasm in the perception of his brutality. Mongolians maintain that the historical records written by non-Mongolians are unfairly biased", "5727404b708984140094db5b": " a chasm in the perception of his brutality", "5727404b708984140094db5c": " a chasm in the perception of his brutality. Mongolians maintain that the historical records written by non-Mongolians are unfairly biased", "5727404b708984140094db5d": " a chasm in the perception of his brutality", "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": " Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": " 500, 1,000, 5", "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": " Ulaanbaatar is named Chinggis Khaan International Airport", "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": " trivialization", "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": " Major Genghis Khan statues", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "Genghis Khan", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": " President Tsakhiagi", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": " President Tsakhiagi", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": " President Tsakhiagi", "57275250708984140094dc25": " around 5 million, almost twice the population of Mongolia", "57275250708984140094dc26": " around 5 million, almost twice the population of Mongolia", "57275250708984140094dc27": " around 5 million, almost twice the population of Mongolia", "57275250708984140094dc28": " around 5 million, almost twice the population of Mongolia", "57275250708984140094dc29": " around 5 million, almost twice the population of Mongolia", "572753af708984140094dc2f": " the Middle East, and particularly in Iran", "572753af708984140094dc30": " warlord who caused enormous damage and destruction to the population of these areas. Steven R. Ward", "572753af708984140094dc31": " warlord who caused enormous damage and destruction to the population of these areas. Steven R. Ward", "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders", "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders", "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders", "572754cd5951b619008f8866": " three years, the Mongols destroyed and annihilated all of the major cities of Eastern Europe", "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders", "572756715951b619008f8877": " Mongol atrocities committed against the Khwarizim Shah", "572756715951b619008f8878": " Mongol atrocities committed against the Khwarizim Shah", "572756715951b619008f8879": " Mongol atrocities committed against the Khwarizim", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": " Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": " 13", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": " Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": " Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": " Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": " pinyin", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": " \u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57; pinyin: Ch\u00e9ngj\u00eds", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": "Genghis Khan", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": " pinyin", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": " \u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57; pinyin", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": " 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": " retail shop", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": " 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": " a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": " a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "Pharmacists", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": " health care professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": " professional on the General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": " Technician", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": " professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": " professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": " De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": " De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": " De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": " Diocles", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": " De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "538\u2013710) and the early Nara period (710\u2013794", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "538\u2013710) and the early Nara period (710\u2013794", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "1868", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "1868", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "1868", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "The advances made in the Middle East in botany", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": " 1422. The oldest is claimed to have been set up in 1221", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": " 1422. The oldest is claimed to have been set up in 1221", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": " 1221 in the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy, which now houses a perfume museum. The medieval Esteve Pharmacy", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": " 1221", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": " 1221", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": " pharmacy legislation; with requirements for storage conditions", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": " technicians are now more dependent upon automation to assist them in their new role dealing with patients' prescriptions", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": " pharmacy legislation; with requirements for storage conditions", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": " automation to assist them in their new role dealing with patients' prescriptions", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": " pharmacy technicians", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": " school through a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area. Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "ists", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": " school through a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area. Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": " a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area. Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "Hospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "Hospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "ospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "Hospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": " unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine. Hospital pharmacists and trained pharmacy technicians compound sterile products", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "Pharmacists provide direct patient care", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": " hospitals", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "Pharmacists provide direct patient care services", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": " all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": " hospitals", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": " dispensing and administration", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "The clinical pharmacist's role involves creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "The clinical pharmacist", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "The clinical pharmacist", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": " BCACP", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": " U.S. federal health care system (including the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH) ambulatory care pharmacists", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": " certification. The official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": " ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": " U.S. federal health care system (including the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH) ambulatory care pharmacists", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": " community pharmacies employ consultant pharmacists", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "Consultant pharmacy", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Consultant pharmacy", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "Consultant pharmacy", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "Consultant pharmacy", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": " year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide. Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": " about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide. Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": " about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide. Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": " about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide. Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": " about the year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide. Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": " pharmacies", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": " pharmacies", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": " pharmacies", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": " pharmacies", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": " pharmacies", "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": " Vicodin, generically known as hydrocodone) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": " Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": " no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": " no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": " no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": " no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "Pharmacy informatics", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "Pharmacy informatics", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "Pharmacy informatics", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "Pharmacy informatics", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "Pharmacy informatics", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "Specialty pharmacies", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": " 19 of 28 newly FDA approved medications in 2013 being specialty drugs", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "Specialty pharmacies", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": " 19 of 28 newly FDA approved medications in 2013 being specialty drugs", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": " pharmaceutical industry with 19 of 28 newly FDA approved medications in 2013 being specialty drugs", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": " 7 to 10", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": " 7 to 10", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": " patient exploitation and patients have the right to a written prescription that can be filled elsewhere. 7 to 10", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": " 7 to 10", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": " 7", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": " 1.6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy. This law also exists in Austria", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": " 1.6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": " 1.6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": " 1.6 kilometres) between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": " a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician has a financial self-interest", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers. Otherwise, the physician", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "The reason for the majority rule is the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": " Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": " Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "prescription, and herbals) currently being taken by an individual. The result is a reconciliation of medication and patient education", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": " Medication Therapy", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "prescription, and herbals) currently being taken by an individual. The result is a reconciliation of medication and patient education", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": " remunerated by their provincial government for expanded services such as medications reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": " Medicines Reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "unerated by their provincial government for expanded services such as medications reviews", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": " evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "unerated by their provincial government for expanded services such as medications reviews", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": " show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": " show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": " show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": " show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": " show globe", "5726e65e708984140094d53d": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5726e65e708984140094d53e": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5726e65e708984140094d53f": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5726e65e708984140094d540": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": " a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens", "5726eb785951b619008f8275": " defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8276": "Pathogens", "5726eb785951b619008f8277": "Pathogens", "5726eb785951b619008f8278": " multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": " multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "Pathogens", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": " multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": " defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": "heumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": "heumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "heumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "heumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "heumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": " a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": " Athens in 430 BC", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": " Maupertuis made experiments with scorpion venom", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": " Athens", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": " Athens in 430 BC", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": " Athens in 430 BC", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": " Athens in 430 BC", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": " Athens", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": " 430 BC", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "The immune system protects organisms from infection", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": " Innate immune systems are found in all plants", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "The immune system protects organisms from infection", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": " Innate immune systems are found in all plants and animals", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": " Innate immune systems are found in all plants", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": " pathogen is encountered", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "-specific response. Innate immune systems are found in all plants", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": " antigens", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": " antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": " One class of non-self molecules are called antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": " antigens (short for antibody generators)", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": " One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for antibody generators)", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": " a pathogen. The innate immune system is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": " a pathogen. The innate immune system is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": " a pathogen", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": " a pathogen", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection, including mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. The waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "Several barriers protect organisms from infection", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": " tears and urine", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "Chemical barriers", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "arche", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": " iron. This reduces the probability that pathogens will reach sufficient numbers to cause illness", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": " oral antibiotics can lead to an \"overgrowth\" of fungi", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": " a healthy balance of microbial populations", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": " iron. This reduces the probability that pathogens will reach sufficient numbers to cause illness", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection. The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": " The symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, and pain", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "oids", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": " fever and the dilation of blood vessels", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "oids", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "Phagocytosis", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "Phagocytosis is an important feature of cellular innate immunity performed by cells called 'phagocytes'", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": " phagocyte, it becomes trapped in an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": " vesicle called a phagosome, which subsequently fuses with another vesicle called a lysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": " nutrients, but this role was extended in phagocytes to include engulfment of pathogens", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": " 50% to 60% of the total circulating leukocytes", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": " chemotaxis", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "Neutrophils", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "Leukocytes", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": " skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and intestines", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": " no way connected to the nervous system", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": " no way connected to the nervous system", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": " a cell-surface marker called MHC I", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": " a cell-surface marker called MHC I", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": " a cell-surface marker called MHC I", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": " a cell-surface marker called MHC I", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "The adaptive immune system evolved in early vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "ens during a process called antigen presentation", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": " adaptive immune system", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": " B cells and T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": " T cell", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": " a \"non-self\"", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": " MHC receptors", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "iller T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": " CD8", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": " CD8", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "a protease) induces the target cell to undergo apoptosis", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "a protease) induces the target cell to undergo apoptosis. T cell killing of host cells", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": " a weaker association with the MHC:antigen complex than observed for killer T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": " CD4+ and CD8+ (\u03b1\u03b2) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "TCR)", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": " T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor (TCR)", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "ma delta T cells", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": " B cell and processed by proteolysis into peptides. The B cell then displays these antigenic peptides on its surface MHC", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": " B cell and processed by proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "ines", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": " T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": " infection with that pathogen and prepares the immune system for future challenges. Immunological memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": " infection with that pathogen and prepares the immune system for future challenges. Immunological memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": " infection with that pathogen and prepares the immune system for future challenges. Immunological memory", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": " Several layers", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": " placenta", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": " no prior exposure to microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": " microbes", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "Hormones can act as immunomodulators, altering the sensitivity of the immune system", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "Hormones can act as immunomodulators, altering the sensitivity of the immune system", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "Hormones", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "Hormones", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": " T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms, can be affected through the disturbance of natural light and dark cycles", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": " T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms, can be affected through the disturbance of natural light and dark cycles", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": " a well-rested individual", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": " hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": " two things happen that negatively affect their vitamin D levels", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": " hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": " two things happen that negatively affect their vitamin D levels. First, they stay indoors more due to decreased activity levels. This means that they get less sun", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": " T cells, sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": " tumors. Sometimes antibodies are generated against tumor cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": " tumors. Sometimes antibodies are generated against tumor cells", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": " cells allowing for their destruction by the complement system", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": " a particular infectious agent. RNA", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": " Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": " a particular infectious agent. RNA", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": " a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent. RNA", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": " a particular infectious agent. RNA", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": " other end of immune dysfunction, particularly the autoimmune disorders. Here, the immune system fails to properly distinguish between self and non-self", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": " other end of immune dysfunction, particularly the autoimmune disorders. Here, the immune system fails to properly distinguish between self and non-self", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "Overactive immune responses", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": " Under normal circumstances, many T cells and antibodies react with \"self\" peptides", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": " diminished in both the young and the elderly, with immune responses beginning to decline at around 50 years of age", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": " 50 years of age", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": " 50 years of age", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": " diminished in both the young and the elderly, with immune responses beginning to decline at around 50 years of age", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": " diminished in both the young and the elderly, with immune responses beginning to decline at around 50 years of age", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": " T cells", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": " T cells", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": " T cells", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": " T cells", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": " barrier, for example, by using a type II secretion system", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": " Bacteria often overcome physical barriers by secreting enzymes that digest the barrier, for example, by using a type II secretion system.", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": " barrier, for example, by using a type II secretion system", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": " any pathogen depends on its ability to elude host immune responses", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": " Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST)", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": " T cells. The self/nonself theory of immunity", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "signal\" activation of T cells. The self/nonself theory of immunity", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": " Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST)", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": " azathioprine", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": " azathioprine", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": " azathioprine", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": " toxic side effects. Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin prevent T cells from responding to signals correctly by inhibiting signal transduction pathways", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": " any intruding pathogens", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": " any intruding pathogens", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": " any intruding pathogens", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": " any intruding pathogens", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": " calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": " calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": " calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "27B", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": " calcitriol", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "tebrate systemic immunity. The complement system and phagocytic cells are also used by most forms of invertebrate life. Ribonucleases", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": " complement system and phagocytic cells are also used by most forms of invertebrate life. Ribonucleases", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": " phagocytic cells are also used by most forms of invertebrate life. Ribonucleases", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "ukaryotes", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": " a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": " a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": " a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": " a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": " Offensive elements of the immune systems are also present in unicellular eukaryotes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": " Offensive elements of the immune systems are also present in unicellular eukaryotes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": " Offensive elements of the immune systems are also present in unicellular eukaryotes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": " Offensive elements of the immune systems are also present in unicellular eukaryotes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": " 20th century saw a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Immunology", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "Immunology", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Immunology", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": " the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between \"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories of immunity", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "HC class I molecules", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": " MHC class I molecules", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "HC class I molecules", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": " macrophages and lymphocytes", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": " macrophages", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": " macrophages", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": " macrophages", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": " macrophages", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": " macrophages", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "omonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": " Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "omonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": " complement. Many pathogens secrete compounds that diminish or misdirect the host's immune response", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": " Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": " The parasite Trypanosoma brucei", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": " The parasite Trypanosoma brucei", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": " The parasite Trypanosoma brucei", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": " The parasite Trypanosoma brucei", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "ens that are not found on normal cells", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": " immune cells to attack the transformed tumor cells. The antigens expressed by tumors have several sources; some are derived from oncogenic viruses", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": " skin cells (e.g. melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": " tumors express antigens that are not found on normal cells", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": " skin cells (e.g. melanocytes) into tumors called melanomas", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "formatics-based studies of immunogenicity is referred to as immunoinformatics. Immunoproteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": " a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": " a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": " A publicly accessible database has been established for the cataloguing of epitopes from pathogens known to be recognizable by B cells", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "formatics-based studies of immunogenicity is referred to as immunoinformatics. Immunoproteomics", "572a12386aef051400155234": " APCs and T-cells", "572a12386aef051400155235": " APCs and T-cells", "572a12386aef051400155236": " APCs and T-cells", "572a12386aef051400155237": " APCs and T-cells", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": " antibodies that have attached to these microbes", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": " complement binding to antibodies", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": " complement binding to antibodies", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": " a catalytic cascade", "57271c235951b619008f860b": " Revolution. Civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws", "57271c235951b619008f860c": " Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860d": " Soviet Union", "57271c235951b619008f860e": " the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860f": " Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": " Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": " Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": " Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": " Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": " Revolution", "57271f125951b619008f8635": " Creon", "57271f125951b619008f8636": " Creon, the current King of Thebes", "57271f125951b619008f8637": " Creon, the current King of Thebes", "57271f125951b619008f8638": " Creon", "57271f125951b619008f8639": " Creon, the current King of Thebes", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": " Sophocles' play Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": " Creon", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": " Creon", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": " Creon", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": " Creon", "5727213c708984140094da35": " 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da36": " Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da38": " Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", "5727213c708984140094da39": " Henry David Thoreau", "5727213c708984140094da37": " Henry David Thoreau", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": " Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": " Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": " 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": " 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": " Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy", "572726c9708984140094da7b": " Marshall Cohen", "572726c9708984140094da7e": " Marshall Cohen", "572726c9708984140094da7c": " ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen", "572726c9708984140094da7d": " Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": " Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": " Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": " Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": " Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": " Marshall Cohen", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrand", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": " a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": " a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": " niceties. Like Alice in Wonderland", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": " a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrand", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "LeGrand", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "LeGrand", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "LeGrand", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "LeGrand", "57280f974b864d1900164370": " public official rather than private citizen", "57280f974b864d1900164371": " impasse", "57280f974b864d1900164372": " public official rather than private citizen", "57280f974b864d1900164373": " disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164374": " impasse", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": " public official rather than private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": " public official rather than private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": " public official rather than private citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": " citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": " public official rather than private citizen", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": " Thoreau", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": " The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right. What, then, is the proper relationship between the individual and the government", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": " The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right. What, then, is the proper relationship between the individual and the government", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": " The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right. What, then, is the proper relationship between the individual and the government", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": " express the will of the majority but it may also express nothing more than the will of elite politicians", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": " Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": " Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": " Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": " The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right. What, then, is the proper relationship between the individual and the government", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": " The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right. What, then, is the proper relationship between the individual and the government", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": " Brownlee", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": " protest against international organizations and foreign governments", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": " Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": " Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": " Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": " Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": " Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": " Brownlee", "572818f54b864d190016446c": " Fully Informed Jury", "572818f54b864d190016446d": " Fully Informed Jury", "572818f54b864d190016446e": " deceit in such situations. The Fully Informed Jury", "572818f54b864d190016446f": " Fully Informed Jury", "572818f54b864d1900164470": " a prohibition on deceit in such situations. The Fully Informed Jury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": " Fully Informed Jury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": " Fully Informed Jury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": " Fully Informed Jury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": " Fully Informed Jury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": " Fully Informed Jury", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": " a civil disobedients' use of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": " Black's Law Dictionary", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": " a civil disobedients' use of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": " Black's Law", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": " a civil disobedients' use of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": " a civil disobedients' use of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": " a civil disobedients' use of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": " a civil disobedients' use of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": " a civil disobedients' use of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": " a principle of civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": " Gandhi", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": " Ferenc De\u00e1k directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": " a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": " a principle of civil disobedience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": " laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": " laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": " a principle of civil disobedience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": " a principle of civil disobedience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": " Howard Zinn, Harvey Wheeler", "572822233acd2414000df555": " Empire", "572822233acd2414000df556": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "572822233acd2414000df557": " arrest was not covered in any newspapers", "572822233acd2414000df558": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience", "572822233acd2414000df559": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": " Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": " Luna, a 180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": " a desired social goal (such as the provision of medication to the sick) while openly breaking the law. Julia Butterfly Hill", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": " Pacifica Foundation", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": " criminalized behavior is pure speech", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": " Pacifica Foundation", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": " criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": " Pacifica Foundation", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": " Pacifica Foundation", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": " Pacifica Foundation", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": " Brownlee", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": " Brownlee", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "CSB", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": " Plowshares", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": " Brownlee", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": " Brownlee", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": " Brownlee", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": " Brownlee", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": " Brownlee", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "edients seek to use the arrest as an opportunity to make an impression on the officers. Thoreau", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "edients seek to use the arrest as an opportunity to make an impression on the officers. Thoreau", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": " criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience cases", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": " criminal investigations", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": " criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": " a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": " a violation of criminal law", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": " a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": " a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": " a violation of criminal law", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": " ACT-UP", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": " ACT-UP", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": " ACT-UP", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": " ACT-UP", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": " ACT-UP", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": " 13", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": " 13", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": " 13", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": " arraigned for trial before the local Justice of the Peace, that afternoon. A well known civil rights attorney, Francis Heisler", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": " 13", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "Howard Zinn", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": " a spirit of subservience", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "Howard Zinn", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": " civil disobedience", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": " Gandhi", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": " Gandhi", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": " Gandhi", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": " Gandhi", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": " any plea agreement in place. Mohandas Gandhi", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "ution speeches given by the protesters complained about mistreatment from government officials", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "ution speeches given by the protesters complained about mistreatment from government officials", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "ution speeches given by the protesters complained about mistreatment from government officials", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "ution speeches given by the protesters complained about mistreatment from government officials", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "ution speeches given by the protesters complained about mistreatment from government officials", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": " acquittal but make for more boring proceedings and reduced press coverage. During the Vietnam War era, the Chicago Eight", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": " technical defense", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": " technical defense", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": " A technical defense", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": " technical defense", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": " general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": " general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": " general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": " general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": " general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished. Michael Bay", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Courts", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "Courts", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Courts", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "Courts", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "Courts", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": " Brownlee", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": " Brownlee", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": " Brownlee", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": " Brownlee", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": " Construction as an industry", "57273a465951b619008f8700": " Construction as an industry", "57273a465951b619008f8701": " six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries", "57273a465951b619008f8702": " six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries", "57273a465951b619008f8703": " Construction as an industry", "57273cca708984140094db33": "Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines", "57273cca708984140094db34": "Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines", "57273cca708984140094db35": "Large-scale construction", "57273cca708984140094db36": " megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db37": " megaprojects", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": " Industrial includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants. There are other ways to break the industry into sectors or markets", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": " industrial. Building construction", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": " Industrial includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants. There are other ways to break the industry", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": " are other ways to break the industry", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "ENR", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Engineering News-Record", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "Engineering", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "Engineering", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": " heavy and civil engineering construction", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "sectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors. There are also categories for construction service firms", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": " heavy and civil engineering construction", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "The Standard Industrial Classification", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": " construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": " property or construction of buildings. The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": " paymaster, and design team for the entire project", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": " construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": " property", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to local building authority", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Residential construction", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": " a per square meter (or per square foot) basis for houses", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to local building authority regulations and codes", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": " 3D printing technology", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": " January 2013", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": " January 2013", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": " January 2013", "572745c6708984140094db9a": " designs into reality", "572745c6708984140094db99": " formal design team may be assembled to plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts. The design usually consists of drawings and specifications", "572745c6708984140094db9b": " formal design team", "572745c6708984140094db9c": " survey", "572745c6708984140094db9d": " formal design team may be assembled to plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts. The design usually consists of drawings and specifications", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": " interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": " companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": " a construction project, from beginning to end. This is designated as a \"design build\" contract", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": " a construction project, from beginning to end. This is designated as a \"design build\" contract", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": " interior designers, engineers and constructors throughout design and construction. In response, many companies are growing beyond traditional offerings of design or construction services alone", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": " interior designers, engineers and constructors", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": " project structures", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": " a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field. Financial planning", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": " Financial planning", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "Construction projects", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": " a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "Mortgage bankers, accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Mortgage bankers, accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": " accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Mortgage bankers, accountants", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": " attorney", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": " attorney", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": " attorney", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": " attorney", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": " attorney", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": " construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": " construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": " money", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": " money", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": " Contracts", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": " a growing number of new forms of procurement that involve relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": " Public-Private Partnering (PPPs", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": " Public-Private Partnering (PPPs", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": " a growing number of new forms of procurement that involve relationship contracting", "572753335951b619008f8853": " Any subcontractor has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8854": " Any subcontractor has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8855": " main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8856": " Any subcontractor has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8857": " Any subcontractor has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor. The procedure continues until the building is ready to occupy", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": " Several D&B", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": " project, giving an overall view of the project's goals", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project, giving an overall view of the project's goals", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project, giving an overall view of the project's goals", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project, giving an overall view of the project's goals", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": " damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": " damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": " damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": " adheres to the approved plans and the local building code", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": " adheres to the approved plans and the local building code. Once construction is complete and a final inspection has been passed, an occupancy permit may be issued", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": " April 2013", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "200,000 general contractors, 38,000 heavy, and 432,000 specialty); the average contractor employed fewer than 10 employees", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "200,000 general contractors, 38,000 heavy, and 432,000 specialty); the average contractor employed fewer than 10 employees", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "200,000 general contractors, 38,000 heavy, and 432,000 specialty); the average contractor employed fewer than 10 employees", "572755b7708984140094dc51": " 828,000 women were employed in the construction industry as of 2011", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": " \u00a342,090", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": " \u00a342,090", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": " Some construction workers in the US/Canada have made more than $100,000 annually", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world, incurring more occupational fatalities than any other sector", "572756fe708984140094dc72": " Proper safety equipment", "572756fe708984140094dc73": " all workers. Falls are one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers", "572756fe708984140094dc74": " Proper safety equipment such as harnesses and guardrails and procedures such as securing ladders and inspecting scaffolding can curtail the risk of occupational injuries", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "Private schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "Private schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": " local, state or national governments", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": " local, state or national governments", "57274712708984140094dbad": " universities and other tertiary institutions. Private education in North America", "57274712708984140094dbae": " education in North America", "57274712708984140094dbaf": " education in North America", "57274712708984140094dbb0": " universities and other tertiary institutions. Private education in North America", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": " university-preparatory schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "The secondary level includes schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": " Tuition at private secondary schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": " university-preparatory schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": " university-preparatory schools", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": " a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": " a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": " a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": " Student uniforms", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": " Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally stricter and more formal than in government schools", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": " Student uniforms", "57274971708984140094dbbb": " Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church, but in most cases, they do not insist on their students\u2019 religious allegiance", "57274971708984140094dbbc": " Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church, but in most cases, they do not insist on their students\u2019 religious allegiance", "57274971708984140094dbbd": " Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church", "57274971708984140094dbbe": " Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "The right to create private schools in Germany", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": " a second Gleichschaltung", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": " increased from 6.1% to 7.8%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": " increased from 6.1% to 7.8%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": " increased from 6.1% to 7.8%", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": " Ersatzschulen have very low tuition fees", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": " Ersatzschulen have very low tuition fees", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": " tuition fees", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "sschul", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": " vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": " public schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": " public schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": " school leaving certificates", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": " school leaving certificates", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": " school leaving certificates", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": " school leaving certificates", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": " adult illiterate population in the world", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "Legally, only non-profit trusts and societies can run schools", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": " schools", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": " schools", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "profit trusts", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": " \u20ac5,000 annually", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": " \u20ac5,000 annually", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": " \u20ac5,000 annually", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": " \u20ac5,000 annually", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": " \u20ac5,000 annually", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": " 60 schools converted to become National Type schools", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": " 60 schools converted to become National Type schools", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": " 60 schools converted to become National Type schools", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": " 60 schools converted to become National Type schools", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": " 60 schools converted to become National Type schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "The other category of schools are those run and partly or fully funded by private individuals", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "chool education", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "Public School\"", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "chool education", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": " school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Private schools are often Anglican", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": " Diocesan School for Girls", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Private schools are often Anglican", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": " King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": " King's College and Diocesan School for Girls", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": " tertiary enrollment. Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": " tertiary enrollment. Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", "5727500f708984140094dbff": " schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools", "5727500f708984140094dc00": " August 1992", "5727500f708984140094dc01": " school, and by issuing the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools in August 1992", "572750df5951b619008f882f": " school fees of students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows. The Tuition Fee Supplement", "572750df5951b619008f8830": " school fees of students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows. The Tuition Fee Supplement", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "The Education Service Contracting scheme of the government provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools", "5727515f708984140094dc11": " missionaries in the early nineteenth century", "5727515f708984140094dc12": " Act of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": " church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", "5727515f708984140094dc14": " church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", "5727515f708984140094dc15": " private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century", "57275409708984140094dc35": " private schools", "57275409708984140094dc36": " private schools", "57275409708984140094dc37": " private schools", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": " 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": " school and the private school gets paid the same amount as municipal schools. Over 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": " school and the private school gets paid the same amount as municipal schools. Over 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": " school", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": " 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools", "572756265951b619008f886d": " 13", "572756265951b619008f886e": " 13", "572756265951b619008f886f": " GSCE level", "572756265951b619008f8870": " GSCE level", "572756265951b619008f8871": " GSCE level", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (see List of private schools in Mississippi).", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": " College Preparatory. Since the 1970s, many of these \"segregation academies\" have shut down, although some continue to operate.[", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (see List of private schools in Mississippi).", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": " public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (see List of private schools in Mississippi).", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Funding for private schools", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": " Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", "572759665951b619008f8883": "Private schooling", "572759665951b619008f8884": "Private schooling", "572759665951b619008f8885": " 427 U.S. 160 (1976", "572759665951b619008f8886": " Runyon v. McCrary", "572759665951b619008f8887": " 1852. The Supreme Court precedent appears to favor educational choice", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": " $40,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": " $40,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": " $40,000 annually", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": " $40,000", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "Established originally by the Massachusetts legislature and soon thereafter named for John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "ational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "1869\u20131909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "Established originally by the Massachusetts legislature and soon thereafter named for John Harvard", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": " 79 individual libraries", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": " 79 individual libraries", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": " 79 individual libraries", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": " over 18 million volumes. Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": " over 18 million volumes. Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": " University is organized into eleven separate academic units\u2014ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": " \u00a3779 and his library of some 400 books. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": " \u00a3779 and his library of some 400 books. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": " 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was initially called \"New College\"", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": " \u00a3779 and his library of some 400 books. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": " \u00a3779 and his library of some 400 books. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": " Puritan ministers", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": " University of Cambridge\u2014\u200b\u200bbut conformed Puritanism", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": " University of Cambridge\u2014\u200b\u200bbut conformed Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any particular denomination", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": " 18th century, Enlightenment ideas of the power of reason and free will became widespread among Congregationalist ministers", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": " Congregationalist ministers", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "05", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": " Common Sense Realism", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": " Common Sense Realism", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": " Common Sense Realism", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Charles W. Eliot", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": " Channing", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "James Bryant", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": " 1933\u20131953) reinvigorated creative scholarship to guarantee its preeminence among research institutions", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": " a trend throughout higher education in the United States", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": " segregated at Radcliffe, though more and more took Harvard classes. Nonetheless, Harvard's undergraduate population remained predominantly male", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": " Radcliffe, though more and more took Harvard classes. Nonetheless, Harvard's undergraduate population remained predominantly male", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of the State House", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": " 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": " 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston. The John W. Weeks Bridge", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston. The John W. Weeks Bridge", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston. The John W. Weeks Bridge", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": " fifty percent more land in Allston than in Cambridge", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": " shuttle service and/or a tram. Plans also call for sinking part of Storrow Drive (at Harvard's expense", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "Harvard has purchased tracts of land in Allston, a walk across the Charles River", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": " crimson, which is also the name of the Harvard sports teams and the daily newspaper, The Harvard Crimson", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": " crimson, which is also the name of the Harvard sports teams and the daily newspaper, The Harvard Crimson", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": " crimson, which is also the name of the Harvard sports teams and the daily newspaper, The Harvard Crimson", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": " crimson, which is also the name of the Harvard sports teams and the daily newspaper, The Harvard Crimson", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": " crimson", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": " $28 billion in September 2010", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": " $28 billion in September 2010", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": " $28 billion in September 2010", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": " $159 million", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": " $159 million", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": " $230 million", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": " Consul Duke Kent", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": " $230 million", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": " 2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": " 2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": " 2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": " 2007", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": " Advancement of Teaching, The New York Times, and some students have criticized Harvard for its reliance on teaching fellows for some aspects of undergraduate education", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": " four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises a minority of enrollments at the university", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": " four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises a minority of enrollments at the university", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": " September", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": " senior thesis and/or advanced course work. Students graduating in the top 4\u20135% of the class are awarded degrees summa cum laude", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": " degrees summa cum laude", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": " senior thesis and/or advanced course work. Students graduating in the top 4\u20135% of the class are awarded degrees summa cum laude", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": " $38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": " $38,000, with a total cost of attendance of $57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": " $38,000, with a total cost of attendance of $57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": " 88% of Harvard's aid for undergraduate students", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": " 88% of Harvard's aid for undergraduate students", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": " Cabot Science Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": " Cabot Science Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": " Cabot Science Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": " Cabot Science Library", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "Harvard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums. The Harvard Art Museums comprises three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Harvard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums. The Harvard Art Museums comprises three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Harvard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums. The Harvard Art Museums comprises three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": " 2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "ARWU) since 2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "ARWU) since 2003", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "The Harvard Crimson", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "The Harvard Crimson", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "The Harvard Crimson", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": " 1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": " 1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "Harvard's athletic rivalry with Yale", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Harvard's athletic rivalry with Yale", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": " Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": " Lavietes Pavilion", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": " cardio rooms", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": " 23", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": " 23 years", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": " 23 years, the Harvard-Yale Regatta was the original source of the athletic rivalry between the two schools", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": " 23 years", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": " Ban Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Theodore Roosevelt", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": " Civil rights leader W. E. B. Du Bois", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": " Harlan Hanson; poets Wallace Stevens, T. S. Eliot and E. E. Cummings; conductor Leonard Bernstein", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": ". E. Cummings; conductor Leonard Bernstein; cellist Yo Yo Ma; pianist and composer Charlie Albright", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": " NFL quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": ". O. Wilson, cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, physicists Lisa Randall and Roy Glauber", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": ". O. Wilson", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": ". O. Wilson, cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, physicists Lisa Randall and Roy Glauber", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": " 853,382 in 2014, it is the most populous city proper", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": " Florida", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": " Florida", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "550 km) north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "550 km) north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Jacksonville is in the First Coast region of northeast Florida", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Jacksonville is in the First Coast region of northeast Florida", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": " 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "Harbor improvements since the late 19th", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "Harbor improvements since the late 19th", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "Harbor improvements since the late 19th", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": " People from Jacksonville may be called \"Jacksonvillians\"", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": " pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": " 2500 BC", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": " 2500 BC", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": " pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": " pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": " Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": " Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": " Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": " Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": " Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "83, after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": " 1783, after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": " 1783, after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": " 1783, after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": " 1783, after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": " Confederate forces. The Skirmish of the Brick Church", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": " forces. The Skirmish of the Brick Church", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": " Confederate forces. The Skirmish of the Brick Church", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": " Confederate forces. The Skirmish of the Brick Church", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": " forces. The Skirmish of the Brick Church", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": " Grover Cleveland attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in the city on February 22, 1888", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": " Grover Cleveland attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in the city on February 22, 1888", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": " Grover Cleveland attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in the city on February 22, 1888", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": " Grover Cleveland attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in the city on February 22, 1888", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": " Grover Cleveland attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in the city on February 22, 1888", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": " May 3", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": " May 3", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": " May 3", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": " May 3", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": " Norman Studios", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": " Norman Studios", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": " Norman Studios", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": " Norman Studios", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": " 75.", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": " World War II", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": " urban sprawl after World War II", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": " education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": " tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": " education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": " annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base to improve services throughout the county", "57281d494b864d19001644be": " 11 officials were indicted and more were forced to resign. Jacksonville Consolidation, led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": " 11 officials were indicted", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": " 11 officials were indicted and more were forced to resign. Jacksonville Consolidation, led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": " Lower taxes, increased economic development, unification of the community, better public spending and effective administration", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": " City of Jacksonville", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": " October 1, 1968, the governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": " October 1, 1968, the governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": " Jacksonville", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": " $2.25 billion package", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "74.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "74.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "74.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "74.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "74.3 square miles", "572821274b864d1900164510": "188 m)", "572821274b864d1900164511": "188 m)", "572821274b864d1900164512": "188 m)", "572821274b864d1900164513": "188 m)", "572821274b864d1900164514": "188 m)", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "K\u00f6ppen Cfa", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": " mild weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "K\u00f6ppen Cfa", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": " mild weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": " July 11, 1879", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": " July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": " July 11, 1879", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": " July 11, 1879", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": " 1871", "572824f13acd2414000df590": " 1871", "572824f13acd2414000df591": " 1871", "572824f13acd2414000df592": " 1871", "572824f13acd2414000df593": " 1964", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida", "572826634b864d19001645bf": " twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[", "572826634b864d19001645c0": " twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": " 23.9% under the age of 18", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": " 23.9% under the age of 18", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": " 23.9", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": " 23.9", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": " Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": " $41 trillion in 2008", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": " $41 trillion in 2008", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": " Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": " Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": " three richest people in the world possess more financial assets than the lowest 48 nations", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": " $41 trillion in 2008", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": " $41 trillion in 2008", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": " $41 trillion in 2008", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": " University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": " July 22", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": " July 22", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": " PolitiFact", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": " July 22", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": " July 22, 2014, the \"richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": " July 22, 2014, the \"richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent\". Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": " July 22, 2014, the \"richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": " PolitiFact", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": " July 22", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "oclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "Neoclassical economics", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "Neoclassical economics", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "Neoclassical economics", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "Neoclassical economics", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": " The substitution of capital equipment", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": " The substitution of capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": " The substitution of capital equipment", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": " The substitution of capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": " The substitution of capital equipment", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": " The substitution of capital equipment", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": " The substitution of capital equipment", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": " The substitution of capital equipment", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": " The substitution of capital equipment", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": " any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality, outcomes that are widely viewed as unfair.\" Employers", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": " professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": " Professional and labor organizations", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": " Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": " Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": " The difference between the Gini index", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": " The difference between the Gini index", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": " tax system", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": " The difference between the Gini index", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": " increases as the taxable base amount increases", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": " The difference between the Gini index", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": " The difference between the Gini index", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": " The difference between the Gini index for an income distribution", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": " education", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": " The justification for this is that a lack of education leads directly to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": " The justification for this is that a lack of education leads directly to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": " education", "5729e1101d04691400779641": " education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": " education first increase and then decrease", "5729e1101d04691400779643": " The justification for this is that a lack of education leads directly to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings", "5729e1101d04691400779644": " The justification for this is that a lack of education leads directly to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "An important factor in the creation of inequality", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": " 2008-2009 recession", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": " education", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": " college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": " CEPR point to economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union membership as one of the causes of economic inequality", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5729e4291d04691400779651": " weak labor movements and vice-versa", "5729e4291d04691400779652": " organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes", "5729e4291d04691400779653": " weak labor movements and vice-versa", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "Sociologist Jake Rosenfield", "5729e4291d04691400779655": " weak labor movements and vice-versa", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15% of rising income inequality", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15% of rising income inequality", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": " Lawrence Katz", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15% of rising income inequality", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15% of rising income inequality", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": " Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15% of rising income inequality", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": " a view shared by other experts. Empirical economists Max Roser and Jesus Crespo-Cuares", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": " a view shared by other experts. Empirical economists Max Roser and Jesus Crespo-Cuares", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": " a view shared by other experts. Empirical economists Max Roser and Jesus Crespo-Cuares", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": " Thomas Sowell", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": " Thomas Sowell", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "owell", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": " Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": " Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "owell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": " Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "owell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": " in US once other factors are accounted for there is still a difference in earnings between women and men", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": " Simon Kuznets", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "ist Simon Kuznets", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": " Simon Kuznets", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": " Simon Kuznets", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": " various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": " Simon Kuznets", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": " Simon Kuznets", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": " various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": " various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": " decrease given time. As an example, income inequality did fall in the United States during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": " decrease given time. As an example, income inequality did fall in the United States during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": " Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": " decrease given time. As an example, income inequality did fall in the United States during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": " Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": " Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "Plotting the relationship between level of income and inequality", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": " decrease given time. As an example, income inequality did fall in the United States during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "Plotting the relationship between level of income and inequality", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "wealthy individuals", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "wealthy individuals", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "wealthy individuals", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "alth concentration is a theoretical[", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "wealthy individuals", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "wealthy individuals", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealthy individuals", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "alth", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "wealthy individuals", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": " Joseph Stiglitz", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": " A better explainer of growing inequality", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": " A better explainer of growing inequality", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": " Joseph Stiglitz", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": " Joseph Stiglitz", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": ".907). A similar relationship exists among US states", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": " Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": " Robert J. Shiller", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": " Robert J. Shiller", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": " Robert J. Shiller", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": " Robert J. Shiller", "572a06866aef0514001551be": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": " 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": " Americans", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": " Americans", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": " Americans", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": " 77", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": " Americans", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": " income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": " nine factors", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": " income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": " income inequality. Creating an index of \"Health and Social Problems\"", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": " 22 countries, correlates with greater equality but not per capita income", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "Crime rate has also been shown to be correlated with inequality in society. Most studies looking into the relationship have concentrated on homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "Crime rate has also been shown to be correlated with inequality in society. Most studies looking into the relationship have concentrated on homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "Crime", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "Crime", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "Crime", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": " Some studies have found evidence for this theory", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": " additional dollar", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": " Some studies have found evidence for this theory", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": " Some studies have found evidence for this theory", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": " Some studies have found evidence for this theory", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "meeding, and Tory, consumption inequality was actually lower in 2001 than it was in 1986", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": " Prosperity of the Poor\" by journalist Thomas B. Edsall", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "Conservative researchers have argued that income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income should be the measure of inequality", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": " of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": " Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": " of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": " of 2007\u201308 being the most recent example. To compensate for stagnating and declining purchasing power", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": " monetary stimulation", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": " a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels.\"", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": " International Monetary Fund economists, inequality in wealth and income is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": " a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": " a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels.\"", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": " a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels.\"", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": " Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": " redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": " redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": " redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": " redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": " Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milanovic", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": " Joseph Stiglitz", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": " Milanovic", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": " Joseph Stiglitz", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": " Joseph Stiglitz", "572a11663f37b31900478693": " Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", "572a11663f37b31900478694": " Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", "572a11663f37b31900478695": " Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", "572a11663f37b31900478696": " Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", "572a11663f37b31900478697": " Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation", "572a12381d0469140077972d": "Research", "572a12381d0469140077972e": "Research", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro", "572a12381d0469140077972f": " A study of Swedish counties", "572a13841d0469140077973b": " Kuznets curve", "572a13841d0469140077973c": " Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion", "572a13841d0469140077973d": " Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion", "572a13841d0469140077973e": " income inequality and growth", "572a13841d0469140077973f": " Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": " a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": " a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": " a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": " a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": " a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": " The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction \u2013 the growth elasticity of poverty \u2013 can depend on the existing level of inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": " The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction \u2013 the growth elasticity of poverty \u2013 can depend on the existing level of inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": " The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction \u2013 the growth elasticity of poverty \u2013 can depend on the existing level of inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": " The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction \u2013 the growth elasticity of poverty \u2013 can depend on the existing level of inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": " The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction \u2013 the growth elasticity of poverty \u2013 can depend on the existing level of inequality", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": " 14 years to build on government land. Other causes of extra-legal property are failures to notarize transaction documents", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": " 14 years to build on government land. Other causes of extra-legal property are failures to notarize transaction documents", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": " 14 years to build on government land. Other causes of extra-legal property are failures to notarize transaction documents", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": " 14 years to build on government land", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": " In some countries it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on government land", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": " Matlack), argue that a shortage of affordable housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": " decreased", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "148", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": " ad valorem property", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": " decreased as the demand for higher quality housing increased (Rhoda 1994:148", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": " debt. The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": " debt. The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": " debt. The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": " debt. The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": " The result leads to even greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": " Environmental Kuznets Curve", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": " Kuznets Curve", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": " Environmental Kuznets Curve", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": " Environmental Kuznets Curve", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": " a situation where a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": " a class of owners, creating a situation where a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": " a situation where a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": " a situation where a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": " a class of owners, creating a situation where a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": " a certain amount of redistribution would be justified to compensate for this force but not because of the inequalities themselves. John Rawls", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": " Some see Rawls's argument as a justification for capitalism", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": " Some see Rawls's argument as a justification for capitalism", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": " Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": " Some see Rawls's argument as a justification for capitalism", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": " \u201cdefines well-being as utility maximization\u201d, economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than the end itself", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": " \u201ccapability deprivation\u201d", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "The capabilities approach \u2013 sometimes called the human development approach", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": " \u201ccapability deprivation\u201d", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": " a better relevant income.", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": " education or working outside the home. There may be an epidemic that causes widespread panic, or there could be rampant violence", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": " the area that prevents people from going to work for fear of their lives", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": " the area that prevents people from going to work", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": " a better relevant income.", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": " BBC since 1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": " BBC since 1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": " BBC since 1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": " blue British police box", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": " a variety of foes, while working to save civilisations and help people in need.", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": " 1963 to 1989", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": " 2005", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": " 1996", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": " 1996 with a backdoor pilot, in the form of a television film. The programme was relaunched in 2005 by Russell T Davies", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": " 1996 with a backdoor pilot, in the form of a television film. The programme was relaunched in 2005 by Russell T Davies", "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "elve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": " Peter Capaldi", "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "elve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "elve", "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": " met each other. Peter Capaldi", "5727f2583acd2414000df087": " Gallifrey", "5727f2583acd2414000df088": " 40 TARDIS \u2013 \"Time and Relative Dimension in Space\"", "5727f2583acd2414000df089": " Gallifrey", "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": " Gallifrey", "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": " Gallifrey", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "The Doctor rarely travels alone", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": " minimal resources, such as his versatile sonic screwdriver", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": "The Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions to share these adventures", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "The Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions to share these adventures", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": " minimal resources, such as his versatile sonic screwdriver", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": " 17:16:20", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": " 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": " 1989", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": " 1989", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": " 1989", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": " 1989 by Jonathan Powell", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": " 1989", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": " Fox Network", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": " Fox Network", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": " Fox Network", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": " Fox Network", "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": " Fox Network", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": " 26 March 2005", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": " 26 March 2005", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": " 26 March 2005", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": " 26 March 2005", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": " 26 March 2005", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": " 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": " Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman[citation needed]) or set in the same universe as the original but in a different time period", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series[", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": " Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman[citation needed]) or set in the same universe", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": " Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman[citation needed]) or set in the same universe as the original but in a different time period", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": " minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": " minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": " minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": " minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": " US President John F. Kennedy", "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": " eerie, novel, and frightening", "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": " eerie, novel, and frightening", "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "The phrase \"Hiding behind (or 'watching from behind') the sofa", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": " 1972", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": " 1972", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": " family viewing", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": " 1972", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": " 1972", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": " TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": "The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": " public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": " TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "The image of the TARDIS has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness; BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn", "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": " 23 November 1963", "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": " 23 November 1963", "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": " 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": " 23 November 1963", "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": " 23 November 1963", "572801823acd2414000df1fb": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes", "572801823acd2414000df1fc": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes", "572801823acd2414000df1fd": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes", "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "The serial format changed for the 2005 revival, with each series usually consisting of 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes", "572801823acd2414000df1ff": " 13 45-minute, self-contained episodes", "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "826", "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "826", "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": " Four", "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "826 Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963, ranging between 25-minute episodes", "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "826 Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963", "572803493acd2414000df229": " 97", "572803493acd2414000df22a": " 97 of 253 episodes produced during the first six years of the programme are not held in the BBC's archives", "572803493acd2414000df22b": " 97 of 253 episodes produced during the first six years of the programme are not held in the BBC's archives", "572803493acd2414000df22c": " 97", "572803493acd2414000df22d": " 97", "572804522ca10214002d9b94": " private individuals who acquired them by various means. Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans", "572804522ca10214002d9b95": " fans", "572804522ca10214002d9b97": " private individuals who acquired them by various means. Early colour videotape", "572804522ca10214002d9b96": " Audio", "572804522ca10214002d9b98": " private individuals who acquired them by various means. Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans", "572805363acd2414000df26d": " VHS", "572805363acd2414000df26e": "HS", "572805363acd2414000df26f": " November 2006", "572805363acd2414000df270": " Theta-Sigma", "572805363acd2414000df271": " November 2006", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": " regeneration", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": " Hartnell", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": " William Hartnell", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": " Hartnell", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": " William Hartnell", "572808bf4b864d190016429a": " 12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations", "572808bf4b864d190016429b": " 12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations", "572808bf4b864d190016429c": " 12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations", "572808bf4b864d190016429d": " 12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations", "572808bf4b864d190016429e": " 12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations", "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": " Eccleston", "572809ab4b864d19001642af": " 1986 serial The Trial of a Time Lord", "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": " Eccleston", "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": " 1986 serial The Trial of a Time Lord", "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": " 1986 serial The Trial of a Time Lord", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": " Three Doctors, William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": " Three Doctors, William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": " Three Doctors, William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": " Space Museum", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": " Three Doctors, William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton returned alongside Jon Pertwee", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": " multiple Doctors have returned in new adventures together in audio dramas based on the series. Peter Davison, Colin Baker", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": " archive recordings of Jon Pertwee", "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": " Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": " Sylvester McCoy and Paul McGann came together again to star in the audio drama The Four Doctors", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": " adventures together in audio dramas based on the series. Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280e323acd2414000df349": " Mawdryn Undead (1983", "57280e323acd2414000df34a": " Mawdryn Undead (1983", "57280e323acd2414000df34b": " Mawdryn Undead (1983", "57280e323acd2414000df34c": " Mawdryn Undead (1983", "57280e323acd2414000df34d": " Mawdryn Undead (1983", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": " An Unearthly Child", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "The companion figure", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": " 1963", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": " 1963", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": " 1963", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": " 1963", "572811434b864d190016438c": " Moffat", "572811434b864d190016438d": " Donna Noble", "572811434b864d190016438e": " couple, Amy Pond", "572811434b864d190016438f": " Donna Noble (Catherine Tate) with Mickey Smith", "572811434b864d1900164390": " Donna Noble", "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": " reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nest", "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": " Nest", "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": " Russell T Davies stated his intention to reintroduce classic icons of Doctor Who one step at a time: the Autons with the Nest", "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": " Nest", "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": " Nest", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": " 1963, are Doctor Who's oldest villains. The Daleks are Kaleds", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": " Skaro", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": " 1963", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": " 1963", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": " main weakness is their eyestalk", "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": " 1973. The Master was briefly played by Peter Pratt", "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": " 1973. The Master was briefly played by Peter Pratt", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": " 1973. The Master was briefly played by Peter Pratt", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": " 1973. The Master was briefly played by Peter Pratt", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": " 1973. The Master was briefly played by Peter Pratt", "572814882ca10214002d9d72": " Tenth Doctor's tenure. As of the 2014 episode \"Dark Water,\" it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation", "572814882ca10214002d9d73": " Tenth Doctor's tenure. As of the 2014 episode \"Dark Water,\" it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation", "572814882ca10214002d9d74": " Tenth Doctor's tenure. As of the 2014 episode \"Dark Water,\" it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation", "572814882ca10214002d9d75": " Tenth Doctor's tenure. As of the 2014 episode \"Dark Water,\" it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation", "572814882ca10214002d9d76": " Michelle Gomez", "572816213acd2414000df429": " Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42a": " Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42b": " Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42c": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42d": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": "1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": "1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord", "572817802ca10214002d9db4": "1980), which was in turn replaced by Dominic Glynn's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord", "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": " Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, \"Voyage of the Damned", "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": " Classic FM", "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": " Classic FM", "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": " 228 of radio station Classic FM", "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": " Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, \"Voyage of the Damned", "572819864b864d190016447e": " Mankind, which reached number 24 in the UK charts", "572819864b864d190016447f": " Mankind, which reached number 24 in the UK charts", "572819864b864d1900164480": " Gallifrey And Beyond", "572819864b864d1900164481": " No. 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia", "572819864b864d1900164482": " No. 1 in the UK and No. 2 in Australia", "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": " Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": " Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": " Planet of Giants", "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": " Planet of Giants", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": " Murray Gold and Ben Foster", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": " Murray Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales from the 2005 Christmas episode \"The Christmas Invasion\"", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": " Daleks and Cybermen appeared whilst music from their stories was played. The concert aired on BBCi on Christmas Day 2006", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": " Murray Gold and Ben Foster", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": " 4 October 2010", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": "Six soundtrack releases", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "Six soundtrack releases", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": "Six soundtrack releases", "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": " 1973\u201380", "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": " 1973\u201380", "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": " 1973\u201380", "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": " 1973\u201380", "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": " 1973\u201380", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": " 1964\u20131965", "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": " 16 million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": " 1985", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": " 1985", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": " 16 million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": " 16 million", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": " four episodes have ever had their premiere showings on channels other than BBC One", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": " four episodes have ever had their premiere showings on channels other than BBC One", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": " four episodes have ever had their premiere showings on channels other than BBC One", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": " four episodes have ever had their premiere showings on channels other than BBC One", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": " 23 November", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": " 50th anniversary. The ABC broadcasts the modern series first run on ABC1", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": " Five Doctors", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": " 50th anniversary. The ABC broadcasts the modern series first run on ABC1", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": " 50th anniversary. The ABC broadcasts the modern series first run on ABC1", "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": " ABC1", "572825714b864d1900164590": " 24", "572825714b864d1900164591": " 24", "572825714b864d1900164592": " 24", "572825714b864d1900164593": " 24", "572825714b864d1900164594": " 24", "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": " Eccleston", "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": " 26 December 2005, Billie Piper recorded a special video introduction. CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006 at 20:00 E/P", "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": " CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006 at 20:00 E/P", "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": " 9 October 2006 at 20:00 E/P", "572826762ca10214002d9f30": " 26 December 2005, Billie Piper recorded a special video introduction. CBC began airing series two on 9 October 2006 at 20:00 E/P", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": " Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": " Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": " Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": " Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": " Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc", "572828383acd2414000df5c3": " Seven Keys to Doomsday", "572828383acd2414000df5c4": " Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", "572828383acd2414000df5c5": " Seven Keys to Doomsday", "572828383acd2414000df5c6": " Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", "572828383acd2414000df5c7": " Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday", "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": " 22 October 2006", "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": " 22 October 2006", "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": " 22 October 2006", "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": " 22 October 2006", "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": " 22 October 2006", "57282f204b864d190016468a": " 2007", "57282f204b864d190016468b": " 2007", "57282f204b864d190016468c": " 2007", "57282f204b864d190016468d": " 2007", "57282f204b864d190016468e": " 2007", "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": " EastEnders", "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": " EastEnders", "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": " EastEnders", "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": " EastEnders", "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": " EastEnders", "572831512ca10214002da04a": " Fatal Death, was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS", "572831512ca10214002da04b": " Comic Relief and later released on VHS", "572831512ca10214002da04c": " Comic Relief and later released on VHS", "572831512ca10214002da04d": " Fatal Death, was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS", "572831512ca10214002da04e": " Moffat", "572833662ca10214002da086": " Channel 4 series Queer as Folk", "572833662ca10214002da087": " Adult Swim comedy show Robot Chicken, the Family Guy episodes \"Blue Harvest\" and \"420\", and the game RuneScape", "572833662ca10214002da088": " Channel 4 series Queer as Folk", "572833662ca10214002da089": " Channel 4 series Queer as Folk", "572833662ca10214002da08a": " Channel 4 series Queer as Folk", "572834524b864d1900164716": " Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP", "572834524b864d1900164717": " Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP", "572834524b864d1900164718": " LP", "572834524b864d1900164719": " LP", "572834524b864d190016471a": " LP", "572835854b864d190016472e": " Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD", "572835854b864d190016472f": " Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD", "572835854b864d1900164730": " Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios", "572835854b864d1900164731": " Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios", "572835854b864d1900164732": " Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD", "572836732ca10214002da0dc": " the mid-sixties", "572836732ca10214002da0dd": " from the mid-sixties", "572836732ca10214002da0de": " Panini, as is the Doctor Who Adventures magazine for younger fans", "572836732ca10214002da0df": " Panini, as is the Doctor Who Adventures magazine for younger fans", "572836732ca10214002da0e0": " Panini, as is the Doctor Who Adventures magazine for younger fans", "572837402ca10214002da0f4": " BBC Television in the early 1960", "572837402ca10214002da0f5": " in the early 1960", "572837402ca10214002da0f6": " In this respect it is noteworthy that the BBC takes no position on the canonicity of any of such stories", "572837402ca10214002da0f7": " BBC", "572838323acd2414000df737": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes", "572838323acd2414000df738": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series", "572838323acd2414000df739": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series", "572838323acd2414000df73a": " Matt Smith became the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award", "572838323acd2414000df73b": "The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series", "57283a392ca10214002da118": " Peabody Awards", "57283a392ca10214002da119": " Peabody Awards", "57283a392ca10214002da11a": " Peabody Awards", "57283a392ca10214002da11b": "abody \"for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe.\" The programme is listed in Guinness World Records", "57283a392ca10214002da11c": " Peabody Awards", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": " Season 11", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": " Season 11", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": " 20th century", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": " Season 11", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": " 20th century", "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": " Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice", "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": " Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice", "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": " Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice", "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": " Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice", "57283ce72ca10214002da150": " Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": " Matt Smith", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": " Matt Smith", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": " Matt Smith", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": " Matt Smith", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": " Matt Smith", "57283e652ca10214002da166": "ooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live, The Chaser's War", "57283e652ca10214002da167": "ooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live, The Chaser's War", "57283e652ca10214002da168": "ooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live, The Chaser's War", "57283e652ca10214002da16a": "ooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live, The Chaser's War", "57283e652ca10214002da169": "ooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live, The Chaser's War", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or U of C", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or U of C", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or U of C", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": " enrolls approximately 5,000 students", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": " enrolls approximately 5,000 students", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": " Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratory", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "University of Chicago", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "University of Chicago", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": " of 2020", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": " oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": " oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": " oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "Founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": " oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": " oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": " oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": " oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": " oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": " oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller", "572843304b864d1900164848": " Des Moines College", "572843304b864d1900164849": " Kalamazoo College, Butler University, and Stetson University. In 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois", "572843304b864d190016484a": " Kalamazoo College, Butler University, and Stetson University. In 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College", "572843304b864d190016484b": " Kalamazoo College, Butler University, and Stetson University. In 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College", "572843304b864d190016484c": " Des Moines College", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": " Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": " Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": " four divisions. In 1933, Hutchins proposed an unsuccessful plan to merge the University of Chicago and Northwestern University", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": " Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": " Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": " crime and poverty", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": " declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": " examinations", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": " student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": " college", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": " university experienced its share of student unrest", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "The university experienced its share of student unrest", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": " unrest", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": " unrest", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": " unrest", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": " $200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": " $200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": " $200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": " $200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": " $300 million to the university's Booth School of Business", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": " University of Chicago", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": " University of Chicago", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": " University of Chicago", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": " Main Quadrangles, were part of a \"master plan\" conceived by two University of Chicago trustees and plotted by Chicago architect Henry Ives", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": " University of Chicago", "57284d484b864d1900164900": " Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles", "57284d484b864d1900164901": " Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan", "57284d484b864d1900164902": " Public Policy", "57284d484b864d1900164903": " Public Policy Studies", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": " University of Chicago also maintains facilities apart from its main campus. The university's Booth School of Business maintains campuses in Singapore", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": " Booth School", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": " Booth School of Business", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": " Booth School of Business", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": " Booth School", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": " Directly beneath the President are the Provost, fourteen Vice Presidents", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": " University of Chicago", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": " University of Chicago", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": " University of Chicago", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": " Directly beneath the President are the Provost, fourteen Vice Presidents", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The academic bodies of the University of Chicago", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": " University of Chicago", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": " University of Chicago", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": " College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50 academic majors and 28 minors", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": " College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50 academic majors and 28 minors", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": " College of the University of Chicago", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": " College of the University of Chicago", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": " Common Core. In 2012-2013, the Core classes at Chicago were limited to 17 students", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": " 17 students", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": " 17 students", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": " 17 students", "572855973acd2414000df925": "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df926": "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df927": "The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df928": " university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df929": " and visiting scholars to present scholarly work in progress. The university also operates the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press in the United States", "572856beff5b5019007da190": " 9.8 million volumes, the 11th most among library systems in the United States", "572856beff5b5019007da191": " 9.8 million volumes, the 11th most among library systems in the United States", "572856beff5b5019007da192": " University of Chicago Library", "572856beff5b5019007da193": " July 8, 2013", "572856beff5b5019007da194": " 11th most among library systems in the United States", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": " Argonne National Laboratory", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": " 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": " Fermilab, a nearby particle physics laboratory, as well as a stake in the Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico. Faculty", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": " University of Chicago", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": " University of Chicago", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": " University of Chicago", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": " 1953 by Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": " 1933", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": " 1933", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": " 1933", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": " 1933", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": " thousand major and non-major undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes", "572863363acd2414000df985": ".8%", "572863363acd2414000df986": ".8%", "572863363acd2414000df987": ".8%", "572863363acd2414000df988": ".8%", "572863363acd2414000df989": ".8%", "572864542ca10214002da2de": " University Athletic Association (UAA", "572864542ca10214002da2df": " University Athletic Association (UAA", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": " Maroons", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": " Maroons", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "The Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "Students at the University of Chicago run over 400 clubs", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Students at the University of Chicago", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "Students at the University of Chicago run over 400 clubs", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": " University of Chicago", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": " troupe Off-Off Campus, and the university-owned radio station WHPK", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": " $2 million", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": " $2 million", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": " $2 million", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": " $2 million", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "orities at the University of Chicago", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "orities at the University of Chicago", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": " undergraduates were members of fraternities", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "orities are members of the National Panhellenic Conference, and ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": " undergraduates were members of fraternities", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "Every May", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": " Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": " Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": " Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": " Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": " Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": " Saul Alinsky", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": " Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller \"The Closing of the American Mind\" Allan Bloom", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": " Saul Bellow", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": " Philip Roth", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": " Philip Roth", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": " Philip Roth", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": " Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": " Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": " Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": " Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": " Philip Glass", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": " Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": " Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": " Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": " Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": " physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": " social theorist, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": " social theorist, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": " social theorist, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": " social theorist, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": " australopithecine known as \"Lucy\"", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": " australopithecine known as \"Lucy\"", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": " australopithecine known as \"Lucy\"", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": " A. A. Michelson", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": " Enrico Fermi", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": " Enrico Fermi", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": " Enrico Fermi", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": " Enrico Fermi", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": " Friedrich Hayek", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": " Friedrich Hayek", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": " Friedrich Hayek", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": " Friedrich Hayek", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": " Friedrich Hayek", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": " Marshall Sahlins, historian Dipesh Chakrabarty, paleontologists Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": " President Barack Obama's Council of Economic Advisors Austan Goolsbee", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": " Marshall Sahlins, historian Dipesh Chakrabarty, paleontologists Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": " Marshall Sahlins, historian Dipesh Chakrabarty, paleontologists Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": " Marshall Sahlins, historian Dipesh Chakrabarty, paleontologists Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": " 1368, after which its Genghisid rulers returned to their Mongolian homeland and continued to rule the Northern Yuan dynasty", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": " 1368, after which its Genghisid rulers returned to their Mongolian homeland and continued to rule the Northern Yuan dynasty", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": " 1368, after which its Genghisid rulers returned to their Mongolian homeland and continued to rule the Northern Yuan dynasty", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": " 1368, after which its Genghisid rulers returned to their Mongolian homeland and continued to rule the Northern Yuan dynasty", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": " 1368", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "The Yuan dynasty is considered both a successor to the Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "\u00f6ngke Khan", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "The Yuan dynasty", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": " 1271, Kublai Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": " D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n; Wade\u2013Giles: Ta-Y\u00fcan), establishing the Yuan dynasty", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": " 1271, Kublai Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": " 1271, Kublai Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": " 12", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": " Jin dynasty", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": " Jin dynasty", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": " Jin dynasty", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": " Jin dynasty", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": " Jin dynasty", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": " Khitan defected to the Mongols", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": " 4 Han Tumens and 3 Khitan Tumens, with each Tumen consisting of 10,000 troops", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": " Khitan defected to the Mongols", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": " Khitan defected to the Mongols", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": " 10,000 troops", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": " Mongol forces upon their invasion of the Jin dynasty", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": " Mongol forces upon their invasion of the Jin dynasty", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": " Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": " Mongol forces upon their invasion of the Jin dynasty", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": " Mongol forces upon their invasion of the Jin dynasty", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "ke Khan commenced a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": " 1256", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": " Chinese Song dynasty", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": " Chinese Song dynasty", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": " Song dynasty", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": " domestic unrest. Li Tan", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": " domestic unrest. Li Tan, the son-in-law of a powerful official, instigated a revolt against Mongol rule in 1262", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": " domestic unrest. Li Tan, the son-in-law of a powerful official, instigated a revolt against Mongol rule in 1262", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": " domestic unrest. Li Tan, the son-in-law of a powerful official, instigated a revolt against Mongol rule in 1262", "572867d72ca10214002da300": " domestic unrest. Li Tan, the son-in-law of a powerful official, instigated a revolt against Mongol rule in 1262", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": " iron. He restored the Imperial Secretariat", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": " iron. He restored the Imperial Secretariat", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": " iron. He restored the Imperial Secretariat", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": " iron. He restored the Imperial Secretariat", "572869b84b864d19001649af": " iron. He restored the Imperial Secretariat", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": " Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": " 1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": " Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": " Mongolia", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": " Pax Mongolica, Mongol peace, enabled the spread of technologies, commodities, and culture between China and the West", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": " Mongol peace, enabled the spread of technologies, commodities, and culture between China and the West", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": " Pax Mongolica, Mongol peace, enabled the spread of technologies, commodities, and culture between China and the West", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": " Pax Mongolica", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": " Pax Mongolica, Mongol peace, enabled the spread of technologies, commodities, and culture between China and the West", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": " Goryeo era Korea", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": " Goryeo era Korea", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": " 30,000. During the Yuan dynasty, one of Confucius' descendants moved from China to Goryeo era Korea", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": " The conquest of the Song reunited northern and southern China", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": " The last Song emperor drowned, bringing an end to the Song dynasty", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": " The last Song emperor drowned, bringing an end to the Song dynasty", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": " The last Song emperor drowned, bringing an end to the Song dynasty", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": " The conquest of the Song reunited northern and southern China", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": " The Tran dynasty", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": " The Tran dynasty", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Chen) clan", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": " The Tran dynasty", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": " The Tran dynasty", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": " 1294 to 1307", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": " 1294 to 1307", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": " 1294 to 1307", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": " 1294 to 1307", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": " 1294 to 1307", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": " Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": " Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": " Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": " Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": " 1321 to 1323", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": " Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": " 1321 to 1323", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": " 1328", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "ibagh known as the War of the Two Capitals", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": " poison by El Tem\u00fcr, and Tugh Tem\u00fcr then remounted the throne", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": " Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr died", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Kusala officials and brought power to warlords, whose despotic rule clearly marked the decline of the dynasty", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": " Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": " Guangxi and succeeded to the throne", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": " Guangxi and succeeded to the throne", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": " Guangxi and succeeded to the throne", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": " Guangxi and succeeded to the throne", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": " Guangxi and succeeded to the throne", "572872822ca10214002da374": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", "572872822ca10214002da375": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", "572872822ca10214002da376": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", "572872822ca10214002da377": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", "572872822ca10214002da378": "The final years of the Yuan dynasty", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": " 1340s", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": " Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": " a rapid weakening of the central government", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": " no choice but to rely on local warlords' military power, and gradually lost his interest in politics and ceased to intervene in political struggles", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": " 1340", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "vernacular. The political unity of China and much of central Asia promoted trade between East and West. The Mongols", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": " Ilkhanate, encouraged this development. Buddhism", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "vernacular. The political unity of China and much of central Asia promoted trade between East and West. The Mongols", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": " Ilkhanate, encouraged this development. Buddhism", "572879574b864d1900164a14": "orianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism", "572879574b864d1900164a15": "orianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "orianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism", "572879574b864d1900164a17": "orianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism", "572879574b864d1900164a18": " Yuan court, probably in the hope of maintaining order over Han society", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": " 1299", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": " 1299", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": " 1299", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": " 1299", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": " 1299. Some argue over the accuracy of Marco Polo's accounts due to the lack of mentioning the Great Wall of China", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": " 365.2425 days", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": " 365.2425 days", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "The Yuan", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": " 365.2425 days", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "The Yuan", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": " historiography of China, on the other hand, the Yuan dynasty is usually considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": " historiography of China, on the other hand, the Yuan dynasty is usually considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": " historiography of China, on the other hand, the Yuan dynasty is usually considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": " historiography of China, on the other hand, the Yuan dynasty is usually considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": " Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": " Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": " tripartite division of authority among civil, military, and censorial offices", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": " tripartite division of authority among civil, military, and censorial offices", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": " tripartite division of authority among civil, military, and censorial offices", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": " legal system, the Ministry of Justice, did not extend to legal cases involving Mongols", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": " institutions. For example, the authority of the Yuan legal system, the Ministry of Justice, did not extend to legal cases involving Mongols", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": " legal cases involving Mongols", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": " legal system, the Ministry of Justice, did not extend to legal cases involving Mongols", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": " 1269, the 'Phags-pa script, a unified script for spelling Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese languages", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": " Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": " calligraphy, the Song dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": " Song dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": " Song dynasty and the Yuan dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": " calligraphy, the Song dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": " calligraphy, the Song dynasty", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": " Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": " Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": " were many religions practiced during the Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": " Yuan dynasty, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": " supervise Buddhist monks throughout the empire", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "Advances in polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "Advances in polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "1249", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "Advances in polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "Advances in polynomial algebra", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": " 1281 as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": " 1281 as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty. The calendar may have been influenced solely by the work of Song dynasty astronomer Shen Kuo", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": " 1281 as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty", "572881022ca10214002da416": " Imperial Academy of Medicine", "572881022ca10214002da417": " Yuan government and were given special legal privileges. Kublai created the Imperial Academy of Medicine", "572881022ca10214002da418": "The physicians of the Yuan court came from diverse cultures. Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi", "572881022ca10214002da419": " Imperial Academy of Medicine", "572881022ca10214002da41a": " Imperial Academy of Medicine", "572881704b864d1900164a50": " Wei Yilin", "572881704b864d1900164a51": " Wei Yilin", "572881704b864d1900164a52": " Wei Yilin", "572881704b864d1900164a53": " Wei Yilin", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277\u20131347) invented a suspension method for reducing dislocated joints", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": " No Chinese translation of Western medical works is known, but it is possible that the Chinese had access to Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": " No Chinese translation of Western medical works is known, but it is possible that the Chinese had access to Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": " No Chinese translation of Western medical works is known, but it is possible that the Chinese had access to Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": " No Chinese translation of Western medical works is known, but it is possible that the Chinese had access to Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": " No Chinese translation of Western medical works is known, but it is possible that the Chinese had access to Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine", "572882242ca10214002da420": " Kingdom of Qocho", "572882242ca10214002da421": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho", "572882242ca10214002da422": " 12th century. However, most published works were still produced through traditional block printing", "572882242ca10214002da423": "The Mongol rulers patronized the Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho", "572882242ca10214002da424": " Yuan printing industry. Chinese printing technology was transferred to the Mongols through Kingdom of Qocho", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": " bronze plates in 1275. The Mongols experimented with establishing the Chinese-style paper monetary system in Mongol-controlled territories outside of China", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": " bronze plates in 1275. The Mongols experimented with establishing the Chinese-style paper monetary system in Mongol-controlled territories outside of China", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": " bronze plates in 1275. The Mongols experimented with establishing the Chinese-style paper monetary system in Mongol-controlled territories outside of China", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": " bronze plates in 1275. The Mongols experimented with establishing the Chinese-style paper monetary system in Mongol-controlled territories outside of China", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": " bronze plates in 1275. The Mongols experimented with establishing the Chinese-style paper monetary system in Mongol-controlled territories outside of China", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": " few North Chinese or Southerners", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": " few North Chinese or Southerners", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": " few North Chinese or Southerners", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": " few North Chinese or Southerners", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": " few North Chinese or Southerners", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": " China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": " China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": " Bukhara in Central Asia", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": " China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": " China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": " Emperors severely discriminated against them, restricting Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices like circumcision, as well as Kosher butchering for Jews", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": " a Chinese surname which meant \"barracks\"", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": " Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": " a Chinese surname which meant \"barracks\"", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": " the Ispah Rebellion", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": " Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": " Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": " Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": " Frederick W. Mote", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": " Major commerce during this era gave rise to favorable conditions for private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": " Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": " Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": " Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": " Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": " Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": " Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": " Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": " Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": " Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of present-day Inner Mongolia", "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": " Kenya", "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": " East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi", "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": " East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi", "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": " Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi", "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": " July 2014", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": "Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": "Kenya has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "Kenya has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "Kenya has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": "Kenya has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": " By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": " By the first millennium AD, the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": " Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97% of the nation's residents", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": " The British Empire", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": " December 1963", "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": " Prehistoric volcanic eruptions of Mount Kenya (now extinct", "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "The Republic of Kenya", "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "The Republic of Kenya", "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": " Kenia and Kegnia", "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "Ludwig Krapf recorded the name as both Kenia and Kegnia", "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": " 1862", "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": " 1862", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": " Two million wildebeest", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": " Two million wildebeest", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": " Two million wildebeest", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": " Two million wildebeest migrate a distance of 2,900 kilometres (1,802 mi) from the Serengeti in neighbouring Tanzania", "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": " Two million wildebeest migrate a distance of 2,900 kilometres (1,802 mi) from the Serengeti in neighbouring Tanzania", "5728fa576aef051400154920": "ossils", "5728fa576aef051400154921": "Fossils", "5728fa576aef051400154922": "ossils found in Kenya", "5728fa576aef051400154923": "Fossils found in Kenya", "5728fa576aef051400154924": " 20 million years ago", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": " Swahili built Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": "The Swahili built Mombasa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": " Duarte Barbosa", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": " foreign powers", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": " foreign powers", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": " foreign powers", "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": " German East Africa agreed a truce in an attempt to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities. Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f60": " German East Africa agreed a truce in an attempt to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities. Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f61": " von Lettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f62": " German East Africa agreed a truce in an attempt to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities. Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck", "5729024f1d04691400778f63": " fourteen days after the Armistice was signed in 1918", "572903d96aef0514001549a4": " over a million members of the Kikuyu people", "572903d96aef0514001549a5": " over a million members of the Kikuyu people", "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "The central highlands were already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people", "572903d96aef0514001549a7": " white settlers living in Kenya in the 1950s", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote (aka General China) on 15 January 1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": " Mau Mau command structure. Operation Anvil", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote (aka General China) on 15 January 1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": "686 Mau Mau, amounting to 42% of the total insurgents", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "The capture of War\u0169hi\u0169 Itote", "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": " 12 months later on 12 December 1964, Kenya became a republic", "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": " 12 months later on 12 December 1964, Kenya became a republic", "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": " 12 December 1963 with independence being conferred on all of Kenya", "572906e23f37b31900477f90": " country under the Kenya Independence Act 1963", "572906e23f37b31900477f91": " 12 months later on 12 December 1964, Kenya became a republic", "572909406aef0514001549dc": " Daniel arap Moi won re-election", "572909406aef0514001549dd": "The election held in 1988 saw the advent of the mlolongo (queuing) system", "572909406aef0514001549de": " Daniel arap Moi", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": " National Assembly", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": " National Assembly", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": " National Assembly", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": " National Assembly", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": " National Assembly", "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": "Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": "Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "Kenya", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "Kenya ranks low on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index", "57290d811d04691400778fcf": " Orange Democratic Movement", "57290d811d04691400778fd0": " Orange Democratic Movement", "57290d811d04691400778fd1": " Orange Democratic Movement", "57290d811d04691400778fd2": " Kibaki under the Party of National Unity ran for re-election against the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement", "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": "AABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi \u2013 in the magazine D+C", "57290e153f37b31900477fda": " Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya started peace meetings and the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation process was started.", "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": "AABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi \u2013 in the magazine D+C", "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": "AABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi \u2013 in the magazine D+C", "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": " 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": " 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": " 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": " 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": " 28 February 2008, Kibaki and Odinga signed an agreement on the formation of a coalition government", "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "The new office of the PM", "57290f963f37b31900477fec": " national TV from the steps of Nairobi's Harambee House", "57290f963f37b31900477fed": " national TV from the steps of Nairobi's Harambee House", "57290f963f37b31900477fee": " PM will have power and authority to co-ordinate and supervise the functions of the Government and will be occupied by an elected MP", "57290f963f37b31900477fef": " MP who will be the leader of the party or coalition with majority members in Parliament", "572913626aef051400154a30": " 4 August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a31": " 4 August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a32": " Kenyans a bill of rights. It was promulgated on 27 August 2010 at a euphoric ceremony in Nairobi's Uhuru Park", "572913626aef051400154a33": " 27 August 2010 at a euphoric ceremony in Nairobi's Uhuru Park", "572913626aef051400154a34": " 4 August 2010", "572914441d04691400779025": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill, arguing that it infringed on democratic freedoms.", "572914441d04691400779026": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill, arguing that it infringed on democratic freedoms. The governments", "572914441d04691400779027": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill", "572914441d04691400779028": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill", "572914441d04691400779029": " nine Western countries criticised the security bill", "572914f46aef051400154a46": " Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto", "572914f46aef051400154a47": " Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto", "572914f46aef051400154a48": " William Ruto", "572914f46aef051400154a49": " Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto", "572915621d0469140077902f": "The armed forces are regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions around the world", "572915621d04691400779030": " armed forces", "572915621d04691400779031": " armed forces", "572915e43f37b31900478005": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces", "572915e43f37b31900478006": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces, like many government institutions in the country, have been tainted by corruption", "572915e43f37b31900478007": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces, like many government institutions in the country, have been tainted by corruption", "572915e43f37b31900478008": "Kenya\u2019s armed forces, like many government institutions in the country, have been tainted by corruption", "572916f16aef051400154a56": " Kenyans lived on less than $1.25 a day", "572916f16aef051400154a57": " Kenyans lived on less than $1.25 a day", "572916f16aef051400154a58": " Kenyans lived on less than $1.25 a day", "572916f16aef051400154a59": " Kenyans lived on less than $1.25 a day", "572917743f37b3190047800d": " small portion of the population relies on food aid.[citation needed] Industry", "572917743f37b3190047800f": " small portion of the population relies on food aid.[citation needed] Industry", "572917743f37b31900478010": " small portion of the population relies on food aid.[citation needed] Industry", "572917743f37b3190047800e": " small portion of the population relies on food aid.[citation needed] Industry", "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "Kenya", "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": "Kenya's services sector, which contributes 61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism", "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "Kenya's services sector, which contributes 61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism", "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "Kenya's services sector, which contributes 61% of GDP", "572917ff6aef051400154a61": "Kenya", "572918bd3f37b31900478016": " service sector. In 2005 agriculture, including forestry and fishing, accounted for 24% of GDP", "572918bd3f37b31900478017": " service sector", "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "Agriculture is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product", "572918bd3f37b31900478018": "Agriculture is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product", "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics", "57291a7b1d04691400779040": "A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics", "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "Arid Tropics", "57291a7b1d04691400779042": "Arid Tropics", "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "Arid Tropics", "57291b461d04691400779049": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum", "57291b461d0469140077904a": " August and September 2011", "57291b461d0469140077904b": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum", "57291b461d0469140077904c": " August and September 2011", "57291b461d0469140077904d": "Tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum", "57291beb1d04691400779053": " cement production industry.[citation needed] Kenya has an oil refinery", "57291beb1d04691400779054": " cement production industry.[citation needed] Kenya has an oil refinery", "57291beb1d04691400779055": " cement production industry.[citation needed] Kenya has an oil refinery", "57291beb1d04691400779056": " cement production industry.[citation needed] Kenya has an oil refinery", "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the US Government's African Growth and Opportunity Act", "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "Kenya", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "142 megawatts between 2001 and 2003. The state-owned Kenya Electricity Generating Company", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "142 megawatts between 2001 and 2003", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": "142 megawatts", "57291f153f37b31900478043": "Kenya has proven deposits of oil in Turkana", "57291f153f37b31900478044": " Petroleum accounts for 20% to 25% of the national import bill", "57291f153f37b31900478045": " Petroleum accounts for 20% to 25% of the national import bill", "57291f153f37b31900478046": " Petroleum accounts for 20% to 25% of the national import bill", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": " Kenyatta's 2013 trip to Beijing", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": " Kenyatta's 2013 trip to Beijing", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": " Kenyatta's 2013 trip to Beijing", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": " Kenyatta's 2013 trip to Beijing", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": " Kenyatta's 2013 trip to Beijing", "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": " Medium Term Plan that will be launched in the coming months", "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": " Medium Term Plan that will be launched in the coming months", "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": " Medium Term Plan that will be launched in the coming months", "57292046af94a219006aa0be": " Medium Term Plan that will be launched in the coming months", "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": " Medium Term Plan that will be launched in the coming months", "572920d73f37b31900478055": "Child labour is common in Kenya", "572920d73f37b31900478056": "Child labour", "572920d73f37b31900478057": "Child labour", "572920d73f37b31900478058": " No. 81 on labour inspection", "572921646aef051400154a78": "Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili", "572921646aef051400154a79": "Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English", "572921646aef051400154a7a": "Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili", "572921646aef051400154a7b": "Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili", "572922206aef051400154a8a": "21,200 of Kenyans are Orthodox Christians", "572922206aef051400154a8b": "21,200 of Kenyans are Orthodox Christians", "572922206aef051400154a8c": "21,200 of Kenyans are Orthodox", "572922206aef051400154a8d": "21,200 of Kenyans are Orthodox Christians", "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": " 11.2%, indigenous beliefs 1.7%), and nonreligious 2.4", "57292449af94a219006aa0de": " 11.2%, indigenous beliefs 1.7%), and nonreligious 2.4", "57292449af94a219006aa0df": " 11.2%, indigenous beliefs 1.7%), and nonreligious 2.4", "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": " 11.", "572924b53f37b31900478067": "Nurses", "572924b53f37b31900478068": "Nurses treat 80% of the population who visit dispensaries", "572924b53f37b31900478069": " 80% of the population who visit dispensaries", "572924b53f37b3190047806a": " 80% of the population who visit dispensaries", "572925491d046914007790c3": " Kenyans live below the poverty level", "572925491d046914007790c4": "Diseases of poverty directly correlate with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution: Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level", "572925491d046914007790c5": " Kenyans live below the poverty level", "572925491d046914007790c6": " malaria in 2006", "572925491d046914007790c7": " malaria in 2006", "572925a81d046914007790cd": " 7\u2013", "572925a81d046914007790ce": " 12 December 1963, an authority named the Ominde Commission was formed to introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty", "572925a81d046914007790cf": "Kenya", "572925a81d046914007790d0": " 12 December 1963, an authority named the Ominde Commission was formed to introduce changes that would reflect the nation's sovereignty", "572925a81d046914007790d1": " 7\u2013", "572926086aef051400154ac2": " 7\u20134\u20132\u20133 system be changed to an 8\u20134\u20134 system", "572926086aef051400154ac3": " 7\u20134\u20132\u20133 system be changed to an 8\u20134\u20134 system", "572926086aef051400154ac4": " 7\u20134\u20132\u20133 system be changed to an 8\u20134\u20134 system", "572926086aef051400154ac5": " 1992", "572926653f37b31900478079": " school drop-outs at all levels either to be self-employed or to secure employment in the informal sector.", "572926653f37b3190047807a": " 8\u20134\u20134 system was launched in January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807b": " 8\u2013", "572926653f37b3190047807c": " 8\u20134\u20134 system was launched in January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807d": " 8\u20134\u20134 system was launched in January 1985", "572926d23f37b31900478083": " six years", "572926d23f37b31900478084": " six", "572926d23f37b31900478085": " six", "572926d23f37b31900478086": " six", "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "/7-13/14", "5729276c1d046914007790d8": " 6/7-13/14", "5729276c1d046914007790d9": " literacy level stands at 85%", "5729276c1d046914007790da": " 6/7-13/14", "5729276c1d046914007790db": " 6/7-13/14", "572927d06aef051400154ade": " Kenya National Library Service", "572927d06aef051400154adf": " public library is seen as a peoples university", "572927d06aef051400154ae0": " university", "572927d06aef051400154ae1": " university", "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": " Kalenjin) continue to dominate the world of distance running, although competition from Morocco and Ethiopia has reduced this supremacy", "5729281baf94a219006aa120": "Kenya", "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "Kenya", "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "Kenya", "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver", "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics", "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics", "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics", "572928bf6aef051400154af4": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics", "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": "Kenya has been a dominant force in women's volleyball", "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": " IRB Sevens World Series for the 2006 season. Kenya was also a regional powerhouse in soccer", "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": "Kenya has been a dominant force in women's volleyball within Africa, with both the clubs and the national team winning various continental championships in the past", "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": " Lucas Onyango", "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": " March 2007", "57292994af94a219006aa131": " motor rallying arena, Kenya is home to the world famous Safari Rally", "57292994af94a219006aa132": " Safari Rally", "57292994af94a219006aa133": " Safari Rally, commonly acknowledged as one of the toughest rallies in the world. It was a part of the World Rally Championship", "572929d56aef051400154b0a": " Ugali", "572929d56aef051400154b0b": " three meals", "572929d56aef051400154b0c": " Ugali", "572929d56aef051400154b0d": " Ugali with vegetables, sour milk, meat, fish or any other stew is generally eaten by much of the population for lunch or supper", "57293b843f37b31900478133": " 43/53", "57293b843f37b31900478134": " 43/53", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)", "57293b843f37b31900478137": " 43/53", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Korean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "orean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": " October 8", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": " seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": " seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations", "57293c246aef051400154bba": " seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": " seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": " Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": " Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": " Trust Fund, established in 1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": " Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": " Trust Fund, established in 1989", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "The IPCC", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": " ten to fifteen \"lead authors\", and a somewhat larger number of \"contributing authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": " a number of authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": " a number of authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": " meet stylistic and formatting requirements, and reporting to the Working Group", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "Each chapter has a number of authors", "57293e221d046914007791d5": " over half the enhanced greenhouse effect", "57293e221d046914007791d6": " over half the enhanced greenhouse effect.", "57293e221d046914007791d7": " over half the enhanced greenhouse effect", "57293e221d046914007791d8": " over half the enhanced greenhouse effect.", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": " 16", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": " 16", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": " 16", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": " 16", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": " 16", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "IPCC author Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "IPCC author Richard Lindzen has made a number of criticisms of the TAR", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "IPCC author Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "IPCC author Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "IPCC author Richard Lindzen", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": " Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN)", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "SRREN)", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "SREX). Both Special Reports were requested by governments.", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": " two IPCC Special Report were finalized", "572940246aef051400154bec": "The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", "572940246aef051400154bed": "The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council", "572940246aef051400154bee": " default emission factors, which are factors used to derive emissions estimates based on the levels of fuel consumption, industrial production and so on.", "572940246aef051400154bef": " UNEP", "572940973f37b319004781a5": " 2035", "572940973f37b319004781a6": " 2035", "572940973f37b319004781a7": " 2035", "572940973f37b319004781a8": " 2035", "572941273f37b319004781ad": " Martin Parry", "572941273f37b319004781ae": " Martin Parry", "572941273f37b319004781af": " chairman Robert Watson", "572941273f37b319004781b0": " Martin Parry", "572941273f37b319004781b1": " Martin Parry", "57294209af94a219006aa201": " 2007. The MBH99 finding was supported by cited reconstructions by Jones et al. 1998", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "AR) prominently featured a graph labeled \"Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction\" based on a 1999 paper by Michael E. Mann", "57294209af94a219006aa203": " 20th century. The schematic was not an actual plot", "57294209af94a219006aa204": " 2007. The MBH99 finding was supported by cited reconstructions by Jones et al. 1998", "57294279af94a219006aa209": " MBH99", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "arian John Lawrence Daly", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "arian John Lawrence Daly", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "arian John Lawrence Daly", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": " MBH99", "572943ab1d04691400779219": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": " 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": " 23", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "AR4) published in 2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": " 12 proxy based temperature reconstructions, including the three highlighted in the 2001 Third Assessment Report (TAR); Mann, Bradley & Hughes 1999", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": " Ten of these 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": " Ten of these 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer. Most reconstructions shared some data series, particularly tree ring data", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": " Ten of these 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years", "572945b11d0469140077922f": " 1 February 2007, the eve of the publication", "572945b11d04691400779230": " 1 February 2007, the eve of the publication", "572945b11d04691400779231": " 1 February 2007, the eve of the publication", "572945b11d04691400779232": " 1 February 2007, the eve of the publication", "572949306aef051400154c68": "Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them", "572949306aef051400154c69": " 9\u201388 cm as projected by the IPCC itself in its Third Assessment Report, published in 2001", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them", "572949306aef051400154c6b": " scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "enheimer", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Michael Oppenheimer", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "Michael Oppenheimer", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": " broad science consensus while states and governments still follow different, if not opposing goals. The underlying linear model of policy-making", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": " broad science consensus while states and governments still follow different, if not opposing goals. The underlying linear model of policy-making", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": " broad science consensus while states and governments still follow different, if not opposing goals. The underlying linear model of policy-making", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": " Stern Review ordered by the UK government made a stronger argument in favor to combat human-made climate change", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": " Stern Review ordered by the UK government made a stronger argument in favor to combat human-made climate change", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": " no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": " public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger. The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": " a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence from one assessment report", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": " release", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": " a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence from one assessment report", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "IPCC. Other recommendations included that the panel employ a full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": " full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": " full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": " full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes to avoid political interference", "572953013f37b3190047824d": " carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle", "572953013f37b3190047824e": "Chloroplasts", "572953013f37b3190047824f": "Chloroplasts", "572953013f37b31900478250": "Chloroplasts", "572953013f37b31900478251": " 1 in algae up to 100 in plants", "5729544c3f37b31900478257": " two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria", "5729544c3f37b31900478258": " two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria", "5729544c3f37b31900478259": " two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria", "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": " two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria", "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": " two to reproduce. Their behavior is strongly influenced by environmental factors like light color and intensity. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria", "572956c86aef051400154d1a": " plants and algae", "572956c86aef051400154d1b": "Chloroplasts", "572956c86aef051400154d1c": "Chloroplasts", "572956c86aef051400154d1d": " 1905 after Andreas Schimper observed in 1883 that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts are only found in plants", "572956c86aef051400154d1e": " 1905 after Andreas Schimper observed in 1883 that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts are only found in plants", "572957361d046914007792cf": " two cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d0": " chloroplasts. They are sometimes called blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes", "572957361d046914007792d2": " two cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d3": " two cell membranes", "572957361d046914007792d1": " two cell membranes", "572957ad1d046914007792d9": " billion years ago, a free-living cyanobacterium entered an early eukaryotic cell", "572957ad1d046914007792da": " billion years ago, a free-living cyanobacterium entered an early eukaryotic cell", "572957ad1d046914007792db": " two innermost lipid-bilayer membranes that surround all chloroplasts", "572957ad1d046914007792dc": " two innermost lipid-bilayer membranes that surround all chloroplasts", "572957ad1d046914007792dd": " two innermost lipid-bilayer membranes that surround all chloroplasts", "5729582b1d046914007792e3": " cyanobacterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e4": " cyanobacterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", "5729582b1d046914007792e5": " lineages\u2014the glaucophyte chloroplast lineage", "5729582b1d046914007792e6": " lineages\u2014the glaucophyte chloroplast lineage", "5729582b1d046914007792e7": " chloroplasts, which can be traced back directly to a cyanobacterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids", "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": " 13 species", "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": " 13 species, and is thought to be the one that branched off the earliest. Glaucophytes have chloroplasts", "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophyte, is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast", "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": " carboxysome", "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": " 13 species, and is thought to be the one that branched off the earliest. Glaucophytes have chloroplasts", "57295a116aef051400154d44": "ide", "57295a116aef051400154d45": "ide", "57295a116aef051400154d46": " starch called floride", "57295a116aef051400154d47": "ide", "57295a116aef051400154d48": "Rhodoplasts", "57295b5b1d04691400779315": "The chloroplast", "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "idan chloroplasts have lost the peptidoglycan wall", "57295b5b1d04691400779317": "The chloroplastidan chloroplasts, or green chloroplasts", "57295b5b1d04691400779318": " glaucophyte and red algal chloroplasts in that they have lost their phycobilisomes", "57295b5b1d04691400779319": "idan chloroplasts have lost the peptidoglycan wall", "572961f61d04691400779359": " three or four membranes", "572961f61d0469140077935a": " three or four membranes", "572961f61d0469140077935b": " three or four membranes", "572961f61d0469140077935c": " three or four membranes", "572961f61d0469140077935d": " three or four membranes", "572962953f37b319004782f5": " three. Starch", "572962953f37b319004782f6": " three. Starch", "572962953f37b319004782f7": " three. Starch", "572962953f37b319004782f8": "oid and thylakoids stacked in groups of three. Starch", "572962953f37b319004782f9": "oid and thylakoids stacked in groups of three. Starch", "572963221d04691400779385": "Cryptophytes, or cryptomonads", "572963221d04691400779386": " four membranes", "572963221d04691400779387": " four membranes", "572963221d04691400779388": " four membranes", "572963221d04691400779389": " four membranes", "572963876aef051400154dd2": " malaria parasite. Many apicomplexans keep a vestigial red algal derived chloroplast", "572963876aef051400154dd3": " malaria parasite. Many apicomplexans keep a vestigial red algal derived chloroplast", "572963876aef051400154dd4": " malaria parasite. Many apicomplexans keep a vestigial red algal derived chloroplast", "572963876aef051400154dd5": " malaria parasite. Many apicomplexans keep a vestigial red algal derived chloroplast", "572963876aef051400154dd6": "Apicomplexans", "5729645b3f37b31900478321": " no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478322": "Apicoplasts have lost all photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478323": " no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478324": " no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478325": " no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "572965566aef051400154e00": "oid, and have triplet-stacked thylakoids. Starch", "572965566aef051400154e01": "oid, and have triplet-stacked thylakoids. Starch", "572965566aef051400154e02": "oid, and have triplet-stacked thylakoids. Starch", "572965566aef051400154e03": "oid, and have triplet-stacked thylakoids. Starch", "572965e73f37b3190047832b": " endosymbiont", "572965e73f37b3190047832c": " Karlodinium", "572965e73f37b3190047832d": " endosymbiont", "572965e73f37b3190047832e": " six membraned chloroplast", "572966626aef051400154e13": " two-membraned chloroplast. Cryptophyte chloroplasts", "572966626aef051400154e14": " cell culture alone cannot survive, so it is possible (but not confirmed) that the Dinophysis chloroplast is a kleptoplast", "572966626aef051400154e12": " two-membraned chloroplast", "572966626aef051400154e15": " two-membraned chloroplast", "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "Some dinophytes, like Kryptoperidinium", "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": " Kryptoperidinium", "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": " Kryptoperidinium", "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": " Kryptoperidinium", "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": " chloroplast", "572967e31d046914007793b1": "Lepidodinium viride", "572967e31d046914007793b2": "epidodinium viride", "572967e31d046914007793b3": " dinophytes", "572967e31d046914007793b4": " dinophytes", "572967e31d046914007793b5": "epidodinium viride", "5729686d1d046914007793c1": " sausage shaped blue-green photosynthesizing structures called chromatophores", "5729686d1d046914007793c2": " sausage shaped blue-green photosynthesizing structures called chromatophores", "5729686d1d046914007793c3": " million base pairs long", "5729686d1d046914007793c4": " million base pairs long", "5729686d1d046914007793c5": " million base pairs long", "572968cf1d046914007793cb": " 1962, and first sequenced in 1986", "572968cf1d046914007793cc": " 1962, and first sequenced in 1986", "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "Chloroplasts", "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": "The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants, and accumulate few mutations", "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants, and accumulate few mutations. Similar inverted repeats exist in the genomes of cyanobacteria", "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants, and accumulate few mutations. Similar inverted repeats exist in the genomes of cyanobacteria", "572969f51d046914007793dd": " Multiple replication forks open up, allowing replication machinery to transcribe the DNA. As replication continues, the forks grow and eventually converge. The new cpDNA", "572969f51d046914007793de": " Multiple replication forks open up, allowing replication machinery to transcribe the DNA. As replication continues, the forks grow and eventually converge. The new cpDNA", "572969f51d046914007793e0": " Multiple replication forks open up, allowing replication machinery to transcribe the DNA. As replication continues, the forks grow and eventually converge. The new cpDNA", "572969f51d046914007793df": " Multiple replication forks open up, allowing replication machinery to transcribe the DNA. As replication continues, the forks grow and eventually converge. The new cpDNA", "572969f51d046914007793e1": " Multiple replication forks open up, allowing replication machinery to transcribe the DNA. As replication continues, the forks grow and eventually converge. The new cpDNA", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": " a minority of the genetic material is kept in circular chromosomes", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": "amination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded. When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is single stranded", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": " linear and replicates through homologous recombination. It further contends that only a minority of the genetic material is kept in circular chromosomes", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": " a minority of the genetic material is kept in circular chromosomes", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": " cpDNA", "57296ab93f37b31900478369": " T4", "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": " cpDNA replication", "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": " cpDNA replication", "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": " cpDNA replication", "57296b151d046914007793f1": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", "57296b151d046914007793f2": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", "57296b151d046914007793f3": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", "57296b151d046914007793f4": "Endosymbiotic gene transfer", "57296bf96aef051400154e52": " pseudogenes, though a few tRNA genes still work in the mitochondrion. Some transferred chloroplast DNA protein products", "57296bf96aef051400154e53": "Curiously, around half of the protein products of transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast. Many became exaptations", "57296bf96aef051400154e54": " cell division, protein routing, and even disease resistance. A few chloroplast genes found new homes in the mitochondrial genome", "57296bf96aef051400154e55": "Curiously, around half of the protein products of transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast. Many became exaptations", "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": " a chloroplast polypeptide is synthesized on a ribosome", "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": " a chloroplast polypeptide is synthesized on a ribosome", "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": " chloroplast proteins", "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "last.", "57296cb21d04691400779403": " lens-shaped, 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", "57296cb21d04691400779404": "8 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", "57296cb21d04691400779405": "8 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm thick", "57296cb21d04691400779406": " Sirogonium). Some algae have two chloroplasts in each cell", "57296cb21d04691400779407": " Sirogonium). Some algae have two chloroplasts in each cell", "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": " double membrane is often cited as evidence that they are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria", "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": " endosymbiotic cyanobacteria", "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": "ium's original double membranes", "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": " no counterpart in the mitochondrion", "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": " no counterpart in the mitochondrion", "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": " no counterpart in the mitochondrion", "57296d8d1d04691400779420": " no counterpart in the mitochondrion", "57296d8d1d04691400779421": " no counterpart in the mitochondrion", "57296de03f37b3190047839b": " a growing body of evidence that stromules are functional, integral features of plant cell plastids", "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "The chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "The chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma", "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "The chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": " angiosperms", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": " angiosperms", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": " angiosperms", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": " angiosperms", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": " angiosperms", "57296eb01d04691400779435": " 17 nm vs 25 nm). They take mRNAs transcribed from the chloroplast DNA", "57296eb01d04691400779436": " 17 nm vs 25 nm). They take mRNAs transcribed from the chloroplast DNA", "57296eb01d04691400779437": "Chloroplasts have their own ribosomes", "57296eb01d04691400779438": "oplasts", "57296eb01d04691400779439": "Chloroplasts have their own ribosomes", "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": " 45\u201360 nanometers across. They are surrounded by a lipid monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts", "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": " 45\u201360 nanometers across. They are surrounded by a lipid monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts", "57296eee6aef051400154e90": " 45\u201360 nanometers across. They are surrounded by a lipid monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts", "57296eee6aef051400154e91": " 45\u201360 nanometers across. They are surrounded by a lipid monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts", "57296eee6aef051400154e92": " 45\u201360 nanometers across. They are surrounded by a lipid monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": " thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": " thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": " thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": " thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus", "57296f85af94a219006aa403": " hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", "57296f85af94a219006aa404": " hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", "57296f85af94a219006aa405": " hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", "57296f85af94a219006aa406": " hornworts and algae", "57296f85af94a219006aa407": " hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids", "57296fd71d0469140077943f": " thylakoid model, grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes", "57296fd71d04691400779440": " helical thylakoid model, grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes", "57296fd71d04691400779441": " a hundred thylakoids", "57296fd71d04691400779442": " a hundred thylakoids", "57296fd71d04691400779443": " the helical thylakoid model, grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes", "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": " thylakoid membranes are important protein complexes which carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis. Photosystem II", "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": " thylakoid membranes are important protein complexes which carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis. Photosystem II", "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": " thylakoid membranes are important protein complexes which carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis. Photosystem II", "5729703d3f37b319004783be": " ions into the thylakoid space, decreasing the pH and turning it acidic. ATP", "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": " hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy", "572970916aef051400154eba": " grana", "572970916aef051400154ebb": " thylakoids are pancake-shaped circular disks", "572970916aef051400154ebc": " grana, and stromal thylakoids, which are in contact with the stroma", "572970916aef051400154ebe": " thylakoids are pancake-shaped circular disks", "572970916aef051400154ebd": " thylakoids are pancake-shaped circular disks", "57297103af94a219006aa423": " \u03b2-carotene", "57297103af94a219006aa424": " \u03b2-carotene", "57297103af94a219006aa425": " \u03b2-carotene", "57297103af94a219006aa426": " red-orange carotenoid found in nearly all chloroplasts", "57297103af94a219006aa427": " \u03b2-carotene", "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa430": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa431": " 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes", "572971af6aef051400154ede": " rubisco", "572971af6aef051400154edf": " carbon dioxide into sugar molecules in the process of photosynthesis, chloroplasts", "572971af6aef051400154ee0": " carbon dioxide into sugar molecules in the process of photosynthesis", "572971af6aef051400154ee1": " Calvin cycle", "572971af6aef051400154ee2": " carbon dioxide", "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": " electron flow, a light-driven method of synthesizing ATP to power the Calvin cycle without generating oxygen. They lack photosystem II", "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": " electron flow, a light-driven method of synthesizing ATP to power the Calvin cycle without generating oxygen. They lack photosystem II", "5729723c6aef051400154eea": " electron flow, a light-driven method of synthesizing ATP to power the Calvin cycle without generating oxygen. They lack photosystem II", "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": " CO2 in a four-carbon compound, which is why the process is called C4 photosynthesis", "5729723c6aef051400154eec": " electron flow, a light-driven method of synthesizing ATP to power the Calvin cycle without generating oxygen. They lack photosystem II", "5729729a1d0469140077948b": " green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948c": " chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948d": " green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948e": " green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948f": " 10 to 100 chloroplasts", "572972f46aef051400154ef2": " mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade", "572972f46aef051400154ef3": " mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade", "572972f46aef051400154ef6": " mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade", "572972f46aef051400154ef4": " mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade", "572972f46aef051400154ef5": " mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade", "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": " land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones", "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": " land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones", "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "The chloroplasts of plant and algal cells", "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": " a few big ones", "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": " plant and algal cells", "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": " Chloroplasts", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": " cell death, and systemic acquired resistance, where infected cells release signals warning the rest of the plant of a pathogen's presence. Chloroplasts", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": " cell death, and systemic acquired resistance, where infected cells release signals warning the rest of the plant of a pathogen's presence. Chloroplasts", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": " two main immune responses\u2014the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "Plants", "57297427af94a219006aa453": "Chloroplasts", "57297427af94a219006aa454": " retrograde signaling\u2014signals from the chloroplast that regulate gene expression in the nucleus.", "57297427af94a219006aa455": " unstable molecules, so they probably don't leave the chloroplast", "57297427af94a219006aa456": "Chloroplasts", "572974923f37b3190047840b": " Water (H2O)", "572974923f37b3190047840c": " light is transformed into chemical energy, to subsequently produce food in the form of sugars. Water", "572974923f37b3190047840d": " Water", "572974923f37b3190047840e": " Water (H2O)", "572974923f37b3190047840f": " Water (H2O)", "572975073f37b31900478415": " thousand times as many) inside the thylakoid system than in the stroma", "572975073f37b31900478416": " thousand times as many) inside the thylakoid system than in the stroma", "572975073f37b31900478417": " thousand times as many) inside the thylakoid system than in the stroma", "572975073f37b31900478418": " ATP synthase", "572975073f37b31900478419": " thousand times as many) inside the thylakoid system than in the stroma", "572975511d046914007794a7": " electrons", "572975511d046914007794a8": " electrons", "572975511d046914007794a9": " electrons at the end of an electron transport chain", "572975511d046914007794aa": " thylakoid space to generate more ATP. This is termed cyclic photophosphorylation", "572975a3af94a219006aa465": " Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2", "572975a3af94a219006aa466": " CO2", "572975a3af94a219006aa467": " Calvin cycle", "572975a3af94a219006aa468": " CO2", "572976183f37b31900478431": " Waterlogged roots", "572976183f37b31900478432": " Waterlogged", "572976183f37b31900478433": " Waterlogged roots", "572976183f37b31900478434": " Waterlogged roots", "572976183f37b31900478435": " Water", "572976791d046914007794af": " O2 instead of CO2", "572976791d046914007794b0": " O2 instead of CO2", "572976791d046914007794b1": " O2 instead of CO2", "572976791d046914007794b2": " carbon dioxide very well, so it can accidentally add O2 instead of CO2", "572976791d046914007794b3": "Photorespiration", "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": " sulfur-containing ones like cysteine and methionine", "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": "Chloroplasts", "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": "Chloroplasts", "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": " sulfur-containing ones like cysteine and methionine", "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "Chloroplasts", "57297725af94a219006aa49c": " adult plant's apical meristems. Chloroplasts do not normally develop from proplastids in root tip meristems", "57297725af94a219006aa49d": "Chloroplasts", "57297725af94a219006aa49e": "Chloroplasts", "5729779b6aef051400154f62": " proplastids may develop into an etioplast stage before becoming chloroplasts", "5729779b6aef051400154f63": " angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation, proplastids may develop into an etioplast stage", "5729779b6aef051400154f64": " angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation, proplastids may develop into an etioplast", "5729779b6aef051400154f65": " angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation, proplastids may develop into an etioplast", "5729779b6aef051400154f66": " angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation, proplastids may develop into an etioplast", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": " pigment-filled plastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": " pigment-filled plastids", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": " chloroplasts", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "Plastid differentiation is not permanent, in fact many interconversions are possible. Chloroplasts", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "Plastid differentiation is not permanent, in fact many interconversions are possible. Chloroplasts", "5729784b1d046914007794c9": " filaments, and with the help of a protein ARC6, form a structure called a Z-ring", "5729784b1d046914007794ca": "The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1", "5729784b1d046914007794cb": " filaments, and with the help of a protein ARC6, form a structure called a Z-ring", "5729784b1d046914007794cc": " FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", "5729784b1d046914007794cd": " FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments", "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": " 5 nanometers across, arranged in rows 6.", "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": " 5 nanometers across, arranged in rows 6.", "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": " 5 nanometers across, arranged in rows 6.", "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": " 5 nanometers across, arranged in rows 6.", "5729789b6aef051400154f70": " 5 nanometers across, arranged in rows 6.", "572978e66aef051400154f76": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division", "572978e66aef051400154f78": " green light, but are slow to complete division\u2014they require exposure to bright white light to complete division. Spinach", "572978e66aef051400154f79": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division", "572978e66aef051400154f77": " green light, but are slow to complete division\u2014they require exposure to bright white light to complete division. Spinach", "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": " disseminated by pollen. This makes plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": " disseminated by pollen. This makes plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": " disseminated by pollen. This makes plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": " disseminated by pollen. This makes plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants", "57296d571d04691400779413": " 5", "57296d571d04691400779414": " 5", "57296d571d04691400779415": " 5", "57296d571d04691400779416": " 5", "57296d571d04691400779417": " 5", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": " January 2016[update], the largest known prime number has 22,338,618 decimal digits", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": " trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": " trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": " trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": " 22,338,618 decimal digits", "572970c11d04691400779463": " no known simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers", "572970c11d04691400779464": " 300 BC", "572970c11d04691400779465": " no known simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers", "572970c11d04691400779466": " 300 BC", "572970c11d04691400779467": " 300 BC", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": " public-key cryptography, which makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors. Prime numbers", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": " public-key cryptography, which makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors. Prime numbers", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": " 2). Such questions spurred the development of various branches of number theory, focusing on analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers. Primes", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": " public-key cryptography, which makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors. Prime numbers", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": " 2). Such questions spurred the development of various branches of number theory, focusing on analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers. Primes", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": " 12 = 3", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": " 12 = 3", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": " 12 = 3", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": " 12 = 3", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": " 12 = 3", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": " 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": " Goldbach listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": " Goldbach listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": " 10,006", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": " 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": " 15", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": " sieve that considers 1 as prime would eliminate all multiples of 1 (that is, all other numbers)", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": " 15", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": " 15", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": " 15", "572978f91d046914007794d3": " 300 BC) contain important theorems about primes", "572978f91d046914007794d4": " 300 BC", "572978f91d046914007794d5": " 300 BC) contain important theorems about primes", "572978f91d046914007794d6": " The Sieve", "572978f91d046914007794d7": " a simple method to compute primes", "57297a276aef051400154f88": " 22n + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified this up to n = 4", "57297a276aef051400154f89": " 22n + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified this up to n = 4", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": " 22n + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers)", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": " 22n + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified this up to n = 4", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": " 22n + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified this up to n = 4", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": " trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": " trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": " trial division. This routine consists of dividing n by each integer m that is greater than 1", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": " trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": " trial division", "57297d421d046914007794e5": " probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "Modern primality tests for general numbers", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "Modern primality tests for general numbers", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "Modern primality tests for general numbers", "57297d421d046914007794e9": " trial division is a deterministic algorithm", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": " Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": " no way of distinguishing between prime numbers and Carmichael numbers. Carmichael numbers are substantially rarer than prime numbers", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": " even though they are not prime, so the test has no way of distinguishing between prime numbers and Carmichael numbers", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": " Baillie-PSW", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": " Baillie-PSW", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "Lehmer test is particularly fast for numbers of this form. This is why the largest known prime has almost always been a Mersenne prime", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "Lehmer test is particularly fast for numbers of this form. This is why the largest known prime has almost always been a Mersenne prime", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "Lehmer test", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": " factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": " factorial primes", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits", "572982e76aef051400154f96": " no simple formula such as that of Mersenne primes", "572985011d04691400779501": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2", "572985011d04691400779502": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2", "572985011d04691400779503": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2", "572985011d04691400779504": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2", "572985011d04691400779505": " Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": " red. The rows (=progressions) starting with a = 3, 6", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": " Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": " 1/6", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": " red. The rows (=progressions) starting with a = 3, 6, or 9 contain at most one prime", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": " red. The rows (=progressions) starting with a = 3, 6, or 9 contain at most one prime", "572989846aef051400154fc0": " algebraic number theory", "572989846aef051400154fc1": " zeta function and a glimpse of modern algebraic number theory", "572989846aef051400154fc2": " algebraic number theory", "572989846aef051400154fc3": " 1 + 1/2", "572989846aef051400154fc4": " algebraic number theory", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": " 1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": " 1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": " 1859", "57298ef11d04691400779530": " 1859", "57298ef11d04691400779531": " 1859", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": " February 2011[update], this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017.", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": " 1912 are still unsolved", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": " = 2 \u00b7 1017.", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": " four of Landau's problems from 1912 are still unsolved", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": " four of Landau's problems from 1912 are still unsolved", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", "572991943f37b319004784a2": " conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", "572991943f37b319004784a3": " twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2 (twin prime conjecture). Polignac", "572991943f37b319004784a4": " conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes", "572991943f37b319004784a5": " twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2 (twin prime conjecture). Polignac", "57299326af94a219006aa515": " no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth", "57299326af94a219006aa516": " no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth", "57299326af94a219006aa517": " no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth", "57299326af94a219006aa518": " no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth", "57299326af94a219006aa519": " no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "Giuga", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": " fraction 1/p expressed likewise in base q", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "uga", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "uga", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "Giuga", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "Several public-key cryptography algorithms, such as RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange, are based on large prime numbers", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": " 512-bit primes", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": " Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange relies on the fact that there are efficient algorithms for modular exponentiation", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": " Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange relies on the fact that there are efficient algorithms for modular exponentiation", "572998673f37b319004784d5": " Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "The evolutionary strategy used by cicadas of the genus Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d7": " Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d8": " Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d9": " Magicicada", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "The concept of prime number", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": " Any knot can be uniquely expressed as a connected sum of prime knots. Prime models and prime 3-manifolds", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "The concept of prime number is so important that it has been generalized in different ways in various branches of mathematics", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "The concept of prime number", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "The concept of prime number", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": " two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": " any commutative ring", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": " any commutative ring", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": " two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": " two more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": " 4k + 3 are Gaussian primes", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": " 4k + 3 are Gaussian primes", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "k + 3 are Gaussian primes", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": " 4k + 3 are Gaussian primes", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "k + 3 are Gaussian primes", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": " prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Noether theorem, which expresses every ideal in a Noetherian commutative ring", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": " commutative algebra", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "Noether theorem", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "etherian commutative ring", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": " Arithmetic geometry", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": " ring", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": " Ostrowski", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "imes", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": " Ostrowski", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "imes", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "1949\u201350), he simultaneously employs motifs with lengths given by different prime numbers to create unpredictable rhythms: the primes 41, 43, 47", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "1949\u201350), he simultaneously employs motifs with lengths given by different prime numbers to create unpredictable rhythms: the primes 41, 43, 47", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "Prime numbers", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": " third \u00e9tude", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "Prime numbers", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": " canton of Graub\u00fcnden", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": " Ripuarian Rhing, while Palatine has diphthongized Rhei", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": " Ripuarian Rhing, while Palatine has diphthongized Rhei", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": " Ripuarian Rhing, while Palatine has diphthongized Rhei", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": " Ripuarian Rhing, while Palatine has diphthongized Rhei", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": " Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in \"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": " 1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": " 1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": " 1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": " 1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": " 1,232 kilometres (766 miles) by the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": " 1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": " 1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": " canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century.[", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": " 1939", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": " 86 km long", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": " 86 km long", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": " 86 km long", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": " 86 km long", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": " 86 km long", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": " 86 km long", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": " 86 km long", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": " 86 km long", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": " Tamins-Reichenau", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": " 86 km long", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": " Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": " Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": " Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": " Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": " Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": " Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": " Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": " Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": " Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": " Lake Constance", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "oldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "oldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": " canal near Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": " canal near Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "oldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "oldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "oldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "oldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": " canal near Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "oldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": " 47\u00b039\u2032N 9\u00b019\u2032E", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "Lake Constance", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": " 47\u00b039\u2032N 9\u00b019\u2032E", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": " 47\u00b039\u2032N 9\u00b019\u2032E", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": " 47\u00b039\u2032N 9\u00b019\u2032E\ufeff / \ufeff47.", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": " 47\u00b039\u2032N 9\u00b019\u2032E", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": " 47\u00b039\u2032N 9\u00b019\u2032E\ufeff / \ufeff47.", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": " 47\u00b039\u2032N 9\u00b019\u2032E\ufeff / \ufeff47.", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "Lake Constance", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": " 47\u00b039\u2032N 9\u00b019\u2032E\ufeff / \ufeff47.", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": " Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": " gray mountain water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": " gray mountain water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": " Constance hopper", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": " water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": " hopper", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": " Lake \u00dcberlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": " hopper", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "The flow of cold, gray mountain water", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": " gray mountain water", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": " Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": " Aare", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": " Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": " Aare", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": " Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": " Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": " Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": " Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": " Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": " Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": " Legally, the Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": " Legally, the Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": " Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": " 300 km long", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": " 300 km long and up to 40 km wide", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": " Legally, the Central Bridge", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": " Legally, the Central Bridge", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": " Legally, the Central Bridge", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": " Legally, the Central Bridge", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": " Legally, the Central Bridge", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "The Upper Rhine", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": " straightening program in the 19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": " straightening program in the 19th Century", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": " Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": " Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": " increased and the ground water level fell significantly. Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": " fell significantly. Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": " Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply.", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": " 400 m", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": " 300 m3", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": " Northeastern France", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": " 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s). Northeastern France", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": " 400 m", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": " 400 m", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": " Northeastern France", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": " Northeastern France", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": " Northeastern France", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": " 2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s)", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": " Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": " Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": " erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": " erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": " Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": " Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": " erosion. The rate of erosion equaled the uplift in the region, such that the river was left at about its original level", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "2002)", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": " brownfields. The Ruhr currently provides the region with drinking water. It contributes 70 m3", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": " Antwerp and Amsterdam", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": " Antwerp and Amsterdam. The Ruhr, which joins the Rhine in Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": " brownfields. The Ruhr currently provides the region with drinking water. It contributes 70 m3/s", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": " brownfields. The Ruhr currently provides the region with drinking water. It contributes 70 m3/s", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": " a major source of water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": " Antwerp and Amsterdam. The Ruhr", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": " a major source of water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": " Antwerp and Amsterdam", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": " Antwerp and Amsterdam. The Ruhr, which joins the Rhine in Duisburg", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": " viniculture and tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": " viniculture and tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": " viniculture and tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": " viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": " viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": " viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": " viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": " viniculture and tourism", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": " Duisburg", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": " 30 km", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": " Duisburg", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": " Cleves the Emmerich Rhine Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in Germany", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": " Duisburg", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": " Duisburg", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": " Duisburg", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": " Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": " Duisburg", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": " Two thirds", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": " Two thirds", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": " Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": " Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": " Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": " Two thirds", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": " Pannerdens", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": " Pannerdens", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": " Pannerdens", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": " Pannerdens", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "Jssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": " water from the Rhine, but are used for draining the surrounding land and polders. From Wijk bij Duurstede", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": " water from the Rhine, but are used for draining the surrounding land and polders. From Wijk bij Duurstede", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": " Duurstede", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": " Duurstede, the old north branch of the Rhine", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": " Duurstede", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": " Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": " Millingen aan de Rijn", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": " Rhine-Meuse", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": " Pannerdens", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": " Three more flows carry significant amounts of water", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": " Three more flows carry significant amounts of water", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "The shape of the Rhine delta", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": " Three more flows carry significant amounts of water", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "1421", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": " Delta Works", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": " 20th Century", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": " 20th Century", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": " 20th Century", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": " Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": " Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": " Brakel and Zaltbommel", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": " 180 MBP", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": " Tethys floor", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": " Tethys Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates, between about 240 MBP and 220 MBP", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": " Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, with the opening of the Tethys Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": " Tethys Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates, between about 240 MBP and 220 MBP", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": " discharge from the Alps", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": " rift system", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": " discharge from the Alps", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": " discharge from the Alps; instead, the watersheds of the Rhone and Danube drained the northern flanks of the Alps", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": " Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": " Vosges Mountains", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": " Vosges Mountains", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": " 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": " 2.", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": " 2.", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": " Anglian glaciation (~450,000 yr BP", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": " Anglian glaciation (~450,000 yr BP", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": " 70,000 BP and around 29,000\u201324,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": " 70,000 BP and around 29,000\u201324,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": " 70,000 BP and around 29,000\u201324,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": " 70,000 BP and around 29,000\u201324,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": " 70,000 BP and around 29,000\u201324,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": " 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": " 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": " 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": " 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": " 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": " 13,000 BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": " 13,000 BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": " 13,000 BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": " 13,000 BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": " 13,000 BP", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": " 7500 yr", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "3 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "3 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "3 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": " 1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": " (~11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "11,700 years ago", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": " ~3000 yr BP", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": " 11\u201313th century AD", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": " 80 avulsions have occurred. Direct human impact", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": " damming of minor distributaries, which took place in the 11\u201313th century AD", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": " 80 avulsions have occurred. Direct human impact in the delta", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": " North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": " North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": " 1709", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": " Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": " Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": " Germania. The Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": " Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": " Germania. The Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": " Germania. The Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": " 14 until after AD 70", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": " Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": " 14 until after AD 70", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": " 14 until after AD 70", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": " 14 until after AD 70", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": " AD 14 and 180", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": " eight legions in five bases along the Rhine", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": " Rhine", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": " century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": " Migration period, by the 5th century", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": " Alemannia on the High Rhine. This \"Germanic Heroic Age\" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": " Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": " Alemannia on the High Rhine. This \"Germanic Heroic Age\" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": " Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": " Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": " Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": " Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": " Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": " Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": " the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": " Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": " Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": " Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": " 1930", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": " Versailles", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": " Versailles", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "ailles", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": " Versailles", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": " Seven Days to the River Rhine", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": " Seven Days to the River Rhine", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": " Seven Days to the River Rhine", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": " Seven Days to the River Rhine", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": " Seven Days to the River Rhine", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": " 1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": " Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": " Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": " Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": " Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": " Act 1998", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": " 1973 recommending the establishment of a directly elected Scottish Assembly", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": " 1973 recommending the establishment of a directly elected Scottish Assembly", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": " 1914, but were shelved due to the outbreak of the First World War", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": " shelved due to the outbreak of the First World War. A sharp rise in nationalism in Scotland during the late 1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": " Assembly", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": " North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": " 1974. However, it was not until 1978 that final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United Kingdom Parliament", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": " 1974. However, it was not until 1978 that final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United Kingdom Parliament", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": " 1974. However, it was not until 1978 that final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United Kingdom Parliament", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": " 1974. However, it was not until 1978 that final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United Kingdom Parliament", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": " 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": " a Scottish Parliament grew, in part because the government of the United Kingdom was controlled by the Conservative Party, while Scotland itself elected relatively few Conservative MPs", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": " Conservative Party", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": " Conservative Party, while Scotland itself elected relatively few Conservative MPs", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": " grew, in part because the government of the United Kingdom was controlled by the Conservative Party", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": " Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": " Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": " Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": " Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": " Enric Miralles", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": " Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": " Church of Scotland", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": " Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": " permanent building at Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": " Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": " General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": " Edinburgh Council. The former administrative building of Lothian Regional Council on George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": " General Assembly Hall, the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": " Parliament Square", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": " Edinburgh Council", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": " 129 MSPs, which is the only secret ballot conducted in the Scottish Parliament", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": " 129 MSPs, which is the only secret ballot conducted in the Scottish Parliament", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": " 129 MSPs, which is the only secret ballot conducted in the Scottish Parliament", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": " 129 MSPs, which is the only secret ballot conducted in the Scottish Parliament", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": " 129 MSPs, which is the only secret ballot conducted in the Scottish Parliament", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": " five or more seats in the Parliament", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": " five or more seats in the Parliament", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": " five or more seats in the Parliament", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": " five or more seats in the Parliament", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": " 131 seats in the debating chamber", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": " 131 seats in the debating chamber", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": " 131 seats in the debating chamber", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": " 131 seats in the debating chamber", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": " 131 seats in the debating chamber", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": " July 1999", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": " glass case", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": " July 1999", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": " gold panned from Scottish rivers and inscribed with the words: Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity. The words There shall be a Scottish Parliament", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": " glass case", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "Parliament typically sits Tuesdays", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "Parliament typically sits Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays from early January to late June", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": " Entry is free, but booking in advance is recommended due to limited space. Meetings are broadcast on the Parliament's own channel Holyrood.tv", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": " Entry is free, but booking in advance is recommended due to limited space. Meetings are broadcast on the Parliament's own channel Holyrood.tv", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": " Entry is free, but booking in advance is recommended due to limited space. Meetings are broadcast on the Parliament's own channel Holyrood.tv", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": " Scotland and are chosen to represent the balance of religious beliefs according to the Scottish census. Invitations to address Parliament", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": " Scotland and are chosen to represent the balance of religious beliefs according to the Scottish census. Invitations to address Parliament", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": " Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": " census. Invitations to address Parliament", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": " Wednesdays is usually Time for Reflection", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": " Scots, Gaelic, or any other language with the agreement of the Presiding Officer. The Scottish Parliament", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": " Scots, Gaelic, or any other language with the agreement of the Presiding Officer. The Scottish Parliament", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": " Scots, Gaelic, or any other language with the agreement of the Presiding Officer. The Scottish Parliament", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "The Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer) decides who speaks in chamber debates", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": " Scots, Gaelic, or any other language with the agreement of the Presiding Officer. The Scottish Parliament", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": " MSP has a unique access card with a microchip", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": " \"There will be a division\" and members vote by means of electronic consoles on their desks. Each MSP has a unique access card", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": " card", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": " MSP has a unique access card", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": " card", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "rant members can be deselected as official party candidates", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "rant members can be deselected as official party candidates", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "rant members can be deselected as official party candidates", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "rant members can be deselected as official party candidates", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "rant members can be deselected as official party candidates", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": " minister", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": " minister", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": " minister", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": " Scottish minister", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": " Scottish minister", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": " committee", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": " Committee meetings", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": " Committee meetings", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": " Committee meetings", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": " Scotland", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": " MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": " MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": " MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Committees comprise a small number of MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "Committees comprise a small number of MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": " fourth Session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": " fourth Session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": " Parliament", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": " session, and again the members on each committee reflect the balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": " further type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": " bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": " Private Bill Committees", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": " Private Bill Committees", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": " 19 November 1998, governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament and delimits its legislative competence. The Scotland Act 2012", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": " 19 November 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": " 19 November 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": " 19 November 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": " 19 November 1998, governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament and delimits its legislative competence. The Scotland Act 2012", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": " 3 pence in the pound", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": " 3 pence in the pound", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "The specific devolved matters are all subjects which are not explicitly stated in Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": " 3 pence in the pound", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "The specific devolved matters are all subjects which are not explicitly stated in Schedule 5", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament. The Scottish Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": " Scotland Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": " Scotland Parliament", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": " ministers", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": " ministers", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": " ministers", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": " ministers", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": " ministers", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": " minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": " minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": " minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": " minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": " minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": " Parliament. This stage comprises two parts: consideration of amendments to the bill as a general debate, and a final vote on the bill", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": " Parliament. This stage comprises two parts: consideration of amendments to the bill as a general debate, and a final vote on the bill", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": " Parliament. This stage comprises two parts: consideration of amendments to the bill as a general debate, and a final vote on the bill", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": " Parliament. This stage comprises two parts: consideration of amendments to the bill as a general debate, and a final vote on the bill", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": " Parliament. This stage comprises two parts: consideration of amendments to the bill as a general debate, and a final vote on the bill", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": " Acts of the Scottish Parliament do not begin with a conventional enacting formula", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": " Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": " Acts of the Scottish Parliament do not begin with a conventional enacting formula", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": " Acts of the Scottish Parliament do not begin with a conventional enacting formula", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": " Acts of the Scottish Parliament do not begin with a conventional enacting formula", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": " Ministers who form the government of Scotland", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "The party, or parties, that hold the majority of seats in the Parliament", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": " Any member can put their name forward to be First Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": " Any member can put their name forward to be First Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": " Ministers who form the government of Scotland", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "1999, 2003, 2007", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "1999, 2003, 2007", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "1999, 2003", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "1999, 2003", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "1999, 2003", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": " Parliament", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": " Parliament", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": " chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme for the forthcoming year", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": " Parliament", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliament", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": " Thursday between 11:40 a.m. and 12 p.m.", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": " any member of the Scottish Government", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": " Opposition", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": " four general questions available to opposition leaders", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": " MSP. The 73 Scottish Parliament", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": " 129 MSPs, 73", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": " 129", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": " Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles comprise a much smaller number of electors", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": " 129 MSPs, 73", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "The total number of seats in the Parliament are allocated to parties proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": " parties proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": " second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "The total number of seats in the Parliament", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "The total number of seats in the Parliament", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": " 1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": " 1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": " MSP. Such qualifications were introduced under the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": " MSP. Such qualifications were introduced under the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": " 1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": " SNP took 16 seats from Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": " 16 seats from Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": " SNP government, making this the first time in the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority. The SNP took 16 seats from Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": " Iain Gray retained East Lothian by 151 votes. The SNP took a further eight seats from the Liberal Democrats and one seat from the Conservatives", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": " SNP government, making this the first time in the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority. The SNP took 16 seats from Labour", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": " SNP", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": " main disappointment was the loss of Edinburgh Pentlands, the seat of former party leader David McLetchie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": " five seats", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": " Cameron", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": " Cameron", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": " legislation that applies only to England", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": " legislation that applies only to England", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": " West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": " legislation that applies only to England", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "\" over laws only affecting England", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": " Political Islam", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": " Political Islam", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": " Political Islam", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": " a strategy of Islamization", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": " a strategy of Islamization of society through state power seized by revolution or invasion", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": " Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": " Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": " Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": " Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": " The Islamist groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine participate in democratic and political process as well as armed attacks, seeking to abolish the state of Israel", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the \"vanguard of change and Islamic reform\" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the \"vanguard of change and Islamic reform\" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": " Olivier Roy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": " democracy in much of the Arab Muslim world", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": " no government can call itself democratic that excludes mainstream Islamist groups.", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": " Fred Halliday", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": " Fred Halliday", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": " Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is merely a political ideology include Fred Halliday", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "iberal Islamic regimes, to the detriment of progressive moderates who seek to separate religion from politics", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "iberal Islamic regimes, to the detriment of progressive moderates who seek to separate religion from politics", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": " the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\", and it is quietist/non-political Islam, not Islamism", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": " a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": " a historical fluke", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": " the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": " the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\", and it is quietist/non-political Islam, not Islamism", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": " Soviet Union, and non-Afghan veterans of the war returned home with their prestige", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": " The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": " Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against\u2014what were thought to be at the time\u2014more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": " Soviet Union, and non-Afghan veterans of the war returned home with their prestige", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": " The French government", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": " 1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": " 1975 but not before Islamists came to completely dominate university student unions", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": " 1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": " 1975 but not before Islamists came to completely dominate university student unions", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": " incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": " incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": " All this compares very favourably against incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "ist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "ist movements", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934 in a book titled The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934 in a book titled The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934 in a book titled The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": " seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": " 1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": " Sir Muhammad Iqbal was elected president of the Muslim League", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": " 1941", "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Maududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": " Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "Maududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": " Iranian Revolution", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": " the top of society downward through an educational process or da'wah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "oughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "oughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": " assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": " 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": " 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": " assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": " assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": " Salafi Al-Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": " Salafi Al-Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal\" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates during elections", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": " Salafi Al-Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party) won 75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": " Egypt", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": " A steep and steady decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics ensued. Ba'athism, Arab socialism", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": " A steep and steady decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics ensued. Ba'athism, Arab socialism", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": " A steep and steady decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics ensued. Ba'athism, Arab socialism", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": " A steep and steady decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics ensued. Ba'athism, Arab socialism", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": " A steep and steady decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics ensued. Ba'athism, Arab socialism", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "The views of Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "The views of Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "The views of Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "The views of Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "The views of Ali Shariati", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": " Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": " Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": " Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": " Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": " Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": " the west", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": " conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": " conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": " a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": " a campaign of attacks on government officials and tourists in Egypt, a bloody civil war in Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": " conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": " moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": " By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": " moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": " the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": " By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": " 2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": " 2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": " 2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": " 2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": " 2003", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": " secular middle class", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": " secular middle class", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": " secular middle class", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": " the impoverished youth of the intifada in their cultural conservatism and antipathy for activities of the secular middle class", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": " secular middle class", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "42 people", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "42 people", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": " Israel out of the Gaza Strip", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine. From 2000 to 2007 it killed 542 people", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": " Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": " foreign Islamist banking systems, especially those linked with Saudi Arabia", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": " 1979", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": " strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": " sympathetic students in the university and military academy while serving as minister of education.", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": " The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": " The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": " a liberal government", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": " The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": " The NIF regime also harbored Osama bin Laden", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": " FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": " Salafism", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": " Salafism", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": " FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": " FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": " Soviet Union", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": " Soviet Union", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": " Soviet Union", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": " Soviet Union", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": " Soviet Union", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": " Wahhabism", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": " Wahhabism", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": " Wahhabism", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": " Wahhabism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": " July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": " eleven-year military dictatorship", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": " eleven-year military dictatorship", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": " eleven-year military dictatorship", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": " Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": " Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself a caliphate, with religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": " Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself a caliphate, with religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": " Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself a caliphate, with religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": " Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself a caliphate, with religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": " Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, the group proclaimed itself a caliphate, with religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": " 2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": " 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": " 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "Qaeda in 2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "Qaeda in 2004", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": " Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": " 1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": " 1924. This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": " the true Islamic system", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": " Caliphate", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": " public opinion", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": " public opinion", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": " armed jihad", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": " 1968 and 1969 in Jordan", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": " armed jihad", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": " 900,000 Muslims", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": " Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists to leave the UK", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": " Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists to leave the UK", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": " Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists to leave the UK", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": " Finsbury Park Mosque, was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists to leave the UK", "57303048947a6a140053d254": " Christian Whiton", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism", "57303048947a6a140053d256": " Christian Whiton", "57303048947a6a140053d257": " Christian Whiton", "57303048947a6a140053d258": " Christian Whiton", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": " empire. Its name originated from the Latin word \"imperium\", which means to rule over large territories", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": " The term imperialism has been applied to Western (and Japanese) political and economic dominance especially in Asia and Africa", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": " The term imperialism has been applied to Western (and Japanese) political and economic dominance", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": " contemporary world. It has also allowed for the rapid spread of technologies and ideas", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": " other) based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": " other) based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": " other) based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": " a powerful form of dominance", "57306797396df919000960ee": "The definition of imperialism", "57306797396df919000960ef": "The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries", "57306797396df919000960f0": "The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries", "57306797396df919000960f2": "The definition of imperialism", "57306797396df919000960f1": "The definition of imperialism", "573081c2069b531400832133": " Geopolitics now focuses on states becoming major economic players in the market; some states today are viewed as empires", "573081c2069b531400832134": " The two main regions are the core and the periphery", "573081c2069b531400832135": " Geopolitics", "573081c2069b531400832136": " Geopolitics", "573081c2069b531400832137": " Geopolitics", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": " Colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": " a degree of geographic separation between the colony and the imperial power", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": " Colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": " Colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": " a foreign region. Colonialism can completely change the existing social structure", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": " Colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": " The meaning of imperialism is to create an empire", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": " Colonialism", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", "5730876a396df9190009617b": " Friedrich Ratzel", "5730876a396df9190009617d": " rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", "5730876a396df9190009617e": " controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson", "573088da069b53140083216b": "Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany", "573088da069b53140083216c": " Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain", "573088da069b53140083216d": " Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism", "573088da069b53140083216e": " Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism", "573088da069b53140083216f": " Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": " the policies and practices of the British Empire", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": " imaginative geography", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": " East", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": " Orientalism therefore served as an ideological justification of early Western imperialism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": " Orientalism therefore served as an ideological justification of early Western imperialism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": " Orientalism therefore served as an ideological justification of early Western imperialism", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": " blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": " Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": " imperial and colonial powers to obtain \"information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps\".", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": " imperial and colonial powers to obtain \"information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps\".", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": " Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": " a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": " a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": " a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": " a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": " Asante Union, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire, and Mutapa Empire", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": " authoritarian regimes", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "Cultural imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Cultural imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "Cultural imperialism", "57309446396df919000961b8": " 1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "The Age of Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961ba": "The Age of Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961bb": "The Age of Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961bc": " Imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a6": " the 20th century, historians John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a8": " Key to their thinking is the idea of empire 'informally if possible and formally if necessary.'\"[attribution needed]", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": " a substantial number of colonies had been designed to provide economic profit and to ship resources to home ports", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": " expansion into territorial imperialism", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon. This technology gave European armies an advantage over their opponents", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": " leather shields", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": " leather shields", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": " leather shields", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": " By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon. This technology gave European armies an advantage over their opponents", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": " Liberal John A. Hobson", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": " anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": " Liberal John A. Hobson", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": " anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1872\u20131967", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": " domestic social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": " three waves of European colonialism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": " two forms, orientalism and tropicality", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": " two forms, orientalism and tropicality", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": " two forms, orientalism and tropicality", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": " two forms, orientalism and tropicality", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "entalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": " orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": " a feat. Similarly, orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "entalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "entalism", "5730a40f396df91900096234": " sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096235": " sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096236": " sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096237": " 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", "5730a40f396df91900096238": " sixteenth", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": " Algeria in 1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": " Algeria in 1830 but began in earnest to rebuild its worldwide empire after 1850, concentrating chiefly in North and West Africa", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": " Republicans", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": " Algeria in 1830 but began in earnest to rebuild its worldwide empire after 1850, concentrating chiefly in North and West Africa", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": " Algeria", "5730a951069b531400832213": " Full citizenship", "5730a951069b531400832214": " Full citizenship", "5730a951069b531400832215": " small numbers of settlers to its colonies, with the only notable exception of Algeria", "5730a951069b531400832216": " Full citizenship", "5730a951069b531400832217": " small numbers of settlers to its colonies, with the only notable exception of Algeria", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": " sent troops to assist its former colonies in Africa in suppressing insurrections and coups", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": " Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": " sent troops to assist its former colonies in Africa in suppressing insurrections and coups", "5730aa52069b531400832220": " sent troops to assist its former colonies in Africa in suppressing insurrections and coups", "5730aa52069b531400832221": " sent troops to assist its former colonies in Africa in suppressing insurrections and coups", "5730ab63396df91900096260": " no real systemic continuity from the Western Roman Empire", "5730ab63396df91900096263": " systemic continuity from the Western Roman Empire", "5730ab63396df91900096261": " no real systemic continuity from the Western Roman Empire", "5730ab63396df91900096262": " no real systemic continuity from the Western Roman Empire", "5730ab63396df91900096264": " systemic continuity from the Western Roman Empire", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": " The participation of Austria", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": " maritime power, and not a nation-state", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": " maritime power, and not a nation-state", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": " a maritime power, and not a nation-state", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": " a maritime power, and not a nation-state", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": " Bismarck", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": " Africa and the South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": " Africa and the South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": " Africa and the South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": " Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea in 1884", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": " 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": " 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": " 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": " Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", "5730b255396df919000962b0": " The Soviet Union and the People\u2019s Republic of China supported post\u2013World War II communist movements in foreign nations and colonies", "5730b255396df919000962b1": " 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination", "5730b255396df919000962b2": " 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities", "5730b255396df919000962b3": " 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination", "5730b255396df919000962b4": " 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": " Soviet Union", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": " Soviet Union", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": " empires", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": " Soviet Union", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": " Soviet Union", "5730b541396df919000962c2": " mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": " 1776", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "The First British Empire was based on mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c4": " 1776. Britain", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "The First British Empire was based on mercantilism", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": " Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": " Imperialism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": " Imperialism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": " Imperialism", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": " Three", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": " Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": " geographer named Isiah Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": " Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": " Three", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": " informal U.S. imperialism", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": " informal U.S. imperialism", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": " informal U.S. imperialism", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": " informal U.S. imperialism", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": " 1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": " 1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": " 1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": " 1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": " 1299 to 1923", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": " the Ottoman Anatolian heartland, as well as the creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states, thus ending Turkish colonial ambitions", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": " the Ottoman Anatolian heartland, as well as the creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states, thus ending Turkish colonial ambitions", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": " the Ottoman Anatolian heartland, as well as the creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states, thus ending Turkish colonial ambitions", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": " the Ottoman Anatolian heartland, as well as the creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states, thus ending Turkish colonial ambitions", "5730982f396df919000961e2": "The United Methodist Church (UMC", "5730982f396df919000961e3": "The United Methodist Church (UMC", "5730982f396df919000961e4": "The United Methodist Church (UMC", "5730982f396df919000961e5": "The United Methodist Church (UMC", "5730982f396df919000961e6": " Wesleyan", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": " 7.", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": " 7.", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": " 7.", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": " 7.", "57309921396df919000961f6": "18th", "57309921396df919000961f7": "18th", "57309921396df919000961f8": "The movement which would become The United Methodist Church began in the mid-18th", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": " Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": " Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": " Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": " Three teachings they saw as the foundation of Christian faith", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": " a revision of the Anglican Prayerbook and the Articles of Religion which were received and adopted by the Baltimore Christmas Conference of 1784", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": " a revision of the Anglican Prayerbook and the Articles of Religion which were received and adopted by the Baltimore Christmas Conference of 1784", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": " a revision of the Anglican Prayerbook and the Articles of Religion which were received and adopted by the Baltimore Christmas Conference of 1784", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": " a revision of the Anglican Prayerbook and the Articles of Religion which were received and adopted by the Baltimore Christmas Conference of 1784", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": " a revision of the Anglican Prayerbook and the Articles of Religion which were received and adopted by the Baltimore Christmas Conference of 1784", "57309adb396df919000961fc": " 1784", "57309adb396df919000961fd": " 1769", "57309adb396df919000961fe": " 1784", "57309adb396df919000961ff": " 1784", "57309adb396df91900096200": " 1784", "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": " 1784", "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": " 1784", "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": " 1784", "57309d31396df91900096210": " 1784, Methodism", "57309d31396df91900096211": " 1784, Methodism", "57309d31396df91900096212": " slavery", "57309d31396df91900096213": " 1844, the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences because of tensions over slavery", "5730a97a396df9190009625a": " April 23", "5730a97a396df9190009625b": " April 23", "5730a97a396df9190009625c": " April 23", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": " catholic (or universal) church and it recognizes the historic ecumenical creeds, the Apostle's Creed and the Nicene Creed", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": " Council of Chalcedon", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "The United Methodist Church", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": " 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters, Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": " 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters, Thomas Vasey", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": " 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters, Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": "Anglicans), but also Philip William Otterbein and Martin Boehm", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": "Anglicans), but also Philip William Otterbein and Martin Boehm", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": "Anglicans), but also Philip William Otterbein and Martin Boehm", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": "Anglicans), but also Philip William Otterbein and Martin Boehm", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "Prevenient grace", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "Prevenient grace", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": "Prevenient grace", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": "Prevenient grace, or the grace that \"goes before\" us, is given to all people", "5730aeba069b531400832241": " guilt and empowers us to resist the power of sin", "5730aeba069b531400832242": " empowers us to resist the power of sin and to fully love God and neighbor", "5730aeba069b531400832243": " guilt and empowers us to resist the power of sin", "5730aeba069b531400832244": " guilt and empowers us to resist the power of sin", "5730aeba069b531400832245": " New Birth", "5730afed069b53140083225f": " genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength", "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying Grace is that grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection: a genuine love of God", "5730afed069b531400832261": " genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength", "5730afed069b531400832262": " God with heart, soul, mind, and strength", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": " Reformed theology and practice. It has been characterized as Arminian theology with an emphasis on the work of the Holy Spirit", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": " Arminian theology with an emphasis on the work of the Holy Spirit to bring holiness into the life of the participating believer", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": " the UMC stands to the right of liberal and progressive Protestant groups", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": " Arminian theology with an emphasis on the work of the Holy Spirit to bring holiness into the life of the participating believer", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": " Church upholds the sanctity of human life", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "The United Methodist Church upholds the sanctity of human life", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "The United Methodist Church upholds the sanctity of human life", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": " two official bodies of the United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": " two official bodies of the United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": " two official bodies of the United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": " May 2012", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": " May 2012", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": " May 2012", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": " temperance movement. John Wesley", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": "Historically, the Methodist Church has supported the temperance movement. John Wesley", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": " Methodist Church has supported the temperance movement. John Wesley", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": " Communion", "5730b54c069b53140083228d": ":7. The General Conference of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment", "5730b54c069b53140083228e": " Matthew 5:38-39 and abolished the death penalty in John 8:7", "5730b54c069b53140083228f": " Matthew 5:38-39 and abolished the death penalty in John 8:7", "5730b54c069b531400832290": ":7. The General Conference of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment", "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": ". Jimmy Creech", "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": " unions", "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": ". Jimmy Creech", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": " The United Methodist Church", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": "MC", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": " ordain gay clergy. Moreover, many conferences have taken a position by voting in favor of same-gender marriages", "5730b776069b5314008322bd": " clergy credentials were removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud", "5730b776069b5314008322be": "rocked Methodist minister Rose Mary Denman", "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "-sex partner. In 2005, clergy credentials were removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "The United Methodist Church opposes conscription", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": "The United Methodist Church opposes conscription", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "The United Methodist Church opposes conscription", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": " general and complete disarmament", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": " foreign policy", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": " general and complete disarmament", "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": " Sexual Ethics Task Force", "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": " Sexual Ethics Task Force", "5730bdfe396df91900096310": " Sexual Ethics Task Force", "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": " destroyed, were not obtained by sale, and those donating had given prior informed consent", "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": " adult stem cells", "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": " federal funding for research on embryos", "5730c059069b531400832305": " Sunday Service of the Methodists", "5730c059069b531400832306": " The Book of Common Prayer called the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", "5730c059069b531400832307": " The Book of Common Prayer called the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": " The United Methodist Church in Africa", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": " Anglican tradition's Book of Common Prayer", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": " The United Methodist Church in Africa. These services involve the laying on of hands and anointing with oil", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": ":1).", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": " Founder William Booth, African missionary David Livingstone and Methodism's revered founder John Wesley are among many cited as Protestant saints", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": " Protestant saints", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": "The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": " Bishops, Councils, Committees, Boards, Elders, etc., are not permitted to speak on behalf of The United Methodist Church", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": " Bishops, Councils, Committees, Boards, Elders, etc., are not permitted to speak on behalf of The United Methodist Church", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": " Bishops, Councils, Committees, Boards, Elders, etc., are not permitted to speak on behalf of The United Methodist Church", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": " Bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": " Bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": " Bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": " Bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": " Bishops thus elected serve Episcopal Areas, which consist of one or more Annual Conferences", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": " Jurisdictional Conference", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": " Jurisdictional Conference", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": " church law. The Council reviews all decisions of law made by bishops", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "The Judicial Council", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": " eight years", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": " church law. The Council reviews all decisions of law made by bishops", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": " church law. The Council reviews all decisions of law made by bishops", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": "ergy", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": " Clergy", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": " diocese in the Anglican Communion", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "The Book of Discipline is the guidebook for local churches and pastors", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": " UM churches must have a board of trustees", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": " UM churches must have a board of trustees", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": " UM churches must have a board of trustees", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "The Book of Discipline is the guidebook for local churches", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": " one hundred colleges and universities in the United States", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": " one hundred colleges and universities in the United States", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": " International Association of Methodist-related Schools", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": " priest of the Church of England, because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": " Deacons", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": " priest of the Church of England, because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": " a member of their Annual Conference Order of Elders. Likewise each deacon in full connection is a member of their Annual Conference Order of Deacons", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": " Superintendents of the Districts of the Annual Conference", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": " tenures", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "All clergy appointments are made and fixed annually by the resident bishop", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "Elders are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": " Superintendents", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": " Elders prior to their ordination", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": " Superintendents", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": " deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "Deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "Deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": " servant leadership", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": " a normal expectation, rather than an extraordinary provision for ministry", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": " a normal expectation, rather than an extraordinary provision for ministry", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": " a normal expectation, rather than an extraordinary provision for ministry", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": " Pastors are called by God, affirmed by the church, and appointed by a bishop", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": " Pastors are called by God, affirmed by the church, and appointed by a bishop", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": " Pastors are called by God, affirmed by the church, and appointed by a bishop", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": " Pastors", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "The United Methodist Church (UMC) practices infant and adult baptism", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": "The United Methodist Church (UMC) practices infant and adult baptism", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "The United Methodist Church (UMC) practices infant and adult baptism", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": " Baptism", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "MC", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "MC", "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "MC", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": " Local Pastor, Associate Member or deacon is unavailable. There are two categories of lay servants: local church lay servant", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": " Church Council or Charge Conference", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": " Local Pastor, Associate Member or deacon is unavailable. There are two categories of lay servants: local church lay servant", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": " Local Pastor, Associate Member or deacon is unavailable. There are two categories of lay servants: local church lay servant", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "The United Methodist Church", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": " observer status in the National Association of Evangelicals", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": " observer status in the National Association of Evangelicals", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": " 2000", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "The United Methodist Church", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": " Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed in 2000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": " 11 million members", "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": " over 34,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": " over 34,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": " over 34,000 congregations", "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": " over 34,000 congregations. Membership is concentrated primarily in the Midwest", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": " 11.4", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": " 11.4", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": " 11.4", "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": " July 18", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": " July 18", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": " July 18", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": " roughly 60,000 European settlers", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": " roughly 60,000 European settlers", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": " roughly 60,000 European settlers", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": " roughly 60,000 European settlers", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": " Nova Scotia in the North. It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": " a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": " Nova Scotia in the North. It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": " July 9", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": " July 9", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": " July 9, 1755 and died a few days later. British operations in 1755, 1756", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": " six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": " July 9", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": " at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France. France concentrated its forces against Prussia", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": " 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "ussia", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": " 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture the Colony of Canada", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": " 1740s, British colonists named the second war in King George's reign after their opponents, and it became known as the French and Indian War", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": " Seven Years' War, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": " Seven Years' War, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": " Seven Years' War, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not correspond with the fighting on mainland North America", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not correspond with the fighting on mainland North America", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": " 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not correspond with the fighting on mainland North America", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": " 1763. These dates do not correspond with the fighting on mainland North America", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": " 75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": " 75,000", "5733d5704776f41900661310": " 75,000", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": " 1.5 million", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": " Nova Scotia, which had been captured from France in 1713, still had a significant French-speaking population. Britain", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": " 1713, still had a significant French-speaking population. Britain", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": " Acadia, and the eastern portions of the province of Canada, as well as much of present-day Maine. The Iroquois Confederation", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": " Nova Scotia", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": " Upstate New York", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": " Nova Scotia, Acadia, and the eastern portions of the province of Canada, as well as much of present-day Maine. The Iroquois", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": " Catawba, Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": " Siouan-speaking Catawba, Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": " Siouan-speaking Catawba, Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": " no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": " no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": " no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": " June and November 1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": " June and November 1749", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": " June and November 1749", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": " Disappointed, C\u00e9loron returned to Montreal in November 1749", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": " C\u00e9loron's expedition arrived at Logstown", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": " Disappointed, C\u00e9loron returned to Montreal in November 1749", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": " Logstown", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": " William Shirley", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": " William Shirley", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": " brisk trade in European colonial captives", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": " Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": " Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": " 1749 the British government gave land to the Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": " 1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": " 1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": " 1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": " 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": " March 17", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": " 1752", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": " 1752", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": " 1752", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": " four years earlier, but where C\u00e9loron had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": " four years earlier, but where C\u00e9loron had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": " four years earlier, but where C\u00e9loron had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": " four years earlier, but where C\u00e9loron had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": " four years earlier, but where C\u00e9loron had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson in upstate New York", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson in upstate New York", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": " Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia was an investor", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "Governor Robert Dinwiddie", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": " Robert Dinwiddie", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": " Mingo led by Tanaghrisson. On December 12, Washington and his men reached Fort Le Boeuf", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": " Marin as commander of the French forces after the latter died on October 29", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f1784776f41900661575": " 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne", "5733f1784776f41900661576": " 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne", "5733f1784776f41900661577": " 1754 they began construction of a small stockaded fort. Governor Duquesne", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": " May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": " May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": " Tanaghrisson and his party, surprised the Canadians on May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": " England", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "News of the two battles reached England", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": " England", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "News of the two battles reached England", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": " colonial legislatures", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": " colonial legislatures", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": " colonial legislatures", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": " colonial legislatures", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": " Two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": " Two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": " Two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": " Two future opponents in the American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": " a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "The French acquired a copy of the British war plans, including the activities of Shirley and Johnson", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's, which was noticed by New France's governor, the Marquis de Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": " Shirley's, which was noticed by New France", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's, which was noticed by New France's governor, the Marquis de Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": " Shirley's, which was noticed by New France", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's, which was noticed by New France's governor, the Marquis de Vaudreuil", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "Colonel Monckton", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Colonel Monckton, in the sole British success that year, captured Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": " William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": " Braddock", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": " Sir Charles Hardy", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": " Braddock", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": " Seven Years' War", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": " Seven Years' War", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": " Seven Years' War", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "or Vaudreuil", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "or Vaudreuil", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "Governor Vaudreuil", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "Governor Vaudreuil", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": " July. When he arrived in Albany, Abercrombie refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": " July. When he arrived in Albany", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": " July. When he arrived in Albany", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": " July. When he arrived in Albany", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": " a capable administrator but a cautious field commander, planned one major operation for 1757", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": " 1757", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": " 1757", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": " 1757", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": " irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": " 1757", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": " irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "Vaudreuil and Montcalm were minimally resupplied", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "Vaudreuil", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "Vaudreuil", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "The British failures in North America", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": " 1757. Pitt", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": " three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops, supported by the provincial militias, aimed at capturing the heartlands of New France", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": " Two of the expeditions were successful", "573403394776f419006616dd": "The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon", "573403394776f419006616de": " third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon", "573403394776f419006616df": "crombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst", "573403394776f419006616e0": " furs destined for Europe. Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": " foreign minister, the duc de Choiseul, decided to focus on an invasion of Britain, to draw British resources away from North America", "57340549d058e614000b67de": " foreign minister, the duc de Choiseul, decided to focus on an invasion of Britain, to draw British resources away from North America", "57340549d058e614000b67df": " Seven Years' War in 1758, France's new foreign minister, the duc de Choiseul, decided to focus on an invasion of Britain", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": " 1760", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": " 1759", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": " 1759, when they finally captured Ticonderoga", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": " 1759", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": " Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": " Governor Vaudreuil", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": " 1760, and before any hostilities erupted, Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst", "573408ef4776f41900661757": " 10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": " 10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "The war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": " 10 February 1763", "57340a094776f4190066177d": " 80,000 primarily French-speaking Roman Catholic residents", "57340a094776f4190066177e": " Canada and Acadia, colonies containing approximately 80,000 primarily French-speaking Roman Catholic residents", "57340a094776f4190066177f": " Canada and Acadia, colonies containing approximately 80,000 primarily French-speaking Roman Catholic residents", "57340a094776f41900661780": " Canada and Acadia, colonies containing approximately 80,000 primarily French-speaking Roman Catholic residents", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": " 1763 on October 7", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": " King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": " 1763 on October 7", "57340d124776f419006617c3": " Florida also prompted most of its Spanish Catholic population to leave. Most went to Cuba", "57340d124776f419006617c0": " legal and illegal settlement due to the construction of military roads to the area by Braddock and Forbes", "57340d124776f419006617c1": " 1769", "57340d124776f419006617c2": " a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion, leading to their ultimate dispossession. The Ohio Country", "57340d124776f419006617bf": " Florida also prompted most of its Spanish Catholic population to leave. Most went to Cuba", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": " Archimedes retained fundamental errors in understanding force. In part this was due to an incomplete understanding of the sometimes non-obvious force of friction", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": " Sir Isaac Newton", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": " Sir Isaac Newton", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": " Archimedes retained fundamental errors in understanding force. In part this was due to an incomplete understanding of the sometimes non-obvious force of friction", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": " Archimedes retained fundamental errors in understanding force. In part this was due to an incomplete understanding of the sometimes non-obvious force of friction", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": " four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2\u201310:79", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": " four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2\u201310:79", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": " four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2\u201310:79", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": " four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2\u201310:79", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": " four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2\u201310:79", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": " projectiles", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": " projectiles", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": " projectiles", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": " projectiles", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "The shortcomings of Aristotelian physics would not be fully corrected until the 17th", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": " gravity to an extent that was independent of their mass", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": " 17th century work of Galileo Galilei, who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": " incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion early in the 17th century", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": " gravity to an extent that was independent of their mass", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": " net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": " a lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton's First Law", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "Newton's First Law", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "Newton's First Law", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": " A person can throw a ball straight up", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": " change from being at rest. A person can throw a ball straight up", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": " change", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": " change from being at rest. A person can throw a ball straight up", "573749741c4567190057445d": "The concept of inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "The concept of inertia", "573749741c4567190057445f": "The concept of inertia", "573749741c45671900574460": "The concept of inertia", "573749741c45671900574461": "The concept of inertia", "573750f51c45671900574467": " some justification, Newton's second law can be taken as a quantitative definition of mass", "573750f61c45671900574468": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c45671900574469": " a coherent theory of quantum gravity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": " a coherent theory of quantum gravity", "573750f61c4567190057446b": " a coherent theory of quantum gravity, it is unclear as to how or whether this connection is relevant on microscales", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": " no such thing as a unidirectional force", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": " no such thing as a unidirectional force", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "Newton's Third Law", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": " no internal forces that are unbalanced. That is, the action-reaction force shared between any two objects in a closed system", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": " forces", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": " no internal forces", "573766251c45671900574471": " direct observations", "573766251c45671900574472": " direct observations", "573766251c45671900574473": " direct observations and compared to a standard measurement scale. Through experimentation, it is determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force", "573766251c45671900574474": " direct observations", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": " vectors", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": " vectors", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": " direction", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": " direction", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": " two people could be pulling against each other as in tug of war", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": " vector quantities", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": " vector quantities", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": " vector quantities", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": " vector quantities", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": " vector quantities", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": " northeast", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": " angles to each other. A horizontal force pointing northeast", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": " northeast", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": " northeast", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": " three-dimensional with the third component being at right-angles", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "Pushing against an object on a frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "Pushing against an object on a frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "Pushing against an object on a frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "Pushing against an object on a frictional surface can result in a situation where the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": " Archimedes' principle for buoyancy", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": " Archimedes' principle for buoyancy", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": " Archimedes' principle for buoyancy", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": " Archimedes' principle for buoyancy", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": " Archimedes' principle for buoyancy", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": " Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": " Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Dynamic equilibrium", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "Dynamic equilibrium", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "Dynamic equilibrium", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": " friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": " friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": " friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": " friction", "57377aac1c45671900574479": " operators instead of classical variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "The notion \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "The notion \"force\" keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics, though one is now dealing with operators instead of classical variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": " operators instead of classical variables", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": " Pauli principle", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": " Pauli principle", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": " bosons", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": " fermions (e.g. electrons) have a symmetric spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": " fermions (e.g. electrons) have a symmetric spin", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "199\u2013128", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "199\u2013128", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "199\u2013128", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "199\u2013128", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": " a conceptually simple way to describe such interactions through the use of Feynman diagrams", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": " four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": " Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces were unified through one consistent theory of electromagnetism", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "212\u2013219", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": " A Grand Unified Theory", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": " A Grand Unified Theory", "573784fa1c45671900574483": " universal force", "573784fa1c45671900574484": " Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574485": " a universal force", "573784fa1c45671900574486": " a universal force", "573784fa1c45671900574487": " a universal force", "573786b51c4567190057448d": " a formula that relates the mass () and the radius () of the Earth", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "Newton", "573786b51c4567190057448f": " a formula that relates the mass () and the radius () of the Earth", "573786b51c45671900574490": "Newton", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": " Newton's Universal Gravitation", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": " 1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": " 1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": " 1798", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Vulcan", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan)", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies; however, despite some early indications, no such planet could be found", "5737898f1c45671900574498": " Mercury", "5737898f1c45671900574499": " Mercury", "57378b141c4567190057449f": " no gravitation whatsoever", "57378b141c456719005744a0": " no gravitation whatsoever", "57378b141c456719005744a1": " no gravitation whatsoever", "57378b141c456719005744a2": " no gravitation whatsoever", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": " vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": " vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": " Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": " vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law", "57378e311c456719005744af": " Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations", "57378e311c456719005744b0": " 1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": " electric and magnetic fields", "57378e311c456719005744b2": " electric and magnetic fields", "57378e311c456719005744b3": " electric and magnetic fields", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": " two observations", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": " two observations", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": " two observations", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": " electrodynamics (or QED), which fully describes all electromagnetic phenomena as being mediated by wave\u2013particles known as photons", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": " two observations", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": " electromagnetic force", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": " electromagnetic force", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": " electron states.", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": " electromagnetic force", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": " electromagnetic force", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": " electromagnetic force", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": " electron states.", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": " electromagnetic force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": " observable. This phenomenon is called color confinement", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": " particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": " particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": " beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": " beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": " neutrons in atomic nuclei)", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": " beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": " some 1013 times less than that of the strong force. Still, it is stronger than gravity over short distances", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": " forces of interaction between atoms", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "93", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": " forces of interaction between atoms", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "Tension forces can be modeled using ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "Tension", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "Tension forces", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "Tension", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": " a corresponding increase in the length of string", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": " three-dimensional objects", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": " three-dimensional objects", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "Newton's laws", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": " three-dimensional objects", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": " three-dimensional objects", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": " all strains (deformations) including also tensile stresses and compressions.:133\u2013134:38", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": " tensor", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": " tensor", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": " all strains (deformations) including also tensile stresses and compressions.:133", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "Torque", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "Torque", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Torque", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": " force felt by any object", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "magnitude of the velocity), but only the direction of the velocity vector. The unbalanced force that accelerates an object", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": " velocity vector. The unbalanced force that accelerates an object", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": " any object", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": " centripetal force felt by any object", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": " conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": " conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": " conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": " conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": " potential forms", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": " forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": " gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": " gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": " conservative ones", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": " pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force (kgf)", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": " metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force (kgf)", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": " pound", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": " metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force (kgf)", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "The pound" }